1
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Kenney LL, Chiu RSY, Dutra MN, Wactor A, Honan C, Shelerud L, Corrigan JJ, Yu K, Ferrari JD, Jeffrey KL, Huang E, Stein PL. mRNA-delivery of IDO1 suppresses T cell-mediated autoimmunity. Cell Rep Med 2024; 5:101717. [PMID: 39243754 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2024.101717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 09/09/2024]
Abstract
Indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase (IDO)1 degrades tryptophan, obtained through dietary intake, into immunoregulatory metabolites of the kynurenine pathway. Deficiency or blockade of IDO1 results in the enhancement of autoimmune severity in rodent models and increased susceptibility to developing autoimmunity in humans. Despite this, therapeutic modalities that leverage IDO1 for the treatment of autoimmunity remain limited. Here, we use messenger (m)RNA formulated in lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) to deliver a human IDO1 variant containing the myristoylation site of Src to anchor the protein to the inner face of the plasma membrane. This membrane-anchored IDO1 has increased protein production, leading to increased metabolite changes, and ultimately ameliorates disease in three models of T cell-mediated autoimmunity: experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), rat collagen-induced arthritis (CIA), and acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD). The efficacy of IDO1 is correlated with hepatic expression and systemic tryptophan depletion. Thus, the delivery of membrane-anchored IDO1 by mRNA suppresses the immune response in several well-characterized models of autoimmunity.
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MESH Headings
- Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase/metabolism
- Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase/genetics
- Animals
- Autoimmunity
- Humans
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/immunology
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/genetics
- Rats
- Tryptophan/metabolism
- Graft vs Host Disease/immunology
- Arthritis, Experimental/immunology
- Arthritis, Experimental/genetics
- Arthritis, Experimental/pathology
- Mice
- Nanoparticles/chemistry
- Female
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurie L Kenney
- Immune Therapeutic Discovery, Moderna, Inc., 325 Binney Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | - Rebecca Suet-Yan Chiu
- Immune Therapeutic Discovery, Moderna, Inc., 325 Binney Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Michelle N Dutra
- Immune Therapeutic Discovery, Moderna, Inc., 325 Binney Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Alexandra Wactor
- Immune Therapeutic Discovery, Moderna, Inc., 325 Binney Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Chris Honan
- Immune Therapeutic Discovery, Moderna, Inc., 325 Binney Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Lukas Shelerud
- Immune Therapeutic Discovery, Moderna, Inc., 325 Binney Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Joshua J Corrigan
- Immune Therapeutic Discovery, Moderna, Inc., 325 Binney Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Kelly Yu
- Immune Therapeutic Discovery, Moderna, Inc., 325 Binney Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Joseph D Ferrari
- Immune Therapeutic Discovery, Moderna, Inc., 325 Binney Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Kate L Jeffrey
- Immune Therapeutic Discovery, Moderna, Inc., 325 Binney Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Eric Huang
- Moderna Genomics, Moderna, Inc., 200 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Paul L Stein
- Immune Therapeutic Discovery, Moderna, Inc., 325 Binney Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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2
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Bouzari B, Chugaeva UY, Karampoor S, Mirzaei R. Immunometabolites in viral infections: Action mechanism and function. J Med Virol 2024; 96:e29807. [PMID: 39037069 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
The interplay between viral pathogens and host metabolism plays a pivotal role in determining the outcome of viral infections. Upon viral detection, the metabolic landscape of the host cell undergoes significant changes, shifting from oxidative respiration via the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle to increased aerobic glycolysis. This metabolic shift is accompanied by elevated nutrient accessibility, which is vital for cell function, development, and proliferation. Furthermore, depositing metabolites derived from fatty acids, TCA intermediates, and amino acid catabolism accelerates the immunometabolic transition, facilitating pro-inflammatory and antimicrobial responses. Immunometabolites refer to small molecules involved in cellular metabolism regulating the immune response. These molecules include nutrients, such as glucose and amino acids, along with metabolic intermediates and signaling molecules adenosine, lactate, itaconate, succinate, kynurenine, and prostaglandins. Emerging evidence suggests that immunometabolites released by immune cells establish a complex interaction network within local niches, orchestrating and fine-tuning immune responses during viral diseases. However, our current understanding of the immense capacity of metabolites to convey essential cell signals from one cell to another or within cellular compartments remains incomplete. Unraveling these complexities would be crucial for harnessing the potential of immunometabolites in therapeutic interventions. In this review, we discuss specific immunometabolites and their mechanisms of action in viral infections, emphasizing recent findings and future directions in this rapidly evolving field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behnaz Bouzari
- Department of Pathology, Firouzgar Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Uliana Y Chugaeva
- Department of Pediatric, Preventive Dentistry and Orthodontics, Institute of Dentistry, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Sajad Karampoor
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rasoul Mirzaei
- Venom and Biotherapeutics Molecules Lab, Medical Biotechnology Department, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
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3
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Wu X, Li Y, Wen M, Xie Y, Zeng K, Liu YN, Chen W, Zhao Y. Nanocatalysts for modulating antitumor immunity: fabrication, mechanisms and applications. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:2643-2692. [PMID: 38314836 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00673e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Immunotherapy harnesses the inherent immune system in the body to generate systemic antitumor immunity, offering a promising modality for defending against cancer. However, tumor immunosuppression and evasion seriously restrict the immune response rates in clinical settings. Catalytic nanomedicines can transform tumoral substances/metabolites into therapeutic products in situ, offering unique advantages in antitumor immunotherapy. Through catalytic reactions, both tumor eradication and immune regulation can be simultaneously achieved, favoring the development of systemic antitumor immunity. In recent years, with advancements in catalytic chemistry and nanotechnology, catalytic nanomedicines based on nanozymes, photocatalysts, sonocatalysts, Fenton catalysts, electrocatalysts, piezocatalysts, thermocatalysts and radiocatalysts have been rapidly developed with vast applications in cancer immunotherapy. This review provides an introduction to the fabrication of catalytic nanomedicines with an emphasis on their structures and engineering strategies. Furthermore, the catalytic substrates and state-of-the-art applications of nanocatalysts in cancer immunotherapy have also been outlined and discussed. The relationships between nanostructures and immune regulating performance of catalytic nanomedicines are highlighted to provide a deep understanding of their working mechanisms in the tumor microenvironment. Finally, the challenges and development trends are revealed, aiming to provide new insights for the future development of nanocatalysts in catalytic immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianbo Wu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Micro & Nano Materials Interface Science, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China.
| | - Yuqing Li
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Micro & Nano Materials Interface Science, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China.
| | - Mei Wen
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Micro & Nano Materials Interface Science, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China.
| | - Yongting Xie
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Micro & Nano Materials Interface Science, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China.
| | - Ke Zeng
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Micro & Nano Materials Interface Science, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China.
| | - You-Nian Liu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Micro & Nano Materials Interface Science, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China.
| | - Wansong Chen
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Micro & Nano Materials Interface Science, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China.
| | - Yanli Zhao
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore.
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4
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Kondo M, Kumagai S, Nishikawa H. Metabolic advantages of regulatory T cells dictated by cancer cells. Int Immunol 2024; 36:75-86. [PMID: 37837615 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxad035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells employ glycolysis for their survival and growth (the "Warburg effect"). Consequently, surrounding cells including immune cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME) are exposed to hypoglycemic, hypoxic, and low pH circumstances. Since effector T cells depend on the glycolysis for their survival and functions, the metabolically harsh TME established by cancer cells is unfavorable, resulting in the impairment of effective antitumor immune responses. By contrast, immunosuppressive cells such as regulatory T (Treg) cells can infiltrate, proliferate, survive, and exert immunosuppressive functions in the metabolically harsh TME, indicating the different metabolic dependance between effector T cells and Treg cells. Indeed, some metabolites that are harmful for effector T cells can be utilized by Treg cells; lactic acid, a harmful metabolite for effector T cells, is available for Treg cell proliferation and functions. Deficiency of amino acids such as tryptophan and glutamine in the TME impairs effector T cell activation but increases Treg cell populations. Furthermore, hypoxia upregulates fatty acid oxidation via hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) and promotes Treg cell migration. Adenosine is induced by the ectonucleotidases CD39 and CD73, which are strongly induced by HIF-1α, and reportedly accelerates Treg cell development by upregulating Foxp3 expression in T cells via A2AR-mediated signals. Therefore, this review focuses on the current views of the unique metabolism of Treg cells dictated by cancer cells. In addition, potential cancer combination therapies with immunotherapy and metabolic molecularly targeted reagents that modulate Treg cells in the TME are discussed to develop "immune metabolism-based precision medicine".
