1
|
Dash MK, Samal S, Rout S, Behera CK, Sahu MC, Das B. Immunomodulation in dengue: towards deciphering dengue severity markers. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:451. [PMID: 39327552 PMCID: PMC11425918 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-024-01779-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dengue is a vector-borne debilitating disease that is manifested as mild dengue fever, dengue with warning signs, and severe dengue. Dengue infection provokes a collective immune response; in particular, the innate immune response plays a key role in primary infection and adaptive immunity during secondary infection. In this review, we comprehensively walk through the various markers of immune response against dengue pathogenesis and outcome. MAIN BODY Innate immune response against dengue involves a collective response through the expression of proinflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factors (TNFs), interferons (IFNs), and interleukins (ILs), in addition to anti-inflammatory cytokines and toll-like receptors (TLRs) in modulating viral pathogenesis. Monocytes, dendritic cells (DCs), and mast cells are the primary innate immune cells initially infected by DENV. Such immune cells modulate the expression of various markers, which can influence disease severity by aiding virus entry and proinflammatory responses. Adaptive immune response is mainly aided by B and T lymphocytes, which stimulate the formation of germinal centers for plasmablast development and antibody production. Such antibodies are serotype-dependent and can aid in virus entry during secondary infection, mediated through a different serotype, such as in antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE), leading to DENV severity. The entire immunological repertoire is exhibited differently depending on the immune status of the individual. SHORT CONCLUSION Dengue fever through severe dengue proceeds along with the modulated expression of several immune markers. In particular, TLR2, TNF-α, IFN-I, IL-6, IL-8, IL-17 and IL-10, in addition to intermediate monocytes (CD14+CD16+) and Th17 (CD4+IL-17+) cells are highly expressed during severe dengue. Such markers could assist greatly in severity assessment, prompt diagnosis, and treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Kumar Dash
- School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology, Deemed to Be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751024, India
| | - Sagnika Samal
- School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology, Deemed to Be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751024, India
| | - Shailesh Rout
- School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology, Deemed to Be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751024, India
| | - Chinmay Kumar Behera
- Department of Pediatrics, Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences, Deemed to Be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751024, India
| | | | - Biswadeep Das
- School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology, Deemed to Be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751024, India.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Singh T, Miller IG, Venkatayogi S, Webster H, Heimsath HJ, Eudailey JA, Dudley DM, Kumar A, Mangan RJ, Thein A, Aliota MT, Newman CM, Mohns MS, Breitbach ME, Berry M, Friedrich TC, Wiehe K, O'Connor DH, Permar SR. Prior dengue virus serotype 3 infection modulates subsequent plasmablast responses to Zika virus infection in rhesus macaques. mBio 2024; 15:e0316023. [PMID: 38349142 PMCID: PMC10936420 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.03160-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Immunodominant and highly conserved flavivirus envelope proteins can trigger cross-reactive IgG antibodies against related flaviviruses, which shapes subsequent protection or disease severity. This study examined how prior dengue serotype 3 (DENV-3) infection affects subsequent Zika virus (ZIKV) plasmablast responses in rhesus macaques (n = 4). We found that prior DENV-3 infection was not associated with diminished ZIKV-neutralizing antibodies or magnitude of plasmablast activation. Rather, characterization of 363 plasmablasts and their derivative 177 monoclonal antibody supernatants from acute ZIKV infection revealed that prior DENV-3 infection was associated with a differential isotype distribution toward IgG, lower somatic hypermutation, and lesser B cell receptor variable gene diversity as compared with repeat ZIKV challenge. We did not find long-lasting DENV-3 cross-reactive IgG after a ZIKV infection but did find persistent ZIKV-binding cross-reactive IgG after a DENV-3 infection, suggesting non-reciprocal cross-reactive immunity. Infection with ZIKV after DENV-3 boosted pre-existing DENV-3-neutralizing antibodies by two- to threefold, demonstrating immune imprinting. These findings suggest that the order of DENV and ZIKV infections has impact on the quality of early B cell immunity which has implications for optimal immunization strategies. IMPORTANCE The Zika virus epidemic of 2015-2016 in the Americas revealed that this mosquito-transmitted virus could be congenitally transmitted during pregnancy and cause birth defects in newborns. Currently, there are no interventions to mitigate this disease and Zika virus is likely to re-emerge. Understanding how protective antibody responses are generated against Zika virus can help in the development of a safe and effective vaccine. One main challenge is that Zika virus co-circulates with related viruses like dengue, such that prior exposure to one can generate cross-reactive antibodies against the other which may enhance infection and disease from the second virus. In this study, we sought to understand how prior dengue virus infection impacts subsequent immunity to Zika virus by single-cell sequencing of antibody producing cells in a second Zika virus infection. Identifying specific qualities of Zika virus immunity that are modulated by prior dengue virus immunity will enable optimal immunization strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tulika Singh
- Human Vaccine Institute, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Division of Infectious Disease and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
| | | | - Sravani Venkatayogi
- Human Vaccine Institute, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Helen Webster
- Human Vaccine Institute, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Holly J. Heimsath
- Human Vaccine Institute, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Josh A. Eudailey
- Human Vaccine Institute, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Dawn M. Dudley
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Amit Kumar
- Human Vaccine Institute, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Riley J. Mangan
- Human Vaccine Institute, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Amelia Thein
- Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Matthew T. Aliota
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Christina M. Newman
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Mariel S. Mohns
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Meghan E. Breitbach
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Madison Berry
- Human Vaccine Institute, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Thomas C. Friedrich
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Kevin Wiehe
- Human Vaccine Institute, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - David H. O'Connor
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Sallie R. Permar
- Human Vaccine Institute, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lubow J, Levoir LM, Ralph DK, Belmont L, Contreras M, Cartwright-Acar CH, Kikawa C, Kannan S, Davidson E, Duran V, Rebellon-Sanchez DE, Sanz AM, Rosso F, Doranz BJ, Einav S, Matsen IV FA, Goo L. Single B cell transcriptomics identifies multiple isotypes of broadly neutralizing antibodies against flaviviruses. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011722. [PMID: 37812640 PMCID: PMC10586629 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Sequential dengue virus (DENV) infections often generate neutralizing antibodies against all four DENV serotypes and sometimes, Zika virus. Characterizing cross-flavivirus broadly neutralizing antibody (bnAb) responses can inform countermeasures that avoid enhancement of infection associated with non-neutralizing antibodies. Here, we used single cell transcriptomics to mine the bnAb repertoire following repeated DENV infections. We identified several new bnAbs with comparable or superior breadth and potency to known bnAbs, and with distinct recognition determinants. Unlike all known flavivirus bnAbs, which are IgG1, one newly identified cross-flavivirus bnAb (F25.S02) was derived from IgA1. Both IgG1 and IgA1 versions of F25.S02 and known bnAbs displayed neutralizing activity, but only IgG1 enhanced infection in monocytes expressing IgG and IgA Fc receptors. Moreover, IgG-mediated enhancement of infection was inhibited by IgA1 versions of bnAbs. We demonstrate a role for IgA in flavivirus infection and immunity with implications for vaccine and therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jay Lubow
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Lisa M. Levoir
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Duncan K. Ralph
- Computational Biology Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Laura Belmont
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Maya Contreras
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Catiana H. Cartwright-Acar
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Caroline Kikawa
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Shruthi Kannan
- Integral Molecular, Inc., Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Edgar Davidson
- Integral Molecular, Inc., Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Veronica Duran
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | | | - Ana M. Sanz
- Clinical Research Center, Fundación Valle del Lili, Cali, Colombia
| | - Fernando Rosso
- Clinical Research Center, Fundación Valle del Lili, Cali, Colombia
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Fundación Valle del Lili, Cali, Colombia
| | - Benjamin J. Doranz
- Integral Molecular, Inc., Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Shirit Einav
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Frederick A. Matsen IV
- Computational Biology Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Statistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Leslie Goo
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Keelapang P, Kraivong R, Pulmanausahakul R, Sriburi R, Prompetchara E, Kaewmaneephong J, Charoensri N, Pakchotanon P, Duangchinda T, Suparattanagool P, Luangaram P, Masrinoul P, Mongkolsapaya J, Screaton G, Ruxrungtham K, Auewarakul P, Yoksan S, Malasit P, Puttikhunt C, Ketloy C, Sittisombut N. Blockade-of-Binding Activities toward Envelope-Associated, Type-Specific Epitopes as a Correlative Marker for Dengue Virus-Neutralizing Antibody. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0091823. [PMID: 37409936 PMCID: PMC10433959 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00918-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Humans infected with dengue virus (DENV) acquire long-term protection against the infecting serotype, whereas cross-protection against other serotypes is short-lived. Long-term protection induced by low levels of type-specific neutralizing antibodies can be assessed using the virus-neutralizing antibody test. However, this test is laborious and time-consuming. In this study, a blockade-of-binding enzyme-linked immunoassay was developed to assess antibody activity by using a set of neutralizing anti-E monoclonal antibodies and blood samples from dengue virus-infected or -immunized macaques. Diluted blood samples were incubated with plate-bound dengue virus particles before the addition of an enzyme-conjugated antibody specific to the epitope of interest. Based on blocking reference curves constructed using autologous purified antibodies, sample blocking activity was determined as the relative concentration of unconjugated antibody that resulted in the same percent signal reduction. In separate DENV-1-, -2-, -3-, and -4-related sets of samples, moderate to strong correlations of the blocking activity with neutralizing antibody titers were found with the four type-specific antibodies 1F4, 3H5, 8A1, and 5H2, respectively. Significant correlations were observed for single samples taken 1 month after infection as well as samples drawn before and at various time points after infection/immunization. Similar testing using a cross-reactive EDE-1 antibody revealed a moderate correlation between the blocking activity and the neutralizing antibody titer only for the DENV-2-related set. The potential usefulness of the blockade-of-binding activity as a correlative marker of neutralizing antibodies against dengue viruses needs to be validated in humans. IMPORTANCE This study describes a blockade-of-binding assay for the determination of antibodies that recognize a selected set of serotype-specific or group-reactive epitopes in the envelope of dengue virus. By employing blood samples collected from dengue virus-infected or -immunized macaques, moderate to strong correlations of the epitope-blocking activities with the virus-neutralizing antibody titers were observed with serotype-specific blocking activities for each of the four dengue serotypes. This simple, rapid, and less laborious method should be useful for the evaluation of antibody responses to dengue virus infection and may serve as, or be a component of, an in vitro correlate of protection against dengue in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Poonsook Keelapang
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Medical Biotechnology Research Unit, BIOTEC, NSTDA, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Romchat Kraivong
- Medical Biotechnology Research Unit, BIOTEC, NSTDA, Bangkok, Thailand
- Molecular Biology of Dengue and Flaviviruses Research Team, Medical Molecular Biotechnology Research Group, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathumthani, Thailand
- Division of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever Research, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Siriraj Center of Research Excellence in Dengue and Emerging Pathogens, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Rungtawan Sriburi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Medical Biotechnology Research Unit, BIOTEC, NSTDA, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Eakachai Prompetchara
- Center of Excellence in Vaccine Research and Development (Chula-VRC), Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Jutamart Kaewmaneephong
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Nicha Charoensri
- Center for Research and Development of Medical Diagnostic Laboratories, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Pattarakul Pakchotanon
- Medical Biotechnology Research Unit, BIOTEC, NSTDA, Bangkok, Thailand
- Molecular Biology of Dengue and Flaviviruses Research Team, Medical Molecular Biotechnology Research Group, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Thaneeya Duangchinda
- Medical Biotechnology Research Unit, BIOTEC, NSTDA, Bangkok, Thailand
- Molecular Biology of Dengue and Flaviviruses Research Team, Medical Molecular Biotechnology Research Group, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathumthani, Thailand
- Division of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever Research, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Siriraj Center of Research Excellence in Dengue and Emerging Pathogens, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Prasit Luangaram
- Medical Biotechnology Research Unit, BIOTEC, NSTDA, Bangkok, Thailand
- Molecular Biology of Dengue and Flaviviruses Research Team, Medical Molecular Biotechnology Research Group, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Promsin Masrinoul
- Center for Vaccine Development, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University at Salaya, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Juthathip Mongkolsapaya
- Division of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever Research, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Siriraj Center of Research Excellence in Dengue and Emerging Pathogens, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Chinese Academy of Medical Science (CAMS), Oxford Institute (COI), University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Gavin Screaton
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Chinese Academy of Medical Science (CAMS), Oxford Institute (COI), University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Kiat Ruxrungtham
- Center of Excellence in Vaccine Research and Development (Chula-VRC), Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Prasert Auewarakul
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sutee Yoksan
- Center for Vaccine Development, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University at Salaya, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Prida Malasit
- Medical Biotechnology Research Unit, BIOTEC, NSTDA, Bangkok, Thailand
- Molecular Biology of Dengue and Flaviviruses Research Team, Medical Molecular Biotechnology Research Group, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathumthani, Thailand
- Division of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever Research, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Siriraj Center of Research Excellence in Dengue and Emerging Pathogens, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chunya Puttikhunt
- Medical Biotechnology Research Unit, BIOTEC, NSTDA, Bangkok, Thailand
