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Qin L, Deng YN, Zhang XY, Tang LH, Zhang CR, Xu SM, Wang K, Wang MH, Zhang XH, Su M, Xie Q, Hendrickson WA, Chen YH. Mechanistic insights into phosphoactivation of SLAC1 in guard cell signaling. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2323040121. [PMID: 38985761 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2323040121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Stomata in leaves regulate gas (carbon dioxide and water vapor) exchange and water transpiration between plants and the atmosphere. SLow Anion Channel 1 (SLAC1) mediates anion efflux from guard cells and plays a crucial role in controlling stomatal aperture. It serves as a central hub for multiple signaling pathways in response to environmental stimuli, with its activity regulated through phosphorylation via various plant protein kinases. However, the molecular mechanism underlying SLAC1 phosphoactivation has remained elusive. Through a combination of protein sequence analyses, AlphaFold-based modeling and electrophysiological studies, we unveiled that the highly conserved motifs on the N- and C-terminal segments of SLAC1 form a cytosolic regulatory domain (CRD) that interacts with the transmembrane domain(TMD), thereby maintaining the channel in an autoinhibited state. Mutations in these conserved motifs destabilize the CRD, releasing autoinhibition in SLAC1 and enabling its transition into an activated state. Our further studies demonstrated that SLAC1 activation undergoes an autoinhibition-release process and subsequent structural changes in the pore helices. These findings provide mechanistic insights into the activation mechanism of SLAC1 and shed light on understanding how SLAC1 controls stomatal closure in response to environmental stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ya-Nan Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiang-Yun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ling-Hui Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chun-Rui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shi-Min Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ke Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Mei-Hua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xian-Hui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Min Su
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qi Xie
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Maize, State Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, Syngenta Group China, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Wayne A Hendrickson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032
| | - Yu-Hang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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2
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Bohn L, Huang J, Weidig S, Yang Z, Heidersberger C, Genty B, Falter-Braun P, Christmann A, Grill E. The temperature sensor TWA1 is required for thermotolerance in Arabidopsis. Nature 2024; 629:1126-1132. [PMID: 38750356 PMCID: PMC11136664 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07424-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Plants exposed to incidences of excessive temperatures activate heat-stress responses to cope with the physiological challenge and stimulate long-term acclimation1,2. The mechanism that senses cellular temperature for inducing thermotolerance is still unclear3. Here we show that TWA1 is a temperature-sensing transcriptional co-regulator that is needed for basal and acquired thermotolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana. At elevated temperatures, TWA1 changes its conformation and allows physical interaction with JASMONATE-ASSOCIATED MYC-LIKE (JAM) transcription factors and TOPLESS (TPL) and TOPLESS-RELATED (TPR) proteins for repressor complex assembly. TWA1 is a predicted intrinsically disordered protein that has a key thermosensory role functioning through an amino-terminal highly variable region. At elevated temperatures, TWA1 accumulates in nuclear subdomains, and physical interactions with JAM2 and TPL appear to be restricted to these nuclear subdomains. The transcriptional upregulation of the heat shock transcription factor A2 (HSFA2) and heat shock proteins depended on TWA1, and TWA1 orthologues provided different temperature thresholds, consistent with the sensor function in early signalling of heat stress. The identification of the plant thermosensors offers a molecular tool for adjusting thermal acclimation responses of crops by breeding and biotechnology, and a sensitive temperature switch for thermogenetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Bohn
- Chair of Botany, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München (TUM), Freising, Germany
| | - Jin Huang
- Chair of Botany, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München (TUM), Freising, Germany
- Chengdu Newsun Crop Science, Chengdu, China
| | - Susan Weidig
- Chair of Botany, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München (TUM), Freising, Germany
| | - Zhenyu Yang
- Chair of Botany, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München (TUM), Freising, Germany
| | - Christoph Heidersberger
- Chair of Botany, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München (TUM), Freising, Germany
| | - Bernard Genty
- Aix-Marseille University, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique (CEA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Biosciences et Biotechnologies Aix-Marseille, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | - Pascal Falter-Braun
- Institute of Network Biology (INET), Molecular Targets and Therapeutics Center (MTTC), Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich, Germany
- Microbe-Host Interactions, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) München, Munich, Germany
| | - Alexander Christmann
- Chair of Botany, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München (TUM), Freising, Germany.
| | - Erwin Grill
- Chair of Botany, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München (TUM), Freising, Germany.
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3
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Iglesias-Moya J, Benítez Á, Segura M, Alonso S, Garrido D, Martínez C, Jamilena M. Structural and functional characterization of genes PYL-PP2C-SnRK2s in the ABA signalling pathway of Cucurbita pepo. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:268. [PMID: 38468207 PMCID: PMC10926676 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-10158-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The core regulation of the abscisic acid (ABA) signalling pathway comprises the multigenic families PYL, PP2C, and SnRK2. In this work, we conducted a genome-wide study of the components of these families in Cucurbita pepo. RESULTS The bioinformatic analysis of the C. pepo genome resulted in the identification of 19 CpPYL, 102 CpPP2C and 10 CpSnRK2 genes. The investigation of gene structure and protein motifs allowed to define 4 PYL, 13 PP2C and 3 SnRK2 subfamilies. RNA-seq analysis was used to determine the expression of these gene families in different plant organs, as well as to detect their differential gene expression during germination, and in response to ABA and cold stress in leaves. The specific tissue expression of some gene members indicated the relevant role of some ABA signalling genes in plant development. Moreover, their differential expression under ABA treatment or cold stress revealed those ABA signalling genes that responded to ABA, and those that were up- or down-regulated in response to cold stress. A reduced number of genes responded to both treatments. Specific PYL-PP2C-SnRK2 genes that had potential roles in germination were also detected, including those regulated early during the imbibition phase, those regulated later during the embryo extension and radicle emergence phase, and those induced or repressed during the whole germination process. CONCLUSIONS The outcomes of this research open new research lines for agriculture and for assessing gene function in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Iglesias-Moya
- Department of Biology and Geology. Agri-food Campus of International Excellence (CeiA3) and Research Center CIAIMBITAL, University of Almería, 04120, Almería, Spain
| | - Álvaro Benítez
- Department of Biology and Geology. Agri-food Campus of International Excellence (CeiA3) and Research Center CIAIMBITAL, University of Almería, 04120, Almería, Spain
| | - María Segura
- Department of Biology and Geology. Agri-food Campus of International Excellence (CeiA3) and Research Center CIAIMBITAL, University of Almería, 04120, Almería, Spain
| | - Sonsoles Alonso
- Department of Biology and Geology. Agri-food Campus of International Excellence (CeiA3) and Research Center CIAIMBITAL, University of Almería, 04120, Almería, Spain
| | - Dolores Garrido
- Department of Plant Physiology. Faculty of Science, University of Granada, 18021, Granada, Spain
| | - Cecilia Martínez
- Department of Biology and Geology. Agri-food Campus of International Excellence (CeiA3) and Research Center CIAIMBITAL, University of Almería, 04120, Almería, Spain.
| | - Manuel Jamilena
- Department of Biology and Geology. Agri-food Campus of International Excellence (CeiA3) and Research Center CIAIMBITAL, University of Almería, 04120, Almería, Spain.
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4
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Zhang T, Bai L, Guo Y. SCAB1 coordinates sequential Ca 2+ and ABA signals during osmotic stress induced stomatal closure in Arabidopsis. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2024; 67:1-18. [PMID: 38153680 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-023-2480-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
Hyperosmotic stress caused by drought is a detrimental threat to plant growth and agricultural productivity due to limited water availability. Stomata are gateways of transpiration and gas exchange, the swift adjustment of stomatal aperture has a strong influence on plant drought resistance. Despite intensive investigations of stomatal closure during drought stress in past decades, little is known about how sequential signals are integrated during complete processes. Here, we discovered that the rapid Ca2+ signaling and subsequent abscisic acid (ABA) signaling contribute to the kinetics of both F-actin reorganizations and stomatal closure in Arabidopsis thaliana, while STOMATAL CLOSURE-RELATED ACTIN BINDING PROTEIN1 (SCAB1) is the molecular switch for this entire process. During the early stage of osmotic shock responses, swift elevated calcium signaling promotes SCAB1 phosphorylation through calcium sensors CALCIUM DEPENDENT PROTEIN KINASE3 (CPK3) and CPK6. The phosphorylation restrained the microfilament binding affinity of SCAB1, which bring about the F-actin disassembly and stomatal closure initiation. As the osmotic stress signal continued, both the kinase activity of CPK3 and the phosphorylation level of SCAB1 attenuated significantly. We further found that ABA signaling is indispensable for these attenuations, which presumably contributed to the actin filament reassembly process as well as completion of stomatal closure. Notably, the dynamic changes of SCAB1 phosphorylation status are crucial for the kinetics of stomatal closure. Taken together, our results support a model in which SCAB1 works as a molecular switch, and directs the microfilament rearrangement through integrating the sequentially generated Ca2+ and ABA signals during osmotic stress induced stomatal closure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianren Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Li Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
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5
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Li C, Zhang H, Qi Y, Zhao Y, Duan C, Wang Y, Meng Z, Zhang Q. Genome-wide identification of PYL/PYR-PP2C (A)-SnRK2 genes in Eutrema and their co-expression analysis in response to ABA and abiotic stresses. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:126701. [PMID: 37673165 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
ABA signaling core components PYR/PYL, group A PP2C and SnRK2 play important roles in various environmental stress responses of plants. This study identified 14 PYR/PYL, 9 PP2C (A), and 10 SnRK2 genes from halophytic Eutrema. Phylogenetic analysis showed 4 EsPYR/PYL, 4 EsPP2C (A) and 3 EsSnRK2 subfamilies characterized, which was supported by their gene structures and protein motifs. Large-scale segmental duplication event was demonstrated to be a major contributor to expansion of the EsPYL-PP2C (A)-SnRK2 gene families. Synteny relationship analysis revealed more orthologous PYL-PP2C (A)-SnRK2 gene pairs located in collinear blocks between Eutrema and Brassica than that between Eutrema and Arabidopsis. RNA-seq and qRT-PCR revealed EsABI1, EsABI2 and EsHAL2 showed a significantly up-regulated expression in leaves and roots in response to ABA, NaCl or cold stress. Three markedly co-expression modules of ABA/R-brown, NaCl/L-lightsteelblue1 and Cold/R-lightgreen were uncovered to contain EsPYL-PP2C (A)-SnRK2 genes by WGCNA analysis. GO and KEGG analysis indicated that the genes of ABA/R-brown module containing EsHAB1, EsHAI2 and EsSnRK2.6 were enriched in proteasome pathway. Further, EsHAI2-OE transgenic Arabidopsis lines showed significantly enhanced seeds germination and seedlings growth. This work provides a new insight for elucidating potential molecular functions of PYL-PP2C (A)-SnRK2 responding to ABA and abiotic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanshun Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Hengyang Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China; Research team of plant pathogen microbiology and immunology, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Yuting Qi
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Yaoyao Zhao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China; Research team of plant pathogen microbiology and immunology, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Chonghao Duan
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China; Research team of plant pathogen microbiology and immunology, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Yujiao Wang
- Research team of plant pathogen microbiology and immunology, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Zhe Meng
- Research team of plant pathogen microbiology and immunology, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China.
| | - Quan Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China; Research team of plant pathogen microbiology and immunology, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China.
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Choi J, Kim H, Suh MC. Disruption of the ABA1 encoding zeaxanthin epoxidase caused defective suberin layers in Arabidopsis seed coats. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1156356. [PMID: 37008500 PMCID: PMC10050373 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1156356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Suberin, a complex polyester deposited in the seed coat outer integument, acts as a hydrophobic barrier to control the movement of water, ions, and gas. However, relatively little is known about the signal transduction involved in suberin layer formation during seed coat development. In this study, the effect of the plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA) on suberin layer formation in seed coats was investigated by characterizing mutations in Arabidopsis related to ABA biosynthesis and signaling. Seed coat permeability to tetrazolium salt was noticeably elevated in aba1-1 and abi1-1 mutants, but not significantly altered in snrk2.2/3/6, abi3-8, abi5-7, and pyr1pyl1pyl2pyl4 quadruple mutants compared with that in the wild-type (WT). ABA1 encodes a zeaxanthin epoxidase that functions in the first step of ABA biosynthesis. aba1-1 and aba1-8 mutant seed coats showed reduced autofluorescence under UV light and increased tetrazolium salt permeability relative to WT levels. ABA1 disruption resulted in decreased total seed coat polyester levels by approximately 3%, with a remarkable reduction in levels of C24:0 ω-hydroxy fatty acids and C24:0 dicarboxylic acids, which are the most abundant aliphatic compounds in seed coat suberin. Consistent with suberin polyester chemical analysis, RT-qPCR analysis showed a significant reduction in transcript levels of KCS17, FAR1, FAR4, FAR5, CYP86A1, CYP86B1, ASFT, GPAT5, LTPG1, LTPG15, ABCG2, ABCG6, ABCG20, ABCG23, MYB9, and MYB107, which are involved in suberin accumulation and regulation in developing aba1-1 and aba1-8 siliques, as compared with WT levels. Together, seed coat suberization is mediated by ABA and partially processed through canonical ABA signaling.
