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Golden JW, Kwilas SA, Hooper JW. Glycoprotein-Specific Polyclonal Antibodies Targeting Machupo Virus Protect Guinea Pigs against Lethal Infection. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:674. [PMID: 38932403 PMCID: PMC11209097 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12060674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Convalescent plasma has been shown to be effective at protecting humans against severe diseases caused by New World (NW) arenaviruses, including Junin virus (JUNV) and Machupo virus (MACV). This plasma contains antibodies against the full complement of structural proteins including the nucleocapsid and envelope glycoproteins (GPcs) consisting of GP1 and GP2. To gain insights into the protective and cross-protective properties of anti-GPc-specific polyclonal antibodies, we evaluated the ability of a DNA vaccine-produced anti-GPc rabbit antisera targeting MACV strain Carvallo to provide heterologous protection against another MACV strain termed Chicava in the Hartley guinea pig model. The neutralizing activity of the rabbit antisera against the heterologous MACV strains Chicava and Mallale was found to be 54-fold and 23-fold lower, respectively, compared to the titer against the homologous MACV strain Carvallo in the PRNT50 assay. Despite lower neutralizing activity against the strain Chicava, the rabbit antisera protected 100% of the guinea pigs from this strain when administered up to four days post-infection, whereas all the control animals succumbed to the disease. Using vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) particles pseudotyped with MACV GPc, we identified a single amino acid difference at position 122 between the strains Chicava and Carvallo GPc that significantly influenced the neutralization activity of the rabbit antisera. These findings indicate that polyclonal antibodies targeting the MACV glycoproteins can protect against lethal infection in a post-challenge setting. These data will help guide future antibody-based therapeutics development against NW arenaviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jay W. Hooper
- Department of Molecular Virology, Virology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD 21702, USA; (J.W.G.); (S.A.K.)
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2
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Alatrash R, Herrera BB. The Adaptive Immune Response against Bunyavirales. Viruses 2024; 16:483. [PMID: 38543848 PMCID: PMC10974645 DOI: 10.3390/v16030483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The Bunyavirales order includes at least fourteen families with diverse but related viruses, which are transmitted to vertebrate hosts by arthropod or rodent vectors. These viruses are responsible for an increasing number of outbreaks worldwide and represent a threat to public health. Infection in humans can be asymptomatic, or it may present with a range of conditions from a mild, febrile illness to severe hemorrhagic syndromes and/or neurological complications. There is a need to develop safe and effective vaccines, a process requiring better understanding of the adaptive immune responses involved during infection. This review highlights the most recent findings regarding T cell and antibody responses to the five Bunyavirales families with known human pathogens (Peribunyaviridae, Phenuiviridae, Hantaviridae, Nairoviridae, and Arenaviridae). Future studies that define and characterize mechanistic correlates of protection against Bunyavirales infections or disease will help inform the development of effective vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reem Alatrash
- Rutgers Global Health Institute, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Infectious Diseases and Child Health Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Bobby Brooke Herrera
- Rutgers Global Health Institute, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Infectious Diseases and Child Health Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
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3
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Hartman AL, Myler PJ. Bunyavirales: Scientific Gaps and Prototype Pathogens for a Large and Diverse Group of Zoonotic Viruses. J Infect Dis 2023; 228:S376-S389. [PMID: 37849397 PMCID: PMC10582323 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiac338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Research directed at select prototype pathogens is part of the approach put forth by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease (NIAID) to prepare for future pandemics caused by emerging viruses. We were tasked with identifying suitable prototypes for four virus families of the Bunyavirales order (Phenuiviridae, Peribunyaviridae, Nairoviridae, and Hantaviridae). This is a challenge due to the breadth and diversity of these viral groups. While there are many differences among the Bunyavirales, they generally have complex ecological life cycles, segmented genomes, and cause a range of human clinical outcomes from mild to severe and even death. Here, we delineate potential prototype species that encompass the breadth of clinical outcomes of a given family, have existing reverse genetics tools or animal disease models, and can be amenable to a platform approach to vaccine testing. Suggested prototype pathogens outlined here can serve as a starting point for further discussions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy L Hartman
- Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Peter J Myler
- Department of Pediatrics and the Department of Biomedical Informatics and Medical Education, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
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4
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Afzal S, Ali L, Batool A, Afzal M, Kanwal N, Hassan M, Safdar M, Ahmad A, Yang J. Hantavirus: an overview and advancements in therapeutic approaches for infection. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1233433. [PMID: 37901807 PMCID: PMC10601933 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1233433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Hantaviruses are a significant and emerging global public health threat, impacting more than 200,000 individuals worldwide each year. The single-stranded RNA viruses belong to the Hantaviridae family and are responsible for causing two acute febrile diseases in humans: Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) and hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS). Currently, there are no licensed treatments or vaccines available globally for HTNV infection. Various candidate drugs have shown efficacy in increasing survival rates during the early stages of HTNV infection. Some of these drugs include lactoferrin, ribavirin, ETAR, favipiravir and vandetanib. Immunotherapy utilizing neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) generated from Hantavirus convalescent patients show efficacy against HTNV. Monoclonal antibodies such as MIB22 and JL16 have demonstrated effectiveness in protecting against HTNV infection. The development of vaccines and antivirals, used independently and/or in combination, is critical for elucidating hantaviral infections and the impact on public health. RNA interference (RNAi) arised as an emerging antiviral therapy, is a highly specific degrades RNA, with post-transcriptional mechanism using eukaryotic cells platform. That has demonstrated efficacy against a wide range of viruses, both in vitro and in vivo. Recent antiviral methods involve using small interfering RNA (siRNA) and other, immune-based therapies to target specific gene segments (S, M, or L) of the Hantavirus. This therapeutic approach enhances viral RNA clearance through the RNA interference process in Vero E6 cells or human lung microvascular endothelial cells. However, the use of siRNAs faces challenges due to their low biological stability and limited in vivo targeting ability. Despite their successful inhibition of Hantavirus replication in host cells, their antiviral efficacy may be hindered. In the current review, we focus on advances in therapeutic strategies, as antiviral medications, immune-based therapies and vaccine candidates aimed at enhancing the body's ability to control the progression of Hantavirus infections, with the potential to reduce the risk of severe disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samia Afzal
- CEMB, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Liaqat Ali
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Sciences (NUMS), Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Anum Batool
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Sciences (NUMS), Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Momina Afzal
- CEMB, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Nida Kanwal
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Sciences (NUMS), Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | | | | | - Atif Ahmad
- CEMB, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Jing Yang
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Wuhan, Hubei, China
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5
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Engdahl TB, Binshtein E, Brocato RL, Kuzmina NA, Principe LM, Kwilas SA, Kim RK, Chapman NS, Porter MS, Guardado-Calvo P, Rey FA, Handal LS, Diaz SM, Zagol-Ikapitte IA, Tran MH, McDonald WH, Meiler J, Reidy JX, Trivette A, Bukreyev A, Hooper JW, Crowe JE. Antigenic mapping and functional characterization of human New World hantavirus neutralizing antibodies. eLife 2023; 12:e81743. [PMID: 36971354 PMCID: PMC10115451 DOI: 10.7554/elife.81743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Hantaviruses are high-priority emerging pathogens carried by rodents and transmitted to humans by aerosolized excreta or, in rare cases, person-to-person contact. While infections in humans are relatively rare, mortality rates range from 1 to 40% depending on the hantavirus species. There are currently no FDA-approved vaccines or therapeutics for hantaviruses, and the only treatment for infection is supportive care for respiratory or kidney failure. Additionally, the human humoral immune response to hantavirus infection is incompletely understood, especially the location of major antigenic sites on the viral glycoproteins and conserved neutralizing epitopes. Here, we report antigenic mapping and functional characterization for four neutralizing hantavirus antibodies. The broadly neutralizing antibody SNV-53 targets an interface between Gn/Gc, neutralizes through fusion inhibition and cross-protects against the Old World hantavirus species Hantaan virus when administered pre- or post-exposure. Another broad antibody, SNV-24, also neutralizes through fusion inhibition but targets domain I of Gc and demonstrates weak neutralizing activity to authentic hantaviruses. ANDV-specific, neutralizing antibodies (ANDV-5 and ANDV-34) neutralize through attachment blocking and protect against hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (HCPS) in animals but target two different antigenic faces on the head domain of Gn. Determining the antigenic sites for neutralizing antibodies will contribute to further therapeutic development for hantavirus-related diseases and inform the design of new broadly protective hantavirus vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor B Engdahl
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt UniversityNashvilleUnited States
| | - Elad Binshtein
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleUnited States
| | - Rebecca L Brocato
- Virology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious DiseasesFt DetrickUnited States
| | - Natalia A Kuzmina
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas Medical Branch at GalvestonGalvestonUnited States
- Galveston National LaboratoryGalvestonUnited States
| | - Lucia M Principe
- Virology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious DiseasesFt DetrickUnited States
| | - Steven A Kwilas
- Virology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious DiseasesFt DetrickUnited States
| | - Robert K Kim
- Virology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious DiseasesFt DetrickUnited States
| | - Nathaniel S Chapman
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt UniversityNashvilleUnited States
| | - Monique S Porter
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt UniversityNashvilleUnited States
| | | | - Félix A Rey
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris CitéParisFrance
| | - Laura S Handal
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleUnited States
| | - Summer M Diaz
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleUnited States
| | - Irene A Zagol-Ikapitte
- Department of Biochemistry and Mass Spectrometry Research Center, Vanderbilt UniversityNashvilleUnited States
| | - Minh H Tran
- Department of Biochemistry and Mass Spectrometry Research Center, Vanderbilt UniversityNashvilleUnited States
| | - W Hayes McDonald
- Department of Biochemistry and Mass Spectrometry Research Center, Vanderbilt UniversityNashvilleUnited States
| | - Jens Meiler
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt UniversityNashvilleUnited States
| | - Joseph X Reidy
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleUnited States
| | - Andrew Trivette
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleUnited States
| | - Alexander Bukreyev
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas Medical Branch at GalvestonGalvestonUnited States
- Galveston National LaboratoryGalvestonUnited States
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical BranchGalvestonUnited States
| | - Jay W Hooper
- Virology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious DiseasesFt DetrickUnited States
| | - James E Crowe
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt UniversityNashvilleUnited States
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleUnited States
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleUnited States
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6
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Neumayer G, Torkelson JL, Li S, McCarthy K, Zhen HH, Vangipuram M, Jackow J, Rami A, Hansen C, Guo Z, Gaddam S, Pappalardo A, Li L, Cramer A, Roy KR, Nguyen TM, Tanabe K, McGrath PS, Bruckner A, Bilousova G, Roop D, Bailey I, Tang JY, Christiano A, Steinmetz LM, Wernig M, Oro AE. A scalable, GMP-compatible, autologous organotypic cell therapy for Dystrophic Epidermolysis Bullosa. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.02.28.529447. [PMID: 36909618 PMCID: PMC10002612 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.28.529447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
Background Gene editing in induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells has been hailed to enable new cell therapies for various monogenetic diseases including dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (DEB). However, manufacturing, efficacy and safety roadblocks have limited the development of genetically corrected, autologous iPS cell-based therapies. Methods We developed Dystrophic Epidermolysis Bullosa Cell Therapy (DEBCT), a new generation GMP-compatible (cGMP), reproducible, and scalable platform to produce autologous clinical-grade iPS cell-derived organotypic induced skin composite (iSC) grafts to treat incurable wounds of patients lacking type VII collagen (C7). DEBCT uses a combined high-efficiency reprogramming and CRISPR-based genetic correction single step to generate genome scar-free, COL7A1 corrected clonal iPS cells from primary patient fibroblasts. Validated iPS cells are converted into epidermal, dermal and melanocyte progenitors with a novel 2D organoid differentiation protocol, followed by CD49f enrichment and expansion to minimize maturation heterogeneity. iSC product characterization by single cell transcriptomics was followed by mouse xenografting for disease correcting activity at 1 month and toxicology analysis at 1-6 months. Culture-acquired mutations, potential CRISPR-off targets, and cancer-driver variants were evaluated by targeted and whole genome sequencing. Findings iPS cell-derived iSC grafts were reproducibly generated from four recessive DEB patients with different pathogenic mutations. Organotypic iSC grafts onto immune-compromised mice developed into stable stratified skin with functional C7 restoration. Single cell transcriptomic characterization of iSCs revealed prominent holoclone stem cell signatures in keratinocytes and the recently described Gibbin-dependent signature in dermal fibroblasts. The latter correlated with enhanced graftability. Multiple orthogonal sequencing and subsequent computational approaches identified random and non-oncogenic mutations introduced by the manufacturing process. Toxicology revealed no detectable tumors after 3-6 months in DEBCT-treated mice. Interpretation DEBCT successfully overcomes previous roadblocks and represents a robust, scalable, and safe cGMP manufacturing platform for production of a CRISPR-corrected autologous organotypic skin graft to heal DEB patient wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gernot Neumayer
