1
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Zhang X, Shi H, Hendy DA, Bachelder EM, Ainslie KM, Ross TM. Multi-COBRA hemagglutinin formulated with cGAMP microparticles elicits protective immune responses against influenza viruses. mSphere 2024:e0016024. [PMID: 38920382 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00160-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
In humans, seasonal influenza viruses cause epidemics. Avian influenza viruses are of particular concern because they can infect multiple species and lead to unpredictable and severe disease. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a universal influenza vaccine that provides protection against all influenza strains. The cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP) is a promising adjuvant for subunit vaccines, which promotes type I interferons' production through the stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathway. The encapsulation of cGAMP in acetalated dextran (Ace-DEX) microparticles (MPs) enhances its intracellular delivery. In this study, the Computationally Optimized Broadly Reactive Antigen (COBRA) methodology was used to generate H1, H3, and H5 vaccine candidates. Monovalent and multivalent COBRA HA vaccines formulated with cGAMP Ace-DEX MPs were evaluated in mice for protective antibody responses. cGAMP MPs adjuvanted COBRA HA vaccines elicited robust antigen-specific antibodies following vaccination. Compared with COBRA HA vaccine groups with no adjuvant or blank MPs, the cGAMP MPs enhanced HAI activity elicited by COBRA HA vaccines. The HAI activity was not significantly different between cGAMP MPs adjuvanted monovalent or multivalent COBRA HA vaccines. The cGAMP MPs adjuvanted COBRA vaccine groups had higher antigen-specific IgG2a-binding titers than the COBRA vaccine groups with no adjuvant or blank MPs. The COBRA vaccines formulated with cGAMP MPs mitigated diseases caused by influenza viral challenge and decreased pulmonary viral titers in mice. Therefore, the formulation of COBRA vaccines plus cGAMP MPs is a promising universal influenza vaccine that elicits protective immune responses against human seasonal and pre-pandemic strains. IMPORTANCE Influenza viruses cause severe respiratory disease, particularly in the very young and the elderly. Next-generation influenza vaccines are needed to protect against new influenza variants. This report used a promising adjuvant, cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP), to enhance the elicited antibodies by an improved influenza hemagglutinin candidate and protect against influenza virus infection. Overall, adding adjuvants to influenza vaccines is an effective method to improve vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojian Zhang
- Center for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Hua Shi
- Center for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Dylan A Hendy
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Eric M Bachelder
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Kristy M Ainslie
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, UNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ted M Ross
- Center for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
- Florida Research and Innovation Center, Cleveland Clinic, Port Saint Lucie, Florida, USA
- Department of Infection Biology, Lehner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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2
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Ramos KE, Okba NMA, Tan J, Bandawane P, Meade PS, Loganathan M, Francis B, Shulenin S, Holtsberg FW, Aman MJ, McMahon M, Krammer F, Lai JR. Broadly protective bispecific antibodies that simultaneously target influenza virus hemagglutinin and neuraminidase. mBio 2024:e0108524. [PMID: 38899870 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01085-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are an attractive therapeutic platform for the prevention and treatment of influenza virus infection. There are two major glycoproteins on the influenza virion surface: hemagglutinin (HA), which is responsible for viral attachment and entry, and neuraminidase (NA), which mediates viral egress by enzymatically cleaving sialic acid to release budding particles from the host cell surface. Broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) that target the conserved HA central stalk region, such as CR9114, can inhibit both viral entry and egress. More recently, broadly binding mAbs that engage and inhibit the NA active site, such as 1G01, have been described to prevent viral egress. Here, we engineered bispecific antibodies (bsAbs) that combine the variable domains of CR9114 and 1G01 into a single molecule and evaluated if simultaneous targeting of two different glycoproteins improved antiviral properties in vitro and in vivo. Several CR9114/1G01 bsAbs were generated with various configurations of the two sets of the variable domains ("bsAb formats"). We found that combinations employing the addition of a single-chain variable fragment in the hinge region of an IgG scaffold had the best properties in terms of expression, stability, and binding. Further characterization of selected bsAbs showed potent neutralizing and egress-inhibiting activity. One such bsAb ("hSC_CR9114_1G01") provided higher levels of prophylactic protection from mortality and morbidity upon challenge with H1N1 than either of the parental mAbs at low dosing (1 mg/kg). These results highlight the potential use of bsAbs that simultaneously target HA and NA as new influenza immunotherapeutics. IMPORTANCE Infection by the influenza virus remains a global health burden. The approaches utilized here to augment the activity of broadly protective influenza virus antibodies may lead to a new class of immunotherapies with enhanced activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin E Ramos
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Nisreen M A Okba
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Center for Vaccine Research and Pandemic Preparedness (C-VaRPP), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jessica Tan
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Pooja Bandawane
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Center for Vaccine Research and Pandemic Preparedness (C-VaRPP), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Philip S Meade
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Madhumathi Loganathan
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Benjamin Francis
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | | | | | - M Javad Aman
- Integrated BioTherapeutics, Inc., Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Meagan McMahon
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Florian Krammer
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Center for Vaccine Research and Pandemic Preparedness (C-VaRPP), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell-Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Ignaz Semmelweis Institute, Interuniversity Institute for Infection Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jonathan R Lai
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
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3
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Wolters RM, Ferguson JA, Nuñez IA, Chen EE, Sornberger T, Myers L, Oeverdieck S, Raghavan SSR, Kona C, Handal LS, Esilu TE, Davidson E, Doranz BJ, Engdahl TB, Kose N, Williamson LE, Creech CB, Gibson-Corley KN, Ward AB, Crowe JE. Isolation of human antibodies against influenza B neuraminidase and mechanisms of protection at the airway interface. Immunity 2024; 57:1413-1427.e9. [PMID: 38823390 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2024.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
Influenza B viruses (IBVs) comprise a substantial portion of the circulating seasonal human influenza viruses. Here, we describe the isolation of human monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that recognized the IBV neuraminidase (NA) glycoprotein from an individual following seasonal vaccination. Competition-binding experiments suggested the antibodies recognized two major antigenic sites. One group, which included mAb FluB-393, broadly inhibited IBV NA sialidase activity, protected prophylactically in vivo, and bound to the lateral corner of NA. The second group contained an active site mAb, FluB-400, that broadly inhibited IBV NA sialidase activity and virus replication in vitro in primary human respiratory epithelial cell cultures and protected against IBV in vivo when administered systemically or intranasally. Overall, the findings described here shape our mechanistic understanding of the human immune response to the IBV NA glycoprotein through the demonstration of two mAb delivery routes for protection against IBV and the identification of potential IBV therapeutic candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachael M Wolters
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - James A Ferguson
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Ivette A Nuñez
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Elaine E Chen
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Ty Sornberger
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Luke Myers
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Svearike Oeverdieck
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Sai Sundar Rajan Raghavan
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Chandrahaas Kona
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Laura S Handal
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | | | | | | | - Taylor B Engdahl
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Nurgun Kose
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Lauren E Williamson
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - C Buddy Creech
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Katherine N Gibson-Corley
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
| | - Andrew B Ward
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
| | - James E Crowe
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
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4
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Pascha MN, Ballegeer M, Roelofs MC, Meuris L, Albulescu IC, van Kuppeveld FJM, Hurdiss DL, Bosch BJ, Zeev-Ben-Mordehai T, Saelens X, de Haan CAM. Nanoparticle display of neuraminidase elicits enhanced antibody responses and protection against influenza A virus challenge. NPJ Vaccines 2024; 9:97. [PMID: 38821988 PMCID: PMC11143307 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-024-00891-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Current Influenza virus vaccines primarily induce antibody responses against variable epitopes in hemagglutinin (HA), necessitating frequent updates. However, antibodies against neuraminidase (NA) can also confer protection against influenza, making NA an attractive target for the development of novel vaccines. In this study, we aimed to enhance the immunogenicity of recombinant NA antigens by presenting them multivalently on a nanoparticle carrier. Soluble tetrameric NA antigens of the N1 and N2 subtypes, confirmed to be correctly folded by cryo-electron microscopy structural analysis, were conjugated to Mi3 self-assembling protein nanoparticles using the SpyTag-SpyCatcher system. Immunization of mice with NA-Mi3 nanoparticles induced higher titers of NA-binding and -inhibiting antibodies and improved protection against a lethal challenge compared to unconjugated NA. Additionally, we explored the co-presentation of N1 and N2 antigens on the same Mi3 particles to create a mosaic vaccine candidate. These mosaic nanoparticles elicited antibody titers that were similar or superior to the homotypic nanoparticles and effectively protected against H1N1 and H3N2 challenge viruses. The NA-Mi3 nanoparticles represent a promising vaccine candidate that could complement HA-directed approaches for enhanced potency and broadened protection against influenza A virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- M N Pascha
- Section of Virology, Division of Infectious Diseases & Immunology, Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - M Ballegeer
- VIB Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent University, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - M C Roelofs
- Structural Biochemistry, Bijvoet Centre for Biomolecular Research, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - L Meuris
- VIB Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent University, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - I C Albulescu
- Section of Virology, Division of Infectious Diseases & Immunology, Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - F J M van Kuppeveld
- Section of Virology, Division of Infectious Diseases & Immunology, Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - D L Hurdiss
- Section of Virology, Division of Infectious Diseases & Immunology, Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - B J Bosch
- Section of Virology, Division of Infectious Diseases & Immunology, Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - T Zeev-Ben-Mordehai
- Structural Biochemistry, Bijvoet Centre for Biomolecular Research, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - X Saelens
- VIB Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB, 9052, Ghent, Belgium.
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent University, 9052, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - C A M de Haan
- Section of Virology, Division of Infectious Diseases & Immunology, Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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5
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Petersen BM, Kirby MB, Chrispens KM, Irvin OM, Strawn IK, Haas CM, Walker AM, Baumer ZT, Ulmer SA, Ayala E, Rhodes ER, Guthmiller JJ, Steiner PJ, Whitehead TA. An integrated technology for quantitative wide mutational scanning of human antibody Fab libraries. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3974. [PMID: 38730230 PMCID: PMC11087541 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48072-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Antibodies are engineerable quantities in medicine. Learning antibody molecular recognition would enable the in silico design of high affinity binders against nearly any proteinaceous surface. Yet, publicly available experiment antibody sequence-binding datasets may not contain the mutagenic, antigenic, or antibody sequence diversity necessary for deep learning approaches to capture molecular recognition. In part, this is because limited experimental platforms exist for assessing quantitative and simultaneous sequence-function relationships for multiple antibodies. Here we present MAGMA-seq, an integrated technology that combines multiple antigens and multiple antibodies and determines quantitative biophysical parameters using deep sequencing. We demonstrate MAGMA-seq on two pooled libraries comprising mutants of nine different human antibodies spanning light chain gene usage, CDR H3 length, and antigenic targets. We demonstrate the comprehensive mapping of potential antibody development pathways, sequence-binding relationships for multiple antibodies simultaneously, and identification of paratope sequence determinants for binding recognition for broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs). MAGMA-seq enables rapid and scalable antibody engineering of multiple lead candidates because it can measure binding for mutants of many given parental antibodies in a single experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian M Petersen
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Monica B Kirby
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Karson M Chrispens
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Olivia M Irvin
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Isabell K Strawn
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Cyrus M Haas
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Alexis M Walker
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Zachary T Baumer
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Sophia A Ulmer
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Edgardo Ayala
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Emily R Rhodes
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Jenna J Guthmiller
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Paul J Steiner
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Timothy A Whitehead
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA.