- Molecular Biology of Dengue and Flaviviruses Research Team, Medical Molecular Biotechnology Research Group, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathumthani, Thailand
- Division of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever Research, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Siriraj Center of Research Excellence in Dengue and Emerging Pathogens, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chutitorn Ketloy
- Center of Excellence in Vaccine Research and Development (Chula-VRC), Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nopporn Sittisombut
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Medical Biotechnology Research Unit, BIOTEC, NSTDA, Bangkok, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Lubow J, Levoir LM, Ralph DK, Belmont L, Contreras M, Cartwright-Acar CH, Kikawa C, Kannan S, Davidson E, Doranz BJ, Duran V, Sanchez DE, Sanz AM, Rosso F, Einav S, Matsen FA, Goo L. Single B cell transcriptomics identifies multiple isotypes of broadly neutralizing antibodies against flaviviruses. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.04.09.536175. [PMID: 37090561 PMCID: PMC10120628 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.09.536175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
Sequential dengue virus (DENV) infections often generate neutralizing antibodies against all four DENV serotypes and sometimes, Zika virus. Characterizing cross-flavivirus broadly neutralizing antibody (bnAb) responses can inform countermeasure strategies that avoid infection enhancement associated with non-neutralizing antibodies. Here, we used single cell transcriptomics to mine the bnAb repertoire following secondary DENV infection. We identified several new bnAbs with comparable or superior breadth and potency to known bnAbs, and with distinct recognition determinants. Unlike all known flavivirus bnAbs, which are IgG1, one newly identified cross-flavivirus bnAb (F25.S02) was derived from IgA1. Both IgG1 and IgA1 versions of F25.S02 and known bnAbs displayed neutralizing activity, but only IgG1 enhanced infection in monocytes expressing IgG and IgA Fc receptors. Moreover, IgG-mediated enhancement of infection was inhibited by IgA1 versions of bnAbs. We demonstrate a role for IgA in flavivirus infection and immunity with implications for vaccine and therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
|
6
|
Lindesmith LC, Brewer-Jensen PD, Conrad H, O’Reilly KM, Mallory ML, Kelly D, Williams R, Edmunds WJ, Allen DJ, Breuer J, Baric RS. Emergent variant modeling of the serological repertoire to norovirus in young children. Cell Rep Med 2023; 4:100954. [PMID: 36854303 PMCID: PMC10040388 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2023.100954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
Human norovirus is the leading cause of acute gastroenteritis. Young children and the elderly bear the greatest burden of disease, representing more than 200,000 deaths annually. Infection prevalence peaks at younger than 2 years and is driven by novel GII.4 variants that emerge and spread globally. Using a surrogate neutralization assay, we characterize the evolution of the serological neutralizing antibody (nAb) landscape in young children as they transition between sequential GII.4 pandemic variants. Following upsurge of the replacement variant, antigenic cartography illustrates remodeling of the nAb landscape to the new variant accompanied by improved nAb titer. However, nAb relative avidity remains focused on the preceding variant. These data support immune imprinting as a mechanism of immune evasion and GII.4 virus persistence across a population. Understanding the complexities of immunity to rapidly evolving and co-circulating viral variants, like those of norovirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2), and dengue viruses, will fundamentally inform vaccine design for emerging pathogens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa C. Lindesmith
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Paul D. Brewer-Jensen
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Helen Conrad
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Kathleen M. O’Reilly
- Centre for Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Diseases and Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1EW 7HT, UK
| | - Michael L. Mallory
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Daniel Kelly
- Department of Infection Biology, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Rachel Williams
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, UK
- Department of Genetics & Genomic Medicine, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - W. John Edmunds
- Centre for Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Diseases and Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1EW 7HT, UK
| | - David J. Allen
- Department of Infection Biology, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Judith Breuer
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, UK
- Department of Microbiology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London WC1N 3JH, UK
| | - Ralph S. Baric
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Gaspar-Castillo C, Rodríguez MH, Ortiz-Navarrete V, Alpuche-Aranda CM, Martinez-Barnetche J. Structural and immunological basis of cross-reactivity between dengue and Zika infections: Implications in serosurveillance in endemic regions. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1107496. [PMID: 37007463 PMCID: PMC10063793 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1107496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Dengue and Zika are arthropod-borne viral diseases present in more than 100 countries around the world. In the past decade, Zika emerged causing widespread outbreaks in new regions, where dengue has been endemic-epidemic for a long period. The wide and extensive dissemination of the mosquito vectors, Aedes aegypti, and Ae. albopictus, favor the co-existence of both infections in the same regions. Together with an important proportion of asymptomatic infections, similar clinical manifestations, and a short time window for acute infection confirmatory tests, it is difficult to differentially estimate both dengue and Zika incidence and prevalence. DENV and ZIKV flavivirus share high structural similarity, inducing a cross-reactive immune response that leads to false positives in serological tests particularly in secondary infections. This results in overestimation of recent Zika outbreaks seroprevalence in dengue endemic regions. In this review, we address the biological basis underlying DENV and ZIKV structural homology; the structural and cellular basis of immunological cross reactivity; and the resulting difficulties in measuring dengue and Zika seroprevalence. Finally, we offer a perspective about the need for more research to improve serological tests performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Gaspar-Castillo
- Center for Infectious Diseases Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Mario H. Rodríguez
- Center for Infectious Diseases Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Vianney Ortiz-Navarrete
- Department of Molecular Biomedicine, Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Celia M. Alpuche-Aranda
- Center for Infectious Diseases Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico
- Celia M. Alpuche-Aranda,
| | - Jesus Martinez-Barnetche
- Center for Infectious Diseases Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico
- *Correspondence: Jesus Martinez-Barnetche,
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Sandberg JT, Löfling M, Varnaitė R, Emgård J, Al-Tawil N, Lindquist L, Gredmark-Russ S, Klingström J, Loré K, Blom K, Ljunggren HG. Safety and immunogenicity following co-administration of Yellow fever vaccine with Tick-borne encephalitis or Japanese encephalitis vaccines: Results from an open label, non-randomized clinical trial. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2023; 17:e0010616. [PMID: 36758067 PMCID: PMC9946270 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0010616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Flavivirus infections pose a significant global health burden underscoring the need for the development of safe and effective vaccination strategies. Available flavivirus vaccines are from time to time concomitantly delivered to individuals. Co-administration of different vaccines saves time and visits to health care units and vaccine clinics. It serves to provide protection against multiple pathogens in a shorter time-span; e.g., for individuals travelling to different endemic areas. However, safety and immunogenicity-related responses have not been appropriately evaluated upon concomitant delivery of these vaccines. Therefore, we performed an open label, non-randomized clinical trial studying the safety and immunogenicity following concomitant delivery of the yellow fever virus (YFV) vaccine with tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) and Japanese encephalitis virus (JE) virus vaccines. METHODS AND FINDINGS Following screening, healthy study participants were enrolled into different cohorts receiving either TBEV and YFV vaccines, JEV and YFV vaccines, or in control groups receiving only the TBEV, JEV, or YFV vaccine. Concomitant delivery was given in the same or different upper arms for comparison in the co-vaccination cohorts. Adverse effects were recorded throughout the study period and blood samples were taken before and at multiple time-points following vaccination to evaluate immunological responses to the vaccines. Adverse events were predominantly mild in the study groups. Four serious adverse events (SAE) were reported, none of them deemed related to vaccination. The development of neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) against TBEV, JEV, or YFV was not affected by the concomitant vaccination strategy. Concomitant vaccination in the same or different upper arms did not significantly affect safety or immunogenicity-related outcomes. Exploratory studies on immunological effects were additionally performed and included studies of lymphocyte activation, correlates associated with germinal center activation, and plasmablast expansion. CONCLUSIONS Inactivated TBEV or JEV vaccines can be co-administered with the live attenuated YFV vaccine without an increased risk of adverse events and without reduced development of nAbs to the respective viruses. The vaccines can be delivered in the same upper arm without negative outcome. In a broader perspective, the results add valuable information for simultaneous administration of live and inactivated flavivirus vaccines in general. TRIAL REGISTRATION Eudra CT 2017-002137-32.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John Tyler Sandberg
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marie Löfling
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Renata Varnaitė
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johanna Emgård
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nabil Al-Tawil
- Karolinska Trial Alliance, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars Lindquist
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sara Gredmark-Russ
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jonas Klingström
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Karin Loré
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kim Blom
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hans-Gustaf Ljunggren
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Aguilar-Bretones M, Fouchier RA, Koopmans MP, van Nierop GP. Impact of antigenic evolution and original antigenic sin on SARS-CoV-2 immunity. J Clin Invest 2023; 133:e162192. [PMID: 36594464 PMCID: PMC9797340 DOI: 10.1172/jci162192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Infections with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and vaccinations targeting the spike protein (S) offer protective immunity against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This immunity may further be shaped by cross-reactivity with common cold coronaviruses. Mutations arising in S that are associated with altered intrinsic virus properties and immune escape result in the continued circulation of SARS-CoV-2 variants. Potentially, vaccine updates will be required to protect against future variants of concern, as for influenza. To offer potent protection against future variants, these second-generation vaccines may need to redirect immunity to epitopes associated with immune escape and not merely boost immunity toward conserved domains in preimmune individuals. For influenza, efficacy of repeated vaccination is hampered by original antigenic sin, an attribute of immune memory that leads to greater induction of antibodies specific to the first-encountered variant of an immunogen compared with subsequent variants. In this Review, recent findings on original antigenic sin are discussed in the context of SARS-CoV-2 evolution. Unanswered questions and future directions are highlighted, with an emphasis on the impact on disease outcome and vaccine design.
Collapse
|
10
|
Kim J, Lim TY, Park J, Jang YS. Recombinant Protein Mimicking the Antigenic Structure of the Viral Surface Envelope Protein Reinforces Induction of an Antigen-Specific and Virus-Neutralizing Immune Response Against Dengue Virus. J Microbiol 2023; 61:131-143. [PMID: 36723792 PMCID: PMC9890423 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-023-00021-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV), belonging to the family Flaviviridae, is the causative agent of dengue and comprises four serotypes. A second heterologous DENV infection is a critical risk factor for severe dengue, and no effective vaccine is available to prevent infection by all four DENV serotypes. Recombinant DENV vaccines are primarily based on the envelope proteins, prM and E. The E protein and its envelope domain III (EDIII) have been investigated as candidate antigens (Ags) for recombinant subunit vaccines. However, most EDIII-based Ags are monomers that do not display the cognate antigenic structure of E protein, which is essential for induction of virus-neutralizing immunity. Here, we developed recombinant DENV-2 envelope domain (r2ED) protein as an Ag that mimics the quaternary structure of E protein on the DENV surface. We confirmed that r2ED retained the conformational epitope displayed at the E-dimer interface, which reportedly exhibits broad virus-neutralizing capacity, without displaying the fusion loop epitope that causes antibody (Ab)-dependent enhancement. Furthermore, compared with EDIII alone, r2ED elicited stronger Ag-specific and cross-reactive neutralizing Ab and T cell-mediated immune responses in mice. This Ag-specific immunity was maintained at an elevated level 6 months after the last immunization, suggesting sustained Ag-specific immune memory. Taken together, these observations suggest that r2ED could be used to develop an improved subunit vaccine capable of inducing a broadly cross-reactive and long-lasting immune response against DENV infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ju Kim
- Department of Molecular Biology and the Institute for Molecular Biology and Genetics, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896 Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Young Lim
- Innovative Research and Education Center for Integrated Bioactive Materials and the Department of Bioactive Material Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896 Republic of Korea ,Present Address: Genexine Inc, Seoul, 07789 Republic of Korea
| | - Jisang Park
- Department of Molecular Biology and the Institute for Molecular Biology and Genetics, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896 Republic of Korea ,Innovative Research and Education Center for Integrated Bioactive Materials and the Department of Bioactive Material Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896 Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Suk Jang
- Department of Molecular Biology and the Institute for Molecular Biology and Genetics, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, Republic of Korea. .,Innovative Research and Education Center for Integrated Bioactive Materials and the Department of Bioactive Material Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Bioactive Material Sciences and Research Center of Bioactive Materials, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
McCarthy MW. Original antigen sin and COVID-19: implications for seasonal vaccination. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2022; 22:1353-1358. [PMID: 36243027 DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2022.2137402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Original antigenic sin describes the phenomenon in which immunity against pathogens or antigens is shaped by the host's first exposure to a related pathogen or antigen. AREAS COVERED When primary immunity is boosted not by the homologous but by a cross-reacting vaccine, the newly formed antibodies may react better with the primary antigen than with the antigen actually eliciting the response. This form of immune imprinting, which has been observed with influenza, dengue, human immunodeficiency virus, and other pathogens, has profound implications for the approach to seasonal vaccination against a variety of diseases, including COVID-19. EXPERT OPINION Public health agencies and regulatory bodies have consistently recommended repeated vaccination every few months as a way to protect against COVID-19. However, the risks and benefits of this approach requires scrutiny given the concern for original antigenic sin in response to SARS-CoV-2. This manuscript examines what is known about immune imprinting and looks ahead to explore how this phenomenon may impact seasonal vaccination against emerging SARS-CoV-2 subvariants such as BA.4, BA.5, and BA.5.1, which have been associated increased transmissibility due to enhanced immune escape.