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pathology, and Department of Chemical and Systems Biology
| | - Jessica L. Torkelson
- Program in Epithelial Biology and Department of Dermatology
- Center for Definitive and Curative Medicine
| | - Shengdi Li
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Genome Biology Unit, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kelly McCarthy
- Program in Epithelial Biology and Department of Dermatology
- Center for Definitive and Curative Medicine
| | - Hanson H. Zhen
- Program in Epithelial Biology and Department of Dermatology
- Center for Definitive and Curative Medicine
| | - Madhuri Vangipuram
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pathology, and Department of Chemical and Systems Biology
| | - Joanna Jackow
- Department of Dermatology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032
- St John’s Institute of Dermatology, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Avina Rami
- Department of Dermatology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032
| | - Corey Hansen
- Department of Dermatology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032
| | - Zongyou Guo
- Department of Dermatology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032
| | - Sadhana Gaddam
- Program in Epithelial Biology and Department of Dermatology
| | | | - Lingjie Li
- Program in Epithelial Biology and Department of Dermatology
| | - Amber Cramer
- Program in Epithelial Biology and Department of Dermatology
| | - Kevin R. Roy
- Department of Genetics and Stanford Genome Technology Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Thuylinh Michelle Nguyen
- Department of Genetics and Stanford Genome Technology Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | | | - Patrick S. McGrath
- Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Anna Bruckner
- Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Ganna Bilousova
- Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Dennis Roop
- Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Irene Bailey
- Program in Epithelial Biology and Department of Dermatology
- Center for Definitive and Curative Medicine
| | - Jean Y. Tang
- Program in Epithelial Biology and Department of Dermatology
- Center for Definitive and Curative Medicine
| | | | - Lars M. Steinmetz
- Department of Genetics and Stanford Genome Technology Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Genome Biology Unit, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marius Wernig
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pathology, and Department of Chemical and Systems Biology
| | - Anthony E. Oro
- Program in Epithelial Biology and Department of Dermatology
- Center for Definitive and Curative Medicine
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7
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Saied AA, Nascimento MSL, Rangel AHDN, Skowron K, Grudlewska-Buda K, Dhama K, Shah J, Abdeen A, El-Mayet FS, Ahmed H, Metwally AA. Transchromosomic bovines (TcB)-derived broadly neutralizing antibodies as potent biotherapeutics to counter important emerging viral pathogens with a special focus on SARS-CoV-2, MERS-CoV, Ebola, Zika, HIV-1 and Influenza A virus. J Med Virol 2022; 94:4599-4610. [PMID: 35655326 PMCID: PMC9347534 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.27907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Historically, passive immunotherapy is an approved approach for protecting and treating humans against various diseases when other alternative therapeutic options are unavailable. Human polyclonal antibodies (hpAbs) can be made from convalescent human donor serum, although it is considered limited due to pandemics and the urgent requirement. Additionally, polyclonal antibodies (pAbs) could be generated from animals, but they may cause severe immunoreactivity and, once "humanized," may have lower neutralization efficiency. Transchromosomic bovines (TcBs) have been developed to address these concerns by creating robust neutralizing hpAbs, which are useful in preventing and/or curing human infections in response to hyperimmunization with vaccines holding adjuvants and/or immune stimulators over an extensive period. Unlike other animal‐derived pAbs, potent hpAbs could be promptly produced from TcB in large amounts to assist against an outbreak scenario. Some of these highly efficacious TcB‐derived antibodies have already neutralized and blocked diseases in clinical studies. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) has numerous variants classified into variants of concern (VOCs), variants of interest (VOIs), and variants under monitoring. Although these variants possess different mutations, such as N501Y, E484K, K417N, K417T, L452R, T478K, and P681R, SAB‐185 has shown broad neutralizing activity against VOCs, such as Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta, and Omicron variants, and VOIs, such as Epsilon, Iota, Kappa, and Lambda variants. This article highlights recent developments in the field of bovine‐derived biotherapeutics, which are seen as a practical platform for developing safe and effective antivirals with broad activity, particularly considering emerging viral infections such as SARS‐CoV‐2, Ebola, Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus, Zika, human immunodeficiency virus type 1, and influenza A virus. Antibodies in the bovine serum or colostrum, which have been proved to be more protective than their human counterparts, are also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- AbdulRahman A Saied
- National Food Safety Authority (NFSA), Aswan Branch, Aswan, 81511, Egypt.,Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities, Aswan Office, Aswan, 81511, Egypt
| | - Manuela Sales Lima Nascimento
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, 59078-970, Brazil
| | | | - Krzysztof Skowron
- Department of Microbiology, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, L. Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, 9 M. Skłodowskiej-Curie Street, 85-094, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Grudlewska-Buda
- Department of Microbiology, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, L. Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, 9 M. Skłodowskiej-Curie Street, 85-094, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Jaffer Shah
- Medical Research Center, Kateb University, Kabul, Afghanistan.,New York State Department of Health, New York, USA
| | - Ahmed Abdeen
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Toukh, 13736, Egypt
| | - Fouad S El-Mayet
- Virology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Toukh, 13736, Egypt
| | - Hassan Ahmed
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, 83523, Egypt
| | - Asmaa A Metwally
- Department of Surgery, Anesthesiology, and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aswan University, Aswan, 81528, Egypt
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8
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Saied AA, Metwally AA, Alobo M, Shah J, Sharun K, Dhama K. Bovine-derived antibodies and camelid-derived nanobodies as biotherapeutic weapons against SARS-CoV-2 and its variants: A review article. Int J Surg 2022; 98:106233. [PMID: 35065260 PMCID: PMC8768012 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2022.106233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has infected 305 million individuals worldwide and killed about 5.5 million people as of January 10, 2022. SARS-CoV-2 is the third major outbreak caused by a new coronavirus in the previous two decades, following SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV. Even though vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 is considered a critical strategy for preventing virus spread in the population and limiting COVID-19 clinical manifestations, new therapeutic drugs, and management strategies are urgently needed, particularly in light of the growing number of SARS-CoV-2 variants (such as Delta and Omicron variants). However, the use of conventional antibodies has faced many challenges, such as viral escape mutants, increased instability, weak binding, large sizes, the need for large amounts of plasma, and high-cost manufacturing. Furthermore, the emergence of new SARS-CoV-2 variants in the human population and recurrent coronavirus spillovers highlight the need for broadly neutralizing antibodies that are not affected by an antigenic drift that could limit future zoonotic infection. Bovine-derived antibodies and camelid-derived nanobodies are more potent and protective than conventional human antibodies, thanks to their inbuilt characteristics, and can be produced in large quantities. In addition, it was reported that these biotherapeutics are effective against a broad spectrum of epitopes, reducing the opportunity of viral pathogens to develop mutational escape. In this review, we focus on the potential benefits behind our rationale for using bovine-derived antibodies and camelid-derived nanobodies in countering SARS-CoV-2 and its emerging variants and mutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- AbdulRahman A. Saied
- Department of Food Establishments Licensing (Aswan Branch), National Food Safety Authority (NFSA), Aswan, 81511, Egypt,Touristic Activities and Interior Offices Sector (Aswan Office), Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities, Aswan, 81511, Egypt,Corresponding author. Department of Food Establishments Licensing (Aswan Branch), National Food Safety Authority (NFSA), Aswan, 81511, Egypt
| | - Asmaa A. Metwally
- Department of Surgery, Anesthesiology, and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aswan University, Aswan, 81511, Egypt,Corresponding author. Department of Surgery, Anesthesiology, and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aswan University, Aswan, Egypt
| | - Moses Alobo
- Grand Challenges Africa, Science for Africa Foundation, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Jaffer Shah
- Medical Research Center, Kateb University, Kabul, Afghanistan
| | - Khan Sharun
- Division of Surgery, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
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9
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Gunn BM, Bai S. Building a better antibody through the Fc: advances and challenges in harnessing antibody Fc effector functions for antiviral protection. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2021; 17:4328-4344. [PMID: 34613865 PMCID: PMC8827636 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2021.1976580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibodies can provide antiviral protection through neutralization and recruitment of innate effector functions through the Fc domain. While neutralization has long been appreciated for its role in antibody-mediated protection, a growing body of work indicates that the antibody Fc domain also significantly contributes to antiviral protection. Recruitment of innate immune cells such as natural killer cells, neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells and the complement system by antibodies can lead to direct restriction of viral infection as well as promoting long-term antiviral immunity. Monoclonal antibody therapeutics against viruses are increasingly incorporating Fc-enhancing features to take advantage of the Fc domain, uncovering a surprising breadth of mechanisms through which antibodies can control viral infection. Here, we review the recent advances in our understanding of antibody-mediated innate immune effector functions in protection from viral infection and review the current approaches and challenges to effectively leverage innate immune cells via antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bronwyn M. Gunn
- Paul G. Allen School of Global Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Shuangyi Bai
- Paul G. Allen School of Global Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
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10
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Williamson BN, Prescott J, Garrido JL, Alvarez RA, Feldmann H, Barría MI. Therapeutic Efficacy of Human Monoclonal Antibodies against Andes Virus Infection in Syrian Hamsters. Emerg Infect Dis 2021; 27:2707-2710. [PMID: 34545791 PMCID: PMC8462347 DOI: 10.3201/eid2710.210735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Andes virus, an orthohantavirus endemic to South America, causes severe hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome associated with human-to-human transmission. No approved treatments or vaccines against this virus are available. We show that a combined treatment with 2 monoclonal antibodies protected Syrian hamsters when administered at midstage or late-stage disease.
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11
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Saied AA, Metwally AA, Mohamed HMA, Haridy MAM. The contribution of bovines to human health against viral infections. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:46999-47023. [PMID: 34272669 PMCID: PMC8284698 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14941-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
In the last 40 years, novel viruses have evolved at a much faster pace than other pathogens. Viral diseases pose a significant threat to public health around the world. Bovines have a longstanding history of significant contributions to human nutrition, agricultural, industrial purposes, medical research, drug and vaccine development, and livelihood. The life cycle, genomic structures, viral proteins, and pathophysiology of bovine viruses studied in vitro paved the way for understanding the human counterparts. Calf model has been used for testing vaccines against RSV, papillomavirus vaccines and anti-HCV agents were principally developed after using the BPV and BVDV model, respectively. Some bovine viruses-based vaccines (BPIV-3 and bovine rotaviruses) were successfully developed, clinically tried, and commercially produced. Cows, immunized with HIV envelope glycoprotein, produced effective broadly neutralizing antibodies in their serum and colostrum against HIV. Here, we have summarized a few examples of human viral infections for which the use of bovines has contributed to the acquisition of new knowledge to improve human health against viral infections covering the convergence between some human and bovine viruses and using bovines as disease models. Additionally, the production of vaccines and drugs, bovine-based products were covered, and the precautions in dealing with bovines and bovine-based materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- AbdulRahman A Saied
- Department of Food Establishments Licensing (Aswan Branch), National Food Safety Authority (NFSA), Aswan, 81511, Egypt.
- Touristic Activities and Interior Offices Sector (Aswan Office), Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities, Aswan, 81511, Egypt.
| | - Asmaa A Metwally
- Department of Surgery, Anesthesiology, and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aswan University, Aswan, 81511, Egypt
| | - Hams M A Mohamed
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, 83523, Egypt
| | - Mohie A M Haridy
- Department of Pathology and Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, 83523, Egypt.