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6
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Chen N, Wang R, Zhu W, Hao X, Wang J, Chen G, Qiao C, Li X, Liu C, Shen B, Feng J, Chai L, Yu Z, Xiao H. Development and characterization of an antibody that recognizes influenza virus N1 neuraminidases. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0302865. [PMID: 38723016 PMCID: PMC11081314 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0302865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Influenza A viruses (IAVs) continue to pose a huge threat to public health, and their prevention and treatment remain major international issues. Neuraminidase (NA) is the second most abundant surface glycoprotein on influenza viruses, and antibodies to NA have been shown to be effective against influenza infection. In this study, we generated a monoclonal antibody (mAb), named FNA1, directed toward N1 NAs. FNA1 reacted with H1N1 and H5N1 NA, but failed to react with the NA proteins of H3N2 and H7N9. In vitro, FNA1 displayed potent antiviral activity that mediated both NA inhibition (NI) and blocking of pseudovirus release. Moreover, residues 219, 254, 358, and 388 in the NA protein were critical for FNA1 binding to H1N1 NA. However, further validation is necessary to confirm whether FNA1 mAb is indeed a good inhibitor against NA for application against H1N1 and H5N1 viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
| | - Renxi Wang
- Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Ministry of Science and Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Wanlu Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
- Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug Engineering, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Xiangjun Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
- Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug Engineering, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
| | - Guojiang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
| | - ChunXia Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
| | - Xinying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
| | - Chenghua Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
| | - Beifen Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
| | - Jiannan Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
| | - Lihui Chai
- Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug Engineering, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Zuyin Yu
- Department of Experimental Hematology and Biochemistry, Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - He Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
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7
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Li Y, Huo S, Yin Z, Tian Z, Huang F, Liu P, Liu Y, Yu F. Retracted and republished from: "The current state of research on influenza antiviral drug development: drugs in clinical trial and licensed drugs". mBio 2024; 15:e0017524. [PMID: 38551343 PMCID: PMC11077966 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00175-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Influenza viruses (IVs) threaten global human health due to the high morbidity, infection, and mortality rates. Currently, the influenza drugs recommended by the Food and Drug Administration are oseltamivir, zanamivir, peramivir, and baloxavir marboxil. These recommended antivirals are currently effective for major subtypes of IVs as the compounds target conserved domains in neuraminidase or polymerase acidic (PA) protein. However, this trend may gradually change due to the selection of antiviral drugs and the natural evolution of IVs. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop drugs related to the treatment of influenza to deal with the next pandemic. Here, we summarized the cutting-edge research in mechanism of action, inhibitory activity, and clinical efficacy of drugs that have been approved and drugs that are still in clinical trials for influenza treatment. We hope this review will provide up-to-date and comprehensive information on influenza antivirals and generate hypotheses for screens and development of new broad-spectrum influenza drugs in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanbai Li
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Analysis and Control of Zoonotic Pathogenic Microorganism, Hebei Wild Animal Health Center, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Shanshan Huo
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Analysis and Control of Zoonotic Pathogenic Microorganism, Hebei Wild Animal Health Center, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Zhe Yin
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Analysis and Control of Zoonotic Pathogenic Microorganism, Hebei Wild Animal Health Center, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Zuguang Tian
- Department of High-Tech Development, Baoding City Science and Technology Bureau, Baoding, China
| | - Fang Huang
- Epidemic Prevention Laboratory, Tongzhou District Center For Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Liu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Analysis and Control of Zoonotic Pathogenic Microorganism, Hebei Wild Animal Health Center, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Yue Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Fei Yu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Analysis and Control of Zoonotic Pathogenic Microorganism, Hebei Wild Animal Health Center, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
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8
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Luczo JM, Spackman E. Epitopes in the HA and NA of H5 and H7 avian influenza viruses that are important for antigenic drift. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2024; 48:fuae014. [PMID: 38734891 PMCID: PMC11149724 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuae014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Avian influenza viruses evolve antigenically to evade host immunity. Two influenza A virus surface glycoproteins, the haemagglutinin and neuraminidase, are the major targets of host immunity and undergo antigenic drift in response to host pre-existing humoral and cellular immune responses. Specific sites have been identified as important epitopes in prominent subtypes such as H5 and H7, which are of animal and public health significance due to their panzootic and pandemic potential. The haemagglutinin is the immunodominant immunogen, it has been extensively studied, and the antigenic reactivity is closely monitored to ensure candidate vaccine viruses are protective. More recently, the neuraminidase has received increasing attention for its role as a protective immunogen. The neuraminidase is expressed at a lower abundance than the haemagglutinin on the virus surface but does elicit a robust antibody response. This review aims to compile the current information on haemagglutinin and neuraminidase epitopes and immune escape mutants of H5 and H7 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses. Understanding the evolution of immune escape mutants and the location of epitopes is critical for identification of vaccine strains and development of broadly reactive vaccines that can be utilized in humans and animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmina M Luczo
- Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Australian Centre for Disease Preparedness, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, East Geelong, Victoria 3219, Australia
| | - Erica Spackman
- Exotic & Emerging Avian Viral Diseases Research, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, United States National Poultry Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Athens, GA 30605, United States
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9
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Yuan M, Wilson IA. The D Gene in CDR H3 Determines a Public Class of Human Antibodies to SARS-CoV-2. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:467. [PMID: 38793718 PMCID: PMC11126049 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12050467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Public antibody responses have been found against many infectious agents. Structural convergence of public antibodies is usually determined by immunoglobulin V genes. Recently, a human antibody public class against SARS-CoV-2 was reported, where the D gene (IGHD3-22) encodes a common YYDxxG motif in heavy-chain complementarity-determining region 3 (CDR H3), which determines specificity for the receptor-binding domain (RBD). In this review, we discuss the isolation, structural characterization, and genetic analyses of this class of antibodies, which have been isolated from various cohorts of COVID-19 convalescents and vaccinees. All eleven YYDxxG antibodies with available structures target the SARS-CoV-2 RBD in a similar binding mode, where the CDR H3 dominates the interaction with antigen. The antibodies target a conserved site on the RBD that does not overlap with the receptor-binding site, but their particular angle of approach results in direct steric hindrance to receptor binding, which enables both neutralization potency and breadth. We also review the properties of CDR H3-dominant antibodies that target other human viruses. Overall, unlike most public antibodies, which are identified by their V gene usage, this newly discovered public class of YYDxxG antibodies is dominated by a D-gene-encoded motif and uncovers further opportunities for germline-targeting vaccine design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Yuan
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA;
| | - Ian A. Wilson
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA;
- The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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10
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Halwe NJ, Hamberger L, Sehl-Ewert J, Mache C, Schön J, Ulrich L, Calvelage S, Tönnies M, Fuchs J, Bandawane P, Loganathan M, Abbad A, Carreño JM, Bermúdez-González MC, Simon V, Kandeil A, El-Shesheny R, Ali MA, Kayali G, Budt M, Hippenstiel S, Hocke AC, Krammer F, Wolff T, Schwemmle M, Ciminski K, Hoffmann D, Beer M. Bat-borne H9N2 influenza virus evades MxA restriction and exhibits efficient replication and transmission in ferrets. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3450. [PMID: 38664395 PMCID: PMC11045726 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47455-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Influenza A viruses (IAVs) of subtype H9N2 have reached an endemic stage in poultry farms in the Middle East and Asia. As a result, human infections with avian H9N2 viruses have been increasingly reported. In 2017, an H9N2 virus was isolated for the first time from Egyptian fruit bats (Rousettus aegyptiacus). Phylogenetic analyses revealed that bat H9N2 is descended from a common ancestor dating back centuries ago. However, the H9 and N2 sequences appear to be genetically similar to current avian IAVs, suggesting recent reassortment events. These observations raise the question of the zoonotic potential of the mammal-adapted bat H9N2. Here, we investigate the infection and transmission potential of bat H9N2 in vitro and in vivo, the ability to overcome the antiviral activity of the human MxA protein, and the presence of N2-specific cross-reactive antibodies in human sera. We show that bat H9N2 has high replication and transmission potential in ferrets, efficiently infects human lung explant cultures, and is able to evade antiviral inhibition by MxA in transgenic B6 mice. Together with its low antigenic similarity to the N2 of seasonal human strains, bat H9N2 fulfils key criteria for pre-pandemic IAVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nico Joel Halwe
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, 17493, Greifswald, Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Lea Hamberger
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Julia Sehl-Ewert
- Department of Experimental Animal Facilities and Biorisk Management, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, 17493, Greifswald, Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Christin Mache
- Unit 17, Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses, Robert Koch-Institut, Seestraße 10, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jacob Schön
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, 17493, Greifswald, Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Lorenz Ulrich
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, 17493, Greifswald, Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Sten Calvelage
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, 17493, Greifswald, Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Mario Tönnies
- HELIOS Clinic Emil von Behring, Department of Pneumology and Department of Thoracic Surgery, Chest Hospital Heckeshorn, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jonas Fuchs
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Pooja Bandawane
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Center for Vaccine Research and Pandemic Preparedness (C-VaRPP), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Madhumathi Loganathan
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Center for Vaccine Research and Pandemic Preparedness (C-VaRPP), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Anass Abbad
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Center for Vaccine Research and Pandemic Preparedness (C-VaRPP), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Juan Manuel Carreño
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Center for Vaccine Research and Pandemic Preparedness (C-VaRPP), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Maria C Bermúdez-González
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Center for Vaccine Research and Pandemic Preparedness (C-VaRPP), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Viviana Simon
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Center for Vaccine Research and Pandemic Preparedness (C-VaRPP), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- The Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ahmed Kandeil
- Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Virus, Institute of Environmental Research and Climate Changes, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
- Human Link DMCC, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Rabeh El-Shesheny
- Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Virus, Institute of Environmental Research and Climate Changes, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
- Human Link DMCC, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohamed A Ali
- Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Virus, Institute of Environmental Research and Climate Changes, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ghazi Kayali
- Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Virus, Institute of Environmental Research and Climate Changes, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
- Human Link DMCC, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Matthias Budt
- Unit 17, Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses, Robert Koch-Institut, Seestraße 10, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan Hippenstiel
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas C Hocke
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Florian Krammer
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Center for Vaccine Research and Pandemic Preparedness (C-VaRPP), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Thorsten Wolff
- Unit 17, Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses, Robert Koch-Institut, Seestraße 10, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Schwemmle
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Kevin Ciminski
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany.
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Donata Hoffmann
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, 17493, Greifswald, Insel Riems, Germany.
| | - Martin Beer
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, 17493, Greifswald, Insel Riems, Germany.
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11
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Sia ZR, Roy J, Huang WC, Song Y, Zhou S, Luo Y, Li Q, Arpin D, Kutscher HL, Ortega J, Davidson BA, Lovell JF. Adjuvanted nanoliposomes displaying six hemagglutinins and neuraminidases as an influenza virus vaccine. Cell Rep Med 2024; 5:101433. [PMID: 38401547 PMCID: PMC10982964 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2024.101433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
Inclusion of defined quantities of the two major surface proteins of influenza virus, hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA), could benefit seasonal influenza vaccines. Recombinant HA and NA multimeric proteins derived from three influenza serotypes, H1N1, H3N2, and type B, are surface displayed on nanoliposomes co-loaded with immunostimulatory adjuvants, generating "hexaplex" particles that are used to immunize mice. Protective immune responses to hexaplex liposomes involve functional antibody elicitation against each included antigen, comparable to vaccination with monovalent antigen particles. When compared to contemporary recombinant or adjuvanted influenza virus vaccines, hexaplex liposomes perform favorably in many areas, including antibody production, T cell activation, protection from lethal virus challenge, and protection following passive sera transfer. Based on these results, hexaplex liposomes warrant further investigation as an adjuvanted recombinant influenza vaccine formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary R Sia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
| | - Jayishnu Roy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
| | - Wei-Chiao Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA; POP Biotechnologies, Buffalo, NY 14228, USA
| | - Yiting Song
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
| | - Shiqi Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
| | - Yuan Luo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
| | - Qinzhe Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
| | - Dominic Arpin
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada
| | - Hilliard L Kutscher
- POP Biotechnologies, Buffalo, NY 14228, USA; Department of Medicine, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Joaquin Ortega
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada
| | - Bruce A Davidson
- Department of Anesthesiology, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA.
| | - Jonathan F Lovell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA.
