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Ruggles PR, Pasch KE, Poulos NS, Thomas JE. Comparing the number of outdoor sugar-sweetened beverage and caffeinated beverage advertisements near schools by school type and school-level economic advantage. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0302048. [PMID: 38781217 PMCID: PMC11115223 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0302048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sugar-sweetened beverage and caffeinated beverage consumption are associated with a variety of health issues among youth. Food and beverage marketing has been shown to affect youth's preferences, purchases, and consumption of marketed products. Previous research suggests that outdoor food and beverage marketing differs by community demographics, with more advertisements in lower-income communities and near schools. The purpose of this study is to examine the density of sugar-sweetened and caffeinated beverage advertisements near schools by school type (middle vs. high school) and by school-level SES. METHODS Data are from the Outdoor Measuring and Evaluating the Determinants and Influence of Advertising (MEDIA)study, which documented and described all outdoor food and beverage advertisements near 47 middle and high schools in 2012. Beverage advertisements were categorized as: sugar-sweetened/caffeinated, sugar-sweetened/non-caffeinated, non-sugar-sweetened/caffeinated, or non-sugar-sweetened/non-caffeinated. Schools were categorized by type (middle vs high) and by SES as determined by the percentage of students qualifying for free or reduced-price lunch. Bootstrapped non-parametric Mann-Whitney U tests compared the number of advertisements in each category by school type and school-level SES (higher vs lower). RESULTS Compared to schools with higher SES, schools with lower SES had significantly more advertisements for sugar-sweetened/non-caffeinated beverages (Medianlow = 28.5 (IQR 17-69), vs Medianhigh = 10.5 (IQR 4-17) (p = 0.002)., sugar-sweetened non-caffeinated (Medianlow = 46 (IQR 16-99) vs Medianhigh = 13.5 (IQR 6-25), p = 0.002), -sugar-sweetened caffeinated (Medianlow = 12 (IQR 8-19) vs Medianhigh = 6 (IQR 2-8), p = 0.000), and non-sugar-sweetened non-caffeinated (Medianlow = 30 (IQR 13-65) vs Medianhigh = 14 (IQR 4-29), p = 0.045).There were no significant differences by school type. CONCLUSION This study adds to the literature demonstrating pervasive marketing of unhealthy products in lower-income communities. Disproportionate exposure to sugar-sweetened and caffeinated beverage advertisements in lower-income communities may contribute to the disparities in associated health outcomes by economic status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phoebe R. Ruggles
- Department of Kinesiology & Health Education, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, United States of America
| | - Keryn E. Pasch
- Department of Kinesiology & Health Education, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, United States of America
| | - Natalie S. Poulos
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, United States of America
| | - Jacob E. Thomas
- Department of Kinesiology & Health Education, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, United States of America
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2
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Faris ME, Saif ER, Turki EA, Abdelrahim DN, Abu-Qiyas S, Shihab KA, Zeb F, Hasan H, Hashim MS, Radwan HM, Naja F, Ismail LC, Osaili TM, Kassem H, Al Rajaby R, Obaideen K, Obaid RS. Caffeine intake and its association with nutrition, sleep, and physical activity among schoolchildren in the United Arab Emirates: a national cross-sectional study. Eur J Nutr 2024; 63:549-562. [PMID: 38151534 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-023-03285-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Recent surveys indicate a significant increase in total caffeine intake among schoolchildren. Limited research has been published concerning the total intake of caffeine among schoolchildren in the Middle East and Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries, including the UAE. METHODS This cross-sectional survey estimated the total caffeine intake from foods and beverages among 10,275 schoolchildren in the UAE. Caffeine intakes were related to the European Food Safety Authority's level of no safety concern (3.0 mg/kg BW) and level of effects on sleep (1.4 mg/kg BW). RESULTS More than half (56.2%) of the students consumed more than 100 mg (the upper limit allowed) of caffeine from dietary sources. High intake of caffeine (> 100 mg/day) was significantly associated (p = 0.001) with reduced sleep duration, difficulty falling asleep, infrequent exercising, using smart devices for more than 2 h a day, getting a lower GPA, skipping breakfast, eating fewer servings of vegetables than recommended, frequent consumption of fast food and more frequent snack consumption. CONCLUSION Excessive intake of caffeine from different dietary sources coexists with unhealthy dietary and lifestyle behaviors and sleep problems. Tailoring educational programs and intervention strategies is warranted to correct the unhealthy intake of caffeine and the associated unhealthy dietary and lifestyle behaviors among schoolchildren in the UAE.
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Affiliation(s)
- MoezAlIslam E Faris
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.
- Nutrition and Food Research Group, Sharjah Institute of Medical and Health Sciences (RIMHS), University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.
- Healthy Aging, Longevity and Sustainability Research Group, Sharjah Institute of Medical and Health Sciences (RIMHS), University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Eman Rashid Saif
- Health Promotion Department, Supreme Council for Family Affairs, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Eman Ali Turki
- Health Promotion Department, Supreme Council for Family Affairs, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Dana N Abdelrahim
- Health Promotion Research Group, Sharjah Institute of Medical and Health Sciences (RIMHS), University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Salma Abu-Qiyas
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Katia Abi Shihab
- Nutrition and Food Research Group, Sharjah Institute of Medical and Health Sciences (RIMHS), University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Falak Zeb
- Nutrition and Food Research Group, Sharjah Institute of Medical and Health Sciences (RIMHS), University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Haydar Hasan
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Nutrition and Food Research Group, Sharjah Institute of Medical and Health Sciences (RIMHS), University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mona S Hashim
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Nutrition and Food Research Group, Sharjah Institute of Medical and Health Sciences (RIMHS), University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Hadia M Radwan
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Nutrition and Food Research Group, Sharjah Institute of Medical and Health Sciences (RIMHS), University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Health Promotion Research Group, Sharjah Institute of Medical and Health Sciences (RIMHS), University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Farah Naja
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Nutrition and Food Research Group, Sharjah Institute of Medical and Health Sciences (RIMHS), University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Health Promotion Research Group, Sharjah Institute of Medical and Health Sciences (RIMHS), University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Leila Cheikh Ismail
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Nutrition and Food Research Group, Sharjah Institute of Medical and Health Sciences (RIMHS), University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Tareq M Osaili
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Nutrition and Food Research Group, Sharjah Institute of Medical and Health Sciences (RIMHS), University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- 6Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Hanin Kassem
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Radhiya Al Rajaby
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Khaled Obaideen
- Sharjah Institute for Renewable Energy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Reyad Shaker Obaid
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Nutrition and Food Research Group, Sharjah Institute of Medical and Health Sciences (RIMHS), University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
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Ajibo C, Van Griethuysen A, Visram S, Lake AA. Consumption of energy drinks by children and young people: a systematic review examining evidence of physical effects and consumer attitudes. Public Health 2024; 227:274-281. [PMID: 38228408 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2023.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To update an earlier review, published in 2016, on the health and other outcomes associated with children and young people's consumption of energy drinks (EDs). STUDY DESIGN Review article. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW Systematic searches of nine databases (ASSIA, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, DARE, Embase, ERIC, MEDLINE, PsycINFO and Web of Science) retrieved original articles reporting the effects of EDs experienced by children and young people up to the age of 21 years. Searches were restricted by publication dates (January 2016 to July 2022) and language (English). Studies assessed as being weak were excluded from the review. Included studies underwent narrative synthesis. RESULTS A total of 57 studies were included. Boys consumed EDs more than girls. Many studies reported a strong positive association between ED consumption and smoking, alcohol use, binge drinking, other substance use and the intentions to initiate these behaviours. Sensation-seeking and delinquent behaviours were positively associated with ED consumption, as were short sleep duration, poor sleep quality and low academic performance. Additional health effects noted in the updated review included increased risk of suicide, psychological distress, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder symptoms, depressive and panic behaviours, allergic diseases, insulin resistance, dental caries and erosive tooth wear. CONCLUSIONS This review adds to the growing evidence that ED consumption by children and young people is associated with numerous adverse physical and mental health outcomes. Where feasible and ethical, additional longitudinal studies are required to ascertain causality. The precautionary principle should be considered in regulatory policy and restriction of ED sales to this population. PROSPERO REGISTRATION CRD42021255484.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Ajibo
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, TS1 3BX, UK
| | - A Van Griethuysen
- Dietetics, Tees, Esk & Wear Valleys NHS Foundation Trust, Huntington House, YO32 9XW, UK
| | - S Visram
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, NE1 4LP, UK; Fuse, The Centre for Translational Research in Public Health, NE1 ALP, UK
| | - A A Lake
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, TS1 3BX, UK; Fuse, The Centre for Translational Research in Public Health, NE1 ALP, UK.
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Vézina-Im LA, Beaulieu D, Turcotte S, Turcotte AF, Delisle-Martel J, Labbé V, Lessard L, Gingras M. Association between Beverage Consumption and Sleep Quality in Adolescents. Nutrients 2024; 16:285. [PMID: 38257178 PMCID: PMC10819752 DOI: 10.3390/nu16020285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to verify if the consumption of different beverages (such as water, 100% pure fruit juice, and sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs)) is associated with adolescents' sleep quality. French-speaking adolescents were recruited in person and online throughout the province of Québec (Canada) from the end of March to early July 2023. Beverage consumption and sleep quality were measured using French versions of validated questionnaires specifically designed for adolescents. A total of 218 adolescents (14-17 years; 55.5% female) completed the online survey. Among caffeinated SSBs, energy drink (rs = -0.16; p = 0.0197) and sugar-sweetened coffee (rs = -0.33; p < 0.0001) intake was correlated with adolescents' sleep quality. Energy drink consumption (β = -0.0048; p = 0.0005) and being male (β = 0.6033; p < 0.0001) were associated with adolescents' sleep quality. There was an interaction between sugar-sweetened coffee intake and biological sex that was associated with adolescents' sleep quality (p = 0.0053). Sugar-sweetened coffee consumption was correlated with adolescent girls' abilities to go to bed (rs = -0.21; p = 0.0203) and fall asleep (rs = -0.28; p = 0.0020), while in boys, it was only significantly correlated with their abilities to go to bed (rs = -0.27; p = 0.0069). Public health interventions aimed at adolescent boys should primarily target lowering energy drink consumption, while those aimed at girls should prioritize sugar-sweetened coffee intake to possibly improve their sleep quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydi-Anne Vézina-Im
- Département des Sciences de la Santé, Université du Québec à Rimouski (UQAR), Campus de Lévis, 1595 Boulevard Alphonse-Desjardins, Lévis, QC G6V 0A6, Canada; (D.B.); (J.D.-M.); (L.L.)
- Centre de Recherche du CISSS de Chaudière-Appalaches, 143 Rue Wolfe, Lévis, QC G6V 3Z1, Canada; (S.T.); (A.-F.T.)
| | - Dominique Beaulieu
- Département des Sciences de la Santé, Université du Québec à Rimouski (UQAR), Campus de Lévis, 1595 Boulevard Alphonse-Desjardins, Lévis, QC G6V 0A6, Canada; (D.B.); (J.D.-M.); (L.L.)
- Centre de Recherche du CISSS de Chaudière-Appalaches, 143 Rue Wolfe, Lévis, QC G6V 3Z1, Canada; (S.T.); (A.-F.T.)
