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MacKinlay B, Heneghan K, Potts AJ, Radley D, Sanders G, Walker IF. Process evaluation of implementation of the early stages of a whole systems approach to obesity in a small Island. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:1376. [PMID: 38778279 PMCID: PMC11110233 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18876-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The small Atlantic island of St Helena is a United Kingdom Overseas Territory (UKOT) with a high prevalence of childhood obesity (over a quarter of 4-5 and 10-11 year olds) and, anecdotally, adulthood obesity and its associated health detriments. St Helena have taken a whole systems approach to obesity (WSAO) to address the issue. A WSAO recognises the factors that impact obesity as a complex system and requires a 'health in all policies' approach. UK academic and public health technical support was provided to the local St Helena delivery team. This process evaluation sought to explore the early stages of the WSAO implementation and implications for the transferability of the approach to other small island developing states and UKOT. METHODS Data was collected via eight semi-structured interviews, paper based and online surveys, and document analysis. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the data. RESULTS The analysis identified three factors which aided the first phase of WSAO implementation: (1) senior leaders support for the approach; (2) the academic support provided to establish and develop the approach; and (3) effective adaptation of UK Government resources to suit the local context. Key challenges of early implementation included: maintaining and broadening stakeholder engagement; limited local workforce capacity and baseline knowledge related to obesity and systems thinking; and limited capacity for support from the UK-based academic team due to contract terms and COVID-19 restrictions. CONCLUSIONS Early stages of implementation of a WSAO in a UKOT can be successful when using UK's resources as a guide and adapting them to a small island context. All participants recommended other small islands adopt this approach. Continued senior support, dedicated leadership, and comprehensive community engagement is needed to progress implementation and provide the foundation for long-term impact. Small island developing states considering adopting a WSAO should consider political will, senior level buy-in and support, funding, and local workforce knowledge and capacity to enable the best chances of successful and sustainable implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittney MacKinlay
- UK Overseas Territories Programme, Department of Health and Social Care, Office for Health Improvement and Disparities, 39 Victoria Street, London, SW1H 0EU, UK.
| | - Kate Heneghan
- Health Promotion Lead, St Helena Government, St Helena, UK
| | | | - Duncan Radley
- Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK
| | - George Sanders
- Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK
| | - Ian F Walker
- UK Overseas Territories Programme, Department of Health and Social Care, Office for Health Improvement and Disparities, 39 Victoria Street, London, SW1H 0EU, UK
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Halkjær SI, de Knegt VE, Kallemose T, Jensen JEB, Cortes D, Gluud LL, Wewer Albrechtsen NJ, Petersen AM. No effect of multi-strain probiotic supplementation on metabolic and inflammatory markers and newborn body composition in pregnant women with obesity: Results from a randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled study. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2023; 33:2444-2454. [PMID: 37580231 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2023.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Modulation of the gut microbiome composition with probiotics may have beneficial metabolic effects in pregnant women with obesity. The aim was to investigate the effect of probiotic supplementation during pregnancy on metabolic and inflammatory markers and the body composition of the offspring. METHODS AND RESULTS A randomized double-blind trial in 50 pregnant women (pre-pregnancy BMI ≥30 and < 35 kg/m2) comparing multi-strain probiotics (Vivomixx®; 450 billion CFU/d) versus placebo from 14 to 20 weeks of gestation until delivery was carried out. Participants were followed with two predelivery visits at gestational week 27-30 and 36-37 and with one postdelivery visit. All visits included fasting blood samples (C-reactive protein (CRP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), insulin, C-peptide, glucose, glucagon, and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1)). At delivery, umbilical cord blood samples were collected (GLP-1 and glucagon). At the postdelivery visit, a dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scan of the newborn was performed. Forty-nine of 50 participants completed the study until delivery, and 36 mother-offspring dyads underwent postdelivery examinations including a DXA scan. There were no significant differences in changes in measured biomarkers between the probiotic versus the placebo group. No differences were found in newborn body composition or GLP-1 and glucagon. GLP-1 measured in umbilical blood samples was positively correlated to fat percent in offspring from the probiotic group. CONCLUSION In this study of pregnant women with obesity and their newborns, there was no effect of probiotic supplementation in mothers or babies on metabolic or inflammatory biomarkers or on body composition of offspring. This study was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02508844.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofie I Halkjær
- Gastrounit, Medical Section, Copenhagen University Hospital Amager and Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Victoria E de Knegt