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7
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Bertoldo G, Chiodi C, Della Lucia MC, Borella M, Ravi S, Baglieri A, Lucenti P, Ganasula BK, Mulagala C, Squartini A, Concheri G, Magro F, Campagna G, Stevanato P, Nardi S. Brown Seaweed Extract (BSE) Application Influences Auxin- and ABA-Related Gene Expression, Root Development, and Sugar Yield in Beta vulgaris L. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:843. [PMID: 36840191 PMCID: PMC9965194 DOI: 10.3390/plants12040843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The molecular and phenotypic effects of a brown seaweed extract (BSE) were assessed in sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.). Transcript levels of BSE-treated and untreated plants were studied by RNA-seq and validated by quantitative real-time PCR analysis (RT-qPCR). Root morphology, sugar yield, and processing quality traits were also analyzed to better elucidate the treatment effects. RNA-seq revealed 1019 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the BSE-treated and untreated plants. An adjusted p-value < 0.1 and an absolute value of log2 (fold change) greater than one was used as criteria to select the DEGs. Gene ontology (GO) identified hormone pathways as an enriched biological process. Six DEGs involved in auxin and ABA pathways were validated using RT-qPCR. The phenotypic characterization indicated that BSE treatment led to a significant increase (p < 0.05) in total root length and the length of fine roots of plants grown under hydroponics conditions. The sugar yield of plants grown under field conditions was higher (p < 0.05) in the treated field plots compared with the control treatment, without impacting the processing quality. Our study unveiled the relevant effects of BSE application in regulating auxin- and ABA-related gene expression and critical traits related to sugar beet development and yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Bertoldo
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), Campus of Agripolis, University of Padova, Viale dell’Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy
| | - Claudia Chiodi
- Crop Production and Biostimulation Laboratory, Interfacultary School of Bioengineers, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Campus Plaine CP 245, Bd du Triomphe, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Maria Cristina Della Lucia
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), Campus of Agripolis, University of Padova, Viale dell’Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy
| | - Matteo Borella
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), Campus of Agripolis, University of Padova, Viale dell’Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy
| | - Samathmika Ravi
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), Campus of Agripolis, University of Padova, Viale dell’Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy
| | - Andrea Baglieri
- Dipartimento di Agricoltura Alimentazione e Ambiente (Di3A), Università di Catania, Via S. Sofia 100, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Piergiorgio Lucenti
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), Campus of Agripolis, University of Padova, Viale dell’Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy
| | - Bhargava Krishna Ganasula
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), Campus of Agripolis, University of Padova, Viale dell’Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy
| | - Chandana Mulagala
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), Campus of Agripolis, University of Padova, Viale dell’Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy
| | - Andrea Squartini
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), Campus of Agripolis, University of Padova, Viale dell’Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Concheri
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), Campus of Agripolis, University of Padova, Viale dell’Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy
| | | | - Giovanni Campagna
- CO.PRO.B—Cooperativa Produttori Bieticoli, Via Mora 56, 40061 Minerbio, Italy
| | - Piergiorgio Stevanato
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), Campus of Agripolis, University of Padova, Viale dell’Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy
| | - Serenella Nardi
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), Campus of Agripolis, University of Padova, Viale dell’Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy
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8
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Augstein F, Carlsbecker A. Salinity induces discontinuous protoxylem via a DELLA-dependent mechanism promoting salt tolerance in Arabidopsis seedlings. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 236:195-209. [PMID: 35746821 PMCID: PMC9545557 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Salinity is detrimental to plants and developmental adjustments limiting salt uptake and transport is therefore important for acclimation to high salt. These parameters may be influenced by xylem morphology, however how plant root xylem development is affected by salt stress remains unclear. Using molecular and genetic techniques and detailed phenotypic analyses, we demonstrate that salt causes distinct effects on Arabidopsis seedling root xylem and reveal underlying molecular mechanisms. Salinity causes intermittent inhibition of protoxylem cell differentiation, generating protoxylem gaps, in Arabidopsis and several other eudicot seedlings. The extent of protoxylem gaps in seedlings positively correlates with salt tolerance. Reduced gibberellin signalling is required for protoxylem gap formation. Mutant analyses reveal that the xylem differentiation regulator VASCULAR RELATED NAC DOMAIN 6 (VND6), along with secondary cell wall producing and cell wall modifying enzymes, including EXPANSIN A1 (EXP1), are involved in protoxylem gap formation, in a DELLA-dependent manner. Salt stress is likely to reduce levels of bioactive gibberellins, stabilising DELLAs, which in turn activates multiple factors modifying protoxylem differentiation. Salt stress impacts seedling survival and formation of protoxylem gaps may be a measure to enhance salt tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frauke Augstein
- Department of Organismal Biology, Physiological Botany, and Linnean Centre for Plant BiologyUppsala UniversityUllsv. 24ESE‐756 51UppsalaSweden
| | - Annelie Carlsbecker
- Department of Organismal Biology, Physiological Botany, and Linnean Centre for Plant BiologyUppsala UniversityUllsv. 24ESE‐756 51UppsalaSweden
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9
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Sun Z, Feng Z, Ding Y, Qi Y, Jiang S, Li Z, Wang Y, Qi J, Song C, Yang S, Gong Z. RAF22, ABI1 and OST1 form a dynamic interactive network that optimizes plant growth and responses to drought stress in Arabidopsis. MOLECULAR PLANT 2022; 15:1192-1210. [PMID: 35668674 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2022.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Plants adapt to their ever-changing environment via positive and negative signals induced by environmental stimuli. Drought stress, for instance, induces accumulation of the plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA), triggering ABA signal transduction. However, the molecular mechanisms for switching between plant growth promotion and stress response remain poorly understood. Here we report that RAF (rapidly accelerated fibrosarcoma)-LIKE MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE KINASE KINASE 22 (RAF22) in Arabidopsis thaliana physically interacts with ABA INSENSITIVE 1 (ABI1) and phosphorylates ABI1 at Ser416 residue to enhance its phosphatase activity. Interestingly, ABI1 can also enhance the activity of RAF22 through dephosphorylation, reciprocally inhibiting ABA signaling and promoting the maintenance of plant growth under normal conditions. Under drought stress, however, the ABA-activated OPEN STOMATA1 (OST1) phosphorylates the Ser81 residue of RAF22 and inhibits its kinase activity, restraining its enhancement of ABI1 activity. Taken together, our study reveals that RAF22, ABI1, and OST1 form a dynamic regulatory network that plays crucial roles in optimizing plant growth and environmental adaptation under drought stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihui Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhenkai Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yanglin Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yuanpeng Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Junsheng Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Chunpeng Song
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Crop Stress Biology, Institute of Plant Stress Biology, Henan University, Kaifeng 475001, China
| | - Shuhua Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhizhong Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; School of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding 100193, China.
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10
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Pei D, Hua D, Deng J, Wang Z, Song C, Wang Y, Wang Y, Qi J, Kollist H, Yang S, Guo Y, Gong Z. Phosphorylation of the plasma membrane H+-ATPase AHA2 by BAK1 is required for ABA-induced stomatal closure in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT CELL 2022; 34:2708-2729. [PMID: 35404404 PMCID: PMC9252505 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koac106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Stomatal opening is largely promoted by light-activated plasma membrane-localized proton ATPases (PM H+-ATPases), while their closure is mainly modulated by abscisic acid (ABA) signaling during drought stress. It is unknown whether PM H+-ATPases participate in ABA-induced stomatal closure. We established that BRI1-ASSOCIATED RECEPTOR KINASE 1 (BAK1) interacts with, phosphorylates and activates the major PM Arabidopsis H+-ATPase isoform 2 (AHA2). Detached leaves from aha2-6 single mutant Arabidopsis thaliana plants lost as much water as bak1-4 single and aha2-6 bak1-4 double mutants, with all three mutants losing more water than the wild-type (Columbia-0 [Col-0]). In agreement with these observations, aha2-6, bak1-4, and aha2-6 bak1-4 mutants were less sensitive to ABA-induced stomatal closure than Col-0, whereas the aha2-6 mutation did not affect ABA-inhibited stomatal opening under light conditions. ABA-activated BAK1 phosphorylated AHA2 at Ser-944 in its C-terminus and activated AHA2, leading to rapid H+ efflux, cytoplasmic alkalinization, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, to initiate ABA signal transduction and stomatal closure. The phosphorylation-mimicking mutation AHA2S944D driven by its own promoter could largely compensate for the defective phenotypes of water loss, cytoplasmic alkalinization, and ROS accumulation in both aha2-6 and bak1-4 mutants. Our results uncover a crucial role of AHA2 in cytoplasmic alkalinization and ABA-induced stomatal closure during the plant's response to drought stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Deping Hua
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Jinping Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhifang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Chunpeng Song
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Crop Stress Biology, Institute of Plant Stress Biology, Henan University, Kaifeng 475001, China
| | - Yi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Junsheng Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Hannes Kollist
- Plant Signal Research Group, Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Tartu 50411, Estonia
| | - Shuhua Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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11
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Peng J, Wang M, Wang X, Qi L, Guo C, Li H, Li C, Yan Y, Zhou Y, Terzaghi W, Li Z, Song CP, Qin F, Gong Z, Li J. COP1 positively regulates ABA signaling during Arabidopsis seedling growth in darkness by mediating ABA-induced ABI5 accumulation. THE PLANT CELL 2022; 34:2286-2308. [PMID: 35263433 PMCID: PMC9134052 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koac073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
CONSTITUTIVELY PHOTOMORPHOGENIC1 (COP1), a well-characterized E3 ubiquitin ligase, is a central repressor of seedling photomorphogenic development in darkness. However, whether COP1 is involved in modulating abscisic acid (ABA) signaling in darkness remains largely obscure. Here, we report that COP1 is a positive regulator of ABA signaling during Arabidopsis seedling growth in the dark. COP1 mediates ABA-induced accumulation of ABI5, a transcription factor playing a key role in ABA signaling, through transcriptional and post-translational regulatory mechanisms. We further show that COP1 physically interacts with ABA-hypersensitive DCAF1 (ABD1), a substrate receptor of the CUL4-DDB1 E3 ligase targeting ABI5 for degradation. Accordingly, COP1 directly ubiquitinates ABD1 in vitro, and negatively regulates ABD1 protein abundance in vivo in the dark but not in the light. Therefore, COP1 promotes ABI5 protein stability post-translationally in darkness by destabilizing ABD1 in response to ABA. Interestingly, we reveal that ABA induces the nuclear accumulation of COP1 in darkness, thus enhancing its activity in propagating the ABA signal. Together, our study uncovers that COP1 modulates ABA signaling during seedling growth in darkness by mediating ABA-induced ABI5 accumulation, demonstrating that plants adjust their ABA signaling mechanisms according to their light environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Meijiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiaoji Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Lijuan Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Can Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Hong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Cong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yan Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yun Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, Collaborative Innovation Center of Crop Stress Biology, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - William Terzaghi
- Department of Biology, Wilkes University, Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania 18766, USA
| | - Zhen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Chun-Peng Song
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, Collaborative Innovation Center of Crop Stress Biology, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Feng Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhizhong Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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12
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Shi Y, Liu X, Zhao S, Guo Y. The PYR-PP2C-CKL2 module regulates ABA-mediated actin reorganization during stomatal closure. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 233:2168-2184. [PMID: 34932819 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Limiting water loss by reducing transpiration helps plants survive when water is limited. Under drought stress, abscisic acid (ABA)-mediated gene expression and anion channel activation regulate stomatal closure and stress responses. ABA-induced actin reorganization also affects stomatal closure, but the underlying molecular mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we discovered that under nonstress conditions, the clade A PP2C phosphatases, such as ABI1 and ABI2, interact with CKL2 and inhibit its kinase activity in Arabidopsis. Under drought stress, CKL2 kinase activity was released through the formation of a complex containing ABA, PP2C and a PYR1/PYL/RCAR family (PYL) receptor. The activated CKL2 regulating actin reorganization is another important process to maintain stomatal closure besides ABA-activated SnRK2 signaling. Moreover, CKL2 phosphorylated PYR1-LIKE 1, ABI1 and ABI2 at amino acid residues conserved among PYLs and PP2Cs, and stabilized ABI1 protein. Our results reveal that ABA signaling regulates actin reorganization to maintain stomatal closure during drought stress, and the feedback regulation of PYL1, ABI1 and ABI2 by the CKL2 kinase might fine-tune ABA signaling and affect plant ABA responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xiangning Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Shuangshuang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, Life Science College, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Yan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
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13
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Seo JH, Dhungana SK, Kang BK, Baek IY, Sung JS, Ko JY, Jung CS, Kim KS, Jun TH. Development and Validation of SNP and InDel Markers for Pod-Shattering Tolerance in Soybean. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:2382. [PMID: 35216500 PMCID: PMC8880809 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Pod-shattering causes a significant yield loss in many soybean cultivars. Shattering-tolerant cultivars provide the most effective approach to minimizing this loss. We developed molecular markers for pod-shattering and validated them in soybeans with diverse genetic backgrounds. The genes Glyma.16g141200, Glyma.16g141500, and Glyma.16g076600, identified in our previous study by quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping and whole-genome resequencing, were selected for marker development. The whole-genome resequencing of three parental lines (one shattering-tolerant and two shattering-susceptible) identified single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and/or insertion/deletion (InDel) regions within or near the selected genes. Two SNPs and one InDel were converted to Kompetitive Allele-Specific PCR (KASP) and InDel markers, respectively. The accuracy of the markers was examined in the two recombinant inbred line populations used for the QTL mapping, as well as the 120 varieties and elite lines, through allelic discrimination and phenotyping by the oven-drying method. Both types of markers successfully discriminated the pod shattering-tolerant and shattering-susceptible genotypes. The prediction accuracy, which was as high as 90.9% for the RILs and was 100% for the varieties and elite lines, also supported the accuracy and usefulness of these markers. Thus, the markers can be used effectively for genetic and genomic studies and the marker-assisted selection for pod-shattering tolerance in soybean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Hyun Seo
- Department of Southern Area Crop Science, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Miryang 50424, Korea; (J.-H.S.); (S.K.D.); (B.-K.K.); (I.-Y.B.); (J.-S.S.); (J.-Y.K.); (C.-S.J.)