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12
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Lederhofer J, Tsybovsky Y, Nguyen L, Raab JE, Creanga A, Stephens T, Gillespie RA, Syeda HZ, Fisher BE, Skertic M, Yap C, Schaub AJ, Rawi R, Kwong PD, Graham BS, McDermott AB, Andrews SF, King NP, Kanekiyo M. Protective human monoclonal antibodies target conserved sites of vulnerability on the underside of influenza virus neuraminidase. Immunity 2024; 57:574-586.e7. [PMID: 38430907 PMCID: PMC10962683 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2024.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Continuously evolving influenza viruses cause seasonal epidemics and pose global pandemic threats. Although viral neuraminidase (NA) is an effective drug and vaccine target, our understanding of the NA antigenic landscape still remains incomplete. Here, we describe NA-specific human antibodies that target the underside of the NA globular head domain, inhibit viral propagation of a wide range of human H3N2, swine-origin variant H3N2, and H2N2 viruses, and confer both pre- and post-exposure protection against lethal H3N2 infection in mice. Cryo-EM structures of two such antibodies in complex with NA reveal non-overlapping epitopes covering the underside of the NA head. These sites are highly conserved among N2 NAs yet inaccessible unless the NA head tilts or dissociates. Our findings help guide the development of effective countermeasures against ever-changing influenza viruses by identifying hidden conserved sites of vulnerability on the NA underside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Lederhofer
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Yaroslav Tsybovsky
- Vaccine Research Center Electron Microscopy Unit, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research sponsored by the National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Lam Nguyen
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Julie E Raab
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Adrian Creanga
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Tyler Stephens
- Vaccine Research Center Electron Microscopy Unit, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research sponsored by the National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Rebecca A Gillespie
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Hubza Z Syeda
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Brian E Fisher
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Michelle Skertic
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Christina Yap
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Andrew J Schaub
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Reda Rawi
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Peter D Kwong
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Barney S Graham
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Adrian B McDermott
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Sarah F Andrews
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Neil P King
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Masaru Kanekiyo
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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13
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Lim CML, Komarasamy TV, Adnan NAAB, Radhakrishnan AK, Balasubramaniam VRMT. Recent Advances, Approaches and Challenges in the Development of Universal Influenza Vaccines. Influenza Other Respir Viruses 2024; 18:e13276. [PMID: 38513364 PMCID: PMC10957243 DOI: 10.1111/irv.13276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Every year, influenza virus infections cause significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. They pose a substantial burden of disease, in terms of not only health but also the economy. Owing to the ability of influenza viruses to continuously evolve, annual seasonal influenza vaccines are necessary as a prophylaxis. However, current influenza vaccines against seasonal strains have limited effectiveness and require yearly reformulation due to the virus undergoing antigenic drift or shift. Vaccine mismatches are common, conferring suboptimal protection against seasonal outbreaks, and the threat of the next pandemic continues to loom. Therefore, there is a great need to develop a universal influenza vaccine (UIV) capable of providing broad and durable protection against all influenza virus strains. In the quest to develop a UIV that would obviate the need for annual vaccination and formulation, a multitude of strategies is currently underway. Promising approaches include targeting the highly conserved epitopes of haemagglutinin (HA), neuraminidase (NA), M2 extracellular domain (M2e) and internal proteins of the influenza virus. The identification and characterization of broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) targeting conserved regions of the viral HA protein, in particular, have provided important insight into novel vaccine designs and platforms. This review discusses universal vaccine approaches presently under development, with an emphasis on those targeting the highly conserved stalk of the HA protein, recent technological advancements used and the future prospects of a UIV in terms of its advantages, developmental obstacles and potential shortcomings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caryn Myn Li Lim
- Infection and Immunity Research Strength, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine & Health SciencesMonash University MalaysiaBandar SunwayMalaysia
| | - Thamil Vaani Komarasamy
- Infection and Immunity Research Strength, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine & Health SciencesMonash University MalaysiaBandar SunwayMalaysia
| | - Nur Amelia Azreen Binti Adnan
- Infection and Immunity Research Strength, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine & Health SciencesMonash University MalaysiaBandar SunwayMalaysia
| | - Ammu Kutty Radhakrishnan
- Infection and Immunity Research Strength, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine & Health SciencesMonash University MalaysiaBandar SunwayMalaysia
| | - Vinod R. M. T. Balasubramaniam
- Infection and Immunity Research Strength, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine & Health SciencesMonash University MalaysiaBandar SunwayMalaysia
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14
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Zhang X, Shi H, Hendy DA, Bachelder EM, Ainslie KM, Ross TM. Multi-COBRA hemagglutinin formulated with cGAMP microparticles elicit protective immune responses against influenza viruses. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.27.582355. [PMID: 38464191 PMCID: PMC10925245 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.27.582355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Influenza viruses cause a common respiratory disease known as influenza. In humans, seasonal influenza viruses can lead to epidemics, with avian influenza viruses of particular concern because they can infect multiple species and lead to unpredictable and severe disease. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a universal influenza vaccine that provides protection against seasonal and pre-pandemic influenza virus strains. The cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP) is a promising adjuvant for subunit vaccines that promotes type I interferons production through the stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathway. The encapsulation of cGAMP in acetalated dextran (Ace-DEX) microparticles (MPs) enhances its intracellular delivery. In this study, the Computationally Optimized Broadly Reactive Antigen (COBRA) methodology was used to generate H1, H3, and H5 vaccine candidates. Monovalent and multivalent COBRA HA vaccines formulated with cGAMP Ace-DEX MPs were evaluated in a mouse model for antibody responses and protection against viral challenge. Serological analysis showed that cGAMP MPs adjuvanted monovalent and multivalent COBRA vaccines elicited robust antigen-specific antibody responses after a prime-boost vaccination and antibody titers were further enhanced after second boost. Compared to COBRA vaccine groups with no adjuvant or blank MPs, the cGAMP MPs enhanced HAI antibody responses against COBRA vaccination. The HAI antibody titers were not significantly different between cGAMP MPs adjuvanted monovalent and multivalent COBRA vaccine groups for most of the viruses tested in panels. The cGAMP MPs adjuvanted COBRA vaccines groups had higher antigen-specific IgG2a binding titers than the COBRA vaccine groups with no adjuvant or blank MPs. The COBRA vaccines formulated with cGAMP MPs mitigated disease caused by influenza viral challenge and decreased pulmonary viral titers in mice. Therefore, the formulation of COBRA vaccines plus cGAMP MPs is a promising universal influenza vaccine that elicits protective immune responses against human seasonal and pre-pandemic strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojian Zhang
- Center for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Hua Shi
- Center for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Dylan A. Hendy
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Eric M. Bachelder
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Kristy M. Ainslie
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, UNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Ted M. Ross
- Center for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- Florida Research and Innovation Center, Port Saint, Cleveland Clinic Florida, Port St. Lucie, FL, USA; Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- Florida Research and Innovation Center, Cleveland Clinic, Port Saint Lucie, FL, USA
- Department of Infection Biology, Lehner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
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15
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He Y, Guo Z, Subiaur S, Benegal A, Vahey MD. Antibody inhibition of influenza A virus assembly and release. J Virol 2024; 98:e0139823. [PMID: 38179944 PMCID: PMC10878280 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01398-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Antibodies are frontline defenders against influenza virus infection, providing protection through multiple complementary mechanisms. Although a subset of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) has been shown to restrict replication at the level of virus assembly and release, it remains unclear how potent and pervasive this mechanism of protection is, due in part to the challenge of separating this effect from other aspects of antibody function. To address this question, we developed imaging-based assays to determine how effectively a broad range of mAbs against the IAV surface proteins can specifically restrict viral egress. We find that classically neutralizing antibodies against hemagglutinin are broadly multifunctional, inhibiting virus assembly and release at concentrations 1-20-fold higher than the concentrations at which they inhibit viral entry. These antibodies are also capable of altering the morphological features of shed virions, reducing the proportion of filamentous particles. We find that antibodies against neuraminidase and M2 also restrict viral egress and that inhibition by anti-neuraminidase mAbs is only partly attributable to a loss in enzymatic activity. In all cases, antigen crosslinking-either on the surface of the infected cell, between the viral and cell membrane, or both-plays a critical role in inhibition, and we are able to distinguish between these modes experimentally and through a structure-based computational model. Together, these results provide a framework for dissecting antibody multifunctionality that could help guide the development of improved therapeutic antibodies or vaccines and that can be extended to other viral families and antibody isotypes.IMPORTANCEAntibodies against influenza A virus provide multifaceted protection against infection. Although sensitive and quantitative assays are widely used to measure inhibition of viral attachment and entry, the ability of diverse antibodies to inhibit viral egress is less clear. We address this challenge by developing an imaging-based approach to measure antibody inhibition of virus release across a panel of monoclonal antibodies targeting the influenza A virus surface proteins. Using this approach, we find that inhibition of viral egress is common and can have similar potency to the ability of an antibody to inhibit viral entry. Insights into this understudied aspect of antibody function may help guide the development of improved countermeasures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan He
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Center for Biomolecular Condensates, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Zijian Guo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Center for Biomolecular Condensates, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Sofie Subiaur
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Center for Biomolecular Condensates, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Ananya Benegal
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Center for Biomolecular Condensates, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Michael D. Vahey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Center for Biomolecular Condensates, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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16
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Petersen BM, Kirby MB, Chrispens KM, Irvin OM, Strawn IK, Haas CM, Walker AM, Baumer ZT, Ulmer SA, Ayala E, Rhodes ER, Guthmiller JJ, Steiner PJ, Whitehead TA. An integrated technology for quantitative wide mutational scanning of human antibody Fab libraries. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.16.575852. [PMID: 38293170 PMCID: PMC10827193 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.16.575852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Antibodies are engineerable quantities in medicine. Learning antibody molecular recognition would enable the in silico design of high affinity binders against nearly any proteinaceous surface. Yet, publicly available experiment antibody sequence-binding datasets may not contain the mutagenic, antigenic, or antibody sequence diversity necessary for deep learning approaches to capture molecular recognition. In part, this is because limited experimental platforms exist for assessing quantitative and simultaneous sequence-function relationships for multiple antibodies. Here we present MAGMA-seq, an integrated technology that combines multiple antigens and multiple antibodies and determines quantitative biophysical parameters using deep sequencing. We demonstrate MAGMA-seq on two pooled libraries comprising mutants of ten different human antibodies spanning light chain gene usage, CDR H3 length, and antigenic targets. We demonstrate the comprehensive mapping of potential antibody development pathways, sequence-binding relationships for multiple antibodies simultaneously, and identification of paratope sequence determinants for binding recognition for broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs). MAGMA-seq enables rapid and scalable antibody engineering of multiple lead candidates because it can measure binding for mutants of many given parental antibodies in a single experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian M. Petersen
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80305, USA
| | - Monica B. Kirby
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80305, USA
| | - Karson M. Chrispens
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80305, USA
| | - Olivia M. Irvin
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80305, USA
| | - Isabell K. Strawn
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80305, USA
| | - Cyrus M. Haas
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80305, USA
| | - Alexis M. Walker
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80305, USA
| | - Zachary T. Baumer
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80305, USA
| | - Sophia A. Ulmer
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80305, USA
| | - Edgardo Ayala
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Emily R. Rhodes
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80305, USA
| | - Jenna J. Guthmiller
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Paul J. Steiner
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80305, USA
| | - Timothy A. Whitehead
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80305, USA
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17
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Song WW, Wan MY, She JY, Zhao SL, Liu DJ, Chang HY, Deng L. Sequential Immunizations with Influenza Neuraminidase Protein Followed by Peptide Nanoclusters Induce Heterologous Protection. Viruses 2024; 16:77. [PMID: 38257777 PMCID: PMC10819419 DOI: 10.3390/v16010077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Enhancing cross-protections against diverse influenza viruses is desired for influenza vaccinations. Neuraminidase (NA)-specific antibody responses have been found to independently correlate with a broader influenza protection spectrum. Here, we report a sequential immunization regimen that includes priming with NA protein followed by boosting with peptide nanoclusters, with which targeted enhancement of antibody responses in BALB/c mice to certain cross-protective B-cell epitopes of NA was achieved. The nanoclusters were fabricated via desolvation with absolute ethanol and were only composed of composite peptides. Unlike KLH conjugates, peptide nanoclusters would not induce influenza-unrelated immunity. We found that the incorporation of a hemagglutinin peptide of H2-d class II restriction into the composite peptides could be beneficial in enhancing the NA peptide-specific antibody response. Of note, boosters with N2 peptide nanoclusters induced stronger serum cross-reactivities to heterologous N2 and even heterosubtypic N7 and N9 than triple immunizations with the prototype recombinant tetrameric (rt) N2. The mouse challenge experiments with HK68 H3N2 also demonstrated the strong effectiveness of the peptide nanocluster boosters in conferring heterologous protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Wen Song
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; (W.-W.S.); (M.-Y.W.); (J.-Y.S.); (S.-L.Z.); (D.-J.L.)
| | - Mu-Yang Wan
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; (W.-W.S.); (M.-Y.W.); (J.-Y.S.); (S.-L.Z.); (D.-J.L.)
| | - Jia-Yue She
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; (W.-W.S.); (M.-Y.W.); (J.-Y.S.); (S.-L.Z.); (D.-J.L.)
| | - Shi-Long Zhao
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; (W.-W.S.); (M.-Y.W.); (J.-Y.S.); (S.-L.Z.); (D.-J.L.)
| | - De-Jian Liu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; (W.-W.S.); (M.-Y.W.); (J.-Y.S.); (S.-L.Z.); (D.-J.L.)
| | - Hai-Yan Chang
- College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Lei Deng
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; (W.-W.S.); (M.-Y.W.); (J.-Y.S.); (S.-L.Z.); (D.-J.L.)