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital Amager and Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Thomas Kallemose
- Clinical Research Center, Copenhagen University Hospital Amager and Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Jens-Erik B Jensen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Endocrinology, Copenhagen University Hospital Amager and Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Dina Cortes
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital Amager and Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lise L Gluud
- Gastrounit, Medical Section, Copenhagen University Hospital Amager and Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Andreas Munk Petersen
- Gastrounit, Medical Section, Copenhagen University Hospital Amager and Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Microbiology, Copenhagen University Hospital Amager and Hvidovre, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Alshehri FS, Alorfi NM. Saudi Adults' Understanding and Views of Weight Management Practices and Obesity. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2023; 16:3513-3531. [PMID: 37954890 PMCID: PMC10637233 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s433721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Objective The rising prevalence of overweight and obesity presents a significant global challenge. This study aimed to investigate the understanding and views of weight management practices and obesity among Saudi adults. Methodology A cross-sectional online survey was conducted from October 2022 to January 2023 among adults residing in Saudi Arabia. Participants completed a self-administered 41-item questionnaire designed to assess their understanding and views regarding weight management practices and obesity. Results A total of 1066 participants completed the survey. Gender distribution showed a majority of males (55.7%). Age-wise, the majority fell below 51 years, with 37.7% (young) between 18-24, 32.7% (young adult) between 25-33, and 21.3% (adult) between 34-51. Employment was reported by one-third (n = 315) of respondents, while 22.0% (n = 234) had a history of chronic diseases. Furthermore, 77.3% (n = 824) engaged in regular physical activity.The study results revealed that participants' mean score for understanding obesity was 3.28 ± 2.37 (range 0-6), while the average views score was 28.08 ± 8.79 (range 0-34). Furthermore, females displayed a higher level of understanding compared to males. Employment status also played a significant role, with employed individuals having a better understanding of obesity than those who were unemployed. Moreover, participants with higher qualifications demonstrated a more comprehensive understanding of obesity compared to those with lower qualifications. Additionally, individuals with higher monthly income levels displayed a greater understanding of obesity compared to those with lower incomes. Lastly, participants who engaged in regular physical activity exhibited a higher level of understanding compared to those who were physically inactive. Conclusion The study indicates that factors such as being older, being female, being employed, having higher education and income, and engaging in regular physical activity are associated with increased understanding and favorable views regarding weight management practices and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahad S Alshehri
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nasser M Alorfi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
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Krefman AE, Ghamsari F, Turner DR, Lu A, Borsje M, Wood CW, Petito LC, Polubriaginof FCG, Schneider D, Ahmad F, Allen NB. Using electronic health record data to link families: an illustrative example using intergenerational patterns of obesity. J Am Med Inform Assoc 2023; 30:915-922. [PMID: 36857086 PMCID: PMC10114127 DOI: 10.1093/jamia/ocad028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Electronic health record (EHR) data are a valuable resource for population health research but lack critical information such as relationships between individuals. Emergency contacts in EHRs can be used to link family members, creating a population that is more representative of a community than traditional family cohorts. MATERIALS AND METHODS We revised a published algorithm: relationship inference from the electronic health record (RIFTEHR). Our version, Pythonic RIFTEHR (P-RIFTEHR), identifies a patient's emergency contacts, matches them to existing patients (when available) using network graphs, checks for conflicts, and infers new relationships. P-RIFTEHR was run on December 15, 2021 in the Northwestern Medicine Electronic Data Warehouse (NMEDW) on approximately 2.95 million individuals and was validated using the existing link between children born at NM hospitals and their mothers. As proof-of-concept, we modeled the association between parent and child obesity using logistic regression. RESULTS The P-RIFTEHR algorithm matched 1 157 454 individuals in 448 278 families. The median family size was 2, the largest was 32 persons, and 247 families spanned 4 generations or more. Validation of the mother-child pairs resulted in 95.1% sensitivity. Children were 2 times more likely to be obese if a parent is obese (OR: 2.30; 95% CI, 2.23-2.37). CONCLUSION P-RIFTEHR can identify familiar relationships in a large, diverse population in an integrated health system. Estimates of parent-child inheritability of obesity using family structures identified by the algorithm were consistent with previously published estimates from traditional cohort studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy E Krefman
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Farhad Ghamsari