| | - Sanjeev Kumar Dhungana
- Department of Southern Area Crop Science, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Miryang 50424, Korea; (J.-H.S.); (S.K.D.); (B.-K.K.); (I.-Y.B.); (J.-S.S.); (J.-Y.K.); (C.-S.J.)
| | - Beom-Kyu Kang
- Department of Southern Area Crop Science, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Miryang 50424, Korea; (J.-H.S.); (S.K.D.); (B.-K.K.); (I.-Y.B.); (J.-S.S.); (J.-Y.K.); (C.-S.J.)
| | - In-Youl Baek
- Department of Southern Area Crop Science, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Miryang 50424, Korea; (J.-H.S.); (S.K.D.); (B.-K.K.); (I.-Y.B.); (J.-S.S.); (J.-Y.K.); (C.-S.J.)
| | - Jung-Sook Sung
- Department of Southern Area Crop Science, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Miryang 50424, Korea; (J.-H.S.); (S.K.D.); (B.-K.K.); (I.-Y.B.); (J.-S.S.); (J.-Y.K.); (C.-S.J.)
| | - Jee-Yeon Ko
- Department of Southern Area Crop Science, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Miryang 50424, Korea; (J.-H.S.); (S.K.D.); (B.-K.K.); (I.-Y.B.); (J.-S.S.); (J.-Y.K.); (C.-S.J.)
| | - Chan-Sik Jung
- Department of Southern Area Crop Science, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Miryang 50424, Korea; (J.-H.S.); (S.K.D.); (B.-K.K.); (I.-Y.B.); (J.-S.S.); (J.-Y.K.); (C.-S.J.)
| | - Ki-Seung Kim
- Innovative Technology Department, FarmHannong, Ltd., Nonsan 33010, Korea;
| | - Tae-Hwan Jun
- Department of Plant Bioscience, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Korea
- Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Korea
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14
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Elnaggar A, Mosa KA, Ramamoorthy K, El-Keblawy A, Navarro T, Soliman SSM. De novo transcriptome sequencing, assembly, and gene expression profiling of a salt-stressed halophyte (Salsola drummondii) from a saline habitat. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2021; 173:1695-1714. [PMID: 34741316 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Salsola drummondii is a perennial habitat-indifferent halophyte growing in saline and nonsaline habitats of the Arabian hyperarid deserts. It offers an invaluable opportunity to examine the molecular mechanisms of salt tolerance. The present study was conducted to elucidate these mechanisms through transcriptome profiling of seedlings grown from seeds collected in a saline habitat. The Illumina Hiseq 2500 platform was employed to sequence cDNA libraries prepared from shoots and roots of nonsaline-treated plants (controls) and plants treated with 1200 mM NaCl. Transcriptomic comparison between salt-treated and control samples resulted in 17,363 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), including 12,000 upregulated genes (7870 in roots, 4130 in shoots) and 5363 downregulated genes (4258 in roots and 1105 in shoots). The majority of identified DEGs are known to be involved in transcription regulation (79), signal transduction (82), defense metabolism (101), transportation (410), cell wall metabolism (27), regulatory processes (392), respiration (85), chaperoning (9), and ubiquitination (98) during salt tolerance. This study identified potential genes associated with the salt tolerance of S. drummondii and demonstrated that this tolerance may depend on the induction of certain genes in shoot and root tissues. These gene expressions were validated using reverse-transcription quantitative PCR, the results of which were consistent with transcriptomics results. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study providing genetic information on salt tolerance mechanisms in S. drummondii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Attiat Elnaggar
- Department of Applied Biology, College of Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
- Departmento de Botanica y Fisiologia Vegetal, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Kareem A Mosa
- Department of Applied Biology, College of Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Kalidoss Ramamoorthy
- Department of Applied Biology, College of Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
| | - Ali El-Keblawy
- Department of Applied Biology, College of Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Al-Arish University, Egypt
| | - Teresa Navarro
- Departmento de Botanica y Fisiologia Vegetal, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Sameh S M Soliman
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
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15
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Chen Q, Bao C, Xu F, Ma C, Huang L, Guo Q, Luo M. Silencing GhJUB1L1 (JUB1-like 1) reduces cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) drought tolerance. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0259382. [PMID: 34739505 PMCID: PMC8570493 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0259382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Drought stress massively restricts plant growth and the yield of crops. Reducing the deleterious effects of drought is necessary for agricultural industry. The plant-specific NAC (NAM, ATAF1/2 and CUC2) transcription factors (TFs) are widely involved in the regulation of plant development and stress response. One of the NAC TF, JUNGBRUNNEN1 (JUB1), has been reported to involve in drought resistance in Arabidopsis. However, little is known of how the JUB1 gene respond to drought stress in cotton. In the present study, we cloned GhJUB1L1, a homologous gene of JUB1 in upland cotton. GhJUB1L1 is preferentially expressed in stem and leaf and could be induced by drought stress. GhJUB1L1 protein localizes to the cell nucleus, and the transcription activation region of which is located in the C-terminal region. Silencing GhJUB1L1 gene via VIGS () reduced cotton drought tolerance, and retarded secondary cell wall (SCW) development. Additionally, the expression of some drought stress-related genes and SCW synthesis-related genes were altered in the GhJUB1L1 silencing plants. Collectively, our findings indicate that GhJUB1L1 may act as a positive regulator in response to drought stress and SCW development in cotton. Our results enriched the roles of NAC TFs in cotton drought tolerance and laid a foundation for the cultivation of transgenic cotton with higher drought tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Chen
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountains Regions of Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous Land, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Crop Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture/Biotechnology Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chaoya Bao
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Crop Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture/Biotechnology Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Fan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Crop Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture/Biotechnology Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Caixia Ma
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Crop Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture/Biotechnology Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Li Huang
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Crop Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture/Biotechnology Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qigao Guo
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountains Regions of Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous Land, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- * E-mail: (ML); (QG)
| | - Ming Luo
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Crop Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture/Biotechnology Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- * E-mail: (ML); (QG)
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16
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Bradai M, Amorim-Silva V, Belgaroui N, Esteban del Valle A, Chabouté ME, Schmit AC, Lozano-Duran R, Botella MA, Hanin M, Ebel C. Wheat Type One Protein Phosphatase Participates in the Brassinosteroid Control of Root Growth via Activation of BES1. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910424. [PMID: 34638765 PMCID: PMC8508605 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Brassinosteroids (BRs) play key roles in diverse plant growth processes through a complex signaling pathway. Components orchestrating the BR signaling pathway include receptors such as kinases, transcription factors, protein kinases and phosphatases. The proper functioning of the receptor kinase BRI1 and the transcription factors BES1/BZR1 depends on their dephosphorylation by type 2A protein phosphatases (PP2A). In this work, we report that an additional phosphatase family, type one protein phosphatases (PP1), contributes to the regulation of the BR signaling pathway. Co-immunoprecipitation and BiFC experiments performed in Arabidopsis plants overexpressing durum wheat TdPP1 showed that TdPP1 interacts with dephosphorylated BES1, but not with the BRI1 receptor. Higher levels of dephosphorylated, active BES1 were observed in these transgenic lines upon BR treatment, indicating that TdPP1 modifies the BR signaling pathway by activating BES1. Moreover, ectopic expression of durum wheat TdPP1 lead to an enhanced growth of primary roots in comparison to wild-type plants in presence of BR. This phenotype corroborates with a down-regulation of the BR-regulated genes CPD and DWF4. These data suggest a role of PP1 in fine-tuning BR-driven responses, most likely via the control of the phosphorylation status of BES1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariem Bradai
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Plant Improvement, Center of Biotechnology of Sfax, BP “1177”, University of Sfax, Sfax 3018, Tunisia;
- Plant Physiology and Functional Genomics Research Unit, Institute of Biotechnology of Sfax, BP “1175”, University of Sfax, Sfax 3038, Tunisia; (N.B.); (M.H.)
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201602, China;
| | - Vitor Amorim-Silva
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterranea “La Mayora”, Universidad de Malaga-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), Universidad de Málaga, Campus Teatinos, 29071 Málaga, Spain; (V.A.-S.); (A.E.d.V.); (M.A.B.)
| | - Nibras Belgaroui
- Plant Physiology and Functional Genomics Research Unit, Institute of Biotechnology of Sfax, BP “1175”, University of Sfax, Sfax 3038, Tunisia; (N.B.); (M.H.)
| | - Alicia Esteban del Valle
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterranea “La Mayora”, Universidad de Malaga-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), Universidad de Málaga, Campus Teatinos, 29071 Málaga, Spain; (V.A.-S.); (A.E.d.V.); (M.A.B.)
| | - Marie-Edith Chabouté
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg 12, rue du Général Zimmer, 67084 Strasbourg, France; (M.-E.C.); (A.-C.S.)
| | - Anne-Catherine Schmit
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg 12, rue du Général Zimmer, 67084 Strasbourg, France; (M.-E.C.); (A.-C.S.)
| | - Rosa Lozano-Duran
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201602, China;
| | - Miguel Angel Botella
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterranea “La Mayora”, Universidad de Malaga-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), Universidad de Málaga, Campus Teatinos, 29071 Málaga, Spain; (V.A.-S.); (A.E.d.V.); (M.A.B.)
| | - Moez Hanin
- Plant Physiology and Functional Genomics Research Unit, Institute of Biotechnology of Sfax, BP “1175”, University of Sfax, Sfax 3038, Tunisia; (N.B.); (M.H.)
