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Leenders F, de Koning EJP, Carlotti F. Pancreatic β-Cell Identity Change through the Lens of Single-Cell Omics Research. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4720. [PMID: 38731945 PMCID: PMC11083883 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The main hallmark in the development of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes is a decline in functional β-cell mass. This decline is predominantly attributed to β-cell death, although recent findings suggest that the loss of β-cell identity may also contribute to β-cell dysfunction. This phenomenon is characterized by a reduced expression of key markers associated with β-cell identity. This review delves into the insights gained from single-cell omics research specifically focused on β-cell identity. It highlights how single-cell omics based studies have uncovered an unexpected level of heterogeneity among β-cells and have facilitated the identification of distinct β-cell subpopulations through the discovery of cell surface markers, transcriptional regulators, the upregulation of stress-related genes, and alterations in chromatin activity. Furthermore, specific subsets of β-cells have been identified in diabetes, such as displaying an immature, dedifferentiated gene signature, expressing significantly lower insulin mRNA levels, and expressing increased β-cell precursor markers. Additionally, single-cell omics has increased insight into the detrimental effects of diabetes-associated conditions, including endoplasmic reticulum stress, oxidative stress, and inflammation, on β-cell identity. Lastly, this review outlines the factors that may influence the identification of β-cell subpopulations when designing and performing a single-cell omics experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Françoise Carlotti
- Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; (F.L.); (E.J.P.d.K.)
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Song SE, Shin SK, Ju HY, Im SS, Song DK. Role of cytosolic and endoplasmic reticulum Ca 2+ in pancreatic beta-cells: pros and cons. Pflugers Arch 2024; 476:151-161. [PMID: 37940681 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-023-02872-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic beta cells utilize Ca2+ to secrete insulin in response to glucose. The glucose-dependent increase in cytosolic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]C) activates a series of insulin secretory machinery in pancreatic beta cells. Therefore, the amount of insulin secreted in response to glucose is determined in a [Ca2+]C-dependent manner, at least within a moderate range. However, the demand for insulin secretion may surpass the capability of beta cells. Abnormal elevation of [Ca2+]C levels beyond the beta-cell endurance capacity can damage them by inducing endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and cell death programs such as apoptosis. Therefore, while Ca2+ is essential for the insulin secretory functions of beta cells, it could affect their survival at pathologically higher levels. Because an increase in beta-cell [Ca2+]C is inevitable under certain hazardous conditions, understanding the regulatory mechanism for [Ca2+]C is important. Therefore, this review discusses beta-cell function, survival, ER stress, and apoptosis associated with intracellular and ER Ca2+ homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Eun Song
- Department of Physiology & Obesity-Mediated Disease Research Center, Keimyung University School of Medicine, 1095 Dalgubeol-Daeroro, Dalseo-Gu, Daegu, 42601, South Korea
| | - Su-Kyung Shin
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Hyeon Yeong Ju
- Department of Physiology & Obesity-Mediated Disease Research Center, Keimyung University School of Medicine, 1095 Dalgubeol-Daeroro, Dalseo-Gu, Daegu, 42601, South Korea
| | - Seung-Soon Im
- Department of Physiology & Obesity-Mediated Disease Research Center, Keimyung University School of Medicine, 1095 Dalgubeol-Daeroro, Dalseo-Gu, Daegu, 42601, South Korea
| | - Dae-Kyu Song
- Department of Physiology & Obesity-Mediated Disease Research Center, Keimyung University School of Medicine, 1095 Dalgubeol-Daeroro, Dalseo-Gu, Daegu, 42601, South Korea.
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Kalnytska O, Qvist P, Kunz S, Conrad T, Willnow TE, Schmidt V. SORCS2 activity in pancreatic α-cells safeguards insulin granule formation and release from glucose-stressed β-cells. iScience 2024; 27:108725. [PMID: 38226160 PMCID: PMC10788290 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Sorting receptor SORCS2 is a stress-response factor protecting neurons from acute insults, such as during epilepsy. SORCS2 is also expressed in the pancreas, yet its action in this tissue remains unknown. Combining metabolic studies in SORCS2-deficient mice with ex vivo functional analyses and single-cell transcriptomics of pancreatic tissues, we identified a role for SORCS2 in protective stress response in pancreatic islets, essential to sustain insulin release. We show that SORCS2 is predominantly expressed in islet alpha cells. Loss of expression coincides with inability of these cells to produce osteopontin, a secreted factor that facilitates insulin release from stressed beta cells. In line with diminished osteopontin levels, beta cells in SORCS2-deficient islets show gene expression patterns indicative of aggravated cell stress, and exhibit defects in insulin granule maturation and a blunted glucose response. These findings corroborate a function for SORCS2 in protective stress response that extends to metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleksandra Kalnytska
- Molecular Cardiovascular Research, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, 13125 Berlin, Germany
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Per Qvist
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Séverine Kunz
- Technology Platform for Electron Microscopy, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Conrad
- Genomics Technology Platform, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas E. Willnow
- Molecular Cardiovascular Research, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, 13125 Berlin, Germany
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Vanessa Schmidt
- Molecular Cardiovascular Research, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, 13125 Berlin, Germany
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Vived C, Lee-Papastavros A, Aparecida da Silva Pereira J, Yi P, MacDonald TL. β Cell Stress and Endocrine Function During T1D: What Is Next to Discover? Endocrinology 2023; 165:bqad162. [PMID: 37947352 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqad162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Canonically, type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a disease characterized by autoreactive T cells as perpetrators of endocrine dysfunction and β cell death in the spiral toward loss of β cell mass, hyperglycemia, and insulin dependence. β Cells have mostly been considered as bystanders in a flurry of autoimmune processes. More recently, our framework for understanding and investigating T1D has evolved. It appears increasingly likely that intracellular β cell stress is an important component of T1D etiology/pathology that perpetuates autoimmunity during the progression to T1D. Here we discuss the emerging and complex role of β cell stress in initiating, provoking, and catalyzing T1D. We outline the bridges between hyperglycemia, endoplasmic reticulum stress, oxidative stress, and autoimmunity from the viewpoint of intrinsic β cell (dys)function, and we extend this discussion to the potential role for a therapeutic β cell stress-metabolism axis in T1D. Lastly, we mention research angles that may be pursued to improve β cell endocrine function during T1D. Biology gleaned from studying T1D will certainly overlap to innovate therapeutic strategies for T2D, and also enhance the pursuit of creating optimized stem cell-derived β cells as endocrine therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celia Vived
- Section for Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | - Jéssica Aparecida da Silva Pereira
- Section for Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Peng Yi
- Section for Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Diabetes Program, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Tara L MacDonald
- Section for Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Song SE, Shin SK, Kim YW, Do YR, Lim AK, Bae JH, Jeong GS, Im SS, Song DK. Lupenone attenuates thapsigargin-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress and apoptosis in pancreatic beta cells possibly through inhibition of protein tyrosine kinase 2 activity. Life Sci 2023; 332:122107. [PMID: 37739164 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Prolonged high levels of cytokines, glucose, or free fatty acids are associated with diabetes, elevation of cytosolic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]C), and depletion of Ca2+ concentration in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of pancreatic beta cells. This Ca2+ imbalance induces ER stress and apoptosis. Lupenone, a lupan-type triterpenoid, is beneficial in diabetes; however, its mechanism of action is yet to be clarified. This study evaluated the protective mechanism of lupenone against thapsigargin-induced ER stress and apoptosis in pancreatic beta cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS MIN6, INS-1, and native mouse islet cells were used. Western blot for protein expressions, measurement of [Ca2+]C, and in vivo glucose tolerance test were mainly performed. KEY FINDINGS Thapsigargin increased the protein levels of cleaved caspase 3, cleaved PARP, and the phosphorylated form of JNK, ATF4, and CHOP. Thapsigargin increased the interaction between stromal interaction molecule1 (Stim1) and Orai1, enhancing store-operated calcium entry (SOCE). SOCE is further activated by protein tyrosine kinase 2 (Pyk2), which is Ca2+-dependent and phosphorylates the tyrosine residue at Y361 in Stim1. Lupenone inhibited thapsigargin-mediated Pyk2 activation, suppressed [Ca2+]C, ER stress, and apoptosis. Lupenone restored impaired glucose-stimulated insulin secretion effectuated by thapsigargin and glucose intolerance in a low-dose streptozotocin-induced diabetic mouse model. SIGNIFICANCE These results suggested that lupenone attenuated thapsigargin-induced ER stress and apoptosis by inhibiting SOCE; this may be due to the hindrance of Pyk2-mediated Stim1 tyrosine phosphorylation. In beta cells that are inevitably exposed to frequent [Ca2+]C elevation, the attenuation of abnormally high SOCE would be beneficial for their survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Eun Song
- Department of Physiology & Obesity-mediated Disease Research Center, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Su-Kyung Shin
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Yong-Woon Kim
- Department of Physiology, Yeungnam University School of Medicine, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Young Rok Do
- Department of Internal Medicine, Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Ae Kyoung Lim
- Department of Physiology & Obesity-mediated Disease Research Center, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Jae-Hoon Bae
- Department of Physiology & Obesity-mediated Disease Research Center, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Gil-Saeng Jeong
- Keimyung University, College of Pharmacy, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Seung-Soon Im
- Department of Physiology & Obesity-mediated Disease Research Center, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Dae-Kyu Song
- Department of Physiology & Obesity-mediated Disease Research Center, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, South Korea.
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Pugliese LA, De Lorenzi V, Bernardi M, Ghignoli S, Tesi M, Marchetti P, Pesce L, Cardarelli F. Unveiling nanoscale optical signatures of cytokine-induced β-cell dysfunction. Sci Rep 2023; 13:13342. [PMID: 37587148 PMCID: PMC10432522 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-40272-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Pro-inflammatory cytokines contribute to β-cell failure in both Type-1 and Type-2 Diabetes. Data collected so far allowed to dissect the genomic, transcriptomic, proteomic and biochemical landscape underlying cytokine-induced β-cell progression through dysfunction. Yet, no report thus far complemented such molecular information with the direct optical nanoscopy of the β-cell subcellular environment. Here we tackle this issue in Insulinoma 1E (INS-1E) β-cells by label-free fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) and fluorescence-based super resolution imaging by expansion microscopy (ExM). It is found that 24-h exposure to IL-1β and IFN-γ is associated with a neat modification of the FLIM signature of cell autofluorescence due to the increase of either enzyme-bound NAD(P)H molecules and of oxidized lipid species. At the same time, ExM-based direct imaging unveils neat alteration of mitochondrial morphology (i.e. ~ 80% increase of mitochondrial circularity), marked degranulation (i.e. ~ 40% loss of insulin granules, with mis-localization of the surviving pool), appearance of F-actin-positive membrane blebs and an hitherto unknown extensive fragmentation of the microtubules network (e.g. ~ 37% reduction in the number of branches). Reported observations provide an optical-microscopy framework to interpret the amount of molecular information collected so far on β-cell dysfunction and pave the way to future ex-vivo and in-vivo investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Licia Anna Pugliese
- NEST Laboratory - Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza San Silvestro 12, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Valentina De Lorenzi
- NEST Laboratory - Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza San Silvestro 12, Pisa, Italy
| | - Mario Bernardi
- NEST Laboratory - Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza San Silvestro 12, Pisa, Italy
| | - Samuele Ghignoli
- NEST Laboratory - Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza San Silvestro 12, Pisa, Italy
| | - Marta Tesi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Islet Cell Laboratory, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Piero Marchetti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Islet Cell Laboratory, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Luca Pesce
- NEST Laboratory - Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza San Silvestro 12, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Francesco Cardarelli
- NEST Laboratory - Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza San Silvestro 12, Pisa, Italy.