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Daniel R Turner
- IT Research Computing Services, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
| | - Alice Lu
- Northwestern Medicine Enterprise Data Warehouse, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Martin Borsje
- Northwestern Medicine Enterprise Data Warehouse, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Colby Witherup Wood
- IT Research Computing Services, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
| | - Lucia C Petito
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | - Daniel Schneider
- Northwestern Medicine Enterprise Data Warehouse, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Faraz Ahmad
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Norrina B Allen
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Scherer-Adami F, Dutra-Rosolen M, Schedler F, Carreno I, Alves MN. Nutritional status and dietary intake of pregnant women. Rev Salud Publica (Bogota) 2023; 22:27-33. [PMID: 36753136 DOI: 10.15446/rsap.v22n1.72795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate weight gain during pregnancy according to the pregestational state in women who underwent prenatal care in Primary Health Care. METHODS A cross-sectional study with the participation of 255 pregnant women. Socioeconomic and demographic variables were collected using a structured questionnaire. Women were evaluated for nutritional status and dietary intake. Data related to the age of the pregnant woman, gestational week, current weight, pregestational weight, and height were obtained from the prenatal follow-up form. The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS Pregestational nutritional status assessment showed that 43.2% (n=110) of the women started gestation with overweight and 4.3% (n=11) started with low weight. 51% percent (n=130) gained gestational weight above the recommended level. The mean age of women with pregestational BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 was significantly higher than that of those with BMI <25 kg/rrP (p<0.001). Total energy (p=0.037) and calcium (p=0.004) intake were higher in women with weight gain above the recommended. DISCUSSION The results presented highlight the importance of strategies in public health to avoid excess weight gain during pregnancy. CONCLUSION Pregnant women presented a gestational weight gain above the recommended maximum value according to pregestational BMI, which may contribute to adverse maternal and infant outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Scherer-Adami
- FS: Nutritionist. Ph. D. Environment and Development, Universidade do Vale do Taquari, Rio Grande do Sul. Lajeado, Brazil.
| | - Michele Dutra-Rosolen
- MD: Nutritionist. Ph. D. Food Science and Technology, Universidade Federal de Pelotas. Pelotas, Brazil.
| | - Francieli Schedler
- FS: Nutritionist. University Graduate in Nutrition, Universidade do Vale do Taquari. Lajeado, Brazil.
| | - Ioná Carreno
- IC: Nurse. Ph. D. Nursing, Universidade do Vale do Taquari. Lajeado, Brazil.
| | - Mabel N Alves
- MN: Nutritionist. M. Sc. Nutrition. Universidade Federal de Pelotas. Pelotas, Brazil.
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De Rosso S, Riera-Navarro C, Ducrot P, Schwartz C, Nicklaus S. Counseling parents about child feeding: a qualitative evaluation of French doctors and health/childcare professionals' experiences and perception of a brochure containing new recommendations. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:2303. [PMID: 36482341 PMCID: PMC9733000 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-14778-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parents are crucial in establishing their children's eating habits, and doctors and health/childcare professionals (HCCPs) can provide meaningful and trusted guidance on feeding, especially in the 0-3-year-old period. With the upcoming release of the official brochure containing the new child feeding recommendations in France, this study aims to: (1) assess professionals' practices and perceptions regarding their communication with parents on child feeding and (2) evaluate their perception of the draft of the new brochure. METHODS A 15-page draft brochure (without pictures) containing updated child feeding recommendations for children 0-3 years old was developed by Santé publique France (the French public health agency). Online semi-structured interviews were conducted with professionals (n = 21), including 13 pediatricians and general practitioners (doctors) and eight healthcare or childcare professionals (HCCPs) two weeks after they were provided with this draft brochure to read. The interview guide was developed and piloted with other professionals (n = 3) prior to these interviews. Interview data were transcribed verbatim and analyzed thematically using an inductive approach. RESULTS While doctors and HCCPs mostly communicate orally with parents, both acknowledged that the brochure might be a helpful supplement, especially for HCCPs to legitimize their advice to parents. For doctors, giving the brochure to parents may help provide systematic advice and save time during consultations. Professionals serving parents of lower socioeconomic status would prefer a supplement with less text and more illustrations. In general, the messages were perceived to be easily understandable but providing detachable cards to distribute according to the child's age would facilitate information dissemination and might be more useful to parents. Professionals reported that lack of training, the circulation of contradictory information, and language barriers were common challenges. CONCLUSION French professionals welcomed the new official brochure as a means to spread updated child feeding recommendations. However, this brochure could be modified and specific tools developed to better adapt to professionals' needs of communication with parents and to facilitate the relay of information. Providing updated and consistent information to parents should be considered a priority for public health stakeholders toward increased adherence to new recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia De Rosso