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12
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Sroga P, Sloan A, Warner BM, Tierney K, Lew J, Liu G, Chan M, Deschambault Y, Stein DR, Soule G, Banadyga L, Falzarano D, Safronetz D. Polyclonal alpaca antibodies protect against hantavirus pulmonary syndrome in a lethal Syrian hamster model. Sci Rep 2021; 11:17440. [PMID: 34465819 PMCID: PMC8408274 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-96884-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of antibody-based therapies for the treatment of high consequence viral pathogens has gained interest over the last fifteen years. Here, we sought to evaluate the use of unique camelid-based IgG antibodies to prevent lethal hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) in Syrian hamsters. Using purified, polyclonal IgG antibodies generated in DNA-immunized alpacas, we demonstrate that post-exposure treatments reduced viral burdens and organ-specific pathology associated with lethal HPS. Antibody treated animals did not exhibit signs of disease and were completely protected. The unique structures and properties, particularly the reduced size, distinct paratope formation and increased solubility of camelid antibodies, in combination with this study support further pre-clinical evaluation of heavy-chain only antibodies for treatment of severe respiratory diseases, including HPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrycja Sroga
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,National Centre for Foreign Animal Diseases, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Angela Sloan
- Zoonotic Diseases and Special Pathogens, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Bryce M Warner
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Zoonotic Diseases and Special Pathogens, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Kevin Tierney
- Zoonotic Diseases and Special Pathogens, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Jocelyne Lew
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Guodong Liu
- Zoonotic Diseases and Special Pathogens, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Michael Chan
- Zoonotic Diseases and Special Pathogens, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Yvon Deschambault
- Zoonotic Diseases and Special Pathogens, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Derek R Stein
- Zoonotic Diseases and Special Pathogens, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Cadham Provincial Laboratory, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Geoff Soule
- Zoonotic Diseases and Special Pathogens, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Logan Banadyga
- Zoonotic Diseases and Special Pathogens, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Darryl Falzarano
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.,Department of Veterinary Microbiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - David Safronetz
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada. .,Zoonotic Diseases and Special Pathogens, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
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13
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Liu Z, Wu H, Egland KA, Gilliland TC, Dunn MD, Luke TC, Sullivan EJ, Klimstra WB, Bausch CL, Whelan SPJ. Human immunoglobulin from transchromosomic bovines hyperimmunized with SARS-CoV-2 spike antigen efficiently neutralizes viral variants. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2021; 18:1940652. [PMID: 34228597 PMCID: PMC8290372 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2021.1940652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants with amino-acid substitutions and deletions in spike protein (S) can reduce the effectiveness of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and may compromise immunity induced by vaccines. We report a polyclonal, fully human, anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin produced in transchromosomic bovines (Tc-hIgG-SARS-CoV-2) hyperimmunized with two doses of plasmid DNA encoding the SARS-CoV-2 Wuhan strain S gene, followed by repeated immunization with S protein purified from insect cells. The resulting Tc-hIgG-SARS-CoV-2, termed SAB-185, efficiently neutralizes SARS-CoV-2, and vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) SARS-CoV-2 chimeras in vitro. Neutralization potency was retained for S variants including S477N, E484K, and N501Y, substitutions present in recent variants of concern. In contrast to the ease of selection of escape variants with mAbs and convalescent human plasma, we were unable to isolate VSV-SARS-CoV-2 mutants resistant to Tc-hIgG-SARS-CoV-2 neutralization. This fully human immunoglobulin that potently inhibits SARS-CoV-2 infection may provide an effective therapeutic to combat COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoming Liu
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Hua Wu
- , SAB Biotherapeutics Inc, Sioux Fall, SD, USA
| | | | - Theron C Gilliland
- Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Matthew D Dunn
- Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | | | - William B Klimstra
- Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Sean P J Whelan
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
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14
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Saavedra F, Díaz FE, Retamal‐Díaz A, Covián C, González PA, Kalergis AM. Immune response during hantavirus diseases: implications for immunotherapies and vaccine design. Immunology 2021; 163:262-277. [PMID: 33638192 PMCID: PMC8207335 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Orthohantaviruses, previously named hantaviruses, cause two emerging zoonotic diseases: haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) in Eurasia and hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (HCPS) in the Americas. Overall, over 200 000 cases are registered every year worldwide, with a fatality rate ranging between 0·1% and 15% for HFRS and between 20% and 40% for HCPS. No specific treatment or vaccines have been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to treat or prevent hantavirus-caused syndromes. Currently, little is known about the mechanisms at the basis of hantavirus-induced disease. However, it has been hypothesized that an excessive inflammatory response plays an essential role in the course of the disease. Furthermore, the contributions of the cellular immune response to either viral clearance or pathology have not been fully elucidated. This article discusses recent findings relative to the immune responses elicited to hantaviruses in subjects suffering HFRS or HCPS, highlighting the similarities and differences between these two clinical diseases. Also, we summarize the most recent data about the cellular immune response that could be important for designing new vaccines to prevent this global public health problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farides Saavedra
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and ImmunotherapyDepartamento de Genética Molecular y MicrobiologíaFacultad de Ciencias BiológicasPontificia Universidad Católica de ChileSantiagoChile
| | - Fabián E. Díaz
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and ImmunotherapyDepartamento de Genética Molecular y MicrobiologíaFacultad de Ciencias BiológicasPontificia Universidad Católica de ChileSantiagoChile
| | - Angello Retamal‐Díaz
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and ImmunotherapyDepartamento de Genética Molecular y MicrobiologíaFacultad de Ciencias BiológicasPontificia Universidad Católica de ChileSantiagoChile
| | - Camila Covián
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and ImmunotherapyDepartamento de Genética Molecular y MicrobiologíaFacultad de Ciencias BiológicasPontificia Universidad Católica de ChileSantiagoChile
| | - Pablo A. González
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and ImmunotherapyDepartamento de Genética Molecular y MicrobiologíaFacultad de Ciencias BiológicasPontificia Universidad Católica de ChileSantiagoChile
| | - Alexis M. Kalergis
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and ImmunotherapyDepartamento de Genética Molecular y MicrobiologíaFacultad de Ciencias BiológicasPontificia Universidad Católica de ChileSantiagoChile
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and ImmunotherapyDepartamento de EndocrinologíaFacultad de MedicinaEscuela de MedicinaPontificia Universidad Católica de ChileSantiagoChile
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15
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Engdahl TB, Kuzmina NA, Ronk AJ, Mire CE, Hyde MA, Kose N, Josleyn MD, Sutton RE, Mehta A, Wolters RM, Lloyd NM, Valdivieso FR, Ksiazek TG, Hooper JW, Bukreyev A, Crowe JE. Broad and potently neutralizing monoclonal antibodies isolated from human survivors of New World hantavirus infection. Cell Rep 2021; 35:109086. [PMID: 33951434 PMCID: PMC8142553 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
New World hantaviruses (NWHs) are endemic in North and South America and cause hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (HCPS), with a case fatality rate of up to 40%. Knowledge of the natural humoral immune response to NWH infection is limited. Here, we describe human monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) isolated from individuals previously infected with Sin Nombre virus (SNV) or Andes virus (ANDV). Most SNV-reactive antibodies show broad recognition and cross-neutralization of both New and Old World hantaviruses, while many ANDV-reactive antibodies show activity for ANDV only. mAbs ANDV-44 and SNV-53 compete for binding to a distinct site on the ANDV surface glycoprotein and show potently neutralizing activity to New and Old World hantaviruses. Four mAbs show therapeutic efficacy at clinically relevant doses in hamsters. These studies reveal a convergent and potently neutralizing human antibody response to NWHs and suggest therapeutic potential for human mAbs against HCPS. Engdahl et al. show that monoclonal antibodies isolated from human survivors of New World hantavirus infection display broad and potent neutralization across hantavirus species and recognize distinct sites on the glycoprotein spike. Multiple antibodies demonstrate potential therapeutic candidates for New World hantavirus infection. Some antibodies also neutralized Old World hantaviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor B Engdahl
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Natalia A Kuzmina
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; Galveston National Laboratory, Galveston, TX 77550, USA
| | - Adam J Ronk
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; Galveston National Laboratory, Galveston, TX 77550, USA
| | - Chad E Mire
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; Galveston National Laboratory, Galveston, TX 77550, USA; Animal Resource Center, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Matthew A Hyde
- Animal Resource Center, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Nurgun Kose
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Matthew D Josleyn
- Virology Division, US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Rachel E Sutton
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Apoorva Mehta
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Rachael M Wolters
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Nicole M Lloyd
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; Galveston National Laboratory, Galveston, TX 77550, USA
| | - Francisca R Valdivieso
- Programa Hantavirus, Instituto de Ciencias e Innovación en Medicina (ICIM), Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago 7590943, Chile
| | - Thomas G Ksiazek
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; Galveston National Laboratory, Galveston, TX 77550, USA
| | - Jay W Hooper
- Virology Division, US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Alexander Bukreyev
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; Galveston National Laboratory, Galveston, TX 77550, USA.
| | - James E Crowe
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
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16
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Differential pathogenesis between Andes virus strains CHI-7913 and Chile-9717869in Syrian Hamsters. J Virol 2021; 95:JVI.00108-21. [PMID: 33627395 PMCID: PMC8139648 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00108-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (HCPS) is a severe respiratory disease caused by orthohantaviruses in the Americas with a fatality rate as high as 35%. In South America, Andes orthohantavirus (Hantaviridae, Orthohantavirus, ANDV) is a major cause of HCPS, particularly in Chile and Argentina, where thousands of cases have been reported since the virus was discovered. Two strains of ANDV that are classically used for experimental studies of the virus are Chile-9717869, isolated from the natural reservoir, the long-tailed pygmy rice rat, and CHI-7913, an isolate from a lethal human case of HCPS. An important animal model for studying pathogenesis of HCPS is the lethal Syrian golden hamster model of ANDV infection. In this model, ANDV strain Chile-9717869 is uniformly lethal and has been used extensively for pathogenesis, vaccination, and therapeutic studies. Here we show that the CHI-7913 strain, despite having high sequence similarity with Chile-9717869, does not cause lethal disease in Syrian hamsters. CHI-7913, while being able to infect hamsters and replicate to moderate levels, showed a reduced ability to replicate within the tissues compared with Chile-9717869. Hamsters infected with CHI-7913 had reduced expression of cytokines IL-4, IL-6, and IFN-γ compared with Chile-9717869 infected animals, suggesting potentially limited immune-mediated pathology. These results demonstrate that certain ANDV strains may not be lethal in the classical Syrian hamster model of infection, and further exploration into the differences between lethal and non-lethal strains provide important insights into molecular determinants of pathogenic hantavirus infection.Importance:Andes orthohantavirus (ANDV) is a New World hantavirus that is a major cause of hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (HCPS, also referred to as hantavirus pulmonary syndrome) in South America, particularly in Chile and Argentina. ANDV is one of the few hantaviruses for which there is a reliable animal model, the Syrian hamster model, which recapitulates important aspects of human disease. Here we infected hamsters with a human isolate of ANDV, CHI-7913, to assess its pathogenicity compared with the classical lethal Chile-9717869 strain. CHI-7913 had 22 amino acid differences compared with Chile-9717869, did not cause lethal disease in hamsters, and showed reduced ability to replicate in vivo Our data indicate potentially important molecular signatures for pathogenesis of ANDV infection in hamsters and may lead to insights into what drives pathogenesis of certain hantaviruses in humans.