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Eizirik DL, Szymczak F, Mallone R. Why does the immune system destroy pancreatic β-cells but not α-cells in type 1 diabetes? Nat Rev Endocrinol 2023; 19:425-434. [PMID: 37072614 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-023-00826-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023]
Abstract
A perplexing feature of type 1 diabetes (T1D) is that the immune system destroys pancreatic β-cells but not neighbouring α-cells, even though both β-cells and α-cells are dysfunctional. Dysfunction, however, progresses to death only for β-cells. Recent findings indicate important differences between these two cell types. First, expression of BCL2L1, a key antiapoptotic gene, is higher in α-cells than in β-cells. Second, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-related genes are differentially expressed, with higher expression levels of pro-apoptotic CHOP in β-cells than in α-cells and higher expression levels of HSPA5 (which encodes the protective chaperone BiP) in α-cells than in β-cells. Third, expression of viral recognition and innate immune response genes is higher in α-cells than in β-cells, contributing to the enhanced resistance of α-cells to coxsackievirus infection. Fourth, expression of the immune-inhibitory HLA-E molecule is higher in α-cells than in β-cells. Of note, α-cells are less immunogenic than β-cells, and the CD8+ T cells invading the islets in T1D are reactive to pre-proinsulin but not to glucagon. We suggest that this finding is a result of the enhanced capacity of the α-cell to endure viral infections and ER stress, which enables them to better survive early stressors that can cause cell death and consequently amplify antigen presentation to the immune system. Moreover, the processing of the pre-proglucagon precursor in enteroendocrine cells might favour immune tolerance towards this potential self-antigen compared to pre-proinsulin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Decio L Eizirik
- Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB) Center for Diabetes Research and Welbio, Medical Faculty, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Florian Szymczak
- Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB) Center for Diabetes Research and Welbio, Medical Faculty, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Roberto Mallone
- Université Paris Cité, Institut Cochin, CNRS, INSERM, Paris, France
- Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Service de Diabétologie et Immunologie Clinique, Cochin Hospital, Paris, France
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Brennecke BR, Yang US, Liu S, Ilerisoy FS, Ilerisoy BN, Joglekar A, Kim LB, Peachee SJ, Richtsmeier SL, Stephens SB, Sander EA, Strack S, Moninger TO, Ankrum JA, Imai Y. Utilization of commercial collagens for preparing well-differentiated human beta cells for confocal microscopy. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1187216. [PMID: 37305047 PMCID: PMC10248405 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1187216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction With technical advances, confocal and super-resolution microscopy have become powerful tools to dissect cellular pathophysiology. Cell attachment to glass surfaces compatible with advanced imaging is critical prerequisite but remains a considerable challenge for human beta cells. Recently, Phelps et al. reported that human beta cells plated on type IV collagen (Col IV) and cultured in neuronal medium preserve beta cell characteristics. Methods We examined human islet cells plated on two commercial sources of Col IV (C6745 and C5533) and type V collagen (Col V) for differences in cell morphology by confocal microscopy and secretory function by glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS). Collagens were authenticated by mass spectrometry and fluorescent collagen-binding adhesion protein CNA35. Results All three preparations allowed attachment of beta cells with high nuclear localization of NKX6.1, indicating a well-differentiated status. All collagen preparations supported robust GSIS. However, the morphology of islet cells differed between the 3 preparations. C5533 showed preferable features as an imaging platform with the greatest cell spread and limited stacking of cells followed by Col V and C6745. A significant difference in attachment behavior of C6745 was attributed to the low collagen contents of this preparation indicating importance of authentication of coating material. Human islet cells plated on C5533 showed dynamic changes in mitochondria and lipid droplets (LDs) in response to an uncoupling agent 2-[2-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]hydrazinylidene]-propanedinitrile (FCCP) or high glucose + oleic acid. Discussion An authenticated preparation of Col IV provides a simple platform to apply advanced imaging for studies of human islet cell function and morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brianna R. Brennecke
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - USeong Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Siming Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Fatma S. Ilerisoy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Beyza N. Ilerisoy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Aditya Joglekar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Lucy B. Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Spencer J. Peachee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Syreine L. Richtsmeier
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Samuel B. Stephens
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Edward A. Sander
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Stefan Strack
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Thomas O. Moninger
- Central Microscopy Research Facility, Roy G. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - James A. Ankrum
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Yumi Imai
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
- Medical Service, Endocrinology Section, Iowa City Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Iowa City, IA, United States
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Liu X, Yang J, Li Z, Liu R, Wu X, Zhang Z, Lai L, Li Z, Song Y. YIPF5 (p.W218R) mutation induced primary microcephaly in rabbits. Neurobiol Dis 2023; 182:106135. [PMID: 37142085 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary microcephaly (PMCPH) is a rare autosomal recessive neurodevelopmental disorder with a global prevalence of PMCPH ranging from 0.0013% to 0.15%. Recently, a homozygous missense mutation in YIPF5 (p.W218R) was identified as a causative mutation of severe microcephaly. In this study, we constructed a rabbit PMCPH model harboring YIPF5 (p.W218R) mutation using SpRY-ABEmax mediated base substitution, which precisely recapitulated the typical symptoms of human PMCPH. Compared with wild-type controls, the mutant rabbits exhibited stunted growth, reduced head circumference, altered motor ability, and decreased survival rates. Further investigation based on model rabbit elucidated that altered YIPF5 function in cortical neurons could lead to endoplasmic reticulum stress and neurodevelopmental disorders, interference of the generation of apical progenitors (APs), the first generation of progenitors in the developing cortex. Furthermore, these YIPF5-mutant rabbits support a correlation between unfolded protein responses (UPR) induced by endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS), and the development of PMCPH, thus providing a new perspective on the role of YIPF5 in human brain development and a theoretical basis for the differential diagnosis and clinical treatment of PMCPH. To our knowledge, this is the first gene-edited rabbit model of PMCPH. The model better mimics the clinical features of human microcephaly than the traditional mouse models. Hence, it provides great potential for understanding the pathogenesis and developing novel diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for PMCPH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Zhaoyi Li
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Ruonan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Xinyu Wu
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Zhongtian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Liangxue Lai
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China; Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory (GRMH-GDL), Guangzhou 510005, China.
| | - Zhanjun Li
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China.
| | - Yuning Song
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China.
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10
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Chen CW, Guan BJ, Alzahrani MR, Gao Z, Gao L, Bracey S, Wu J, Mbow CA, Jobava R, Haataja L, Zalavadia AH, Schaffer AE, Lee H, LaFramboise T, Bederman I, Arvan P, Mathews CE, Gerling IC, Kaestner KH, Tirosh B, Engin F, Hatzoglou M. Adaptation to chronic ER stress enforces pancreatic β-cell plasticity. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4621. [PMID: 35941159 PMCID: PMC9360004 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32425-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic β-cells are prone to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress due to their role in insulin secretion. They require sustainable and efficient adaptive stress responses to cope with this stress. Whether episodes of chronic stress directly compromise β-cell identity is unknown. We show here under reversible, chronic stress conditions β-cells undergo transcriptional and translational reprogramming associated with impaired expression of regulators of β-cell function and identity. Upon recovery from stress, β-cells regain their identity and function, indicating a high degree of adaptive plasticity. Remarkably, while β-cells show resilience to episodic ER stress, when episodes exceed a threshold, β-cell identity is gradually lost. Single cell RNA-sequencing analysis of islets from type 1 diabetes patients indicates severe deregulation of the chronic stress-adaptation program and reveals novel biomarkers of diabetes progression. Our results suggest β-cell adaptive exhaustion contributes to diabetes pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Wen Chen
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.
| | - Bo-Jhih Guan
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Mohammed R Alzahrani
- Department of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Zhaofeng Gao
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Long Gao
- Department of Genetics and Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Syrena Bracey
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Jing Wu
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Cheikh A Mbow
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Raul Jobava
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Leena Haataja
- The Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology & Diabetes, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA
| | - Ajay H Zalavadia
- Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9620 Carnegie Ave N Bldg, Cleveland, OH, 44106, US
| | - Ashleigh E Schaffer
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Hugo Lee
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Thomas LaFramboise
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Ilya Bederman
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Peter Arvan
- The Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology & Diabetes, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA
| | - Clayton E Mathews
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, US
| | - Ivan C Gerling
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee, Memphis, TN, US
| | - Klaus H Kaestner
- Department of Genetics and Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Boaz Tirosh
- Department of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
- The Institute for Drug Research, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Feyza Engin
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, 53706, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, University of Wisconsin-Madison, School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, 53705, USA.
| | - Maria Hatzoglou
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.
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11
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Svikle Z, Peterfelde B, Sjakste N, Baumane K, Verkauskiene R, Jeng CJ, Sokolovska J. Ubiquitin-proteasome system in diabetic retinopathy. PeerJ 2022; 10:e13715. [PMID: 35873915 PMCID: PMC9306563 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the most common complication of diabetes, being the most prevalent reason for blindness among the working-age population in the developed world. Despite constant improvement of understanding of the pathogenesis of DR, identification of novel biomarkers of DR is needed for improvement of patient risk stratification and development of novel prevention and therapeutic approaches. The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) is the primary protein quality control system responsible for recognizing and degrading of damaged proteins. This review aims to summarize literature data on modifications of UPS in diabetes and DR. First, we briefly review the structure and functions of UPS in physiological conditions. We then describe how UPS is involved in the development and progression of diabetes and touch upon the association of UPS genetic factors with diabetes and its complications. Further, we focused on the effect of diabetes-induced hyperglycemia, oxidative stress and hypoxia on UPS functioning, with examples of studies on DR. In other sections, we discussed the association of several other mechanisms of DR (endoplasmic reticulum stress, neurodegeneration etc) with UPS modifications. Finally, UPS-affecting drugs and remedies are reviewed. This review highlights UPS as a promising target for the development of therapies for DR prevention and treatment and identifies gaps in existing knowledge and possible future study directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zane Svikle
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia
| | - Beate Peterfelde
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia,Ophthalmology Department, Riga East University Hospital, Riga, Latvia
| | | | - Kristine Baumane
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia,Ophthalmology Department, Riga East University Hospital, Riga, Latvia
| | - Rasa Verkauskiene
- Institute of Endocrinology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Chi-Juei Jeng
- Ophthalmology Department, Taipei Medical University Shuang Ho Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei, The Republic of China (Taiwan),College of Medicine, Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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12
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Süzen Çaypınar S, Behram M. A novel marker endoplasmic reticulum to nucleus signalling-1 in the diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus. J Turk Ger Gynecol Assoc 2022; 23:106-110. [PMID: 35642386 PMCID: PMC9160998 DOI: 10.4274/jtgga.galenos.2021.2021-9-28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: We aimed to investigate maternal plasma endoplasmic reticulum to nucleus signalling-1 (ERN-1) concentrations in patients diagnosed with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Material and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of 57 pregnant women with GDM and 40 gestational age- and body mass index-matched, healthy pregnant controls, conducted between August 2020 and November 2020. Plasma ERN-1 levels, other laboratory markers of insulin resistance, and demographic characteristics were compared between groups. Results: Fasting glucose, insulin, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), hemoglobin A1c and plasma ERN-1 levels were significantly higher in the GDM group than in the healthy controls (p<0.001). Positive correlation was found between ERN-1 levels and HOMA-IR values (p=0.016). The optimal cut-off value for ERN-1 to diagnose GDM was 6.960 ng/mL, with a sensitivity of 78.9% and a specificity of 75.0% (p<0.001). Conclusion: ERN-1 may be considered as a new marker for diagnosis of GDM and may also be a potential target in studies of GDM treatment modalities.