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Kondo
- Division of Cancer Immunology, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
- Division of Cancer Immunology, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center (EPOC), National Cancer Center, Chiba 277-8577, Japan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Shogo Kumagai
- Division of Cancer Immunology, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
- Division of Cancer Immunology, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center (EPOC), National Cancer Center, Chiba 277-8577, Japan
- Division of Cellular Signaling, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Hiroyoshi Nishikawa
- Division of Cancer Immunology, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
- Division of Cancer Immunology, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center (EPOC), National Cancer Center, Chiba 277-8577, Japan
- Department of Immunology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
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5
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Cheng H, Zheng Y. Advances in macrophage and T cell metabolic reprogramming and immunotherapy in the tumor microenvironment. PeerJ 2024; 12:e16825. [PMID: 38239299 PMCID: PMC10795528 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Macrophages and T cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME) play an important role in tumorigenesis and progression. However, TME is also characterized by metabolic reprogramming, which may affect macrophage and metabolic activity of T cells and promote tumor escape. Immunotherapy is an approach to fight tumors by stimulating the immune system in the host, but requires support and modulation of cellular metabolism. In this process, the metabolic roles of macrophages and T cells become increasingly important, and their metabolic status and interactions play a critical role in the success of immunotherapy. Therefore, understanding the metabolic state of T cells and macrophages in the TME and the impact of metabolic reprogramming on tumor therapy will help optimize subsequent immunotherapy strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Cheng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yongbin Zheng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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6
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Enriquez AB, Ten Caten F, Ghneim K, Sekaly RP, Sharma AA. Regulation of Immune Homeostasis, Inflammation, and HIV Persistence by the Microbiome, Short-Chain Fatty Acids, and Bile Acids. Annu Rev Virol 2023; 10:397-422. [PMID: 37774124 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-virology-040323-082822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
Despite antiretroviral therapy (ART), people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (PLWH) continue to experience chronic inflammation and immune dysfunction, which drives the persistence of latent HIV and prevalence of clinical comorbidities. Elucidating the mechanisms that lead to suboptimal immunity is necessary for developing therapeutics that improve the quality of life of PLWH. Although previous studies have found associations between gut dysbiosis and immune dysfunction, the cellular/molecular cascades implicated in the manifestation of aberrant immune responses downstream of microbial perturbations in PLWH are incompletely understood. Recent literature has highlighted that two abundant metabolite families, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and bile acids (BAs), play a crucial role in shaping immunity. These metabolites can be produced and/or modified by bacterial species that make up the gut microbiota and may serve as the causal link between changes to the gut microbiome, chronic inflammation, and immune dysfunction in PLWH. In this review, we discuss our current understanding of the role of the microbiome on HIV acquisition and latent HIV persistence despite ART. Further, we describe cellular/molecular cascades downstream of SCFAs and BAs that drive innate or adaptive immune responses responsible for promoting latent HIV persistence in PLWH. This knowledge can be used to advance HIV cure efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Beatriz Enriquez
- Pathology Advanced Translational Research Unit, Department of Pathology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA;
| | - Felipe Ten Caten
- Pathology Advanced Translational Research Unit, Department of Pathology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA;
| | - Khader Ghneim
- Pathology Advanced Translational Research Unit, Department of Pathology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA;
| | - Rafick-Pierre Sekaly
- Pathology Advanced Translational Research Unit, Department of Pathology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA;
| | - Ashish Arunkumar Sharma
- Pathology Advanced Translational Research Unit, Department of Pathology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA;
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7
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Herbert C, Luies L, Loots DT, Williams AA. The metabolic consequences of HIV/TB co-infection. BMC Infect Dis 2023; 23:536. [PMID: 37592227 PMCID: PMC10436461 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-023-08505-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The synergy between the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and Mycobacterium tuberculosis during co-infection of a host is well known. While this synergy is known to be driven by immunological deterioration, the metabolic mechanisms that contribute to the associated disease burden experienced during HIV/tuberculosis (TB) co-infection remain poorly understood. Furthermore, while anti-HIV treatments suppress viral replication, these therapeutics give rise to host metabolic disruption and adaptations beyond that induced by only infection or disease. METHODS In this study, the serum metabolic profiles of healthy controls, untreated HIV-negative TB-positive patients, untreated HIV/TB co-infected patients, and HIV/TB co-infected patients on antiretroviral therapy (ART), were measured using two-dimensional gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Since no global metabolic profile for HIV/TB co-infection and the effect of ART has been published to date, this pilot study aimed to elucidate the general areas of metabolism affected during such conditions. RESULTS HIV/TB co-infection induced significant changes to the host's lipid and protein metabolism, with additional microbial product translocation from the gut to the blood. The results suggest that HIV augments TB synergistically, at least in part, contributing to increased inflammation, oxidative stress, ART-induced mitochondrial damage, and its detrimental effects on gut health, which in turn, affects energy availability. ART reverses these trends to some extent in HIV/TB co-infected patients but not to that of healthy controls. CONCLUSION This study generated several new hypotheses that could direct future metabolic studies, which could be combined with other research techniques or methodologies to further elucidate the underlying mechanisms of these changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandré Herbert
- Human Metabolomics, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Laneke Luies
- Human Metabolomics, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Du Toit Loots
- Human Metabolomics, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
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8
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Yamashita Y, Yasuda I, Tanaka T, Ikeda T, Terada M, Takaki M, Tsuchihashi Y, Asoh N, Ohara Y, Enany S, Kobayashi H, Matsumoto S, Morimoto K. Antigen-specific cytokine profiles for pulmonary Mycobacterium avium complex disease stage diagnosis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1222428. [PMID: 37520555 PMCID: PMC10380938 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1222428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Controlling pulmonary Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) disease is difficult because there is no way to know the clinical stage accurately. There have been few attempts to use cell-mediated immunity for diagnosing the stage. The objective of this study was to characterize cytokine profiles of CD4+T and CD19+B cells that recognize various Mycobacterium avium-associated antigens in different clinical stages of MAC. Methods A total of 47 MAC patients at different stages based on clinical information (14 before-treatment, 16 on-treatment, and 17 after-treatment) and 17 healthy controls were recruited. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were cultured with specific antigens (MAV0968, 1160, 1276, and 4925), and the cytokine profiles (IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-2, IL-10, IL-13, and IL-17) of CD4+/CD3+ and CD19+ cells were analyzed by flow cytometry. Results The response of Th1 cytokines such as IFN-γ and TNF-α against various antigens was significantly higher in both the on-treatment and after-treatment groups than in the before-treatment group and control (P < 0.01-0.0001 and P < 0.05-0.0001). An analysis of polyfunctional T cells suggested that the presence of IL-2 is closely related to the stage after the start of treatment (P = 0.0309-P < 0.0001) and is involved in memory function. Non-Th1 cytokines, such as IL-10 and IL-17, showed significantly higher responses in the before-treatment group (P < 0.0001 and P < 0.01-0.0001). These responses were not observed with purified protein derivative (PPD). CD19+B cells showed a response similar to that of CD4+T cells. Conclusion There is a characteristic cytokine profile at each clinical stage of MAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiro Yamashita
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Nagasaki, Japan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shunkaikai Inoue Hospital, Nagasaki, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Ikkoh Yasuda
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Nagasaki, Japan
- Department of General Internal Medicine and Clinical Infectious Diseases, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Takeshi Tanaka
- Infection Control and Education Center, Nagasaki University Hospital, Nagasaki, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Toru Ikeda
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagasaki Rosai Hospital, Sasebo, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Mayumi Terada
- Department of Internal Medicine, Koseikai Nijigaoka Hospital, Nagasaki, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Masahiro Takaki
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shunkaikai Inoue Hospital, Nagasaki, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Tsuchihashi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Juzenkai Hospital, Nagasaki, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Norichika Asoh
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Juzenkai Hospital, Nagasaki, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Yukiko Ohara
- Department of Bacteriology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medicine, Niigata, Niigata, Japan
| | - Shymaa Enany
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
- Biomedical Research Department, Armed Force College of Medicine, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Haruka Kobayashi
- Department of Bacteriology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medicine, Niigata, Niigata, Japan
| | - Sohkichi Matsumoto
- Department of Bacteriology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medicine, Niigata, Niigata, Japan
| | - Konosuke Morimoto
- Department of Internal Medicine, Koseikai Nijigaoka Hospital, Nagasaki, Nagasaki, Japan
- Department of Respiratory Infectious Disease, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Nagasaki, Japan
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9
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Carmona-Pérez L, Dagenais-Lussier X, Mai LT, Stögerer T, Swaminathan S, Isnard S, Rice MR, Barnes BJ, Routy JP, van Grevenynghe J, Stäger S. The TLR7/IRF-5 axis sensitizes memory CD4+ T cells to Fas-mediated apoptosis during HIV-1 infection. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e167329. [PMID: 37227774 PMCID: PMC10371351 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.167329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
HIV-1 infection is characterized by inflammation and a progressive decline in CD4+ T cell count. Despite treatment with antiretroviral therapy (ART), the majority of people living with HIV (PLWH) maintain residual levels of inflammation, a low degree of immune activation, and higher sensitivity to cell death in their memory CD4+ T cell compartment. To date, the mechanisms responsible for this high sensitivity remain elusive. We have identified the transcription factor IRF-5 to be involved in impairing the maintenance of murine CD4+ T cells during chronic infection. Here, we investigate whether IRF-5 also contributes to memory CD4+ T cell loss during HIV-1 infection. We show that TLR7 and IRF-5 were upregulated in memory CD4+ T cells from PLWH, when compared with naturally protected elite controllers and HIVfree participants. TLR7 was upstream of IRF-5, promoting Caspase 8 expression in CD4+ T cells from ART HIV-1+ but not from HIVfree donors. Interestingly, the TLR7/IRF-5 axis acted synergistically with the Fas/FasL pathway, suggesting that TLR7 and IRF-5 expression in ART HIV-1+ memory CD4+ T cells represents an imprint that predisposes cells to Fas-mediated apoptosis. This predisposition could be blocked using IRF-5 inhibitory peptides, suggesting IRF-5 blockade as a possible therapy to prevent memory CD4+ T cell loss in PLWH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liseth Carmona-Pérez
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, and Infectiopôle-INRS, Laval, Quebec, Canada
| | - Xavier Dagenais-Lussier
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, and Infectiopôle-INRS, Laval, Quebec, Canada
| | - Linh T. Mai
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, and Infectiopôle-INRS, Laval, Quebec, Canada
| | - Tanja Stögerer
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, and Infectiopôle-INRS, Laval, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sharada Swaminathan
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, and Infectiopôle-INRS, Laval, Quebec, Canada
| | - Stéphane Isnard
- Division of Hematology and Chronic Viral Illness Service, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Matthew R. Rice
- Center for Autoimmune Musculoskeletal and Hematopoietic Diseases, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, USA
| | - Betsy J. Barnes
- Center for Autoimmune Musculoskeletal and Hematopoietic Diseases, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, USA
| | - Jean-Pierre Routy
- Division of Hematology and Chronic Viral Illness Service, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Julien van Grevenynghe
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, and Infectiopôle-INRS, Laval, Quebec, Canada
| | - Simona Stäger
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, and Infectiopôle-INRS, Laval, Quebec, Canada
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10
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Nguyen TT, Shin DH, Sohoni S, Singh SK, Rivera-Molina Y, Jiang H, Fan X, Gumin J, Lang FF, Alvarez-Breckenridge C, Godoy-Vitorino F, Zhu L, Zheng WJ, Zhai L, Ladomersky E, Lauing KL, Alonso MM, Wainwright DA, Gomez-Manzano C, Fueyo J. Reshaping the tumor microenvironment with oncolytic viruses, positive regulation of the immune synapse, and blockade of the immunosuppressive oncometabolic circuitry. J Immunother Cancer 2022; 10:e004935. [PMID: 35902132 PMCID: PMC9341188 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2022-004935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oncolytic viruses are considered part of immunotherapy and have shown promise in preclinical experiments and clinical trials. Results from these studies have suggested that tumor microenvironment remodeling is required to achieve an effective response in solid tumors. Here, we assess the extent to which targeting specific mechanisms underlying the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment optimizes viroimmunotherapy. METHODS We used RNA-seq analyses to analyze the transcriptome, and validated the results using Q-PCR, flow cytometry, and immunofluorescence. Viral activity was analyzed by replication assays and viral titration. Kyn and Trp metabolite levels were quantified using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) activation was analyzed by examination of promoter activity. Therapeutic efficacy was assessed by tumor histopathology and survival in syngeneic murine models of gliomas, including Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO)-/- mice. Flow cytometry was used for immunophenotyping and quantification of cell populations. Immune activation was examined in co-cultures of immune and cancer cells. T-cell depletion was used to identify the role played by specific cell populations. Rechallenge experiments were performed to identify the development of anti-tumor memory. RESULTS Bulk RNA-seq analyses showed the activation of the immunosuppressive IDO-kynurenine-AhR circuitry in response to Delta-24-RGDOX infection of tumors. To overcome the effect of this pivotal pathway, we combined Delta-24-RGDOX with clinically relevant IDO inhibitors. The combination therapy increased the frequency of CD8+ T cells and decreased the rate of myeloid-derived suppressor cell and immunosupressive Treg tumor populations in animal models of solid tumors. Functional studies demonstrated that IDO-blockade-dependent activation of immune cells against tumor antigens could be reversed by the oncometabolite kynurenine. The concurrent targeting of the effectors and suppressors of the tumor immune landscape significantly prolonged the survival in animal models of orthotopic gliomas. CONCLUSIONS Our data identified for the first time the in vivo role of IDO-dependent immunosuppressive pathways in the resistance of solid tumors to oncolytic adenoviruses. Specifically, the IDO-Kyn-AhR activity was responsible for the resurface of local immunosuppression and resistance to therapy, which was ablated through IDO inhibition. Our data indicate that combined molecular and immune therapy may improve outcomes in human gliomas and other cancers treated with virotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa T Nguyen
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Dong Ho Shin
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Sagar Sohoni
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Sanjay K Singh
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Yisel Rivera-Molina
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Hong Jiang
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Xuejun Fan
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Joy Gumin
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Frederick F Lang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | | | - Filipa Godoy-Vitorino
- Department of Microbiology and Medical Zoology, University of Puerto Rico School of Medicine, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Lisha Zhu
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Biomedical Informatics, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - W Jim Zheng
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Biomedical Informatics, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Lijie Zhai
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Erik Ladomersky
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Kristen L Lauing
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Marta M Alonso
- Pediatrics, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Program of Solid Tumors, CIMA, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Derek A Wainwright
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Medicine-Hematology/Oncology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Candelaria Gomez-Manzano
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Juan Fueyo
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, Texas, USA
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11
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Abstract
As cancers progress, they produce a local environment that acts to redirect, paralyze, exhaust, or otherwise evade immune detection and destruction. The tumor microenvironment (TME) has long been characterized as a metabolic desert, depleted of essential nutrients such as glucose, oxygen, and amino acids, that starves infiltrating immune cells and renders them dysfunctional. While not incorrect, this perspective is only half the picture. The TME is not a metabolic vacuum, only consuming essential nutrients and never producing by-products. Rather, the by-products of depleted nutrients, "toxic" metabolites in the TME such as lactic acid, kynurenine, ROS, and adenosine, play an important role in shaping immune cell function and cannot be overlooked in cancer immunotherapy. Moreover, while the metabolic landscape is distinct, it is not unique, as these toxic metabolites are encountered in non-tumor tissues, where they evolutionarily shape immune cells and their response. In this Review, we discuss how depletion of essential nutrients and production of toxic metabolites shape the immune response within the TME and how toxic metabolites can be targeted to improve current cancer immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- McLane J. Watson
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Tumor Microenvironment Center, Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Greg M. Delgoffe
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Tumor Microenvironment Center, Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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12
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Immunopathogenesis in HIV-associated pediatric tuberculosis. Pediatr Res 2022; 91:21-26. [PMID: 33731810 PMCID: PMC8446109 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-021-01393-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is an increasing global emergency in human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) patients, in which host immunity is dysregulated and compromised. However, the pathogenesis and efficacy of therapeutic strategies in HIV-associated TB in developing infants are essentially lacking. Bacillus Calmette-Guerin vaccine, an attenuated live strain of Mycobacterium bovis, is not adequately effective, which confers partial protection against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) in infants when administered at birth. However, pediatric HIV infection is most devastating in the disease progression of TB. It remains challenging whether early antiretroviral therapy (ART) could maintain immune development and function, and restore Mtb-specific immune function in HIV-associated TB in children. A better understanding of the immunopathogenesis in HIV-associated pediatric Mtb infection is essential to provide more effective interventions, reducing the risk of morbidity and mortality in HIV-associated Mtb infection in infants. IMPACT: Children living with HIV are more likely prone to opportunistic infection, predisposing high risk of TB diseases. HIV and Mtb coinfection in infants may synergistically accelerate disease progression. Early ART may probably induce immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome and TB pathology in HIV/Mtb coinfected infants.