- Beijing Weimiao Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Haidian District, Beijing 100093, China
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18
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Wu NC, Ellebedy AH. Targeting neuraminidase: the next frontier for broadly protective influenza vaccines. Trends Immunol 2024; 45:11-19. [PMID: 38103991 PMCID: PMC10841738 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2023.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Current seasonal influenza vaccines, which mainly target hemagglutinin (HA), require annual updates due to the continuous antigenic drift of the influenza virus. Developing an influenza vaccine with increased breadth of protection will have significant public health benefits. The recent discovery of broadly protective antibodies to neuraminidase (NA) has provided important insights into developing a universal influenza vaccine, either by improving seasonal influenza vaccines or designing novel immunogens. However, further in-depth molecular characterizations of NA antibody responses are warranted to fully leverage broadly protective NA antibodies for influenza vaccine designs. Overall, we posit that focusing on NA for influenza vaccine development is synergistic with existing efforts targeting HA, and may represent a cost-effective approach to generating a broadly protective influenza vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas C Wu
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; Center for Biophysics and Quantitative Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; Carle Illinois College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
| | - Ali H Ellebedy
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Center for Vaccines and Immunity to Microbial Pathogens, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; The Andrew M. and Jane M. Bursky Center for Human Immunology and Immunotherapy Programs, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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19
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Zhang X, Ross TM. Anti-neuraminidase immunity in the combat against influenza. Expert Rev Vaccines 2024; 23:474-484. [PMID: 38632930 PMCID: PMC11157429 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2024.2343689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Anti-neuraminidase (NA) immunity correlates with the protection against influenza virus infection in both human and animal models. The aim of this review is to better understand the mechanism of anti-NA immunity, and also to evaluate the approaches on developing NA-based influenza vaccines or enhancing immune responses against NA for current influenza vaccines. AREAS COVERED In this review, the structure of influenza neuraminidase, the contribution of anti-NA immunity to protection, as well as the efforts and challenges of targeting the immune responses to NA were discussed. We also listed some of the newly discovered anti-NA monoclonal antibodies and discussed their contribution in therapeutic as well as the antigen design of a broadly protective NA vaccine. EXPERT OPINION Targeting the immune response to both HA and NA may be critical for achieving the optimal protection since there are different mechanisms of HA and NA elicited protective immunity. Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that target the conserved protective lateral face or catalytic sites are effective therapeutics. The epitope discovery using monoclonal antibodies may benefit NA-based vaccine elicited broadly reactive antibody responses. Therefore, the potential for a vaccine that elicits cross-reactive antibodies against neuraminidase is a high priority for next-generation influenza vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojian Zhang
- Center for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Ted M. Ross
- Center for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- Florida Research and Innovation Center, Cleveland Clinic, Port Saint Lucie, FL, USA
- Department of Infection Biology, Lehner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
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20
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Do THT, Wheatley AK, Kent SJ, Koutsakos M. Influenza B virus neuraminidase: a potential target for next-generation vaccines? Expert Rev Vaccines 2024; 23:39-48. [PMID: 38037386 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2023.2290691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Influenza B viruses (IBV) cause a significant health and economic burden annually. Due to lower antigenic drift rate, less extensive antigenic diversity, and lack of animal reservoirs, the development of highly effective universal vaccines against IBV might be in reach. Current seasonal influenza vaccines are formulated to induce antibodies against the Hemagglutinin (HA) protein, but their effectiveness is reduced by mismatch between vaccine and circulating strains. AREAS COVERED Given antibodies against the Neuraminidase (NA) have been associated with protection during influenza infection, there is considerable interest in the development of NA-based influenza vaccines. This review summarizes insights into the role of NA-based immunity against IBV and highlights knowledge gaps that should be addressed to inform the design of next-generation influenza B vaccines. We discuss how antibodies recognize broadly cross-reactive epitopes on the NA and the lack of understanding of IBV NA antigenic evolution which would benefit vaccine development in the future. EXPERT OPINION Demonstrating NA antibodies as correlates of protection for IBV in humans would be paramount. Determining the extent of IBV NA antigenic evolution will be informative. Finally, it will be critical to determine optimal strategies for incorporating the appropriate NA antigens in existing clinically approved vaccine formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi Hoai Thu Do
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute of Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Adam K Wheatley
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute of Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Stephen J Kent
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute of Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia
- Melbourne Sexual Health Centre and Department of Infectious Diseases, Alfred Hospital and Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Marios Koutsakos
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute of Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia
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21
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Tong X, Deng Y, Cizmeci D, Fontana L, Carlock MA, Hanley HB, McNamara RP, Lingwood D, Ross TM, Alter G. Distinct Functional Humoral Immune Responses Are Induced after Live Attenuated and Inactivated Seasonal Influenza Vaccination. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2024; 212:24-34. [PMID: 37975667 PMCID: PMC10872955 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2200956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Influenza viruses infect 5-30% of the world's population annually, resulting in millions of incidents of hospitalization and thousands of mortalities worldwide every year. Although annual vaccination has significantly reduced hospitalization rates in vulnerable populations, the current vaccines are estimated to offer a wide range of protection from 10 to 60% annually. Such incomplete immunity may be related to both poor antigenic coverage of circulating strains, as well as to the insufficient induction of protective immunity. Beyond the role of hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA), vaccine-induced Abs have the capacity to induce a broader array of Ab effector functions, including Ab-dependent cellular cytotoxicity, that has been implicated in universal immunity against influenza viruses. However, whether different vaccine platforms can induce functional humoral immunity in a distinct manner remains incompletely defined. In this study, we compared vaccine-induced humoral immune responses induced by two seasonal influenza vaccines in Homo sapiens, the i.m. inactivated vaccine (IIV/Fluzone) and the live attenuated mucosal vaccine (LAIV/FluMist). Whereas the inactivated influenza vaccine induced superior Ab titers and FcγR binding capacity to diverse HA and NA Ags, the live attenuated influenza mucosal vaccine induced a more robust functional humoral immune response against both the HA and NA domains. Multivariate Ab analysis further highlighted the significantly different overall functional humoral immune profiles induced by the two vaccines, marked by differences in IgG titers, FcR binding, and both NK cell-recruiting and opsonophagocytic Ab functions. These results highlight the striking differences in Ab Fc-effector profiles induced systemically by two distinct influenza vaccine platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Tong
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Yixiang Deng
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Deniz Cizmeci
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Laura Fontana
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Michael A. Carlock
- Center for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Hannah B. Hanley
- Center for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | | | - Daniel Lingwood
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ted M. Ross
- Center for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Galit Alter
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
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22
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Sun X, Ma H, Wang X, Bao Z, Tang S, Yi C, Sun B. Broadly neutralizing antibodies to combat influenza virus infection. Antiviral Res 2024; 221:105785. [PMID: 38145757 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2023.105785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
The diversified classification and continuous alteration of influenza viruses underscore for antivirals and vaccines that can counter a broad range of influenza subtypes. Hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) are two principle viral surface targets for broadly neutralizing antibodies. A series of monoclonal antibodies, targeting HA and NA, have been discovered and characterized with a wide range of neutralizing activity against influenza viruses. Clinical studies have demonstrated the safety and efficacy of some HA stem-targeting antibodies against influenza viruses. Broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) can serve as both prophylactic and therapeutic agents, as well as play a critical role in identifying antigens and epitopes for the development of universal vaccines. In this review, we described and summarized the latest discoveries and advancements of bnAbs against influenza viruses in both pre- and clinical development. Additionally, we assess whether bnAbs can serve as a viable alternative to vaccination against influenza. Finally, we discussed the rationale behind reverse vaccinology, a structure-guided universal vaccine design strategy that efficiently identifies candidate antigens and conserved epitopes that can be targeted by antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Sun
- Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Hanwen Ma
- Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xuanjia Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Zhiheng Bao
- Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Shubing Tang
- Department of Investigational New Drug, Shanghai Reinovax Biologics Co., Ltd, Shanghai, 200135, China
| | - Chunyan Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Bing Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China; School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China.
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23
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Rijnink WF, Stadlbauer D, Puente-Massaguer E, Okba NMA, Kirkpatrick Roubidoux E, Strohmeier S, Mudd PA, Schmitz A, Ellebedy A, McMahon M, Krammer F. Characterization of non-neutralizing human monoclonal antibodies that target the M1 and NP of influenza A viruses. J Virol 2023; 97:e0164622. [PMID: 37916834 PMCID: PMC10688359 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01646-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Currently, many groups are focusing on isolating both neutralizing and non-neutralizing antibodies to the mutation-prone hemagglutinin as a tool to treat or prevent influenza virus infection. Less is known about the level of protection induced by non-neutralizing antibodies that target conserved internal influenza virus proteins. Such non-neutralizing antibodies could provide an alternative pathway to induce broad cross-reactive protection against multiple influenza virus serotypes and subtypes by partially overcoming influenza virus escape mediated by antigenic drift and shift. Accordingly, more information about the level of protection and potential mechanism(s) of action of non-neutralizing antibodies targeting internal influenza virus proteins could be useful for the design of broadly protective and universal influenza virus vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel Stadlbauer
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Eduard Puente-Massaguer
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Center for Vaccine Research and Pandemic Preparedness (C-VaRPP), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Nisreen M. A. Okba
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Center for Vaccine Research and Pandemic Preparedness (C-VaRPP), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ericka Kirkpatrick Roubidoux
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Shirin Strohmeier
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Philip A. Mudd
- Division of Immunobiology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Aaron Schmitz
- Division of Immunobiology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Ali Ellebedy
- Division of Immunobiology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Meagan McMahon
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Florian Krammer
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Center for Vaccine Research and Pandemic Preparedness (C-VaRPP), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
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24
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Lei R, Kim W, Lv H, Mou Z, Scherm MJ, Schmitz AJ, Turner JS, Tan TJC, Wang Y, Ouyang WO, Liang W, Rivera-Cardona J, Teo C, Graham CS, Brooke CB, Presti RM, Mok CKP, Krammer F, Dai X, Ellebedy AH, Wu NC. Leveraging vaccination-induced protective antibodies to define conserved epitopes on influenza N2 neuraminidase. Immunity 2023; 56:2621-2634.e6. [PMID: 37967533 PMCID: PMC10655865 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2023.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
There is growing appreciation for neuraminidase (NA) as an influenza vaccine target; however, its antigenicity remains poorly characterized. In this study, we isolated three broadly reactive N2 antibodies from the plasmablasts of a single vaccinee, including one that cross-reacts with NAs from seasonal H3N2 strains spanning five decades. Although these three antibodies have diverse germline usages, they recognize similar epitopes that are distant from the NA active site and instead involve the highly conserved underside of NA head domain. We also showed that all three antibodies confer prophylactic and therapeutic protection in vivo, due to both Fc effector functions and NA inhibition through steric hindrance. Additionally, the contribution of Fc effector functions to protection in vivo inversely correlates with viral growth inhibition activity in vitro. Overall, our findings advance the understanding of NA antibody response and provide important insights into the development of a broadly protective influenza vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruipeng Lei
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Wooseob Kim
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Microbiology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Huibin Lv
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; HKU-Pasteur Research Pole, School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Zongjun Mou
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Michael J Scherm
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Aaron J Schmitz
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Jackson S Turner
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Timothy J C Tan
- Center for Biophysics and Quantitative Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Yiquan Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Wenhao O Ouyang
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Weiwen Liang
- HKU-Pasteur Research Pole, School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Joel Rivera-Cardona
- Department of Microbiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Chuyun Teo
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Claire S Graham
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Christopher B Brooke
- Department of Microbiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Rachel M Presti
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA; Center for Vaccines and Immunity to Microbial Pathogens, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA; The Andrew M. and Jane M. Bursky Center for Human Immunology and Immunotherapy Programs, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Chris K P Mok
- The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; S.H. Ho Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Florian Krammer
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Center for Vaccine Research and Pandemic Preparedness (C-VARPP), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
| | - Xinghong Dai
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
| | - Ali H Ellebedy
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA; Center for Vaccines and Immunity to Microbial Pathogens, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA; The Andrew M. and Jane M. Bursky Center for Human Immunology and Immunotherapy Programs, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA.
| | - Nicholas C Wu
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; Center for Biophysics and Quantitative Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; Carle Illinois College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
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25
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Ippolito GC. Illuminating the dark side of neuraminidase in influenza immunity. Immunity 2023; 56:2463-2465. [PMID: 37967527 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2023.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
The influenza neuraminidase has historically been understudied compared to its surface protein counterpart, hemagglutinin. In two recent Immunity papers, Hansen et al. and Lei et al. bolster resurging interest in neuraminidase-targeting antibodies and their implications for therapy and "universal" vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory C Ippolito
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.