| | - Chantal Ebel
- Plant Physiology and Functional Genomics Research Unit, Institute of Biotechnology of Sfax, BP “1175”, University of Sfax, Sfax 3038, Tunisia; (N.B.); (M.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.:+216-74-871-816
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17
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Ramachandran P, Augstein F, Mazumdar S, Nguyen TV, Minina EA, Melnyk CW, Carlsbecker A. Abscisic acid signaling activates distinct VND transcription factors to promote xylem differentiation in Arabidopsis. Curr Biol 2021; 31:3153-3161.e5. [PMID: 34043949 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2021.04.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Plants display remarkable abilities to adjust growth and development to environmental conditions, such as the amount of available water. This developmental plasticity is apparent not only in root and shoot growth rates, but also in tissue patterning and cell morphology.1,2 We have previously shown that in response to limited water availability, Arabidopsis thaliana root displays changes in xylem morphology, mediated by the non-cell-autonomous action of abscisic acid, ABA.2 Here, we show, through analyses of ABA response reporters and tissue-specific suppression of ABA signaling, that xylem cells themselves act as primary signaling centers governing both xylem cell fate and xylem differentiation rate, revealing the cell-autonomous control of multiple aspects of xylem development by ABA. ABA rapidly activates the expression of genes encoding VASCULAR-RELATED NAC DOMAIN (VND) transcription factors. Molecular and genetic analyses revealed that the two ABA-mediated xylem developmental changes are regulated by distinct members of this transcription factor family, with VND2 and VND3 promoting differentiation rate of metaxylem cells, while VND7 promotes the conversion of metaxylem toward protoxylem morphology. This phenomenon shows how different aspects of developmental plasticity can be interlinked, yet genetically separable. Moreover, similarities in phenotypic and molecular responses to ABA in diverse species indicate evolutionary conservation of the ABA-xylem development regulatory network among eudicots. Hence, this study gives molecular insights into how environmental stress modifies plant vascular anatomy and has potential relevance for water use optimization and adaptation to drought conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashanth Ramachandran
- Department of Organismal Biology, Physiological Botany, Linnean Centre for Plant Biology, Uppsala University, Ullsv. 24E, SE-756 51 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Frauke Augstein
- Department of Organismal Biology, Physiological Botany, Linnean Centre for Plant Biology, Uppsala University, Ullsv. 24E, SE-756 51 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Shamik Mazumdar
- Department of Plant Biology, Linnean Center for Plant Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Ullsv. 24E, SE-756 51 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Thanh Van Nguyen
- Department of Organismal Biology, Physiological Botany, Linnean Centre for Plant Biology, Uppsala University, Ullsv. 24E, SE-756 51 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Elena A Minina
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Linnean Center for Plant Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Ullsv. 24E, SE-756 51 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Charles W Melnyk
- Department of Plant Biology, Linnean Center for Plant Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Ullsv. 24E, SE-756 51 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Annelie Carlsbecker
- Department of Organismal Biology, Physiological Botany, Linnean Centre for Plant Biology, Uppsala University, Ullsv. 24E, SE-756 51 Uppsala, Sweden.
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18
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Li L, Li B, Zhu S, Wang L, Song L, Chen J, Ming Z, Liu X, Li X, Yu F. TMK4 receptor kinase negatively modulates ABA signaling by phosphorylating ABI2 and enhancing its activity. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 63:1161-1178. [PMID: 33811744 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
In plants, clade A type 2C protein phosphatases (PP2CAs) have emerged as major players in abscisic acid (ABA)-regulated stress responses by inhibiting protein kinase activity. However, how different internal and external environmental signals modulate the activity of PP2CAs are not well known. The transmembrane kinase (TMK) protein 4 (TMK4), one member of a previously identified receptor kinase subfamily on the plasma membrane that plays vital roles in plant cell growth, directly interacts with PP2CAs member (ABA-Insensitive 2, ABI2). tmk4 mutant is hypersensitive to ABA in both ABA-inhibited seed germination and primary root growth, indicating that TMK4 is a negative regulator in ABA signaling pathway. Further analyses indicate that TMK4 phosphorylates ABI2 at three conserved Ser residues, thus enhancing the activity of ABI2. The phosphorylation-mimic ABI2S139DS140DS266D can complement but non-phosphorylated form ABI2S139AS140AS266A cannot complement ABA hypersensitive phenotype of the loss-of-function mutant abi1-2abi2-2. This study provides a previously unidentified mechanism for positively regulating ABI2 by a plasma membrane protein kinase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Li
- College of Biology, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics and Hunan Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Bin Li
- College of Biology, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics and Hunan Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Sirui Zhu
- College of Biology, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics and Hunan Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Long Wang
- College of Biology, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics and Hunan Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Limei Song
- College of Biology, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics and Hunan Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Jia Chen
- College of Biology, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics and Hunan Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Zhenhua Ming
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Xuanming Liu
- College of Biology, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics and Hunan Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Xiushan Li
- College of Biology, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics and Hunan Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Feng Yu
- College of Biology, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics and Hunan Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
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19
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Jin T, Sun Y, Shan Z, He J, Wang N, Gai J, Li Y. Natural variation in the promoter of GsERD15B affects salt tolerance in soybean. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2021; 19:1155-1169. [PMID: 33368860 PMCID: PMC8196659 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Salt stress has detrimental effects on crop growth and yield, and the area of salt-affected land is increasing. Soybean is a major source of vegetable protein, oil and feed, but considered as a salt-sensitive crop. Cultivated soybean (Glycine max) is domesticated from wild soybean (G. soja) but lost considerable amount of genetic diversity during the artificial selection. Therefore, it is important to exploit the gene pool of wild soybean. In this study, we identified 34 salt-tolerant accessions from wild soybean germplasm and found that a 7-bp insertion/deletion (InDel) in the promoter of GsERD15B (early responsive to dehydration 15B) significantly affects the salt tolerance of soybean. GsERD15B encodes a protein with transcriptional activation function and contains a PAM2 domain to mediate its interaction with poly(A)-binding (PAB) proteins. The 7-bp deletion in GsERD15B promoter enhanced the salt tolerance of soybean, with increased up-regulation of GsERD15B, two GmPAB genes, the known stress-related genes including GmABI1, GmABI2, GmbZIP1, GmP5CS, GmCAT4, GmPIP1:6, GmMYB84 and GmSOS1 in response to salt stress. We propose that natural variation in GsERD15B promoter affects soybean salt tolerance, and overexpression of GsERD15B enhanced salt tolerance probably by increasing the expression levels of genes related to ABA-signalling, proline content, catalase peroxidase, dehydration response and cation transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Jin
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm EnhancementNational Center for Soybean ImprovementKey Laboratory for Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean (General, Ministry of Agriculture)Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop ProductionNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Yangyang Sun
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm EnhancementNational Center for Soybean ImprovementKey Laboratory for Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean (General, Ministry of Agriculture)Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop ProductionNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Zhong Shan
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm EnhancementNational Center for Soybean ImprovementKey Laboratory for Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean (General, Ministry of Agriculture)Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop ProductionNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Jianbo He
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm EnhancementNational Center for Soybean ImprovementKey Laboratory for Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean (General, Ministry of Agriculture)Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop ProductionNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Ning Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm EnhancementNational Center for Soybean ImprovementKey Laboratory for Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean (General, Ministry of Agriculture)Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop ProductionNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Junyi Gai
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm EnhancementNational Center for Soybean ImprovementKey Laboratory for Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean (General, Ministry of Agriculture)Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop ProductionNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Yan Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm EnhancementNational Center for Soybean ImprovementKey Laboratory for Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean (General, Ministry of Agriculture)Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop ProductionNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
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20
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Structure and activity of SLAC1 channels for stomatal signaling in leaves. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2015151118. [PMID: 33926963 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2015151118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Stomata in leaves regulate gas exchange between the plant and its atmosphere. Various environmental stimuli elicit abscisic acid (ABA); ABA leads to phosphoactivation of slow anion channel 1 (SLAC1); SLAC1 activity reduces turgor pressure in aperture-defining guard cells; and stomatal closure ensues. We used electrophysiology for functional characterizations of Arabidopsis thaliana SLAC1 (AtSLAC1) and cryoelectron microscopy (cryo-EM) for structural analysis of Brachypodium distachyon SLAC1 (BdSLAC1), at 2.97-Å resolution. We identified 14 phosphorylation sites in AtSLAC1 and showed nearly 330-fold channel-activity enhancement with 4 to 6 of these phosphorylated. Seven SLAC1-conserved arginines are poised in BdSLAC1 for regulatory interaction with the N-terminal extension. This BdSLAC1 structure has its pores closed, in a basal state, spring loaded by phenylalanyl residues in high-energy conformations. SLAC1 phosphorylation fine-tunes an equilibrium between basal and activated SLAC1 trimers, thereby controlling the degree of stomatal opening.
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21
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Liang B, Sun Y, Wang J, Zheng Y, Zhang W, Xu Y, Li Q, Leng P. Tomato protein phosphatase 2C influences the onset of fruit ripening and fruit glossiness. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:2403-2418. [PMID: 33345282 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Abscisic acid (ABA) plays a vital role in coordinating physiological processes during fresh fruit ripening. Binding of ABA to receptors facilitates the interaction and inhibition of type 2C phosphatase (PP2C) co-receptors. However, the exact mechanism of PP2C during fruit ripening is unclear. In this study, we determined the role of the tomato ABA co-receptor type 2C phosphatase SlPP2C3, a negative regulator of ABA signaling and fruit ripening. SlPP2C3 selectively interacted with monomeric ABA receptors and SlSnRK2.8 kinase in both yeast and tobacco epidermal cells. Expression of SlPP2C3 was ABA-inducible, which was negatively correlated with fruit ripening. Tomato plants with suppressed SlPP2C3 expression exhibited enhanced sensitivity to ABA, while plants overexpressing SlPP2C3 were less sensitive to ABA. Importantly, lack of SlPP2C3 expression accelerated the onset of fruit ripening and affected fruit glossiness by altering the outer epidermis structure. There was a significant difference in the expression of cuticle-related genes in the pericarp between wild-type and SlPP2C3-suppressed lines based on RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that SlPP2C3 plays an important role in the regulation of fruit ripening and fruit glossiness in tomato.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Liang
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Yufei Sun
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, PR China
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Juan Wang
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Yu Zheng
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Wenbo Zhang
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Yandan Xu
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Qian Li
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Ping Leng
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, PR China
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22
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Rovira A, Sentandreu M, Nagatani A, Leivar P, Monte E. The Sequential Action of MIDA9/PP2C.D1, PP2C.D2, and PP2C.D5 Is Necessary to Form and Maintain the Hook After Germination in the Dark. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:636098. [PMID: 33767720 PMCID: PMC7985339 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.636098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
During seedling etiolation after germination in the dark, seedlings have closed cotyledons and form an apical hook to protect the meristem as they break through the soil to reach the surface. Once in contact with light, the hook opens and cotyledons are oriented upward and separate. Hook development in the dark after seedling emergence from the seed follows three distinctly timed and sequential phases: formation, maintenance, and eventual opening. We previously identified MISREGULATED IN DARK9 (MIDA9) as a phytochrome interacting factor (PIF)-repressed gene in the dark necessary for hook development during etiolated growth. MIDA9 encodes the type 2C phosphatase PP2C.D1, and pp2c-d1/mida9 mutants exhibit open hooks in the dark. Recent evidence has described that PP2C.D1 and other PP2C.D members negatively regulate SMALL AUXIN UP RNA (SAUR)-mediated cell elongation. However, the fundamental question of the timing of PP2C.D1 action (and possibly other members of the PP2C.D family) during hook development remains to be addressed. Here, we show that PP2C.D1 is required immediately after germination to form the hook. pp2c.d1/mida9 shows reduced cell expansion in the outer layer of the hook and, therefore, does not establish the differential cell growth necessary for hook formation, indicating that PP2C.D1 is necessary to promote cell elongation during this early stage. Additionally, genetic analyses of single and high order mutants in PP2C.D1, PP2C.D2, and PP2C.D5 demonstrate that the three PP2C.Ds act collectively and sequentially during etiolation: whereas PP2C.D1 dominates hook formation, PP2C.D2 is necessary during the maintenance phase, and PP2C.D5 acts to prevent opening during the third phase together with PP2C.D1 and PP2C.D2. Finally, we uncover a possible connection of PP2C.D1 levels with ethylene physiology, which could help optimize hook formation during post-germinative growth in the dark.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnau Rovira
- Plant Development and Signal Transduction Program, Center for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG) CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Sentandreu
- Plant Development and Signal Transduction Program, Center for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG) CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Akira Nagatani
- Department of Botany, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Pablo Leivar
- Plant Development and Signal Transduction Program, Center for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG) CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Barcelona, Spain
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Institut Químic de Sarrià, Universitat Ramon Llull, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elena Monte
- Plant Development and Signal Transduction Program, Center for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG) CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Barcelona, Spain
- Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
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23