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17
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Rissanen I, Stass R, Krumm SA, Seow J, Hulswit RJG, Paesen GC, Hepojoki J, Vapalahti O, Lundkvist Å, Reynard O, Volchkov V, Doores KJ, Huiskonen JT, Bowden TA. Molecular rationale for antibody-mediated targeting of the hantavirus fusion glycoprotein. eLife 2020; 9:e58242. [PMID: 33349334 PMCID: PMC7755396 DOI: 10.7554/elife.58242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The intricate lattice of Gn and Gc glycoprotein spike complexes on the hantavirus envelope facilitates host-cell entry and is the primary target of the neutralizing antibody-mediated immune response. Through study of a neutralizing monoclonal antibody termed mAb P-4G2, which neutralizes the zoonotic pathogen Puumala virus (PUUV), we provide a molecular-level basis for antibody-mediated targeting of the hantaviral glycoprotein lattice. Crystallographic analysis demonstrates that P-4G2 binds to a multi-domain site on PUUV Gc and may preclude fusogenic rearrangements of the glycoprotein that are required for host-cell entry. Furthermore, cryo-electron microscopy of PUUV-like particles in the presence of P-4G2 reveals a lattice-independent configuration of the Gc, demonstrating that P-4G2 perturbs the (Gn-Gc)4 lattice. This work provides a structure-based blueprint for rationalizing antibody-mediated targeting of hantaviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilona Rissanen
- Division of Structural Biology, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
- Helsinki Institute of Life Science HiLIFE, University of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
- Molecular and Integrative Biosciences Research Programme, The Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Robert Stass
- Division of Structural Biology, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Stefanie A Krumm
- Department of Infectious Diseases, King's College London, Guy's HospitalLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Jeffrey Seow
- Department of Infectious Diseases, King's College London, Guy's HospitalLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Ruben JG Hulswit
- Division of Structural Biology, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Guido C Paesen
- Division of Structural Biology, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Jussi Hepojoki
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of ZürichZürichSwitzerland
- Department of Virology, Medicum, Faculty of Medicine, University of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Olli Vapalahti
- Departments of Virology and Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki and HUSLAB, Helsinki University HospitalHelsinkiFinland
| | - Åke Lundkvist
- Zoonosis Science Center, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden
| | - Olivier Reynard
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, INSERM U1111, CNRS UMR5308, Université LyonLyonFrance
| | - Viktor Volchkov
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, INSERM U1111, CNRS UMR5308, Université LyonLyonFrance
| | - Katie J Doores
- Department of Infectious Diseases, King's College London, Guy's HospitalLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Juha T Huiskonen
- Division of Structural Biology, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
- Helsinki Institute of Life Science HiLIFE, University of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
- Molecular and Integrative Biosciences Research Programme, The Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Thomas A Bowden
- Division of Structural Biology, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
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18
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Human Monoclonal Antibody Derived from Transchromosomic Cattle Neutralizes Multiple H1 Clades of Influenza A Virus by Recognizing a Novel Conformational Epitope in the Hemagglutinin Head Domain. J Virol 2020; 94:JVI.00945-20. [PMID: 32847862 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00945-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza remains a global health risk and challenge. Currently, neuraminidase (NA) inhibitors are extensively used to treat influenza, but their efficacy is compromised by the emergence of drug-resistant variants. Neutralizing antibodies targeting influenza A virus surface glycoproteins are critical components of influenza therapeutic agents and may provide alternative strategies to the existing countermeasures. However, the major hurdle for the extensive application of antibody therapies lies in the difficulty of generating nonimmunogenic antibodies in large quantities rapidly. Here, we report that one human monoclonal antibody (MAb), 53C10, isolated from transchromosomic (Tc) cattle exhibits potent neutralization and hemagglutination inhibition titers against different clades of H1N1 subtype influenza A viruses. In vitro selection of antibody escape mutants revealed that 53C10 recognizes a novel noncontinuous epitope in the hemagglutinin (HA) head domain involving three amino acid residues, glycine (G), serine (S), and glutamic acid (E) at positions 172, 207, and 212, respectively. The results of our experiments supported a critical role for substitution of arginine at position 207 (S207R) in mediating resistance to 53C10, while substitutions at either G172E or E212A did not alter antibody recognition and neutralization. The E212A mutation may provide structural stability for the epitope, while the substitution G172E probably compensates for loss of fitness introduced by S207R. Our results offer novel insights into the mechanism of action of MAb 53C10 and indicate its potential role in therapeutic treatment of H1 influenza virus infection in humans.IMPORTANCE Respiratory diseases caused by influenza viruses still pose a serious concern to global health, and neutralizing antibodies constitute a promising area of antiviral therapeutics. However, the potential application of antibodies is often hampered by the challenge in generating nonimmunogenic antibodies in large scale. In the present study, transchromosomic (Tc) cattle were used for the generation of nonimmunogenic monoclonal antibodies (MAbs), and characterization of such MAbs revealed one monoclonal antibody, 53C10, exhibiting a potent neutralization activity against H1N1 influenza viruses. Further characterization of the neutralization escape mutant generated using this MAb showed that three amino acid substitutions in the HA head domain contributed to the resistance. These findings emphasize the importance of Tc cattle in the production of nonimmunogenic MAbs and highlight the potential of MAb 53C10 in the therapeutic application against H1 influenza virus infection in humans.
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Abstract
Hantaviruses are pathogens that sometimes pass from animals to humans, and they are found in parts of Europe, Asia, and North and South America. When human infection occurs, these viruses can cause kidney or lung failure, and as many as 40% of infected people die. Currently, there are no vaccines or therapeutics for hantavirus-related diseases available. A first step in developing prevention measures is determining what type of immune response is protective. Increasingly it has become clear that the induction of a type of response called a neutralizing antibody response is critical for protection from severe disease. Although virologists first described this family of viruses in the 1950s, there is limited information on what features on the surface of hantaviruses are recognized by the immune system. Here, we review the current state of knowledge of this information, which is critical for the design of effective therapeutics and vaccines. Hantaviruses are zoonotic pathogens found in parts of Europe, Asia, South America, and North America, which can cause renal and respiratory failure with fatality rates up to 40%. There are currently no FDA-approved vaccines or therapeutics for hantavirus-related diseases; however, it is evident that a robust neutralizing antibody response is critical for protection from severe disease. Although virologists first described this family of viruses in the 1950s, there is limited information on the neutralizing epitopes that exist on the hantavirus antigenic glycoproteins, Gn and Gc, and sites important for the design of effective therapeutics and vaccines. We provide a thorough summary of the hantavirus field from an immunological perspective. In particular, we discuss our current structural knowledge of antigenic proteins Gn and Gc, identification of B cell neutralizing epitopes, previously isolated monoclonal antibodies and their cross-reactivity between different hantavirus strains, and current developments toward vaccines and therapeutics. We conclude with some outstanding questions in the field and emphasize the need for additional studies of the human antibody response to hantavirus infection. IMPORTANCE Hantaviruses are pathogens that sometimes pass from animals to humans, and they are found in parts of Europe, Asia, and North and South America. When human infection occurs, these viruses can cause kidney or lung failure, and as many as 40% of infected people die. Currently, there are no vaccines or therapeutics for hantavirus-related diseases available. A first step in developing prevention measures is determining what type of immune response is protective. Increasingly it has become clear that the induction of a type of response called a neutralizing antibody response is critical for protection from severe disease. Although virologists first described this family of viruses in the 1950s, there is limited information on what features on the surface of hantaviruses are recognized by the immune system. Here, we review the current state of knowledge of this information, which is critical for the design of effective therapeutics and vaccines.
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20
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Mucker EM, Karmali PP, Vega J, Kwilas SA, Wu H, Joselyn M, Ballantyne J, Sampey D, Mukthavaram R, Sullivan E, Chivukula P, Hooper JW. Lipid Nanoparticle Formulation Increases Efficiency of DNA-Vectored Vaccines/Immunoprophylaxis in Animals Including Transchromosomic Bovines. Sci Rep 2020; 10:8764. [PMID: 32472093 PMCID: PMC7260227 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-65059-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of nucleic acid as a drug substance for vaccines and other gene-based medicines continues to evolve. Here, we have used a technology originally developed for mRNA in vivo delivery to enhance the immunogenicity of DNA vaccines. We demonstrate that neutralizing antibodies produced in rabbits and nonhuman primates injected with lipid nanoparticle (LNP)-formulated Andes virus or Zika virus DNA vaccines are elevated over unformulated vaccine. Using a plasmid encoding an anti-poxvirus monoclonal antibody (as a reporter of protein expression), we showed that improved immunogenicity is likely due to increased in vivo DNA delivery, resulting in more target protein. Specifically, after four days, up to 30 ng/mL of functional monoclonal antibody were detected in the serum of rabbits injected with the LNP-formulated DNA. We pragmatically applied the technology to the production of human neutralizing antibodies in a transchromosomic (Tc) bovine for use as a passive immunoprophylactic. Production of neutralizing antibody was increased by >10-fold while utilizing 10 times less DNA in the Tc bovine. This work provides a proof-of-concept that LNP formulation of DNA vaccines can be used to produce more potent active vaccines, passive countermeasures (e.g., Tc bovine), and as a means to produce more potent DNA-launched immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric M Mucker
- US Army Medical Research Institute for Infectious Disease, Fort Detrick, MD, USA
| | | | - Jerel Vega
- Arcturus Therapeutics, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Steven A Kwilas
- US Army Medical Research Institute for Infectious Disease, Fort Detrick, MD, USA
| | - Hua Wu
- SAB Biotherapeutics, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
| | - Matthew Joselyn
- US Army Medical Research Institute for Infectious Disease, Fort Detrick, MD, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Jay W Hooper
- US Army Medical Research Institute for Infectious Disease, Fort Detrick, MD, USA.
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21
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Perley CC, Brocato RL, Wu H, Bausch C, Karmali PP, Vega JB, Cohen MV, Somerville B, Kwilas SA, Principe LM, Shamblin J, Chivukula P, Sullivan E, Hooper JW. Anti-HFRS Human IgG Produced in Transchromosomic Bovines Has Potent Hantavirus Neutralizing Activity and Is Protective in Animal Models. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:832. [PMID: 32508764 PMCID: PMC7252588 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We explored an emerging technology to produce anti-Hantaan virus (HTNV) and anti-Puumala virus (PUUV) neutralizing antibodies for use as pre- or post-exposure prophylactics. The technology involves hyperimmunization of transchomosomic bovines (TcB) engineered to express human polyclonal IgG antibodies with HTNV and PUUV DNA vaccines encoding GnGc glycoproteins. For the anti-HTNV product, TcB was hyperimmunized with HTNV DNA plus adjuvant or HTNV DNA formulated using lipid nanoparticles (LNP). The LNP-formulated vaccine yielded fivefold higher neutralizing antibody titers using 10-fold less DNA. Human IgG purified from the LNP-formulated animal (SAB-159), had anti-HTNV neutralizing antibody titers >100,000. SAB-159 was capable of neutralizing pseudovirions with monoclonal antibody escape mutations in Gn and Gc demonstrating neutralization escape resistance. SAB-159 protected hamsters from HTNV infection when administered pre- or post-exposure, and limited HTNV infection in a marmoset model. An LNP-formulated PUUV DNA vaccine generated purified anti-PUUV IgG, SAB-159P, with a neutralizing antibody titer >600,000. As little as 0.33 mg/kg of SAB-159P protected hamsters against PUUV infection for pre-exposure and 10 mg/kg SAB-159P protected PUUV-infected hamsters post-exposure. These data demonstrate that DNA vaccines combined with the TcB-based manufacturing platform can be used to rapidly produce potent, human, polyclonal, escape-resistant anti-HTNV, and anti-PUUV neutralizing antibodies that are protective in animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casey C Perley
- Virology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Rebecca L Brocato
- Virology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Hua Wu
- SAB Biotherapeutics Inc., Sioux Falls, SD, United States
| | | | | | - Jerel B Vega
- Arcturus Therapeutics Inc., San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Melanie V Cohen
- Virology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Brandon Somerville
- Virology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Steven A Kwilas
- Virology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Lucia M Principe
- Virology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Joshua Shamblin
- Virology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, MD, United States
| | | | - Eddie Sullivan
- SAB Biotherapeutics Inc., Sioux Falls, SD, United States
| | - Jay W Hooper
- Virology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, MD, United States
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22
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Mittler E, Dieterle ME, Kleinfelter LM, Slough MM, Chandran K, Jangra RK. Hantavirus entry: Perspectives and recent advances. Adv Virus Res 2019; 104:185-224. [PMID: 31439149 DOI: 10.1016/bs.aivir.2019.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Hantaviruses are important zoonotic pathogens of public health importance that are found on all continents except Antarctica and are associated with hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) in the Old World and hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) in the New World. Despite the significant disease burden they cause, no FDA-approved specific therapeutics or vaccines exist against these lethal viruses. The lack of available interventions is largely due to an incomplete understanding of hantavirus pathogenesis and molecular mechanisms of virus replication, including cellular entry. Hantavirus Gn/Gc glycoproteins are the only viral proteins exposed on the surface of virions and are necessary and sufficient to orchestrate virus attachment and entry. In vitro studies have implicated integrins (β1-3), DAF/CD55, and gC1qR as candidate receptors that mediate viral attachment for both Old World and New World hantaviruses. Recently, protocadherin-1 (PCDH1) was demonstrated as a requirement for cellular attachment and entry of New World hantaviruses in vitro and lethal HPS in vivo, making it the first clade-specific host factor to be identified. Attachment of hantavirus particles to cellular receptors induces their internalization by clathrin-mediated, dynamin-independent, or macropinocytosis-like mechanisms, followed by particle trafficking to an endosomal compartment where the fusion of viral and endosomal membranes can occur. Following membrane fusion, which requires cholesterol and acid pH, viral nucleocapsids escape into the cytoplasm and launch genome replication. In this review, we discuss the current mechanistic understanding of hantavirus entry, highlight gaps in our existing knowledge, and suggest areas for future inquiry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Mittler
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Maria Eugenia Dieterle
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Lara M Kleinfelter
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Megan M Slough
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Kartik Chandran
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States.
| | - Rohit K Jangra
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States.