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13
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Liebenberg C, Luies L, Williams AA. Metabolomics as a Tool to Investigate HIV/TB Co-Infection. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:692823. [PMID: 34746228 PMCID: PMC8565463 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.692823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The HIV/AIDS (human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) and tuberculosis (TB) pandemics are perpetuated by a significant global burden of HIV/TB co-infection. The synergy between HIV and Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) during co-infection of a host is well established. While this synergy is known to be driven by immunological deterioration, the metabolic mechanisms thereof remain poorly understood. Metabolomics has been applied to study various aspects of HIV and Mtb infection separately, yielding insights into infection- and treatment-induced metabolic adaptations experienced by the host. Despite the contributions that metabolomics has made to the field, this approach has not yet been systematically applied to characterize the HIV/TB co-infected state. Considering that limited HIV/TB co-infection metabolomics studies have been published to date, this review briefly summarizes what is known regarding the HIV/TB co-infection synergism from a conventional and metabolomics perspective. It then explores metabolomics as a tool for the improved characterization of HIV/TB co-infection in the context of previously published human-related HIV infection and TB investigations, respectively as well as for addressing the gaps in existing knowledge based on the similarities and deviating trends reported in these HIV infection and TB studies.
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14
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Krupa A, Kowalska I. The Kynurenine Pathway-New Linkage between Innate and Adaptive Immunity in Autoimmune Endocrinopathies. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:9879. [PMID: 34576041 PMCID: PMC8469440 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The kynurenine pathway (KP) is highly regulated in the immune system, where it promotes immunosuppression in response to infection or inflammation. Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1), the main enzyme of KP, has a broad spectrum of activity on immune cells regulation, controlling the balance between stimulation and suppression of the immune system at sites of local inflammation, relevant to a wide range of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. Various autoimmune diseases, among them endocrinopathies, have been identified to date, but despite significant progress in their diagnosis and treatment, they are still associated with significant complications, morbidity, and mortality. The precise cellular and molecular mechanisms leading to the onset and development of autoimmune disease remain poorly clarified so far. In breaking of tolerance, the cells of the innate immunity provide a decisive microenvironment that regulates immune cells' differentiation, leading to activation of adaptive immunity. The current review provided a comprehensive presentation of the known role of IDO1 and KP activation in the regulation of the innate and adaptive arms of the immune system. Significant attention has been paid to the immunoregulatory role of IDO1 in the most prevalent, organ-specific autoimmune endocrinopathies-type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and autoimmune thyroiditis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Krupa
- Department of Internal Medicine and Metabolic Diseases, Medical University of Bialystok, M. Sklodowskiej-Curie 24A, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Irina Kowalska
- Department of Internal Medicine and Metabolic Diseases, Medical University of Bialystok, M. Sklodowskiej-Curie 24A, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland
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15
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Mok DZL, Chan CYY, Ooi EE, Chan KR. The effects of aging on host resistance and disease tolerance to SARS-CoV-2 infection. FEBS J 2021; 288:5055-5070. [PMID: 33124149 PMCID: PMC8518758 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) crisis caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has triggered a large-scale pandemic that is afflicting millions of individuals in over 200 countries. The clinical spectrum caused by SARS-CoV-2 infections can range from asymptomatic infection to mild undifferentiated febrile illness to severe respiratory disease with multiple complications. Elderly patients (aged 60 and above) with comorbidities such as cardiovascular diseases and diabetes mellitus appear to be at highest risk of a severe disease outcome. To protect against pulmonary immunopathology caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection, the host primarily depends on two distinct defense strategies: resistance and disease tolerance. Resistance is the ability of the host to suppress and eliminate incoming viruses. By contrast, disease tolerance refers to host responses that promote host health regardless of their impact on viral replication. Disruption of either resistance or disease tolerance mechanisms or both could underpin predisposition to elevated risk of severe disease during viral infection. Aging can disrupt host resistance and disease tolerance by compromising immune functions, weakening of the unfolded protein response, progressive mitochondrial dysfunction, and altering metabolic processes. A comprehensive understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying declining host defense in elderly individuals could thus pave the way to provide new opportunities and approaches for the treatment of severe COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darren Z. L. Mok
- Emerging Infectious Diseases ProgramDuke‐NUS Medical SchoolSingaporeSingapore
| | | | - Eng Eong Ooi
- Emerging Infectious Diseases ProgramDuke‐NUS Medical SchoolSingaporeSingapore
- Viral Research & Experimental Medicine Center @ SingHealth/Duke‐NUS (ViREMiCS)SingaporeSingapore
- Singapore‐MIT Alliance in Research and TechnologyAntimicrobial Resistance Interdisciplinary Research GroupSingaporeSingapore
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public HealthNational University of SingaporeSingapore
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyYong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingapore
| | - Kuan Rong Chan
- Emerging Infectious Diseases ProgramDuke‐NUS Medical SchoolSingaporeSingapore
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16
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Wang X, Mehra S, Kaushal D, Veazey RS, Xu H. Abnormal Tryptophan Metabolism in HIV and Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:666227. [PMID: 34262540 PMCID: PMC8273495 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.666227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Host metabolism has recently gained more attention for its roles in physiological functions and pathologic conditions. Of these, metabolic tryptophan disorders generate a pattern of abnormal metabolites that are implicated in various diseases. Here, we briefly highlight the recent advances regarding abnormal tryptophan metabolism in HIV and Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection and discuss its potential impact on immune regulation, disease progression, and neurological disorders. Finally, we also discuss the potential for metabolic tryptophan interventions toward these infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolei Wang
- Division of Comparative Pathology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, Covington, LA, United States
| | - Smriti Mehra
- Division of Comparative Pathology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, Covington, LA, United States
| | - Deepak Kaushal
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Ronald S. Veazey
- Division of Comparative Pathology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, Covington, LA, United States
| | - Huanbin Xu
- Division of Comparative Pathology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, Covington, LA, United States
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17
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Dagenais-Lussier X, Loucif H, Beji C, Telittchenko R, Routy JP, van Grevenynghe J. Latest developments in tryptophan metabolism: Understanding its role in B cell immunity. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2021; 59:111-117. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2021.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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18
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Jalalvand M, Darbeheshti F, Rezaei N. Immune checkpoint inhibitors: review of the existing evidence and challenges in breast cancer. Immunotherapy 2021; 13:587-603. [PMID: 33775102 DOI: 10.2217/imt-2020-0283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer initiation and progression are associated with immune system responses. Tumor cells use various tricks to scape of immune system, such as activating immune checkpoint pathways that induce immunosuppressive functions. Among the different immune checkpoint receptors, CTLA-4 and PD-1/PD-L1 are prominent therapeutic targets in different cancers. Although the US FDA has approved some immune checkpoint inhibitors for several cancers, concerning breast cancer still different clinical trials are looking for optimizing efficacy and decreasing immune-related adverse events. This review will discuss the existing body of knowledge with regard to cross-talk between immune system and tumor cells and then explore immune checkpoint-related signaling pathways in the context of breast tumors. Finally, we highlight the application of different immune checkpoint blockers in breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mobina Jalalvand
- Cancer Immunology Project (CIP), Universal Scientific Education & Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.,School of medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Darbeheshti
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Medical Genetics Network (MeGeNe), Universal Scientific Education & Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Nima Rezaei
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14194, Iran.,Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14194, Iran.,Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy & Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education & Research Network (USERN), Tehran 14194, Iran
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19
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Wu D, Zhu Y. Role of kynurenine in promoting the generation of exhausted CD8 + T cells in colorectal cancer. Am J Transl Res 2021; 13:1535-1547. [PMID: 33841677 PMCID: PMC8014392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Although blocking programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) has emerged as a standard treatment for metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC), a vast majority of CRC patients still respond poorly to anti-PD-1 immunotherapy. In this study, we showed that the levels of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) and its catabolite kynurenine (Kyn) were higher in late stages (stages III and IV) than in early stages (stages I and II) of CRC patients. We found that Kyn could induce the expression of immune checkpoints and exhaustion markers in CD8+ tumor-infiltrating T cells. Knockdown of IDO1 expression using small hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) in the MC38 and CT26 colorectal cell lines led downregulation of Kyn expression and activation of CD8+ T cells in MC38- or CT26-bearing mice. Subsequent mechanistic study revealed significantly reduced thymocyte selection-associated HMG box (TOX) mRNA levels in CD8+ tumor-infiltrating T cells isolated from IDO1 knockdown MC38-Scr- and CT26-bearing mice. Kyn-induced CD8+ T cell exhaustion was reversed by knockdown of TOX expression. Finally, the application of the well-known IDO1 inhibitors 1MT or NLG919 substantially improved the therapeutic effect of CRC in vivo and restored CD8+ tumor-infiltrating T cells anti-tumor activity. This improvement was further enhanced by an anti-PD-1 combined therapy. In conclusion, our study revealed a novel mechanism underlying the metabolic factors found in tumor microenvironment which could induce CD8+ T cells exhaustion. Our findings provided a new strategy of restoring the antitumor activity of CD8+ T cells through combined targeting of the IDO1/Kyn and PD-1/PD-L1 pathways in patients with CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical UniversityJinzhou 121000, China
| | - Yufeng Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical UniversityJinzhou 121000, China
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20
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Luo P, Liu Y, Liu D, Li J. Perspectives for the Use of N-acetylcysteine as a Candidate Drug to Treat COVID-19. Mini Rev Med Chem 2021; 21:268-272. [PMID: 33109047 DOI: 10.2174/1389557520666201027160833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndromerelated coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), has become an ongoing pandemic worldwide. However, there are no vaccines or antiviral drugs with proven clinical efficacy. Therefore, a remedial measure is urgently needed to combat the devastating COVID-19. The pharmacological activities of Nacetylcysteine (NAC) and its potential functions in inhibiting the progression of COVID-19 make it a promising therapeutic agent for the infection. In this mini-review, we discussed the therapeutic potential of NAC in COVID-19 from the perspective of its multisite pharmacological actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Luo
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Dong Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Juan Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
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21
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Straub TJ, Chou WC, Manson AL, Schreiber HL, Walker BJ, Desjardins CA, Chapman SB, Kaspar KL, Kahsai OJ, Traylor E, Dodson KW, Hullar MAJ, Hultgren SJ, Khoo C, Earl AM. Limited effects of long-term daily cranberry consumption on the gut microbiome in a placebo-controlled study of women with recurrent urinary tract infections. BMC Microbiol 2021; 21:53. [PMID: 33596852 PMCID: PMC7890861 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-021-02106-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Urinary tract infections (UTIs) affect 15 million women each year in the United States, with > 20% experiencing frequent recurrent UTIs. A recent placebo-controlled clinical trial found a 39% reduction in UTI symptoms among recurrent UTI sufferers who consumed a daily cranberry beverage for 24 weeks. Using metagenomic sequencing of stool from a subset of these trial participants, we assessed the impact of cranberry consumption on the gut microbiota, a reservoir for UTI-causing pathogens such as Escherichia coli, which causes > 80% of UTIs. RESULTS The overall taxonomic composition, community diversity, carriage of functional pathways and gene families, and relative abundances of the vast majority of observed bacterial taxa, including E. coli, were not changed significantly by cranberry consumption. However, one unnamed Flavonifractor species (OTU41), which represented ≤1% of the overall metagenome, was significantly less abundant in cranberry consumers compared to placebo at trial completion. Given Flavonifractor's association with negative human health effects, we sought to determine OTU41 characteristic genes that may explain its differential abundance and/or relationship to key host functions. Using comparative genomic and metagenomic techniques, we identified genes in OTU41 related to transport and metabolism of various compounds, including tryptophan and cobalamin, which have been shown to play roles in host-microbe interactions. CONCLUSION While our results indicated that cranberry juice consumption had little impact on global measures of the microbiome, we found one unnamed Flavonifractor species differed significantly between study arms. This suggests further studies are needed to assess the role of cranberry consumption and Flavonifractor in health and wellbeing in the context of recurrent UTI. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinical trial registration number: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01776021 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J Straub