- Collectif de Recherche sur la Santé en Région, 1595 Boulevard Alphonse-Desjardins, Lévis, QC G6V 0A6, Canada
- Axe Santé des Populations et Pratiques Optimales en Santé, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, 2400 Avenue D’Estimauville, Québec, QC G1E 6W2, Canada
| | - Stéphane Turcotte
- Centre de Recherche du CISSS de Chaudière-Appalaches, 143 Rue Wolfe, Lévis, QC G6V 3Z1, Canada; (S.T.); (A.-F.T.)
| | - Anne-Frédérique Turcotte
- Centre de Recherche du CISSS de Chaudière-Appalaches, 143 Rue Wolfe, Lévis, QC G6V 3Z1, Canada; (S.T.); (A.-F.T.)
| | - Joannie Delisle-Martel
- Département des Sciences de la Santé, Université du Québec à Rimouski (UQAR), Campus de Lévis, 1595 Boulevard Alphonse-Desjardins, Lévis, QC G6V 0A6, Canada; (D.B.); (J.D.-M.); (L.L.)
- Centre de Recherche du CISSS de Chaudière-Appalaches, 143 Rue Wolfe, Lévis, QC G6V 3Z1, Canada; (S.T.); (A.-F.T.)
- Collectif de Recherche sur la Santé en Région, 1595 Boulevard Alphonse-Desjardins, Lévis, QC G6V 0A6, Canada
| | - Valérie Labbé
- CHAU-Hôtel-Dieu de Lévis, 143 Rue Wolfe, Lévis, QC G6V 3Z1, Canada;
| | - Lily Lessard
- Département des Sciences de la Santé, Université du Québec à Rimouski (UQAR), Campus de Lévis, 1595 Boulevard Alphonse-Desjardins, Lévis, QC G6V 0A6, Canada; (D.B.); (J.D.-M.); (L.L.)
- Centre de Recherche du CISSS de Chaudière-Appalaches, 143 Rue Wolfe, Lévis, QC G6V 3Z1, Canada; (S.T.); (A.-F.T.)
- Collectif de Recherche sur la Santé en Région, 1595 Boulevard Alphonse-Desjardins, Lévis, QC G6V 0A6, Canada
- Chaire Interdisciplinaire sur la Santé et les Services Sociaux pour les Populations Rurales, 1595 Boulevard Alphonse-Desjardins, Lévis, QC G6V 0A6, Canada
| | - Mariane Gingras
- Direction de Santé Publique, CISSS de Chaudière-Appalaches, 55 Rue du Mont-Marie, Lévis, QC G6V 0B8, Canada;
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Oberhoffer FS, Dalla-Pozza R, Jakob A, Haas NA, Mandilaras G, Li P. Energy drinks: effects on pediatric 24-h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring. A randomized trial. Pediatr Res 2023; 94:1172-1179. [PMID: 37061642 PMCID: PMC10444612 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-023-02598-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Energy drinks (EDs) are popular beverages among minors. To date, clinical studies investigating ED-induced effects on the pediatric cardiovascular system are sparse. This study aimed to investigate the effects of a single, bodyweight-adjusted ED dosage on 24-h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) in healthy children and adolescents. METHODS This study was a randomized, single-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover clinical trial. Study participants received a single, bodyweight-adjusted ED amount or a placebo drink on 2 consecutive days at similar morning hours. Twenty-four-hour ABPM was assessed via an automated oscillometric blood pressure device after beverage consumption on both study days. RESULTS A total of 17 healthy children and teenagers (13.90 (12.29-17.89) years) were included in the final analysis. The ED consumption led, compared to the placebo intake, to a significantly higher 24-h systolic (115.90 (110.22-118.04) vs. 110.64 (108.09-115.45) mmHg, p = 0.013) and diastolic blood pressure (66.08 (64.20-68.32) vs. 62.63 (61.40-66.46) mmHg, p = 0.005). CONCLUSIONS The single, bodyweight-adjusted ED consumption is linked with a significantly higher systolic as well as diastolic 24-h blood pressure in healthy children and adolescents. Minors, particularly those with an increased cardiovascular morbidity, should be discouraged from drinking EDs. IMPACT Energy drinks (EDs) are consumed by many children and teenagers. While adverse cardiovascular events after ED consumption were reported in the literature, the effects of these beverages on the pediatric 24-h blood pressure profile have not been systematically evaluated yet. In our manuscript, we demonstrate for the first time that acute ED consumption is associated with a significantly higher 24-h systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure in healthy minors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix S Oberhoffer
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology and Intensive Care, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377, Munich, Germany.
| | - Robert Dalla-Pozza
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology and Intensive Care, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - André Jakob
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology and Intensive Care, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Nikolaus A Haas
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology and Intensive Care, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Guido Mandilaras
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology and Intensive Care, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Pengzhu Li
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology and Intensive Care, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377, Munich, Germany
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Insomnia in Infancy, Childhood, and Adolescence. Sleep Med Clin 2023; 18:135-145. [PMID: 37120157 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsmc.2023.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Abstract
Insomnia is the most prevalent sleep disorder in youth, tends to persist over time, and is associated with a myriad of adverse outcomes. This paper synthesizes the current evidence regarding the phenomenology, prevalence, assessment, consequences, cause, and treatment of pediatric insomnia, highlighting areas that warrant further research and addressing the unique characteristics of this disorder in infants, children, and adolescents.
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Jessel CD, Narang A, Zuberi R, Bousman CA. Sleep Quality and Duration in Children That Consume Caffeine: Impact of Dose and Genetic Variation in ADORA2A and CYP1A. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14020289. [PMID: 36833216 PMCID: PMC9956387 DOI: 10.3390/genes14020289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Caffeine is the most consumed drug in the world, and it is commonly used by children. Despite being considered relatively safe, caffeine can have marked effects on sleep. Studies in adults suggest that genetic variants in the adenosine A2A receptor (ADORA2A, rs5751876) and cytochrome P450 1A (CYP1A, rs2472297, rs762551) loci are correlated with caffeine-associated sleep disturbances and caffeine intake (dose), but these associations have not been assessed in children. We examined the independent and interaction effects of daily caffeine dose and candidate variants in ADORA2A and CYP1A on the sleep quality and duration in 6112 children aged 9-10 years who used caffeine and were enrolled in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study. We found that children with higher daily caffeine doses had lower odds of reporting > 9 h of sleep per night (OR = 0.81, 95% CI = 0.74-0.88, and p = 1.2 × 10-6). For every mg/kg/day of caffeine consumed, there was a 19% (95% CI = 12-26%) decrease in the odds of children reporting > 9 h of sleep. However, neither ADORA2A nor CYP1A genetic variants were associated with sleep quality, duration, or caffeine dose. Likewise, genotype by caffeine dose interactions were not detected. Our findings suggest that a daily caffeine dose has a clear negative correlation with sleep duration in children, but this association is not moderated by the ADORA2A or CYP1A genetic variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaten D. Jessel
- Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N4N1, Canada
| | - Ankita Narang
- Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N4N1, Canada
| | - Rayyan Zuberi
- Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N4N1, Canada
| | - Chad A. Bousman
- Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N4N1, Canada
- Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N4N1, Canada
- Mathison Centre for Mental Health Research & Education, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N4N1, Canada
- Departments of Medical Genetics, Psychiatry, Physiology & Pharmacology, and Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N4N1, Canada
- Correspondence:
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Robbins R, Beebe DW, Byars KC, Grandner M, Hale L, Tapia IE, Wolfson AR, Owens JA. Adolescent sleep myths: Identifying false beliefs that impact adolescent sleep and well-being. Sleep Health 2022; 8:632-639. [PMID: 36180345 PMCID: PMC9772111 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleh.2022.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Commonly held beliefs about sleep unsupported by scientific evidence (ie, myths) among adolescents and their parents/caregivers may adversely influence sleep-related attitudes and behaviors among adolescents. Thus, identifying such myths with the goal of developing effective evidence-based counter-messages has the potential to improve sleep health in adolescents. METHOD We identified myths with a panel of adolescent sleep health experts (n = 12) using the Delphi method in three sequential steps: (1) focus groups; (2) online discussion; and (3) closed-ended questionnaires with which the experts rated myths on: (1) falseness and (2) public health significance using 5-point Likert scales ranging from 1 (not at all false/important for public health) to 5 (extremely false/important for public health). Next, we explored the prevalence of the myths among a demographically diverse sample of parents/caregivers of adolescents in the United States. Finally, we report the counterevidence to refute each myth. RESULTS Ten myths about adolescent sleep were identified by the experts using the Delphi method. The most prevalent myths were the beliefs that (1) "Going to bed and waking up late on the weekends is no big deal for adolescents, as long as they get enough sleep during that time," reported by 74% of parents/caregivers; (2) "If school starts later, adolescents will stay up that much later," reported by 69% of parents/caregivers; and (3) "Melatonin supplements are safe for adolescents because they are natural," reported by 66% of parents/caregivers. CONCLUSION Parents/caregivers have the potential to serve as sleep health advocates for their adolescent and support their adolescent's sleep health behaviors. Our study found that many parents/caregivers endorse myths about adolescent sleep that may hinder their ability to support their adolescent's sleep health. Future research may explore methods for promoting evidence-based beliefs about adolescent sleep among parents/caregivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Robbins
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Dean W Beebe
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati, OH, USA; University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Kelly C Byars
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati, OH, USA; University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Michael Grandner
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Lauren Hale
- Department of Family, Population and Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook Medicine, Program in Public Health, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Ignacio E Tapia
- Division of Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia. Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Amy R Wolfson
- Department of Psychology, Loyola University Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Judith A Owens
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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Smidt AM, Blake MJ, Latham MD, Allen NB. Effects of Automated Diurnal Variation in Electronic Screen Temperature on Sleep Quality in Young Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Behav Sleep Med 2022; 20:513-529. [PMID: 34176370 DOI: 10.1080/15402002.2021.1940183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Determine whether automated changes in electronic screen color temperature of personal electronic devices is associated with changes in objective and self-reported indices of sleep and mental health in young adults, as well as determine feasibility and acceptability of the experimental manipulation. PARTICIPANTS A single-blind randomized controlled trial was conducted at a large public university in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States. Fifty-five participants (female=78%, mean age=19.45 years) who reported using a smartphone and/or laptop computer two hours before bedtime were randomized into either an experimental group (EG; n=29) or active control group (ACG; n=26). METHODS Both the EG and ACG had installed on their devices a piece of software that automatically lowers the color temperature of these devices' screens as the day progresses ("f.lux"). However, only the EG had the blue-light-reducing features activated, and participants were blind to condition. Before and after the one-week long experimental manipulation period, participants completed the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Pediatric Daytime Sleepiness Scale (PDSS), Pre-Sleep Arousal Scale (PSAS), and Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ) and wore an actiwatch for seven consecutive nights. RESULTS Participants in the EG did not show greater improvement in objective sleep, self-reported sleep, or mental health compared to participants in the ACG. Participants in the EG rated the software as more distracting and purposely disabled the software more often compared to participants in the ACG. CONCLUSIONS Automated diurnal variation in electronic screen temperature in personal devices did not improve sleep or mental health in young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alec M Smidt
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Matthew J Blake
- Melbourne School of Psychological Science, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Melissa D Latham
- Department of Psychology, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California
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10
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A content analysis of sports and energy drink advertising. Appetite 2022; 174:106010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2022.106010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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11
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Merianos AL, Mahabee-Gittens EM, Choi K. Tobacco smoke exposure and inadequate sleep among U.S. school-aged children. Sleep Med 2021; 86:99-105. [PMID: 34479053 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2021.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE/BACKGROUND Inadequate sleep and tobacco smoke exposure (TSE) have been separately linked to adverse childhood health consequences. Our objective was to assess the association between home TSE status and inadequate sleep among U.S. school-aged children. METHODS We analyzed 2018-2019 National Survey of Children's Health data, and included 17,851 children ages 6-11 years. Children were classified into three parent-report TSE groups: (1) did not live with a smoker (no TSE at home); (2) lived with a smoker who did not smoke inside the home (thirdhand smoke (THS) exposure only); and (3) lived with a smoker who smoked inside the home (secondhand smoke (SHS) and THS exposure). Parent-report of inadequate sleep on most weeknights was defined as <9 h, following age-specific national guidelines. We fitted a weighted multivariable logistic model to assess the association between TSE groups and inadequate sleep, adjusting for child covariates (sociodemographics, overweight status, health status, physical activity, and screen time). RESULTS About 13% and 1% of school-aged children were exposed to home THS only and home SHS and THS, respectively; approximately 36% overall had inadequate sleep. Compared to children with no TSE at home, children who were exposed to home THS only had higher odds of inadequate sleep (AOR = 1.44, 95%CI = 1.20-1.73); those exposed to home SHS and THS had higher odds of inadequate sleep (AOR = 1.83, 95%CI = 1.20-2.78). CONCLUSIONS TSE is associated with school-aged children having inadequate sleep, even when smokers did not smoke inside the home. Promoting parental smoking cessation is essential to fully protect children from related risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley L Merianos
- School of Human Services, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
| | - E Melinda Mahabee-Gittens
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
| | - Kelvin Choi
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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12
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Nuss T, Morley B, Scully M, Wakefield M. Energy drink consumption among Australian adolescents associated with a cluster of unhealthy dietary behaviours and short sleep duration. Nutr J 2021; 20:64. [PMID: 34225738 PMCID: PMC8259213 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-021-00719-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-alcoholic energy drinks ('energy drinks') are high in sugar, as well as caffeine, leading to concerns regarding their suitability for children and adolescents. Despite this, marketing of energy drinks is often directed at adolescents, and there are no age restrictions on the sale of these products in Australia. The current study aimed to examine patterns in consumption of energy drinks among Australian secondary school students and identify sociodemographic and behavioural correlates associated with regular consumption. METHODS Participants were 8942 students in Years 8 to 11 (aged 12 to 17 years) who participated in the 2018 National Secondary Students' Diet and Activity (NaSSDA) cross-sectional survey. A multistage stratified random sampling procedure was used. Within the school setting, students self-completed an online questionnaire assessing their dietary, physical activity and sedentary behaviours. A multilevel logistic regression model was used to examine associations between energy drink consumption and sociodemographic and behavioural factors. RESULTS Overall, 8% of students reported consuming energy drinks on a weekly basis ('regular consumers'). A further 16% indicated they consume less than one cup per week of these types of drinks, while around three-quarters (76%) reported they do not consume energy drinks. Regular consumption of energy drinks was independently associated with being male, having greater weekly spending money, high intakes of snack foods, fast food, other sugar-sweetened beverages and fruit juice, as well as short sleep duration. There was no independent association with other sociodemographic characteristics (i.e., year level, level of disadvantage, geographic location), consumption of vegetables and fruit, physical activity level, or sedentary recreational screen time. CONCLUSIONS While most Australian adolescents do not consume energy drinks, regular consumption is more prevalent among males, and consumption appears to cluster with other unhealthy dietary behaviours and short sleep duration. Findings support the need for policies that will reach identified at-risk groups (e.g., increased regulation of the marketing and sale of energy drinks), as well as suggest opportunities for interventions targeting energy drink consumption alongside other unhealthy dietary behaviours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tegan Nuss
- Centre for Behavioural Research in Cancer, Cancer Council Victoria, 615 St Kilda Road, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - Belinda Morley
- Centre for Behavioural Research in Cancer, Cancer Council Victoria, 615 St Kilda Road, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia.