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23
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Progress on the Prevention and Treatment of Hantavirus Disease. Viruses 2019; 11:v11070610. [PMID: 31277410 PMCID: PMC6669544 DOI: 10.3390/v11070610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Hantaviruses, members of the order Bunyavirales, family Hantaviridae, have a world-wide distribution and are responsible for greater than 150,000 cases of disease per year. The spectrum of disease associated with hantavirus infection include hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) and hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) also known as hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (HCPS). There are currently no FDA-approved vaccines or treatments for these hantavirus diseases. This review provides a summary of the status of vaccine and antiviral treatment efforts including those tested in animal models or human clinical trials.
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24
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Perley CC, Brocato RL, Kwilas SA, Daye S, Moreau A, Nichols DK, Wetzel KS, Shamblin J, Hooper JW. Three asymptomatic animal infection models of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome caused by hantaviruses. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0216700. [PMID: 31075144 PMCID: PMC6510444 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0216700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Hantaan virus (HTNV) and Puumala virus (PUUV) are rodent-borne hantaviruses that are the primary causes of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) in Europe and Asia. The development of well characterized animal models of HTNV and PUUV infection is critical for the evaluation and the potential licensure of HFRS vaccines and therapeutics. In this study we present three animal models of HTNV infection (hamster, ferret and marmoset), and two animal models of PUUV infection (hamster, ferret). Infection of hamsters with a ~3 times the infectious dose 99% (ID99) of HTNV by the intramuscular and ~1 ID99 of HTNV by the intranasal route leads to a persistent asymptomatic infection, characterized by sporadic viremia and high levels of viral genome in the lung, brain and kidney. In contrast, infection of hamsters with ~2 ID99 of PUUV by the intramuscular or ~1 ID99 of PUUV by the intranasal route leads to seroconversion with no detectable viremia, and a transient detection of viral genome. Infection of ferrets with a high dose of either HTNV or PUUV by the intramuscular route leads to seroconversion and gradual weight loss, though kidney function remained unimpaired and serum viremia and viral dissemination to organs was not detected. In marmosets a 1,000 PFU HTNV intramuscular challenge led to robust seroconversion and neutralizing antibody production. Similarly to the ferret model of HTNV infection, no renal impairment, serum viremia or viral dissemination to organs was detected in marmosets. This is the first report of hantavirus infection in ferrets and marmosets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casey C. Perley
- Virology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Ft. Detrick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Rebecca L. Brocato
- Virology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Ft. Detrick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Steven A. Kwilas
- Virology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Ft. Detrick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Sharon Daye
- Pathology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Ft. Detrick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Alicia Moreau
- Pathology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Ft. Detrick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Donald K. Nichols
- Pathology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Ft. Detrick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Kelly S. Wetzel
- Molecular and Translational Sciences Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Ft. Detrick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Joshua Shamblin
- Virology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Ft. Detrick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jay W. Hooper
- Virology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Ft. Detrick, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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25
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Wu H, Fan Z, Brandsrud M, Meng Q, Bobbitt M, Regouski M, Stott R, Sweat A, Crabtree J, Hogan RJ, Tripp RA, Wang Z, Polejaeva IA, Sullivan EJ. Generation of H7N9-specific human polyclonal antibodies from a transchromosomic goat (caprine) system. Sci Rep 2019; 9:366. [PMID: 30675003 PMCID: PMC6344498 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-36961-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
To address the unmet needs for human polyclonal antibodies both as therapeutics and diagnostic reagents, building upon our previously established transchromosomic (Tc) cattle platform, we report herein the development of a Tc goat system expressing human polyclonal antibodies in their sera. In the Tc goat system, a human artificial chromosome (HAC) comprising the entire human immunoglobulin (Ig) gene repertoire in the germline configuration was introduced into the genetic makeup of the domestic goat. We achieved this by transferring the HAC into goat fetal fibroblast cells followed by somatic cell nuclear transfer for Tc goat production. Gene and protein expression analyses in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and the sera, respectively, of Tc caprine demonstrated the successful expression of human Ig genes and antibodies. Furthermore, immunization of Tc caprine with inactivated influenza A (H7N9) viruses followed by H7N9 Hemagglutinin 1 (HA1) boosting elicited human antibodies with high neutralizing activities against H7N9 viruses in vitro. As a small ungulate, Tc caprine offers the advantages of low cost and quick establishment of herds, therefore complementing the Tc cattle platform in responses to a range of medical needs and diagnostic applications where small volumes of human antibody products are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Wu
- SAB Biotherapeutics, Sioux Falls, SD, 57104, USA.,SAB Capra, LLC, Salt Lake City, UT, 84101, USA
| | - Zhiqiang Fan
- Department of Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT, 84322, USA
| | | | - Qinggang Meng
- Department of Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT, 84322, USA
| | | | - Misha Regouski
- Department of Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT, 84322, USA
| | - Rusty Stott
- Department of Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT, 84322, USA
| | - Alexis Sweat
- Department of Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT, 84322, USA
| | - Jackelyn Crabtree
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Robert J Hogan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Ralph A Tripp
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Zhongde Wang
- Department of Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT, 84322, USA.
| | - Irina A Polejaeva
- Department of Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT, 84322, USA.
| | - Eddie J Sullivan
- SAB Biotherapeutics, Sioux Falls, SD, 57104, USA. .,SAB Capra, LLC, Salt Lake City, UT, 84101, USA.
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26
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Human Polyclonal Antibodies Produced from Transchromosomal Bovine Provides Prophylactic and Therapeutic Protections Against Zika Virus Infection in STAT2 KO Syrian Hamsters. Viruses 2019; 11:v11020092. [PMID: 30678320 PMCID: PMC6410148 DOI: 10.3390/v11020092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) infection can cause severe congenital diseases, such as microcephaly, ocular defects and arthrogryposis in fetuses, and Guillain–Barré syndrome in adults. Efficacious therapeutic treatments for infected patients, as well as prophylactic treatments to prevent new infections are needed for combating ZIKV infection. Here, we report that ZIKV-specific human polyclonal antibodies (SAB-155), elicited in transchromosomal bovine (TcB), provide significant protection from infection by ZIKV in STAT2 knockout (KO) golden Syrian hamsters both prophylactically and therapeutically. These antibodies also prevent testicular lesions in this hamster model. Our data indicate that antibody-mediated immunotherapy is effective in treating ZIKV infection. Because suitable quantities of highly potent human polyclonal antibodies can be quickly produced from the TcB system against ZIKV and have demonstrated therapeutic efficacy in a small animal model, they have the potential as an effective countermeasure against ZIKV infection.
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27
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Guzman E, Montoya M. Contributions of Farm Animals to Immunology. Front Vet Sci 2018; 5:307. [PMID: 30574508 PMCID: PMC6292178 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2018.00307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
By their very nature, great advances in immunology are usually underpinned by experiments carried out in animal models and inbred lines of mice. Also, their corresponding knock-out or knock-in derivatives have been the most commonly used animal systems in immunological studies. With much credit to their usefulness, laboratory mice will never provide all the answers to fully understand immunological processes. Large animal models offer unique biological and experimental advantages that have been and continue to be of great value to the understanding of biological and immunological processes. From the identification of B cells to the realization that γδ T cells can function as professional antigen presenting cells, farm animals have contributed significantly to a better understanding of immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Montoya
- The Pirbright Institute, Woking, United Kingdom
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CIB-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
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28
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Luke T, Bennett RS, Gerhardt DM, Burdette T, Postnikova E, Mazur S, Honko AN, Oberlander N, Byrum R, Ragland D, St. Claire M, Janosko KB, Smith G, Glenn G, Hooper J, Dye J, Pal S, Bishop-Lilly KA, Hamilton T, Frey K, Bollinger L, Wada J, Wu H, Jiao JA, Olinger GG, Gunn B, Alter G, Khurana S, Hensley LE, Sullivan E, Jahrling PB. Fully Human Immunoglobulin G From Transchromosomic Bovines Treats Nonhuman Primates Infected With Ebola Virus Makona Isolate. J Infect Dis 2018; 218:S636-S648. [PMID: 30010950 PMCID: PMC6249570 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiy377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Transchromosomic bovines (Tc-bovines) adaptively produce fully human polyclonal immunoglobulin (Ig)G antibodies after exposure to immunogenic antigen(s). The National Interagency Confederation for Biological Research and collaborators rapidly produced and then evaluated anti-Ebola virus IgG immunoglobulins (collectively termed SAB-139) purified from Tc-bovine plasma after sequential hyperimmunization with an Ebola virus Makona isolate glycoprotein nanoparticle vaccine. SAB-139 was characterized by several in vitro production, research, and clinical level assays using wild-type Makona-C05 or recombinant virus/antigens from different Ebola virus variants. SAB-139 potently activates natural killer cells, monocytes, and peripheral blood mononuclear cells and has high-binding avidity demonstrated by surface plasmon resonance. SAB-139 has similar concentrations of galactose-α-1,3-galactose carbohydrates compared with human-derived intravenous Ig, and the IgG1 subclass antibody is predominant. All rhesus macaques infected with Ebola virus/H.sapiens-tc/GIN/2014/Makona-C05 and treated with sufficient SAB-139 at 1 day (n = 6) or 3 days (n = 6) postinfection survived versus 0% of controls. This study demonstrates that Tc-bovines can produce pathogen-specific human Ig to prevent and/or treat patients when an emerging infectious disease either threatens to or becomes an epidemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Luke
- Viral and Rickettsial Diseases Department, Naval Medical Research Center, The Henry Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Richard S Bennett
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Dawn M Gerhardt
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Tracey Burdette
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Elena Postnikova
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Steven Mazur
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Anna N Honko
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Nicholas Oberlander
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Russell Byrum
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Dan Ragland
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Marisa St. Claire
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Krisztina B Janosko
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland
| | | | | | - Jay Hooper
- Virology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Maryland
| | - John Dye
- Virology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Maryland
| | - Subhamoy Pal
- Viral and Rickettsial Diseases Department, Naval Medical Research Center, The Henry Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Kimberly A Bishop-Lilly
- Biological Defense Research Directorate, Naval Medical Research Center, Ft. Detrick, Maryland
| | - Theron Hamilton
- Biological Defense Research Directorate, Naval Medical Research Center, Ft. Detrick, Maryland
| | - Kenneth Frey
- Biological Defense Research Directorate, Naval Medical Research Center, Ft. Detrick, Maryland
| | - Laura Bollinger
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Jiro Wada
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Hua Wu
- SAB Biotherapeutics Inc., Sioux Falls, South Dakota
| | - Jin-an Jiao
- SAB Biotherapeutics Inc., Sioux Falls, South Dakota
| | - Gene G Olinger
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Bronwyn Gunn
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and Harvard, Boston
| | - Galit Alter
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and Harvard, Boston
| | - Surender Khurana
- Division of Viral Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Lisa E Hensley
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland
| | | | - Peter B Jahrling
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland
- Emerging Viral Pathogens Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland
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29
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Garrido JL, Prescott J, Calvo M, Bravo F, Alvarez R, Salas A, Riquelme R, Rioseco ML, Williamson BN, Haddock E, Feldmann H, Barria MI. Two recombinant human monoclonal antibodies that protect against lethal Andes hantavirus infection in vivo. Sci Transl Med 2018; 10:eaat6420. [PMID: 30463919 PMCID: PMC11073648 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aat6420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Andes hantavirus (ANDV) is an etiologic agent of hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (HCPS), a severe disease characterized by fever, headache, and gastrointestinal symptoms that may progress to hypotension, pulmonary failure, and cardiac shock that results in a 25 to 40% case-fatality rate. Currently, there is no specific treatment or vaccine; however, several studies have shown that the generation of neutralizing antibody (Ab) responses strongly correlates with survival from HCPS in humans. In this study, we screened 27 ANDV convalescent HCPS patient sera for their capacity to bind and neutralize ANDV in vitro. One patient who showed high neutralizing titer was selected to isolate ANDV-glycoprotein (GP) Abs. ANDV-GP-specific memory B cells were single cell sorted, and recombinant immunoglobulin G antibodies were cloned and produced. Two monoclonal Abs (mAbs), JL16 and MIB22, potently recognized ANDV-GPs and neutralized ANDV. We examined the post-exposure efficacy of these two mAbs as a monotherapy or in combination therapy in a Syrian hamster model of ANDV-induced HCPS, and both mAbs protected 100% of animals from a lethal challenge dose. These data suggest that monotherapy with mAb JL16 or MIB22, or a cocktail of both, could be an effective post-exposure treatment for patients infected with ANDV-induced HCPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose L Garrido
- Faculty of Biological Science, Department of Microbiology, Center of Biotechnology, Universidad de Concepción, 4070386 Concepción, Chile
- Ichor Biologics LLC, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Joseph Prescott
- Arthropod and Infectious Disease Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
- Comparative Immunology of Risk Group-4 Viruses, Center for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, Robert Koch Institute, Nordufer 20, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Mario Calvo
- Institute of Medicine, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5110566, Chile
| | - Felipe Bravo
- Faculty of Biological Science, Department of Microbiology, Center of Biotechnology, Universidad de Concepción, 4070386 Concepción, Chile
- Ichor Biologics LLC, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | | | - Alexis Salas
- Faculty of Biological Science, Department of Pharmacology, Universidad de Concepción, 4070386 Concepción, Chile
| | - Raul Riquelme
- Hospital Regional Dr. Eduardo Schütz, Puerto Montt 5507798, Chile
| | - Maria L Rioseco
- Hospital Regional Dr. Eduardo Schütz, Puerto Montt 5507798, Chile
| | - Brandi N Williamson
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, Hamilton, MT 59840, USA
| | - Elaine Haddock
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, Hamilton, MT 59840, USA
| | - Heinz Feldmann
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, Hamilton, MT 59840, USA
| | - Maria I Barria
- Faculty of Biological Science, Department of Microbiology, Center of Biotechnology, Universidad de Concepción, 4070386 Concepción, Chile.