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13
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Miyake M, Sobajima M, Kurahashi K, Shigenaga A, Denda M, Otaka A, Saio T, Sakane N, Kosako H, Oyadomari S. Identification of an endoplasmic reticulum proteostasis modulator that enhances insulin production in pancreatic β cells. Cell Chem Biol 2022; 29:996-1009.e9. [PMID: 35143772 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2022.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Perturbation of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) proteostasis is associated with impairment of cellular function in diverse diseases, especially the function of pancreatic β cells in type 2 diabetes. Restoration of ER proteostasis by small molecules shows therapeutic promise for type 2 diabetes. Here, using cell-based screening, we report identification of a chemical chaperone-like small molecule, KM04794, that alleviates ER stress. KM04794 prevented protein aggregation and cell death caused by ER stressors and a mutant insulin protein. We also found that this compound increased intracellular and secreted insulin levels in pancreatic β cells. Chemical biology and biochemical approaches revealed that the compound accumulated in the ER and interacted directly with the ER molecular chaperone BiP. Our data show that this corrector of ER proteostasis can enhance insulin storage and pancreatic β cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masato Miyake
- Division of Molecular Biology, Institute of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan; Department of Molecular Research, Diabetes Therapeutics and Research Center, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan; Fujii Memorial Institute of Medical Sciences, Institute of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan.
| | - Mitsuaki Sobajima
- Division of Molecular Biology, Institute of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan; Department of Molecular Research, Diabetes Therapeutics and Research Center, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Kiyoe Kurahashi
- Division of Molecular Biology, Institute of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan; Department of Molecular Research, Diabetes Therapeutics and Research Center, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan; Department of Hematology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Akira Shigenaga
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan; Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuyama University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Masaya Denda
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Akira Otaka
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Tomohide Saio
- Division of Molecular Life Science, Institute of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Naoki Sakane
- Pharmaceutical Frontier Research Laboratories, JT Inc., Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hidetaka Kosako
- Fujii Memorial Institute of Medical Sciences, Institute of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Seiichi Oyadomari
- Division of Molecular Biology, Institute of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan; Department of Molecular Research, Diabetes Therapeutics and Research Center, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan; Fujii Memorial Institute of Medical Sciences, Institute of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan.
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14
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Joglekar MV, Sahu S, Wong WKM, Satoor SN, Dong CX, Farr RJ, Williams MD, Pandya P, Jhala G, Yang SNY, Chew YV, Hetherington N, Thiruchevlam D, Mitnala S, Rao GV, Reddy DN, Loudovaris T, Hawthorne WJ, Elefanty AG, Joglekar VM, Stanley EG, Martin D, Thomas HE, Tosh D, Dalgaard LT, Hardikar AA. A Pro-Endocrine Pancreatic Islet Transcriptional Program Established During Development Is Retained in Human Gallbladder Epithelial Cells. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 13:1530-1553.e4. [PMID: 35032693 PMCID: PMC9043310 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2022.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Pancreatic islet β-cells are factories for insulin production; however, ectopic expression of insulin also is well recognized. The gallbladder is a next-door neighbor to the developing pancreas. Here, we wanted to understand if gallbladders contain functional insulin-producing cells. METHODS We compared developing and adult mouse as well as human gallbladder epithelial cells and islets using immunohistochemistry, flow cytometry, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, RNA sequencing, real-time polymerase chain reaction, chromatin immunoprecipitation, and functional studies. RESULTS We show that the epithelial lining of developing, as well as adult, mouse and human gallbladders naturally contain interspersed cells that retain the capacity to actively transcribe, translate, package, and release insulin. We show that human gallbladders also contain functional insulin-secreting cells with the potential to naturally respond to glucose in vitro and in situ. Notably, in a non-obese diabetic (NOD) mouse model of type 1 diabetes, we observed that insulin-producing cells in the gallbladder are not targeted by autoimmune cells. Interestingly, in human gallbladders, insulin splice variants are absent, although insulin splice forms are observed in human islets. CONCLUSIONS In summary, our biochemical, transcriptomic, and functional data in mouse and human gallbladder epithelial cells collectively show the evolutionary and developmental similarities between gallbladder and the pancreas that allow gallbladder epithelial cells to continue insulin production in adult life. Understanding the mechanisms regulating insulin transcription and translation in gallbladder epithelial cells would help guide future studies in type 1 diabetes therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mugdha V Joglekar
- Diabetes and Islet Biology Group, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Subhshri Sahu
- Diabetes and Islet Biology Group, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Wilson K M Wong
- Diabetes and Islet Biology Group, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sarang N Satoor
- Diabetes and Islet Biology Group, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Charlotte X Dong
- Diabetes and Islet Biology Group, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ryan J Farr
- Diabetes and Islet Biology Group, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Michael D Williams
- Diabetes and Islet Biology Group, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Prapti Pandya
- Diabetes and Islet Biology Group, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Gaurang Jhala
- Immunology and Diabetes Group, St. Vincent's Institute for Medical Research, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sundy N Y Yang
- Diabetes and Islet Biology Group, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Yi Vee Chew
- The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead Millenium Institute, University of Sydney, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Nicola Hetherington
- Diabetes and Islet Biology Group, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Dhan Thiruchevlam
- Department of Gastroenterology, St. Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sasikala Mitnala
- Surgical Gastroenterology Research, Asian Institute of Gastroenterology, Hyderabad, India
| | - Guduru V Rao
- Surgical Gastroenterology Research, Asian Institute of Gastroenterology, Hyderabad, India
| | | | - Thomas Loudovaris
- Immunology and Diabetes Group, St. Vincent's Institute for Medical Research, Victoria, Australia
| | - Wayne J Hawthorne
- The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead Millenium Institute, University of Sydney, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Andrew G Elefanty
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Edouard G Stanley
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - David Martin
- Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery, Strathfield Hospital, Strathfield, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Helen E Thomas
- Immunology and Diabetes Group, St. Vincent's Institute for Medical Research, Victoria, Australia
| | - David Tosh
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - Louise T Dalgaard
- Section of Eukaryotic Cell Biology, Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Anandwardhan A Hardikar
- Diabetes and Islet Biology Group, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, New South Wales, Australia.
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15
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Silverstein A, Dudaev A, Studneva M, Aitken J, Blokh S, Miller AD, Tanasova S, Rose N, Ryals J, Borchers C, Nordstrom A, Moiseyakh M, Herrera AS, Skomorohov N, Marshall T, Wu A, Cheng RH, Syzko K, Cotter PD, Podzyuban M, Thilly W, Smith PD, Barach P, Bouri K, Schoenfeld Y, Matsuura E, Medvedeva V, Shmulevich I, Cheng L, Seegers P, Khotskaya Y, Flaherty K, Dooley S, Sorenson EJ, Ross M, Suchkov S. Evolution of biomarker research in autoimmunity conditions for health professionals and clinical practice. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2022; 190:219-276. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2022.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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16
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Gut Metabolite Trimethylamine N-Oxide Protects INS-1 β-Cell and Rat Islet Function under Diabetic Glucolipotoxic Conditions. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11121892. [PMID: 34944536 PMCID: PMC8699500 DOI: 10.3390/biom11121892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Serum accumulation of the gut microbial metabolite trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) is associated with high caloric intake and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Impaired pancreatic β-cell function is a hallmark of diet-induced T2D, which is linked to hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia. While TMAO production via the gut microbiome-liver axis is well defined, its molecular effects on metabolic tissues are unclear, since studies in various tissues show deleterious and beneficial TMAO effects. We investigated the molecular effects of TMAO on functional β-cell mass. We hypothesized that TMAO may damage functional β-cell mass by inhibiting β-cell viability, survival, proliferation, or function to promote T2D pathogenesis. We treated INS-1 832/13 β-cells and primary rat islets with physiological TMAO concentrations and compared functional β-cell mass under healthy standard cell culture (SCC) and T2D-like glucolipotoxic (GLT) conditions. GLT significantly impeded β-cell mass and function by inducing oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. TMAO normalized GLT-mediated damage in β-cells and primary islet function. Acute 40µM TMAO recovered insulin production, insulin granule formation, and insulin secretion by upregulating the IRE1α unfolded protein response to GLT-induced ER and oxidative stress. These novel results demonstrate that TMAO protects β-cell function and suggest that TMAO may play a beneficial molecular role in diet-induced T2D conditions.