| | - Maree Scully
- Centre for Behavioural Research in Cancer, Cancer Council Victoria, 615 St Kilda Road, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - Melanie Wakefield
- Centre for Behavioural Research in Cancer, Cancer Council Victoria, 615 St Kilda Road, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia.,Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
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13
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Veselska ZD, Husarova D, Kosticova M. Energy Drinks Consumption Associated with Emotional and Behavioural Problems via Lack of Sleep and Skipped Breakfast among Adolescents. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18116055. [PMID: 34199877 PMCID: PMC8200076 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18116055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The aim of our study was to explore whether energy drink consumption is associated with both emotional and behavioural problems and whether this association might be mediated by amount of sleep and breakfast consumption among adolescents. The nationally representative Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) study, realised in 2018 in Slovakia in schools, was used to acquire needed data, with the research sample of 8405 adolescents from 11 to 15 years old (mean age = 13.43; 50.9% boys) who completed the questionnaires on their own in a presence of researchers and research assistants. Emotional and behavioural problems were assessed by a Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, while energy drinks consumption, breakfast consumption and sleep duration was assessed by questions in line with the HBSC study protocol. Linear regression models assessed the associations between energy drinks consumption and emotional and behavioural problems. Mediation by sleep duration and breakfast consumption was assessed with parallel mediation models. Energy drink consumption was significantly associated with emotional (p < 0.001) and behavioural problems (p < 0.001), with higher consumption of energy drinks leading to more emotional and behavioural problems. Results from a parallel mediation analysis indicated that energy drink consumption is indirectly related to both emotional and behavioural problems through its relationship with the amount of sleep and breakfast consumption. Parents and professionals working with adolescents should be aware that unhealthy dietary habits and lack of sleep might be related to emotional and behavioural problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Dankulincova Veselska
- Department of Health Psychology and Research Methodology, Faculty of Medicine, P.J. Safarik University in Kosice, Trieda SNP 1, 04011 Kosice, Slovakia;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +421-55-234-3392
| | - Daniela Husarova
- Department of Health Psychology and Research Methodology, Faculty of Medicine, P.J. Safarik University in Kosice, Trieda SNP 1, 04011 Kosice, Slovakia;
| | - Michaela Kosticova
- Institute of Social Medicine and Medical Ethics, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Sasinkova 2, 81372 Bratislava, Slovakia;
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14
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Williamson AA, Mindell JA. Cumulative socio-demographic risk factors and sleep outcomes in early childhood. Sleep 2021; 43:5573929. [PMID: 31555826 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsz233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES To examine associations between cumulative socio-demographic risk factors, sleep health habits, and sleep disorder symptoms in young children. METHODS Two hundred five caregiver-child dyads (child mean age ± SD: 3.3 ± 1.1 years; 53.7% girls; 62.9% black, 22.4% non-Hispanic/Latinx white, 4.4% Hispanic/Latinx; 85.4% maternal caregiver reporter) completed caregiver-rated sleep measures (Brief Child Sleep Questionnaire [BCSQ]; Pediatric Sleep Questionnaire [PSQ] snoring subscale), which were used to generate indexes of poor sleep health habits, pediatric insomnia symptoms, and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) symptoms. A cumulative risk index was created reflecting caregiver, family, and neighborhood risks. RESULTS Overall, 84.5% of children had ≥ 1 poor sleep health habit, 62.9% had ≥ 1 insomnia symptom, and 40.0% had ≥ 1 OSA symptom. Poisson regression indicated that each increase in the number of cumulative risk factors was associated with a 10% increase in poor sleep health habits, a 9% increase in insomnia symptoms, and an 18% increase in OSA symptoms. Specific caregiver risks (depressive symptoms, lower educational attainment) and family risks (single caregiver, crowded home) were most predictive of poor sleep outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Poor sleep health habits and sleep disorder symptoms are highly prevalent in early childhood, particularly among families experiencing cumulative socio-demographic risks. Findings underscore the need for targeted screening and prevention for modifiable sleep behaviors and efforts to tailor such strategies for at-risk children and families, especially those living in crowded conditions, or with caregivers who are single or have a lower educational attainment or depressive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariel A Williamson
- Sleep Center, Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA.,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Jodi A Mindell
- Sleep Center, Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA.,Department of Psychology, Saint Joseph's University, Philadelphia, PA
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15
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The Energy to Smoke: Examining the Longitudinal Association between Beverage Consumption and Smoking and Vaping Behaviours among Youth in the COMPASS Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18083864. [PMID: 33917040 PMCID: PMC8067730 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18083864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the longitudinal association between changes in sugar-sweetened and/or caffeinated beverage consumption and smoking/vaping behaviour among Canadian adolescents. Using longitudinal data from the COMPASS study (2015/16 to 2017/18), four models were developed to investigate whether beverage consumption explained variability in smoking and vaping behaviour in adolescence: (1) smoking initiation, (2) vaping initiation, (3) current smoking status, and (4) current vaping status. Models were adjusted for demographic factors. Multinomial logit models were used for model 1, 2, and 3. A binary logistic regression model was used for model 4. An association between change in frequency of beverage consumption and smoking/vaping behaviour was identified in all models. A one-day increase in beverage consumption was associated with smoking initiation (OR = 1.38, 95% CI: 1.25, 1.51), vaping initiation (OR = 1.23, 95% CI: 1.14, 1.32), identifying as a current smoker (OR = 1.17, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.35), and currently vaping (OR = 1.08, 95% CI: 1.04, 1.11). Change in high-energy drink consumption was the best predictor of smoking behaviours and vaping initiation but not current vaping status. Given the health consequences of smoking and vaping and their association with high-energy drink and coffee consumption, policy initiatives to prevent smoking/vaping initiation, and to limit youth access to these beverages, warrant consideration.