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Li Y, Song J, Zhu G, Hou Z, Wang L, Wu X, Fang Z, Liu Y, Gao C. Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of ADP-ribosylation factors associated with biotic and abiotic stress in wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.). PeerJ 2021; 9:e10963. [PMID: 33717696 PMCID: PMC7934654 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The ARF gene family plays important roles in intracellular transport in eukaryotes and is involved in conferring tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses in plants. To explore the role of these genes in the development of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), 74 wheat ARF genes (TaARFs; including 18 alternate transcripts) were identified and clustered into seven sub-groups. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that TaARFA1 sub-group genes were strongly conserved. Numerous cis-elements functionally associated with the stress response and hormones were identified in the TaARFA1 sub-group, implying that these TaARFs are induced in response to abiotic and biotic stresses in wheat. According to available transcriptome data and qRT-PCR analysis, the TaARFA1 genes displayed tissue-specific expression patterns and were regulated by biotic stress (powdery mildew and stripe rust) and abiotic stress (cold, heat, ABA, drought and NaCl). Protein interaction network analysis further indicated that TaARFA1 proteins may interact with protein phosphatase 2C (PP2C), which is a key protein in the ABA signaling pathway. This comprehensive analysis will be useful for further functional characterization of TaARF genes and the development of high-quality wheat varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqian Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Crop Germplasm and Genetic Improvement, Food Crops Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Hubei Engineering and Technology Research Center of Wheat/Wheat Disease Biology Research Station for Central China, Wuhan, China
- Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education/Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry/College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Jinghan Song
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Crop Germplasm and Genetic Improvement, Food Crops Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Hubei Engineering and Technology Research Center of Wheat/Wheat Disease Biology Research Station for Central China, Wuhan, China
- Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education/Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry/College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Guang Zhu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Crop Germplasm and Genetic Improvement, Food Crops Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Hubei Engineering and Technology Research Center of Wheat/Wheat Disease Biology Research Station for Central China, Wuhan, China
| | - Zehao Hou
- Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education/Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry/College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education/Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry/College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxue Wu
- Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education/Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry/College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Zhengwu Fang
- Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education/Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry/College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Yike Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Crop Germplasm and Genetic Improvement, Food Crops Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Hubei Engineering and Technology Research Center of Wheat/Wheat Disease Biology Research Station for Central China, Wuhan, China
- Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education/Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry/College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Chunbao Gao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Crop Germplasm and Genetic Improvement, Food Crops Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Hubei Engineering and Technology Research Center of Wheat/Wheat Disease Biology Research Station for Central China, Wuhan, China
- Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education/Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry/College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
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24
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Chu M, Chen P, Meng S, Xu P, Lan W. The Arabidopsis phosphatase PP2C49 negatively regulates salt tolerance through inhibition of AtHKT1;1. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 63:528-542. [PMID: 32877013 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Type 2C protein phosphatases (PP2Cs) are the largest protein phosphatase family. PP2Cs dephosphorylate substrates for signaling in Arabidopsis, but the functions of most PP2Cs remain unknown. Here, we characterized PP2C49 (AT3G62260, a Group G PP2C), which regulates Na+ distribution under salt stress and is localized to the cytoplasm and nucleus. PP2C49 was highly expressed in root vascular tissues and its disruption enhanced plant tolerance to salt stress. Compared with wild type, the pp2c49 mutant contained more Na+ in roots but less Na+ in shoots and xylem sap, suggesting that PP2C49 regulates shoot Na+ extrusion. Reciprocal grafting revealed a root-based mechanism underlying the salt tolerance of pp2c49. Systemic Na+ distribution largely depends on AtHKT1;1 and loss of function of AtHKT1;1 in the pp2c49 background overrode the salt tolerance of pp2c49, resulting in salt sensitivity. Furthermore, compared with plants overexpressing PP2C49 in the wild-type background, plants overexpressing PP2C49 in the athtk1;1 mutant background were sensitive to salt, like the athtk1;1 mutants. Moreover, protein-protein interaction and two-voltage clamping assays demonstrated that PP2C49 physically interacts with AtHKT1;1 and inhibits the Na+ permeability of AtHKT1;1. This study reveals that PP2C49 negatively regulates AtHKT1;1 activity and thus determines systemic Na+ allocation during salt stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moli Chu
- State Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Pengwang Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Sufang Meng
- State Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Peng Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Wenzhi Lan
- State Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
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25
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Campobenedetto C, Mannino G, Beekwilder J, Contartese V, Karlova R, Bertea CM. The application of a biostimulant based on tannins affects root architecture and improves tolerance to salinity in tomato plants. Sci Rep 2021; 11:354. [PMID: 33432010 PMCID: PMC7801735 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-79770-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Roots have important roles for plants to withstand adverse environmental conditions, including salt stress. Biostimulant application was shown to enhance plant resilience towards abiotic stresses. Here, we studied the effect of a tannin-based biostimulant on tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) grown under salt stress conditions. We investigated the related changes at both root architecture (via imaging and biometric analysis) and gene expression (RNA-Seq/qPCR) levels. Moreover, in order to identify the main compounds potentially involved in the observed effects, the chemical composition of the biostimulant was evaluated by UV/Vis and HPLC-ESI-Orbitrap analysis. Sixteen compounds, known to be involved in root development and having a potential antioxidant properties were identified. Significant increase of root weight (+ 24%) and length (+ 23%) was observed when the plants were grown under salt stress and treated with the biostimulant. Moreover, transcriptome analysis revealed that the application of the biostimulant upregulated 285 genes, most of which correlated to root development and salt stress tolerance. The 171 downregulated genes were mainly involved in nutrient uptake. These data demonstrated that the biostimulant is able not only to restore root growth in salty soils, but also to provide the adequate plant nourishment by regulating the expression of essential transcription factors and stress responsive genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Campobenedetto
- grid.7605.40000 0001 2336 6580Plant Physiology Unit, Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Turin, Italy ,Green Has Italia S.P.A, Canale, CN Italy ,grid.4818.50000 0001 0791 5666Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Plant Sciences Group, Wageningen University and Research, 6708 PB 9 Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Giuseppe Mannino
- grid.7605.40000 0001 2336 6580Plant Physiology Unit, Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Jules Beekwilder
- grid.4818.50000 0001 0791 5666Wageningen University and Research Centre, Bioscience, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Rumyana Karlova
- grid.4818.50000 0001 0791 5666Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Plant Sciences Group, Wageningen University and Research, 6708 PB 9 Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Cinzia M. Bertea
- grid.7605.40000 0001 2336 6580Plant Physiology Unit, Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
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26
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Chen X, Ding Y, Yang Y, Song C, Wang B, Yang S, Guo Y, Gong Z. Protein kinases in plant responses to drought, salt, and cold stress. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 63:53-78. [PMID: 33399265 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 222] [Impact Index Per Article: 74.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Protein kinases are major players in various signal transduction pathways. Understanding the molecular mechanisms behind plant responses to biotic and abiotic stresses has become critical for developing and breeding climate-resilient crops. In this review, we summarize recent progress on understanding plant drought, salt, and cold stress responses, with a focus on signal perception and transduction by different protein kinases, especially sucrose nonfermenting1 (SNF1)-related protein kinases (SnRKs), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades, calcium-dependent protein kinases (CDPKs/CPKs), and receptor-like kinases (RLKs). We also discuss future challenges in these research fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuexue Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yanglin Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yongqing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Chunpeng Song
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Crop Stress Biology, Henan Province, Institute of Plant Stress Biology, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475001, China
| | - Baoshan Wang
- Key Lab of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Ji'nan, 250000, China
| | - Shuhua Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zhizhong Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- Institute of Life Science and Green Development, School of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, 071001, China
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27
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Fàbregas N, Yoshida T, Fernie AR. Role of Raf-like kinases in SnRK2 activation and osmotic stress response in plants. Nat Commun 2020; 11:6184. [PMID: 33273465 PMCID: PMC7712759 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19977-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental drought and high salinity impose osmotic stress, which inhibits plant growth and yield. Thus, understanding how plants respond to osmotic stress is critical to improve crop productivity. Plants have multiple signalling pathways in response to osmotic stress in which the phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) plays important roles. However, since little is known concerning key early components, the global osmotic stress-signalling network remains to be elucidated. Here, we review recent advances in the identification of osmotic-stress activated Raf-like protein kinases as regulators of ABA-dependent and -independent signalling pathways and discuss the plant stress-responsive kinase network from an evolutionary perspective. A better understanding of how plants respond to osmotic stress could potentially help improve crop yields. Here Fàbregas et al. review the recent characterization of Raf-like kinases that act in both in ABA-dependent and -independent responses to osmotic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norma Fàbregas
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Takuya Yoshida
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany.
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28
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Komatsu K, Takezawa D, Sakata Y. Decoding ABA and osmostress signalling in plants from an evolutionary point of view. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2020; 43:2894-2911. [PMID: 33459424 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA) is fundamental for land plant adaptation to water-limited conditions. Osmostress, such as drought, induces ABA accumulation in angiosperms, triggering physiological responses such as stomata closure. The core components of angiosperm ABA signalling are soluble ABA receptors, group A protein phosphatase type 2C and SNF1-related protein kinase2 (SnRK2). ABA also has various functions in non-angiosperms, however, suggesting that its role in adaptation to land may not have been angiosperm-specific. Indeed, among land plants, the core ABA signalling components are evolutionarily conserved, implying their presence in a common ancestor. Results of ongoing functional genomics studies of ABA signalling components in bryophytes and algae have expanded our understanding of the evolutionary role of ABA signalling, with genome sequencing uncovering the ABA core module even in algae. In this review, we describe recent discoveries involving the ABA core module in non-angiosperms, tracing the footprints of how ABA evolved as a phytohormone. We also cover the latest findings on Raf-like kinases as upstream regulators of the core ABA module component SnRK2. Finally, we discuss the origin of ABA signalling from an evolutionary perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Komatsu
- Department of Bioresource Development, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Daisuke Takezawa
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yoichi Sakata
- Department of Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo, Japan
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29
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The UBC27-AIRP3 ubiquitination complex modulates ABA signaling by promoting the degradation of ABI1 in Arabidopsis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:27694-27702. [PMID: 33077597 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2007366117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abscisic acid (ABA) is the key phytohormone in plant drought tolerance and stress adaptation. The clade A protein phosphatase 2Cs (PP2Cs) like ABI1 (ABA-INSENSITIVE 1) work as coreceptors of ABA and regulate multiple ABA responses. Ubiquitination of ABI1 has been proven to play important regulatory roles in ABA signaling. However, the specific ubiquitin conjugating enzyme (E2) involved is unknown. Here, we report that UBC27 is an active E2 that positively regulates ABA signaling and drought tolerance. UBC27 forms the E2-E3 pair with the drought regulator RING E3 ligase AIRP3. Both UBC27 and AIRP3 interact with ABI1 and affect the ubiquitination and degradation of ABI1. ABA activates the expression of UBC27, inhibits the proteasome degradation of UBC27, and enhances the interaction between UBC27 and ABI1 to increase its activity. These findings uncover a regulatory mechanism in ABA signaling and drought response and provide a further understanding of the plant ubiquitination system and ABA signaling pathway.
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30
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Wang Z, Ren Z, Cheng C, Wang T, Ji H, Zhao Y, Deng Z, Zhi L, Lu J, Wu X, Xu S, Cao M, Zhao H, Liu L, Zhu J, Li X. Counteraction of ABA-Mediated Inhibition of Seed Germination and Seedling Establishment by ABA Signaling Terminator in Arabidopsis. MOLECULAR PLANT 2020; 13:1284-1297. [PMID: 32619606 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2020.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Seed germination and seedling establishment are important for the reproductive success of plants, but seeds and seedlings typically encounter constantly changing environmental conditions. By inhibiting seed germination and post-germinative growth through the PYR1/PYL/RCAR ABA receptors and PP2C co-receptors, the phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) prevents premature germination and seedling growth under unfavorable conditions. However, little is known about how the ABA-mediated inhibition of seed germination and seedling establishment is thwarted. Here, we report that ABA Signaling Terminator (ABT), a WD40 protein, efficiently switches off ABA signaling and is critical for seed germination and seedling establishment. ABT is induced by ABA in a PYR1/PYL/RCAR-PP2C-dependent manner. Overexpression of ABT promotes seed germination and seedling greening in the presence of ABA, whereas knockout of ABT has the opposite effect. We found that ABT interacts with the PYR1/PYL/RCAR and PP2C proteins, interferes with the interaction between PYR1/PYL4 and ABI1/ABI2, and hampers the inhibition of ABI1/ABI2 by ABA-bound PYR1/PYL4, thereby terminating ABA signaling. Taken together, our results reveal a core mechanism of ABA signaling termination that is critical for seed germination and seedling establishment in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijuan Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, P.R. China
| | - Ziyin Ren
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, P.R. China
| | - Chunhong Cheng
- Center of Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050021, P.R. China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| | - Tao Wang
- Center of Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050021, P.R. China
| | - Hongtao Ji
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, P.R. China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China; Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Zhiping Deng
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 3210021, P.R. China
| | - Liya Zhi
- Center of Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050021, P.R. China
| | - Jingjing Lu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, P.R. China
| | - Xinying Wu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, P.R. China
| | - Shimin Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, P.R. China
| | - Mengmeng Cao
- Center of Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050021, P.R. China
| | - Hongtao Zhao
- Center of Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050021, P.R. China
| | - Liu Liu
- Center of Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050021, P.R. China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| | - Jiankang Zhu
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China; Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Xia Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, P.R. China.