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17
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Kim MK, Cheong YH, Lee SH, Kim TH, Jung IH, Chae Y, Lee JH, Yang EK, Park H, Yang JS, Hong KW. A novel GPR119 agonist DA-1241 preserves pancreatic function via the suppression of ER stress and increased PDX1 expression. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 144:112324. [PMID: 34678732 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
DA-1241 is a novel small molecule G protein-coupled receptor 119 (GPR119) agonist in early clinical development for type 2 diabetic patients. This study aimed to elucidate the pharmacological characteristics of DA-1241 for its hypoglycemic action. DA-1241 potently and selectively activated GPR119 with enhanced maximum efficacy. DA-1241 increased intracellular cAMP in HIT-T15 insulinoma cells (EC50, 14.7 nM) and increased insulin secretion (EC50, 22.3 nM) in association with enhanced human insulin promoter activity. Accordingly, postprandial plasma insulin levels were increased in mice after single oral administration of DA-1241. Postprandial glucose excursion was significantly reduced by single oral administration of DA-1241 in wild-type mice but not in GPR119 knockout mice. GLP-1 secretion was increased by DA-1241 treatment in mice. Thus, upon combined sitagliptin and DA-1241 treatment in high-fat diet/streptozotocin (HFD/STZ)-induced diabetic mice, plasma active GLP-1 levels were synergistically increased. Accordingly, blood glucose and triglyceride levels were significantly lowered both by DA-1241 and sitagliptin alone and in combination. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that β-cell mass with reduced PDX1 levels in the islets from HFD/STZ diabetic mice was significantly preserved by DA-1241, whereas increased glucagon and BiP levels were significantly suppressed. In HIT-T15 insulinoma cells subjected to ER stress, decreased cell viability was significantly rescued by treatment with DA-1241. Additionally, increased apoptosis was largely attenuated by DA-1241 by inhibiting BiP and CHOP expression through suppression of p38 MAPK. In conclusion, these studies provide evidence that DA-1241 can be a promising antidiabetic drug by potentially preserving pancreatic functions through suppressing ER stress and increasing PDX1 expression.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Blood Glucose/drug effects
- Blood Glucose/metabolism
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cricetinae
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/blood
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/chemically induced
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/drug therapy
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/pathology
- Diet, High-Fat
- Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress/drug effects
- Homeodomain Proteins/genetics
- Homeodomain Proteins/metabolism
- Hypoglycemic Agents/pharmacology
- Insulin/blood
- Male
- Mice, Inbred ICR
- Mice, Knockout
- Oxadiazoles/pharmacology
- Oxadiazoles/therapeutic use
- Pancreas/drug effects
- Pancreas/metabolism
- Pancreas/pathology
- Piperidines/pharmacology
- Piperidines/therapeutic use
- Pyrimidines/pharmacology
- Pyrimidines/therapeutic use
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/agonists
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/genetics
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Streptozocin
- Trans-Activators/genetics
- Trans-Activators/metabolism
- Triglycerides/blood
- Up-Regulation
- Mice
- Rats
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Kyung Kim
- Drug Discovery Research Laboratories, Dong-A ST Co., Ltd., Yongin 17073, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ye Hwang Cheong
- Drug Discovery Research Laboratories, Dong-A ST Co., Ltd., Yongin 17073, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Ho Lee
- Drug Discovery Research Laboratories, Dong-A ST Co., Ltd., Yongin 17073, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Hyoung Kim
- Drug Discovery Research Laboratories, Dong-A ST Co., Ltd., Yongin 17073, Republic of Korea
| | - Il Hoon Jung
- Drug Discovery Research Laboratories, Dong-A ST Co., Ltd., Yongin 17073, Republic of Korea
| | - Yuna Chae
- Drug Discovery Research Laboratories, Dong-A ST Co., Ltd., Yongin 17073, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Ha Lee
- Drug Discovery Research Laboratories, Dong-A ST Co., Ltd., Yongin 17073, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Kyoung Yang
- Drug Discovery Research Laboratories, Dong-A ST Co., Ltd., Yongin 17073, Republic of Korea
| | - Hansu Park
- Drug Discovery Research Laboratories, Dong-A ST Co., Ltd., Yongin 17073, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Sung Yang
- Drug Discovery Research Laboratories, Dong-A ST Co., Ltd., Yongin 17073, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Whan Hong
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, 46241, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea
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18
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Sharma RB, Landa-Galván HV, Alonso LC. Living Dangerously: Protective and Harmful ER Stress Responses in Pancreatic β-Cells. Diabetes 2021; 70:2431-2443. [PMID: 34711668 PMCID: PMC8564401 DOI: 10.2337/dbi20-0033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a growing cause of poor health, psychosocial burden, and economic costs worldwide. The pancreatic β-cell is a cornerstone of metabolic physiology. Insulin deficiency leads to hyperglycemia, which was fatal before the availability of therapeutic insulins; even partial deficiency of insulin leads to diabetes in the context of insulin resistance. Comprising only an estimated 1 g or <1/500th of a percent of the human body mass, pancreatic β-cells of the islets of Langerhans are a vulnerable link in metabolism. Proinsulin production constitutes a major load on β-cell endoplasmic reticulum (ER), and decompensated ER stress is a cause of β-cell failure and loss in both type 1 diabetes (T1D) and T2D. The unfolded protein response (UPR), the principal ER stress response system, is critical for maintenance of β-cell health. Successful UPR guides expansion of ER protein folding capacity and increased β-cell number through survival pathways and cell replication. However, in some cases the ER stress response can cause collateral β-cell damage and may even contribute to diabetes pathogenesis. Here we review the known beneficial and harmful effects of UPR pathways in pancreatic β-cells. Improved understanding of this stress response tipping point may lead to approaches to maintain β-cell health and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit B Sharma
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism and Weill Center for Metabolic Health, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Huguet V Landa-Galván
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism and Weill Center for Metabolic Health, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Laura C Alonso
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism and Weill Center for Metabolic Health, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
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19
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Rodrigues-Dos-Santos K, Soares GM, Guimarães DSPSF, Araújo TR, Vettorazzi JF, Zangerolamo L, Marconato-Júnior E, Cai R, Sha W, Schally AV, Boschero AC, Barbosa HCL. Effects of growth hormone-releasing hormone agonistic analog MR-409 on insulin-secreting cells under cyclopiazonic acid-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2021; 535:111379. [PMID: 34252492 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2021.111379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is one of the mechanisms related to decreased insulin secretion and beta cell death, contributing to the progress of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D). Thus, investigating agents that can influence this process would help prevent the development of T2D. Recently, the growth-hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) action has been demonstrated in INS-1E cells, in which it increases cell proliferation and insulin secretion. As the effects of GHRH and its agonists have not been fully elucidated in the beta cell, we proposed to investigate them by evaluating the role of the GHRH agonist, MR-409, in cells under ER stress. Our results show that the agonist was unable to ameliorate or prevent ER stress. However, cells exposed to the agonist showed less oxidative stress and greater survival even under ER stress. The mechanisms by which GHRH agonist, MR-409, leads to these outcomes require further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Rodrigues-Dos-Santos
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, P.O. Box 6109, CEP: 13083-865, Brazil; Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gabriela M Soares
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, P.O. Box 6109, CEP: 13083-865, Brazil; Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Dimitrius S P S F Guimarães
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, P.O. Box 6109, CEP: 13083-865, Brazil; Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thiago R Araújo
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, P.O. Box 6109, CEP: 13083-865, Brazil; Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jean F Vettorazzi
- Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Educational Union of Cascavel, UNIVEL, Cascavel, Parana, Brazil
| | - Lucas Zangerolamo
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, P.O. Box 6109, CEP: 13083-865, Brazil; Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Emilio Marconato-Júnior
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, P.O. Box 6109, CEP: 13083-865, Brazil; Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renzhi Cai
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 1201 NW 16th Street, Research Service (151), Room 2A103C, Miami, FL, 33125, United States; Departments of Pathology and Medicine, Divisions of Hematology/Oncology and Endocrinology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, 1600 NW 10th Avenue #1140, Miami, FL, 33136, United States
| | - Wei Sha
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 1201 NW 16th Street, Research Service (151), Room 2A103C, Miami, FL, 33125, United States; Departments of Pathology and Medicine, Divisions of Hematology/Oncology and Endocrinology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, 1600 NW 10th Avenue #1140, Miami, FL, 33136, United States
| | - Andrew V Schally
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 1201 NW 16th Street, Research Service (151), Room 2A103C, Miami, FL, 33125, United States; Departments of Pathology and Medicine, Divisions of Hematology/Oncology and Endocrinology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, 1600 NW 10th Avenue #1140, Miami, FL, 33136, United States.
| | - Antônio C Boschero
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, P.O. Box 6109, CEP: 13083-865, Brazil; Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Helena C L Barbosa
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, P.O. Box 6109, CEP: 13083-865, Brazil; Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
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HSPB1 Is Essential for Inducing Resistance to Proteotoxic Stress in Beta-Cells. Cells 2021; 10:cells10092178. [PMID: 34571827 PMCID: PMC8472426 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
During type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) development, beta-cells undergo intense endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress that could result in apoptosis through the failure of adaptation to the unfolded protein response (UPR). Islet transplantation is considered an attractive alternative among beta-cell replacement therapies for T1DM. To avoid the loss of beta-cells that will jeopardize the transplant’s outcome, several strategies are being studied. We have previously shown that prolactin induces protection against proinflammatory cytokines and redox imbalance-induced beta-cell death by increasing heat-shock protein B1 (HSPB1) levels. Since the role of HSPB1 in beta cells has not been deeply studied, we investigated the mechanisms involved in unbalanced protein homeostasis caused by intense ER stress and overload of the proteasomal protein degradation pathway. We tested whether HSPB1-mediated cytoprotective effects involved UPR modulation and improvement of protein degradation via the ubiquitin-proteasome system. We demonstrated that increased levels of HSPB1 attenuated levels of pro-apoptotic proteins such as CHOP and BIM, as well as increased protein ubiquitination and the speed of proteasomal protein degradation. Our data showed that HSPB1 induced resistance to proteotoxic stress and, thus, enhanced cell survival via an increase in beta-cell proteolytic capacity. These results could contribute to generate strategies aimed at the optimization of beta-cell replacement therapies.
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MCPIP1 is a novel link between diabetogenic conditions and impaired insulin secretory capacity. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2021; 1867:166199. [PMID: 34144091 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2021.166199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
During diabetes development insulin production and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) are defective due to inflammation-related, yet not fully understood mechanisms. MCPIP1 (monocyte chemotactic protein-induced protein-1) is a strong regulator of inflammation, and acts predominantly as a specific RNase. The impact of MCPIP1 on insulin secretory capacity is unknown. We show that the expression of the ZC3H12A gene, which encodes MCPIP1, was induced by T1DM- and by T2DM-simulating conditions, with a stronger effect of cytokines. The number of MCPIP1-positive pancreatic islet-cells, including beta-cells, was significantly higher in diabetic compared to nondiabetic individuals. In the 3'UTR regions of mRNAs coding for Pdx1 (pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1), FoxO1 (forkhead box protein O1), and of a novel regulator of insulin handling, Grp94 (glucose-regulated protein 94), MCPIP1-target structures were detected. Overexpression of the wild type MCPIP1wt, but not of the mutant MCPIP1D141N (lacking the RNase activity), decreased the expression of genes involved in insulin production and GSIS. Additionally INS1-E-MCPIP1wt cells exhibited a higher Ire1 (inositol-requiring enzyme 1) expression. MCPIP1wt overexpression blunted GSIS and glucose-mediated calcium influx with no deleterious effects on glucose uptake or glucokinase activity. We identify MCPIP1 as a new common link between diabetogenic conditions and beta-cell failure. MCPIP1 may serve as an interesting target for novel beta-cell protective approaches.
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Sanchez Caballero L, Gorgogietas V, Arroyo MN, Igoillo-Esteve M. Molecular mechanisms of β-cell dysfunction and death in monogenic forms of diabetes. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 359:139-256. [PMID: 33832649 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2021.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Monogenetic forms of diabetes represent 1%-5% of all diabetes cases and are caused by mutations in a single gene. These mutations, that affect genes involved in pancreatic β-cell development, function and survival, or insulin regulation, may be dominant or recessive, inherited or de novo. Most patients with monogenic diabetes are very commonly misdiagnosed as having type 1 or type 2 diabetes. The severity of their symptoms depends on the nature of the mutation, the function of the affected gene and, in some cases, the influence of additional genetic or environmental factors that modulate severity and penetrance. In some patients, diabetes is accompanied by other syndromic features such as deafness, blindness, microcephaly, liver and intestinal defects, among others. The age of diabetes onset may also vary from neonatal until early adulthood manifestations. Since the different mutations result in diverse clinical presentations, patients usually need different treatments that range from just diet and exercise, to the requirement of exogenous insulin or other hypoglycemic drugs, e.g., sulfonylureas or glucagon-like peptide 1 analogs to control their glycemia. As a consequence, awareness and correct diagnosis are crucial for the proper management and treatment of monogenic diabetes patients. In this chapter, we describe mutations causing different monogenic forms of diabetes associated with inadequate pancreas development or impaired β-cell function and survival, and discuss the molecular mechanisms involved in β-cell demise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Sanchez Caballero
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research (UCDR), Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium. http://www.ucdr.be/
| | - Vyron Gorgogietas
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research (UCDR), Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium. http://www.ucdr.be/
| | - Maria Nicol Arroyo
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research (UCDR), Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium. http://www.ucdr.be/
| | - Mariana Igoillo-Esteve
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research (UCDR), Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium. http://www.ucdr.be/.