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Herd immunity: hyperimmune globulins for the 21st century. THE LANCET INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2018; 18:361-363. [PMID: 29329956 PMCID: PMC7158990 DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(18)30003-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Llah ST, Mir S, Sharif S, Khan S, Mir MA. Hantavirus induced cardiopulmonary syndrome: A public health concern. J Med Virol 2018; 90:1003-1009. [PMID: 29446472 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.25054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome is characterized by pulmonary capillary leakage and alveolar flooding, resulting in 50% mortality due to fulminant hypoxic respiratory failure. In addition, depression of cardiac function ensues, which complicates the picture with cardiogenic shock. Early diagnosis and appropriate use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) are amongst the lifesaving interventions in this fatal illness. However, a recent case report demonstrates that implementation of high volume continuous hemofilteration along with protective ventilation reverses the cardiogenic shock within few hours in hantavirus infected patients. This review article is focused on the recent advances in clinical features, diagnosis, management, epidemiology, and pathogenesis of hantavirus induced cardiopulmonary syndrome. It provides information for clinicians to help in correct diagnosis during the early stages of viral infection that could improve the prognosis of this viral illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sibghat T Llah
- Saint Joseph's Hospital Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Sheema Mir
- Applied BioCode, Santa Fe Springs, Calofornia
| | | | - Salman Khan
- University of Arkansas For Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arizona
| | - Mohammed A Mir
- Saint Joseph's Hospital Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona
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Jiang DB, Zhang JP, Cheng LF, Zhang GW, Li Y, Li ZC, Lu ZH, Zhang ZX, Lu YC, Zheng LH, Zhang FL, Yang K. Hantavirus Gc induces long-term immune protection via LAMP-targeting DNA vaccine strategy. Antiviral Res 2018; 150:174-182. [PMID: 29273568 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2017.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Revised: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) occurs widely throughout Eurasia. Unfortunately, there is no effective treatment, and prophylaxis remains the best option against the major pathogenic agent, hantaan virus (HTNV), which is an Old World hantavirus. However, the absence of cellular immune responses and immunological memory hampers acceptance of the current inactivated HFRS vaccine. Previous studies revealed that a lysosome-associated membrane protein 1 (LAMP1)-targeting strategy involving a DNA vaccine based on the HTNV glycoprotein Gn successfully conferred long-term immunity, and indicated that further research on Gc, another HTNV antigen, was warranted. Plasmids encoding Gc and lysosome-targeted Gc, designated pVAX-Gc and pVAX-LAMP/Gc, respectively, were constructed. Proteins of interest were identified by fluorescence microscopy following cell line transfection. Five groups of 20 female BALB/c mice were subjected to the following inoculations: inactivated HTNV vaccine, pVAX-LAMP/Gc, pVAX-Gc, and, as the negative controls, pVAX-LAMP or the blank vector pVAX1. Humoral and cellular immunity were assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) and 15-mer peptide enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISpot) epitope mapping assays. Repeated immunization with pVAX-LAMP/Gc enhanced adaptive immune responses, as demonstrated by the specific and neutralizing antibody titers and increased IFN-γ production. The inactivated vaccine induced a comparable humoral reaction, but the negative controls only elicited insignificant responses. Using a mouse model of HTNV challenge, the in vivo protection conferred by the inactivated vaccine and Gc-based constructs (with/without LAMP recombination) was confirmed. Evidence of pan-epitope reactions highlighted the long-term cellular response to the LAMP-targeting strategy, and histological observations indicated the safety of the LAMP-targeting vaccines. The long-term protective immune responses induced by pVAX-LAMP/Gc may be due to the advantage afforded by lysosomal targeting after exogenous antigen processing initiation and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II antigen presentation trafficking. MHC II-restricted antigen recognition effectively primes HTNV-specific CD4+ T-cells, leading to the promotion of significant immune responses and immunological memory. An epitope-spreading phenomenon was observed, which mirrors the previous result from the Gn study, in which the dominant IFN-γ-responsive hot-spot epitopes were shared between HLA-II and H2d. Importantly, the pan-epitope reaction to Gc indicated that Gc should be with potential for use in further hantavirus DNA vaccine investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Bo Jiang
- Department of Immunology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jin-Peng Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China; Brigade of Cadet, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lin-Feng Cheng
- Department of Microbiology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Guan-Wen Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China; Brigade of Cadet, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yun Li
- Department of Immunology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China; Brigade of Cadet, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zi-Chao Li
- Department of Immunology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China; Brigade of Cadet, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhen-Hua Lu
- Department of Immunology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China; Brigade of Cadet, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zi-Xin Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China; Brigade of Cadet, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yu-Chen Lu
- Department of Immunology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China; Brigade of Cadet, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lian-He Zheng
- Department of Orthopedics, Tangdu Hospital, Xi'an, China.
| | - Fang-Lin Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Kun Yang
- Department of Immunology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
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Abstract
Antibodies have been used for over a century prophylactically and, less often, therapeutically against viruses. 'Super-antibodies' — a new generation of highly potent and/or broadly cross-reactive human monoclonal antibodies — offer new opportunities for prophylaxis and therapy of viral infections. Super-antibodies are typically generated infrequently and/or in a limited number of individuals during natural infections. Isolation of these antibodies has primarily been achieved by large-scale screening for suitable donors and new single B cell approaches to human monoclonal antibody generation. Super-antibodies may offer the possibility of treating multiple viruses of a given family with a single reagent. They are also valuable templates for rational vaccine design. The great potency of super-antibodies has many advantages for practical development as therapeutic reagents. These advantages can be enhanced by a variety of antibody engineering technologies.
So-called super-antibodies are highly potent, broadly reactive antiviral antibodies that offer promise for the treatment of various chronic and emerging viruses. This Review describes how recent technological advances led to their isolation from rare, infected individuals and their development for the prevention and treatment of various viral infections. Antibodies have been used for more than 100 years in the therapy of infectious diseases, but a new generation of highly potent and/or broadly cross-reactive human monoclonal antibodies (sometimes referred to as 'super-antibodies') offers new opportunities for intervention. The isolation of these antibodies, most of which are rarely induced in human infections, has primarily been achieved by large-scale screening for suitable donors and new single B cell approaches to human monoclonal antibody generation. Engineering the antibodies to improve half-life and effector functions has further augmented their in vivo activity in some cases. Super-antibodies offer promise for the prophylaxis and therapy of infections with a range of viruses, including those that are highly antigenically variable and those that are newly emerging or that have pandemic potential. The next few years will be decisive in the realization of the promise of super-antibodies.
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Stein DR, Golden JW, Griffin BD, Warner BM, Ranadheera C, Scharikow L, Sloan A, Frost KL, Kobasa D, Booth SA, Josleyn M, Ballantyne J, Sullivan E, Jiao JA, Wu H, Wang Z, Hooper JW, Safronetz D. Human polyclonal antibodies produced in transchromosomal cattle prevent lethal Zika virus infection and testicular atrophy in mice. Antiviral Res 2017; 146:164-173. [PMID: 28893603 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2017.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) is rapidly spreading throughout the Americas and is associated with significant fetal complications, most notably microcephaly. Treatment with polyclonal antibodies for pregnant women at risk of ZIKV-related complications could be a safe alternative to vaccination. We found that large quantities of human polyclonal antibodies could be rapidly produced in transchromosomal bovines (TcB) and successfully used to protect mice from lethal infection. Additionally, antibody treatment eliminated ZIKV induced tissue damage in immunologically privileged sites such as the brain and testes and protected against testicular atrophy. These data indicate that rapid development and deployment of human polyclonal antibodies could be a viable countermeasure against ZIKV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek R Stein
- Zoonotic Diseases and Special Pathogens, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Joseph W Golden
- Virology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD, USA
| | - Bryan D Griffin
- Zoonotic Diseases and Special Pathogens, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada; Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Bryce M Warner
- Zoonotic Diseases and Special Pathogens, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada; Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Charlene Ranadheera
- Zoonotic Diseases and Special Pathogens, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Leanne Scharikow
- Zoonotic Diseases and Special Pathogens, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Angela Sloan
- Zoonotic Diseases and Special Pathogens, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Kathy L Frost
- Zoonotic Diseases and Special Pathogens, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Darwyn Kobasa
- Zoonotic Diseases and Special Pathogens, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada; Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Stephanie A Booth
- Zoonotic Diseases and Special Pathogens, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada; Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Matthew Josleyn
- Virology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD, USA
| | | | | | | | - Hua Wu
- SAB Biotherapeutics, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
| | - Zhongde Wang
- Department of Animal, Dairy and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA
| | - Jay W Hooper
- Virology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD, USA
| | - David Safronetz
- Zoonotic Diseases and Special Pathogens, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada; Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
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Tian JH, Glenn G, Flyer D, Zhou B, Liu Y, Sullivan E, Wu H, Cummings JF, Elllingsworth L, Smith G. Clostridium difficile chimeric toxin receptor binding domain vaccine induced protection against different strains in active and passive challenge models. Vaccine 2017; 35:4079-4087. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.06.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Revised: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Antibody Preparations from Human Transchromosomic Cows Exhibit Prophylactic and Therapeutic Efficacy against Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis Virus. J Virol 2017; 91:JVI.00226-17. [PMID: 28468884 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00226-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV) is a mosquito-borne RNA virus that causes low mortality but high morbidity rates in humans. In addition to natural outbreaks, there is the potential for exposure to VEEV via aerosolized virus particles. There are currently no FDA-licensed vaccines or antiviral therapies for VEEV. Passive immunotherapy is an approved method used to protect individuals against several pathogens and toxins. Human polyclonal antibodies (PAbs) are ideal, but this is dependent upon serum from convalescent human donors, which is in limited supply. Non-human-derived PAbs can have serious immunoreactivity complications, and when "humanized," these antibodies may exhibit reduced neutralization efficiency. To address these issues, transchromosomic (Tc) bovines have been created, which can produce potent neutralizing human antibodies in response to hyperimmunization. In these studies, we have immunized these bovines with different VEEV immunogens and evaluated the protective efficacy of purified preparations of the resultant human polyclonal antisera against low- and high-dose VEEV challenges. These studies demonstrate that prophylactic or therapeutic administration of the polyclonal antibody preparations (TcPAbs) can protect mice against lethal subcutaneous or aerosol challenge with VEEV. Furthermore, significant protection against unrelated coinfecting viral pathogens can be conferred by combining individual virus-specific TcPAb preparations.IMPORTANCE With the globalization and spread or potential aerosol release of emerging infectious diseases, it will be critical to develop platforms that are able to produce therapeutics in a short time frame. By using a transchromosomic (Tc) bovine platform, it is theoretically possible to produce antigen-specific highly neutralizing therapeutic polyclonal human antibody (TcPAb) preparations in 6 months or less. In this study, we demonstrate that Tc bovine-derived Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV)-specific TcPAbs are highly effective against VEEV infection that mimics not only the natural route of infection but also infection via aerosol exposure. Additionally, we show that combinatorial TcPAb preparations can be used to treat coinfections with divergent pathogens, demonstrating that the Tc bovine platform could be beneficial in areas where multiple infectious diseases occur contemporaneously or in the case of multipathogen release.