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31
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Bheri M, Mahiwal S, Sanyal SK, Pandey GK. Plant protein phosphatases: What do we know about their mechanism of action? FEBS J 2020; 288:756-785. [PMID: 32542989 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Protein phosphorylation is a major reversible post-translational modification. Protein phosphatases function as 'critical regulators' in signaling networks through dephosphorylation of proteins, which have been phosphorylated by protein kinases. A large understanding of their working has been sourced from animal systems rather than the plant or the prokaryotic systems. The eukaryotic protein phosphatases include phosphoprotein phosphatases (PPP), metallo-dependent protein phosphatases (PPM), protein tyrosine (Tyr) phosphatases (PTP), and aspartate (Asp)-dependent phosphatases. The PPP and PPM families are serine(Ser)/threonine(Thr)-specific phosphatases (STPs), while PTP family is Tyr specific. Dual-specificity phosphatases (DsPTPs/DSPs) dephosphorylate Ser, Thr, and Tyr residues. PTPs lack sequence homology with STPs, indicating a difference in catalytic mechanisms, while the PPP and PPM families share a similar structural fold indicating a common catalytic mechanism. The catalytic cysteine (Cys) residue in the conserved HCX5 R active site motif of the PTPs acts as a nucleophile during hydrolysis. The PPP members require metal ions, which coordinate the phosphate group of the substrate, followed by a nucleophilic attack by a water molecule and hydrolysis. The variable holoenzyme assembly of protein phosphatase(s) and the overlap with other post-translational modifications like acetylation and ubiquitination add to their complexity. Though their functional characterization is extensively reported in plants, the mechanistic nature of their action is still being explored by researchers. In this review, we exclusively overview the plant protein phosphatases with an emphasis on their mechanistic action as well as structural characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malathi Bheri
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, India
| | - Swati Mahiwal
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, India
| | - Sibaji K Sanyal
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, India
| | - Girdhar K Pandey
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, India
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32
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Romera-Branchat M, Severing E, Pocard C, Ohr H, Vincent C, Née G, Martinez-Gallegos R, Jang S, Andrés F, Madrigal P, Coupland G. Functional Divergence of the Arabidopsis Florigen-Interacting bZIP Transcription Factors FD and FDP. Cell Rep 2020; 31:107717. [PMID: 32492426 PMCID: PMC7273178 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.107717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Flowering of many plant species depends on interactions between basic leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription factors and systemically transported florigen proteins. Members of the genus Arabidopsis contain two of these bZIPs, FD and FDP, which we show have largely complementary expression patterns in shoot apices before and during flowering. CRISPR-Cas9-induced null mutants for FDP flower slightly earlier than wild-type, whereas fd mutants are late flowering. Identical G-box sequences are enriched at FD and FDP binding sites, but only FD binds to genes involved in flowering and only fd alters their transcription. However, both proteins bind to genes involved in responses to the phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA), which controls developmental and stress responses. Many of these genes are differentially expressed in both fd and fdp mutant seedlings, which also show reduced ABA sensitivity. Thus, florigen-interacting bZIPs have distinct functions in flowering dependent on their expression patterns and, at earlier stages in development, play common roles in phytohormone signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maida Romera-Branchat
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, 50829 Cologne, Germany
| | - Edouard Severing
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, 50829 Cologne, Germany
| | - Chloé Pocard
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, 50829 Cologne, Germany
| | - Hyonhwa Ohr
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, 50829 Cologne, Germany
| | - Coral Vincent
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, 50829 Cologne, Germany
| | - Guillaume Née
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Münster, Schlossplatz 7, 48143 Münster, Germany
| | | | - Seonghoe Jang
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, 50829 Cologne, Germany
| | - Fernando Andrés
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, 50829 Cologne, Germany
| | - Pedro Madrigal
- Department of Biometry and Bioinformatics, Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 60-479 Poznań, Poland
| | - George Coupland
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, 50829 Cologne, Germany.
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33
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Xu Y, Zhu Z. Abscisic acid suppresses thermomorphogenesis in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2020; 15:1746510. [PMID: 32202470 PMCID: PMC7238878 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2020.1746510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings exhibit longer hypocotyls when they are grown under high ambient temperature, which is defined as thermomorphogenesis. Although it is well established that high temperature triggers auxin biosynthesis to stimulate hypocotyl elongation, the physiological functions of other endogenous phytohormones during thermomorphogenesis are still elusive. Here, we report that exogenous application of abscisic acid (ABA) strongly inhibits hypocotyl elongation under high ambient temperature. Hypocotyl elongations of ABA biosynthesis deficient mutants are more sensitive to high temperature, suggesting that endogenous ABA has a robust inhibition effect. Moreover, blocking ABA perception or signaling impedes the negative effect of ABA. Finally, we show that ABA also suppresses the hypersensitivity to high temperature of an auxin over-accumulation mutant (yuc1D), indicating that activation of auxin signaling is not sufficient to override the repression by ABA. Taken together, we demonstrate that ABA is a negative regulator during plant thermomorphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Xu
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ziqiang Zhu
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
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34
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Gong Z, Xiong L, Shi H, Yang S, Herrera-Estrella LR, Xu G, Chao DY, Li J, Wang PY, Qin F, Li J, Ding Y, Shi Y, Wang Y, Yang Y, Guo Y, Zhu JK. Plant abiotic stress response and nutrient use efficiency. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2020; 63:635-674. [PMID: 32246404 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-020-1683-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 513] [Impact Index Per Article: 128.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Abiotic stresses and soil nutrient limitations are major environmental conditions that reduce plant growth, productivity and quality. Plants have evolved mechanisms to perceive these environmental challenges, transmit the stress signals within cells as well as between cells and tissues, and make appropriate adjustments in their growth and development in order to survive and reproduce. In recent years, significant progress has been made on many fronts of the stress signaling research, particularly in understanding the downstream signaling events that culminate at the activation of stress- and nutrient limitation-responsive genes, cellular ion homeostasis, and growth adjustment. However, the revelation of the early events of stress signaling, particularly the identification of primary stress sensors, still lags behind. In this review, we summarize recent work on the genetic and molecular mechanisms of plant abiotic stress and nutrient limitation sensing and signaling and discuss new directions for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhizhong Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Liming Xiong
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowlong Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Huazhong Shi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79409, USA
| | - Shuhua Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Luis R Herrera-Estrella
- Plant and Soil Science Department (IGCAST), Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79409, USA.,Unidad de Genómica Avanzada (Langebio), Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, Irapuato, 36610, México.,College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Guohua Xu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Dai-Yin Chao
- National Key laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jingrui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Peng-Yun Wang
- School of Life Science, Henan University, Kaifeng, 457000, China
| | - Feng Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jijang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yanglin Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yiting Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yongqing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Jian-Kang Zhu
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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35
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Luo X, Li C, He X, Zhang X, Zhu L. ABA signaling is negatively regulated by GbWRKY1 through JAZ1 and ABI1 to affect salt and drought tolerance. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2020; 39:181-194. [PMID: 31713664 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-019-02480-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
GbWRKY1 can function as a negative regulator of ABA signaling via JAZ1 and ABI1, with effects on salt and drought tolerance. WRKY transcription factors play important roles in plant development and stress responses. GbWRKY1 was initially identified as a defense-related gene in cotton and negatively regulates the response to fungal pathogens by activating the expression of JAZ1. Here, we characterized the role of GbWRKY1, an orthologue of the Arabidopsis gene AtWRKY75, in abiotic stress (salt and drought) and established novel connection between JAZ1 and ABA signaling in Arabidopsis. GbWRKY1 is nucleus localized and its expression is significantly induced by treatment with ABA and osmotic stresses NaCl and PEG. Increased levels of expression of GbWRKY1 in transgenic Arabidopsis enhance sensitivity to salt and drought as revealed by seed germination tests and soil stress experiments. Similarly, GbWRKY1 overexpression cotton plants also display increased sensitivity to PEG treatment and drought. Expression analysis shows that the induction of two ABA responsive genes, RAB18 and RD29A by NaCl, mannitol, and ABA treatment is significantly impaired in GbWRKY1 overexpression Arabidopsis lines. GbWRKY1 overexpression Arabidopsis displays a strong ABA-insensitive phenotype at both germination and early stages of seedling development. Further genetic evidence suggested that the ABA-insensitive phenotype of GbWRKY1 overexpression Arabidopsis was dependent on JAZ1, and overexpression of JAZ1 also displayed an ABA-insensitive phenotype. In addition, yeast two hybrid and bimolecular fluorescence complementation assays showed that JAZ1 directly interacts with ABI1, a key negative regulator of ABA signaling. We, therefore, demonstrate that GbWRKY1 acts as a negative regulator of ABA signaling, through an interaction network involving JAZ1 and ABI1, to regulate salt and drought tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyin Luo
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Chao Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Xin He
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Xianlong Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Longfu Zhu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China.
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36
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Sun Y, Pri-Tal O, Michaeli D, Mosquna A. Evolution of Abscisic Acid Signaling Module and Its Perception. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:934. [PMID: 32754170 PMCID: PMC7367143 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
We hereby review the perception and responses to the stress hormone Abscisic acid (ABA), along the trajectory of 500M years of plant evolution, whose understanding may resolve how plants acquired this signaling pathway essential for the colonization of land. ABA levels rise in response to abiotic stresses, coordinating physiological and metabolic responses, helping plants survive stressful environments. In land plants, ABA signaling cascade leads to growth arrest and large-scale changes in transcript levels, required for coping with environmental stressors. This response is regulated by a PYRABACTIN RESISTANCE 1-like (PYL)-PROTEIN PHOSPHATASE 2C (PP2C)-SNF1-RELATED PROTEIN KINASE 2 (SnRK2) module, that initiates phosphor-activation of transcription factors and ion channels. The enzymatic portions of this module (phosphatase and kinase) are functionally conserved from streptophyte algae to angiosperms, whereas the regulatory component -the PYL receptors, putatively evolved in the common ancestor of Zygnematophyceae and embryophyte as a constitutive, ABA-independent protein, further evolving into a ligand-activated receptor at the embryophyta. This evolutionary process peaked with the appearance of the strictly ABA-dependent subfamily III stress-triggered angiosperms' dimeric PYL receptors. The emerging picture is that the ancestor of land plants and its predecessors synthesized ABA, as its biosynthetic pathway is conserved between ancestral and current day algae. Despite this ability, it was only the common ancestor of land plants which acquired the hormonal-modulation of PYL activity by ABA. This raises several questions regarding both ABA's function in ABA-non-responsive organisms, and the evolutionary aspects of the ABA signal transduction pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufei Sun
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Oded Pri-Tal
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | | | - Assaf Mosquna
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
- *Correspondence: Assaf Mosquna,
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37
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Chen K, Li GJ, Bressan RA, Song CP, Zhu JK, Zhao Y. Abscisic acid dynamics, signaling, and functions in plants. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 62:25-54. [PMID: 31850654 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.12899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 571] [Impact Index Per Article: 142.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Abscisic acid (ABA) is an important phytohormone regulating plant growth, development, and stress responses. It has an essential role in multiple physiological processes of plants, such as stomatal closure, cuticular wax accumulation, leaf senescence, bud dormancy, seed germination, osmotic regulation, and growth inhibition among many others. Abscisic acid controls downstream responses to abiotic and biotic environmental changes through both transcriptional and posttranscriptional mechanisms. During the past 20 years, ABA biosynthesis and many of its signaling pathways have been well characterized. Here we review the dynamics of ABA metabolic pools and signaling that affects many of its physiological functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kong Chen
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology and CAS Center of Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Guo-Jun Li
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology and CAS Center of Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ray A Bressan
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Chun-Peng Song
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475001, China
| | - Jian-Kang Zhu
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology and CAS Center of Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Yang Zhao
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology and CAS Center of Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475001, China
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Fan K, Yuan S, Chen J, Chen Y, Li Z, Lin W, Zhang Y, Liu J, Lin W. Molecular evolution and lineage-specific expansion of the PP2C family in Zea mays. PLANTA 2019; 250:1521-1538. [PMID: 31346803 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-019-03243-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
97 ZmPP2Cs were clustered into 10 subfamilies with biased subfamily evolution and lineage-specific expansion. Segmental duplication after the divergence of maize and sorghum might have led to primary expansion of ZmPP2Cs. The protein phosphatase 2C (PP2C) enzymes control many stress responses and developmental processes in plants. In Zea mays, a comprehensive understanding of the evolution and expansion of the PP2C family is still lacking. In the current study, 97 ZmPP2Cs were identified and clustered into 10 subfamilies. Through the analysis of the PP2C family in monocots, the ZmPP2C subfamilies displayed biased subfamily molecular evolution and lineage-specific expansion, as evidenced by their differing numbers of member genes, expansion and evolutionary rates, conserved subdomains, chromosomal distributions, expression levels, responsive-regulatory elements and regulatory networks. Moreover, while segmental duplication events have caused the primary expansion of the ZmPP2Cs, the majority of their diversification occurred following the additional whole-genome duplication that took place after the divergence of maize and sorghum (Sorghum bicolor). After this event, the PP2C subfamilies showed asymmetric evolutionary rates, with the D, F2 and H subfamily likely the most closely to resemble its ancestral subfamily's genes. These findings could provide novel insights into the molecular evolution and expansion of the PP2C family in maize, and lay the foundation for the functional analysis of these enzymes in maize and related monocots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Fan
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processing and Safety Monitoring, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecology and Molecular Physiology (Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University), Fujian Province University, Fuzhou, 35002, China
| | - Shuna Yuan
- Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences/Danzhou Investigation and Experiment Station of Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Danzhou, 571737, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processing and Safety Monitoring, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecology and Molecular Physiology (Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University), Fujian Province University, Fuzhou, 35002, China
| | - Yunrui Chen
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processing and Safety Monitoring, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecology and Molecular Physiology (Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University), Fujian Province University, Fuzhou, 35002, China
| | - Zhaowei Li
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processing and Safety Monitoring, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecology and Molecular Physiology (Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University), Fujian Province University, Fuzhou, 35002, China
| | - Weiwei Lin
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processing and Safety Monitoring, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecology and Molecular Physiology (Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University), Fujian Province University, Fuzhou, 35002, China
| | - Yongqiang Zhang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processing and Safety Monitoring, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecology and Molecular Physiology (Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University), Fujian Province University, Fuzhou, 35002, China
| | - Jianping Liu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processing and Safety Monitoring, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecology and Molecular Physiology (Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University), Fujian Province University, Fuzhou, 35002, China
| | - Wenxiong Lin
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processing and Safety Monitoring, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecology and Molecular Physiology (Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University), Fujian Province University, Fuzhou, 35002, China.