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Zhu B, Chen Y, Xu F, Shen X, Chen X, Lv J, Zhang S. Androgens impair β-cell function in a mouse model of polycystic ovary syndrome by activating endoplasmic reticulum stress. Endocr Connect 2021; 10:265-272. [PMID: 33543730 PMCID: PMC8052571 DOI: 10.1530/ec-20-0608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Androgens excess results in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, which is an important cause of β cells dysfunction. Here, we investigated the molecular regulation of androgens excess, ER stress, and β-cell function in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). METHODS PCOS mouse model was established by injection of DHEA. Primary cultured mouse islets were used to detect testosterone (TE)-induced ER stress. The response of ER stress, apoptosis, and hyperinsulinemia were analyzed in INS-1 cells with or without TE exposure. Androgen receptor (AR) antagonist and ER stress inhibitor treatment was performed to evaluate the role of TE in ER stress and proinsulin secretion of PCOS mice. RESULTS PCOS mice had higher ER stress in islets. TE exposure induced ER stress and apoptosis significantly through sustaining insulin overexpression in β cells, which in turn impaired proinsulin maturation and secretion. Blocking this process could significantly relieve ER stress and apoptosis and improve insulin homeostasis. CONCLUSION ER stress activated by androgens excess in PCOS contributes to β cell dysfunction and hyperinsulinemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Assisted Reproduction Unit, Sir Run Run ShawHospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine Key Laboratory of Reproductive Dysfunction Management of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Wenzhou People’s Hospital, Wenzhou Women and Children Health, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yumei Chen
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Wenzhou People’s Hospital, Wenzhou Women and Children Health, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fang Xu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Wenzhou People’s Hospital, Wenzhou Women and Children Health, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaolu Shen
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Wenzhou People’s Hospital, Wenzhou Women and Children Health, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xuanyu Chen
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Wenzhou People’s Hospital, Wenzhou Women and Children Health, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jieqiang Lv
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Correspondence should be addressed to J Lv or S Zhang: or
| | - Songying Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Assisted Reproduction Unit, Sir Run Run ShawHospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine Key Laboratory of Reproductive Dysfunction Management of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Correspondence should be addressed to J Lv or S Zhang: or
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Non-Genetically Encoded Epitopes Are Relevant Targets in Autoimmune Diabetes. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9020202. [PMID: 33671312 PMCID: PMC7922826 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9020202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Islet antigen reactive T cells play a key role in promoting beta cell destruction in type 1 diabetes (T1D). Self-reactive T cells are typically deleted through negative selection in the thymus or deviated to a regulatory phenotype. Nevertheless, those processes are imperfect such that even healthy individuals have a reservoir of potentially autoreactive T cells. What remains less clear is how tolerance is lost to insulin and other beta cell specific antigens. Islet autoantibodies, the best predictor of disease risk, are known to recognize classical antigens such as proinsulin, GAD65, IA-2, and ZnT8. These antibodies are thought to be supported by the expansion of autoreactive CD4+ T cells that recognize these same antigenic targets. However, recent studies have identified new classes of non-genetically encoded epitopes that may reflect crucial gaps in central and peripheral tolerance. Notably, some of these specificities, including epitopes from enzymatically post-translationally modified antigens and hybrid insulin peptides, are present at relatively high frequencies in the peripheral blood of patients with T1D. We conclude that CD4+ T cells that recognize non-genetically encoded epitopes are likely to make an important contribution to the progression of islet autoimmunity in T1D. We further propose that these classes of neo-epitopes should be considered as possible targets for strategies to induce antigen specific tolerance.
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Stone SI, Abreu D, McGill JB, Urano F. Monogenic and syndromic diabetes due to endoplasmic reticulum stress. J Diabetes Complications 2021; 35:107618. [PMID: 32518033 PMCID: PMC7648725 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2020.107618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) lies at the crossroads of protein folding, calcium storage, lipid metabolism, and the regulation of autophagy and apoptosis. Accordingly, dysregulation of ER homeostasis leads to β-cell dysfunction in type 1 and type 2 diabetes that ultimately culminates in cell death. The ER is therefore an emerging target for understanding the mechanisms of diabetes mellitus that captures the complex etiologies of this multifactorial class of metabolic disorders. Our strategy for developing ER-targeted diagnostics and therapeutics is to focus on monogenic forms of diabetes related to ER dysregulation in an effort to understand the exact contribution of ER stress to β-cell death. In this manner, we can develop personalized genetic medicine for ERstress-related diabetic disorders, such as Wolfram syndrome. In this article, we describe the phenotypes and molecular pathogenesis of ERstress-related monogenic forms of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen I Stone
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
| | - Damien Abreu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Lipid Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Janet B McGill
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Lipid Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Fumihiko Urano
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Lipid Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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26
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Szymczak F, Colli ML, Mamula MJ, Evans-Molina C, Eizirik DL. Gene expression signatures of target tissues in type 1 diabetes, lupus erythematosus, multiple sclerosis, and rheumatoid arthritis. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:7/2/eabd7600. [PMID: 33523973 PMCID: PMC7787485 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abd7600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases are typically studied with a focus on the immune system, and less attention is paid to responses of target tissues exposed to the immune assault. We presently evaluated, based on available RNA sequencing data, whether inflammation induces similar molecular signatures at the target tissues in type 1 diabetes, systemic lupus erythematosus, multiple sclerosis, and rheumatoid arthritis. We identified confluent signatures, many related to interferon signaling, indicating pathways that may be targeted for therapy, and observed a high (>80%) expression of candidate genes for the different diseases at the target tissue level. These observations suggest that future research on autoimmune diseases should focus on both the immune system and the target tissues, and on their dialog. Discovering similar disease-specific signatures may allow the identification of key pathways that could be targeted for therapy, including the repurposing of drugs already in clinical use for other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Szymczak
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Medical Faculty, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
- Interuniversity Institute of Bioinformatics in Brussels, Université Libre de Bruxelles-Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - M L Colli
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Medical Faculty, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium.
| | - M J Mamula
- Section of Rheumatology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - C Evans-Molina
- Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - D L Eizirik
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Medical Faculty, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium.
- Indiana Biosciences Research Institute (IBRI), Indianapolis, IN, USA
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Austin ALF, Daniels Gatward LF, Cnop M, Santos G, Andersson D, Sharp S, Gentry C, Bevan S, Jones PM, King AJF. The KINGS Ins2 +/G32S Mouse: A Novel Model of β-Cell Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Human Diabetes. Diabetes 2020; 69:2667-2677. [PMID: 32994272 PMCID: PMC7679781 DOI: 10.2337/db20-0570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Animal models are important tools in diabetes research because ethical and logistical constraints limit access to human tissue. β-Cell dysfunction is a common contributor to the pathogenesis of most types of diabetes. Spontaneous hyperglycemia was developed in a colony of C57BL/6J mice at King's College London (KCL). Sequencing identified a mutation in the Ins2 gene, causing a glycine-to-serine substitution at position 32 on the B chain of the preproinsulin 2 molecule. Mice with the Ins2 +/G32S mutation were named KCL Ins2 G32S (KINGS) mice. The same mutation in humans (rs80356664) causes dominantly inherited neonatal diabetes. Mice were characterized, and β-cell function was investigated. Male mice became overtly diabetic at ∼5 weeks of age, whereas female mice had only slightly elevated nonfasting glycemia. Islets showed decreased insulin content and impaired glucose-induced insulin secretion, which was more severe in males. Transmission electron microscopy and studies of gene and protein expression showed β-cell endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in both sexes. Despite this, β-cell numbers were only slightly reduced in older animals. In conclusion, the KINGS mouse is a novel model of a human form of diabetes that may be useful to study β-cell responses to ER stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amazon L F Austin
- Department of Diabetes, School of Life Course Sciences, King's College London, London, U.K
| | | | - Miriam Cnop
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
- Division of Endocrinology, ULB Erasmus Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Gabriel Santos
- Department of Diabetes, School of Life Course Sciences, King's College London, London, U.K
| | - David Andersson
- Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, U.K
| | - Sally Sharp
- Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, U.K
| | - Clive Gentry
- Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, U.K
| | - Stuart Bevan
- Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, U.K
| | - Peter M Jones
- Department of Diabetes, School of Life Course Sciences, King's College London, London, U.K
| | - Aileen J F King
- Department of Diabetes, School of Life Course Sciences, King's College London, London, U.K.
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Sharma RB, Darko C, Alonso LC. Intersection of the ATF6 and XBP1 ER stress pathways in mouse islet cells. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:14164-14177. [PMID: 32788214 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.014173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Success or failure of pancreatic beta cell adaptation to ER stress is a determinant of diabetes susceptibility. The ATF6 and IRE1/XBP1 pathways are separate ER stress-response effectors important to beta cell health and function. ATF6α. and XBP1 direct overlapping transcriptional responses in some cell types. However, the signaling dynamics and interdependence of ATF6α and XBP1 in pancreatic beta cells have not been explored. To assess pathway-specific signal onset, we performed timed exposures of primary mouse islet cells to ER stressors and measured the early transcriptional response. Comparing the time course of induction of ATF6 and XBP1 targets suggested that the two pathways have similar response dynamics. The role of ATF6α in target induction was assessed by acute knockdown using islet cells from Atf6α flox/flox mice transduced with adenovirus expressing Cre recombinase. Surprisingly, given the mild impact of chronic deletion in mice, acute ATF6α knockdown markedly reduced ATF6-pathway target gene expression under both basal and stressed conditions. Intriguingly, although ATF6α knockdown did not alter Xbp1 splicing dynamics or intensity, it did reduce induction of XBP1 targets. Inhibition of Xbp1 splicing did not decrease induction of ATF6α targets. Taken together, these data suggest that the XBP1 and ATF6 pathways are simultaneously activated in islet cells in response to acute stress and that ATF6α is required for full activation of XBP1 targets, but XBP1 is not required for activation of ATF6α targets. These observations improve understanding of the ER stress transcriptional response in pancreatic islets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit B Sharma
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA .,Weill Center for Metabolic Health, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Christine Darko
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA.,Weill Center for Metabolic Health, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Laura C Alonso
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA .,Weill Center for Metabolic Health, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
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Sphingolipids in Type 1 Diabetes: Focus on Beta-Cells. Cells 2020; 9:cells9081835. [PMID: 32759843 PMCID: PMC7465050 DOI: 10.3390/cells9081835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1DM) is a chronic autoimmune disease, with a strong genetic background, leading to a gradual loss of pancreatic beta-cells, which secrete insulin and control glucose homeostasis. Patients with T1DM require life-long substitution with insulin and are at high risk for development of severe secondary complications. The incidence of T1DM has been continuously growing in the last decades, indicating an important contribution of environmental factors. Accumulating data indicates that sphingolipids may be crucially involved in T1DM development. The serum lipidome of T1DM patients is characterized by significantly altered sphingolipid composition compared to nondiabetic, healthy probands. Recently, several polymorphisms in the genes encoding the enzymatic machinery for sphingolipid production have been identified in T1DM individuals. Evidence gained from studies in rodent islets and beta-cells exposed to cytokines indicates dysregulation of the sphingolipid biosynthetic pathway and impaired function of several sphingolipids. Moreover, a number of glycosphingolipids have been suggested to act as beta-cell autoantigens. Studies in animal models of autoimmune diabetes, such as the Non Obese Diabetic (NOD) mouse and the LEW.1AR1-iddm (IDDM) rat, indicate a crucial role of sphingolipids in immune cell trafficking, islet infiltration and diabetes development. In this review, the up-to-date status on the findings about sphingolipids in T1DM will be provided, the under-investigated research areas will be identified and perspectives for future studies will be given.
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Bax and Bak jointly control survival and dampen the early unfolded protein response in pancreatic β-cells under glucolipotoxic stress. Sci Rep 2020; 10:10986. [PMID: 32620813 PMCID: PMC7335194 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-67755-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
ER stress and apoptosis contribute to the loss of pancreatic β-cells under pro-diabetic conditions of glucolipotoxicity. Although activation of canonical intrinsic apoptosis is known to require pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 family proteins Bax and Bak, their individual and combined involvement in glucolipotoxic β-cell death are not known. It has also remained an open question if Bax and Bak in β-cells have non-apoptotic roles in mitochondrial function and ER stress signaling, as suggested in other cell types. Using mice with individual or combined β-cell deletion of Bax and Bak, we demonstrated that glucolipotoxic β-cell death in vitro occurs by both non-apoptotic and apoptotic mechanisms, and the apoptosis could be triggered by either Bax or Bak alone. In contrast, they had non-redundant roles in mediating staurosporine-induced apoptosis. We further established that Bax and Bak do not affect normal glucose-stimulated β-cell Ca2+ responses, insulin secretion, or in vivo glucose tolerance. Finally, our experiments revealed that combined deletion of Bax and Bak amplified the unfolded protein response in islets during the early stages of chemical- or glucolipotoxicity-induced ER stress. These findings shed new light on roles of the core apoptosis machinery in β-cell survival and stress signals of importance for the pathobiology of diabetes.