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16
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Halberg SE, Visek AJ, Blake EF, Essel KD, Sacheck J, Sylvetsky AC. SODA MAPS: A Framework for Understanding Caffeinated Sugary Drink Consumption Among Children. Front Nutr 2021; 8:640531. [PMID: 33777993 PMCID: PMC7988216 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.640531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Excess sugary drink (SD) consumption is associated with childhood obesity and development of cardiometabolic disease. In addition to having high added sugar content, many SDs also contain caffeine, which may further encourage excess SD consumption among children. The objective of this study was to develop a conceptual framework of children's caffeinated SD consumption using group concept mapping, an applied social research multimethodology that collectively harnesses qualitative and quantitative data from participants to generate a visual representation of their ideas and input. Children, 8–14 years old, who reported consuming ≥12 ounces of caffeinated SDs (e.g., sodas, sweet teas) per day were recruited throughout Washington, D.C. and invited to participate. Concept mapping included three participant-driven activities: (1) brainstorming (n = 51), during which children reported reasons for their SD consumption, from which 58 unique reasons were identified; (2) sorting (n = 70), during which children sorted each of the reported reasons into categories and named each category; and (3) rating (n = 74), during which children rated the influence of each reason on their own caffeinated SD consumption. Similarity matrices, multidimensional scaling, and hierarchical cluster analysis were used to generate concept maps (hereafter “SODA MAPS”), which display the 58 reasons organized within eight overarching clusters. Among these eight clusters, Taste and Feel, Something to Do, and Energy were rated as particularly influential. Children's caffeinated SD consumption is encouraged not only by the palatable taste and reported preferences for these beverages (e.g., Taste and Feel), but also by psychological (e.g., Mood and Focus), biological (e.g., Energy), social (e.g., Something to Do) and environmental reasons (e.g., Nothing Better Available). Thus, the SODA MAPS can inform the development of tailored, multi-level SD reduction interventions that incorporate strategies to address important and currently overlooked reasons for caffeinated SD consumption among children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina E Halberg
- Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Amanda J Visek
- Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Emily F Blake
- Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States.,Department of Kinesiology, School of Public Health, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Kofi D Essel
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States.,Division of General and Community Pediatrics, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Jennifer Sacheck
- Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Allison C Sylvetsky
- Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States
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17
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Palmer CE, Sheth C, Marshall AT, Adise S, Baker FC, Chang L, Clark DB, Coronado C, Dagher RK, Diaz V, Dowling GJ, Gonzalez MR, Haist F, Herting MM, Huber RS, Jernigan TL, LeBlanc K, Lee K, Lisdahl KM, Neigh G, Patterson MW, Renshaw P, Rhee KE, Tapert S, Thompson WK, Uban K, Sowell ER, Yurgelun-Todd D. A Comprehensive Overview of the Physical Health of the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study Cohort at Baseline. Front Pediatr 2021; 9:734184. [PMID: 34692610 PMCID: PMC8526338 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2021.734184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Physical health in childhood is crucial for neurobiological as well as overall development, and can shape long-term outcomes into adulthood. The landmark, longitudinal Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development StudySM (ABCD study®), was designed to investigate brain development and health in almost 12,000 youth who were recruited when they were 9-10 years old and will be followed through adolescence and early adulthood. The overall goal of this paper is to provide descriptive analyses of physical health measures in the ABCD study at baseline, including but not limited to sleep, physical activity and sports involvement, and body mass index. Further this summary will describe how physical health measures collected from the ABCD cohort compare with current normative data and clinical guidelines. We propose this data set has the potential to facilitate clinical recommendations and inform national standards of physical health in this age group. This manuscript will also provide important information for ABCD users and help guide analyses investigating physical health including new avenues for health disparity research as it pertains to adolescent and young adult development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clare E Palmer
- Center for Human Development, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Chandni Sheth
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Andrew T Marshall
- Children's Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Shana Adise
- Children's Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Fiona C Baker
- Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA, United States
| | - Linda Chang
- Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Duncan B Clark
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Clarisa Coronado
- Center for Human Development, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Rada K Dagher
- Division of Scientific Programs, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Vanessa Diaz
- Center for Human Development, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Gayathri J Dowling
- Division of Extramural Research, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Marybel R Gonzalez
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Frank Haist
- Center for Human Development, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States.,Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Megan M Herting
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Rebekah S Huber
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Terry L Jernigan
- Center for Human Development, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Kimberly LeBlanc
- Division of Extramural Research, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Karen Lee
- Child Development and Behavior Branch, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Krista M Lisdahl
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Gretchen Neigh
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VT, United States
| | - Megan W Patterson
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Denver-Anschutz Medical Campus, Denver, CO, United States
| | - Perry Renshaw
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Kyung E Rhee
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Susan Tapert
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Wesley K Thompson
- Population Neuroscience and Genetics Lab, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Kristina Uban
- Public Health, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Elizabeth R Sowell
- Children's Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Deborah Yurgelun-Todd
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
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18
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Shearer J, Reimer RA, Hittel DS, Gault MA, Vogel HJ, Klein MS. Caffeine-Containing Energy Shots Cause Acute Impaired Glucoregulation in Adolescents. Nutrients 2020; 12:E3850. [PMID: 33339359 PMCID: PMC7766305 DOI: 10.3390/nu12123850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Caffeine-containing, nutritionally fortified energy shots are consumed at high rates by adolescents, yet little is known about their metabolic impact. The purpose of this study was to examine the consequences of small format, caffeinated energy shots on glucose metabolism and gastrointestinal hormone secretion in adolescents. Twenty participants aged 13-19 years participated in a double-blind, randomized cross-over study consisting of two trials separated by 1-4 weeks. Participants consumed a volume-matched caffeinated energy shot (CAF, 5 mg/kg) or a decaffeinated energy shot (DECAF) followed by a 2 h oral glucose tolerance test. Blood samples were collected and area under the curve (AUC) calculated for glucose, insulin and gut and metabolic hormones. Consumption of CAF resulted in a 25% increase in glucose and a 26% increase in insulin area under the curve (AUC, p = 0.037; p < 0.0001) compared to DECAF. No impact on gut hormones was observed. To further characterize responses, individuals were classified as either slow or fast caffeine metabolizers based on an allele score. Glucose intolerance was greater in genetically fast vs. slow caffeine metabolizers and differences between groups were supported by distinct serum metabolomics separation. Consumption of caffeine-containing energy shots results in acute impaired glucoregulation in healthy adolescents as characterized by hyperinsulinemia following an oral glucose challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane Shearer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada; (R.A.R.); (D.S.H.); (M.A.G.)
- Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Alberta Children’s Hospital, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Raylene A. Reimer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada; (R.A.R.); (D.S.H.); (M.A.G.)
- Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Alberta Children’s Hospital, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Dustin S. Hittel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada; (R.A.R.); (D.S.H.); (M.A.G.)
- Discovery DNA Inc., Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Mackenzie A. Gault
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada; (R.A.R.); (D.S.H.); (M.A.G.)
- Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Alberta Children’s Hospital, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Alberta Children’s Hospital, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Hans J. Vogel
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada;
| | - Matthias S. Klein
- College of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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Pharmacological depletion of serotonin and norepinephrine with para-chlorophenylalanine and alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine reverses the antidepressant-like effects of adolescent caffeine exposure in the male rat. Behav Pharmacol 2020; 31:768-775. [PMID: 32897889 DOI: 10.1097/fbp.0000000000000588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Adolescent exposure to caffeine has been shown to decrease immobility in the forced swim test, suggesting and antidepressant-like effect of caffeine; however, studies have produced different results with regard to caffeine-induced active behaviors. The present study attempted to clarify the possible neurochemical mechanisms of caffeine's action by selectively depleting norepinephrine with alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine or serotonin with para-chlorophenylalanine in two separate experiments and assessing the ability for caffeine to alter anxiety-like and depressive-like behavior. Caffeine-treated adolescent male rats were exposed to caffeine (0.25 g/L) in their drinking water beginning on P28. A-methyl-p-tyrosine, para-chlorophenylalanine, or saline were administered prior to light-dark, open field, and forced swim testing beginning on P45. Caffeine-induced reductions in immobility and increases in swimming in the forced swim test were reversed by both a-methyl-p-tyrosine and para-chlorophenylalanine. Caffeine-induced increases in crosses and rears were reversed by para-chlorophenylalanine but not alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine, whereas caffeine-induced increases in transitions in the LD test were reversed by alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine but not para-chlorophenylalanine. Taken together, these results suggest that caffeine-induced decreases in immobility in male rats requires both norepinephrine and serotonin as depletion of either prevents the induction of immobility by chronic caffeine.
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20
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Napolitano MA, Lynch SB, Mavredes M, Shambon B, Posey L. Evaluating an Interactive Digital Intervention for College Weight Gain Prevention. JOURNAL OF NUTRITION EDUCATION AND BEHAVIOR 2020; 52:890-897. [PMID: 32456988 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneb.2020.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Pilot a digital interactive intervention for weight gain prevention among college students. METHODS One sample pre-post study reporting on initial usability and changes in theoretical constructs (ie, self-efficacy, behavioral capability, elaboration) and program acceptability. Twenty college freshmen (mean age, 18.25 ± 0.72 years) reviewed a digital program providing self-assessment and brief tailored feedback on 8 behaviors that relate to a healthy weight: physical activity, sedentary behavior, and consumption of sugary beverages, high fat snacks, breakfast, fried foods, fruits and vegetables, and pizza. RESULTS At posttest, improvements in self-efficacy were found for 5 behaviors (ie, physical activity, high fat snacks, breakfast, fried foods, fruits and vegetables); improvements in behavioral capability were found for 3 behaviors (ie, high fat snacks, fried foods, and fruits and vegetables). Acceptability benchmarks included: positive impression (60%), relevance (95%), and ease of comprehension (75%). CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS This program demonstrates acceptability for a digital weight gain prevention intervention, with improvements in behavioral mediators of change. Suggestions to simplify messaging and allowing for user control may enhance acceptability and comprehension. There is a need for further testing with larger more diverse populations before broader implementation by universities to address student health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa A Napolitano
- Department of Prevention and Community, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington, DC; Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington, DC.
| | | | - Meghan Mavredes
- Department of Prevention and Community, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington, DC
| | - Benjamin Shambon
- Department of Prevention and Community, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington, DC
| | - Laurie Posey
- The George Washington University School of Nursing, Washington, DC
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21
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Sylvetsky AC, Visek AJ, Halberg S, Rhee DK, Ongaro Z, Essel KD, Dietz WH, Sacheck J. Beyond taste and easy access: Physical, cognitive, interpersonal, and emotional reasons for sugary drink consumption among children and adolescents. Appetite 2020; 155:104826. [PMID: 32800838 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2020.104826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Consumption of sugary drinks is associated with the development of obesity and cardiometabolic diseases among children and adolescents. In addition to high added sugar content, many sugary drinks also contain caffeine. However, whether the combination of sugar and caffeine uniquely influences children's sugary drink intake is presently unknown. This study aimed to evaluate contextual factors surrounding children's sugary drink consumption and investigate reasons for sugary drink intake among children and adolescents, with a specific focus on caffeinated sodas and sweet tea. We also evaluated how sugary drink consumption makes children feel and how they anticipated that they would respond if sugary drinks were restricted. Focus group discussions (n = 9, 2-8 participants per group) were conducted with 37 predominantly AfricanAmerican children and adolescents, ages 8-14 years, who consumed ≥1 caffeine-containing sugary drink(s) daily, based on parental report. Focus groups were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. Transcripts were independently coded by two coders, after which emergent themes were identified. Reported reasons for sugary drink consumption encompassed five themes: 1) perceived need (e.g., satisfy cravings, quench thirst); 2) physical and cognitive benefits (e.g., provide energy, improve attention); 3) emotional and interpersonal benefits (e.g., relieve anger, facilitate socializing); 4) sensory properties (e.g., taste, carbonation); and, 5) external cues (e.g., family/peer modeling, availability). Negative consequences resulting from excess intake were also reported, including gastrointestinal symptoms, headaches, fatigue, hyperactivity, and chronic disease. Perceived physical, cognitive, emotional, and interpersonal benefits encourage sugary drink consumption and exacerbate well-described challenges of sugary drink reduction, including their palatability, accessibility, and affordability. Findings also suggest that incorporation of strategies to enhance physical, cognitive, and emotional health may hold promise in reducing sugary drink consumption among children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison C Sylvetsky
- Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, 950 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Suite 200, Washington, DC, 20052, USA; Sumner M. Redstone Global Center for Prevention and Wellness, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University 950 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Suite 300, Washington, DC, 20052, USA.
| | - Amanda J Visek
- Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, 950 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Suite 200, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
| | - Sabrina Halberg
- Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, 950 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Suite 200, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
| | - Dong Keun Rhee
- Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, 950 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Suite 200, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
| | - Zoe Ongaro
- Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, 950 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Suite 200, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
| | - Kofi D Essel
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, The George Washington University, 2300 I Street NW, Washington, DC, 20052, USA; Division of General & Community Pediatrics, Children's National Hospital, 111 Michigan Avenue NW, Washington, DC, 20010, USA
| | - William H Dietz
- Sumner M. Redstone Global Center for Prevention and Wellness, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University 950 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Suite 300, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
| | - Jennifer Sacheck
- Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, 950 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Suite 200, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
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22
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Yuksel D, Baker FC, Goldstone A, Claudatos SA, Forouzanfar M, Prouty DE, Colrain IM, de Zambotti M. Stress, sleep, and autonomic function in healthy adolescent girls and boys: Findings from the NCANDA study. Sleep Health 2020; 7:72-78. [PMID: 32732156 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleh.2020.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Starting in adolescence, female sex is a strong risk factor for the development of insomnia. Reasons for this are unclear but could involve altered stress reactivity and/or autonomic nervous system (ANS) dysregulation, which are strongly associated with the pathophysiology of insomnia. We investigated sex differences in the effect of stress on sleep and ANS activity in adolescents, using the first night in the laboratory as an experimental sleep-related stressor. DESIGN Repeated measures (first night vs. a subsequent night) with age (older/younger) and sex (males/females) as between factors. SETTING Recordings were performed at the human sleep laboratory at SRI International. PARTICIPANTS One hundred six healthy adolescents (Age, mean ± SD: 15.2 ± 2.0 years; 57 boys). MEASURES Polysomnographic sleep, nocturnal heart rate (HR), and frequency-domain spectral ANS HR variability (HRV) indices. RESULTS Boys and girls showed a first-night effect, characterized by lower sleep efficiency, lower %N1 and %N2 sleep, more wake after sleep onset and %N3 sleep, altered sleep microstructure (increased high-frequency sigma and Beta1 electroencephalographic activity), and reduced vagal activity (P < .05) on the first laboratory night compared to a subsequent night. The first night ANS stress effect (increases in HR and suppression in vagal HRV during rapid eye movement sleep) was greater in girls than boys (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS Sleep and ANS activity were altered during the first laboratory night in adolescents, with girls exhibiting greater ANS alterations than boys. Findings suggest that girls may be more vulnerable than boys to sleep-specific stressors, which could contribute to their increased risk for developing stress-related sleep disturbances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilara Yuksel
- Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, California, USA
| | - Fiona C Baker
- Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, California, USA; Brain Function Research Group, School of Physiology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Aimee Goldstone
- Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, California, USA
| | | | | | - Devin E Prouty
- Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, California, USA
| | - Ian M Colrain
- Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, California, USA; Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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23
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Fagan MJ, Di Sebastiano KM, Qian W, Leatherdale S, Faulkner G. Coffee and cigarettes: Examining the association between caffeinated beverage consumption and smoking behaviour among youth in the COMPASS study. Prev Med Rep 2020; 19:101148. [PMID: 32695565 PMCID: PMC7363697 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2020.101148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Caffeinated beverage consumption is associated with smoking behaviours in youth. High energy drink consumption is most strongly associated with smoking behaviours. Caffeinated beverages and smoking behaviour demonstrate a dose–response association.