- Infectious Disease & Microbiome Program, Broad Institute, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Wen-Chi Chou
- Infectious Disease & Microbiome Program, Broad Institute, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Abigail L Manson
- Infectious Disease & Microbiome Program, Broad Institute, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Henry L Schreiber
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Center for Women's Infectious Disease Research, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Division of Biology & Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Bruce J Walker
- Infectious Disease & Microbiome Program, Broad Institute, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Christopher A Desjardins
- Infectious Disease & Microbiome Program, Broad Institute, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Sinéad B Chapman
- Infectious Disease & Microbiome Program, Broad Institute, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | | | - Orsalem J Kahsai
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Elizabeth Traylor
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Karen W Dodson
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Center for Women's Infectious Disease Research, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Meredith A J Hullar
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Scott J Hultgren
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Center for Women's Infectious Disease Research, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | | | - Ashlee M Earl
- Infectious Disease & Microbiome Program, Broad Institute, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA.
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22
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Kumar A, Chamoto K. Immune metabolism in PD-1 blockade-based cancer immunotherapy. Int Immunol 2021; 33:17-26. [PMID: 32622347 PMCID: PMC7771015 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxaa046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Energy metabolism plays an important role in proliferating cells. Recent reports indicate that metabolic regulation or metabolic products can control immune cell differentiation, fate and reactions. Cancer immunotherapy based on blockade of programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) has been used worldwide, but a significant fraction of patients remain unresponsive. Therefore, clarifying the mechanisms and overcoming the unresponsiveness are urgent issues. Because cancer immunity consists of interactions between the cancer and host immune cells, there has recently been a focus on the metabolic interactions and/or competition between the tumor and the immune system to address these issues. Cancer cells render their microenvironment immunosuppressive, driving T-cell dysfunction or exhaustion, which is advantageous for cancer cell survival. However, accumulating mechanistic evidence of T-cell and cancer cell metabolism has gradually revealed that controlling the metabolic pathways of either type of cell can overcome T-cell dysfunction and reprogram the metabolic balance in the tumor microenvironment. Here, we summarize the role of immune metabolism in T-cell-based immune surveillance and cancer immune escape. This new concept has boosted the development of combination therapy and predictive biomarkers in cancer immunotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alok Kumar
- Department of Immunology and Genomic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida, Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kenji Chamoto
- Department of Immunology and Genomic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida, Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
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23
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Huang JY, Larose TL, Wang R, Fanidi A, Alcala K, Stevens VL, Weinstein SJ, Albanes D, Caporaso N, Purdue M, Zeigler R, Freedman N, Lan Q, Prentice R, Pettinger M, Thomsen CA, Cai Q, Wu J, Blot WJ, Shu XO, Zheng W, Arslan AA, Zeleniuch-Jacquotte A, Le Marchand L, Wilkens LR, Haiman CA, Zhang X, Stampfer M, Smith-Warner S, Han J, Giles GG, Hodge AM, Severi G, Johansson M, Grankvist K, Langhammer A, Hveem K, Xiang YB, Li HL, Gao YT, Visvanathan K, Bolton JH, Ueland PM, Midttun Ø, Ulvik A, Buring JE, Lee IM, Sesso HD, Gaziano JM, Manjer J, Relton C, Koh WP, Brennan P, Johansson M, Yuan JM. Circulating markers of cellular immune activation in prediagnostic blood sample and lung cancer risk in the Lung Cancer Cohort Consortium (LC3). Int J Cancer 2020; 146:2394-2405. [PMID: 31276202 PMCID: PMC6960354 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.32555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Cell-mediated immune suppression may play an important role in lung carcinogenesis. We investigated the associations for circulating levels of tryptophan, kynurenine, kynurenine:tryptophan ratio (KTR), quinolinic acid (QA) and neopterin as markers of immune regulation and inflammation with lung cancer risk in 5,364 smoking-matched case-control pairs from 20 prospective cohorts included in the international Lung Cancer Cohort Consortium. All biomarkers were quantified by mass spectrometry-based methods in serum/plasma samples collected on average 6 years before lung cancer diagnosis. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for lung cancer associated with individual biomarkers were calculated using conditional logistic regression with adjustment for circulating cotinine. Compared to the lowest quintile, the highest quintiles of kynurenine, KTR, QA and neopterin were associated with a 20-30% higher risk, and tryptophan with a 15% lower risk of lung cancer (all ptrend < 0.05). The strongest associations were seen for current smokers, where the adjusted ORs (95% CIs) of lung cancer for the highest quintile of KTR, QA and neopterin were 1.42 (1.15-1.75), 1.42 (1.14-1.76) and 1.45 (1.13-1.86), respectively. A stronger association was also seen for KTR and QA with risk of lung squamous cell carcinoma followed by adenocarcinoma, and for lung cancer diagnosed within the first 2 years after blood draw. This study demonstrated that components of the tryptophan-kynurenine pathway with immunomodulatory effects are associated with risk of lung cancer overall, especially for current smokers. Further research is needed to evaluate the role of these biomarkers in lung carcinogenesis and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joyce Yongxu Huang
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Tricia L. Larose
- Genetic Epidemiology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health & Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Renwei Wang
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Anouar Fanidi
- Genetic Epidemiology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Karine Alcala
- Genetic Epidemiology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Victoria L. Stevens
- Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Inc. 250 Williams St. Atlanta, GA 30303
| | | | - Demetrius Albanes
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH
| | - Neil Caporaso
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH
| | - Mark Purdue
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH
| | - Regina Zeigler
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH
| | - Neal Freedman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH
| | - Qin Lan
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH
| | - Ross Prentice
- Division of Public Health Sciences Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center 1100 Fairview Ave. N, Seattle, Washington 98109, U.S.A
| | - Mary Pettinger
- Division of Public Health Sciences Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center 1100 Fairview Ave. N, Seattle, Washington 98109, U.S.A
| | - Cynthia A. Thomsen
- Department of Health Promotion Science, Mel & Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Qiuyin Cai
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center and Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jie Wu
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center and Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - William J. Blot
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center and Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Xiao-Ou Shu
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center and Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Wei Zheng
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center and Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Alan A. Arslan
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Population Health, Environmental Medicine and Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Anne Zeleniuch-Jacquotte
- Departments of Population Health and Environmental Medicine and Perlmutter Cancer Centre, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Loïc Le Marchand
- Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Lynn R. Wilkens
- Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Christopher A. Haiman
- Department of Prevention, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Xuehong Zhang
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Meir Stampfer
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stephanie Smith-Warner
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jiali Han
- Department of Epidemiology, Richard M. Fairbanks School of Public Health, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Graham G Giles
- Cancer Epidemiology Center, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Allison M Hodge
- Cancer Epidemiology Center, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gianluca Severi
- Cancer Epidemiology Center, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia
- Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine (IIGM), Torino, Italy
- Centre de Recherche en Epidemiologie et Santé des Populations (CESP) UMR1018 Inserm, Facultés de Médicine Université Paris-Saclay, UPS, UVSQ, Gustave Roussy, 94805, Villejuif, France
| | - Mikael Johansson
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Kjell Grankvist
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Clinical Chemistry, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Arnulf Langhammer
- HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger, Norway
| | - Kristian Hveem
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health & Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger, Norway
| | - Yong-Bing Xiang
- Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong-Lan Li
- Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Tang Gao
- Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Kala Visvanathan
- George W Comstock Center for Public Health Research and Prevention Health Monitoring Unit, Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, USA
| | - Judy Hoffman Bolton
- George W Comstock Center for Public Health Research and Prevention Health Monitoring Unit, Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, USA
| | - Per M Ueland
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | | | | | - Julie E. Buring
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Aging, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - I-Min Lee
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Aging, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Howard D. Sesso
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Aging, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - J. Michael Gaziano
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Aging, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Boston VA Medical Center, Boston, MA USA
| | - Jonas Manjer
- Department of Surgery, Skåne University Hospital Malmö Lund University, Malmö Sweden
| | - Caroline Relton
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle, United Kingdom
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, School of Social & Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Woon-Puay Koh
- Health Services and Systems Research, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Paul Brennan
- Genetic Epidemiology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Mattias Johansson
- Genetic Epidemiology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Jian-Min Yuan
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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24
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Cocker ATH, Shah NM, Raj I, Dermont S, Khan W, Mandalia S, Imami N, Johnson MR. Pregnancy Gestation Impacts on HIV-1-Specific Granzyme B Response and Central Memory CD4 T Cells. Front Immunol 2020; 11:153. [PMID: 32117291 PMCID: PMC7027986 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Pregnancy induces alterations in peripheral T-cell populations with both changes in subset frequencies and anti-viral responses found to alter with gestation. In HIV-1 positive women anti-HIV-1 responses are associated with transmission risk, however detailed investigation into both HIV-1-specific memory responses associated with HIV-1 control and T-cell subset changes during pregnancy have not been undertaken. In this study we aimed to define pregnancy and gestation related changes to HIV-1-specific responses and T-cell phenotype in ART treated HIV-1 positive pregnant women. Eleven non-pregnant and 24 pregnant HIV-1 positive women were recruited, peripheral blood samples taken, fresh cells isolated, and compared using ELISpot assays and flow cytometry analysis. Clinical data were collected as part of standard care, and non-parametric statistics used. Alterations in induced IFNγ, IL-2, IL-10, and granzyme B secretion by peripheral blood mononuclear cells in response to HIV-1 Gag and Nef peptide pools and changes in T-cell subsets between pregnant and non-pregnant women were assessed, with data correlated with participant clinical parameters and longitudinal analysis performed. Cross-sectional comparison identified decreased IL-10 Nef response in HIV-1 positive pregnant women compared to non-pregnant, while correlations exhibited reversed Gag and Nef cytokine and protease response associations between groups. Longitudinal analysis of pregnant participants demonstrated transient increases in Gag granzyme B response and in the central memory CD4 T-cell subset frequency during their second trimester, with a decrease in CD4 effector memory T cells from their second to third trimester. Gag and Nef HIV-1-specific responses diverge with pregnancy time-point, coinciding with relevant T-cell phenotype, and gestation associated immunological adaptations. Decreased IL-10 Nef and both increased granzyme B Gag response and central memory CD4 T cells implies that amplified antigen production is occurring, which suggests a period of compromised HIV-1 control in pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Inez Raj
- Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Dermont
- Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Waheed Khan
- Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, United Kingdom
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25
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Tryptophan Metabolism Activates Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor-Mediated Pathway To Promote HIV-1 Infection and Reactivation. mBio 2019; 10:mBio.02591-19. [PMID: 31848275 PMCID: PMC6918076 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02591-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple cellular metabolic pathways are altered by HIV-1 infection, with an impact on immune activation, inflammation, and acquisition of non-AIDS comorbid diseases. The dysfunction of tryptophan (Trp) metabolism has been observed clinically in association with accelerated HIV-1 pathogenesis, but the underlying mechanism remains unknown. In this study, we demonstrated that the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR), a ligand-activated transcription factor, is activated by Trp metabolites to promote HIV-1 infection and reactivation. AHR directly binds to the HIV-1 5' long terminal repeat (5'-LTR) at the molecular level to activate viral transcription and infection, and AHR activation by Trp metabolites increases its nuclear translocation and association with the HIV 5'-LTR; moreover, the binding of AHR with HIV-1 Tat facilitates the recruitment of positive transcription factors to viral promoters. These findings not only elucidate a previously unappreciated mechanism through which cellular Trp metabolites affect HIV pathogenesis but also suggest that a downstream target AHR may be a potential target for modulating HIV-1 infection.IMPORTANCE Cellular metabolic pathways that are altered by HIV-1 infection may accelerate disease progression. Dysfunction in tryptophan (Trp) metabolism has been observed clinically in association with accelerated HIV-1 pathogenesis, but the mechanism responsible was not known. This study demonstrates that Trp metabolites augment the activation of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR), a ligand-activated transcription factor, to promote HIV-1 infection and transcription. These findings not only elucidate a previously unappreciated mechanism through which cellular Trp metabolites affect HIV pathogenesis but also suggest that a downstream target AHR may be a potential target for modulating HIV-1 infection.
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26
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Dagenais-Lussier X, Loucif H, Cadorel H, Blumberger J, Isnard S, Bego MG, Cohen ÉA, Routy JP, van Grevenynghe J. USP18 is a significant driver of memory CD4 T-cell reduced viability caused by type I IFN signaling during primary HIV-1 infection. PLoS Pathog 2019; 15:e1008060. [PMID: 31658294 PMCID: PMC6837632 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The loss of Memory CD4 T-cells (Mem) is a major hallmark of HIV-1 immuno-pathogenesis and occurs early during the first months of primary infection. A lot of effort has been put into understanding the molecular mechanisms behind this loss, yet they still have not been fully identified. In this study, we unveil the unreported role of USP18 in the deleterious effects of sustained type I IFN signaling on Mem, including HIV-1-specific CD4 T-cells. We find that interfering with IFN-I signaling pathway in infected patients, notably by targeting the interferon-stimulated gene USP18, resulted in reduced PTEN expression similar to those observed in uninfected control donors. We show that AKT activation in response to cytokine treatment, T-cell receptor (TcR) triggering, as well as HIV-1 Gag stimulation was significantly improved in infected patients when PTEN or USP18 were inhibited. Finally, our data demonstrate that higher USP18 in Mem from infected patients prevent proper cell survival and long-lasting maintenance in an AKT-dependent manner. Altogether, we establish a direct role for type I IFN/USP18 signaling in the maintenance of total and virus-specific Mem and provide a new mechanism for the reduced survival of these populations during primary HIV-1 infection. In this study, we expend our knowledge of how type I interferons (IFN-I) leads to memory CD4 T-cell defective survival by unveiling the molecular mechanism behind such impairments, placing USP18 at its center. Our data further deciphers the specific USP18-related mechanism that is responsible for such impairments by implicating AKT inhibition in a PTEN-dependent manner. Our findings also point to a potential use of neutralizing anti-interferon α/β receptor antibodies to rescue the defective memory CD4 T-cell survival during HIV-1 infection, even in HIV-1 specific CD4 T-cell. To conclude, our findings provide the characterization of the molecular pathway leading to disturbances caused by sustained IFN-I signaling which occurs early during primary HIV-1 infection, complementing current knowledge which placed sustained IFN-I signaling as detrimental to the host during this infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Dagenais-Lussier
- Institut national de la recherche scientifique (INRS)-Institut Armand-Frappier, 531 boulevard des Prairies, Laval, QC, Canada
| | - Hamza Loucif
- Institut national de la recherche scientifique (INRS)-Institut Armand-Frappier, 531 boulevard des Prairies, Laval, QC, Canada
| | - Hugo Cadorel
- Institut national de la recherche scientifique (INRS)-Institut Armand-Frappier, 531 boulevard des Prairies, Laval, QC, Canada
| | - Juliette Blumberger
- Institut national de la recherche scientifique (INRS)-Institut Armand-Frappier, 531 boulevard des Prairies, Laval, QC, Canada
| | - Stéphane Isnard
- Chronic Viral Illness Service and Division of Hematology, McGill University Health Centre, Glen site, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Mariana Gé Bego
- Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Éric A. Cohen
- Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Microbiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jean-Pierre Routy
- Chronic Viral Illness Service and Division of Hematology, McGill University Health Centre, Glen site, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Julien van Grevenynghe
- Institut national de la recherche scientifique (INRS)-Institut Armand-Frappier, 531 boulevard des Prairies, Laval, QC, Canada
- * E-mail:
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27
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Ngwa VM, Edwards DN, Philip M, Chen J. Microenvironmental Metabolism Regulates Antitumor Immunity. Cancer Res 2019; 79:4003-4008. [PMID: 31362930 PMCID: PMC6697577 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-19-0617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming of cancer cells and the tumor microenvironment are emerging as key factors governing tumor growth, metastasis, and response to therapies including immune checkpoint inhibitors. It has been recognized that rapidly proliferating cancer cells, tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, and vascular endothelial cells compete for oxygen and nutrients. Tumor cells and other cell types in the microenvironment not only compete for nutrients, but they also simultaneously produce immunosuppressive metabolites, leading to immune escape. In addition, commensal microbial metabolites can influence regulatory T cells and inflammation in the intestine, thus playing an essential role in cancer prevention or cancer promotion. In this review, we summarize recent advances on metabolic interactions among various cell types in the tumor microenvironment, with a focus on how these interactions affect tumor immunity. We also discuss the potential role of blood vessel metabolism in regulating immune cell trafficking and activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verra M Ngwa
- Program in Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Deanna N Edwards
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Mary Philip
- Program in Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
- Division of Hematology & Oncology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Jin Chen
- Program in Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee.
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Tennessee Valley Health Care System, Nashville, Tennessee
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28
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Swainson LA, Ahn H, Pajanirassa P, Khetarpal V, Deleage C, Estes JD, Hunt PW, Munoz-Sanjuan I, McCune JM. Kynurenine 3-Monooxygenase Inhibition during Acute Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Infection Lowers PD-1 Expression and Improves Post-Combination Antiretroviral Therapy CD4 + T Cell Counts and Body Weight. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2019; 203:899-910. [PMID: 31285277 PMCID: PMC6684450 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1801649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The kynurenine pathway (KP) is a key regulator of many important physiological processes and plays a harmful role in cancer, many neurologic conditions, and chronic viral infections. In HIV infection, KP activity is consistently associated with reduced CD4 T cell counts and elevated levels of T cell activation and viral load; it also independently predicts mortality and morbidity from non-AIDS events. Kynurenine 3-monooxygenase (KMO) is a therapeutically important target in the KP. Using the nonhuman primate model of SIV infection in rhesus macaques, we investigated whether KMO inhibition could slow the course of disease progression. We used a KMO inhibitor, CHDI-340246, to perturb the KP during early acute infection and followed the animals for 1 y to assess clinical outcomes and immune phenotype and function during pre-combination antiretroviral therapy acute infection and combination antiretroviral therapy-treated chronic infection. Inhibition of KMO in acute SIV infection disrupted the KP and prevented SIV-induced increases in downstream metabolites, improving clinical outcome as measured by both increased CD4+ T cell counts and body weight. KMO inhibition increased naive T cell frequency and lowered PD-1 expression in naive and memory T cell subsets. Importantly, early PD-1 expression during acute SIV infection predicted clinical outcomes of body weight and CD4+ T cell counts. Our data indicate that KMO inhibition in early acute SIV infection provides clinical benefit and suggest a rationale for testing KMO inhibition as an adjunctive treatment in SIV/HIV infection to slow the progression of the disease and improve immune reconstitution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise A Swainson
- Division of Experimental Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110;
| | - Haelee Ahn
- Division of Experimental Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110
| | - Priya Pajanirassa
- Division of Experimental Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110
| | | | - Claire Deleage
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick, MD 21701
| | - Jacob D Estes
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick, MD 21701
| | - Peter W Hunt
- Division of Experimental Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110
| | | | - Joseph M McCune
- Division of Experimental Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110
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29
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Giesbrecht K, Förmer S, Sähr A, Heeg K, Hildebrand D. Streptococcal Pyrogenic Exotoxin A-Stimulated Monocytes Mediate Regulatory T-Cell Accumulation through PD-L1 and Kynurenine. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20163933. [PMID: 31412561 PMCID: PMC6719222 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20163933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial superantigens (SAgs) are exotoxins that promote a fulminant activation of the immune system. The subsequent intense release of inflammatory cytokines often results in hypotension, shock, and organ failure with high mortality rates. In the current paradigm, the direct and simultaneous binding of SAgs with T-cell receptor (TCR)-bearing Vβ regions and conserved structures on major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC class II) on antigen-presenting cells (APCs) induces the activation of both cell types. However, by crosslinking MHC class II molecules, APCs can be activated by SAgs independently of T lymphocytes. Recently, we showed that streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin A (SPEA) of Streptococcus pyogenes stimulates an immunogenic APC phenotype with upregulated costimulatory molecules and inflammatory cytokines. Additionally, we revealed that SPEA triggers immunosuppressive programs in monocytes that facilitate the accumulation of regulatory T cells (Tregs) in in vitro monocyte/CD4+ T-cell cocultures. Immunosuppressive factors include anti-inflammatory interleukin 10 (IL-10), co-inhibitory surface molecule programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PD-L1), and the inhibitory indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO)/kynurenine effector system. In the present study, we investigated the underlying mechanism of SPEA-stimulated monocyte-mediated accumulation of Tregs. Blood-derived monocytes from healthy donors were stimulated with SPEA for 48 h (SPEA-monocytes). For the evaluation of SPEA-monocyte-mediated modulation of CD4+ T lymphocytes, SPEA was removed from the culture through extensive washing of cells before adding allogeneic CD3/CD28-activated T cells. Results: In coculture with allogeneic CD4+ T cells, SPEA-monocytes mediate apoptosis of CD4+Foxp3− lymphocytes and accumulation of CD4+Foxp3+ Tregs. PD-L1 and kynurenine are critically involved in the mediated cell death because blocking both factors diminished apoptosis and decreased the proportion of the CD25+/Foxp3+ Treg subpopulation significantly. Upregulation of PD-L1 and kynurenine as well as SPEA-monocyte-mediated effects on T cells depend on inflammatory IL-1β. Our study shows that monocytes activated by SPEA mediate apoptosis of CD4+Foxp3− T effector cells through PD-L1 and kynurenine. CD4+Foxp3+ T cells are resistant to apoptosis and accumulate in SPEA-monocyte/CD4+ T-cell coculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Giesbrecht
- Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Centre for Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- DZIF German Center for Infection Research, 38124 Brunswick, Germany
| | - Sandra Förmer
- Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Centre for Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Aline Sähr
- Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Centre for Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Klaus Heeg
- Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Centre for Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- DZIF German Center for Infection Research, 38124 Brunswick, Germany
| | - Dagmar Hildebrand
- Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Centre for Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
- DZIF German Center for Infection Research, 38124 Brunswick, Germany.