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Rajakumar S, Vijayakumar R, Abhishek A, Selvam GS, Nachiappan V. Loss of ERAD bridging factor UBX2 modulates lipid metabolism and leads to ER stress-associated apoptosis during cadmium toxicity in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Curr Genet 2020; 66:1003-1017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00294-020-01090-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Abstract
Background A growing body of literature suggests the cell–intrinsic activity of Atf6α during ER stress responses has implications for tissue cell number during growth and development, as well as in adult biology and tumorigenesis [1]. This concept is important, linking the cellular processes of secretory protein synthesis and endoplasmic reticulum stress response with functional tissue capacity and organ size. However, the field contains conflicting observations, especially notable in secretory cell types like the pancreatic beta cell. Scope of review Here we summarize current knowledge of the basic biology of Atf6α, along with the pleiotropic roles Atf6α plays in cell life and death decisions and possible explanations for conflicting observations. We include studies investigating the roles of Atf6α in cell survival, death and proliferation using well-controlled methodology and specific validated outcome measures, with a focus on endocrine and metabolic tissues when information was available. Major conclusions The net outcome of Atf6α on cell survival and cell death depends on cell type and growth conditions, the presence and degree of ER stress, and the duration and intensity of Atf6α activation. It is unquestioned that Atf6α activity influences the cell fate decision between survival and death, although opposite directions of this outcome are reported in different contexts. Atf6α can also trigger cell cycle activity to expand tissue cell number through proliferation. Much work remains to be done to clarify the many gaps in understanding in this important emerging field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit B Sharma
- Diabetes Center of Excellence, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Jarin T Snyder
- Diabetes Center of Excellence, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Laura C Alonso
- Diabetes Center of Excellence, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.
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Abreu D, Asada R, Revilla JMP, Lavagnino Z, Kries K, Piston DW, Urano F. Wolfram syndrome 1 gene regulates pathways maintaining beta-cell health and survival. J Transl Med 2020; 100:849-862. [PMID: 32060407 PMCID: PMC7286786 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-020-0408-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Wolfram Syndrome 1 (WFS1) protein is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) factor whose deficiency results in juvenile-onset diabetes secondary to cellular dysfunction and apoptosis. The mechanisms guiding β-cell outcomes secondary to WFS1 function, however, remain unclear. Here, we show that WFS1 preserves normal β-cell physiology by promoting insulin biosynthesis and negatively regulating ER stress. Depletion of Wfs1 in vivo and in vitro causes functional defects in glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and insulin content, triggering Chop-mediated apoptotic pathways. Genetic proof of concept studies coupled with RNA-seq reveal that increasing WFS1 confers a functional and a survival advantage to β-cells under ER stress by increasing insulin gene expression and downregulating the Chop-Trib3 axis, thereby activating Akt pathways. Remarkably, WFS1 and INS levels are reduced in type-2 diabetic (T2DM) islets, suggesting that WFS1 may contribute to T2DM β-cell pathology. Taken together, this work reveals essential pathways regulated by WFS1 to control β-cell survival and function primarily through preservation of ER homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien Abreu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Lipid Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA,Medical Scientist Training Program, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, U.S.A
| | - Rie Asada
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Lipid Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA,Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biomedical & Health Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - John M. P. Revilla
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Lipid Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Zeno Lavagnino
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA,Experimental Imaging Center DIBIT, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Kelly Kries
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Lipid Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - David W. Piston
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Fumihiko Urano
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Lipid Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA. .,Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
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An integrated multi-omics approach identifies the landscape of interferon-α-mediated responses of human pancreatic beta cells. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2584. [PMID: 32444635 PMCID: PMC7244579 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-16327-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Interferon-α (IFNα), a type I interferon, is expressed in the islets of type 1 diabetic individuals, and its expression and signaling are regulated by T1D genetic risk variants and viral infections associated with T1D. We presently characterize human beta cell responses to IFNα by combining ATAC-seq, RNA-seq and proteomics assays. The initial response to IFNα is characterized by chromatin remodeling, followed by changes in transcriptional and translational regulation. IFNα induces changes in alternative splicing (AS) and first exon usage, increasing the diversity of transcripts expressed by the beta cells. This, combined with changes observed on protein modification/degradation, ER stress and MHC class I, may expand antigens presented by beta cells to the immune system. Beta cells also up-regulate the checkpoint proteins PDL1 and HLA-E that may exert a protective role against the autoimmune assault. Data mining of the present multi-omics analysis identifies two compound classes that antagonize IFNα effects on human beta cells. The cytokine IFNα is expressed in the islets of individuals with type 1 diabetes and contributes to local inflammation and destruction of beta cells. Here, the authors provide a global multiomics view of IFNα-induced changes in human beta cells at the level of chromatin, mRNA and protein expression.
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Glembotski CC, Arrieta A, Blackwood EA, Stauffer WT. ATF6 as a Nodal Regulator of Proteostasis in the Heart. Front Physiol 2020; 11:267. [PMID: 32322217 PMCID: PMC7156617 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteostasis encompasses a homeostatic cellular network in all cells that maintains the integrity of the proteome, which is critical for optimal cellular function. The components of the proteostasis network include protein synthesis, folding, trafficking, and degradation. Cardiac myocytes have a specialized endoplasmic reticulum (ER) called the sarcoplasmic reticulum that is well known for its role in contractile calcium handling. However, less studied is the proteostasis network associated with the ER, which is of particular importance in cardiac myocytes because it ensures the integrity of proteins that are critical for cardiac contraction, e.g., ion channels, as well as proteins necessary for maintaining myocyte viability and interaction with other cell types, e.g., secreted hormones and growth factors. A major aspect of the ER proteostasis network is the ER unfolded protein response (UPR), which is initiated when misfolded proteins in the ER activate a group of three ER transmembrane proteins, one of which is the transcription factor, ATF6. Prior to studies in the heart, ATF6 had been shown in model cell lines to be primarily adaptive, exerting protective effects by inducing genes that encode ER proteins that fortify protein-folding in this organelle, thus establishing the canonical role for ATF6. Subsequent studies in isolated cardiac myocytes and in the myocardium, in vivo, have expanded roles for ATF6 beyond the canonical functions to include the induction of genes that encode proteins outside of the ER that do not have known functions that are obviously related to ER protein-folding. The identification of such non-canonical roles for ATF6, as well as findings that the gene programs induced by ATF6 differ depending on the stimulus, have piqued interest in further research on ATF6 as an adaptive effector in cardiac myocytes, underscoring the therapeutic potential of activating ATF6 in the heart. Moreover, discoveries of small molecule activators of ATF6 that adaptively affect the heart, as well as other organs, in vivo, have expanded the potential for development of ATF6-based therapeutics. This review focuses on the ATF6 arm of the ER UPR and its effects on the proteostasis network in the myocardium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher C Glembotski
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences, San Diego State University Heart Institute, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Adrian Arrieta
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences, San Diego State University Heart Institute, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Erik A Blackwood
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences, San Diego State University Heart Institute, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Winston T Stauffer
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences, San Diego State University Heart Institute, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, United States
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Kim JS, Hwang SI, Ryu JL, Hong HS, Lee JM, Lee SM, Jin X, Han C, Kim JH, Han J, Lee MR, Woo DH. ER stress reliever enhances functionalities of in vitro cultured hepatocytes. Stem Cell Res 2020; 43:101732. [DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2020.101732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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Piganelli JD, Mamula MJ, James EA. The Role of β Cell Stress and Neo-Epitopes in the Immunopathology of Type 1 Diabetes. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:624590. [PMID: 33679609 PMCID: PMC7930070 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.624590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to their secretory function, β cells are predisposed to higher levels of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and greater sensitivity to inflammation than other cell types. These stresses elicit changes in β cells that alter their function and immunogenicity, including defective ribosomal initiation, post-translational modifications (PTMs) of endogenous β cell proteins, and alternative splicing. Multiple published reports confirm the presence of not only CD8+ T cells, but also autoreactive CD4+ T cells within pancreatic islets. Although the specificities of T cells that infiltrate human islets are incompletely characterized, they have been confirmed to include neo-epitopes that are formed through stress-related enzymatic modifications of β cell proteins. This article summarizes emerging knowledge about stress-induced changes in β cells and data supporting a role for neo-antigen formation and cross-talk between immune cells and β cells that provokes autoimmune attack - leading to a breakdown in tissue-specific tolerance in subjects who develop type 1 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon D. Piganelli
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Mark J. Mamula
- Section of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Eddie A. James
- Translational Research Program, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, WA, United States
- *Correspondence: Eddie A. James,
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William James A, Ravi C, Srinivasan M, Nachiappan V. Crosstalk between protein N-glycosylation and lipid metabolism in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Sci Rep 2019; 9:14485. [PMID: 31597940 PMCID: PMC6785544 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-51054-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a multi functional organelle and plays a crucial role in protein folding and lipid biosynthesis. The SEC59 gene encodes dolichol kinase, required for protein glycosylation in the ER. The mutation of sec59-1 caused a protein N-glycosylation defect mediated ER stress resulting in increased levels of phospholipid, neutral lipid and sterol, whereas growth was reduced. In the sec59-1∆ cell, the N-glycosylation of vacuolar carboxy peptidase-Y (CPY) was significantly reduced; whereas the ER stress marker Kar2p and unfolded protein response (UPR) were significantly increased. Increased levels of Triacylglycerol (TAG), sterol ester (SE), and lipid droplets (LD) could be attributed to up-regulation of DPP1, LRO1, and ARE2 in the sec 59-1∆ cell. Also, the diacylglycerol (DAG), sterol (STE), and free fatty acids (FFA) levels were significantly increased, whereas the genes involved in peroxisome biogenesis and Pex3-EGFP levels were reduced when compared to the wild-type. The microarray data also revealed increased expression of genes involved in phospholipid, TAG, fatty acid, sterol synthesis, and phospholipid transport resulting in dysregulation of lipid homeostasis in the sec59-1∆ cell. We conclude that SEC59 dependent N-glycosylation is required for lipid homeostasis, peroxisome biogenesis, and ER protein quality control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonisamy William James
- Biomembrane Lab, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, 620 024, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Chidambaram Ravi
- Biomembrane Lab, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, 620 024, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Malathi Srinivasan
- Department of Lipid Science, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute (CSIR-CFTRI), Mysore, 570020, India
| | - Vasanthi Nachiappan
- Biomembrane Lab, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, 620 024, Tamilnadu, India.