Collapse
|
12
|
Marzan-Rivera N, Serrano-Collazo C, Cruz L, Pantoja P, Ortiz-Rosa A, Arana T, Martinez MI, Burgos AG, Roman C, Mendez LB, Geerling E, Pinto AK, Brien JD, Sariol CA. Infection order outweighs the role of CD4 + T cells in tertiary flavivirus exposure. iScience 2022; 25:104764. [PMID: 35982798 PMCID: PMC9379573 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The link between CD4+ T and B cells during immune responses to DENV and ZIKV and their roles in cross-protection during heterologous infection is an active area of research. Here we used CD4+ lymphocyte depletions to dissect the impact of cellular immunity on humoral responses during a tertiary flavivirus infection in macaques. We show that CD4+ depletion in DENV/ZIKV-primed animals followed by DENV resulted in dysregulated adaptive immune responses. We show a delay in DENV-specific IgM/IgG antibody titers and binding and neutralization in the DENV/ZIKV-primed CD4-depleted animals but not in ZIKV/DENV-primed CD4-depleted animals. This study confirms the critical role of CD4+ cells in priming an early effective humoral response during sequential flavivirus infections. Our work here suggests that the order of flavivirus exposure affects the outcome of a tertiary infection. Our findings have implications for understanding the complex flavivirus immune responses and for the development of effective flavivirus vaccines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Marzan-Rivera
- Department of Microbiology and Medical Zoology, University of Puerto Rico-Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, PR 00935, USA
| | - Crisanta Serrano-Collazo
- Unit of Comparative Medicine, University of Puerto Rico-Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, PR 00935, USA
| | - Lorna Cruz
- Department of Microbiology and Medical Zoology, University of Puerto Rico-Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, PR 00935, USA
- Unit of Comparative Medicine, University of Puerto Rico-Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, PR 00935, USA
| | - Petraleigh Pantoja
- Unit of Comparative Medicine, University of Puerto Rico-Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, PR 00935, USA
| | - Alexandra Ortiz-Rosa
- Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico Rio Piedras Campus, San Juan, PR 00931, USA
| | - Teresa Arana
- Department of Microbiology and Medical Zoology, University of Puerto Rico-Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, PR 00935, USA
- Unit of Comparative Medicine, University of Puerto Rico-Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, PR 00935, USA
| | - Melween I. Martinez
- Unit of Comparative Medicine, University of Puerto Rico-Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, PR 00935, USA
- Caribbean Primate Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Puerto Rico-Medical Sciences Campus, Toa Baja, PR 00952, USA
| | - Armando G. Burgos
- Unit of Comparative Medicine, University of Puerto Rico-Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, PR 00935, USA
- Caribbean Primate Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Puerto Rico-Medical Sciences Campus, Toa Baja, PR 00952, USA
| | - Chiara Roman
- Unit of Comparative Medicine, University of Puerto Rico-Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, PR 00935, USA
| | - Loyda B. Mendez
- Department of Science & Technology, Universidad Ana G. Mendez, Recinto de Carolina, Carolina, PR 00985, USA
| | - Elizabeth Geerling
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University, St Louis, MO 631204, USA
| | - Amelia K. Pinto
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University, St Louis, MO 631204, USA
| | - James D. Brien
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University, St Louis, MO 631204, USA
| | - Carlos A. Sariol
- Department of Microbiology and Medical Zoology, University of Puerto Rico-Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, PR 00935, USA
- Unit of Comparative Medicine, University of Puerto Rico-Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, PR 00935, USA
- Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico Rio Piedras Campus, San Juan, PR 00931, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Puerto Rico-Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, PR 00935, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Development of a Monoclonal Antibody to a Vibriophage as a Proxy for Vibrio cholerae Detection. Infect Immun 2022; 90:e0016122. [PMID: 35862704 PMCID: PMC9387236 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00161-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholera is an acute watery, diarrheal disease that causes high rates of morbidity and mortality without treatment. Early detection of the etiologic agent of toxigenic Vibrio cholerae is important to mobilize treatment and mitigate outbreaks. Monoclonal antibody (mAb) based rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) enable early detection in settings without laboratory capacity. However, the odds of an RDT testing positive are reduced by nearly 90% when the common virulent bacteriophage ICP1 is present. We hypothesize that adding a mAb for the common, and specific, virulent bacteriophage ICP1 as a proxy for V. cholerae to an RDT will increase diagnostic sensitivity when virulent ICP1 phage is present. In this study, we used an in-silico approach to identify immunogenic ICP1 protein targets that were conserved across disparate time periods and locations. Specificity of targets to cholera patients with known ICP1 was determined, and specific targets were used to produce mAbs in a murine model. Candidate mAbs to the head protein demonstrated specificity to ICP1 by Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and an ICP1 phage neutralization assay. The limit of detection of the final mAb candidate for ICP1 phage particles spiked into cholera stool matrix was 8 × 105 PFU by Western blotting analysis. This mAb will be incorporated into a RDT prototype for evaluation in a future diagnostic study to test the guiding hypothesis behind this study.
Collapse
|
14
|
Yong YK, Wong WF, Vignesh R, Chattopadhyay I, Velu V, Tan HY, Zhang Y, Larsson M, Shankar EM. Dengue Infection - Recent Advances in Disease Pathogenesis in the Era of COVID-19. Front Immunol 2022; 13:889196. [PMID: 35874775 PMCID: PMC9299105 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.889196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The dynamics of host-virus interactions, and impairment of the host’s immune surveillance by dengue virus (DENV) serotypes largely remain ambiguous. Several experimental and preclinical studies have demonstrated how the virus brings about severe disease by activating immune cells and other key elements of the inflammatory cascade. Plasmablasts are activated during primary and secondary infections, and play a determinative role in severe dengue. The cross-reactivity of DENV immune responses with other flaviviruses can have implications both for cross-protection and severity of disease. The consequences of a cross-reactivity between DENV and anti-SARS-CoV-2 responses are highly relevant in endemic areas. Here, we review the latest progress in the understanding of dengue immunopathogenesis and provide suggestions to the development of target strategies against dengue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yean Kong Yong
- Laboratory Centre, Xiamen University Malaysia, Sepang, Malaysia
- *Correspondence: Esaki M. Shankar, ; Yean Kong Yong,
| | - Won Fen Wong
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ramachandran Vignesh
- Preclinical Department, Royal College of Medicine Perak (UniKL RCMP), Universiti Kuala Lumpur, Ipoh, Malaysia
| | - Indranil Chattopadhyay
- Cancer and Microbiome Biology, Department of Life Sciences, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Thiruvarur, India
| | - Vijayakumar Velu
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory Vaccine Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta GA, United States
| | - Hong Yien Tan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xiamen University Malaysia, Sepang, Malaysia
| | - Ying Zhang
- Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Malaysia, Sepang, Malaysia
| | - Marie Larsson
- Molecular Medicine and Virology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Esaki M. Shankar
- Infection Biology, Department of Life Sciences, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Thiruvarur, India
- *Correspondence: Esaki M. Shankar, ; Yean Kong Yong,
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Dengue Vaccines: An Update. BioDrugs 2022; 36:325-336. [PMID: 35608749 PMCID: PMC9127483 DOI: 10.1007/s40259-022-00531-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Dengue is one of the most prevalent mosquito-borne diseases in the world, affecting an estimated 390 million people each year, according to models. For the last two decades, efforts to develop safe and effective vaccines to prevent dengue virus (DENV) infections have faced several challenges, mostly related to the complexity of conducting long-term studies to evaluate vaccine efficacy and safety to rule out the risk of vaccine-induced DHS/DSS, particularly in children. At least seven DENV vaccines have undergone different phases of clinical trials; however, only three of them (Dengvaxia®, TV003, and TAK-003) have showed promising results, and are addressed in detail in this review in terms of their molecular design, efficacy, and immunogenicity. Safety-related challenges during DENV vaccine development are also discussed.
Collapse
|
16
|
Mapalagamage M, Weiskopf D, Sette A, De Silva AD. Current Understanding of the Role of T Cells in Chikungunya, Dengue and Zika Infections. Viruses 2022; 14:v14020242. [PMID: 35215836 PMCID: PMC8878350 DOI: 10.3390/v14020242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Arboviral infections such as Chikungunya (CHIKV), Dengue (DENV) and Zika (ZIKV) are a major disease burden in tropical and sub-tropical countries, and there are no effective vaccinations or therapeutic drugs available at this time. Understanding the role of the T cell response is very important when designing effective vaccines. Currently, comprehensive identification of T cell epitopes during a DENV infection shows that CD8 and CD4 T cells and their specific phenotypes play protective and pathogenic roles. The protective role of CD8 T cells in DENV is carried out through the killing of infected cells and the production of proinflammatory cytokines, as CD4 T cells enhance B cell and CD8 T cell activities. A limited number of studies attempted to identify the involvement of T cells in CHIKV and ZIKV infection. The identification of human immunodominant ZIKV viral epitopes responsive to specific T cells is scarce, and none have been identified for CHIKV. In CHIKV infection, CD8 T cells are activated during the acute phase in the lymph nodes/blood, and CD4 T cells are activated during the chronic phase in the joints/muscles. Studies on the role of T cells in ZIKV-neuropathogenesis are limited and need to be explored. Many studies have shown the modulating actions of T cells due to cross-reactivity between DENV-ZIKV co-infections and have repeated heterologous/homologous DENV infection, which is an important factor to consider when developing an effective vaccine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maheshi Mapalagamage
- Department of Zoology and Environment Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Colombo, Colombo 00700, Sri Lanka;
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; (D.W.); (A.S.)
| | - Daniela Weiskopf
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; (D.W.); (A.S.)
| | - Alessandro Sette
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; (D.W.); (A.S.)
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, University of California San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Aruna Dharshan De Silva
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; (D.W.); (A.S.)
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, General Sir John Kotelawala Defence University, Colombo 10390, Sri Lanka
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Optimization of Flow-Cytometry Based Assay for Measuring Neutralizing Antibody Responses against Each of the Four Dengue Virus Serotypes. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9111339. [PMID: 34835270 PMCID: PMC8619405 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9111339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue is an important public health problem worldwide, with India contributing nearly a third of global dengue disease burden. The measurement of neutralizing antibody responses is critical for understanding dengue pathophysiology, vaccine development and evaluation. Historically, dengue virus neutralization titers were measured using plaque reduction neutralization tests (PRNTs), which were later adapted to focus reduction neutralization tests (FRNTs). Given the slow and laborious nature of both these assays, there has been interest in adapting a high-throughput flow cytometry based neutralization assay. However, flow cytometry based assays typically underestimate neutralization titers, and in situations where the titers are low they can even fail to detect neutralization activity. In this study, by evaluating graded numbers of input Vero cell numbers and viral inoculum, we optimized the flow cytometry based neutralization assay in such a way that it is sensitive and scores titers that are in concordance with focus reduction neutralization tests for each of the four dengue virus serotypes (p < 0.0001). Given that dengue is a global public health concern, and several research groups are making efforts to understand its pathophysiology and accelerate vaccine development and evaluation both in India and worldwide, our findings have timely significance for facilitating these efforts.