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30
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Akhavan D, Alizadeh D, Wang D, Weist MR, Shepphird JK, Brown CE. CAR T cells for brain tumors: Lessons learned and road ahead. Immunol Rev 2019; 290:60-84. [PMID: 31355493 PMCID: PMC6771592 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Malignant brain tumors, including glioblastoma, represent some of the most difficult to treat of solid tumors. Nevertheless, recent progress in immunotherapy, across a broad range of tumor types, provides hope that immunological approaches will have the potential to improve outcomes for patients with brain tumors. Chimeric antigen receptors (CAR) T cells, a promising immunotherapeutic modality, utilizes the tumor targeting specificity of any antibody or receptor ligand to redirect the cytolytic potency of T cells. The remarkable clinical response rates of CD19-targeted CAR T cells and early clinical experiences in glioblastoma demonstrating safety and evidence for disease modifying activity support the potential of further advancements ultimately providing clinical benefit for patients. The brain, however, is an immune specialized organ presenting unique and specific challenges to immune-based therapies. Remaining barriers to be overcome for achieving effective CAR T cell therapy in the central nervous system (CNS) include tumor antigenic heterogeneity, an immune-suppressive microenvironment, unique properties of the CNS that limit T cell entry, and risks of immune-based toxicities in this highly sensitive organ. This review will summarize preclinical and clinical data for CAR T cell immunotherapy in glioblastoma and other malignant brain tumors, including present obstacles to advancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Akhavan
- Department of Radiation OncologyBeckman Research Institute of City of HopeDuarteCalifornia
| | - Darya Alizadeh
- Department of Hematology & Hematopoietic Cell TransplantationBeckman Research Institute of City of HopeDuarteCalifornia
- Department of Immuno‐OncologyBeckman Research Institute of City of HopeDuarteCalifornia
| | - Dongrui Wang
- Department of Hematology & Hematopoietic Cell TransplantationBeckman Research Institute of City of HopeDuarteCalifornia
- Department of Immuno‐OncologyBeckman Research Institute of City of HopeDuarteCalifornia
| | - Michael R. Weist
- Department of Immuno‐OncologyBeckman Research Institute of City of HopeDuarteCalifornia
- Department of Molecular Imaging and TherapyBeckman Research Institute of City of HopeDuarteCalifornia
| | - Jennifer K. Shepphird
- Department of Hematology & Hematopoietic Cell TransplantationBeckman Research Institute of City of HopeDuarteCalifornia
- Department of Immuno‐OncologyBeckman Research Institute of City of HopeDuarteCalifornia
| | - Christine E. Brown
- Department of Hematology & Hematopoietic Cell TransplantationBeckman Research Institute of City of HopeDuarteCalifornia
- Department of Immuno‐OncologyBeckman Research Institute of City of HopeDuarteCalifornia
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Park A, Yang Y, Lee Y, Kim MS, Park YJ, Jung H, Kim TD, Lee HG, Choi I, Yoon SR. Indoleamine-2,3-Dioxygenase in Thyroid Cancer Cells Suppresses Natural Killer Cell Function by Inhibiting NKG2D and NKp46 Expression via STAT Signaling Pathways. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8060842. [PMID: 31212870 PMCID: PMC6617210 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8060842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are key players in the immune system. They use receptors on their cell surface to identify target cells. However, to escape being killed by the immune system, cancer cells such as thyroid cancer cells, use various methods to suppress the function of NK cells. Thus, this study aims to elucidate how thyroid cancer cells downregulate NK cell function in a co-culture system. We found that thyroid cancer cells suppress NK cell cytotoxicity and inhibit the expression of activating receptors, such as NKG2D and NKp46, by regulating indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO). Also, thyroid cancer cells produce kynurenine using IDO, which causes NK cell dysfunction. Kynurenine enters NK cells via the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) on the surfaces of the NK cells, which decreases NK cell function and NK receptor expression via the signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 1 and STAT3 pathways. In addition, STAT1 and STAT3 directly regulated the expression of NKG2D and NKp46 receptors by binding to the promoter region. Conclusively, NK cell function may be impaired in thyroid cancer patients by IDO-induced kynurenine production. This implies that IDO can be used as a target for thyroid cancer therapeutics aiming at improving NK cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arum Park
- Immunotherapy Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea.
- Department of Functional Genomics, University of Science & Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea.
| | - Yunjeong Yang
- Immunotherapy Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea.
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea.
| | - Yunhee Lee
- Immunotherapy Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea.
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea.
| | - Mi Sun Kim
- Immunotherapy Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea.
| | - Young-Jun Park
- Immunotherapy Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea.
- Department of Functional Genomics, University of Science & Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea.
| | - Haiyoung Jung
- Immunotherapy Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea.
- Department of Functional Genomics, University of Science & Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea.
| | - Tae-Don Kim
- Immunotherapy Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea.
- Department of Functional Genomics, University of Science & Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea.
| | - Hee Gu Lee
- Immunotherapy Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea.
- Department of Functional Genomics, University of Science & Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea.
| | - Inpyo Choi
- Immunotherapy Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea.
- Department of Functional Genomics, University of Science & Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea.
| | - Suk Ran Yoon
- Immunotherapy Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea.
- Department of Functional Genomics, University of Science & Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea.
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Tarancon-Diez L, Rodríguez-Gallego E, Rull A, Peraire J, Viladés C, Portilla I, Jimenez-Leon MR, Alba V, Herrero P, Leal M, Ruiz-Mateos E, Vidal F. Immunometabolism is a key factor for the persistent spontaneous elite control of HIV-1 infection. EBioMedicine 2019; 42:86-96. [PMID: 30879922 PMCID: PMC6491381 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Approximately 25% of elite controllers (ECs) lose their virological control by mechanisms that are only partially known. Recently, immunovirological and proteomic factors have been associated to the loss of spontaneous control. Our aim was to perform a metabolomic approach to identify the underlying mechanistic pathways and potential biomarkers associated with this loss of control. METHODS Plasma samples from EC who spontaneously lost virological control (Transient Controllers, TC, n = 8), at two and one year before the loss of control, were compared with a control group of EC who persistently maintained virological control during the same follow-up period (Persistent Controllers, PC, n = 8). The determination of metabolites and plasma lipids was performed by GC-qTOF and LC-qTOF using targeted and untargeted approaches. Metabolite levels were associated with the polyfunctionality of HIV-specific CD8+T-cell response. FINDINGS Our data suggest that, before the loss of control, TCs showed a specific circulating metabolomic profile characterized by aerobic glycolytic metabolism, deregulated mitochondrial function, oxidative stress and increased immunological activation. In addition, CD8+ T-cell polyfunctionality was strongly associated with metabolite levels. Finally, valine was the main differentiating factor between TCs and PCs. INTERPRETATION All these metabolomic differences should be considered not only as potential biomarkers but also as therapeutic targets in HIV infection. FUND: This work was supported by grants from Fondo de Investigación Sanitaria, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Fondos FEDER; Red de Investigación en Sida, Gilead Fellowship program, Spanish Ministry of Education and Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Tarancon-Diez
- Clinic Unit of Infectious Diseases, Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, Virgen del Rocío University Hospital/CSIC/University of Seville, Spain
| | - Esther Rodríguez-Gallego
- Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Anna Rull
- Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Joaquim Peraire
- Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Consuelo Viladés
- Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Irene Portilla
- Infectious Diseases, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante, ISABIAL - FISABIO, Hospital General Universitario de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - María Reyes Jimenez-Leon
- Clinic Unit of Infectious Diseases, Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, Virgen del Rocío University Hospital/CSIC/University of Seville, Spain
| | - Verónica Alba
- Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Pol Herrero
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Centre for Omic Sciences (COS), Joint Unit Universitat Rovira i Virgili-EURECAT, Unique Scientific and Technical Infrastructures (ICTS), Reus, Spain
| | - Manuel Leal
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Viamed Santa Ángela de la Cruz, Sevilla, Spain; Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla
| | - Ezequiel Ruiz-Mateos
- Clinic Unit of Infectious Diseases, Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, Virgen del Rocío University Hospital/CSIC/University of Seville, Spain.
| | - Francesc Vidal
- Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain.
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33
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Campochiaro C, Lytton S, Nihtyanova S, Fuchs D, Ong VH, Denton CP. Elevated kynurenine levels in diffuse cutaneous and anti-RNA polymerase III positive systemic sclerosis. Clin Immunol 2019; 199:18-24. [PMID: 30771500 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2018.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a systemic disease characterized by vasculopathy, progressive fibrosis and autoimmune activation. Tryptophan (Trp) metabolism has been linked to altered immune cell function and to malignancy. We have investigated the role of Trp metabolic pathway in SSc measuring serum Trp, Kynurenine (Kyn) and Trp/Kyn ratio in a cohort of 97 SSc patients and 10 healthy controls. Association with disease characteristics was evaluated. We found that Trp levels in SSc patients were significantly lower compared to HCs. We also found that patients with diffuse cutaneous (dcSSc) had lower levels of Trp compared to limited cutaneous (lcSSc). These results were paralleled by higher levels of Kyn found in SSc patients compared to HCs and significantly lower levels in dcSSc compared to lcSSc. The autoantibody profile was also found to be significantly associated with Kyn and Trp levels as anti-RNA-polymerase III (ARA) positive patients were shown to have lower Trp levels and higher Kyn levels compared with anti-centromere and anti-topoisomerase I positive patients. Moreover, the highest Trp/Kyn was found in ARA+ patients with dcSSc, suggesting that an activation of the Kyn pathway, is more specifically associated with this subset of SSc patients. Stability over time makes these markers of Trp metabolism feasible for SSc stratification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corrado Campochiaro
- Royal Free Hospital, Centre for Rheumatology and Connective Tissue Diseases, UCL, London, UK
| | - Simon Lytton
- SeraDiaLogistics, Benediktenwandstr 7, 81545 München, Germany
| | - Svetlana Nihtyanova
- Royal Free Hospital, Centre for Rheumatology and Connective Tissue Diseases, UCL, London, UK
| | - Dietmar Fuchs
- Division of Biological Chemistry, Biocenter, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Voon H Ong
- Royal Free Hospital, Centre for Rheumatology and Connective Tissue Diseases, UCL, London, UK
| | - Christopher P Denton
- Royal Free Hospital, Centre for Rheumatology and Connective Tissue Diseases, UCL, London, UK.