In adults, coffee, sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) and high energy drink consumption have been related to increases in risky behaviour, including smoking. However, these associations are not well understood during adolescence. The purpose of this study was to examine the association between beverage consumption and smoking behaviour among Canadian adolescents. Using data from the COMPASS study (2016–2017; n = 46,957), four models were developed to investigate whether beverage consumption explained variability in smoking behaviour in adolescence (age = 15.7 ± 1.2 yrs); 1) smoking status; 2) e-cigarette use status; 3) days smoking cigarettes per month; and 4) days using an e-cigarette per month. Models were adjusted for demographic factors. Logistic (models 1 and 2) and ordinal logistic (models 3 and 4) were used for analysis. An association between the frequency of SSBs, coffee/tea or high energy drinks consumption and smoking behaviour was identified in all models. Greater beverage consumption was associated with being a current smoker (OR = 2.46 (2.02, 2.99)), former smoker, (OR = 2.50 (1.53, 4.08)), and currently using an e-cigarette (OR = 4.66 (3.40, 6.40)). Higher beverage consumption was also associated with more days smoking/using an e-cigarette per month (OR = 2.67 (1.92, 3.70) and 3.45 (2.32, 5.12), respectively). High energy drink consumption on 4 or 5 days of the school week was the best predictor of smoking behaviour in all models. Given the health consequences of smoking and e-cigarette use and their association with SSB, high energy drinks and coffee consumption, policy initiatives to prevent smoking initiation and limit access to these beverages needs ongoing attention and implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew James Fagan
- Population Physical Activity Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Katie Mary Di Sebastiano
- Population Physical Activity Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Wei Qian
- School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Scott Leatherdale
- School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Guy Faulkner
- Population Physical Activity Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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24
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Ferruzzi MG, Tanprasertsuk J, Kris-Etherton P, Weaver CM, Johnson EJ. Perspective: The Role of Beverages as a Source of Nutrients and Phytonutrients. Adv Nutr 2020; 11:507-523. [PMID: 31755901 PMCID: PMC7231580 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmz115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA) provide nutrition advice for Americans >2 y of age. The 2020-2025 DGA proposes a life stage approach, focusing on birth through older adulthood. Limited recommendations for beverages exist except for milk, 100% fruit juice, and alcohol. The goal of this article is to provide a better understanding of the role of beverages in the diet using current scientific evidence. A Medline search of observational studies, randomized controlled trials, and meta-analyses was undertaken using key beverage words. We highlight the role beverages can play as a part of the DGA and considered beverages not traditionally included, such as those that are phytonutrient dense. Our primary consideration for beverage consumption targeted healthy Americans aged ≥2 y. However, with the proposed expansion to the life span for the 2020-2025 DGA, we also reviewed evidence for infants and toddlers from birth to 24 mo. Examples are provided on how minor changes in beverage choices aid in meeting recommended intakes of certain nutrients. Guidance on beverage consumption may aid in development of better consumer products to meet broader dietary advice. For example, beverage products that are nutrient/phytonutrient dense and lower in sugar could be developed as alternatives to 100% juice to help meet the fruit and vegetable guidelines. Although beverages are not meant to replace foods, e.g., it is difficult to meet the requirements for vitamin E, dietary fiber, or essential fatty acids through beverages alone, beverages are important sources of nutrients and phytonutrients, phenolic acids and flavonoids in particular. When considering the micronutrients from diet alone, mean intakes of calcium (in women), potassium, and vitamins A, C, and D are below recommendations and sodium intakes are well above. Careful beverage choices could close these gaps and be considered a part of a healthy dietary pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario G Ferruzzi
- Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, NC, USA
| | - Jirayu Tanprasertsuk
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Penny Kris-Etherton
- Nutritional Sciences Department, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Connie M Weaver
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Elizabeth J Johnson
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA,Address correspondence to EJJ (e-mail: )
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25
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Babar NF, Amin A, Asif R. Prevalence and Perceived benefits of energy drink Consumption in medical students. JOURNAL OF RAWALPINDI MEDICAL COLLEGE 2020. [DOI: 10.37939/jrmc/vol24.iss1.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background: To assess the energy drink consumption patterns and perceived risks and benefits among medical students. The present study was carried out on 332 medical students from Foundation University Medical College. All the students enrolled in foundation university medical college were invited to participate. 332 students, who gave their consent were enrolled in the study. Data was collected by distributing a preformed structured questionnaire among medical students present in their classes. Data was entered and analyzed on SPSS version 17.
Results: Out of 332 students 307 (92.5%) said that they were familiar with energy drinks whereas 212 (63.9%) admitted to consuming energy drinks. sting and the red bull came out to be the most popular brands. 78 (36.7%) students said mental awareness to be the main motivator for energy drink consumption. The majority (94.3%) of the study population were aware of the untoward effects of energy drinks experienced. The most common of them was insomnia, students (49.05%) experienced it. 91 (42.92%) of the students said that their parents don’t object to their taking of these drinks.
Conclusion: Although the consumption of energy drinks was common among medical students, the knowledge of ingredients and health risks of energy drinks among them was unsatisfactory.
Keywords: Energy drink, Medical students, Caffeine, Frequency of consumption.
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26
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Baradaran Mahdavi S, Mansourian M, Shams E, Qorbani M, Heshmat R, Motlagh ME, Ziaodini H, Dashti R, Taheri M, Kelishadi R. Association of Sunlight Exposure with Sleep Hours in Iranian Children and Adolescents: The CASPIAN-V Study. J Trop Pediatr 2020; 66:4-14. [PMID: 31098631 DOI: 10.1093/tropej/fmz023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to assess the association of sunlight exposure with sleep duration and sleep onset time in children. Data were obtained from the fifth survey of a national school-based surveillance program in Iran. Sunlight exposure time, sleep duration, sleep onset time, physical activity time, mental health status and frequency of consuming coffee and tea were recorded. Overall, 14 274 students aged 7-18 years were recruited. Sleep duration was associated positively with sex, age, body mass index and physical activity, as well as with sunlight exposure and negatively with the consumption of coffee and tea. Higher physical activity, exposure to sunlight and mental status score in children exposed to sunlight via their face, hands, arms and feet, reduced the likelihood of sleep onset time after midnight (odds ratio (OR) = 0.909, 0.741 and 0.554 respectively). Daily exposure to sunlight may increase sleep duration and advance the sleep onset time in children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadegh Baradaran Mahdavi
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 8167636954, Iran.,Pediatrics Department, Child Growth and Development Research Center Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 8167636954, Iran.,Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 8167636954, Iran
| | - Marjan Mansourian
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 8167636954, Iran
| | - Elaheh Shams
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 8415683111, Iran
| | - Mostafa Qorbani
- Department of Epidemiology, Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj 3149779453, Iran
| | - Ramin Heshmat
- Department of Epidemiology, Chronic Diseases Research Center Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417653761, Iran
| | | | - Hasan Ziaodini
- Health Psychology Department, Research Center of Education Ministry Studies, Tehran 1997755611, Iran
| | - Razieh Dashti
- Bureau of Family, Population, Youth and School Health Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran 1467664961, Iran
| | - Majzoubeh Taheri
- Bureau of Family, Population, Youth and School Health Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran 1467664961, Iran
| | - Roya Kelishadi
- Pediatrics Department, Child Growth and Development Research Center Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 8167636954, Iran
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27
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Blake MJ, Latham MD, Blake LM, Allen NB. Adolescent-Sleep-Intervention Research: Current State and Future Directions. CURRENT DIRECTIONS IN PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.1177/0963721419850169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests that cognitive-behavioral interventions should be considered as a first-line treatment for adolescent sleep problems and can also address associated mental health concerns. This article’s aim is to prioritize future directions for this research. Studies are needed that (a) leverage innovative technology, which may allow for a more personalized-medicine approach to care; (b) use alternative research designs, such as treatment-optimization strategies; (c) evaluate mechanisms of therapeutic improvements, including mediators and moderators of change, predictors of treatment adherence, dose–response relationships, and specificity of effects of different treatment components; (d) “scale up” the interventions so that a large proportion of adolescents can access them; and (e) develop flexible approaches to delivery (e.g., online platforms) and stepped-care guidelines. National and international standards of secondary school start times of 8:30 a.m. or later are also needed. The field is now mature enough to take these next steps, which will enhance the effectiveness and public health impact of these interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J. Blake
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne
| | | | - Laura M. Blake
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne
| | - Nicholas B. Allen
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne
- Department of Psychology, University of Oregon
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28
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Gijselaers HJM, Kirschner PA, de Groot RHM. The Consumption of Breakfast, Fish and/or Caffeine does not Predict Study Progress in Adult Distance Education. INT J VITAM NUTR RES 2019; 88:1-9. [PMID: 31161895 DOI: 10.1024/0300-9831/a000278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Consumption of breakfast, fish, or caffeine are each separately often investigated in relation to learning performance in traditional education, but not in distance education (DE). The objective of this study was to investigate whether the relations between the consumption of breakfast, fish, and/or caffeine on the one hand and learning performance on the other are also found in DE students. This population is different from traditional students and characterized by a different profile in terms of age, personal and work responsibilities as well as other demographics. In an observational longitudinal study, the consumption of breakfast, fish, and caffeine of 1157 DE students (18-76 years old, mean 35.8 ± 11.1 years) was used to predict learning performance using multiple regression analysis. In an online digital survey, university students provided information about their consumption of these nutritional measures and on important covariates. Learning performance, measured as study progress (i.e., the number of successfully completed modules), was evaluated objectively after 14 months. Results showed that adding the consumption of breakfast, fish, and caffeine to the covariate model did not fit the data better, χ2 (3, N = 1155) = 3.287, p = 0.35. This means that neither the consumption of breakfast nor fish nor caffeine predicted study progress in adults participating in DE. This study is important as it is the first to report on these relations in this specific age group and educational setting, which is increasingly important due to the increased preference for this type of education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hieronymus J M Gijselaers
- 1 Welten Institute - Research Centre for Learning, Teaching and Technology, Open University of the Netherlands, Heerlen, Netherlands
| | - Paul A Kirschner
- 1 Welten Institute - Research Centre for Learning, Teaching and Technology, Open University of the Netherlands, Heerlen, Netherlands.,2 Learning & Educational Technology Research Unit, University of Oulu, Finland
| | - Renate H M de Groot
- 3 Maastricht University, Department of Complex Genetics, School for Nutrition, Toxicology and Metabolism (NUTRIM)/Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht, Netherlands
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29
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Temple JL. Review: Trends, Safety, and Recommendations for Caffeine Use in Children and Adolescents. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2019; 58:36-45. [PMID: 30577937 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2018.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Caffeine use is common in children and adolescents, but the recommendations for safe consumption are based on decades-old data collected exclusively in adults. Increased availability of caffeine-containing products and a concerted marketing effort aimed at children and adolescents, has increased interest in understanding the physiological, behavioral, and psychological effects of caffeine within this population. This manuscript provides a review of the literature concerning trends and safety of ingested caffeine in children and adolescents. METHOD A search of the National Library of Medicine database was conducted using the terms caffeine, children, adolescents, and safety, in addition to tailored searches on specific topics using combinations of search terms such as energy drinks, cardiovascular, mood, cognitive, mental health, sleep, and regulations. RESULTS The majority of the literature reviewed here suggests that typical, moderate caffeine consumption in children and adolescents is relatively safe, but that higher doses of caffeine consumption (>400 mg) can cause physiological, psychological, and behavioral harm, in particular in subgroups of children, such as those with psychiatric or cardiac conditions. More attention is being paid to the potential adverse effects of both acute and chronic caffeine use, and additional regulations surrounding the sale and marketing of highly caffeinated beverages are now being considered. CONCLUSION More research is needed to fill in gaps in our knowledge, including understanding the relationship between caffeine use and initiation of other substances, such as cigarettes, alcohol, or marijuana, identifying individuals at risk for caffeine toxicity, and developing harm-reduction strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Temple
- School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, NY.