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Loh SC, Othman AS, Veera Singham G. Identification and characterization of jasmonic acid- and linolenic acid-mediated transcriptional regulation of secondary laticifer differentiation in Hevea brasiliensis. Sci Rep 2019; 9:14296. [PMID: 31586098 PMCID: PMC6778104 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-50800-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Hevea brasiliensis remains the primary crop commercially exploited to obtain latex, which is produced from the articulated secondary laticifer. Here, we described the transcriptional events related to jasmonic acid (JA)- and linolenic acid (LA)-induced secondary laticifer differentiation (SLD) in H. brasiliensis clone RRIM 600 based on RNA-seq approach. Histochemical approach proved that JA- and LA-treated samples resulted in SLD in H. brasiliensis when compared to ethephon and untreated control. RNA-seq data resulted in 86,614 unigenes, of which 2,664 genes were differentially expressed in JA and LA-induced secondary laticifer harvested from H. brasiliensis bark samples. Among these, 450 genes were unique to JA and LA as they were not differentially expressed in ethephon-treated samples compared with the untreated samples. Most transcription factors from the JA- and LA-specific dataset were classified under MYB, APETALA2/ethylene response factor (AP2/ERF), and basic-helix-loop-helix (bHLH) gene families that were involved in tissue developmental pathways, and we proposed that Bel5-GA2 oxidase 1-KNOTTED-like homeobox complex are likely involved in JA- and LA-induced SLD in H. brasiliensis. We also discovered alternative spliced transcripts, putative novel transcripts, and cis-natural antisense transcript pairs related to SLD event. This study has advanced understanding on the transcriptional regulatory network of SLD in H. brasiliensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swee Cheng Loh
- Centre for Chemical Biology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 10 Persiaran Bukit Jambul, 11900 Bayan Lepas, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Sofiman Othman
- Centre for Chemical Biology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 10 Persiaran Bukit Jambul, 11900 Bayan Lepas, Penang, Malaysia.,School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Penang, Malaysia
| | - G Veera Singham
- Centre for Chemical Biology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 10 Persiaran Bukit Jambul, 11900 Bayan Lepas, Penang, Malaysia.
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Maheshwari P, Du H, Sheen J, Assmann SM, Albert R. Model-driven discovery of calcium-related protein-phosphatase inhibition in plant guard cell signaling. PLoS Comput Biol 2019; 15:e1007429. [PMID: 31658257 PMCID: PMC6837631 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1007429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA) promotes stomatal closure via multifarious cellular signaling cascades. Our previous comprehensive reconstruction of the stomatal closure network resulted in an 81-node network with 153 edges. Discrete dynamic modeling utilizing this network reproduced over 75% of experimental observations but a few experimentally supported results were not recapitulated. Here we identify predictions that improve the agreement between model and experiment. We performed dynamics-preserving network reduction, resulting in a condensed 49 node and 113 edge stomatal closure network that preserved all dynamics-determining network motifs and reproduced the predictions of the original model. We then utilized the reduced network to explore cases in which experimental activation of internal nodes in the absence of ABA elicited stomatal closure in wet bench experiments, but not in our in silico model. Our simulations revealed that addition of a single edge, which allows indirect inhibition of any one of three PP2C protein phosphatases (ABI2, PP2CA, HAB1) by cytosolic Ca2+ elevation, resolves the majority of the discrepancies. Consistent with this hypothesis, we experimentally show that Ca2+ application to cellular lysates at physiological concentrations inhibits PP2C activity. The model augmented with this new edge provides new insights into the role of cytosolic Ca2+ oscillations in stomatal closure, revealing a mutual reinforcement between repeated increases in cytosolic Ca2+ concentration and a self-sustaining feedback circuit inside the signaling network. These results illustrate how iteration between model and experiment can improve predictions of highly complex cellular dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parul Maheshwari
- Department of Physics, Penn State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Hao Du
- Department of Molecular Biology and Centre for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jen Sheen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Centre for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Sarah M. Assmann
- Biology Department, Penn State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Reka Albert
- Department of Physics, Penn State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Biology Department, Penn State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
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Raizada A, Souframanien J. Transcriptome sequencing, de novo assembly, characterisation of wild accession of blackgram (Vigna mungo var. silvestris) as a rich resource for development of molecular markers and validation of SNPs by high resolution melting (HRM) analysis. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 19:358. [PMID: 31419947 PMCID: PMC6697964 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-1954-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Blackgram [Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper], is an important legume crop of Asia with limited genomic resources. We report a comprehensive set of genic simple sequence repeat (SSR) and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) markers using Illumina MiSeq sequencing of transcriptome and its application in genetic variation analysis and mapping. RESULTS Transcriptome sequencing of immature seeds of wild blackgram, V. mungo var. silvestris by Illumina MiSeq technology generated 1.9 × 107 reads, which were assembled into 40,178 transcripts (TCS) with an average length of 446 bp covering 2.97 GB of the genome. A total of 38,753 CDS (Coding sequences) were predicted from 40,178 TCS and 28,984 CDS were annotated through BLASTX and mapped to GO and KEGG database resulting in 140 unique pathways. The tri-nucleotides were most abundant (39.9%) followed by di-nucleotide (30.2%). About 60.3 and 37.6% of SSR motifs were present in the coding sequences (CDS) and untranslated regions (UTRs) respectively. Among SNPs, the most abundant substitution type were transitions (Ts) (61%) followed by transversions (Tv) type (39%), with a Ts/Tv ratio of 1.58. A total of 2306 DEGs were identified by RNA Seq between wild and cultivar and validation was done by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. In this study, we genotyped SNPs with a validation rate of 78.87% by High Resolution Melting (HRM) Assay. CONCLUSION In the present study, 1621genic-SSR and 1844 SNP markers were developed from immature seed transcriptome sequence of blackgram and 31 genic-SSR markers were used to study genetic variations among different blackgram accessions. Above developed markers contribute towards enriching available genomic resources for blackgram and aid in breeding programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avi Raizada
- Nuclear Agriculture and Biotechnology Division, BARC, Trombay, Mumbai, Trombay, 400085, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, Anushakti Nagar, 400094, India
| | - J Souframanien
- Nuclear Agriculture and Biotechnology Division, BARC, Trombay, Mumbai, Trombay, 400085, India.
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, Anushakti Nagar, 400094, India.
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Bi C, Ma Y, Jiang SC, Mei C, Wang XF, Zhang DP. Arabidopsis translation initiation factors eIFiso4G1/2 link repression of mRNA cap-binding complex eIFiso4F assembly with RNA-binding protein SOAR1-mediated ABA signaling. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2019; 223:1388-1406. [PMID: 31050354 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The translation initiation factor eIF4E-binding protein-mediated regulation of protein translation by interfering with assembly of mRNA cap-binding complex eIF4F is well described in mammalian and yeast cells. However, it remains unknown whether a signaling regulator or pathway interacts directly with any translation initiation factor to modulate assembly of eIF4F in plant cells. Here, we report that the two isoforms of Arabidopsis eIF4G, eIFiso4G1 and eIFiso4G2, interact with a cytoplasmic-nuclear dual-localized pentatricopeptide repeat protein SOAR1 to regulate abscisic acid (ABA) signaling. SOAR1 inhibits interactions of eIFiso4E, eIF4Es, eIF4A1, eIF4B2 and poly(A)-binding protein PAB6 with eIFiso4G1 and eIFiso4G2, thereby inhibiting eIFiso4F/mixed eIF4F assembly and repressing translation initiation. SOAR1 binds mRNA of a key ABA-responsive gene ABI5 and cooperates with eIFiso4G1/2 to repress translation of ABI5. The binding of SOAR1 to ABI5 mRNA is likely to inhibit the interaction of SOAR1 with eIFiso4G1/2, suggesting a regulatory loop. Our findings identify a novel translation initiation repressor interfering with cap-binding complex assembly, and establish a link between cap-binding complex assembly and ABA signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Bi
- MOE Systems Biology and Bioinformatics Laboratory, Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yu Ma
- MOE Systems Biology and Bioinformatics Laboratory, Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Shang-Chuan Jiang
- MOE Systems Biology and Bioinformatics Laboratory, Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Chao Mei
- MOE Systems Biology and Bioinformatics Laboratory, Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Xiao-Fang Wang
- MOE Systems Biology and Bioinformatics Laboratory, Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Da-Peng Zhang
- MOE Systems Biology and Bioinformatics Laboratory, Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
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Liang Y, Jiang Y, Du M, Li B, Chen L, Chen M, Jin D, Wu J. ZmASR3 from the Maize ASR Gene Family Positively Regulates Drought Tolerance in Transgenic Arabidopsis. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E2278. [PMID: 31072025 PMCID: PMC6539908 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20092278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 05/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Abscisic acid (ABA)-, stress-, and ripening-induced (ASR) proteins are reported to be involved in drought stress responses. However, the function of maize ASR genes in enhancing drought tolerance is not known. Here, nine maize ASR members were cloned, and the molecular features of these genes were analyzed. Phenotype results of overexpression of maize ZmASR3 gene in Arabidopsis showed lower malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and higher relative water content (RWC) and proline content than the wild type under drought conditions, demonstrating that ZmASR3 can improve drought tolerance. Further experiments showed that ZmASR3-overexpressing transgenic lines displayed increased stomatal closure and reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation by increasing the enzyme activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) under drought conditions. Moreover, overexpression of ZmASR3 in Arabidopsis increased ABA content and reduced sensitivity to exogenous ABA in both the germination and post-germination stages. In addition, the ROS-related, stress-responsive, and ABA-dependent pathway genes were activated in transgenic lines under drought stress. Taken together, these results suggest that ZmASR3 acts as a positive regulator of drought tolerance in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yani Liang
- National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
| | - Yingli Jiang
- National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
| | - Ming Du
- National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
| | - Baoyan Li
- Institute of Plant Protection, Yantai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yantai 265500, China.