- grid.507621.7Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l’Alimentation, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000 Dijon, France
| | - Camille Riera-Navarro
- grid.507621.7Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l’Alimentation, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000 Dijon, France
| | - Pauline Ducrot
- grid.493975.50000 0004 5948 8741Santé publique France, French national public health agency, F-94415 Saint- Maurice, France
| | - Camille Schwartz
- grid.507621.7Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l’Alimentation, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000 Dijon, France
| | - Sophie Nicklaus
- grid.507621.7Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l’Alimentation, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000 Dijon, France
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Dikyol Mutlu A, Cihan H, KÖKSAL Z. The perceived role of food and eating among turkish women with obesity: A qualitative analysis. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022; 42:1-12. [PMID: 36313584 PMCID: PMC9589573 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-03778-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The studies show the link between Body Mass Index (BMI) and higher food responsiveness despite negative physical, social, and psychological outcomes. The descriptive studies examining what makes individuals with higher BMI values more likely to respond to food are limited, while there is none in the Turkish sample. This study aims to understand the subjective relationship of women with obesity/overweight related to food in Turkish culture. Turkish adult women (aged 22-54) who have BMI higher than 25 (overweight/obesity) participated in semi-structured interviews focusing on how they relate to food and obesity. Participants were reached through Ankara Etlik Zübeyde Hanım Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital Obesity outpatient service. Audio-recorded interviews were analyzed predominantly inductively by thematic analysis principles. Analysis of these interviews reflected three main themes: (1) the act of eating: "I don't know why I eat when I'm full", (2) being overweight: "I am the kind of person who constantly tries to lose weight", and (3) sources of distress. The results indicated the dynamic relationship between the desire to eat, chronic stress, perceived unavailability of close ones, and low sense of self-worth among adult women with obesity/overweight. The other indication is the effect of culture in shaping the relationship dynamics, the sources of distress, and the eating patterns in developing and maintaining obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayse Dikyol Mutlu
- Ankara Etlik Zubeyde Hanım Obstetrics Gynecology Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hüdayar Cihan
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Psychology, Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Zuhal KÖKSAL
- Ankara Etlik Zubeyde Hanım Obstetrics Gynecology Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
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Dade E, Metz M, Pierre JL, Rouzier V, Sufra R, Fox E, Preval F, St-Preux S, Zephir JR, Ariste W, Rasul R, Sabwa S, Roberts N, Deschamps MM, Severe P, Fitzgerald D, Pape JW, Yan LD, McNairy ML. High prevalence of obesity among women in urban Haiti: Findings from a population-based cohort. Front Public Health 2022; 10:976909. [PMID: 36276356 PMCID: PMC9581236 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.976909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Obesity is associated with increased risk of non-communicable diseases and death and is increasing rapidly in low- and middle-income countries, including Haiti. There is limited population-based data on body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) and associated risk factors in Haiti. This study describes BMI and WC, and factors associated with obesity using a population-based cohort from Port-au-Prince. Methods Baseline sociodemographic and clinical data were collected from participants in the Haiti CVD Cohort Study between March 2019 and August 2021. Weight was categorized by BMI (kg/m2) with obesity defined as ≥30 kg/m2. Abdominal obesity was defined using WC cutoffs of ≥80 cm for women and ≥94 cm for men based on WHO guidelines. Sociodemographic and behavioral risk factors, including age, sex, educational attainment, income, smoking status, physical activity, fat/oil use, daily fruit/vegetable consumption, and frequency of fried food intake were assessed for their association with obesity using a Poisson multivariable regression. Results Among 2,966 participants, median age was 41 years (IQR: 28-55) and 57.6% were women. Median BMI was 24.0 kg/m2 (IQR: 20.9-28.1) and 508 (17.1%) participants were obese. Women represented 89.2% of the population with BMI ≥30 kg/m2. A total of 1,167 (68.3%) women had WC ≥80 cm and 144 (11.4%) men had WC ≥94 cm. BMI ≥30 kg/m2 was significantly more prevalent among women than men [PR 5.7; 95% CI: (4.3-7.6)], those 40-49 years compared to 18-29 years [PR 3.3; 95% CI: (2.4-4.6)], and those with income >10 USD per day compared to ≤1 USD [PR 1.3; 95% CI: (1.0-1.6)]. There were no significant associations with other health and behavioral risk factors. Discussion In Haiti, women have an alarming 6-fold higher obesity prevalence compared to men (26.5 vs. 4.3%) and 89.2% of participants with obesity were women. Abdominal obesity was high, at 44.3%. Haiti faces a paradox of an ongoing national food insecurity crises and a burgeoning obesity epidemic. Individual, social, and environmental drivers of obesity, especially among women, need to be identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliezer Dade