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26
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Kistler KE, Bedford T. An atlas of continuous adaptive evolution in endemic human viruses. Cell Host Microbe 2023; 31:1898-1909.e3. [PMID: 37883977 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2023.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Through antigenic evolution, viruses such as seasonal influenza evade recognition by neutralizing antibodies. This means that a person with antibodies well tuned to an initial infection will not be protected against the same virus years later and that vaccine-mediated protection will decay. To expand our understanding of which endemic human viruses evolve in this fashion, we assess adaptive evolution across the genome of 28 endemic viruses spanning a wide range of viral families and transmission modes. Surface proteins consistently show the highest rates of adaptation, and ten viruses in this panel are estimated to undergo antigenic evolution to selectively fix mutations that enable the escape of prior immunity. Thus, antibody evasion is not an uncommon evolutionary strategy among human viruses, and monitoring this evolution will inform future vaccine efforts. Additionally, by comparing overall amino acid substitution rates, we show that SARS-CoV-2 is accumulating protein-coding changes at substantially faster rates than endemic viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn E Kistler
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Trevor Bedford
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
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27
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Fox A. Drift and shape-new insights into human immunity against influenza virus neuraminidase. mBio 2023; 14:e0165423. [PMID: 37933976 PMCID: PMC10746272 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01654-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza virus hemagglutinin mediates infection by binding sialic acids, whereas neuraminidase cleaves sialic acids to release progeny virions. Both are targets of protective antibodies, but influenza vaccine strain selection and antigen dose are based on hemagglutinin alone. Virus characterization using first infection ferret sera indicates that escape from hemagglutination inhibiting (HI) antibodies occurs more frequently and is not coordinated with escape from neuraminidase inhibiting (NI) antibodies. A key question addressed by Daulagala et al. (P. Daulagala, B. R. Mann, K. Leung, E. H. Y. Lau, et al., mBio 14:e00084-23, 2023, https://doi.org/10.1128/mbio.00084-23) is how this translates to humans who encounter multiple influenza viruses throughout life. Their cross-sectional study, using sera from a wide age range of participants and H1N1 viruses spanning 1977-2015, indicates that NI antibodies are more broadly cross-reactive than HI antibodies. Both HI and NI titers were highest against strains encountered in childhood indicating that both are shaped by priming exposures. The study further supports the development of NA-optimized vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette Fox
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Royal Melbourne Hospital, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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28
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Abstract
Neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) are being increasingly used as passive antiviral reagents in prophylactic and therapeutic modalities and to guide viral vaccine design. In vivo, nAbs can mediate antiviral functions through several mechanisms, including neutralization, which is defined by in vitro assays in which nAbs block viral entry to target cells, and antibody effector functions, which are defined by in vitro assays that evaluate nAbs against viruses and infected cells in the presence of effector systems. Interpreting in vivo results in terms of these in vitro assays is challenging but important in choosing optimal passive antibody and vaccine strategies. Here, I review findings from many different viruses and conclude that, although some generalizations are possible, deciphering the relative contributions of different antiviral mechanisms to the in vivo efficacy of antibodies currently requires consideration of individual antibody-virus interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis R Burton
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development, International AIDS Vaccine Initiative Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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29
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Li Y, Huo S, Yin Z, Tian Z, Huang F, Liu P, Liu Y, Yu F. The current state of research on influenza antiviral drug development: drugs in clinical trial and licensed drugs. mBio 2023; 14:e0127323. [PMID: 37610204 PMCID: PMC10653855 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01273-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza viruses (IVs) threaten global human health due to the high morbidity, infection, and mortality rates. Currently, the influenza drugs recommended by the FDA are oseltamivir, zanamivir, peramivir, and baloxavir marboxil. Notably, owing to the high variability of IVs, no drug exists that can effectively treat all types and subtypes of IVs. Moreover, the current trend of drug resistance is likely to continue as the viral genome is constantly mutating. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop drugs related to the treatment of influenza to deal with the next pandemic. Here, we summarized the cutting-edge research in mechanism of action, inhibitory activity, and clinical efficacy of drugs that have been approved and drugs that are still in clinical trials for influenza treatment. We hope this review will provide up-to-date and comprehensive information on influenza antivirals and generate hypotheses for screens and development of new broad-spectrum influenza drugs in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanbai Li
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Analysis and Control of Zoonotic Pathogenic Microorganism, Hebei Wild Animal Health Center, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Shanshan Huo
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Analysis and Control of Zoonotic Pathogenic Microorganism, Hebei Wild Animal Health Center, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Zhe Yin
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Analysis and Control of Zoonotic Pathogenic Microorganism, Hebei Wild Animal Health Center, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Zuguang Tian
- Baoding City Science and Technology Bureau, Baoding, China
| | - Fang Huang
- Tongzhou District Center For Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Liu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Analysis and Control of Zoonotic Pathogenic Microorganism, Hebei Wild Animal Health Center, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Yue Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Fei Yu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Analysis and Control of Zoonotic Pathogenic Microorganism, Hebei Wild Animal Health Center, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
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30
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Liu X, Zhao T, Wang L, Yang Z, Luo C, Li M, Luo H, Sun C, Yan H, Shu Y. A mosaic influenza virus-like particles vaccine provides broad humoral and cellular immune responses against influenza A viruses. NPJ Vaccines 2023; 8:132. [PMID: 37679361 PMCID: PMC10485063 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-023-00728-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of a universal influenza vaccine to elicit broad immune responses is essential in reducing disease burden and pandemic impact. In this study, the mosaic vaccine design strategy and genetic algorithms were utilized to optimize the seasonal influenza A virus (H1N1, H3N2) hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) antigens, which also contain most potential T-cell epitopes. These mosaic immunogens were then expressed as virus-like particles (VLPs) using the baculovirus expression system. The immunogenicity and protection effectiveness of the mosaic VLPs were compared to the commercial quadrivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (QIV) in the mice model. Strong cross-reactive antibody responses were observed in mice following two doses of vaccination with the mosaic VLPs, with HI titers higher than 40 in 15 of 16 tested strains as opposed to limited cross HI antibody levels with QIV vaccination. After a single vaccination, mice also show a stronger level of cross-reactive antibody responses than the QIV. The QIV vaccinations only elicited NI antibodies to a small number of vaccine strains, and not even strong NI antibodies to its corresponding vaccine components. In contrast, the mosaic VLPs caused robust NI antibodies to all tested seasonal influenza virus vaccine strains. Here, we demonstrated the mosaic vaccines induces stronger cross-reactive antibodies and robust more T-cell responses compared to the QIV. The mosaic VLPs also provided protection against challenges with ancestral influenza A viruses of both H1 and H3 subtypes. These findings indicated that the mosaic VLPs were a promising strategy for developing a broad influenza vaccine in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejie Liu
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, 518107, Shenzhen, China
| | - Tianyi Zhao
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, 518107, Shenzhen, China
| | - Liangliang Wang
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, 518107, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhuolin Yang
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, 518107, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chuming Luo
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, 518107, Shenzhen, China
| | - Minchao Li
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, 518107, Shenzhen, China
| | - Huanle Luo
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, 518107, Shenzhen, China
| | - Caijun Sun
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, 518107, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Huacheng Yan
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Southern Military Theatre, 510610, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Yuelong Shu
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, 518107, Shenzhen, China.
- Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 100730, Beijing, China.
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31
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Khrustalev VV, Stojarov AN, Shen C, Khrustaleva TA. Consequences of asymmetric mutational pressure for the dynamic of linear B-cell epitopes repertoire of influenza a virus neuraminidase rearrangement. Biosystems 2023; 231:104970. [PMID: 37442364 DOI: 10.1016/j.biosystems.2023.104970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Full-length nucleotide sequences of avian influenza A virus neuraminidase coding region (20,631 sequences) were analyzed and compared with those isolated from viruses infecting human and swine (63,750 sequences). If in fourfold degenerate sites there is asymmetric A-bias that may be more or less asymmetric depending on the type of neuraminidase and the host, than in twofold degenerate sites from third codon positions there is a strong asymmetric U-bias in coding regions of N4, N5, and N8 isolated from viruses infecting birds, as well as in those of N1 and N2 isolated from viruses infecting human, swine, and birds, while in coding regions of N9 isolated from birds, there is surprisingly strong C-bias, and in sequences of N3, N6, and N7 the usage of C is quite close to the level of U. Revealed stabilization of both U and C in twofold degenerate sites is the evidence of frequent changes in mutational pressure direction. Asymmetric mutational pressure was one of the sources of amino acid replacements that resulted in an equal percentage of sites with appeared and disappeared linear B-cell epitopes in N1, N2, N4, and N5 (33.62-35.33% vs. 32.41-36.45%, respectively), and controlled by the immune pressure it resulted in a stronger tendency to disappear for B-cell epitopes of N3, N6, N7, N8, and N9 of avian viruses (8.74-28.77% vs. 28.96-38.89%). The lack of correlation between nucleotide usages in fourfold and twofold degenerate sites for three nucleotides, except U, is a strong evidence of mutational pressure theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladislav Victorovich Khrustalev
- Department of General Chemistry, Belarusian State Medical University, Dzerzinskogo, 83, Minsk, Belarus; Multidisciplinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Institute of Physiology of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Academicheskaya, 28, Minsk, Belarus.
| | | | - Chenguang Shen
- Southern Medical University, Guanzhou, China No.1023-1063 South Shatai Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, 510515, PR China
| | - Tatyana Aleksandrovna Khrustaleva
- Multidisciplinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Institute of Physiology of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Academicheskaya, 28, Minsk, Belarus
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32
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Jiang H, Zhang Z. Immune response in influenza virus infection and modulation of immune injury by viral neuraminidase. Virol J 2023; 20:193. [PMID: 37641134 PMCID: PMC10463456 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-023-02164-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza A viruses cause severe respiratory illnesses in humans and animals. Overreaction of the innate immune response to influenza virus infection results in hypercytokinemia, which is responsible for mortality and morbidity. The influenza A virus surface glycoprotein neuraminidase (NA) plays a vital role in viral attachment, entry, and virion release from infected cells. NA acts as a sialidase, which cleaves sialic acids from cell surface proteins and carbohydrate side chains on nascent virions. Here, we review progress in understanding the role of NA in modulating host immune response to influenza virus infection. We also discuss recent exciting findings targeting NA protein to interrupt influenza-induced immune injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Jiang
- The People's Hospital of Dayi Country, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Inflammation and Allergic Diseases Research Unit, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Zongde Zhang
- The People's Hospital of Dayi Country, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
- Inflammation and Allergic Diseases Research Unit, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.