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Dendritic Cells Treated with Exogenous Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase Maintain an Immature Phenotype and Suppress Antigen-specific T cell Proliferation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 5. [PMID: 31788580 DOI: 10.1016/j.regen.2019.100015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), an intracellular enzyme responsible for catalyzing the rate limiting step of tryptophan catabolism, plays a critical role in immune cell suppression and tolerance. Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase-mediated depletion of the essential amino acid tryptophan increases susceptibility of T cells to apoptosis, while kynurenine and its downstream metabolites, such as 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid and quinolinic acid, have a direct cytotoxic effect on conventional effector T cells. Additionally, IDO-expressing antigen presenting cells (APCs) induce proliferation of regulatory T cells. When expressed by an APC, the immunosuppressive effects of IDO may act directly on the APC as well as indirectly upon local T cells. One approach to elicit immune tolerance or reduce inflammation therefore is to promote expression of IDO. However, this approach is constrained by several factors including the potential for deleterious biologic effects of conventional IDO-inducing agents such as interferon gamma (IFNγ), and the potential limitations of constitutive gene transfection. Alternatively, direct action of recombinant IDO enzyme supplied exogenously as a potential therapeutic in the extracellular space has not been investigated previously, and is the focus of this work. Results indicate exogenous recombinant human IDO supplementation influences murine dendritic cell (DC) maturation and ability to suppress antigen specific T cell proliferation. Following treatment, DCs were refractory to maturation by LPS as defined by co-stimulatory molecule expression (CD80 and CD86) and major histocompatibility complex II (MHC-II) expression. Dendritic cells exhibited skewing toward an anti-inflammatory cytokine release profile, with reduced secretion of IL-12p70 and maintained basal level of secreted IL-10. Notably, IDO-treated DCs suppressed proliferation of ovalbumin (OVA) antigen-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in the presence of cognate antigen presentation in a manner dependent on active enzyme, as introduction of IDO inhibitor 1-methyl-tryptophan, restored T cell proliferation. Defined media experiments indicate a cumulative role for both tryptophan depletion and kynurenine presence, in the suppressive programming of DCs. In sum, we report that exogenously supplied IDO maintains immunoregulatory function on DCs, suggesting that IDO may have potential as a therapeutic protein for suppressive programming with application toward inflammation and tolerance.
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35
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Dolivo DM, Larson SA, Dominko T. Tryptophan metabolites kynurenine and serotonin regulate fibroblast activation and fibrosis. Cell Mol Life Sci 2018; 75:3663-3681. [PMID: 30027295 PMCID: PMC11105268 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-018-2880-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Revised: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Fibrosis is a pathological form of aberrant tissue repair, the complications of which account for nearly half of all deaths in the industrialized world. All tissues are susceptible to fibrosis under particular pathological sets of conditions. Though each type of fibrosis has characteristics and hallmarks specific to that particular condition, there appear to be common factors underlying fibrotic diseases. One of these ubiquitous factors is the paradigm of the activated myofibroblast in the promotion of fibrotic phenotypes. Recent research has implicated metabolic byproducts of the amino acid tryptophan, namely serotonin and kynurenines, in the pathology or potential pharmacologic therapy of fibrosis, in part through their effects on development of myofibroblast phenotypes. Here, we review literature underlying what is known mechanistically about the effects of these compounds and their respective pathways on fibrosis. Pharmacologic administration of kynurenine improves scarring outcomes in vivo likely not only through its well-characterized immunosuppressive properties but also via its demonstrated antagonism of fibroblast activation and of collagen deposition. In contrast, serotonin directly promotes activation of fibroblasts via activation of canonical TGF-β signaling, and overstimulation with serotonin leads to fibrotic outcomes in vivo. Recently discovered feedback inhibition between serotonin and kynurenine pathways also reveals more information about the cellular physiology of tryptophan metabolism and may also underlie possible paradigms for anti-fibrotic therapy. Together, understanding of the effects of tryptophan metabolism on modulation of fibrosis may lead to the development of new therapeutic avenues for treatment through exploitation of these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Dolivo
- Biology and Biotechnology Department, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, 100 Institute Road, Worcester, MA, 01609, USA
| | - Sara A Larson
- Biology and Biotechnology Department, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, 100 Institute Road, Worcester, MA, 01609, USA
| | - Tanja Dominko
- Biology and Biotechnology Department, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, 100 Institute Road, Worcester, MA, 01609, USA.
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36
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Bo L, Guojun T, Li G. An Expanded Neuroimmunomodulation Axis: sCD83-Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase-Kynurenine Pathway and Updates of Kynurenine Pathway in Neurologic Diseases. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1363. [PMID: 29963055 PMCID: PMC6013554 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Many neurologic diseases are related to autoimmune dysfunction and a variety of molecules or reaction pathways are involved in the regulation of immune function of the nervous system. Soluble CD83 (sCD83) is the soluble form of CD83, a specific marker of mature dendritic cell, which has recently been shown to have an immunomodulatory effect. Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO; corresponding enzyme intrahepatic, tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase, TDO), a rate-limiting enzyme of extrahepatic tryptophan kynurenine pathway (KP) participates in the immunoregulation through a variety of mechanisms solely or with the synergy of sCD83, and the imbalances of metabolites of KP were associated with immune dysfunction. With the complement of sCD83 to IDO-KP, a previously known immunomodulatory axis, this review focused on an expanded neuroimmunomodulation axis: sCD83-IDO-KP and its involvement in nervous system diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Bo
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Tan Guojun
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Guo Li
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
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37
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Chen Y, Xie Z, Xiao C, Zhang M, Li Z, Xie J, Zhang Y, Zhao X, Zeng P, Mo L, Liang X, Shi W. Peripheral kynurenine/tryptophan ratio is not a reliable marker of systemic indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase: A lesson drawn from patients on hemodialysis. Oncotarget 2018; 8:25261-25269. [PMID: 28445957 PMCID: PMC5421927 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) has emerged as a pivotal enzyme for mediating immune tolerance. Because IDO metabolizes tryptophan into kynurenine, the plasma kynurenine/tryptophan (Kyn/Trp) ratio has been widely used as a marker of systemic IDO. Here, we evaluated the clinical value of using the plasma Kyn/Trp ratio to estimate cell-mediated immune responses to tuberculin skin testing and risk of new bacterial infection. We also compared the Kyn/Trp ratio to a novel IDO marker, the IDO median fluorescence index (MFI) of peripheral blood mononuclear cells, which was determined by flow cytometry. In 228 patients from two hemodialysis centers, the two IDO markers were higher in patients than in healthy controls but were not correlated with each other. In vitro experiments demonstrated that peripheral blood mononuclear cells could not metabolize tryptophan into kynurenine, indicating that the increased Kyn/Trp ratio was IDO-independent. Skin induration diameters of tuberculin skin testing were correlated with the IDO MFI (negatively), but not the Kyn/Trp ratio. Further, in a 24-month prospective cohort, the Kyn/Trp ratio was not correlated with clinical infection. Alternatively, patients with a higher IDO MFI had a lower accumulative infection-free survival rate. Using a Cox proportional hazard model, it was also revealed that a higher IDO MFI was significantly associated with new bacterial infection. Taken together, these results indicate that the Kyn/Trp ratio is not a reliable circulating IDO marker in hemodialysis patients. However, the IDO MFI reflects an immunocompromised state and thus might be a potential clinical marker of bacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanhan Chen
- Division of Nephrology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhen Xie
- Department of Dermatology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Chenggen Xiao
- Division of Nephrology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Division of Nephrology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhilian Li
- Division of Nephrology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianteng Xie
- Division of Nephrology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yusheng Zhang
- Second Division of Internal Medicine, Wuhua People's Hospital, Guangdong, China
| | - Xingchen Zhao
- Division of Nephrology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pengfei Zeng
- Second Division of Internal Medicine, Wuhua People's Hospital, Guangdong, China
| | - Liyi Mo
- Division of Nephrology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Nephrology, Dongguan People's Hospital, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xinling Liang
- Division of Nephrology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Shi
- Division of Nephrology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
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Loucif H, Gouard S, Dagenais-Lussier X, Murira A, Stäger S, Tremblay C, Van Grevenynghe J. Deciphering natural control of HIV-1: A valuable strategy to achieve antiretroviral therapy termination. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2018; 40:90-98. [PMID: 29778137 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2018.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Antiretroviral therapy (ART) has dramatically reduced HIV-1-associated morbidity and mortality, and has transformed HIV-1 infection into a manageable chronic condition by suppressing viral replication. However, despite recent patient care improvements, ART still fails to cure HIV-1 infection due to the inability to counteract immune defects and metabolic disturbances that are associated with residual inflammation alongside viral persistence. Life-long drug administration also results in multiple side-effects in patients including lipodystrophy and insulin resistance. Thus, it is critical to find new ways to reduce the length of treatment and facilitate the termination of ART, for example by boosting protective immunity. The rare ability of some individuals to naturally control HIV-1 infection despite residual inflammation could be exploited to identify molecular mechanisms involved in host protection that may function as potential therapeutic targets. In this review, we highlight evidence illustrating the molecular and metabolic advantages of HIV-1 controllers over ART treated patients that contribute to the maintenance of effective antiviral immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamza Loucif
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS)-Institut Armand-Frappier, 531 Boulevard des Prairies, Laval, H7V 1B7, QC, Canada
| | - Steven Gouard
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS)-Institut Armand-Frappier, 531 Boulevard des Prairies, Laval, H7V 1B7, QC, Canada
| | - Xavier Dagenais-Lussier
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS)-Institut Armand-Frappier, 531 Boulevard des Prairies, Laval, H7V 1B7, QC, Canada
| | - Armstrong Murira
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS)-Institut Armand-Frappier, 531 Boulevard des Prairies, Laval, H7V 1B7, QC, Canada
| | - Simona Stäger
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS)-Institut Armand-Frappier, 531 Boulevard des Prairies, Laval, H7V 1B7, QC, Canada
| | - Cécile Tremblay
- Centre de Recherche de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Julien Van Grevenynghe
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS)-Institut Armand-Frappier, 531 Boulevard des Prairies, Laval, H7V 1B7, QC, Canada.