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Morrison BJ, Roman JA, Luke TC, Nagabhushana N, Raviprakash K, Williams M, Sun P. Antibody-dependent NK cell degranulation as a marker for assessing antibody-dependent cytotoxicity against pandemic 2009 influenza A(H1N1) infection in human plasma and influenza-vaccinated transchromosomic bovine intravenous immunoglobulin therapy. J Virol Methods 2017. [PMID: 28624584 PMCID: PMC7113754 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2017.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Assay that assesses influenza antibodies capable of NK cell degranulation. Description of NK cell degranulation titer determination by CD107a expression. Positive correlation between influenza HAI titers and NK cell degranulation titers. Transchromosomic bovine intravenous immunoglobulin therapy has high NK cell titer.
This study describes an antibody-dependent NK cell degranulation assay, as a biomarker to assess antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) response in influenza plasma and for antibody therapies against influenza infection. The concentration of neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) against the hemagglutinin receptor of influenza viruses is a current determinant in protection against infection, particularly following receipt of the seasonal influenza vaccine. However, this is a limited assessment of protection, because: (i) NAb titers that incur full protection vary; and (ii) NAb titers do not account for the entire breadth of antibody responses against viral infection. Previous reports have indicated that antibodies that prime ADCC play a vital role in controlling influenza infections, and thus should be quantified for assessing protection against influenza. This report demonstrates a non-radioactive assay that assesses NK cell activation as a marker of ADCC, in which NK cells interact with opsonized viral antigen expressed on the surface of infected Raji target cells resulting in effector cell degranulation (surrogate CD107a expression). A positive correlation was determined between HAI titers and sustained NK cell activation, although NK cell activation was seen in plasma samples with HAI titers below 40 and varied amongst samples with high HAI titers. Furthermore, sustained NK cell degranulation was determined for influenza-vaccinated transchromosomic bovine intravenous immunoglobulin, indicating the potential utility of this therapy for influenza treatment. We conclude that this assay is reproducible and relevant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian J Morrison
- Viral and Rickettsial Diseases Department, Infectious Diseases Directorate, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, MD, USA.
| | - Jessica A Roman
- Viral and Rickettsial Diseases Department, Infectious Diseases Directorate, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Thomas C Luke
- Viral and Rickettsial Diseases Department, Infectious Diseases Directorate, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Nishith Nagabhushana
- Viral and Rickettsial Diseases Department, Infectious Diseases Directorate, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Kanakatte Raviprakash
- Viral and Rickettsial Diseases Department, Infectious Diseases Directorate, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Maya Williams
- Viral and Rickettsial Diseases Department, Infectious Diseases Directorate, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Peifang Sun
- Viral and Rickettsial Diseases Department, Infectious Diseases Directorate, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, MD, USA
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Jiang DB, Sun LJ, Cheng LF, Zhang JP, Xiao SB, Sun YJ, Yang SY, Wang J, Zhang FL, Yang K. Recombinant DNA vaccine of Hantavirus Gn and LAMP1 induced long-term immune protection in mice. Antiviral Res 2017; 138:32-39. [PMID: 27923570 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2016.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Revised: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prophylaxis is widely adopted the best choice against Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) caused by Hantavirus. However, loss of memory immune response maintenance remains as major shortcoming in current HFRS vaccine. A recombinant DNA vaccine, pVAX-LAMP/Gn was previously proved efficient, requiring long-term evaluations. METHODS & RESULTS Immune responses of Balb/c mice were assessed by specific and neutralizing antibodies, interferon-γ ELISpot assay, and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte cytotoxicity assay. HTNV-challenge assay identified long-term protection. Safety was confirmed by histological and behavioral analysis. Epitope-spreading phenomenon was noted, revealing two sets of dominant T-cell epitopes cross-species. CONCLUSION pVAX-LAMP/Gn established memory responses within a long-term protection. Lysosome-targeted strategy showed promise on Gn-based DNA vaccine and further investigations are warranted in other immunogenic Hantaviral antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Bo Jiang
- Department of Immunology, Fourth Military Medical University, No.169, Changle W. Rd., Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Li-Juan Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, No.169, Changle W. Rd., Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Lin-Feng Cheng
- Department of Microbiology, Fourth Military Medical University, No.169, Changle W. Rd., Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Jin-Peng Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Fourth Military Medical University, No.169, Changle W. Rd., Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Shao-Bo Xiao
- Department of Immunology, Fourth Military Medical University, No.169, Changle W. Rd., Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Yuan-Jie Sun
- Department of Immunology, Fourth Military Medical University, No.169, Changle W. Rd., Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Shu-Ya Yang
- Department of Immunology, Fourth Military Medical University, No.169, Changle W. Rd., Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Immunology, Fourth Military Medical University, No.169, Changle W. Rd., Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Fang-Lin Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, Fourth Military Medical University, No.169, Changle W. Rd., Xi'an, 710032, China.
| | - Kun Yang
- Department of Immunology, Fourth Military Medical University, No.169, Changle W. Rd., Xi'an, 710032, China.
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Luke T, Wu H, Zhao J, Channappanavar R, Coleman CM, Jiao JA, Matsushita H, Liu Y, Postnikova EN, Ork BL, Glenn G, Flyer D, Defang G, Raviprakash K, Kochel T, Wang J, Nie W, Smith G, Hensley LE, Olinger GG, Kuhn JH, Holbrook MR, Johnson RF, Perlman S, Sullivan E, Frieman MB. Human polyclonal immunoglobulin G from transchromosomic bovines inhibits MERS-CoV in vivo. Sci Transl Med 2016; 8:326ra21. [PMID: 26888429 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aaf1061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
As of 13 November 2015, 1618 laboratory-confirmed human cases of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection, including 579 deaths, had been reported to the World Health Organization. No specific preventive or therapeutic agent of proven value against MERS-CoV is currently available. Public Health England and the International Severe Acute Respiratory and Emerging Infection Consortium identified passive immunotherapy with neutralizing antibodies as a treatment approach that warrants priority study. Two experimental MERS-CoV vaccines were used to vaccinate two groups of transchromosomic (Tc) bovines that were genetically modified to produce large quantities of fully human polyclonal immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies. Vaccination with a clade A γ-irradiated whole killed virion vaccine (Jordan strain) or a clade B spike protein nanoparticle vaccine (Al-Hasa strain) resulted in Tc bovine sera with high enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and neutralizing antibody titers in vitro. Two purified Tc bovine human IgG immunoglobulins (Tc hIgG), SAB-300 (produced after Jordan strain vaccination) and SAB-301 (produced after Al-Hasa strain vaccination), also had high ELISA and neutralizing antibody titers without antibody-dependent enhancement in vitro. SAB-301 was selected for in vivo and preclinical studies. Administration of single doses of SAB-301 12 hours before or 24 and 48 hours after MERS-CoV infection (Erasmus Medical Center 2012 strain) of Ad5-hDPP4 receptor-transduced mice rapidly resulted in viral lung titers near or below the limit of detection. Tc bovines, combined with the ability to quickly produce Tc hIgG and develop in vitro assays and animal model(s), potentially offer a platform to rapidly produce a therapeutic to prevent and/or treat MERS-CoV infection and/or other emerging infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Luke
- Viral and Rickettsial Diseases Department, Navy Medical Research Center, The Henry Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA.
| | - Hua Wu
- SAB Biotherapeutics Inc., Sioux Falls, SD 57104, USA
| | - Jincun Zhao
- Department of Microbiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA. State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | | | - Christopher M Coleman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Jin-An Jiao
- SAB Biotherapeutics Inc., Sioux Falls, SD 57104, USA
| | | | - Ye Liu
- Novavax Inc., Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA
| | - Elena N Postnikova
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Britini L Ork
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | | | | | - Gabriel Defang
- Department of Virology, Naval Medical Research Unit-3, Cairo FPO AP 09835, Egypt
| | | | - Tadeusz Kochel
- Viral and Rickettsial Diseases Department, Navy Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA.