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33
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Boudreau CM, Burke JS, Yousif AS, Sangesland M, Jastrzebski S, Verschoor C, Kuchel G, Lingwood D, Kleanthous H, De Bruijn I, Landolfi V, Sridhar S, Alter G. Antibody-mediated NK cell activation as a correlate of immunity against influenza infection. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5170. [PMID: 37620306 PMCID: PMC10449820 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40699-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibodies play a critical role in protection against influenza; yet titers and viral neutralization represent incomplete correlates of immunity. Instead, the ability of antibodies to leverage the antiviral power of the innate immune system has been implicated in protection from and clearance of influenza infection. Here, post-hoc analysis of the humoral immune response to influenza is comprehensively profiled in a cohort of vaccinated older adults (65 + ) monitored for influenza infection during the 2012/2013 season in the United States (NCT: 01427309). While robust humoral immune responses arose against the vaccine and circulating strains, influenza-specific antibody effector profiles differed in individuals that later became infected with influenza, who are deficient in NK cell activating antibodies to both hemagglutinin and neuraminidase, compared to individuals who remained uninfected. Furthermore, NK cell activation was strongly associated with the NK cell senescence marker CD57, arguing for the need for selective induction of influenza-specific afucosylated NK activating antibodies in older adults to achieve protection. High dose vaccination, currently used for older adults, was insufficient to generate this NK cell-activating humoral response. Next generation vaccines able to selectively bolster NK cell activating antibodies may be required to achieve protection in the setting of progressively senescent NK cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn M Boudreau
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02129, USA
- PhD Program in Virology, Division of Medical Sciences, Harvard University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - John S Burke
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Ashraf S Yousif
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Maya Sangesland
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02129, USA
- PhD Program in Virology, Division of Medical Sciences, Harvard University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | | | - Chris Verschoor
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - George Kuchel
- Center on Aging, UCONN Health Center, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Daniel Lingwood
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02129, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Galit Alter
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02129, USA.
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34
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Piepenbrink M, Oladunni F, Nogales A, Khalil AM, Fitzgerald T, Basu M, Fucile C, Topham DJ, Rosenberg AF, Martinez-Sobrido L, Kobie JJ. Highly Cross-Reactive and Protective Influenza A Virus H3N2 Hemagglutinin- and Neuraminidase-Specific Human Monoclonal Antibodies. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0472822. [PMID: 37318331 PMCID: PMC10433997 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.04728-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to antigenic drift and shift of influenza A viruses (IAV) and the tendency to elicit predominantly strain-specific antibodies, humanity remains susceptible to new strains of seasonal IAV and is at risk from viruses with pandemic potential for which limited or no immunity may exist. The genetic drift of H3N2 IAV is specifically pronounced, resulting in two distinct clades since 2014. Here, we demonstrate that immunization with a seasonal inactivated influenza vaccine (IIV) results in increased levels of H3N2 IAV-specific serum antibodies against hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA). Detailed analysis of the H3N2 B cell response indicated expansion of H3N2-specific peripheral blood plasmablasts 7 days after IIV immunization which expressed monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) with broad and potent antiviral activity against many H3N2 IAV strains as well as prophylactic and therapeutic activity in mice. These H3N2-specific B cell clonal lineages persisted in CD138+ long-lived bone marrow plasma cells. These results demonstrate that IIV-induced H3N2 human MAbs can protect and treat influenza virus infection in vivo and suggest that IIV can induce a subset of IAV H3N2-specific B cells with broad protective potential, a feature that warrants further study for universal influenza vaccine development. IMPORTANCE Influenza A virus (IAV) infections continue to cause substantial morbidity and mortality despite the availability of seasonal vaccines. The extensive genetic variability in seasonal and potentially pandemic influenza strains necessitates new vaccine strategies that can induce universal protection by focusing the immune response on generating protective antibodies against conserved targets within the influenza virus hemagglutinin and neuraminidase proteins. We have demonstrated that seasonal immunization with inactivated influenza vaccine (IIV) stimulates H3N2-specific monoclonal antibodies in humans that are broad and potent in their neutralization of virus in vitro. These antibodies also provide protection from H3N2 IAV in a mouse model of infection. Furthermore, they persist in the bone marrow, where they are expressed by long-lived antibody-producing plasma cells. This significantly demonstrates that seasonal IIV can induce a subset of H3N2-specific B cells with broad protective potential, a process that if further studied and enhanced could aid in the development of a universal influenza vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Piepenbrink
- Heersink School of Medicine, Infectious Diseases, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Department of Medicine, Infectious Diseases Division, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Fatai Oladunni
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Aitor Nogales
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Ahmed M. Khalil
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas, USA
- Department of Zoonotic Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Theresa Fitzgerald
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Madhubanti Basu
- Heersink School of Medicine, Infectious Diseases, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Christopher Fucile
- Heersink School of Medicine, Informatics Institute, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - David J. Topham
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Alexander F. Rosenberg
- Heersink School of Medicine, Informatics Institute, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Luis Martinez-Sobrido
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - James J. Kobie
- Heersink School of Medicine, Infectious Diseases, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Department of Medicine, Infectious Diseases Division, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA
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35
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Yuanyuan H, Zijian G, Subiaur S, Benegal A, Vahey MD. Antibody Inhibition of Influenza A Virus Assembly and Release. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.08.08.552198. [PMID: 37609131 PMCID: PMC10441363 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.08.552198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Antibodies are frontline defenders against influenza virus infection, providing protection through multiple complementary mechanisms. Although a subset of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have been shown to restrict replication at the level of virus assembly and release, it remains unclear how potent and pervasive this mechanism of protection is, due in part to the challenge of separating this effect from other aspects of antibody function. To address this question, we developed imaging-based assays to determine how effectively a broad range of mAbs against the IAV surface proteins can specifically restrict viral egress. We find that classically neutralizing antibodies against hemagglutinin are broadly multifunctional, inhibiting virus assembly and release at concentrations one- to twenty-fold higher than the concentrations at which they inhibit viral entry. These antibodies are also capable of altering the morphological features of shed virions, reducing the proportion of filamentous particles. We find that antibodies against neuraminidase and M2 also restrict viral egress, and that inhibition by anti-neuraminidase mAbs is only partly attributable to a loss in enzymatic activity. In all cases, antigen crosslinking - either on the surface of the infected cell, between the viral and cell membrane, or both - plays a critical role in inhibition, and we are able to distinguish between these modes experimentally and through a structure-based computational model. Together, these results provide a framework for dissecting antibody multifunctionality that could help guide the development of improved therapeutic antibodies or vaccines, and that can be extended to other viral families and antibody isotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Yuanyuan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Center for Biomolecular Condensates, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Guo Zijian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Center for Biomolecular Condensates, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Sofie Subiaur
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Center for Biomolecular Condensates, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Ananya Benegal
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Center for Biomolecular Condensates, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Michael D. Vahey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Center for Biomolecular Condensates, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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36
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Hansen L, McMahon M, Turner HL, Zhu X, Turner JS, Ozorowski G, Stadlbauer D, Vahokoski J, Schmitz AJ, Rizk AA, Alsoussi WB, Strohmeier S, Yu W, Choreño-Parra JA, Jiménez-Alvarez L, Cruz-Lagunas A, Zúñiga J, Mudd PA, Cox RJ, Wilson IA, Ward AB, Ellebedy AH, Krammer F. Human anti-N1 monoclonal antibodies elicited by pandemic H1N1 virus infection broadly inhibit HxN1 viruses in vitro and in vivo. Immunity 2023; 56:1927-1938.e8. [PMID: 37506693 PMCID: PMC10529248 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2023.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Neuraminidase (NA) is one of the two influenza virus surface glycoproteins, and antibodies that target it are an independent correlate of protection. However, our current understanding of NA antigenicity is incomplete. Here, we describe human monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) from a patient with a pandemic H1N1 virus infection in 2009. Two mAbs exhibited broad reactivity and inhibited NA enzyme activity of seasonal H1N1 viruses circulating before and after 2009, as well as viruses with avian or swine N1s. The mAbs provided robust protection from lethal challenge with human H1N1 and avian H5N1 viruses in mice, and both target an epitope on the lateral face of NA. In summary, we identified two broadly protective NA antibodies that share a novel epitope, inhibited NA activity, and provide protection against virus challenge in mice. Our work reaffirms that NA should be included as a target in future broadly protective or universal influenza virus vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Hansen
- Influenza Centre, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Department of Microbiology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Meagan McMahon
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hannah L Turner
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Xueyong Zhu
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Jackson S Turner
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Gabriel Ozorowski
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Daniel Stadlbauer
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Juha Vahokoski
- Influenza Centre, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; National Advisory Unit for Tropical Infectious Diseases, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Aaron J Schmitz
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Amena A Rizk
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Wafaa B Alsoussi
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Shirin Strohmeier
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Wenli Yu
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - José Alberto Choreño-Parra
- Laboratory of Immunobiology and Genetics, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Mexico City, Mexico; Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Luis Jiménez-Alvarez
- Laboratory of Immunobiology and Genetics, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alfredo Cruz-Lagunas
- Laboratory of Immunobiology and Genetics, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Joaquín Zúñiga
- Laboratory of Immunobiology and Genetics, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Mexico City, Mexico; Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Philip A Mudd
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Rebecca J Cox
- Influenza Centre, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Department of Microbiology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ian A Wilson
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
| | - Andrew B Ward
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
| | - Ali H Ellebedy
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Center for Vaccines and Immunity to Microbial Pathogens, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; The Andrew M. and Jane M. Bursky Center for Human Immunology and Immunotherapy Programs, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
| | - Florian Krammer
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell-based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Center for Vaccine Research and Pandemic Preparedness (C-VaRPP), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
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37
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Liu DJ, Liu CC, Zhong XQ, Wu X, Zhang HH, Lu SW, Shen ZL, Song WW, Zhao SL, Peng YS, Zheng HP, Wan MY, Chen YQ, Deng L. Boost immunizations with NA-derived peptide conjugates achieve induction of NA inhibition antibodies and heterologous influenza protections. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112766. [PMID: 37421618 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuraminidase is suggested as an important component for developing a universal influenza vaccine. Targeted induction of neuraminidase-specific broadly protective antibodies by vaccinations is challenging. To overcome this, we rationally select the highly conserved peptides from the consensus amino acid sequence of the globular head domains of neuraminidase. Inspired by the B cell receptor evolution process, a reliable sequential immunization regimen is designed to result in immuno-focusing by steering bulk immune responses to a selected region where broadly protective B lymphocyte epitopes reside. After priming neuraminidase protein-specific antibody responses in C57BL/6 or BALB/c inbred mice strains by immunization or pre-infection, boost immunizations with certain neuraminidase-derived peptide-keyhole limpet hemocyanin conjugates significantly strengthened serum neuraminidase inhibition activities and cross-protections. Overall, this study provides proof of concept for a peptide-based sequential immunization strategy for achieving targeted induction of cross-protective antibody response, which provides references for designing universal vaccines against other highly variable pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- De-Jian Liu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Cui-Cui Liu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Xiu-Qin Zhong
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Xuan Wu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Hui-Hui Zhang
- Bioinformatics Center, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Shang-Wen Lu
- Bioinformatics Center, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Zhuo-Ling Shen
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Wen-Wen Song
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Shi-Long Zhao
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - You-Song Peng
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; Bioinformatics Center, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - He-Ping Zheng
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; Bioinformatics Center, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Mu-Yang Wan
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Yao-Qing Chen
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province 518107, China
| | - Lei Deng
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; Bioinformatics Center, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; Beijing Weimiao Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Haidian District, Beijing 100000, China.