- Haitian Group for the Study of Kaposi's Sarcoma and Opportunistic Infections (GHESKIO), Port-au-Prince, Haiti
| | - Miranda Metz
- Center for Global Health, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Jean Lookens Pierre
- Haitian Group for the Study of Kaposi's Sarcoma and Opportunistic Infections (GHESKIO), Port-au-Prince, Haiti
| | - Vanessa Rouzier
- Haitian Group for the Study of Kaposi's Sarcoma and Opportunistic Infections (GHESKIO), Port-au-Prince, Haiti
- Center for Global Health, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Rodney Sufra
- Haitian Group for the Study of Kaposi's Sarcoma and Opportunistic Infections (GHESKIO), Port-au-Prince, Haiti
| | - Elizabeth Fox
- Department of Public and Ecosystem Health, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Fabyola Preval
- Haitian Group for the Study of Kaposi's Sarcoma and Opportunistic Infections (GHESKIO), Port-au-Prince, Haiti
| | - Stephano St-Preux
- Haitian Group for the Study of Kaposi's Sarcoma and Opportunistic Infections (GHESKIO), Port-au-Prince, Haiti
| | - Jean Ronald Zephir
- Haitian Group for the Study of Kaposi's Sarcoma and Opportunistic Infections (GHESKIO), Port-au-Prince, Haiti
| | - Wilson Ariste
- Haitian Group for the Study of Kaposi's Sarcoma and Opportunistic Infections (GHESKIO), Port-au-Prince, Haiti
| | - Rehana Rasul
- Institute for Implementation Science in Population Health, City University of New York, New York, NY, United States
| | - Shalom Sabwa
- Center for Global Health, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Nicholas Roberts
- Center for Global Health, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Marie Marcelle Deschamps
- Haitian Group for the Study of Kaposi's Sarcoma and Opportunistic Infections (GHESKIO), Port-au-Prince, Haiti
| | - Patrice Severe
- Haitian Group for the Study of Kaposi's Sarcoma and Opportunistic Infections (GHESKIO), Port-au-Prince, Haiti
| | - Daniel Fitzgerald
- Center for Global Health, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Jean William Pape
- Haitian Group for the Study of Kaposi's Sarcoma and Opportunistic Infections (GHESKIO), Port-au-Prince, Haiti
- Center for Global Health, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Lily Du Yan
- Center for Global Health, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Margaret L. McNairy
- Center for Global Health, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
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Gilbert AS, Salvo D, Tabak RG, Haire-Joshu D. Does the neighborhood built environment moderate the effectiveness of a weight-loss intervention for mothers with overweight or obesity? Findings from the Healthy Eating and Active Living Taught at Home (HEALTH) study. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2022; 19:130. [PMID: 36182908 PMCID: PMC9526987 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-022-01368-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Women of childbearing age are vulnerable to weight gain and experience a high prevalence of obesity due to pregnancy and stressors of parenthood. Lifestyle interventions such as the Healthy Eating and Active Living Taught at Home (HEALTH) study have been effective for weight loss; however, little is known about how the built environment (parks, transit, grocery stores, fast food, walkability etc.), where participants live might modify intervention effectiveness. This study examined whether characteristics of the neighborhood built environment modified effectiveness of the HEALTH study on weight loss. METHODS: Secondary data analysis was conducted using data from HEALTH. Using GIS, buffers were built around participant addresses to capture distance to and availability of food (grocery store, convenience store, fast food) and urban design and transit (parks, street connectivity, transit) built environment characteristics. Built environment characteristics were dichotomized into low and high density and distance. Likelihood ratio tests for interaction were conducted to determine if built environment characteristics modified intervention effectiveness on Body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC). Mixed effects linear regression models were then run to estimate the effect of the HEALTH intervention on weight outcomes at 24-months across both strata of built environment characteristics. RESULTS: The analytic sample (n = 151) had baseline mean BMI 34.9 (SD = 5.8) and mean WC 46.0 cm (SD4.9). All urban design and transit and all food environment characteristics modified HEALTH effectiveness on one or both weight outcomes. The built environment modified the HEALTH intervention such that it was mostly effective for mothers residing in neighborhoods with low transit access, low street connectivity, high park access, and low access to grocery stores, convenience stores, and fast food. CONCLUSIONS Result show the HEALTH was most effective for women residing neighborhoods with built environment characteristics suggestive of suburban neighborhood typology. To maximize impact for mothers residing in all types of neighborhoods, future research should explore scaling up HEALTH in suburban settings, while adapting HEALTH to maximize effectiveness in compact neighborhoods most likely, urban core neighborhoods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda S Gilbert
- Prevention Research Center in St. Louis, Brown School at Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Deborah Salvo
- Prevention Research Center in St. Louis, Brown School at Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.