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30
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Werneck AO, Vancampfort D, Oyeyemi AL, Stubbs B, Silva DR. Associations between TV viewing, sitting time, physical activity and insomnia among 100,839 Brazilian adolescents. Psychiatry Res 2018; 269:700-706. [PMID: 30273895 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2018.08.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Revised: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Our aim was to examine the relationship between insomnia and levels of physical activity (PA) and time spent sitting and TV viewing among Brazilian adolescents. Data from the Brazilian Scholar Health Survey, a nationally representative survey of 9th grade adolescents [mean: 14.28 years (range: 11-18 years)] conducted in 2015 (n = 100,839) were used. Self-reported insomnia, TV viewing, sitting time and total PA (adapted International PA Questionnaire) were collected. Chronological age, race, type of city (capital or interior) country region, goodies ingestion and ultra-processed foods ingestion were covariates. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to assess the associations. A higher sitting time and TV viewing (≥8 h/day) was associated with a higher risk of insomnia among boys [sitting time: OR = 2.39 (95%CI = 1.88-3.04); TV:OR = 2.49(95%CI = 1.92-3.22) and girls [sitting time: OR = 2.17(95%CI = 1.84-2.57; TV:OR = 1.72(95%CI = 1.44-2.04)]. More than 4 h of sitting time per day was associated with higher risk of insomnia in adolescents who comply [boys: OR = 1.43(95%CI = 1.19-1.73); girls: OR = 1.66(95%CI = 1.41-1.94)] and who do not comply with the 300 min/week of physical activity recommendation [boys = OR = 1.35(95%CI = 1.13-1.60); girls: OR = 1.38(95%CI = 1.20-1.57)]. Our data suggest that higher levels of TV viewing or sitting are associated with sleep difficulties in this large cohort of adolescents, irrespective of their physical activity behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- André O Werneck
- Study and Research Group in Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise (GEPEMENE), State University of Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, km 380, 86057-970 Londrina, Parana, Brazil.
| | - Davy Vancampfort
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Adewale L Oyeyemi
- Department of Physiotherapy, College of Medical Sciences, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria
| | - Brendon Stubbs
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, UK; South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Danilo R Silva
- Departament of Physical Education, Federal University of Sergipe - UFS, São Cristóvão, Brazil
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31
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Smith AP, Richards G. Energy drinks, caffeine, junk food, breakfast, depression and academic attainment of secondary school students. J Psychopharmacol 2018; 32:893-899. [PMID: 29947575 DOI: 10.1177/0269881118783314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Energy drinks are widely consumed, and concerns have been raised about possible negative outcomes. AIMS The aim of the present research was to examine associations between consumption of energy drinks, caffeine and junk food, and academic attainment in a sample of UK secondary school students. METHODS A total of 3071 students agreed to participate in the study; 2677 completed the survey on one occasion (52.4% female, 47.6% male; approximately 20% of the sample from each school year) and 1660 (49.6% female, 50.4% male) completed the survey a second time, approximately six months later. The academic attainment measure was based on Key Stage 3 and Key Stage 4 grades for Maths and English. RESULTS In the cross-sectional analyses, logistic regressions showed that consumption of energy drinks was associated with a greater likelihood of being in the low academic achievement group. This was not found for other sources of caffeine. The effect of energy drinks was still significant when demographic, academic and health/lifestyle variables were covaried. However, inclusion of an unhealthy diet variable (junk food) removed the significant effect of energy drinks. Similar observations were made in the longitudinal study, with the poorer attainment of those who consumed energy drinks reflecting breakfast omission and depression. DISCUSSION The present findings indicate that consumption of energy drinks is associated with an increased likelihood of poor academic attainment that reflects energy drink consumption being part of an unhealthy diet or being associated with skipping breakfast rather than a more specific effect, such as being a source of caffeine. Although the current study extends previous research by utilising a longitudinal design, intervention studies are now required to better answer questions relating to causality and direction of effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew P Smith
- 1 Centre for Occupational & Health Psychology, Cardiff University, UK
| | - Gareth Richards
- 1 Centre for Occupational & Health Psychology, Cardiff University, UK.,2 Centre for Research on Play in Education, Development & Learning, University of Cambridge, UK
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32
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Santangelo B, Lapolla R, Rutigliano I, Pettoello Mantovani M, Campanozzi A. Nearly half of the adolescents in an Italian school-based study exceeded the recommended upper limits for daily caffeine consumption. Acta Paediatr 2018; 107:1055-1059. [PMID: 29512222 DOI: 10.1111/apa.14277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Revised: 12/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM No data are available on caffeine consumption among Italian adolescents. We investigated caffeine intake from coffee, soft drinks and energy drinks in a sample of Italian adolescents and determined if they exceeded the recommended limits. METHODS The study comprised 1213 adolescents with a mean age of 15.1 years (range 12-19) from four schools in Foggia, southern Italy. Caffeine intake was assessed using an anonymous self-reported questionnaire during the 2013/2014 school year. We calculated the percentage of daily caffeine consumers, their mean intake of caffeine from beverages and the contribution of each beverage category to the total caffeine intake. RESULTS Approximately 76% of the sample consumed caffeine every day, amounting to 125.5 ± 69.2 mg/day and 2.1 ± 1.2 mg/kg/day. When we applied the reference values from the Academy of Pediatrics, we found that 46% of the adolescents exceeded the recommended upper limits. Coffee was the most frequently consumed caffeinated drink and the main contributor to daily caffeine intake. CONCLUSION More than three quarters (76%) of the Italian adolescents in our study drank coffee on a daily basis and nearly half (46%) exceeded the recommended upper limits. Strategies are needed to reduce caffeine consumption by adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Santangelo
- Pediatrics; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences; University of Foggia; Foggia Italy
| | - Rosa Lapolla
- Pediatrics; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences; University of Foggia; Foggia Italy
| | - Irene Rutigliano
- Pediatrics; IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza; San Giovanni Rotondo Italy
| | - Massimo Pettoello Mantovani
- Pediatrics; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences; University of Foggia; Foggia Italy
- Pediatrics; IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza; San Giovanni Rotondo Italy
| | - Angelo Campanozzi
- Pediatrics; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences; University of Foggia; Foggia Italy
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de Zambotti M, Goldstone A, Colrain IM, Baker FC. Insomnia disorder in adolescence: Diagnosis, impact, and treatment. Sleep Med Rev 2018; 39:12-24. [PMID: 28974427 PMCID: PMC5931364 DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2017.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Revised: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Insomnia disorder is very common in adolescents; it is particularly manifest in older adolescents and girls, with a prevalence comparable to that of other major psychiatric disorders (e.g., depressive disorders). However, insomnia disorder in adolescence is poorly characterized, under-recognized, under-diagnosed, and under-treated, and the reason for the female preponderance for insomnia that emerges after puberty is largely unknown. Insomnia disorder goes beyond an individual complaint of poor sleep or a sleep state misperception, and there is emerging evidence supporting the association of insomnia symptoms in adolescents with alterations in several bio-systems including functional cortical alterations and systemic inflammation. Insomnia disorder is associated with depression and other psychiatric disorders, and is an independent risk factor for suicidality and substance use in adolescents, raising the possibility that treating insomnia symptoms in early adolescence may reduce risk for these adverse outcomes. Cognitive behavioral treatments have proven efficacy for adolescent insomnia and online methods seem to offer promising cost-effective options. Current evidence indicates that insomnia in adolescence is an independent entity that warrants attention as a public health concern in its own right.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aimee Goldstone
- Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - Ian M Colrain
- Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA, USA; Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Fiona C Baker
- Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA, USA; Brain Function Research Group, School of Physiology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Blake MJ, Trinder JA, Allen NB. Mechanisms underlying the association between insomnia, anxiety, and depression in adolescence: Implications for behavioral sleep interventions. Clin Psychol Rev 2018; 63:25-40. [PMID: 29879564 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2018.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Revised: 05/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
There is robust evidence of an association between insomnia, anxiety, and depression in adolescence. The aim of this review is to describe and synthesize potential mechanisms underlying this association and explore implications for the design of adolescent behavioral sleep interventions. Specifically, we examine whether insomnia symptoms are a mechanism for the development of internalizing symptoms in adolescence and whether sleep interventions are an effective treatment for both insomnia and internalizing symptoms in adolescence because they target the shared mechanisms underlying these disorders. Research using different methodologies points to the role of sequential, parallel, and interacting mechanisms. In this paper, we review a wide range of relevant biological (i.e., polymorphisms and dysregulation in serotonin, dopamine, and circadian clock genes; alterations in corticolimbic and mesolimbic brain circuits; cortisol reactivity to stress; inflammatory cytokine dysregulation; biased memory consolidation; changes in sleep architecture), psychological (i.e., cognitive inflexibility, interpretational biases, judgment biases, negative attribution styles, worry, rumination, biased attention to threat, dysfunctional beliefs and attitudes about sleep, misperception of sleep deficit), and social mechanisms (i.e., reduced and impaired social interactions, unhelpful parenting behaviors, family stress) and propose an integrative multilevel model of how these phenomena may interact to increase vulnerability to both insomnia and internalizing disorders. Several 'biopsychosocial' mechanisms hold promise as viable treatment targets for adolescent behavioral sleep interventions, which may reduce both insomnia and internalizing symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Blake
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia.
| | - John A Trinder
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia.
| | - Nicholas B Allen
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia; Department of Psychology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403-1227, USA.