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38
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Schneider C, Coughlan L. Always a bridesmaid, never a bride: Committing to flu neuraminidase as a vaccine target. Mol Ther 2023; 31:1865-1867. [PMID: 37201525 PMCID: PMC10362412 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2023.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Cosette Schneider
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Graduate Program in Life Sciences (GPILS), Molecular Microbiology and Immunology Program, University of Maryland School of Medicine Baltimore, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Lynda Coughlan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health (CVD), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
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39
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Momont C, Dang HV, Zatta F, Hauser K, Wang C, di Iulio J, Minola A, Czudnochowski N, De Marco A, Branch K, Donermeyer D, Vyas S, Chen A, Ferri E, Guarino B, Powell AE, Spreafico R, Yim SS, Balce DR, Bartha I, Meury M, Croll TI, Belnap DM, Schmid MA, Schaiff WT, Miller JL, Cameroni E, Telenti A, Virgin HW, Rosen LE, Purcell LA, Lanzavecchia A, Snell G, Corti D, Pizzuto MS. A pan-influenza antibody inhibiting neuraminidase via receptor mimicry. Nature 2023:10.1038/s41586-023-06136-y. [PMID: 37258672 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06136-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Rapidly evolving influenza A viruses (IAVs) and influenza B viruses (IBVs) are major causes of recurrent lower respiratory tract infections. Current influenza vaccines elicit antibodies predominantly to the highly variable head region of haemagglutinin and their effectiveness is limited by viral drift1 and suboptimal immune responses2. Here we describe a neuraminidase-targeting monoclonal antibody, FNI9, that potently inhibits the enzymatic activity of all group 1 and group 2 IAVs, as well as Victoria/2/87-like, Yamagata/16/88-like and ancestral IBVs. FNI9 broadly neutralizes seasonal IAVs and IBVs, including the immune-evading H3N2 strains bearing an N-glycan at position 245, and shows synergistic activity when combined with anti-haemagglutinin stem-directed antibodies. Structural analysis reveals that D107 in the FNI9 heavy chain complementarity-determinant region 3 mimics the interaction of the sialic acid carboxyl group with the three highly conserved arginine residues (R118, R292 and R371) of the neuraminidase catalytic site. FNI9 demonstrates potent prophylactic activity against lethal IAV and IBV infections in mice. The unprecedented breadth and potency of the FNI9 monoclonal antibody supports its development for the prevention of influenza illness by seasonal and pandemic viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ha V Dang
- Vir Biotechnology, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Fabrizia Zatta
- Humabs Biomed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | - Andrea Minola
- Humabs Biomed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | | | - Anna De Marco
- Humabs Biomed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | - Alex Chen
- Vir Biotechnology, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Barbara Guarino
- Humabs Biomed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Tristan I Croll
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - David M Belnap
- School of Biological Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Michael A Schmid
- Humabs Biomed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Elisabetta Cameroni
- Humabs Biomed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | | | - Herbert W Virgin
- Vir Biotechnology, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Davide Corti
- Humabs Biomed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, Bellinzona, Switzerland.
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40
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Imagawa T, Arasaki Y, Maegawa K, Sugita S, Nerome K. Advancing usability of an influenza hemagglutinin virus-like particle vaccine expressing a chimeric cytokine. Virol J 2023; 20:102. [PMID: 37237374 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-023-02076-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccine efficacy of conventional influenza vaccines depend on the antigenic similarity between the selected vaccine strain and annual epidemic strain. Since the influenza virus evolves yearly, a vaccine which is independent from viral antigenic mutation is desired. We have developed chimeric cytokine (CC) and hemagglutinin (HA) incorporated virus-like particle (CCHA-VLP) as a universal influenza vaccine candidate. Using mouse models, it was shown that the vaccine provided broad-based protective activity against several types of human and avian influenza A viruses. In this report, nasal immunization and mixture form (CC- and HA-VLP) were tested to improve usability of this vaccine. Immunogenicity was evaluated by induction of IgG, IgA, and IFN-γ secreting cells. Protective activity was measured as mouse survival rate against lethal challenge with H1N1 and H5N1 viruses and against H3N2 virus by lung viral titer. Nasal immunization showed low immunogenicity and low protective efficacy, but the addition of a sesame oil adjuvant improved vaccine efficacy. Mixture form of CC- and HA-VLP showed comparable or higher vaccine efficacy when compared to the incorporated form, CCHA-VLP. These results contribute to improved usability, such as needle-less administration and easy HA subtypes alteration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Youta Arasaki
- Nerome Institute of Biological Resources, Nago, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Kenichi Maegawa
- Nerome Institute of Biological Resources, Nago, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Shigeo Sugita
- Equine Research Institute, Japan Racing Association, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Kuniaki Nerome
- Nerome Institute of Biological Resources, Nago, Okinawa, Japan.
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41
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Swanson O, Martin Beem JS, Rhodes B, Wang A, Barr M, Chen H, Parks R, Saunders KO, Haynes BF, Wiehe K, Azoitei ML. Identification of CDRH3 loops in the B cell receptor repertoire that can be engaged by candidate immunogens. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011401. [PMID: 37196027 PMCID: PMC10228794 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
A major goal for the development of vaccines against rapidly mutating viruses, such as influenza or HIV, is to elicit antibodies with broad neutralization capacity. However, B cell precursors capable of maturing into broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) can be rare in the immune repertoire. Due to the stochastic nature of B cell receptor (BCR) rearrangement, a limited number of third heavy chain complementary determining region (CDRH3) sequences are identical between different individuals. Thus, in order to successfully engage broadly neutralizing antibody precursors that rely on their CDRH3 loop for antigen recognition, immunogens must be able to tolerate sequence diversity in the B cell receptor repertoire across an entire vaccinated population. Here, we present a combined experimental and computational approach to identify BCRs in the human repertoire with CDRH3 loops predicted to be engaged by a target immunogen. For a given antibody/antigen pair, deep mutational scanning was first used to measure the effect of CDRH3 loop substitution on binding. BCR sequences, isolated experimentally or generated in silico, were subsequently evaluated to identify CDRH3 loops expected to be bound by the candidate immunogen. We applied this method to characterize two HIV-1 germline-targeting immunogens and found differences in the frequencies with which they are expected to engage target B cells, thus illustrating how this approach can be used to evaluate candidate immunogens towards B cell precursors engagement and to inform immunogen optimization strategies for more effective vaccine design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Swanson
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Joshua S. Martin Beem
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Brianna Rhodes
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Avivah Wang
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Maggie Barr
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Haiyan Chen
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Robert Parks
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Kevin O. Saunders
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Barton F. Haynes
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Immunology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Kevin Wiehe
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Mihai L. Azoitei
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
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42
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Myers ML, Gallagher JR, Kim AJ, Payne WH, Maldonado-Puga S, Assimakopoulos H, Bock KW, Torian U, Moore IN, Harris AK. Commercial influenza vaccines vary in HA-complex structure and in induction of cross-reactive HA antibodies. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1763. [PMID: 36997521 PMCID: PMC10060936 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37162-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza virus infects millions of people annually and can cause global pandemics. Hemagglutinin (HA) is the primary component of commercial influenza vaccines (CIV), and antibody titer to HA is a primary correlate of protection. Continual antigenic variation of HA requires that CIVs are reformulated yearly. Structural organization of HA complexes have not previously been correlated with induction of broadly reactive antibodies, yet CIV formulations vary in how HA is organized. Using electron microscopy to study four current CIVs, we find structures including: individual HAs, starfish structures with up to 12 HA molecules, and novel spiked-nanodisc structures that display over 50 HA molecules along the complex's perimeter. CIV containing these spiked nanodiscs elicit the highest levels of heterosubtypic cross-reactive antibodies in female mice. Here, we report that HA structural organization can be an important CIV parameter and can be associated with the induction of cross-reactive antibodies to conserved HA epitopes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mallory L Myers
- Structural Informatics Unit, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 50 South Drive, Room 6351, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - John R Gallagher
- Structural Informatics Unit, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 50 South Drive, Room 6351, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Alexander J Kim
- Structural Informatics Unit, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 50 South Drive, Room 6351, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Walker H Payne
- Structural Informatics Unit, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 50 South Drive, Room 6351, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Samantha Maldonado-Puga
- Structural Informatics Unit, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 50 South Drive, Room 6351, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Haralabos Assimakopoulos
- Structural Informatics Unit, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 50 South Drive, Room 6351, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Kevin W Bock
- Infectious Disease Pathogenesis Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 33 North Drive, Room BN25, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Udana Torian
- Structural Informatics Unit, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 50 South Drive, Room 6351, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Institute, 37 Convent Drive, Room 306C, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Ian N Moore
- Infectious Disease Pathogenesis Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 33 North Drive, Room BN25, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, 954 Gatewood Rd NE, Atlanta, GA, 30329 37, USA
| | - Audray K Harris
- Structural Informatics Unit, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 50 South Drive, Room 6351, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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43
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Kumari R, Sharma SD, Kumar A, Ende Z, Mishina M, Wang Y, Falls Z, Samudrala R, Pohl J, Knight PR, Sambhara S. Antiviral Approaches against Influenza Virus. Clin Microbiol Rev 2023; 36:e0004022. [PMID: 36645300 PMCID: PMC10035319 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00040-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Preventing and controlling influenza virus infection remains a global public health challenge, as it causes seasonal epidemics to unexpected pandemics. These infections are responsible for high morbidity, mortality, and substantial economic impact. Vaccines are the prophylaxis mainstay in the fight against influenza. However, vaccination fails to confer complete protection due to inadequate vaccination coverages, vaccine shortages, and mismatches with circulating strains. Antivirals represent an important prophylactic and therapeutic measure to reduce influenza-associated morbidity and mortality, particularly in high-risk populations. Here, we review current FDA-approved influenza antivirals with their mechanisms of action, and different viral- and host-directed influenza antiviral approaches, including immunomodulatory interventions in clinical development. Furthermore, we also illustrate the potential utility of machine learning in developing next-generation antivirals against influenza.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi Kumari
- Immunology and Pathogenesis Branch, Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Suresh D. Sharma
- Immunology and Pathogenesis Branch, Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Amrita Kumar
- Immunology and Pathogenesis Branch, Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Zachary Ende
- Immunology and Pathogenesis Branch, Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE), CDC Fellowship Program, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
| | - Margarita Mishina
- Immunology and Pathogenesis Branch, Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Biotechnology Core Facility Branch, Division of Scientific Resources, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Association of Public Health Laboratories, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Zackary Falls
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Ram Samudrala
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Jan Pohl
- Biotechnology Core Facility Branch, Division of Scientific Resources, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Paul R. Knight
- Department of Anesthesiology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Suryaprakash Sambhara
- Immunology and Pathogenesis Branch, Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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44
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Lei R, Hernandez Garcia A, Tan TJC, Teo QW, Wang Y, Zhang X, Luo S, Nair SK, Peng J, Wu NC. Mutational fitness landscape of human influenza H3N2 neuraminidase. Cell Rep 2023; 42:111951. [PMID: 36640354 PMCID: PMC9931530 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza neuraminidase (NA) has received increasing attention as an effective vaccine target. However, its mutational tolerance is not well characterized. Here, the fitness effects of >6,000 mutations in human H3N2 NA are probed using deep mutational scanning. Our result shows that while its antigenic regions have high mutational tolerance, there are solvent-exposed regions with low mutational tolerance. We also find that protein stability is a major determinant of NA mutational fitness. The deep mutational scanning result correlates well with mutational fitness inferred from natural sequences using a protein language model, substantiating the relevance of our findings to the natural evolution of circulating strains. Additional analysis further suggests that human H3N2 NA is far from running out of mutations despite already evolving for >50 years. Overall, this study advances our understanding of the evolutionary potential of NA and the underlying biophysical constraints, which in turn provide insights into NA-based vaccine design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruipeng Lei
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Andrea Hernandez Garcia
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Timothy J C Tan
- Center for Biophysics and Quantitative Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Qi Wen Teo
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Yiquan Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | | | | | - Satish K Nair
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; Center for Biophysics and Quantitative Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Jian Peng
- HeliXon Limited, Beijing 100084, China; Department of Computer Science, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
| | - Nicholas C Wu
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; Center for Biophysics and Quantitative Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; Carle Illinois College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
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45
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Abbadi N, Mousa JJ. Broadly Protective Neuraminidase-Based Influenza Vaccines and Monoclonal Antibodies: Target Epitopes and Mechanisms of Action. Viruses 2023; 15:200. [PMID: 36680239 PMCID: PMC9861061 DOI: 10.3390/v15010200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuraminidase (NA) is an important surface protein on influenza virions, playing an essential role in the viral life cycle and being a key target of the immune system. Despite the importance of NA-based immunity, current vaccines are focused on the hemagglutinin (HA) protein as the target for protective antibodies, and the amount of NA is not standardized in virion-based vaccines. Antibodies targeting NA are predominantly protective, reducing infection severity and viral shedding. Recently, NA-specific monoclonal antibodies have been characterized, and their target epitopes have been identified. This review summarizes the characteristics of NA, NA-specific antibodies, the mechanism of NA inhibition, and the recent efforts towards developing NA-based and NA-incorporating influenza vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nada Abbadi
- Center for Vaccines and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Jarrod J. Mousa
- Center for Vaccines and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Franklin College of Arts and Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
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46
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Del Rosario JMM, da Costa KAS, Temperton NJ. Pseudotyped Viruses for Influenza. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1407:153-173. [PMID: 36920696 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-99-0113-5_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
We have developed an influenza hemagglutinin (HA) pseudotype (PV) library encompassing all influenza A (IAV) subtypes from HA1-HA18, influenza B (IBV) subtypes (both lineages), representative influenza C (ICV), and influenza D (IDV) viruses. These influenza HA (or hemagglutinin-esterase fusion (HEF) for ICV and IDV) pseudotypes have been used in a pseudotype microneutralization assay (pMN), an optimized luciferase reporter assay, that is highly sensitive and specific for detecting neutralizing antibodies against influenza viruses. This has been an invaluable tool in detecting the humoral immune response against specific hemagglutinin or hemagglutinin-esterase fusion proteins for IAV to IDV in serum samples and for screening antibodies for their neutralizing abilities. Additionally, we have also produced influenza neuraminidase (NA) pseudotypes for IAV N1-N9 subtypes and IBV lineages. We have utilized these NA-PV as surrogate antigens in in vitro assays to assess vaccine immunogenicity. These NA PV have been employed as the source of neuraminidase enzyme activity in a pseudotype enzyme-linked lectin assay (pELLA) that is able to measure neuraminidase inhibition (NI) titers of reference antisera, monoclonal antibodies, and postvaccination sera. Here we show the production of influenza HA, HEF, and NA PV and their employment as substitutes for wild-type viruses in influenza serological and neutralization assays. We also introduce AutoPlate, an easily accessible web app that can analyze data from pMN and pELLA quickly and efficiently, plotting inhibition curves and calculating half-maximal concentration (IC50) neutralizing antibody titers. These serological techniques coupled with user-friendly analysis tools are faster, safer, inexpensive alternatives to classical influenza assays while also offering the reliability and reproducibility to advance influenza research and make it more accessible to laboratories around the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne Marie M Del Rosario
- Viral Pseudotype Unit, Medway School of Pharmacy, University of Kent and Greenwich at Medway, Chatham, UK
| | - Kelly A S da Costa
- Viral Pseudotype Unit, Medway School of Pharmacy, University of Kent and Greenwich at Medway, Chatham, UK
| | - Nigel J Temperton
- Viral Pseudotype Unit, Medway School of Pharmacy, University of Kent and Greenwich at Medway, Chatham, UK.