| | - Jonathan Wang
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Wensheng Nie
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Gale Smith
- Novavax Inc., Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA
| | - Lisa E Hensley
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Gene G Olinger
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Jens H Kuhn
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Michael R Holbrook
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Reed F Johnson
- Emerging Viral Pathogens Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Stanley Perlman
- Department of Microbiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | | | - Matthew B Frieman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
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Valdivieso F, Gonzalez C, Najera M, Olea A, Cuiza A, Aguilera X, Mertz G. Knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding hantavirus disease and acceptance of a vaccine trial in rural communities of southern Chile. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2016; 13:808-815. [PMID: 27830976 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2016.1250989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Andes hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome, transmitted by Oligoryzomys longicaudatus, has no approved treatment, a case fatality rate of 35%, and documented person-to-person transmission. An Andes vaccine, highly needed for prevention, is in development. We aimed to evaluate knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) regarding hantavirus disease and willingness to participate in a future Andes vaccine trials through a cross sectional face-to-face oral survey of a randomly selected adult sample from 2 rural communes in southern Chile. Human subjects approval was obtained from our institutional IRBs, and participants signed informed consent. We enrolled 319 subjects from Corral and 321 from Curarrehue; 98% had heard about hantavirus disease and its reservoir but only half knew about transmission, symptoms and prevention. Participants fear the disease but are only partially aware of their own risk. One third of participants reported presence of rodents inside their homes. Despite moderate confidence in their health system, most subjects perceived vaccines as beneficial, and 93% would accept an approved hantavirus vaccine. Half would agree to participate in a vaccine trial and 29% would allow their children to participate. Motivations to participate were mainly altruistic, while risk perception was the main reason for declining. Knowledge about hantavirus disease and prevention practices require reinforcement, and a vaccine trial seems feasible in these populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisca Valdivieso
- a Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo, Lo Barnechea , Santiago , Chile
| | - Claudia Gonzalez
- a Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo, Lo Barnechea , Santiago , Chile
| | - Manuel Najera
- a Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo, Lo Barnechea , Santiago , Chile
| | - Andrea Olea
- a Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo, Lo Barnechea , Santiago , Chile
| | - Analia Cuiza
- a Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo, Lo Barnechea , Santiago , Chile
| | - Ximena Aguilera
- a Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo, Lo Barnechea , Santiago , Chile
| | - Gregory Mertz
- b University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque , NM , USA
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Papa A, Vaheri A, LeDuc JW, Krüger DH, Avšič-Županc T, Arikawa J, Song JW, Markotić A, Clement J, Liang M, Li D, Yashina LN, Jonsson CB, Schmaljohn CS. Meeting report: Tenth International Conference on Hantaviruses. Antiviral Res 2016; 133:234-41. [PMID: 27544703 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2016.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The 10th International Conference on Hantaviruses, organized by the International Society on Hantaviruses, was held from May 31-June 3, 2016 at Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA. These conferences have been held every three years since 1980. The current report summarizes research presented on all aspects of hantavirology: ecology and epidemiology, virus replication, phylogeny, pathogenesis, immune response, clinical studies, vaccines and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Papa
- Department of Microbiology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Antti Vaheri
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - James W LeDuc
- Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Detlev H Krüger
- Institute of Medical Virology, University Hospital Charité, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tatjana Avšič-Županc
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jiro Arikawa
- Department of Microbiology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Jin-Won Song
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Alemka Markotić
- Research Department, University Hospital for Infectious Diseases "Dr. Fran Mihaljevic", Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jan Clement
- Laboratory of Clinical and Epidemiological Virology and Rega Institute for Medical Research, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mifang Liang
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, Beijing, China
| | - Dexin Li
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, Beijing, China
| | - Liudmila N Yashina
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology "Vector", Koltsovo, Russia
| | - Colleen B Jonsson
- Department of Microbiology, University of Tennessee-Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Connie S Schmaljohn
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD, USA
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Production of Potent Fully Human Polyclonal Antibodies against Ebola Zaire Virus in Transchromosomal Cattle. Sci Rep 2016; 6:24897. [PMID: 27109916 PMCID: PMC4842964 DOI: 10.1038/srep24897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyclonal antibodies, derived from humans or hyperimmunized animals, have been used prophylactically or therapeutically as countermeasures for a variety of infectious diseases. SAB Biotherapeutics has successfully developed a transchromosomic (Tc) bovine platform technology that can produce fully human immunoglobulins rapidly, and in substantial quantities, against a variety of disease targets. In this study, two Tc bovines expressing high levels of fully human IgG were hyperimmunized with a recombinant glycoprotein (GP) vaccine consisting of the 2014 Ebola virus (EBOV) Makona isolate. Serum collected from these hyperimmunized Tc bovines contained high titers of human IgG against EBOV GP as determined by GP specific ELISA, surface plasmon resonance (SPR), and virus neutralization assays. Fully human polyclonal antibodies against EBOV were purified and evaluated in a mouse challenge model using mouse adapted Ebola virus (maEBOV). Intraperitoneal administration of the purified anti-EBOV IgG (100 mg/kg) to BALB/c mice one day after lethal challenge with maEBOV resulted in 90% protection; whereas 100% of the control animals succumbed. The results show that hyperimmunization of Tc bovines with EBOV GP can elicit protective and potent neutralizing fully human IgG antibodies rapidly and in commercially viable quantities.
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Glycoprotein-Specific Antibodies Produced by DNA Vaccination Protect Guinea Pigs from Lethal Argentine and Venezuelan Hemorrhagic Fever. J Virol 2016; 90:3515-29. [PMID: 26792737 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02969-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Several members of the Arenaviridae can cause acute febrile diseases in humans, often resulting in lethality. The use of convalescent-phase human plasma is an effective treatment in humans infected with arenaviruses, particularly species found in South America. Despite this, little work has focused on developing potent and defined immunotherapeutics against arenaviruses. In the present study, we produced arenavirus neutralizing antibodies by DNA vaccination of rabbits with plasmids encoding the full-length glycoprotein precursors of Junín virus (JUNV), Machupo virus (MACV), and Guanarito virus (GTOV). Geometric mean neutralizing antibody titers, as measured by the 50% plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT(50)), exceeded 5,000 against homologous viruses. Antisera against each targeted virus exhibited limited cross-species binding and, to a lesser extent, cross-neutralization. Anti-JUNV glycoprotein rabbit antiserum protected Hartley guinea pigs from lethal intraperitoneal infection with JUNV strain Romero when the antiserum was administered 2 days after challenge and provided some protection (∼30%) when administered 4 days after challenge. Treatment starting on day 6 did not protect animals. We further formulated an IgG antibody cocktail by combining anti-JUNV, -MACV, and -GTOV antibodies produced in DNA-vaccinated rabbits. This cocktail protected 100% of guinea pigs against JUNV and GTOV lethal disease. We then expanded on this cocktail approach by simultaneously vaccinating rabbits with a combination of plasmids encoding glycoproteins from JUNV, MACV, GTOV, and Sabia virus (SABV). Sera collected from rabbits vaccinated with the combination vaccine neutralized all four targets. These findings support the concept of using a DNA vaccine approach to generate a potent pan-arenavirus immunotherapeutic. IMPORTANCE Arenaviruses are an important family of emerging viruses. In infected humans, convalescent-phase plasma containing neutralizing antibodies can mitigate the severity of disease caused by arenaviruses, particularly species found in South America. Because of variations in potency of the human-derived product, limited availability, and safety concerns, this treatment option has essentially been abandoned. Accordingly, despite this approach being an effective postinfection treatment option, research on novel approaches to produce potent polyclonal antibody-based therapies have been deficient. Here we show that DNA-based vaccine technology can be used to make potently neutralizing antibodies in rabbits that exclusively target the glycoproteins of several human-pathogenic arenaviruses found in South America, including JUNV, MACV, GTOV, and SABV. These antibodies protected guinea pigs from lethal disease when given post-virus challenge. We also generated a purified antibody cocktail with antibodies targeting three arenaviruses and demonstrated protective efficacy against all three targets. Our findings demonstrate that use of the DNA vaccine technology could be used to produce candidate antiarenavirus neutralizing antibody-based products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nigel J Temperton
- Viral Pseudotype Unit (VPU), School of Pharmacy, University of Kent, Chatham Maritime, UK
| | - Mark Page
- Division of Virology, NIBSC, South Mimms, Hertfordshire, UK
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Bounds CE, Kwilas SA, Kuehne AI, Brannan JM, Bakken RR, Dye JM, Hooper JW, Dupuy LC, Ellefsen B, Hannaman D, Wu H, Jiao JA, Sullivan EJ, Schmaljohn CS. Human Polyclonal Antibodies Produced through DNA Vaccination of Transchromosomal Cattle Provide Mice with Post-Exposure Protection against Lethal Zaire and Sudan Ebolaviruses. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0137786. [PMID: 26422247 PMCID: PMC4589376 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0137786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 08/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA vaccination of transchromosomal bovines (TcBs) with DNA vaccines expressing the codon-optimized (co) glycoprotein (GP) genes of Ebola virus (EBOV) and Sudan virus (SUDV) produce fully human polyclonal antibodies (pAbs) that recognize both viruses and demonstrate robust neutralizing activity. Each TcB was vaccinated by intramuscular electroporation (IM-EP) a total of four times and at each administration received 10 mg of the EBOV-GPco DNA vaccine and 10 mg of the SUDV-GPco DNA vaccine at two sites on the left and right sides, respectively. After two vaccinations, robust antibody responses (titers > 1000) were detected by ELISA against whole irradiated EBOV or SUDV and recombinant EBOV-GP or SUDV-GP (rGP) antigens, with higher titers observed for the rGP antigens. Strong, virus neutralizing antibody responses (titers >1000) were detected after three vaccinations when measured by vesicular stomatitis virus-based pseudovirion neutralization assay (PsVNA). Maximal neutralizing antibody responses were identified by traditional plaque reduction neutralization tests (PRNT) after four vaccinations. Neutralizing activity of human immunoglobulins (IgG) purified from TcB plasma collected after three vaccinations and injected intraperitoneally (IP) into mice at a 100 mg/kg dose was detected in the serum by PsVNA up to 14 days after administration. Passive transfer by IP injection of the purified IgG (100 mg/kg) to groups of BALB/c mice one day after IP challenge with mouse adapted (ma) EBOV resulted in 80% protection while all mice treated with non-specific pAbs succumbed. Similarly, interferon receptor 1 knockout (IFNAR -/-) mice receiving the purified IgG (100 mg/kg) by IP injection one day after IP challenge with wild type SUDV resulted in 89% survival. These results are the first to demonstrate that filovirus GP DNA vaccines administered to TcBs by IM-EP can elicit neutralizing antibodies that provide post-exposure protection. Additionally, these data describe production of fully human IgG in a large animal system, a system which is capable of producing large quantities of a clinical grade therapeutic product.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Animals, Genetically Modified
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/immunology
- Antibodies, Viral/metabolism
- Cattle/genetics
- Cattle/immunology
- Chromosomes, Artificial, Human/genetics
- Democratic Republic of the Congo
- Ebola Vaccines/immunology
- Ebolavirus/immunology
- Female
- Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola/prevention & control
- Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola/virology
- Humans
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Knockout
- Post-Exposure Prophylaxis/methods
- Receptor, Interferon alpha-beta/genetics
- Sudan
- Vaccination/methods
- Vaccines, DNA/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Callie E. Bounds
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Steven A. Kwilas
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Ana I. Kuehne
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jennifer M. Brannan
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Russell R. Bakken
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - John M. Dye
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jay W. Hooper
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Lesley C. Dupuy
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Barry Ellefsen
- Ichor Medical Systems, Inc., San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Drew Hannaman
- Ichor Medical Systems, Inc., San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Hua Wu
- SAB Biotherapeutics, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, United States of America
| | - Jin-an Jiao
- SAB Biotherapeutics, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, United States of America
| | - Eddie J. Sullivan
- SAB Biotherapeutics, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, United States of America
| | - Connie S. Schmaljohn
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Animal Models for the Study of Rodent-Borne Hemorrhagic Fever Viruses: Arenaviruses and Hantaviruses. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:793257. [PMID: 26266264 PMCID: PMC4523679 DOI: 10.1155/2015/793257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 06/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Human pathogenic hantaviruses and arenaviruses are maintained in nature by persistent infection of rodent carrier populations. Several members of these virus groups can cause significant disease in humans that is generically termed viral hemorrhagic fever (HF) and is characterized as a febrile illness with an increased propensity to cause acute inflammation. Human interaction with rodent carrier populations leads to infection. Arenaviruses are also viewed as potential biological weapons threat agents. There is an increased interest in studying these viruses in animal models to gain a deeper understating not only of viral pathogenesis, but also for the evaluation of medical countermeasures (MCM) to mitigate disease threats. In this review, we examine current knowledge regarding animal models employed in the study of these viruses. We include analysis of infection models in natural reservoirs and also discuss the impact of strain heterogeneity on the susceptibility of animals to infection. This information should provide a comprehensive reference for those interested in the study of arenaviruses and hantaviruses not only for MCM development but also in the study of viral pathogenesis and the biology of these viruses in their natural reservoirs.
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Poliquin PG, Drebot M, Grolla A, Jones SE, Larke B, Strong JE. Therapeutic Approaches for New World Hantaviruses. CURRENT TREATMENT OPTIONS IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s40506-015-0047-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Schönrich G, Krüger DH, Raftery MJ. Hantavirus-induced disruption of the endothelial barrier: neutrophils are on the payroll. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:222. [PMID: 25859243 PMCID: PMC4373389 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2014] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Viral hemorrhagic fever caused by hantaviruses is an emerging infectious disease for which suitable treatments are not available. In order to improve this situation a better understanding of hantaviral pathogenesis is urgently required. Hantaviruses infect endothelial cell layers in vitro without causing any cytopathogenic effect and without increasing permeability. This implies that the mechanisms underlying vascular hyperpermeability in hantavirus-associated disease are more complex and that immune mechanisms play an important role. In this review we highlight the latest developments in hantavirus-induced immunopathogenesis. A possible contribution of neutrophils has been neglected so far. For this reason, we place special emphasis on the pathogenic role of neutrophils in disrupting the endothelial barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Günther Schönrich
- Institute of Medical Virology, Helmut-Ruska-Haus, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin , Berlin, Germany
| | - Detlev H Krüger
- Institute of Medical Virology, Helmut-Ruska-Haus, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin , Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin J Raftery
- Institute of Medical Virology, Helmut-Ruska-Haus, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin , Berlin, Germany
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