Collapse
|
18
|
Aggarwal C, Saini K, Reddy ES, Singla M, Nayak K, Chawla YM, Maheshwari D, Singh P, Sharma P, Bhatnagar P, Kumar S, Gottimukkala K, Panda H, Gunisetty S, Davis CW, Kissick HT, Kabra SK, Lodha R, Medigeshi GR, Ahmed R, Murali-Krishna K, Chandele A. Immunophenotyping and Transcriptional Profiling of Human Plasmablasts in Dengue. J Virol 2021; 95:e0061021. [PMID: 34523972 PMCID: PMC8577383 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00610-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasmablasts represent a specialized class of antibody-secreting effector B cells that transiently appear in blood circulation following infection or vaccination. The expansion of these cells generally tends to be massive in patients with systemic infections such as dengue or Ebola that cause hemorrhagic fever. To gain a detailed understanding of human plasmablast responses beyond antibody expression, here, we performed immunophenotyping and RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis of the plasmablasts from dengue febrile children in India. We found that plasmablasts expressed several adhesion molecules and chemokines or chemokine receptors that are involved in endothelial interactions or homing to inflamed tissues, including skin, mucosa, and intestine, and upregulated the expression of several cytokine genes that are involved in leukocyte extravasation and angiogenesis. These plasmablasts also upregulated the expression of receptors for several B-cell prosurvival cytokines that are known to be induced robustly in systemic viral infections such as dengue, some of which generally tend to be relatively higher in patients manifesting hemorrhage and/or shock than in patients with mild febrile infection. These findings improve our understanding of human plasmablast responses during the acute febrile phase of systemic dengue infection. IMPORTANCE Dengue is globally spreading, with over 100 million clinical cases annually, with symptoms ranging from mild self-limiting febrile illness to more severe and sometimes life-threatening dengue hemorrhagic fever or shock, especially among children. The pathophysiology of dengue is complex and remains poorly understood despite many advances indicating a key role for antibody-dependent enhancement of infection. While serum antibodies have been extensively studied, the characteristics of the early cellular factories responsible for antibody production, i.e., plasmablasts, are only beginning to emerge. This study provides a comprehensive understanding of the transcriptional profiles of human plasmablasts from dengue patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charu Aggarwal
- ICGEB-Emory Vaccine Center, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Keshav Saini
- ICGEB-Emory Vaccine Center, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Elluri Seetharami Reddy
- ICGEB-Emory Vaccine Center, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
- Kusuma School of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi, India
| | - Mohit Singla
- Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, India
| | - Kaustuv Nayak
- ICGEB-Emory Vaccine Center, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Yadya M. Chawla
- ICGEB-Emory Vaccine Center, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Deepti Maheshwari
- ICGEB-Emory Vaccine Center, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Prabhat Singh
- ICGEB-Emory Vaccine Center, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Pragati Sharma
- ICGEB-Emory Vaccine Center, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Priya Bhatnagar
- ICGEB-Emory Vaccine Center, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
- TERI School of Advanced Studies, New Delhi, India
| | - Sanjeev Kumar
- ICGEB-Emory Vaccine Center, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Kamalvishnu Gottimukkala
- ICGEB-Emory Vaccine Center, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Harekrushna Panda
- ICGEB-Emory Vaccine Center, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Sivaram Gunisetty
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Disease, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Carl W. Davis
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Haydn Thomas Kissick
- Department of Microbiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Sushil Kumar Kabra
- Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, India
| | - Rakesh Lodha
- Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Rafi Ahmed
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Kaja Murali-Krishna
- ICGEB-Emory Vaccine Center, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Disease, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Anmol Chandele
- ICGEB-Emory Vaccine Center, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Endale A, Medhin G, Darfiro K, Kebede N, Legesse M. Magnitude of Antibody Cross-Reactivity in Medically Important Mosquito-Borne Flaviviruses: A Systematic Review. Infect Drug Resist 2021; 14:4291-4299. [PMID: 34703255 PMCID: PMC8541746 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s336351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Flaviviruses are a genus of enveloped single-stranded RNA viruses that include dengue virus (DENV), yellow fever virus, West Nile virus (WNV), Japanese encephalitis virus, and Zika virus. Nowadays, diverse serological assays are available to diagnose flaviviruses. However, infection with flaviviruses induces cross-reactive antibodies, which are a challenge for serological diagnosis. Objective This systematic review aimed to assess the magnitude of medically important mosquito-borne flavivirus–induced antibody cross-reactivity and its influence on serological test outcomes. Methods This study was designed based on the PRISMA guidelines. It includes original research articles published between 1994 and 2019 that reported serological cross-reactions between medically important mosquito-borne flaviviruses. Articles were searched on PubMed using controlled vocabulary. Eligibility was assessed by title, abstract, and finally by reading the full paper. The articles included are compared, evaluated, and summarized narratively. Results A total of 2,911 articles were identified, and finally 14 were included. About 15.4%–84% of antibodies produced against non-DENV flaviviruses were cross-reactive with DENV on different assays. Up to 30% IgM and up to 60% IgG antibodies produced against non-WNV flaviviruses were cross-reactive with WNV on EIA assays. The magnitude of antibodies produced against flaviviruses that are cross-reactive with chikungunya virus (Alphavirus) was minimal (only about 7%). The highest antibody cross-reactivity of flaviviruses was reported in IgG-based assays compared to IgM-based assays and assays based on E-specific immunoglobulin compared to NS1-specific immunoglobulin. It was found that preexisting immunity due to vaccination or prior flavivirus exposure to antigenetically related species enhanced the cross-reactive antibody titer. Conclusion This review found the highest cross-reaction between DENV and non-DENV flaviviruses, especially yellow fever virus, and the least between chikungunya virus and DENV. Moreover, cross-reaction was higher on IgG assays than IgM ones and assays based on Eprotein compared to NS1protein. This implies that the reliability of serological test results in areas where more than one flavivirus exists is questionable. Therefore, interpretation of the existing serological assays should be undertaken with a great caution. Furthermore, research on novel diagnostic signatures for differential diagnosis of flaviviruses is needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adugna Endale
- Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.,School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dire Dawa University, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia
| | - Girmay Medhin
- Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Koyamo Darfiro
- Department of External Quality Assessment, Hossaena Public Health Institute Laboratory, Hossaena, Ethiopia
| | - Nigatu Kebede
- Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Mengistu Legesse
- Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Competitive ELISA for a serologic test to detect dengue serotype-specific anti-NS1 IgGs using high-affinity UB-DNA aptamers. Sci Rep 2021; 11:18000. [PMID: 34504185 PMCID: PMC8429655 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-97339-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Serologic tests to detect specific IgGs to antigens related to viral infections are urgently needed for diagnostics and therapeutics. We present a diagnostic method for serotype-specific IgG identification of dengue infection by a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), using high-affinity unnatural-base-containing DNA (UB-DNA) aptamers that recognize the four categorized serotypes. Using UB-DNA aptamers specific to each serotype of dengue NS1 proteins (DEN-NS1), we developed our aptamer-antibody sandwich ELISA for dengue diagnostics. Furthermore, IgGs highly specific to DEN-NS1 inhibited the serotype-specific NS1 detection, inspiring us to develop the competitive ELISA format for dengue serotype-specific IgG detection. Blood samples from Singaporean patients with primary or secondary dengue infections confirmed the highly specific IgG detection of this format, and the IgG production initially reflected the serotype of the past infection, rather than the recent infection. Using this dengue competitive ELISA format, cross-reactivity tests of 21 plasma samples from Singaporean Zika virus-infected patients revealed two distinct patterns: 8 lacked cross-reactivity, and 13 were positive with unique dengue serotype specificities, indicating previous dengue infection. This antigen-detection ELISA and antibody-detection competitive ELISA combination using the UB-DNA aptamers identifies both past and current viral infections and will facilitate specific medical care and vaccine development for infectious diseases.
Collapse
|
21
|
Longitudinal analysis of human humoral responses after vaccination with a live attenuated V. cholerae vaccine. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2021; 15:e0009743. [PMID: 34478460 PMCID: PMC8445443 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Vibrio cholerae is a bacterial pathogen which causes the severe acute diarrheal disease cholera. Given that a symptomatic incident of cholera can lead to long term protection, a thorough understanding of the immune response to this pathogen is needed to identify parameters critical to the generation and durability of immunity. To approach this, we utilized a live attenuated cholera vaccine to model the response to V. cholerae infection in 12 naïve subjects. We found that this live attenuated vaccine induced durable vibriocidal antibody titers that were maintained at least one year after vaccination. Similar to what we previously reported in infected patients from Bangladesh, we found that vaccination induced plasmablast responses were primarily specific to the two immunodominant antigens lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and cholera toxin (CT). Interestingly, the magnitude of the early plasmablast response at day 7 predicted the serological outcome of vaccination at day 30. However, this correlation was no longer present at later timepoints. The acute responses displayed preferential immunoglobulin isotype usage, with LPS specific cells being largely IgM or IgA producing, while cholera toxin responses were predominantly IgG. Finally, CCR9 was highly expressed on vaccine induced plasmablasts, especially on IgM and IgA producing cells, suggesting a role in migration to the gastrointestinal tract. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that the use of a live attenuated cholera vaccine is an effective tool to examine the primary and long-term immune response following V. cholerae exposure. Additionally, it provides insight into the phenotype and specificity of the cells which likely return to and mediate immunity at the intestinal mucosa. A thorough understanding of these properties both in peripheral blood and in the intestinal mucosae will inform future vaccine development against both cholera and other mucosal pathogens. Trial Registration: NCT03251495.
Collapse
|
22
|
Köppert S, Wolf C, Becza N, Sautto GA, Franke F, Kuerten S, Ross TM, Lehmann PV, Kirchenbaum GA. Affinity Tag Coating Enables Reliable Detection of Antigen-Specific B Cells in Immunospot Assays. Cells 2021; 10:cells10081843. [PMID: 34440612 PMCID: PMC8394687 DOI: 10.3390/cells10081843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Assessment of humoral immunity to SARS-CoV-2 and other infectious agents is typically restricted to detecting antigen-specific antibodies in the serum. Rarely does immune monitoring entail assessment of the memory B-cell compartment itself, although it is these cells that engage in secondary antibody responses capable of mediating immune protection when pre-existing antibodies fail to prevent re-infection. There are few techniques that are capable of detecting rare antigen-specific B cells while also providing information regarding their relative abundance, class/subclass usage and functional affinity. In theory, the ELISPOT/FluoroSpot (collectively ImmunoSpot) assay platform is ideally suited for antigen-specific B-cell assessments since it provides this information at single-cell resolution for individual antibody-secreting cells (ASC). Here, we tested the hypothesis that antigen-coating efficiency could be universally improved across a diverse set of viral antigens if the standard direct (non-specific, low affinity) antigen absorption to the membrane was substituted by high-affinity capture. Specifically, we report an enhancement in assay sensitivity and a reduction in required protein concentrations through the capture of recombinant proteins via their encoded hexahistidine (6XHis) affinity tag. Affinity tag antigen coating enabled detection of SARS-CoV-2 Spike receptor binding domain (RBD)-reactive ASC, and also significantly improved assay performance using additional control antigens. Collectively, establishment of a universal antigen-coating approach streamlines characterization of the memory B-cell compartment after SARS-CoV-2 infection or COVID-19 vaccinations, and facilitates high-throughput immune-monitoring efforts of large donor cohorts in general.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Köppert
- Research & Development Department, Cellular Technology Limited, Shaker Heights, OH 44122, USA; (S.K.); (C.W.); (N.B.); (F.F.); (P.V.L.)
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany;
| | - Carla Wolf
- Research & Development Department, Cellular Technology Limited, Shaker Heights, OH 44122, USA; (S.K.); (C.W.); (N.B.); (F.F.); (P.V.L.)
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany;
| | - Noémi Becza
- Research & Development Department, Cellular Technology Limited, Shaker Heights, OH 44122, USA; (S.K.); (C.W.); (N.B.); (F.F.); (P.V.L.)
| | - Giuseppe A. Sautto
- Center for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; (G.A.S.); (T.M.R.)
| | - Fridolin Franke
- Research & Development Department, Cellular Technology Limited, Shaker Heights, OH 44122, USA; (S.K.); (C.W.); (N.B.); (F.F.); (P.V.L.)
| | - Stefanie Kuerten
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany;
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Ted M. Ross
- Center for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; (G.A.S.); (T.M.R.)
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Paul V. Lehmann
- Research & Development Department, Cellular Technology Limited, Shaker Heights, OH 44122, USA; (S.K.); (C.W.); (N.B.); (F.F.); (P.V.L.)