| | - Long Chen
- National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
| | - Mingchao Chen
- National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
| | - Demiao Jin
- National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
| | - Jiandong Wu
- National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
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Sun B, Zhao Y, Shi S, Yang M, Xiao K. TaZFP1, a C2H2 type-ZFP gene of T. aestivum, mediates salt stress tolerance of plants by modulating diverse stress-defensive physiological processes. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2019; 136:127-142. [PMID: 30665058 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2019.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Salt stress suppresses plant growth, development, and crop productivity. In this study, we characterized the role of TaZFP1, a C2H2 type-zinc finger protein family member of T. aestivum, in salt stress tolerance. TaZFP1 possesses a conserved C2H2 motif (CX2-4CX12HX3-5H) shared by plant ZFP proteins, translocates to the nucleus after endoplasmic reticulum (ER) assortment, and displays a ZF 3-D structure similar to its eukaryote homologs. The transcripts of TaZFP1 were upregulated during salt stress condition and this effect was restored under normal conditions. Compared to wild type (WT), the transgenic lines of TaZFP1 overexpression or knockdown displayed improved phenotypes, biomass, photosynthesis parameters (Pn, ΨPSII, and NPQ), osmolytes contents (i.e. proline and soluble sugar), and enhanced antioxidant enzyme (AE) activity following salt stress treatment. A set of genes associated with proline synthesis (i.e., NtP5CS1 and NtP5CS2) and encoding AEs (i.e., NtSOD2, NtCAT1, and NtPOD4) were upregulated in the salt-challenged transgenic lines of TaZFP1 expression. Additionally, the transgenic lines exhibited similar stomata movement patterns and leaf water retention properties under salinity conditions compared to those induced by exogenous abscisic acid (ABA) treatment, suggesting that the TaZFP1-mediated salt response is dependent on the ABA signaling. High throughput RNAseq analysis revealed significant alteration of gene transcription in transgenic lines upon salt stress. Among them, the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) represented by the gene ontology (GO) terms were associated with organic acid, carboxylic acid, carbohydrate, and coenzyme as well as organonitrogen compounds, translation, peptide metabolism, and peptide biosynthesis. A set of upregulated DEGs were found to be thylakoid- and photosystem-associated, which is consistent with the TaZFP1-mediated improvement in photosynthesis in salt-stressed transgenic lines. Our investigation indicated that the TaZFP1-mediated salt tolerance is ascribed to the regulation of gene functions related to photosynthesis, osmolytes metabolism and ROS homeostasis mediated by ABA signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binggao Sun
- College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation of Hebei Province, 289 Lingyusi Street, Baoding, 071001, PR China
| | - Yingjia Zhao
- College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation of Hebei Province, 289 Lingyusi Street, Baoding, 071001, PR China
| | - Shuya Shi
- College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation of Hebei Province, 289 Lingyusi Street, Baoding, 071001, PR China
| | - Mengya Yang
- College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation of Hebei Province, 289 Lingyusi Street, Baoding, 071001, PR China
| | - Kai Xiao
- College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation of Hebei Province, 289 Lingyusi Street, Baoding, 071001, PR China.
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Effects of green seaweed extract on Arabidopsis early development suggest roles for hormone signalling in plant responses to algal fertilisers. Sci Rep 2019; 9:1983. [PMID: 30760853 PMCID: PMC6374390 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-38093-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The growing population requires sustainable, environmentally-friendly crops. The plant growth-enhancing properties of algal extracts have suggested their use as biofertilisers. The mechanism(s) by which algal extracts affect plant growth are unknown. We examined the effects of extracts from the common green seaweed Ulva intestinalis on germination and root development in the model land plant Arabidopsis thaliana. Ulva extract concentrations above 0.1% inhibited Arabidopsis germination and root growth. Ulva extract <0.1% stimulated root growth. All concentrations of Ulva extract inhibited lateral root formation. An abscisic-acid-insensitive mutant, abi1, showed altered sensitivity to germination- and root growth-inhibition. Ethylene- and cytokinin-insensitive mutants were partly insensitive to germination-inhibition. This suggests that different mechanisms mediate each effect of Ulva extract on early Arabidopsis development and that multiple hormones contribute to germination-inhibition. Elemental analysis showed that Ulva contains high levels of Aluminium ions (Al3+). Ethylene and cytokinin have been suggested to function in Al3+-mediated root growth inhibition: our data suggest that if Ulva Al3+ levels inhibit root growth, this is via a novel mechanism. We suggest algal extracts should be used cautiously as fertilisers, as the inhibitory effects on early development may outweigh any benefits if the concentration of extract is too high.
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Overexpression of TaCOMT Improves Melatonin Production and Enhances Drought Tolerance in Transgenic Arabidopsis. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20030652. [PMID: 30717398 PMCID: PMC6387377 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20030652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) is involved in many developmental processes and responses to various abiotic stresses in plants. Most of the studies on melatonin focus on its functions and physiological responses in plants, while its regulation mechanism remains unknown. Caffeic acid 3-O-methyltransferase (COMT) functions at a key step of the biosynthesis process of melatonin. In this study, a COMT-like gene, TaCOMT (Traes_1AL_D9035D5E0.1) was identified in common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Transient transformation in wheat protoplasts determined that TaCOMT is localized in cytoplasm. TaCOMT in wheat was induced by drought stress, gibberellin (GA)3 and 3-Indoleacetic acid (IAA), but not by ABA. In TaCOMT transgenic Arabidopsis, melatonin contents were higher than that in wild type (WT) plants. Under D-Mannitol treatment, the fresh weight of the transgenic Arabidopsis was significantly higher than WT, and transgenic lines had a stronger root system compared to WT. Drought tolerance assays in pots showed that the survival rate of TaCOMT-overexpression lines was significantly higher than that of WT lines. this phenotype was similar to that the WT lines treated with melatonin under drought condition. In addition, the TaCOMT transgenic lines had higher proline content and lower malondialdehyde (MDA) content compared to WT lines after drought treatment. These results indicated that overexpression of the wheat TaCOMT gene enhances drought tolerance and increases the content of melatonin in transgenic Arabidopsis. It could be one of the potential genes for agricultural applications.
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Wang NN, Xu SW, Sun YL, Liu D, Zhou L, Li Y, Li XB. The cotton WRKY transcription factor (GhWRKY33) reduces transgenic Arabidopsis resistance to drought stress. Sci Rep 2019; 9:724. [PMID: 30679609 PMCID: PMC6346051 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-37035-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
As the important source of natural fibers in the textile industry, cotton fiber quality and yield are often restricted to drought conditions because most of cotton plants in the world grow in the regions with water shortage. WRKY transcription factors regulate multiple plant physiological processes, including drought stress response. However, little is known of how the WRKY genes respond to drought stress in cotton. Our previous study revealed GhWRKY33 is leaf-specific and induced by drought stress. In this study, our data showed GhWRKY33 protein localizes to the cell nucleus and is able to bind to “W-box” cis-acting elements of the target promoters. Under drought stress, GhWRKY33 overexpressing transgenic Arabidopsis was withered much more quickly than wild type due to faster water loss. Moreover, GhWRKY33 transgenic plants displayed more tolerance to abscisic acid (ABA), relative to wild type. Expression of some drought stress-related genes and ABA-responsive genes were changed in the GhWRKY33 transgenic Arabidopsis with drought or ABA treatment. Collectively, our findings indicate that GhWRKY33 may act as a negative regulator to mediate plant response to drought stress and to participate in the ABA signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na-Na Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Shang-Wei Xu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Yun-Lue Sun
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Dong Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Li Zhou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Yang Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, China.
| | - Xue-Bao Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, China.
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Phosphoproteomics of Arabidopsis Highly ABA-Induced1 identifies AT-Hook-Like10 phosphorylation required for stress growth regulation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:2354-2363. [PMID: 30670655 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1819971116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The clade A protein phosphatase 2C Highly ABA-Induced 1 (HAI1) plays an important role in stress signaling, yet little information is available on HAI1-regulated phosphoproteins. Quantitative phosphoproteomics identified phosphopeptides of increased abundance in hai1-2 in unstressed plants and in plants exposed to low-water potential (drought) stress. The identity and localization of the phosphoproteins as well as enrichment of specific phosphorylation motifs indicated that these phosphorylation sites may be regulated directly by HAI1 or by HAI1-regulated kinases including mitogen-activated protein kinases, sucrose non-fermenting-related kinase 2, or casein kinases. One of the phosphosites putatively regulated by HAI1 was S313/S314 of AT-Hook-Like10 (AHL10), a DNA-binding protein of unclear function. HAI1 could directly dephosphorylate AHL10 in vitro, and the level of HAI1 expression affected the abundance of phosphorylated AHL10 in vivo. AHL10 S314 phosphorylation was critical for restriction of plant growth under low-water potential stress and for regulation of jasmonic acid and auxin-related gene expression as well as expression of developmental regulators including Shootmeristemless These genes were also misregulated in hai1-2 AHL10 S314 phosphorylation was required for AHL10 complexes to form foci within the nucleoplasm, suggesting that S314 phosphorylation may control AHL10 association with the nuclear matrix or with other transcriptional regulators. These data identify a set of HAI1-affected phosphorylation sites, show that HAI1-regulated phosphorylation of AHL10 S314 controls AHL10 function and localization, and indicate that HAI1-AHL10 signaling coordinates growth with stress and defense responses.
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Wang X, Guo C, Peng J, Li C, Wan F, Zhang S, Zhou Y, Yan Y, Qi L, Sun K, Yang S, Gong Z, Li J. ABRE-BINDING FACTORS play a role in the feedback regulation of ABA signaling by mediating rapid ABA induction of ABA co-receptor genes. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2019; 221:341-355. [PMID: 30019753 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Group A protein phosphatase 2Cs (PP2Cs) are abscisic acid (ABA) co-receptors that negatively regulate the ABA signaling pathway by inhibiting the downstream SnRK2 protein kinases. It has long been observed that exogenous ABA treatments dramatically induce the expression of group A PP2C genes, but the underlying molecular mechanisms and the biological significance remain largely unknown. Here, by using GUS reporter transgenic lines in which various lengths of ABI1 and ABI2 promoters were used to drive GUS gene expression, we defined the promoter fragments that confer ABA inducibility to ABI1 and ABI2. We further showed that ABRE-binding factors (ABFs), the bZIP family transcription factors, directly bind to the promoters of group A PP2C genes, and mediate rapid induction of their expression on exogenous ABA treatments. Moreover, our data indicated that ABA dramatically induces the expression of ABF genes and the accumulation of endogenous ABF proteins, and that ABFs themselves are involved in this induction, thus providing another layer of ABA regulation towards ABF proteins in addition to the well-characterized ABA-induced phosphorylation by SnRK2 protein kinases. Together, our data demonstrate that ABFs mediate rapid ABA induction of group A PP2C genes, thus playing a role in the negative feedback regulation of ABA signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoji Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Can Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jing Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Cong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Fangfang Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Shaoman Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yangyang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yan Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Lijuan Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Kaiwen Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Shuhua Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zhizhong Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jigang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
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An Evolutionarily Conserved Abscisic Acid Signaling Pathway Regulates Dormancy in the Liverwort Marchantia polymorpha. Curr Biol 2018; 28:3691-3699.e3. [PMID: 30416060 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2018.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Revised: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Dormancy is a key process allowing land plants to adapt to changing conditions in the terrestrial habitat, allowing the cessation of growth in response to environmental or physiological cues, entrance into a temporary quiescent state, and subsequent reactivation of growth in more favorable environmental conditions [1-3]. Dormancy may be induced seasonally, sporadically (e.g., in response to drought), or developmentally (e.g., seeds and apical dominance). Asexual propagules, known as gemmae, derived via clonal reproduction in bryophytes, are often dormant until displaced from the parent plant. In the liverwort Marchantia polymorpha, gemmae are produced within specialized receptacles, gemma cups, located on the dorsal side of the vegetative thallus [4]. Mature gemmae are detached from the parent plant but may remain in the cup, with gemma growth suppressed as long as the gemmae remain in the gemma cup and the parental plant is alive [5]. Following dispersal of gemmae from gemma cups by rain, the gemmae germinate in the presence of light and moisture, producing clonal offspring [6]. In land plants, the plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA) regulates many aspects of dormancy and water balance [7]. Here, we demonstrate that ABA plays a central role in the control of gemma dormancy as transgenic M. polymorpha gemmae with reduced sensitivity to ABA fail to establish and/or maintain dormancy. Thus, the common ancestor of land plants used the ABA signaling module to regulate germination of progeny in response to environmental cues, with both gemmae and seeds being derived structures co-opting an ancestral response system.
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