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Use of an Online Extraction Technique Coupled to Liquid Chromatography for Determination of Caffeine in Coffee, Tea, and Cocoa. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-018-1247-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Self-report surveys of student sleep and well-being: a review of use in the context of school start times. Sleep Health 2017; 3:498-507. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sleh.2017.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Williamson AA, Rubens SL, Patrick KE, Moore M, Mindell JA. Differences in Sleep Patterns and Problems by Race in a Clinical Sample of Black and White Preschoolers. J Clin Sleep Med 2017; 13:1281-1288. [PMID: 28992828 DOI: 10.5664/jcsm.6798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES Community-based research indicates that Black preschoolers tend to have more bedtime difficulties and are at higher risk for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) compared to White preschoolers. This study examined differences in sleep patterns and problems by race among a clinical sample of Black and White preschoolers at an outpatient sleep clinic. METHODS Data were collected from electronic medical records for 125 children ages 2-5 years (mean = 3.37 years, 64.0% White, 36.0% Black; 59.2% male) presenting at a pediatric sleep clinic in an academic medical center. Neighborhood income data were based on ZIP codes entered into the United States Census Bureau's American Fact Finder. RESULTS Black patients (51.1%) were significantly more likely than White patients (20.0%) to bed-share with a caregiver (χ2 = 12.99, P ≤ .001). There were no other significant differences in presenting sleep patterns (bed/wake times, sleep onset latency, naps, night awakenings, or sleep opportunity). Logistic regressions showed that White patients were more likely to present with difficulty falling/staying asleep and receive an insomnia diagnosis, and Black patients were more likely to present with OSA-related concerns and receive a diagnosis of suspected OSA, even when controlling for relevant sociodemographic covariates. CONCLUSIONS In contrast to community-based research, Black and White children showed similar sleep patterns. However, there were differences by race in referral questions and diagnoses. Findings suggest the need to consider caregiver perceptions and other sociocultural factors that may contribute to differential rates of presentation for sleep services, as well as potential health disparities in this regard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariel A Williamson
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | | | | | - Melisa Moore
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jodi A Mindell
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Saint Joseph's University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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Kim SY, Sim S, Choi HG. High stress, lack of sleep, low school performance, and suicide attempts are associated with high energy drink intake in adolescents. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0187759. [PMID: 29135989 PMCID: PMC5685612 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0187759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Although an association between energy drinks and suicide has been suggested, few prior studies have considered the role of emotional factors including stress, sleep, and school performance in adolescents. This study aimed to evaluate the association of energy drinks with suicide, independent of possible confounders including stress, sleep, and school performance. Methods In total, 121,106 adolescents with 13–18 years olds from the 2014 and 2015 Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey were surveyed for age, sex, region of residence, economic level, paternal and maternal education level, sleep time, stress level, school performance, frequency of energy drink intake, and suicide attempts. Subjective stress levels were classified into severe, moderate, mild, a little, and no stress. Sleep time was divided into 6 groups: < 6 h; 6 ≤ h < 7; 7 ≤ h < 8; 8 ≤ h < 9; and ≥ 9 h. School performance was classified into 5 levels: A (highest), B (middle, high), C (middle), D (middle, low), and E (lowest). Frequency of energy drink consumption was divided into 3 groups: ≥ 3, 1–2, and 0 times a week. The associations of sleep time, stress level, and school performance with suicide attempts and the frequency of energy drink intake were analyzed using multiple and ordinal logistic regression analysis, respectively, with complex sampling. The relationship between frequency of energy drink intake and suicide attempts was analyzed using multiple logistic regression analysis with complex sampling. Results Higher stress levels, lack of sleep, and low school performance were significantly associated with suicide attempts (each P < 0.001). These variables of high stress level, abnormal sleep time, and low school performance were also proportionally related with higher energy drink intake (P < 0.001). Frequent energy drink intake was significantly associated with suicide attempts in multiple logistic regression analyses (AOR for frequency of energy intake ≥ 3 times a week = 3.03, 95% CI = 2.64–3.49, P < 0.001). Conclusion Severe stress, inadequate sleep, and low school performance were related with more energy drink intake and suicide attempts in Korean adolescents. Frequent energy drink intake was positively related with suicide attempts, even after adjusting for stress, sleep time, and school performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Young Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Songyong Sim
- Department of Statistics, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Hyo Geun Choi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, Korea
- * E-mail:
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Owens H, Christian B, Polivka B. Sleep behaviors in traditional‐age college students. J Am Assoc Nurse Pract 2017; 29:695-703. [DOI: 10.1002/2327-6924.12520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Revised: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Kuwada A, Mohri I, Asano R, Matsuzawa S, Kato-Nishimura K, Hirata I, Mitsuhosi T, Kagitani-Shimono K, Nakanishi M, Tachibana M, Ohno Y, Taniike M. Japanese Sleep Questionnaire for Elementary Schoolers (JSQ-ES): validation and population-based score distribution. Sleep Med 2017; 41:69-77. [PMID: 29425580 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2017.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Revised: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The Japanese Sleep Questionnaire for Elementary Schoolers (JSQ-ES) was developed to measure the sleep habits and disturbances of Japanese children. The current study aimed to present psychometric properties and describe the score distribution of the JSQ-ES. In addition, it examined correlations between the sleep and daytime behavior of school-aged children. METHOD Guardians of 4369 elementary school children and 100 children diagnosed with sleep disorders in two clinics completed the JSQ-ES. RESULTS Exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis suggested a nine-factor structure. The JSQ-ES internal consistency was 0.876 and 0.907 for the community and clinical groups, respectively. Score distribution differences were observed between the two groups. A cut-off point of 80 was identified for the total JSQ-ES score. CONCLUSIONS Exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis suggested a nine-factor structure: (1) restless legs syndrome; (2) sleep-disordered breathing; (3) morning symptoms; (4) nighttime awakenings; (5) insomnia; (6) excessive daytime sleepiness; (7) daytime behavior; (8) sleep habits; and (9) irregular/delayed sleep phase. The study verified that the JSQ-ES is a valid and reliable instrument with which to evaluate Japanese sleep habits using a large population-based sample. The JSQ-ES may be useful in both clinical and academic settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayano Kuwada
- Department of Child Development, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan; Department of Pediatrics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ikuko Mohri
- Department of Child Development, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan; Department of Pediatrics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Ryosuke Asano
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Literature, Kurume University, Kurume, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shigeyuki Matsuzawa
- Department of Child Development, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan; Department of Pediatrics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Ikuko Hirata
- Department of Child Development, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan; Department of Pediatrics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takashi Mitsuhosi
- Department of Child Development, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kuriko Kagitani-Shimono
- Department of Child Development, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan; Department of Pediatrics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Mariko Nakanishi
- Department of Child Development, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan; Department of Pediatrics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masaya Tachibana
- Department of Child Development, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan; Department of Pediatrics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuko Ohno
- Ota Memorial Sleep Center, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Masako Taniike
- Department of Child Development, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan; Department of Pediatrics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
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Marmorstein NR. Interactions Between Energy Drink Consumption and Sleep Problems: Associations with Alcohol Use Among Young Adolescents. JOURNAL OF CAFFEINE RESEARCH 2017; 7:111-116. [PMID: 28875062 PMCID: PMC5582584 DOI: 10.1089/jcr.2017.0007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Background: Energy drink consumption and sleep problems are both associated with alcohol use among adolescents. In addition, caffeine consumption (including energy drinks) is associated with sleep problems. However, information about how these three constructs may interact is limited. The goal of this study was to examine potential interactions between energy drink consumption and sleep problems in the concurrent prediction of alcohol use among young adolescents. Coffee and soda consumption were also examined for comparison. Methods: Participants from the Camden Youth Development Study were included (n = 127; mean age = 13.1; 68% Hispanic, 29% African American) and questionnaire measures of frequency of caffeinated beverage consumption (energy drinks, coffee, and soda), sleep (initial insomnia, sleep disturbances, daytime fatigue, and sleep duration), and alcohol consumption were used. Regression analyses were conducted to examine interactions between caffeinated beverage consumption and sleep in the concurrent prediction of alcohol use. Results: Energy drink consumption interacted with initial insomnia and daytime fatigue to concurrently predict particularly frequent alcohol use among those with either of these sleep-related problems and energy drink consumption. The pattern of results for coffee consumption was similar for insomnia but reached only a trend level of significance. Results of analyses examining soda consumption were nonsignificant. Conclusions: Young adolescents who both consume energy drinks and experience initial insomnia and/or daytime fatigue are at particularly high risk for alcohol use. Coffee consumption appears to be associated with similar patterns. Longitudinal research is needed to explain the developmental pathways by which these associations emerge, as well as mediators and moderators of these associations.
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Turley KR, Rivas JD, Townsend JR, Morton AB. Effects of Caffeine on Heart Rate Variability in Boys. JOURNAL OF CAFFEINE RESEARCH 2017. [DOI: 10.1089/jcr.2016.0028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth R. Turley
- Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Exercise and Sport Sciences, Harding University, Searcy, Arkansas
| | - Joey D. Rivas
- Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Exercise and Sport Sciences, Harding University, Searcy, Arkansas
| | - Jeremy R. Townsend
- Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Exercise and Sport Sciences, Harding University, Searcy, Arkansas
| | - Aaron B. Morton
- Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Exercise and Sport Sciences, Harding University, Searcy, Arkansas
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Temple JL, Bernard C, Lipshultz SE, Czachor JD, Westphal JA, Mestre MA. The Safety of Ingested Caffeine: A Comprehensive Review. Front Psychiatry 2017; 8:80. [PMID: 28603504 PMCID: PMC5445139 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2017.00080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 235] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Caffeine is the most widely consumed psychoactive drug in the world. Natural sources of caffeine include coffee, tea, and chocolate. Synthetic caffeine is also added to products to promote arousal, alertness, energy, and elevated mood. Over the past decade, the introduction of new caffeine-containing food products, as well as changes in consumption patterns of the more traditional sources of caffeine, has increased scrutiny by health authorities and regulatory bodies about the overall consumption of caffeine and its potential cumulative effects on behavior and physiology. Of particular concern is the rate of caffeine intake among populations potentially vulnerable to the negative effects of caffeine consumption: pregnant and lactating women, children and adolescents, young adults, and people with underlying heart or other health conditions, such as mental illness. Here, we review the research into the safety and safe doses of ingested caffeine in healthy and in vulnerable populations. We report that, for healthy adults, caffeine consumption is relatively safe, but that for some vulnerable populations, caffeine consumption could be harmful, including impairments in cardiovascular function, sleep, and substance use. We also identified several gaps in the literature on which we based recommendations for the future of caffeine research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L. Temple
- Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
- Department of Community Health and Health Behavior, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | | | - Steven E. Lipshultz
- Wayne State University School of Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Michigan, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Jason D. Czachor
- Wayne State University School of Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Michigan, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Joslyn A. Westphal
- Wayne State University School of Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Michigan, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Miriam A. Mestre
- Wayne State University School of Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Michigan, Detroit, MI, USA
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Watson EJ, Banks S, Coates AM, Kohler MJ. The Relationship Between Caffeine, Sleep, and Behavior in Children. J Clin Sleep Med 2017; 13:533-543. [PMID: 28162144 DOI: 10.5664/jcsm.6536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES To examine caffeine consumption from various dietary sources in a cohort of Australian children and the relationship between caffeine consumption, sleep, and daytime behavior. METHODS Children aged 8 to 12 years and their parents/guardians completed a battery of questionnaires. Children completed a caffeine questionnaire while parents completed questionnaires regarding demographics, sleep, and behavior. RESULTS The final sample consisted of 309 children (mean ± standard deviation [SD] age 10.6 ± 1.3 years, male = 48%) and corresponding parent reports. On average a mean ± SD 10.2 ± 17.4 mg/day of caffeine was consumed with a range of zero to 151 mg/day. Of the children who consumed caffeine (87% of the sample), the largest contributor was coffee and tea; making up 41% of total caffeine intake, and sodas (soft drinks) contributed to 40% of caffeine intake. Total caffeine consumption was significantly associated with sleep routine (r = 0.152); morning tiredness (r = 0.129); restless sleep (r = 0.113); and internalizing behavioral problems (r = 0.128). Using path analysis, caffeine consumption was positively associated with morning tiredness (β = 0.111, P = .050) which was positively associated with internalizing behaviors (β = 0.432, P < .001). The addition of sleep routine and restless sleep to the model led to a complete mediation of caffeine consumption on morning tiredness, as well as a partial mediation of the association between morning tiredness and internal behaviors. CONCLUSIONS In 8- to 12-year-olds the primary sources of caffeine are coffee/tea and sodas. Overall mean caffeine consumption is small by adult standards but has an effect on behavior and sleep in children. The effect on behavior is mediated by disrupted sleep, indicating that caffeine is a contributor to sleep problems and related behavior in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily J Watson