| | - Greg A. Kirchenbaum
- Research & Development Department, Cellular Technology Limited, Shaker Heights, OH 44122, USA; (S.K.); (C.W.); (N.B.); (F.F.); (P.V.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(216)-791-5084
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Falconi-Agapito F, Kerkhof K, Merino X, Michiels J, Van Esbroeck M, Bartholomeeusen K, Talledo M, Ariën KK. Dynamics of the Magnitude, Breadth and Depth of the Antibody Response at Epitope Level Following Dengue Infection. Front Immunol 2021; 12:686691. [PMID: 34290707 PMCID: PMC8289389 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.686691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue is a major public health problem in tropical and sub-tropical regions worldwide. Since the Zika epidemic and the increased co-circulation of other arboviruses, the serology-based diagnosis of dengue has become more problematic due to the high antigenic resemblance, especially among the flavivirus family. Therefore, a more comprehensive understanding of the diversity, specificity and temporal evolution of the antibody response following dengue infection is needed. In order to close this knowledge gap, we used a high-density peptide microarray of 9,072 linear peptides covering the entire proteome diversity of dengue, Zika, yellow fever and chikungunya viruses. The IgM and IgG antibody responses were measured against the designed microarray in symptomatic dengue infected individuals from an arbovirus endemic area in Peru and in overseas travelers returning to Belgium, as representatives of multiple-exposed and primary infections, respectively. Serum samples were collected longitudinally across four time points over the period of six months in Peru and over two time points in travelers. We show that epitopes eliciting the strongest flavivirus cross-reactive antibodies, in both primary and secondary infections were concentrated in the capsid, E, NS1, NS3 and NS5 proteins. The IgG antibody responses against NS1 and NS3 followed a rise-and-fall pattern, with peak titers between two to four weeks after onset of illness. The response to the E and NS5 proteins increased rapidly in the acute phase and was maintained at stable levels until at least 6 months after illness. A more scattered IgM antibody reactivity across the viral proteome was observed in the acute phase of the disease and that persisted through the 6-month window. The magnitude, breadth (i.e. number of unique epitopes targeted) and depth (i.e. number of epitope variants recognized) of the IgG response was higher in secondary infections compared to primary infections. For IgM antibodies, the magnitude of the response was higher in primary infected individuals whereas the breadth and depth of the response was lower in this group compared with the endemic subjects. Finally, through this arboviral proteome-wide epitope mapping, we were able to identify IgM and IgG dengue-specific epitopes which can be useful serological markers for dengue diagnosis and serostatus determination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Falconi-Agapito
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Unit of Virology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
- Virology Unit, Instituto de Medicina Tropical Alexander von Humboldt, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Karen Kerkhof
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Unit of Virology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Xiomara Merino
- Virology Unit, Instituto de Medicina Tropical Alexander von Humboldt, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Johan Michiels
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Unit of Virology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Marjan Van Esbroeck
- Department of Clinical Sciences, National Reference Center for Arboviruses, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Koen Bartholomeeusen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Unit of Virology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Michael Talledo
- Virology Unit, Instituto de Medicina Tropical Alexander von Humboldt, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Kevin K. Ariën
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Unit of Virology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Rouers A, Chng MHY, Lee B, Rajapakse MP, Kaur K, Toh YX, Sathiakumar D, Loy T, Thein TL, Lim VW, Singhal A, Yeo TW, Leo YS, Vora KA, Casimiro D, Lim B, Tucker-Kellogg L, Rivino L, Newell EW, Fink K. Immune cell phenotypes associated with disease severity and long-term neutralizing antibody titers after natural dengue virus infection. CELL REPORTS MEDICINE 2021; 2:100278. [PMID: 34095880 PMCID: PMC8149372 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2021.100278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Prior immunological exposure to dengue virus can be both protective and disease-enhancing during subsequent infections with different dengue virus serotypes. We provide here a systematic, longitudinal analysis of B cell, T cell, and antibody responses in the same patients. Antibody responses as well as T and B cell activation differentiate primary from secondary responses. Hospitalization is associated with lower frequencies of activated, terminally differentiated T cells and higher percentages of effector memory CD4 T cells. Patients with more severe disease tend to have higher percentages of plasmablasts. This does not translate into long-term antibody titers, since neutralizing titers after 6 months correlate with percentages of specific memory B cells, but not with acute plasmablast activation. Overall, our unbiased analysis reveals associations between cellular profiles and disease severity, opening opportunities to study immunopathology in dengue disease and the potential predictive value of these parameters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angeline Rouers
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore 138648, Singapore
- A∗STAR ID Labs, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore 138468, Singapore
| | - Melissa Hui Yen Chng
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Bernett Lee
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Menaka P. Rajapakse
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Kaval Kaur
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Ying Xiu Toh
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Durgalakshmi Sathiakumar
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Thomas Loy
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore 138648, Singapore
- A∗STAR ID Labs, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore 138468, Singapore
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore
| | - Tun-Linn Thein
- National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore 308442, Singapore
| | - Vanessa W.X. Lim
- National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore 308442, Singapore
| | - Amit Singhal
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore 138648, Singapore
- A∗STAR ID Labs, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore 138468, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Singapore 308232, Singapore
| | - Tsin Wen Yeo
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Singapore 308232, Singapore
- Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore 308433, Singapore
| | - Yee-Sin Leo
- National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore 308442, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Singapore 308232, Singapore
- Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore 308433, Singapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Singapore 119228, Singapore
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, Singapore 117549, Singapore
| | - Kalpit A. Vora
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Vaccines Research, Merck, Kenilworth, NJ, USA
| | - Danilo Casimiro
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Vaccines Research, Merck, Kenilworth, NJ, USA
| | - Bing Lim
- Merck Sharp & Dohme Translational Medicine Research Centre, 8A Biomedical Grove, Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Lisa Tucker-Kellogg
- Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, and Centre for Computational Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Laura Rivino
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Evan W. Newell
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore 138648, Singapore
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Katja Fink
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore 138648, Singapore
- Corresponding author
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Robust Plasma Cell Response to Skin-Inoculated Dengue Virus in Mice. J Immunol Res 2021; 2021:5511841. [PMID: 33997054 PMCID: PMC8096554 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5511841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue is a worldwide expanding threat caused by dengue virus (DENV) infection. To date, no specific treatment or effective vaccine is available. Antibodies produced by plasma cells (PCs) might be involved concomitantly in protection and severe dengue immunopathology. Although a massive appearance of PCs has been reported during acute DENV infection in humans, this response has been poorly characterized. Here, we show the dynamic of PC generation in immune-competent mice cutaneously inoculated with DENV compared with two control experimental groups: mice inoculated with inactivated DENV or with PBS. We found that PC numbers increased significantly in the skin-draining lymph node (DLN), peaking at day 10 and abruptly decreasing by day 14 after DENV inoculation. Class-switched IgG+ PCs appeared from day 7 and dominated the response, while in contrast, the frequency of IgM+ PCs decreased from day 7 onwards. Even though the kinetic of the response was similar between DENV- and iDENV-inoculated mice, the intensity of the response was significantly different. Interestingly, we demonstrated a similar PC response to virus antigens (E and prM) by ELISPOT. In situ characterization showed that PCs were distributed in the medullary cords and in close proximity to germinal centers (GCs), suggesting both an extrafollicular and a GC origin. Proliferating PCs (Ki-67+) were found as early as 3-day postinoculation, and in-depth analysis showed that these PCs were in active phases of cell cycle during the kinetic. Finally, we found a progressive appearance of high-affinity neutralizing DENV-specific IgG further supporting GC involvement. Of note, these antibodies seem to be highly cross-reactive, as a large proportion recognizes Zika virus (ZIKV). The strong PC response to skin-inoculated DENV in this work resembles the findings already described in humans. We consider that this study contributes to the understanding of the in vivo biology of the humoral immune response to DENV in an immunocompetent murine model.
Collapse
|
26
|
Rogers KJ, Vijay R, Butler NS. Anti-malarial humoral immunity: the long and short of it. Microbes Infect 2021; 23:104807. [PMID: 33684519 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2021.104807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Humoral immunity is critical for limiting Plasmodium parasite infections and the severity of malaria. Naturally acquired immunity against malaria occurs inefficiently and protection is relatively short-lived. Here we review recent advances and explore emerging hypotheses regarding the molecular and cellular pathways that regulate Plasmodium parasite-specific B cell responses and durable anti-malarial humoral immunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai J Rogers
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Rahul Vijay
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Noah S Butler
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA; Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Immunology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Byazrova M, Yusubalieva G, Spiridonova A, Efimov G, Mazurov D, Baranov K, Baklaushev V, Filatov A. Pattern of circulating SARS-CoV-2-specific antibody-secreting and memory B-cell generation in patients with acute COVID-19. Clin Transl Immunology 2021; 10:e1245. [PMID: 33552508 PMCID: PMC7848539 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To predict the spread of coronavirus disease (COVID‐19), information regarding the immunological memory for disease‐specific antigens is necessary. The possibility of reinfection, as well as the efficacy of vaccines for COVID‐19 that are currently under development, will largely depend on the quality and longevity of immunological memory in patients. To elucidate the process of humoral immunity development, we analysed the generation of plasmablasts and virus receptor‐binding domain (RBD)‐specific memory B (Bmem) cells in patients during the acute phase of COVID‐19. Methods The frequencies of RBD‐binding plasmablasts and RBD‐specific antibody‐secreting cells (ASCs) in the peripheral blood samples collected from patients with COVID‐19 were measured using flow cytometry and the ELISpot assay. Results The acute phase of COVID‐19 was characterised by the transient appearance of total as well as RBD‐binding plasmablasts. ELISpot analysis indicated that most patients exhibited a spontaneous secretion of RBD‐specific ASCs in the circulation with good correlation between the IgG and IgM subsets. IL‐21/CD40L stimulation of purified B cells induced the activation and proliferation of Bmem cells, which led to the generation of plasmablast phenotypic cells as well as RBD‐specific ASCs. No correlation was observed between the frequency of Bmem cell‐derived and spontaneous ASCs, suggesting that the two types of ASCs were weakly associated with each other. Conclusion Our findings reveal that SARS‐CoV‐2‐specific Bmem cells are generated during the acute phase of COVID‐19. These findings can serve as a basis for further studies on the longevity of SARS‐CoV‐2‐specific B‐cell memory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Byazrova
- National Research Center Institute of Immunology of Federal Medical Biological Agency of Russia Moscow Russia.,Department of Immunology Faculty of Biology Lomonosov Moscow State University Moscow Russia
| | - Gaukhar Yusubalieva
- Federal Research and Clinical Center for Specialized Types of Medical Care and Medical Technologies of the FMBA of Russia Moscow Russia
| | - Anna Spiridonova
- National Research Center Institute of Immunology of Federal Medical Biological Agency of Russia Moscow Russia
| | | | - Dmitriy Mazurov
- Institute of Gene Biology Russian Academy of Sciences Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine Moscow Russia
| | - Konstantin Baranov
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology SB RAS Lomonosov Moscow State University Novosibirsk Russia
| | - Vladimir Baklaushev
- Federal Research and Clinical Center for Specialized Types of Medical Care and Medical Technologies of the FMBA of Russia Moscow Russia
| | - Alexander Filatov
- National Research Center Institute of Immunology of Federal Medical Biological Agency of Russia Moscow Russia.,Department of Immunology Faculty of Biology Lomonosov Moscow State University Moscow Russia
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Adam A, Cuellar S, Wang T. Memory B cell and antibody responses to flavivirus infection and vaccination. Fac Rev 2021; 10:5. [PMID: 33659923 PMCID: PMC7894259 DOI: 10.12703/r/10-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Flaviviruses are a group of mosquito- or tick-borne single-stranded RNA viruses that can cause a wide range of clinical manifestations in humans and animals, including asymptomatic, flu-like febrile illness, hemorrhagic fever, encephalitis, birth defects, and death. Many of them have no licensed vaccines available for human use. Memory B cell development and induction of neutralizing antibody responses, which are important for the control of flavivirus infection and dissemination, have been used as biomarkers for vaccine efficacy. In this review, we will discuss recent findings on memory B cells and antibody responses from studies in clinical specimen and animal models of flavivirus infection and vaccination with a focus on several clinically important flaviviruses, including dengue, West Nile, yellow fever, and Zika viruses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Awadalkareem Adam
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
| | - Servando Cuellar
- School of Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
| | - Tian Wang
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
- Sealy Institute for Vaccine Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Abstract
B cell subsets differ in development, tissue distribution, and mechanisms of activation. In response to infections, however, all can differentiate into extrafollicular plasmablasts that rapidly provide highly protective antibodies, indicating that these plasmablasts are the main humoral immune response effectors. Yet, the effectiveness of this response type depends on the presence of antigen-specific precursors in the circulating mature B cell pool, a pool that is generated initially through the stochastic processes of B cell receptor assembly. Importantly, germinal centers then mold the repertoire of this B cell pool to be increasingly responsive to pathogens by generating a broad array of antimicrobial memory B cells that act as highly effective precursors of extrafollicular plasmablasts. Such B cell repertoire molding occurs in two ways: continuously via the chronic germinal centers of mucosal lymphoid tissues, driven by the presence of the microbiome, and via de novo generated germinal centers following acute infections. For effectively evaluating humoral immunity as a correlate of immune protection, it might be critical to measure memory B cell pools in addition to antibody titers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Baumgarth
- Center for Immunology and Infectious Diseases and Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Vo HTM, Duong V, Ly S, Li QZ, Dussart P, Cantaert T. Autoantibody Profiling in Plasma of Dengue Virus-Infected Individuals. Pathogens 2020; 9:E1060. [PMID: 33352902 PMCID: PMC7766539 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9121060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue is an arboviral disease caused by dengue virus (DENV) with high prevalence in tropical and sub-tropical regions. Autoimmune syndromes following dengue can be observed in long term follow up. Anti-DENV antibodies are cross-reactive with surface antigens on endothelial cells or platelets and could be involved in the pathogenesis of dengue. However, no studies have analyzed the autoantibody repertoire and its roles in dengue pathogenesis. Hence, we aimed to describe the autoantibody profile in dengue patients with different disease severities. We utilized a protein array with 128 putative autoantigens to screen for IgM and IgG reactivity in plasma obtained from healthy donors (n = 8), asymptomatic individuals infected with DENV (n = 11) and hospitalized dengue patients (n = 21). Even though the patient cohort is small, we show that 80 IgM and 6 IgG autoantibodies were elevated in DENV infected patients compared to age-matched healthy donors. Individuals undergoing a primary DENV infection showed higher amounts of IgG autoantibodies, not IgM autoantibodies, compared to individuals undergoing secondary infection. No differences were observed between asymptomatic and hospitalized dengue patients. Nineteen autoantibodies, which react against several coagulation and complement components, correlated with platelet counts in severe dengue patients. This current study provides a framework to explore a possible role of candidate autoantibodies in dengue immunopathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hoa Thi My Vo
- Immunology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Institut Pasteur International Network, 5 Monivong Blvd., Phnom Penh 12201, Cambodia;
| | - Veasna Duong
- Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Institut Pasteur International Network, 5 Monivong Blvd., Phnom Penh 12201, Cambodia; (V.D.); (P.D.)
| | - Sowath Ly
- Epidemiology and Public Health Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Institut Pasteur International Network, 5 Monivong Blvd., Phnom Penh 12201, Cambodia;
| | - Quan-Zhen Li
- Department of Immunology and Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX 75390, USA;
| | - Philippe Dussart
- Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Institut Pasteur International Network, 5 Monivong Blvd., Phnom Penh 12201, Cambodia; (V.D.); (P.D.)