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Stroberg W, Eilertsen J, Schnell S. Information processing by endoplasmic reticulum stress sensors. J R Soc Interface 2019; 16:20190288. [PMID: 31506041 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2019.0288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The unfolded protein response (UPR) is a collection of cellular feedback mechanisms that seek to maintain protein folding homeostasis in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). When the ER is 'stressed', through either high protein folding demand or undersupply of chaperones and foldases, stress sensing proteins in the ER membrane initiate the UPR. Recently, experiments have indicated that these signalling molecules detect stress by being both sequestered by free chaperones and activated by free unfolded proteins. However, it remains unclear what advantage this bidirectional sensor control offers stressed cells. Here, we show that combining positive regulation of sensor activity by unfolded proteins with negative regulation by chaperones allows the sensor to make a more informative measurement of ER stress. The increase in the information capacity of the combined sensing mechanism stems from stretching of the active range of the sensor, at the cost of increased uncertainty due to the integration of multiple signals. These results provide a possible rationale for the evolution of the observed stress-sensing mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wylie Stroberg
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Justin Eilertsen
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Santiago Schnell
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Grieco FA, Schiavo AA, Brozzi F, Juan-Mateu J, Bugliani M, Marchetti P, Eizirik DL. The miRNAs miR-211-5p and miR-204-5p modulate ER stress in human beta cells. J Mol Endocrinol 2019; 63:139-149. [PMID: 31277072 PMCID: PMC6938585 DOI: 10.1530/jme-19-0066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
miRNAs are a class of small non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression. Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease characterized by insulitis (islets inflammation) and pancreatic beta cell destruction. The pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin 1 beta (IL1B) and interferon gamma (IFNG) are released during insulitis and trigger endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and expression of pro-apoptotic members of the BCL2 protein family in beta cells, thus contributing to their death. The nature of miRNAs that regulate ER stress and beta cell apoptosis remains to be elucidated. We have performed a global miRNA expression profile on cytokine-treated human islets and observed a marked downregulation of miR-211-5p. By real-time PCR and Western blot analysis, we confirmed cytokine-induced changes in the expression of miR-211-5p and the closely related miR-204-5p and downstream ER stress related genes in human beta cells. Blocking of endogenous miRNA-211-5p and miR-204-5p by the same inhibitor (it is not possible to block separately these two miRs) increased human beta cell apoptosis, as measured by Hoechst/propidium Iodide staining and by determination of cleaved caspase-3 activation. Interestingly, miRs-211-5p and 204-5p regulate the expression of several ER stress markers downstream of PERK, particularly the pro-apoptotic protein DDIT3 (also known as CHOP). Blocking CHOP expression by a specific siRNA partially prevented the increased apoptosis observed following miR-211-5p/miR-204-5p inhibition. These observations identify a novel crosstalk between miRNAs, ER stress and beta cell apoptosis in early type 1 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Arturo Grieco
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Andrea Alex Schiavo
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Flora Brozzi
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jonas Juan-Mateu
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Marco Bugliani
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Islet Cell Laboratory, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Piero Marchetti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Islet Cell Laboratory, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Décio L. Eizirik
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
- Corresponding author: Dr. Décio L. Eizirik, ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium, 808 Route de Lennik, 1070 Brussels, Belgium, Phone: +32 2 555 6242, Fax: +32 2 555 6239,
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Nakayasu ES, Qian WJ, Evans-Molina C, Mirmira RG, Eizirik DL, Metz TO. The role of proteomics in assessing beta-cell dysfunction and death in type 1 diabetes. Expert Rev Proteomics 2019; 16:569-582. [PMID: 31232620 PMCID: PMC6628911 DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2019.1634548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is characterized by autoimmune-induced dysfunction and destruction of the pancreatic beta cells. Unfortunately, this process is poorly understood, and the current best treatment for type 1 diabetes is the administration of exogenous insulin. To better understand these mechanisms and to develop new therapies, there is an urgent need for biomarkers that can reliably predict disease stage. Areas covered: Mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomics and complementary techniques play an important role in understanding the autoimmune response, inflammation and beta-cell death. MS is also a leading technology for the identification of biomarkers. This, and the technical difficulties and new technologies that provide opportunities to characterize small amounts of sample in great depth and to analyze large sample cohorts will be discussed in this review. Expert opinion: Understanding disease mechanisms and the discovery of disease-associated biomarkers are highly interconnected goals. Ideal biomarkers would be molecules specific to the different stages of the disease process that are released from beta cells to the bloodstream. However, such molecules are likely to be present in trace amounts in the blood due to the small number of pancreatic beta cells in the human body and the heterogeneity of the target organ and disease process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernesto S. Nakayasu
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Wei-Jun Qian
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Carmella Evans-Molina
- Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Raghavendra G. Mirmira
- Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Decio L. Eizirik
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Medical Faculty, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Thomas O. Metz
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
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When Small Molecules Are Like Real Estate: It's All about Location, Location, Location. Cell Chem Biol 2019; 25:1169-1170. [PMID: 30339956 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2018.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In this issue of Cell Chemical Biology, Park et al. (2018) demonstrate that targeting apoptazole, an Hsp70 inhibitor, to mitochondria induces apoptosis by a distinct mechanism of action different from unmodified apoptazole, which accumulates in the lysosome. These results highlight the power of subcellular localization in small-molecule selectivity.
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Gerst F, Wagner R, Oquendo MB, Siegel-Axel D, Fritsche A, Heni M, Staiger H, Häring HU, Ullrich S. What role do fat cells play in pancreatic tissue? Mol Metab 2019; 25:1-10. [PMID: 31113756 PMCID: PMC6600604 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2019.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background It is now generally accepted that obesity is a major risk factor for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Hepatic steatosis in particular, as well as visceral and ectopic fat accumulation within tissues, is associated with the development of the disease. We recently presented the first study on isolated human pancreatic adipocytes and their interaction with islets [Gerst, F., Wagner, R., Kaiser, G., Panse, M., Heni, M., Machann, J., et al., 2017. Metabolic crosstalk between fatty pancreas and fatty liver: effects on local inflammation and insulin secretion. Diabetologia 60(11):2240–2251.]. The results indicate that the function of adipocytes depends on the overall metabolic status in humans which, in turn, differentially affects islet hormone release. Scope of Review This review summarizes former and recent studies on factors derived from adipocytes and their effects on insulin-secreting β-cells, with particular emphasis on the human pancreas. The adipocyte secretome is discussed with a special focus on its influence on insulin secretion, β-cell survival and apoptotic β-cell death. Major Conclusions Human pancreatic adipocytes store lipids and release adipokines, metabolites, and pro-inflammatory molecules in response to the overall metabolic, humoral, and neuronal status. The differentially regulated adipocyte secretome impacts on endocrine function, i.e., insulin secretion, β-cell survival and death which interferes with glycemic control. This review attempts to explain why the extent of pancreatic steatosis is associated with reduced insulin secretion in some studies but not in others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felicia Gerst
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Tübingen, Germany; Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases, Helmholtz Center Munich, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Robert Wagner
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Tübingen, Germany; Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases, Helmholtz Center Munich, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine IV, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, and Nephrology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Morgana Barroso Oquendo
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Tübingen, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine IV, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, and Nephrology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Dorothea Siegel-Axel
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Tübingen, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine IV, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, and Nephrology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andreas Fritsche
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Tübingen, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine IV, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, and Nephrology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Martin Heni
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Tübingen, Germany; Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases, Helmholtz Center Munich, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine IV, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, and Nephrology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Harald Staiger
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Tübingen, Germany; Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases, Helmholtz Center Munich, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Hans-Ulrich Häring
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Tübingen, Germany; Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases, Helmholtz Center Munich, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine IV, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, and Nephrology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Susanne Ullrich
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Tübingen, Germany; Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases, Helmholtz Center Munich, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
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Vig S, Buitinga M, Rondas D, Crèvecoeur I, van Zandvoort M, Waelkens E, Eizirik DL, Gysemans C, Baatsen P, Mathieu C, Overbergh L. Cytokine-induced translocation of GRP78 to the plasma membrane triggers a pro-apoptotic feedback loop in pancreatic beta cells. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:309. [PMID: 30952835 PMCID: PMC6450900 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1518-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The 78-kDa glucose-regulated protein (GRP78) is an ubiquitously expressed endoplasmic reticulum chaperone, with a central role in maintaining protein homeostasis. Recently, an alternative role for GRP78 under stress conditions has been proposed, with stress-induced extracellular secretion and translocation of GRP78 to the cell surface where it acts as a multifunctional signaling receptor. Here we demonstrate translocation of GRP78 to the surface of human EndoC-βH1 cells and primary human islets upon cytokine exposure, in analogy to observations in rodent INS-1E and MIN6 beta cell lines. We show that GRP78 is shuttled via the anterograde secretory pathway, through the Golgi complex and secretory granules, and identify the DNAJ homolog subfamily C member 3 (DNAJC3) as a GRP78-interacting protein that facilitates its membrane translocation. Evaluation of downstream signaling pathways, using N- and C-terminal anti-GRP78 blocking antibodies, demonstrates that both GRP78 signaling domains initiate pro-apoptotic signaling cascades in beta cells. Extracellular GRP78 itself is identified as a ligand for cell surface GRP78 (sGRP78), increasing caspase 3/7 activity and cell death upon binding, which is accompanied by enhanced Chop and Bax mRNA expression. These results suggest that inflammatory cytokines induce a self-destructive pro-apoptotic feedback loop through the secretion and membrane translocation of GRP78. This proapoptotic function distinguishes the role of sGRP78 in beta cells from its reported anti-apoptotic and proliferative role in cancer cells, opening the road for the use of compounds that block sGRP78 as potential beta cell-preserving therapies in type 1 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurabh Vig
- Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mijke Buitinga
- Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dieter Rondas
- Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Inne Crèvecoeur
- Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marc van Zandvoort
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism NUTRIM, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Etienne Waelkens
- Laboratory of Protein Phosphorylation and Proteomics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,SyBioMa, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Decio L Eizirik
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Conny Gysemans
- Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Pieter Baatsen
- Electron Microscopy Platform of VIB Bio Imaging Core at KU Leuven and VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Chantal Mathieu
- Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lut Overbergh
- Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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Stone S, Abreu D, Mahadevan J, Asada R, Kries K, Graf R, Marshall BA, Hershey T, Urano F. Pancreatic stone protein/regenerating protein is a potential biomarker for endoplasmic reticulum stress in beta cells. Sci Rep 2019; 9:5199. [PMID: 30914711 PMCID: PMC6435683 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-41604-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in beta cells is an important pathogenic component of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus, as well as genetic forms of diabetes, especially Wolfram syndrome. However, there are currently no convenient ways to assess ER stress in beta cells, raising the need for circulating ER stress markers indicative of beta cell health. Here we show that pancreatic stone protein/regenerating protein (PSP/reg) is a potential biomarker for ER stressed beta cells. PSP/reg levels are elevated in cell culture and mouse models of Wolfram syndrome, a prototype of ER stress-induced diabetes. Moreover, PSP/reg expression is induced by the canonical chemical inducers of ER stress, tunicamycin and thapsigargin. Circulating PSP/reg levels are also increased in some patients with Wolfram syndrome. Our results therefore reveal PSP/reg as a potential biomarker for beta cells under chronic ER stress, as is the case in Wolfram syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Stone
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Damien Abreu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Lipid Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- Division of Biology & Biomedical Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Jana Mahadevan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Lipid Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- MilliporeSigma (SAFC), St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Rie Asada
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Lipid Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biomedical & Health Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
| | - Kelly Kries
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Lipid Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Rolf Graf
- Department of Visceral & Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Bess A Marshall
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Tamara Hershey
- Departments of Psychiatry, Neurology, and Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Fumihiko Urano
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Lipid Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America.
- Deparment of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America.