- Center for Diabetes Translation Research, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, College of Education, The University of Texas at Austin, Bellmont Hall (BEL) at 2109 San Jacinto Blvd., Austin, TX, 78712, USA.
| | - Rachel G Tabak
- Prevention Research Center in St. Louis, Brown School at Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Center for Diabetes Translation Research, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Debra Haire-Joshu
- Prevention Research Center in St. Louis, Brown School at Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Center for Diabetes Translation Research, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
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10
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Gow ML, Jebeile H, Lister NB, Roth H, Skouteris H, Bergmeier H. Content Analysis of #Postpartumbody Images Posted to Instagram. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10091802. [PMID: 36141414 PMCID: PMC9498984 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10091802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the imagery on social media targeting postpartum women is an important step in determining the utility of Instagram as a potential avenue for targeting public health messages to this group. This study (1) describes the content of images on Instagram tagged with #postpartumbody and; (2) compares images from ‘Top’ posts (‘trending’ or ‘popular’) with ‘Recent’ posts. 600 images tagged with #postpartumbody (300 ‘Top’ and 300 ‘Recent’) were systematically captured from Instagram and coded using a predefined framework. Images of women were coded for adiposity, muscularity, pose and attire. Chi-square tests were used to compare ‘Top’ and ‘Recent’ posts. Most (n = 409) images were of a woman who generally had low/average adiposity (91%) and little-to-none/some visible muscle definition (93%). Most women (52%) were posing in a non-specific manner, 5% were posing to accentuate a postpartum body feature and 40% were wearing fitness attire. Compared with ‘Recent’, ‘Top’ posts were less likely to be text-focused (p < 0.001), photos of food (p < 0.001) or linked to a product/program (p < 0.001). Women of lower adiposity are more likely to post images of themselves on Instagram tagged with #postpartumbody than women of higher adiposity, which may reflect increased body pride in this group, but could reduce body satisfaction for some viewers. Conveying health information on Instagram may be necessary to interrupt potentially harmful content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan L. Gow
- Children’s Hospital Westmead Clinical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia
- Discipline of Paediatrics, School of Clinical Medicine, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2031, Australia
- Correspondence:
| | - Hiba Jebeile
- Children’s Hospital Westmead Clinical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia
- The Institute of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The Children’s Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Natalie B. Lister
- Children’s Hospital Westmead Clinical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia
- The Institute of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The Children’s Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Heike Roth
- Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Helen Skouteris
- Health and Social Care Unit, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Heidi Bergmeier
- Health and Social Care Unit, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
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11
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Bombak A, Robinson E, Hughes K, Riediger N, Thomson L. “Mommy-see, mommy-do”: perceptions of intergenerational “obesity” transmission among lower-income, higher-weight, rural midwestern American women. FOOD AND FOODWAYS 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/07409710.2022.2089825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Bombak
- Department of Sociology, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, Canada
| | - Emma Robinson
- Department of Sociology, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, Canada
| | - Katherine Hughes
- School of Health Sciences, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, Michigan, USA
| | - Natalie Riediger
- Departments of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Lisa Thomson
- Department of Sociology, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, Canada
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12
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Information seeking of French parents regarding infant and young child feeding: practices, needs and determinants. Public Health Nutr 2022; 25:879-892. [PMID: 34321131 PMCID: PMC9991613 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980021003086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE As part of an update of feeding benchmarks targeting children aged 0-3 years, this study aimed to explore parental perceptions, information-seeking practices and needs concerning infant and young child feeding (IYCF) to design an efficient communication strategy. DESIGN Participants were recruited using the quota sampling to complete an online survey. Effects of parity, child age, prematurity, parental education and financial situation on parents' responses were evaluated separately. SETTING France. PARTICIPANTS A nationally representative sample of 1001 parents of children <4 years. RESULTS Parents whose child had any medical condition affecting feeding (children with medical condition (CMC), 17 %) were considered separately from healthy children's parents. All the healthy children's parents recognised the importance of IYCF for children's health and growth; however, one-third considered the available advice contradictory and not guilt-free. The most used information sources were healthcare professionals (HCP, 81 %), internet (72 %) and parental networks (63 %). The most influential sources (mean influence ± sd) included HCP (7·7 ± 1·7/10), childcare professionals (7·3 ± 1·8/10) and parental networks (6·9 ± 1·8/10). Parents searched for practical tips for implementing IYCF starting when their child was 5 months old. Differences regarding the type of source used by parents with higher v. lower educations were small. Search strategies differed according to parity or child age but not to prematurity. The CMC parents reported slightly different practices and needs. CONCLUSIONS Parents receive information from multiple sources, which can lead to confusion when deciding which advice to follow. A public health communication strategy adapted to the current parental needs should target these various sources.