| | - Tineke Cantaert
- Immunology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Institut Pasteur International Network, 5 Monivong Blvd., Phnom Penh 12201, Cambodia;
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Andrade P, Narvekar P, Montoya M, Michlmayr D, Balmaseda A, Coloma J, Harris E. Primary and Secondary Dengue Virus Infections Elicit Similar Memory B-Cell Responses, but Breadth to Other Serotypes and Cross-Reactivity to Zika Virus Is Higher in Secondary Dengue. J Infect Dis 2020; 222:590-600. [PMID: 32193549 PMCID: PMC7377287 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiaa120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The 4 antigenically distinct serotypes of dengue virus (DENV) share extensive homology with each other and with the closely related Zika flavivirus (ZIKV). The development of polyclonal memory B cells (MBCs) to the 4 DENV serotypes and ZIKV during DENV infection is not fully understood. METHODS In this study, we analyzed polyclonal MBCs at the single-cell level from peripheral blood mononuclear cells collected ~2 weeks or 6-7 months postprimary or postsecondary DENV infection from a pediatric hospital-based study in Nicaragua using a Multi-Color FluoroSpot assay. RESULTS Dengue virus elicits robust type-specific and cross-reactive MBC responses after primary and secondary DENV infection, with a significantly higher cross-reactive response in both. Reactivity to the infecting serotype dominated the total MBC response. Although the frequency and proportion of type-specific and cross-reactive MBCs were comparable between primary and secondary DENV infections, within the cross-reactive response, the breadth of MBC responses against different serotypes was greater after secondary DENV infection. Dengue virus infection also induced cross-reactive MBC responses recognizing ZIKV, particularly after secondary DENV infection. CONCLUSIONS Overall, our study sheds light on the polyclonal MBC response to DENV and ZIKV in naive and DENV-preimmune subjects, with important implications for natural infections and vaccine development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Andrade
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
- Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Parnal Narvekar
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Magelda Montoya
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Daniela Michlmayr
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Angel Balmaseda
- Laboratorio Nacional de Virología, Centro Nacional de Diagnóstico y Referencia, Ministerio de Salud, Managua, Nicaragua
| | - Josefina Coloma
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Eva Harris
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Abbott RK, Crotty S. Factors in B cell competition and immunodominance. Immunol Rev 2020; 296:120-131. [PMID: 32483855 PMCID: PMC7641103 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The majority of all vaccines work by inducing protective antibody responses. The mechanisms by which the B cells responsible for producing protective antibodies are elicited to respond are not well understood. Interclonal B cell competition to complex antigens, particularly in germinal centers, has emerged as an important hurdle in designing effective vaccines. This review will focus on recent advances in understanding the roles of B cell precursor frequency, B cell receptor affinity for antigen, antigen avidity, and other factors that can substantially alter the outcomes of B cell responses to complex antigens. Understanding the interdependence of these fundamental factors that affect B cell responses can inform current vaccine design efforts for pathogens with complex proteins as candidate immunogens such as HIV, influenza, and coronaviruses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert K. Abbott
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA
| | - Shane Crotty
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Rowley AH, Baker SC, Arrollo D, Gruen LJ, Bodnar T, Innocentini N, Hackbart M, Cruz-Pulido YE, Wylie KM, Kim KYA, Shulman ST. A Protein Epitope Targeted by the Antibody Response to Kawasaki Disease. J Infect Dis 2020; 222:158-168. [PMID: 32052021 PMCID: PMC7296860 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiaa066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Kawasaki disease (KD) is the leading cause of childhood acquired heart disease in developed nations and can result in coronary artery aneurysms and death. Clinical and epidemiologic features implicate an infectious cause but specific antigenic targets of the disease are unknown. Peripheral blood plasmablasts are normally highly clonally diverse but the antibodies they encode are approximately 70% antigen-specific 1-2 weeks after infection. METHODS We isolated single peripheral blood plasmablasts from children with KD 1-3 weeks after onset and prepared 60 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). We used the mAbs to identify their target antigens and assessed serologic response among KD patients and controls to specific antigen. RESULTS Thirty-two mAbs from 9 of 11 patients recognize antigen within intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies in ciliated bronchial epithelial cells of fatal cases. Five of these mAbs, from 3 patients with coronary aneurysms, recognize a specific peptide, which blocks binding to inclusion bodies. Sera from 5/8 KD patients day ≥ 8 after illness onset, compared with 0/17 infant controls (P < .01), recognized the KD peptide antigen. CONCLUSIONS These results identify a protein epitope targeted by the antibody response to KD and provide a means to elucidate the pathogenesis of this important worldwide pediatric problem.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne H Rowley
- Department of Pediatrics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Microbiology/Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Susan C Baker
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Loyola University Chicago, Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois, USA
| | - David Arrollo
- Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Leah J Gruen
- Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Tetyana Bodnar
- Department of Pediatrics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Nancy Innocentini
- Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Matthew Hackbart
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Loyola University Chicago, Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois, USA
| | - Yazmin E Cruz-Pulido
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Loyola University Chicago, Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois, USA
| | - Kristine M Wylie
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Kwang-Youn A Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Stanford T Shulman
- Department of Pediatrics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Wilken L, Rimmelzwaan GF. Adaptive Immunity to Dengue Virus: Slippery Slope or Solid Ground for Rational Vaccine Design? Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9060470. [PMID: 32549226 PMCID: PMC7350362 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9060470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The four serotypes of dengue virus are the most widespread causes of arboviral disease, currently placing half of the human population at risk of infection. Pre-existing immunity to one dengue virus serotype can predispose to severe disease following secondary infection with a different serotype. The phenomenon of immune enhancement has complicated vaccine development and likely explains the poor long-term safety profile of a recently licenced dengue vaccine. Therefore, alternative vaccine strategies should be considered. This review summarises studies dissecting the adaptive immune responses to dengue virus infection and (experimental) vaccination. In particular, we discuss the roles of (i) neutralising antibodies, (ii) antibodies to non-structural protein 1, and (iii) T cells in protection and pathogenesis. We also address how these findings could translate into next-generation vaccine approaches that mitigate the risk of enhanced dengue disease. Finally, we argue that the development of a safe and efficacious dengue vaccine is an attainable goal.
Collapse
|
35
|
Dhenni R, Phan TG. The geography of memory B cell reactivation in vaccine-induced immunity and in autoimmune disease relapses. Immunol Rev 2020; 296:62-86. [PMID: 32472583 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Memory B cells (Bmem) provide an active second layer of defense against re-infection by pathogens that have bypassed the passive first layer provided by neutralizing antibodies. Here, we review recent progress in our understanding of Bmem heterogeneity in terms of their origin (germinal center-dependent vs center-independent), phenotype (canonical vs atypical vs age-associated B cells), trafficking (recirculating vs tissue-resident), and fate (plasma cell vs germinal center differentiation). The development of transgenic models and intravital imaging technologies has made it possible to track the cellular dynamics of Bmem reactivation by antigen, their interactions with follicular memory T cells, and differentiation into plasma cells in subcapsular proliferative foci in the lymph nodes of immune animals. Such in situ studies have reinforced the importance of geography in shaping the outcome of the secondary antibody response. We also review the evidence for Bmem reactivation and differentiation into short-lived plasma cells in the pathogenesis of disease flares in relapsing-remitting autoimmune diseases. Elucidating the mechanisms that control the Bmem fate decision to differentiate into plasma cells or germinal center B cells will aid future efforts to more precisely engineer fit-for-purpose vaccines as well as to treat antibody-mediated autoimmune diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rama Dhenni
- Immunology Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Tri Giang Phan
- Immunology Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Serrano-Collazo C, Pérez-Guzmán EX, Pantoja P, Hassert MA, Rodríguez IV, Giavedoni L, Hodara V, Parodi L, Cruz L, Arana T, Martínez MI, White L, Brien JD, de Silva A, Pinto AK, Sariol CA. Effective control of early Zika virus replication by Dengue immunity is associated to the length of time between the 2 infections but not mediated by antibodies. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2020; 14:e0008285. [PMID: 32463814 PMCID: PMC7255596 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0008285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Little is known about the contribution of virus-specific and cross-reacting antibodies (Abs) or the cellular immune response generated by a primary dengue (DENV) infection on the course of a secondary zika (ZIKV) infection in vivo. Here we show that the length of time between DENV/ZIKV infections has a qualitative impact on controlling early ZIKV replication. Depletion of DENV2-specific Abs in sera confirmed that those type-specific Abs do not contribute to ZIKV control. We show that the magnitude and durability of the neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) induced by a secondary ZIKV infection is modest compared to the response induced after a secondary heterologous DENV infection. Our in vivo results are showing a complex interplay between the cellular and innate immune responses characterized by a high frequency of plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC) correlating with an increase in the frequency of DENV antigen specific T cells and a significant control of ZIKV replication which is time dependent. Taken together, our results suggest that early after ZIKV infection other mechanisms such as the innate and cellular immune responses may play a predominant role in controlling ZIKV replication. Regardless of the time elapsed between infections there was no evidence of in vivo antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) of ZIKV by DENV immunity. These findings have pivotal implications while interpreting ZIKV pathogenesis in flavivirus-experimented populations, diagnostic results interpretation and vaccine designs and schedules among others. From our previous work in non-human primates and others using humans, we believe that previous DENV immunity confers some degree of protection against ZIKV infection. However, at least two highly relevant questions remain unanswered. One is precisely if the time between primary DENV and a subsequent ZIKV infections may play a role in the degree of protection conferred by DENV immunity. The second question is related to the mechanisms of cross-protection. In this work we provide evidences that a period of 12 months between DENV and ZIKV infections has a significant impact controlling ZIKV replication compared to a shorter period of 3 months. We also provide evidences that the pre-existing DENV Abs play no role controlling early ZIKV replication. Our results strongly suggest that the mechanisms controlling ZIKV replication are related to the complex interaction between the innate and the cellular immune responses. Our results have significant implications for vaccine design and schedules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Crisanta Serrano-Collazo
- Department of Microbiology and Medical Zoology, University of Puerto Rico-Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico, United States of America
| | - Erick X. Pérez-Guzmán
- Department of Microbiology and Medical Zoology, University of Puerto Rico-Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico, United States of America
| | - Petraleigh Pantoja
- Department of Microbiology and Medical Zoology, University of Puerto Rico-Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico, United States of America
- Unit of Comparative Medicine, Caribbean Primate Research Center, University of Puerto Rico-Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico, United States of America
| | - Mariah A. Hassert
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Idia V. Rodríguez
- Unit of Comparative Medicine, Caribbean Primate Research Center, University of Puerto Rico-Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico, United States of America
| | - Luis Giavedoni
- Host Pathogen Interactions Program, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Vida Hodara
- Host Pathogen Interactions Program, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Laura Parodi
- University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Lorna Cruz
- Department of Microbiology and Medical Zoology, University of Puerto Rico-Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico, United States of America
- Unit of Comparative Medicine, Caribbean Primate Research Center, University of Puerto Rico-Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico, United States of America
| | - Teresa Arana
- Department of Microbiology and Medical Zoology, University of Puerto Rico-Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico, United States of America
- Unit of Comparative Medicine, Caribbean Primate Research Center, University of Puerto Rico-Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico, United States of America
| | - Melween I. Martínez
- Department of Microbiology and Medical Zoology, University of Puerto Rico-Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico, United States of America
- Unit of Comparative Medicine, Caribbean Primate Research Center, University of Puerto Rico-Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico, United States of America
| | - Laura White
- University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - James D. Brien
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Aravinda de Silva
- University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Amelia K. Pinto
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Carlos A. Sariol
- Department of Microbiology and Medical Zoology, University of Puerto Rico-Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico, United States of America
- Unit of Comparative Medicine, Caribbean Primate Research Center, University of Puerto Rico-Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico, United States of America
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Puerto Rico-Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Wec AZ, Wrapp D, Herbert AS, Maurer D, Haslwanter D, Sakharkar M, Jangra RK, Dieterle ME, Lilov A, Huang D, Tse LV, Johnson NV, Hsieh CL, Wang N, Nett JH, Champney E, Burnina I, Brown M, Lin S, Sinclair M, Johnson C, Pudi S, Bortz R, Wirchnianski AS, Laudermilch E, Florez C, Fels JM, O’Brien CM, Graham BS, Nemazee D, Burton DR, Baric RS, Voss JE, Chandran K, Dye JM, McLellan JS, Walker LM. Broad sarbecovirus neutralizing antibodies define a key site of vulnerability on the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2020:2020.05.15.096511. [PMID: 32511337 PMCID: PMC7241100 DOI: 10.1101/2020.05.15.096511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Broadly protective vaccines against known and pre-emergent coronaviruses are urgently needed. Critical to their development is a deeper understanding of cross-neutralizing antibody responses induced by natural human coronavirus (HCoV) infections. Here, we mined the memory B cell repertoire of a convalescent SARS donor and identified 200 SARS-CoV-2 binding antibodies that target multiple conserved sites on the spike (S) protein. A large proportion of the antibodies display high levels of somatic hypermutation and cross-react with circulating HCoVs, suggesting recall of pre-existing memory B cells (MBCs) elicited by prior HCoV infections. Several antibodies potently cross-neutralize SARS-CoV, SARS-CoV-2, and the bat SARS-like virus WIV1 by blocking receptor attachment and inducing S1 shedding. These antibodies represent promising candidates for therapeutic intervention and reveal a new target for the rational design of pan-sarbecovirus vaccines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel Wrapp
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Andrew S. Herbert
- U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | | | - Denise Haslwanter
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Rohit K. Jangra
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - M. Eugenia Dieterle
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Deli Huang
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Longping V. Tse
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Nicole V. Johnson
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Ching-Lin Hsieh
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Nianshuang Wang
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Shu Lin
- Adimab LLC, Lebanon, NH 03766, USA
| | | | | | | | - Robert Bortz
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ariel S. Wirchnianski
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ethan Laudermilch
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Catalina Florez
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - J. Maximilian Fels
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Cecilia M. O’Brien
- U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | | | - David Nemazee
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Dennis R. Burton
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Consortium for HIV/AIDS Development (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and Harvard
| | - Ralph S. Baric
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Departments of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - James E. Voss
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Kartik Chandran
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - John M. Dye
- U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Jason S. McLellan
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Waickman AT, Gromowski GD, Rutvisuttinunt W, Li T, Siegfried H, Victor K, Kuklis C, Gomootsukavadee M, McCracken MK, Gabriel B, Mathew A, Grinyo I Escuer A, Fouch ME, Liang J, Fernandez S, Davidson E, Doranz BJ, Srikiatkhachorn A, Endy T, Thomas SJ, Ellison D, Rothman AL, Jarman RG, Currier JR, Friberg H. Transcriptional and clonal characterization of B cell plasmablast diversity following primary and secondary natural DENV infection. EBioMedicine 2020; 54:102733. [PMID: 32315970 PMCID: PMC7170960 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2020.102733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibody-mediated humoral immunity is thought to play a central role in mediating the immunopathogenesis of acute DENV infection, but limited data are available on the diversity, specificity, and functionality of the antibody response at the molecular level elicited by primary or secondary DENV infection. In order to close this functional gap in our understanding of DENV-specific humoral immunity, we utilized high-throughput single cell RNA sequencing to investigate B cells circulating in both primary and secondary natural DENV infections. We captured full-length paired immunoglobulin receptor sequence data from 9,027 B cells from a total of 6 subjects, including 2,717 plasmablasts. In addition to IgG and IgM class-switched cells, we unexpectedly found a high proportion of the DENV-elicited plasmablasts expressing IgA, principally in individuals with primary DENV infections. These IgA class-switched cells were extensively hypermutated even in individuals with a serologically confirmed primary DENV infection. Utilizing a combination of conventional biochemical assays and high-throughput shotgun mutagenesis, we determined that DENV-reactive IgA class-switched antibodies represent a significant fraction of DENV-reactive Igs generated in response to DENV infection, and that they exhibit a comparable epitope specificity to DENV-reactive IgG antibodies. These results provide insight into the molecular-level diversity of DENV-elicited humoral immunity and identify a heretofore unappreciated IgA plasmablast response to DENV infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adam T Waickman
- Viral Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States.