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Mateus Gonçalves L, Vettorazzi JF, Vanzela EC, Figueiredo MS, Batista TM, Zoppi CC, Boschero AC, Carneiro EM. Amino acid restriction increases β-cell death under challenging conditions. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:16679-16684. [PMID: 30815898 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Malnutrition programs metabolism, favor dysfunction of β cells. We aimed to establish an in vitro protocol of malnutrition, assessing the effect of amino acid restriction upon the β cells. Insulin-producing cells INS-1E and pancreatic islets were maintained in RPMI 1640 medium containing 1× (Ctl) or 0.25× (AaR) of amino acids. We evaluated several markers of β-cell function and viability. AaR Insulin secretion was reduced, whereas cell viability was unaltered. Calcium oscillations in response to glucose increased in AaR. AaR showed lower Ins1 RNAm, snap 25, and PKC (protein kinase C) protein content, whereas phospho-eIF2α was increased. AaR cells exposed to nutrient or chemical challenges displayed higher apoptosis rates. We showed that amino acid restriction programmed β cell and induced functional changes. This model might be useful for the study of molecular mechanisms involved with β-cell programming helping to establish novel therapeutic targets to prevent harmful outcomes of malnutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Mateus Gonçalves
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center (OCRC), Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jean Franciesco Vettorazzi
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center (OCRC), Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Emerielle Cristine Vanzela
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center (OCRC), Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mariana Sarto Figueiredo
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center (OCRC), Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thiago Martins Batista
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center (OCRC), Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Claudio Cesar Zoppi
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center (OCRC), Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Antonio Carlos Boschero
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center (OCRC), Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Everardo Magalhães Carneiro
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center (OCRC), Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
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47
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Bugliani M, Mossuto S, Grano F, Suleiman M, Marselli L, Boggi U, De Simone P, Eizirik DL, Cnop M, Marchetti P, De Tata V. Modulation of Autophagy Influences the Function and Survival of Human Pancreatic Beta Cells Under Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Conditions and in Type 2 Diabetes. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:52. [PMID: 30863363 PMCID: PMC6399112 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is the major mechanism involved in degradation and recycling of intracellular components, and its alterations have been proposed to cause beta cell dysfunction. In this study, we explored the effects of autophagy modulation in human islets under conditions associated to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Human pancreatic islets were isolated by enzymatic digestion and density gradient purification from pancreatic samples of non-diabetic (ND; n = 17; age 65 ± 21 years; gender: 5 M/12 F; BMI 23.4 ± 3.3 kg/m2) and T2D (n = 9; age 76 ± 6 years; 4 M/5 F; gender: BMI 25.4 ± 3.7 kg/m2) organ donors. Nine ND organ donors were treated for hypertension and 1 for both hypertension and hypercholesterolemia. T2D organ donors were treated with metformin (1), oral hypoglycemic agents (2), diet + oral hypoglycemic agents (3), insulin (3) or insulin plus metformin (3) as for antidiabetic therapy and, of these, 3 were treated also for hypertension and 6 for both hypertension and hypercholesterolemia. Two days after isolation, they were cultured for 1-5 days with 10 ng/ml rapamycin (autophagy inducer), 5 mM 3-methyladenine or 1.0 nM concanamycin-A (autophagy blockers), either in the presence or not of metabolic (0.5 mM palmitate) or chemical (0.1 ng/ml brefeldin A) ER stressors. In ND islets palmitate exposure induced a 4 to 5-fold increase of beta cell apoptosis, which was significantly prevented by rapamycin and exacerbated by 3-MA. Similar results were observed with brefeldin treatment. Glucose-stimulated insulin secretion from ND islets was reduced by palmitate (-40 to 50%) and brefeldin (-60 to 70%), and rapamycin counteracted palmitate, but not brefeldin, cytotoxic actions. Both palmitate and brefeldin induced PERK, CHOP and BiP gene expression, which was partially, but significantly prevented by rapamycin. With T2D islets, rapamycin alone reduced the amount of p62, an autophagy receptor that accumulates in cells when macroautophagy is inhibited. Compared to untreated T2D cells, rapamycin-exposed diabetic islets showed improved insulin secretion, reduced proportion of beta cells showing signs of apoptosis and better preserved insulin granules, mitochondria and ER ultrastructure; this was associated with significant reduction of PERK, CHOP and BiP gene expression. This study emphasizes the importance of autophagy modulation in human beta cell function and survival, particularly in situations of ER stress. Tuning autophagy could be a tool for beta cell protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Bugliani
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - S. Mossuto
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - F. Grano
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - M. Suleiman
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - L. Marselli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - U. Boggi
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Medicine, Molecular and Critical Area, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - P. De Simone
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - D. L. Eizirik
- Medical Faculty, ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - M. Cnop
- Medical Faculty, ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - P. Marchetti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - V. De Tata
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- *Correspondence: V. De Tata
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Danilova T, Belevich I, Li H, Palm E, Jokitalo E, Otonkoski T, Lindahl M. MANF Is Required for the Postnatal Expansion and Maintenance of Pancreatic β-Cell Mass in Mice. Diabetes 2019; 68:66-80. [PMID: 30305368 DOI: 10.2337/db17-1149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Global lack of mesencephalic astrocyte-derived neurotropic factor (MANF) leads to progressive postnatal loss of β-cell mass and insulin-dependent diabetes in mice. Similar to Manf-/- mice, embryonic ablation of MANF specifically from the pancreas results in diabetes. In this study, we assessed the importance of MANF for the postnatal expansion of pancreatic β-cell mass and for adult β-cell maintenance in mice. Detailed analysis of Pdx-1Cre+/- ::Manffl/fl mice revealed mosaic MANF expression in postnatal pancreata and a significant correlation between the number of MANF-positive β-cells and β-cell mass in individual mice. In vitro, recombinant MANF induced β-cell proliferation in islets from aged mice and protected from hyperglycemia-induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Consequently, excision of MANF from β-cells of adult MIP-1CreERT::Manffl/fl mice resulted in reduced β-cell mass and diabetes caused largely by β-cell ER stress and apoptosis, possibly accompanied by β-cell dedifferentiation and reduced rates of β-cell proliferation. Thus, MANF expression in adult mouse β-cells is needed for their maintenance in vivo. We also revealed a mechanistic link between ER stress and inflammatory signaling pathways leading to β-cell death in the absence of MANF. Hence, MANF might be a potential target for regenerative therapy in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Danilova
- Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ilya Belevich
- Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Huini Li
- Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Erik Palm
- Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eija Jokitalo
- Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Timo Otonkoski
- Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, Biomedicum Stem Cell Center, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Children's Hospital, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Maria Lindahl
- Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Nuti F, Gallo A, Real-Fernandez F, Crulli M, Rentier C, Piarulli F, Peroni E, Rossi G, Traldi P, Rovero P, Lapolla A, Papini AM. Antibodies to post-translationally modified mitochondrial peptide PDC-E2(167-184) in type 1 diabetes. Arch Biochem Biophys 2018; 659:66-74. [PMID: 30266625 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2018.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitochondria play a role in type 1 diabetes (T1D) particularly in the treatment and prevention of disorder consequences. Due to their demonstrated role in diabetes pathology, mitochondrial proteins can be an interesting starting point to study candidate antigens in T1D. We investigated the role of relevant post-translational modifications (PTM) on a synthetic mitochondrial peptide as putative antigen. METHODS The antibody response in T1D was evaluated by solid phase-ELISA using a collection of synthetic peptides bearing different PTMs. We investigated the role of lipoylation, phosphorylation, and glycosylation. The PTMs were introduced at position 173 of the mitochondrial pyruvate dehydrogenase E2 complex peptide PDC-E2(167-184) and at position 7 of a structure-based designed β-turn peptide as an irrelevant sequence to investigate the role of the specific PDC-E2 peptide sequence. RESULTS IgM titres in 31 T1D patients were higher than IgGs to all the synthetic PTM peptides. Results demonstrated the crucial role of lysine lipoamide, serine O-phosphorylation, and O-glycosylation into the PDC-E2(167-184) peptide sequence for IgM antibody recognition. CONCLUSIONS Results highlight the importance of immune dysregulation in T1D, furthermore, if confirmed in a large number of patients, they will contribute to add novel diagnostic markers for the understanding the physiopathology of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Nuti
- Laboratory of Peptide and Protein Chemistry and Biology, Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 13, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Alessandra Gallo
- Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Diabetology and Dietetics, ULSS 6 Euganea, Via dei Colli, 35143, Padova, Italy
| | - Feliciana Real-Fernandez
- Laboratory of Peptide and Protein Chemistry and Biology, Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 13, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; Laboratory of Peptide and Protein Chemistry and Biology, Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health - Section of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Nutraceutics, University of Florence, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Martina Crulli
- Laboratory of Peptide and Protein Chemistry and Biology, Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 13, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Cedric Rentier
- Laboratory of Peptide and Protein Chemistry and Biology, Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 13, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; Platform of Peptide and Protein Chemistry and Biology - PeptLab@UCP and Laboratory of Chemical Biology EA4505, Université Paris-Seine, 5 Mail Gay-Lussac, 95031, Cergy-Pontoise CEDEX, France
| | - Francesco Piarulli
- Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Diabetology and Dietetics, ULSS 6 Euganea, Via dei Colli, 35143, Padova, Italy
| | - Elisa Peroni
- Platform of Peptide and Protein Chemistry and Biology - PeptLab@UCP and Laboratory of Chemical Biology EA4505, Université Paris-Seine, 5 Mail Gay-Lussac, 95031, Cergy-Pontoise CEDEX, France
| | - Giada Rossi
- Laboratory of Peptide and Protein Chemistry and Biology, Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health - Section of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Nutraceutics, University of Florence, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Pietro Traldi
- Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica, Città della Speranza, Via Nicolò Giustiniani, 2, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Paolo Rovero
- Laboratory of Peptide and Protein Chemistry and Biology, Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health - Section of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Nutraceutics, University of Florence, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Annunziata Lapolla
- Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Diabetology and Dietetics, ULSS 6 Euganea, Via dei Colli, 35143, Padova, Italy.
| | - Anna Maria Papini
- Laboratory of Peptide and Protein Chemistry and Biology, Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 13, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; Platform of Peptide and Protein Chemistry and Biology - PeptLab@UCP and Laboratory of Chemical Biology EA4505, Université Paris-Seine, 5 Mail Gay-Lussac, 95031, Cergy-Pontoise CEDEX, France.
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50
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Stroberg W, Aktin H, Savir Y, Schnell S. How to design an optimal sensor network for the unfolded protein response. Mol Biol Cell 2018; 29:3052-3062. [PMID: 30256705 PMCID: PMC6333173 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e18-01-0060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular protein homeostasis requires continuous monitoring of stress in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Stress-detection networks control protein homeostasis by mitigating the deleterious effects of protein accumulation, such as aggregation and misfolding, with precise modulation of chaperone production. Here, we develop a coarse model of the unfolded protein response in yeast and use multi-objective optimization to determine which sensing and activation strategies optimally balance the trade-off between unfolded protein accumulation and chaperone production. By comparing a stress-sensing mechanism that responds directly to the level of unfolded protein in the ER to a mechanism that is negatively regulated by unbound chaperones, we show that chaperone-mediated sensors are more efficient than sensors that detect unfolded proteins directly. This results from the chaperone-mediated sensor having separate thresholds for activation and deactivation. Finally, we demonstrate that a sensor responsive to both unfolded protein and unbound chaperone does not further optimize homeostatic control. Our results suggest a strategy for designing stress sensors and may explain why BiP-mitigated ER stress-sensing networks have evolved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wylie Stroberg
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5622
| | - Hadar Aktin
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Systems Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa 35254, Israel
| | - Yonatan Savir
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Systems Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa 35254, Israel
| | - Santiago Schnell
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5622.,Brehm Center for Diabetes Research, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1912
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