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13
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Oliveira MMD, Santos EESD, Bernardino ÍDM, Pedraza DF. Fatores associados ao estado nutricional de crianças menores de cinco anos da Paraíba, Brasil. CIENCIA & SAUDE COLETIVA 2022; 27:711-724. [DOI: 10.1590/1413-81232022272.46652020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Resumo Objetivou-se analisar se o estado nutricional de crianças menores de cinco anos de idade está relacionado às condições biológicas de suas mães, ao acesso a serviços de saúde, ao benefício de programas sociais e às condições socioeconômicas. Trata-se de um estudo transversal realizado no contexto da Estratégia Saúde da Família, em sete municípios do interior do estado da Paraíba. A metodologia incluiu o diagnóstico do déficit de estatura e do excesso de peso (sobrepeso e obesidade) das crianças, cujos determinantes foram analisados por meio de árvore de decisão. Como resultado, foram avaliadas 469 crianças, das quais 7,9% apresentaram déficit de estatura e 12,8% excesso de peso. Encontrou-se associação desses desfechos com o estado nutricional materno. A baixa estatura também teve como exposições relevantes a idade da criança inferior a dois anos (p = 0,018) e a insegurança alimentar e nutricional moderada/grave (p = 0,008). Para o excesso de peso, não ser beneficiário do Programa Bolsa Família (p = 0,049) e a pior situação socioeconômica (p = 0,006) também representaram fatores associados ao desfecho. Como conclusão do presente estudo, podemos afirmar que existe uma associação entre o estado nutricional materno e o da criança.
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14
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Hunter KE, Johnson BJ, Askie L, Golley RK, Baur LA, Marschner IC, Taylor RW, Wolfenden L, Wood CT, Mihrshahi S, Hayes AJ, Rissel C, Robledo KP, O'Connor DA, Espinoza D, Staub LP, Chadwick P, Taki S, Barba A, Libesman S, Aberoumand M, Smith WA, Sue-See M, Hesketh KD, Thomson JL, Bryant M, Paul IM, Verbestel V, Stough CO, Wen LM, Larsen JK, O'Reilly SL, Wasser HM, Savage JS, Ong KK, Salvy SJ, Messito MJ, Gross RS, Karssen LT, Rasmussen FE, Campbell K, Linares AM, Øverby NC, Palacios C, Joshipura KJ, González Acero C, Lakshman R, Thompson AL, Maffeis C, Oken E, Ghaderi A, Campos Rivera M, Pérez-Expósito AB, Banna JC, de la Haye K, Goran M, Røed M, Anzman-Frasca S, Taylor BJ, Seidler AL. Transforming Obesity Prevention for CHILDren (TOPCHILD) Collaboration: protocol for a systematic review with individual participant data meta-analysis of behavioural interventions for the prevention of early childhood obesity. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e048166. [PMID: 35058256 PMCID: PMC8783820 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-048166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Behavioural interventions in early life appear to show some effect in reducing childhood overweight and obesity. However, uncertainty remains regarding their overall effectiveness, and whether effectiveness differs among key subgroups. These evidence gaps have prompted an increase in very early childhood obesity prevention trials worldwide. Combining the individual participant data (IPD) from these trials will enhance statistical power to determine overall effectiveness and enable examination of individual and trial-level subgroups. We present a protocol for a systematic review with IPD meta-analysis to evaluate the effectiveness of obesity prevention interventions commencing antenatally or in the first year after birth, and to explore whether there are differential effects among key subgroups. METHODS AND ANALYSIS Systematic searches of Medline, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), PsycInfo and trial registries for all ongoing and completed randomised controlled trials evaluating behavioural interventions for the prevention of early childhood obesity have been completed up to March 2021 and will be updated annually to include additional trials. Eligible trialists will be asked to share their IPD; if unavailable, aggregate data will be used where possible. An IPD meta-analysis and a nested prospective meta-analysis will be performed using methodologies recommended by the Cochrane Collaboration. The primary outcome will be body mass index z-score at age 24±6 months using WHO Growth Standards, and effect differences will be explored among prespecified individual and trial-level subgroups. Secondary outcomes include other child weight-related measures, infant feeding, dietary intake, physical activity, sedentary behaviours, sleep, parenting measures and adverse events. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Approved by The University of Sydney Human Research Ethics Committee (2020/273) and Flinders University Social and Behavioural Research Ethics Committee (HREC CIA2133-1). Results will be relevant to clinicians, child health services, researchers, policy-makers and families, and will be disseminated via publications, presentations and media releases. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42020177408.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kylie E Hunter
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Brittany J Johnson
- Caring Futures Institute, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Lisa Askie
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Rebecca K Golley
- Caring Futures Institute, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Louise A Baur
- Children's Hospital Westmead Clinical School, The University of Sydney, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ian C Marschner
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Rachael W Taylor
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Luke Wolfenden
- School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Charles T Wood
- School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Seema Mihrshahi
- Department of Health Systems and Populations, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Alison J Hayes
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Chris Rissel
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kristy P Robledo
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Denise A O'Connor
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Monash Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Cabrini Institute, Malvern, Victoria, Australia
| | - David Espinoza