| | - Gregory D Gromowski
- Viral Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Wiriya Rutvisuttinunt
- Viral Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Tao Li
- Viral Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Hayden Siegfried
- Viral Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Kaitlin Victor
- Viral Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Caitlin Kuklis
- Viral Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Methee Gomootsukavadee
- Department of Virology, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Michael K McCracken
- Viral Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Benjamin Gabriel
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Institute for Immunology and Informatics, University of Rhode Island, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Anuja Mathew
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Institute for Immunology and Informatics, University of Rhode Island, Providence, RI, United States
| | | | | | - Jenny Liang
- Integral Molecular, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Stefan Fernandez
- Department of Virology, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | | | - Anon Srikiatkhachorn
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Institute for Immunology and Informatics, University of Rhode Island, Providence, RI, United States; Faculty of Medicine, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Timothy Endy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Stephen J Thomas
- Institute for Global Health and Translational Sciences, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Damon Ellison
- Viral Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Alan L Rothman
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Institute for Immunology and Informatics, University of Rhode Island, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Richard G Jarman
- Viral Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Jeffrey R Currier
- Viral Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Heather Friberg
- Viral Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Bonezi V, Cataneo AHD, Branquinho MSF, Silva MBB, Gonzalez-Dias P, Pereira SS, Ferreira LCDS, Nakaya HI, Campa A, Wowk PF, Silveira ELV. Flavivirus-Mediating B Cell Differentiation Into Antibody-Secreting Cells in Humans Is Associated With the Activation of the Tryptophan Metabolism. Front Immunol 2020; 11:20. [PMID: 32117223 PMCID: PMC7026258 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients infected with the Dengue virus (DENV) often present with a massive generation of DENV-specific antibody-secreting cells (ASCs) in the blood. In some cases, these ASCs represent more than 50% of the circulating B cells, a higher magnitude than those induced by other infections, vaccinations, and plasma cell lymphomas. However, it remains unclear how the DENV infection elicits this colossal response. To address this issue, we utilised an in vitro strategy to induce human PBMCs of healthy individuals incubated with DENV particles (DENV4 TVP/360) to differentiate into ASCs. As controls, PBMCs were incubated with a mitogen cocktail or supernatants of uninfected C6/36 cells (mock). The ASC phenotype and function were increasingly detected in the DENV and mitogen-cultured PBMCs as compared to mock-treated cells. In contrast to the in vivo condition, secreted IgG derived from the PBMC-DENV culture was not DENV-specific. Lower ASC numbers were observed when inactivated viral particles or purified B cells were added to the cultures. The physical contact was essential between B cells and the remaining PBMCs for the DENV-mediated ASC response. Considering the evidence for the activation of the tryptophan metabolism detected in the serum of Dengue patients, we assessed its relevance in the DENV-mediated ASC differentiation. For this, tryptophan and its respective metabolites were quantified in the supernatants of cell cultures through mass spectrophotometry. Tryptophan depletion and kynurenine accumulation were found in the supernatants of PBMC-DENV cultures, which presented enhanced detection of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 and 2 transcripts as compared to controls. In PBMC-DENV cultures, tryptophan and kynurenine levels strongly correlated to the respective ASC numbers, while the kynurenine levels were directly proportional to the secreted IgG titers. Contrastingly, PBMCs incubated with Zika or attenuated Yellow Fever viruses showed no correlation between their kynurenine concentrations and ASC numbers. Therefore, our data revealed the existence of distinct pathways for the DENV-mediated ASC differentiation and suggest the involvement of the tryptophan metabolism in this cellular process triggered by flavivirus infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vivian Bonezi
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Allan H D Cataneo
- Laboratório de Virologia Molecular, Instituto Carlos Chagas (ICC/Fiocruz Paraná), Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Maryana S F Branquinho
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maysa B B Silva
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Patricia Gonzalez-Dias
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Scientific Platform Pasteur, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Samuel S Pereira
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luís C de Souza Ferreira
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Helder I Nakaya
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Scientific Platform Pasteur, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Campa
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Pryscilla F Wowk
- Laboratório de Virologia Molecular, Instituto Carlos Chagas (ICC/Fiocruz Paraná), Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Eduardo L V Silveira
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Plasmablast, Memory B Cell, CD4+ T Cell, and Circulating Follicular Helper T Cell Responses to a Non-Replicating Modified Vaccinia Ankara Vaccine. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:vaccines8010069. [PMID: 32041104 PMCID: PMC7158692 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8010069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Vaccinia is known to induce antibody and cellular responses. Plasmablast, circulating follicular helper T (cTFH) cells, cytokine-expressing CD4 T cells, and memory B cells were compared between subcutaneous (SC) and needle-free jet injection (JI) recipients of non-replicating modified vaccinia Ankara (MVA) vaccine. Methods: Vaccinia-naïve adults received MVA SC or by JI on Days 1 and 29. Vaccinia-specific antibodies were quantified by plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Plasmablast, cTFH, and cytokine-expressing CD4 T cells were assessed on Days 1, 8, 15, 29, 36, 43 (cTFH and CD4+ only) and 57. Memory B cells were measured on Days 1 and 57. Results: Of the 36 enrolled subjects, only 22 received both vaccinations and had evaluable specimens after the second vaccine. Plasmablasts peaked one week after each vaccine. Day 15 plasmablasts correlated with peak PRNT titers. cTFH peaked on Days 8 and 36 and correlated with Day 36 plasmablasts. CD4+ peaked at Day 29 and one-third produced ≥2 cytokines. Day 57 memory B cells ranged from 0.1% to 0.17% of IgG-secreting B cells. Conclusions: This study provides insights into the cellular responses to non-replicating MVA, currently used as a vector for a variety of novel vaccines.
Collapse
|
41
|
Adaptive immune responses to primary and secondary dengue virus infections. Nat Rev Immunol 2019; 19:218-230. [PMID: 30679808 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-019-0123-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Dengue is the leading mosquito-borne viral illness infecting humans. Owing to the circulation of multiple serotypes, global expansion of the disease and recent gains in vaccination coverage, pre-existing immunity to dengue virus is abundant in the human population, and secondary dengue infections are common. Here, we contrast the mechanisms initiating and sustaining adaptive immune responses during primary infection with the immune pathways that are pre-existing and reactivated during secondary dengue. We also discuss new developments in our understanding of the contributions of CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells and antibodies to immunity and memory recall. Memory recall may lead to protective or pathological outcomes, and understanding of these processes will be key to developing or refining dengue vaccines to be safe and effective.
Collapse
|
42
|
Durham ND, Agrawal A, Waltari E, Croote D, Zanini F, Fouch M, Davidson E, Smith O, Carabajal E, Pak JE, Doranz BJ, Robinson M, Sanz AM, Albornoz LL, Rosso F, Einav S, Quake SR, McCutcheon KM, Goo L. Broadly neutralizing human antibodies against dengue virus identified by single B cell transcriptomics. eLife 2019; 8:e52384. [PMID: 31820734 PMCID: PMC6927745 DOI: 10.7554/elife.52384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Eliciting broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) against the four dengue virus serotypes (DENV1-4) that are spreading into new territories is an important goal of vaccine design. To define bNAb targets, we characterized 28 antibodies belonging to expanded and hypermutated clonal families identified by transcriptomic analysis of single plasmablasts from DENV-infected individuals. Among these, we identified J9 and J8, two somatically related bNAbs that potently neutralized DENV1-4. Mutagenesis studies showed that the major recognition determinants of these bNAbs are in E protein domain I, distinct from the only known class of human bNAbs against DENV with a well-defined epitope. B cell repertoire analysis from acute-phase peripheral blood suggested that J9 and J8 followed divergent somatic hypermutation pathways, and that a limited number of mutations was sufficient for neutralizing activity. Our study suggests multiple B cell evolutionary pathways leading to DENV bNAbs targeting a new epitope that can be exploited for vaccine design.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Eric Waltari
- Chan Zuckerberg BiohubSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Derek Croote
- Department of BioengineeringStanford UniversityStanfordUnited States
| | - Fabio Zanini
- Department of BioengineeringStanford UniversityStanfordUnited States
| | | | | | - Olivia Smith
- Chan Zuckerberg BiohubSan FranciscoUnited States
| | | | - John E Pak
- Chan Zuckerberg BiohubSan FranciscoUnited States
| | | | - Makeda Robinson
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of MedicineStanford University School of MedicineStanfordUnited States
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyStanford University School of MedicineStanfordUnited States
| | - Ana M Sanz
- Clinical Research CenterFundación Valle del LiliCaliColombia
| | - Ludwig L Albornoz
- Pathology and Laboratory DepartmentFundación Valle del LiliCaliColombia
| | - Fernando Rosso
- Clinical Research CenterFundación Valle del LiliCaliColombia
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious DiseasesFundación Valle del LiliCaliColombia
| | - Shirit Einav
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of MedicineStanford University School of MedicineStanfordUnited States
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyStanford University School of MedicineStanfordUnited States
| | - Stephen R Quake
- Chan Zuckerberg BiohubSan FranciscoUnited States
- Department of BioengineeringStanford UniversityStanfordUnited States
| | | | - Leslie Goo
- Chan Zuckerberg BiohubSan FranciscoUnited States
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease DivisionFred Hutchinson Cancer Research CenterSeattleUnited States
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Upasani V, Vo HTM, Ung S, Heng S, Laurent D, Choeung R, Duong V, Sorn S, Ly S, Rodenhuis-Zybert IA, Dussart P, Cantaert T. Impaired Antibody-Independent Immune Response of B Cells in Patients With Acute Dengue Infection. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2500. [PMID: 31736948 PMCID: PMC6834554 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue is a mosquito-borne viral disease caused by dengue virus (DENV). The disease is endemic to more than 100 countries with 390 million dengue infections per year. Humoral immune responses during primary and secondary DENV infections are well-investigated. However, the impact of DENV infection on B cell subsets and their antibody-independent functions are not well-documented. Through this study, we aimed to define the distribution of B cell subsets in the acute phase of DENV infection and characterize the effect of DENV infection on B cell functions such as differentiation into memory and plasma cells and cytokine production. In our cohort of Cambodian children, we observed decreased percentages of CD24hiCD38hi B cells and CD27− naïve B cells within the CD19 population and increased percentages of CD27+CD38hiCD138+ plasma cells as early as 4 days post appearance of fever in patients with severe dengue compared to patients with mild disease. Lower percentages of CD19+CD24hiCD38hi B cells in DENV-infected patients were associated with decreased concentrations of soluble CD40L in patient plasma and decreased platelet counts in these patients. In addition, CD19+CD24hiCD38hi and CD19+CD27− B cells from DENV-infected patients did not produce IL-10 or TNF-α upon stimulation in vitro, suggesting their contribution to an altered immune response during DENV infection. In addition, CD19+CD27− naïve B cells isolated from dengue patients were refractory to TLR/anti-IgM stimulation in vitro, which correlated to the increased expression of inhibitory Fcγ receptors (FcγR) CD32 and LILRB1 on CD19+CD27− naïve B cells from DENV-infected patients. Collectively, our results indicate that a defective B cell response in dengue patients may contribute to the pathogenesis of dengue during the early phase of infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vinit Upasani
- Immunology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Institut Pasteur International Network, Phnom Penh, Cambodia.,Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Hoa Thi My Vo
- Immunology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Institut Pasteur International Network, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Sivlin Ung
- Immunology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Institut Pasteur International Network, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Sothy Heng
- Kantha Bopha Children Hospital, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Denis Laurent
- Kantha Bopha Children Hospital, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Rithy Choeung
- Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Institut Pasteur International Network, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Veasna Duong
- Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Institut Pasteur International Network, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Sopheak Sorn
- Epidemiology and Public Health Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Institut Pasteur International Network, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Sowath Ly
- Epidemiology and Public Health Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Institut Pasteur International Network, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Izabela A Rodenhuis-Zybert
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Philippe Dussart
- Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Institut Pasteur International Network, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Tineke Cantaert
- Immunology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Institut Pasteur International Network, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Simmons G, Stone M, Busch MP. Arbovirus Diagnostics: From Bad to Worse due to Expanding Dengue Virus Vaccination and Zika Virus Epidemics. Clin Infect Dis 2019; 66:1181-1183. [PMID: 29301009 DOI: 10.1093/cid/cix972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Graham Simmons
- Blood Systems Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Mars Stone
- Blood Systems Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Michael P Busch
- Blood Systems Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Haltaufderhyde K, Srikiatkhachorn A, Green S, Macareo L, Park S, Kalayanarooj S, Rothman AL, Mathew A. Activation of Peripheral T Follicular Helper Cells During Acute Dengue Virus Infection. J Infect Dis 2019; 218:1675-1685. [PMID: 29917084 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiy360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Follicular helper T cells (TFH) are specialized CD4 T cells required for B-cell help and antibody production. Methods Given the postulated role of immune activation in dengue disease, we measured the expansion and activation of TFH in the circulation (peripheral TFH [pTFH]) collected from Thai children with laboratory-confirmed acute dengue virus (DENV) infection. Results We found significant expansion and activation of pTFH subsets during acute infection with the highest frequencies of activated pTFH (PD1hi pTFH and PD1+CD38+ pTFH) detected during the critical phase of illness. Numbers of activated pTFH were higher in patients with secondary compared with primary infections and in patients with more severe disease. We also found a positive correlation between the frequencies of activated pTFH and the frequencies of plasmablasts. Conclusions To our knowledge, this is the first ex vivo analysis of pTFH activation during acute DENV infection. Overall, our study supports the model that pTFH contribute to disease evolution during the critical stage of illness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kirk Haltaufderhyde
- Institute for Immunology and Informatics, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Rhode Island, Providence
| | - Anon Srikiatkhachorn
- Institute for Immunology and Informatics, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Rhode Island, Providence
| | - Sharone Green
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester
| | - Louis Macareo
- Department of Virology, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sangshin Park
- Center for International Health Research, Rhode Island Hospital, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence.,Department of Pediatrics, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | | | - Alan L Rothman
- Institute for Immunology and Informatics, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Rhode Island, Providence
| | - Anuja Mathew
- Institute for Immunology and Informatics, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Rhode Island, Providence
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Hijacking the Host Immune Cells by Dengue Virus: Molecular Interplay of Receptors and Dengue Virus Envelope. Microorganisms 2019; 7:microorganisms7090323. [PMID: 31489877 PMCID: PMC6780243 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7090323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) is one of the lethal pathogens in the hot climatic regions of the world and has been extensively studied to decipher its mechanism of pathogenesis and the missing links of its life cycle. With respect to the entry of DENV, multiple receptors have been recognized in different cells of the human body. However, scientists still argue whether these identified receptors are the exclusive entry mediators for the virus. Adding to the complexity, DENV has been reported to be infecting multiple organ types in its human host. Also, more than one receptor in a particular cell has been discerned to take part in mediating the ingress of DENV. In this review, we aim to discuss the different cells of the human immune system that support DENV infection and their corresponding receptors that DENV deploy to gain access to the cells.