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Casalino L, Seitz C, Lederhofer J, Tsybovsky Y, Wilson IA, Kanekiyo M, Amaro RE. Breathing and Tilting: Mesoscale Simulations Illuminate Influenza Glycoprotein Vulnerabilities. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2022; 8:1646-1663. [PMID: 36589893 PMCID: PMC9801513 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.2c00981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Influenza virus has resurfaced recently from inactivity during the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic, raising serious concerns about the nature and magnitude of future epidemics. The main antigenic targets of influenza virus are two surface glycoproteins, hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA). Whereas the structural and dynamical properties of both glycoproteins have been studied previously, the understanding of their plasticity in the whole-virion context is fragmented. Here, we investigate the dynamics of influenza glycoproteins in a crowded protein environment through mesoscale all-atom molecular dynamics simulations of two evolutionary-linked glycosylated influenza A whole-virion models. Our simulations reveal and kinetically characterize three main molecular motions of influenza glycoproteins: NA head tilting, HA ectodomain tilting, and HA head breathing. The flexibility of HA and NA highlights antigenically relevant conformational states, as well as facilitates the characterization of a novel monoclonal antibody, derived from convalescent human donor, that binds to the underside of the NA head. Our work provides previously unappreciated views on the dynamics of HA and NA, advancing the understanding of their interplay and suggesting possible strategies for the design of future vaccines and antivirals against influenza.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Casalino
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of California San Diego, La Jolla, California92093, United States
| | - Christian Seitz
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of California San Diego, La Jolla, California92093, United States
| | - Julia Lederhofer
- Vaccine
Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland20892, United States
| | - Yaroslav Tsybovsky
- Electron
Microscopy Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research
Sponsored by the National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland21702, United States
| | - Ian A. Wilson
- Department
of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology and the Skaggs
Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps
Research Institute, La Jolla, California92037, United States
| | - Masaru Kanekiyo
- Vaccine
Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland20892, United States
| | - Rommie E. Amaro
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of California San Diego, La Jolla, California92093, United States
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Antibodies targeting the neuraminidase active site inhibit influenza H3N2 viruses with an S245N glycosylation site. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7864. [PMID: 36543789 PMCID: PMC9772378 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35586-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Contemporary influenza A H3N2 viruses circulating since 2016 have acquired a glycosylation site in the neuraminidase in close proximity to the enzymatic active site. Here, we investigate if this S245N glycosylation site, as a result of antigenic evolution, can impact binding and function of human monoclonal antibodies that target the conserved active site. While we find that a reduction in the inhibitory ability of neuraminidase active site binders is measurable, this class of broadly reactive monoclonal antibodies maintains protective efficacy in vivo.
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Yang B, García-Carreras B, Lessler J, Read JM, Zhu H, Metcalf CJE, Hay JA, Kwok KO, Shen R, Jiang CQ, Guan Y, Riley S, Cummings DA. Long term intrinsic cycling in human life course antibody responses to influenza A(H3N2): an observational and modeling study. eLife 2022; 11:81457. [PMID: 36458815 PMCID: PMC9757834 DOI: 10.7554/elife.81457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Over a life course, human adaptive immunity to antigenically mutable pathogens exhibits competitive and facilitative interactions. We hypothesize that such interactions may lead to cyclic dynamics in immune responses over a lifetime. Methods To investigate the cyclic behavior, we analyzed hemagglutination inhibition titers against 21 historical influenza A(H3N2) strains spanning 47 years from a cohort in Guangzhou, China, and applied Fourier spectrum analysis. To investigate possible biological mechanisms, we simulated individual antibody profiles encompassing known feedbacks and interactions due to generally recognized immunological mechanisms. Results We demonstrated a long-term periodicity (about 24 years) in individual antibody responses. The reported cycles were robust to analytic and sampling approaches. Simulations suggested that individual-level cross-reaction between antigenically similar strains likely explains the reported cycle. We showed that the reported cycles are predictable at both individual and birth cohort level and that cohorts show a diversity of phases of these cycles. Phase of cycle was associated with the risk of seroconversion to circulating strains, after accounting for age and pre-existing titers of the circulating strains. Conclusions Our findings reveal the existence of long-term periodicities in individual antibody responses to A(H3N2). We hypothesize that these cycles are driven by preexisting antibody responses blunting responses to antigenically similar pathogens (by preventing infection and/or robust antibody responses upon infection), leading to reductions in antigen-specific responses over time until individual's increasing risk leads to an infection with an antigenically distant enough virus to generate a robust immune response. These findings could help disentangle cohort effects from individual-level exposure histories, improve our understanding of observed heterogeneous antibody responses to immunizations, and inform targeted vaccine strategy. Funding This study was supported by grants from the NIH R56AG048075 (DATC, JL), NIH R01AI114703 (DATC, BY), the Wellcome Trust 200861/Z/16/Z (SR), and 200187/Z/15/Z (SR). This work was also supported by research grants from Guangdong Government HZQB-KCZYZ-2021014 and 2019B121205009 (YG and HZ). DATC, JMR and SR acknowledge support from the National Institutes of Health Fogarty Institute (R01TW0008246). JMR acknowledges support from the Medical Research Council (MR/S004793/1) and the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EP/N014499/1). The funders had no role in the study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingyi Yang
- Department of Biology, University of FloridaGainesvilleUnited States
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of FloridaGainesvilleUnited States
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Control, School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong KongHong KongChina
| | - Bernardo García-Carreras
- Department of Biology, University of FloridaGainesvilleUnited States
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of FloridaGainesvilleUnited States
| | - Justin Lessler
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public HealthBaltimoreUnited States
- Department of Epidemiology, UNC Gillings School of Global Public HealthChapel HillUnited States
- UNC Carolina Population CenterChapel HillUnited States
| | - Jonathan M Read
- Centre for Health Informatics Computing and Statistics, Lancaster UniversityLancasterUnited Kingdom
| | - Huachen Zhu
- Guangdong‐Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases/MOE Joint Laboratory for International Collaboration in Virology and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Joint Institute of Virology (Shantou University/The University of Hong Kong), Shantou UniversityShantouChina
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases / World Health Organization Influenza Reference Laboratory, School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong KongHong KongChina
- EKIH (Gewuzhikang) Pathogen Research InstituteGuangdongChina
| | - C Jessica E Metcalf
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton UniversityPrincetonUnited States
| | - James A Hay
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Imperial College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
- Center for Communicable Disease Dynamics, Harvard TH Chan School of Public HealthBostonUnited States
| | - Kin O Kwok
- The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina
- Stanley Ho Centre for Emerging Infectious Diseases, The Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina
- Shenzhen Research Institute of The Chinese University of Hong KongGuangdongChina
| | - Ruiyun Shen
- Guangzhou No.12 Hospital, GuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Chao Q Jiang
- Guangzhou No.12 Hospital, GuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Yi Guan
- Guangdong‐Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases/MOE Joint Laboratory for International Collaboration in Virology and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Joint Institute of Virology (Shantou University/The University of Hong Kong), Shantou UniversityShantouChina
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases / World Health Organization Influenza Reference Laboratory, School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong KongHong KongChina
- EKIH (Gewuzhikang) Pathogen Research InstituteGuangdongChina
| | - Steven Riley
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Imperial College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Derek A Cummings
- Department of Biology, University of FloridaGainesvilleUnited States
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of FloridaGainesvilleUnited States
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Yasuhara A, Yamayoshi S, Kiso M, Sakai-Tagawa Y, Okuda M, Kawaoka Y. A broadly protective human monoclonal antibody targeting the sialidase activity of influenza A and B virus neuraminidases. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6602. [PMID: 36329075 PMCID: PMC9632566 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34521-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Improved vaccines and antiviral agents that provide better, broader protection against seasonal and emerging influenza viruses are needed. The viral surface glycoprotein hemagglutinin (HA) is a primary target for the development of universal influenza vaccines and therapeutic antibodies. The other major surface antigen, neuraminidase (NA), has been less well studied as a potential target and fewer broadly reactive anti-NA antibodies have been identified. In this study, we isolate three human monoclonal antibodies that recognize NA from A/H1N1 subtypes, and find that one of them, clone DA03E17, binds to the NA of A/H3N2, A/H5N1, A/H7N9, B/Ancestral-lineage, B/Yamagata-lineage, and B/Victoria-lineage viruses. DA03E17 inhibits the neuraminidase activity by direct binding to the enzyme active site, and provides in vitro and in vivo protection against infection with several types of influenza virus. This clone could, therefore, be useful as a broadly protective therapeutic agent. Moreover, the neutralizing epitope of DA03E17 could be useful in the development of an NA-based universal influenza vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsuhiro Yasuhara
- grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XDivision of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Seiya Yamayoshi
- grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XDivision of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan ,grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XInternational Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan ,grid.45203.300000 0004 0489 0290Research Center for Global Viral Infections, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Maki Kiso
- grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XDivision of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuko Sakai-Tagawa
- grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XDivision of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Moe Okuda
- grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XDivision of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Kawaoka
- grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XDivision of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan ,grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XInternational Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan ,grid.45203.300000 0004 0489 0290Research Center for Global Viral Infections, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan ,grid.14003.360000 0001 2167 3675Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI USA
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