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Cervenka I, Agudelo LZ, Ruas JL. Kynurenines: Tryptophan's metabolites in exercise, inflammation, and mental health. Science 2018; 357:357/6349/eaaf9794. [PMID: 28751584 DOI: 10.1126/science.aaf9794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 757] [Impact Index Per Article: 126.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Kynurenine metabolites are generated by tryptophan catabolism and regulate biological processes that include host-microbiome signaling, immune cell response, and neuronal excitability. Enzymes of the kynurenine pathway are expressed in different tissues and cell types throughout the body and are regulated by cues, including nutritional and inflammatory signals. As a consequence of this systemic metabolic integration, peripheral inflammation can contribute to accumulation of kynurenine in the brain, which has been associated with depression and schizophrenia. Conversely, kynurenine accumulation can be suppressed by activating kynurenine clearance in exercised skeletal muscle. The effect of exercise training on depression through modulation of the kynurenine pathway highlights an important mechanism of interorgan cross-talk mediated by these metabolites. Here, we discuss peripheral mechanisms of tryptophan-kynurenine metabolism and their effects on inflammatory, metabolic, oncologic, and psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Cervenka
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Molecular and Cellular Exercise Physiology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Leandro Z Agudelo
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Molecular and Cellular Exercise Physiology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jorge L Ruas
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Molecular and Cellular Exercise Physiology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-17177 Stockholm, Sweden.
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Yap SH, Abdullah NK, McStea M, Takayama K, Chong ML, Crisci E, Larsson M, Azwa I, Kamarulzaman A, Leong KH, Woo YL, Rajasuriar R. HIV/Human herpesvirus co-infections: Impact on tryptophan-kynurenine pathway and immune reconstitution. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0186000. [PMID: 29016635 PMCID: PMC5633182 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0186000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Co-infections with human herpesvirus (HHV) have been associated with residual chronic inflammation in antiretroviral (ART)-treated human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals. However, the role of HHV in modulating the tryptophan-kynurenine pathway and clinical outcomes in HIV-infected individuals is poorly understood. Thus, we investigated the seroprevalence of four common HHVs among treated HIV-infected participants and their impact on kynurenine/tryptophan (K/T) ratio and long-term CD4 T-cell recovery in HIV/HHV co-infected participants. METHOD In this cross-sectional study, HIV-infected participants receiving suppressive ART for a minimum of 12 months were recruited from the University Malaya Medical Centre (UMMC), Malaysia. Stored plasma was analyzed for CMV, VZV, HSV-1 and HSV-2 IgG antibody levels, immune activation markers (interleukin-6, interferon-γ, neopterin and sCD14), kynurenine and tryptophan concentrations. The influence of the number of HHV co-infection and K/T ratio on CD4 T-cell recovery was assessed using multivariate Poisson regression. RESULTS A total of 232 HIV-infected participants were recruited and all participants were seropositive for at least one HHV; 96.1% with CMV, 86.6% with VZV, 70.7% with HSV-1 and 53.9% with HSV-2. K/T ratio had a significant positive correlation with CMV (rho = 0.205, p = 0.002), VZV (rho = 0.173, p = 0.009) and a tendency with HSV-2 (rho = 0.120, p = 0.070), with CMV antibody titer demonstrating the strongest modulating effect on K/T ratio among the four HHVs assessed in SOM analysis. In multivariate analysis, higher K/T ratio (p = 0.03) and increasing number of HHV co-infections (p<0.001) were independently associated with poorer CD4 T-cell recovery following 12 months of ART initiation. CONCLUSION Multiple HHV co-infections are common among ART-treated HIV-infected participants in the developing country setting and associated with persistent immune activation and poorer CD4 T-cell recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siew Hwei Yap
- Centre of Excellence for Research in AIDS (CERiA), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Noor Kamila Abdullah
- Centre of Excellence for Research in AIDS (CERiA), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Megan McStea
- Centre of Excellence for Research in AIDS (CERiA), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kozo Takayama
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Hoshi University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Meng Li Chong
- Centre of Excellence for Research in AIDS (CERiA), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Elisa Crisci
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Marie Larsson
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Iskandar Azwa
- Centre of Excellence for Research in AIDS (CERiA), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Department of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Adeeba Kamarulzaman
- Centre of Excellence for Research in AIDS (CERiA), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Department of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kok Hoong Leong
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yin Ling Woo
- Centre of Excellence for Research in AIDS (CERiA), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Reena Rajasuriar
- Centre of Excellence for Research in AIDS (CERiA), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne University, Victoria, Australia
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Richer gut microbiota with distinct metabolic profile in HIV infected Elite Controllers. Sci Rep 2017; 7:6269. [PMID: 28740260 PMCID: PMC5524949 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-06675-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota dysbiosis features progressive HIV infection and is a potential target for intervention. Herein, we explored the microbiome of 16 elite controllers (EC), 32 antiretroviral therapy naive progressors and 16 HIV negative controls. We found that the number of observed genera and richness indices in fecal microbiota were significantly higher in EC versus naive. Genera Succinivibrio, Sutterella, Rhizobium, Delftia, Anaerofilum and Oscillospira were more abundant in EC, whereas Blautia and Anaerostipes were depleted. Additionally, carbohydrate metabolism and secondary bile acid synthesis pathway related genes were less represented in EC. Conversely, fatty acid metabolism, PPAR-signalling and lipid biosynthesis proteins pathways were enriched in EC vs naive. The kynurenine pathway of tryptophan metabolism was altered during progressive HIV infection, and inversely associated with microbiota richness. In conclusion, EC have richer gut microbiota than untreated HIV patients, with unique bacterial signatures and a distinct metabolic profile which may contribute to control of HIV.
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Bandera A, Colella E, Rizzardini G, Gori A, Clerici M. Strategies to limit immune-activation in HIV patients. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2016; 15:43-54. [PMID: 27762148 DOI: 10.1080/14787210.2017.1250624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Antiretroviral treatment of HIV infection reduces, but does not eliminate, viral replication and down modulates immune activation. The persistence of low level HIV replication in the host, nevertheless, drives a smouldering degree of immune activation that is observed throughout the natural history of disease and is the main driving force sustaining morbidity and mortality. Areas covered: Early start of antiretroviral therapy (ART) and intensive management of behavioural risk factors are possible but, at best, marginally successful ways to manage immune activation. We review alternative, possible strategies to reduce immune activation in HIV infection including timing of ART initiation and ART intensification to reduce HIV residual viremia; switch of ART to newer molecules with reduced toxicity; use of anti inflammatory/immunomodulatory agents and, finally, interventions aimed at modifying the composition of the microbiota. Expert commentary: Current therapeutic strategies to limit immune activation are only marginally successful. Because HIV eradication is currently impossible, intensive studies are needed to determine if and how immune activation can be silenced in HIV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Bandera
- a Clinic of Infectious Diseases, 'San Gerardo' Hospital - ASST Monza, School of Medicine and Surgery , University Milano-Bicocca , Monza , Italy
| | - Elisa Colella
- a Clinic of Infectious Diseases, 'San Gerardo' Hospital - ASST Monza, School of Medicine and Surgery , University Milano-Bicocca , Monza , Italy
| | - Giuliano Rizzardini
- b Department of Infectious Diseases , ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco , Milano , Italy.,c School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Science , University of the Witwatersrand , Johannesburg , South Africa
| | - Andrea Gori
- a Clinic of Infectious Diseases, 'San Gerardo' Hospital - ASST Monza, School of Medicine and Surgery , University Milano-Bicocca , Monza , Italy
| | - Mario Clerici
- d Department of Physiopathology and Transplants , University of Milano , Milano , Italy.,e Don C. Gnocchi Foundation , Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico [IRCCS] , Milano , Italy
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Routy JP, Routy B, Graziani GM, Mehraj V. The Kynurenine Pathway Is a Double-Edged Sword in Immune-Privileged Sites and in Cancer: Implications for Immunotherapy. Int J Tryptophan Res 2016; 9:67-77. [PMID: 27773992 PMCID: PMC5063567 DOI: 10.4137/ijtr.s38355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Revised: 09/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The term “immune privilege” was originally coined to describe the suppression of inflammatory responses within organs protected by anatomic barriers, ie, the eyes, brain, placenta, and testes. However, cellular and metabolic processes, which orchestrate immune responses, also control inflammation within these sites. Our current understanding of tolerogenic mechanisms has extended the definition of immune privilege to include hair follicles, the colon, and cancer. By catabolizing tryptophan, cells expressing the enzyme indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase produce kynurenine metabolites, which orchestrate local and systemic responses to control inflammation, thus maintaining immune privilege. This review highlights the double-edged role played by the kynurenine pathway (KP), which establishes and maintains immune-privileged sites while contributing to cancer immune escape. The identification of the underlying molecular drivers of the KP in immune-privileged sites and in cancer is essential for the development of novel therapies to treat autoimmunity and cancer and to improve transplantation outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Pierre Routy
- Chronic Viral Illness Service, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada.; The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada.; Professor of Medicine, Division of Hematology, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada.; Louis Lowenstein Chair in Hematology and Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Bertrand Routy
- Postdoctoral Fellow, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France.; INSERM U1015, Villejuif, France
| | - Gina M Graziani
- Research Associate, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Vikram Mehraj
- Chronic Viral Illness Service, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada.; Postdoctoral Fellow, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Hoenigl M, Pérez-Santiago J, Nakazawa M, de Oliveira MF, Zhang Y, Finkelman MA, Letendre S, Smith D, Gianella S. (1→3)-β-d-Glucan: A Biomarker for Microbial Translocation in Individuals with Acute or Early HIV Infection? Front Immunol 2016; 7:404. [PMID: 27752257 PMCID: PMC5046804 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The extent of gut microbial translocation, which plays roles in HIV disease progression and non-AIDS comorbidities, appears to vary with the composition of the gut microbiome, particularly the presence of Lactobacillales, which reduce mucosal injury. While low proportions of Lactobacillales in the distal gut microbiome are a very promising indicator of microbial translocation, measurement is expensive and complicated and not feasible for clinical routine. (1→3)-β-d-Glucan (BDG) is a component of most fungal cell walls and might be a surrogate marker for Lactobacillales proportion in the gut and a useful indicator of HIV-associated gut injury. This study evaluated BDG as a biomarker of gut integrity in adults with acute or early HIV infection (AEH). Methods Study samples were collected longitudinally during study visits at weeks 0, 12, and 24 in a cohort of 11 HIV-infected men starting antiretroviral therapy during AEH. Blood plasma levels of BDG, soluble cluster of differentiation 14 (sCD14) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were measured and then correlated with the proportion of Lactobacillales in the distal gut microbiome, as measured by 16s rDNA sequencing by using mixed-effects models with random intercepts. Results Mean BDG and sCD14 levels across subjects were associated with Lactobacillales after controlling for time effects and within-subjects correlations (p-values < 0.05), while LPS levels were not. Specifically, each point increase in mean BDG and sCD14 levels across participants was associated with 0.31 ± 0.14 and 0.03 ± 0.01 percent decrease in mean Lactobacillales proportions, respectively. Conclusion BDG and sCD14 may be indicators of low Lactobacillales in the gut in adults with acute or early HIV infection, and serve as biomarkers of gut integrity and microbial translocation in HIV infection. Larger studies are needed to confirm our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Hoenigl
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA; Section of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Josué Pérez-Santiago
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of California San Diego , San Diego, CA , USA
| | - Masato Nakazawa
- Department of Medicine, AntiViral Research Center, University of California San Diego , San Diego, CA , USA
| | - Michelli Faria de Oliveira
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of California San Diego , San Diego, CA , USA
| | - Yonglong Zhang
- Clinical Development, Associates of Cape Cod, Inc. , Falmouth, MA , USA
| | | | - Scott Letendre
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Neurosciences, HIV Neurobehavioral Research Center, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Davey Smith
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of California San Diego , San Diego, CA , USA
| | - Sara Gianella
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of California San Diego , San Diego, CA , USA
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