Collapse
|
47
|
Galula JU, Salem GM, Chang GJJ, Chao DY. Does structurally-mature dengue virion matter in vaccine preparation in post-Dengvaxia era? Hum Vaccin Immunother 2019; 15:2328-2336. [PMID: 31314657 PMCID: PMC6816432 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2019.1643676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The unexpectedly low vaccine efficacy of Dengvaxia®, developed by Sanofi Pasteur, and a higher risk of severe diseases after vaccination among dengue-naive children or children younger than 6 years old, have cast skepticism about the safety of dengue vaccination resulting in the suspension of school-based immunization programs in the Philippines. The absence of immune correlates of protection from dengue virus (DENV) infection hampers the development of other potential DENV vaccines. While tetravalent live-attenuated tetravalent vaccines (LATVs), which mimic natural infection by inducing both cellular and humoral immune responses, are still currently favored, developing a vaccine that provides a balanced immunity to all four DENV serotypes remains a challenge. With the recently advanced understanding of virion structure and B cell immune responses from naturally infected DENV patients, two points of view in developing a next-generation dengue vaccine emerged: one is to induce potent, type-specific neutralizing antibodies (NtAbs) recognizing quaternary structure-dependent epitopes by having four components of vaccine strains replicate equivalently; the other is to induce protective and broadly NtAbs against the four serotypes of DENV with a universal vaccine. This article reviews the studies related to these issues and the current knowledge gap that needs to be filled in.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jedhan Ucat Galula
- Graduate Institute of Microbiology and Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University , Taichung , Taiwan
| | - Gielenny M Salem
- Graduate Institute of Microbiology and Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University , Taichung , Taiwan
| | - Gwong-Jen J Chang
- Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, US Department of Health and Human Services , Fort Collins , CO , USA
| | - Day-Yu Chao
- Graduate Institute of Microbiology and Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University , Taichung , Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Cho A, Caldara AL, Ran NA, Menne Z, Kauffman RC, Affer M, Llovet A, Norwood C, Scanlan A, Mantus G, Bradley B, Zimmer S, Schmidt T, Hertl M, Payne AS, Feldman R, Kowalczyk AP, Wrammert J. Single-Cell Analysis Suggests that Ongoing Affinity Maturation Drives the Emergence of Pemphigus Vulgaris Autoimmune Disease. Cell Rep 2019; 28:909-922.e6. [PMID: 31340153 PMCID: PMC6684256 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.06.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) is an autoimmune disease characterized by blistering sores on skin and mucosal membranes, caused by autoantibodies primarily targeting the cellular adhesion protein, desmoglein-3 (Dsg3). To better understand how Dsg3-specific autoantibodies develop and cause disease in humans, we performed a cross-sectional study of PV patients before and after treatment to track relevant cellular responses underlying disease pathogenesis, and we provide an in-depth analysis of two patients by generating a panel of mAbs from single Dsg3-specific memory B cells (MBCs). Additionally, we analyzed a paired sample from one patient collected 15-months prior to disease diagnosis. We find that Dsg3-specific MBCs have an activated phenotype and show signs of ongoing affinity maturation and clonal selection. Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) with pathogenic activity primarily target epitopes in the extracellular domains EC1 and EC2 of Dsg3, though they can also bind to the EC4 domain. Combining antibodies targeting different epitopes synergistically enhances in vitro pathogenicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alice Cho
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Disease, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Amber L Caldara
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Department of Dermatology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Nina A Ran
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Zach Menne
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Disease, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Robert C Kauffman
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Disease, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Maurizio Affer
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Disease, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Alexandra Llovet
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Disease, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Carson Norwood
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Disease, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Aaron Scanlan
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Disease, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Grace Mantus
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Disease, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Bridget Bradley
- Department of Dermatology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Stephanie Zimmer
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Department of Dermatology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Thomas Schmidt
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Michael Hertl
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Aimee S Payne
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ron Feldman
- Department of Dermatology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Andrew P Kowalczyk
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Department of Dermatology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jens Wrammert
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Disease, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Sánchez-Vargas LA, Kounlavouth S, Smith ML, Anderson KB, Srikiatkhachorn A, Ellison DW, Currier JR, Endy TP, Mathew A, Rothman AL. Longitudinal Analysis of Memory B and T Cell Responses to Dengue Virus in a 5-Year Prospective Cohort Study in Thailand. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1359. [PMID: 31263466 PMCID: PMC6585174 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Prior exposure to dengue virus (DENV) has a profound impact on the outcome of infection, which varies according to the interval between infections. Antibodies secreted by B cells and cytokines secreted by T cells are thought to contribute both to protective immunity against DENV and the pathogenesis of dengue disease. We analyzed peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) collected from Thai children over a 5-year prospective cohort study to define the dynamics of DENV-specific memory B and T cell responses and the impact of symptomatic or subclinical DENV infections. To measure B cell responses, PBMC were stimulated with IL-2 plus R848 and culture supernatants were tested for DENV-binding antibodies by ELISA. To measure T cell responses, PBMC were stimulated in dual-color ELISPOT assays with overlapping peptide pools of structural and non-structural proteins from the four DENV types. B cell responses were low to one or more DENV types prior to symptomatic infection and increased with reactivity to all four types after infection. Subjects who had a subclinical infection or who did not experience a DENV infection during the study period showed strong memory B cell responses to all four DENV types. T cell responses to DENV peptides demonstrated a cytokine hierarchy of IFN-γ > IL-2 > IFN-γ/IL-2. T cell responses were low or absent prior to secondary infections. The trends in T cell responses to DENV peptides over 3 year post-infection were highly variable, but subjects who had experienced a secondary DENV1 infection showed higher cytokine responses compared to subjects who had experienced a secondary DENV2 or subclinical infection. The longitudinal nature of our study demonstrates persistent memory B cell responses over years and a lasting but variable impact of secondary DENV infection on DENV-specific T cell responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luis A Sánchez-Vargas
- Institute for Immunology and Informatics, University of Rhode Island, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Sonia Kounlavouth
- Institute for Immunology and Informatics, University of Rhode Island, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Madison L Smith
- Institute for Immunology and Informatics, University of Rhode Island, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Kathryn B Anderson
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Anon Srikiatkhachorn
- Institute for Immunology and Informatics, University of Rhode Island, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Damon W Ellison
- Department of Virology, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Jeffrey R Currier
- Viral Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Timothy P Endy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, State University of New York-Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, United States
| | - Anuja Mathew
- Institute for Immunology and Informatics, University of Rhode Island, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Alan L Rothman
- Institute for Immunology and Informatics, University of Rhode Island, Providence, RI, United States
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Davis CW, Jackson KJL, McElroy AK, Halfmann P, Huang J, Chennareddy C, Piper AE, Leung Y, Albariño CG, Crozier I, Ellebedy AH, Sidney J, Sette A, Yu T, Nielsen SCA, Goff AJ, Spiropoulou CF, Saphire EO, Cavet G, Kawaoka Y, Mehta AK, Glass PJ, Boyd SD, Ahmed R. Longitudinal Analysis of the Human B Cell Response to Ebola Virus Infection. Cell 2019; 177:1566-1582.e17. [PMID: 31104840 PMCID: PMC6908968 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2019.04.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Ebola virus (EBOV) remains a public health threat. We performed a longitudinal study of B cell responses to EBOV in four survivors of the 2014 West African outbreak. Infection induced lasting EBOV-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies, but their subclass composition changed over time, with IgG1 persisting, IgG3 rapidly declining, and IgG4 appearing late. Striking changes occurred in the immunoglobulin repertoire, with massive recruitment of naive B cells that subsequently underwent hypermutation. We characterized a large panel of EBOV glycoprotein-specific monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). Only a small subset of mAbs that bound glycoprotein by ELISA recognized cell-surface glycoprotein. However, this subset contained all neutralizing mAbs. Several mAbs protected against EBOV disease in animals, including one mAb that targeted an epitope under evolutionary selection during the 2014 outbreak. Convergent antibody evolution was seen across multiple donors, particularly among VH3-13 neutralizing antibodies specific for the GP1 core. Our study provides a benchmark for assessing EBOV vaccine-induced immunity. Ebola virus infection causes massive recruitment of naive B cells Virus-specific antibodies continue to class-switch and mutate for months after acute infection Protective antibodies can be neutralizing or non-neutralizing and can appear early Convergent, protective antibody rearrangements are seen in multiple donors
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carl W Davis
- Emory Vaccine Center and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Katherine J L Jackson
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Immunology Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - Anita K McElroy
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA; Division of Pediatric Infectious Disease, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Division of Pediatric Infectious Disease, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Peter Halfmann
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI, USA
| | - Jessica Huang
- Emory Vaccine Center and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Chakravarthy Chennareddy
- Emory Vaccine Center and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ashley E Piper
- Virology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute for Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD, USA
| | | | - César G Albariño
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ian Crozier
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, Clinical Monitoring Research Program Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research sponsored by the National Cancer Institutes, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Ali H Ellebedy
- Emory Vaccine Center and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Division of Immunobiology, Department of Pathology and Immunology Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - John Sidney
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Alessandro Sette
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA; Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Tianwei Yu
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Arthur J Goff
- Virology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute for Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD, USA
| | - Christina F Spiropoulou
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Erica Ollman Saphire
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA; La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - Yoshihiro Kawaoka
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI, USA; Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Aneesh K Mehta
- Division of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Pamela J Glass
- Virology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute for Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD, USA
| | - Scott D Boyd
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Rafi Ahmed
- Emory Vaccine Center and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|