- Centre for Sleep Research, School of Psychology, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Siobhan Banks
- Centre for Sleep Research, School of Psychology, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Alison M Coates
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity, School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Mark J Kohler
- Centre for Sleep Research, School of Psychology, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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45
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Gender differences in sleep hygiene practices and sleep quality in New Zealand adolescents aged 15 to 17 years. Sleep Health 2017; 3:77-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sleh.2017.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2016] [Revised: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Jun N, Lee A, Baik I. Associations of Caffeinated Beverage Consumption and Screen Time with Excessive Daytime Sleepiness in Korean High School Students. Clin Nutr Res 2017; 6:55-60. [PMID: 28168182 PMCID: PMC5288553 DOI: 10.7762/cnr.2017.6.1.55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Revised: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated caffeinated beverage consumption and screen time in the association with excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) and sleep duration. We conducted a cross-sectional study including 249 Korean male high school students. These participants responded to a questionnaire inquiring the information on lifestyle factors, consumption of caffeinated beverages, time spent for screen media, and sleep duration as well as to the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) questionnaire. EDS was defined as ESS scores of 9 or greater. Students with EDS consumed greater amount of chocolate/cocoa drinks and spent longer time for a TV and a mobile phone than those without EDS (p < 0.05). In addition, students with short sleep (≤ 6 hours) consumed greater amount of coffee than others whereas students with long sleep (> 8 hours) consumed greater amount of chocolate/cocoa drinks than others (p < 0.05). Screen time did not differ according to the categories of sleep duration. Although these findings do not support causal relationships, they suggest that screen time is associated with EDS, but not with sleep duration, and that consumption of certain types of caffeinated beverages is associated with EDS and sleep duration. Adolescents may need to reduce screen time and caffeine consumption to improve sleep quality and avoid daytime sleepiness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuri Jun
- Department of Foods and Nutrition, College of Natural Sciences, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Korea
| | - Aeri Lee
- Department of Foods and Nutrition, College of Natural Sciences, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Korea
| | - Inkyung Baik
- Department of Foods and Nutrition, College of Natural Sciences, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Korea
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Sui Z, Zheng M, Zhang M, Rangan A. Water and Beverage Consumption: Analysis of the Australian 2011-2012 National Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey. Nutrients 2016; 8:nu8110678. [PMID: 27792184 PMCID: PMC5133066 DOI: 10.3390/nu8110678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Revised: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Water consumption as a vital component of the human diet is under-researched in dietary surveys and nutrition studies. Aim: To assess total water and fluid intakes and examine demographic, anthropometric, and dietary factors associated with water consumption in the Australian population. Methods: Dietary intake data from the 2011 to 2012 National Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey were used. Usual water, fluid and food and nutrient intakes were estimated from two days of dietary recalls. Total water includes plain drinking water and moisture from all food and beverage sources; total fluids include plain drinking water and other beverages, but not food moisture. Results: The mean (SD) daily total water intakes for children and adolescents aged 2–18 years were 1.7 (0.6) L for males and 1.5 (0.4) L for females, and for adults aged 19 years and over were 2.6 (0.9) L for males and 2.3 (0.7) L for females. The majority of the population failed to meet the Adequate Intake (AI) values for total water intake (82%) and total fluids intake (78%) with the elderly at highest risk (90%–95%). The contributions of plain drinking water, other beverages and food moisture to total water intake were 44%, 27%, and 29%, respectively, among children and adolescents, and 37%, 37% and 25% among adults. The main sources of other beverages were full-fat plain milk and regular soft drinks for children and adolescents, and tea, coffee, and alcoholic drinks for adults. For adults, higher total water intake was associated with lower percent energy from fat, saturated fat, and free sugars, lower sodium and energy-dense nutrient poor food intakes but higher dietary fibre, fruit, vegetable, caffeine, and alcohol intakes. No associations were found between total water consumption and body mass index (BMI) for adults and BMI z-score for children and adolescents. Conclusion: Reported water consumption was below recommendations. Higher water intakes were suggestive of better diet quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixian Sui
- Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Camperdown 2006, NSW, Australia.
| | - Miaobing Zheng
- Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Camperdown 2006, NSW, Australia.
| | - Man Zhang
- Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Camperdown 2006, NSW, Australia.
| | - Anna Rangan
- Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Camperdown 2006, NSW, Australia.
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Visram S, Cheetham M, Riby DM, Crossley SJ, Lake AA. Consumption of energy drinks by children and young people: a rapid review examining evidence of physical effects and consumer attitudes. BMJ Open 2016; 6:e010380. [PMID: 27855083 PMCID: PMC5073652 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2015-010380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine patterns of energy drink consumption by children and young people, attitudes towards these drinks, and any associations with health or other outcomes. DESIGN Rapid evidence assessment and narrative synthesis. DATA SOURCES 9 electronic bibliographic databases, reference lists of relevant studies and searches of the internet. RESULTS A total of 410 studies were located, with 46 meeting the inclusion criteria. The majority employed a cross-sectional design, involved participants aged 11-18 years, and were conducted in North America or Europe. Consumption of energy drinks by children and young people was found to be patterned by gender, with boys consuming more than girls, and also by activity levels, with the highest consumption observed in the most and least sedentary individuals. Several studies identified a strong, positive association between the use of energy drinks and higher odds of health-damaging behaviours, as well as physical health symptoms such as headaches, stomach aches, hyperactivity and insomnia. There was some evidence of a dose-response effect. 2 experimental studies involving small numbers of junior athletes demonstrated a positive impact on limited aspects of sports performance. 3 themes emerged from the qualitative studies: reasons for use; influences on use; and perceived efficacy and impact. Taste and energy-seeking were identified as key drivers, and branding and marketing were highlighted as major influences on young people's consumption choices. Awareness of possible negative effects was low. CONCLUSIONS There is growing evidence that consumption of energy drinks is associated with a range of adverse outcomes and risk behaviours in terms of children's health and well-being. However, taste, brand loyalty and perceived positive effects combine to ensure their popularity with young consumers. More research is needed to explore the short-term and long-term impacts in all spheres, including health, behaviour and education. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42014010192.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelina Visram
- School of Medicine, Pharmacy and Health, Durham University Queen's Campus, Stockton-on-Tees, UK
- Fuse (UKCRC Centre for Translational Research in Public Health), Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
| | - Mandy Cheetham
- Fuse (UKCRC Centre for Translational Research in Public Health), Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
- School of Health and Social Care, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, UK
| | | | - Stephen J Crossley
- School of Medicine, Pharmacy and Health, Durham University Queen's Campus, Stockton-on-Tees, UK
| | - Amelia A Lake
- School of Medicine, Pharmacy and Health, Durham University Queen's Campus, Stockton-on-Tees, UK
- Fuse (UKCRC Centre for Translational Research in Public Health), Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
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49
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Zhang J, Chan NY, Lam SP, Li SX, Liu Y, Chan JWY, Kong APS, Ma RCW, Chan KCC, Li AM, Wing YK. Emergence of Sex Differences in Insomnia Symptoms in Adolescents: A Large-Scale School-Based Study. Sleep 2016; 39:1563-70. [PMID: 27091537 DOI: 10.5665/sleep.6022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES This study aimed to explore the moderation of pubertal status on the onset of sex differences in the prevalence of insomnia symptoms and their health correlates. METHODS A total of 7,507 children and adolescents (weighted percentage of female: 48.5%) aged between 6-17 y were recruited from thirty-one primary and secondary schools. Participants with difficulty initiating sleep (DIS), difficulty maintaining sleep (DMS), and/or early morning awakening (EMA) ≥ 3 times/week in the past month were considered as having insomnia symptoms. The severity of insomnia was measured by the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI). RESULTS The prevalence of insomnia symptoms increased from 3.4% to 12.2% in girls (3.6-fold) and from 4.3% to 9.1% in boys (2.1-fold) from Tanner stage 1 to 5. There was a significant interaction between sex and Tanner stage in the prevalence of insomnia (P < 0.001) with an emergence of female preponderance at Tanner stage 4 even after controlling for age, family income, and school start time. Similar sex-Tanner stage interactions were found in DIS, DMS, and ISI total score but not EMA. Insomnia symptoms were strongly associated with behavioral problems, poor mental health, and poor general health in both sexes. Boys with insomnia would report more maladaptive lifestyles (smoking, alcohol, and energy drinks) whereas girls with insomnia were more susceptible to emotional and relationship difficulties. CONCLUSIONS Pubertal maturation was associated with a progressive increase in the prevalence of insomnia symptoms with the emergence of female preponderance in both the prevalence and severity of insomnia symptoms at late puberty. CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION Chinese Clinical Trial Register, http://www.chictr.org.cn, ID: ChiCTR-TRC-12002798.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihui Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ngan Yin Chan
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Siu Ping Lam
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Shirley Xin Li
- Department of Psychology, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yaping Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Joey W Y Chan
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Alice Pik Shan Kong
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ronald C W Ma
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kate C C Chan
- Department of Paediatrics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Albert Martin Li
- Department of Paediatrics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yun-Kwok Wing
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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50
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Martini D, Del Bo' C, Tassotti M, Riso P, Del Rio D, Brighenti F, Porrini M. Coffee Consumption and Oxidative Stress: A Review of Human Intervention Studies. Molecules 2016; 21:E979. [PMID: 27483219 PMCID: PMC6274123 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21080979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Revised: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Research on the potential protective effects of coffee and its bioactives (caffeine, chlorogenic acids and diterpenes) against oxidative stress and related chronic disease risk has been increasing in the last years. The present review summarizes the main findings on the effect of coffee consumption on protection against lipid, protein and DNA damage, as well as on the modulation of antioxidant capacity and antioxidant enzymes in human studies. Twenty-six dietary intervention studies (involving acute and chronic coffee intake) have been considered. Overall, the results suggest that coffee consumption can increase glutathione levels and improve protection against DNA damage, especially following regular/repeated intake. On the contrary, the effects of coffee on plasma antioxidant capacity and antioxidant enzymes, as well as on protein and lipid damage, are unclear following both acute and chronic exposure. The high heterogeneity in terms of type of coffee, doses and duration of the studies, the lack of information on coffee and/or brew bioactive composition, as well as the choice of biomarkers and the methods used for their evaluation, may partially explain the variability observed among findings. More robust and well-controlled intervention studies are necessary for a thorough understanding of the effect of coffee on oxidative stress markers in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Martini
- LS9 Interlab Group, The Laboratory of Phytochemicals in Physiology, Department of Food Science, University of Parma, Medical School Building C, Via Volturno 39, 43125 Parma, Italy.
| | - Cristian Del Bo'
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Division of Human Nutrition, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via G. Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy.
| | - Michele Tassotti
- LS9 Interlab Group, The Laboratory of Phytochemicals in Physiology, Department of Food Science, University of Parma, Medical School Building C, Via Volturno 39, 43125 Parma, Italy.
| | - Patrizia Riso
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Division of Human Nutrition, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via G. Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy.
| | - Daniele Del Rio
- LS9 Interlab Group, The Laboratory of Phytochemicals in Physiology, Department of Food Science, University of Parma, Medical School Building C, Via Volturno 39, 43125 Parma, Italy.
| | - Furio Brighenti
- LS9 Interlab Group, The Laboratory of Phytochemicals in Physiology, Department of Food Science, University of Parma, Medical School Building C, Via Volturno 39, 43125 Parma, Italy.
| | - Marisa Porrini
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Division of Human Nutrition, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via G. Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy.
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