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Lukas P Staub
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Paul Chadwick
- Centre For Behaviour Change, University College London, London, UK
| | - Sarah Taki
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Population Health Research and Evaluation Hub, Sydney Local Health District, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Angie Barba
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sol Libesman
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Mason Aberoumand
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Wendy A Smith
- Canterbury Community Health Centre, Sydney Local Health District, Campsie, New South Wales, Australia
- Consumer Representative, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Kylie D Hesketh
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Maria Bryant
- Department of Health Sciences and the Hull York Medical School, University of York, York, UK
| | - Ian M Paul
- Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Vera Verbestel
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Li Ming Wen
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Population Health Research and Evaluation Hub, Sydney Local Health District, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Junilla K Larsen
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud Universiteit, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Sharleen L O'Reilly
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Heather M Wasser
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jennifer S Savage
- Department of Nutritional Sciences & Center for Childhood Obesity Research, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ken K Ong
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sarah-Jeanne Salvy
- Research Center for Health Equity, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, West Hollywood, California, USA
| | - Mary Jo Messito
- Grossman School of Medicine, New York University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Rachel S Gross
- Grossman School of Medicine, New York University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Levie T Karssen
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud Universiteit, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Finn E Rasmussen
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Karen Campbell
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ana Maria Linares
- College of Nursing, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Nina Cecilie Øverby
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, Department of Nutrition and Public Health, University of Agder, Kristiansand, Vest-Agder, Norway
| | - Cristina Palacios
- Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, Robert Stempel College of Public Health & Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Kaumudi J Joshipura
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard University T H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Center for Clinical Research and Health Promotion, University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico, USA
| | - Carolina González Acero
- Social Protection and Health Division, Inter-American Development Bank, Santo Domingo, Distrito Nacional, Dominican Republic
| | | | - Amanda L Thompson
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Anthropology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Claudio Maffeis
- Pediatric Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders Unit, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Emily Oken
- Division of Chronic Disease Research Across the Lifecourse, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ata Ghaderi
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Ana B Pérez-Expósito
- Social Protection and Health Division, Inter-American Development Bank, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Jinan C Banna
- Department of Human Nutrition, Food and Animal Sciences, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - Kayla de la Haye
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Michael Goran
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Margrethe Røed
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, Department of Nutrition and Public Health, University of Agder, Kristiansand, Vest-Agder, Norway
| | - Stephanie Anzman-Frasca
- Department of Pediatrics, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Barry J Taylor
- Better Start National Science Challenge, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Anna Lene Seidler
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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15
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Earle R, Littlewood R, Nalatu S, Walker J. Empowerment Approaches in Childhood Weight Management: A Systematic Review. Child Obes 2022; 18:2-30. [PMID: 34314612 DOI: 10.1089/chi.2021.0049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Empowerment interventions facilitate individuals, organizations, and communities to gain better control over their health. They are distinctly different from traditional behavior change models and encourage participants to set their own health priorities and agenda. Current evidence suggests empowerment interventions are efficacious for smoking, sexual, and mental health outcomes. However, empowerment in childhood obesity (which remains a global public health challenge) is underresearched. This review systematically analyzed the evidence for empowerment approaches in childhood weight management. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines were followed. A search strategy was applied to six databases from inception to May 25, 2021. Evidence was appraised using The Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics Quality Criteria Checklist and National Health and Medical Research Council Levels of Evidence. Of the 9274 articles identified, 29 articles describing 14 programs met the inclusion criteria. Twenty-five studies rated positive and four rated neutral. Overall, the evidence body rated "B." Seventy-two percent of the 3318 participants were from priority populations, highlighting the unique ability of empowerment interventions to engage those most in need. Results demonstrate small to large improvements in participant body mass index with effect sizes ranging from 0.08 to 1.13. Throughout the literature, empowerment was measured inconsistently and usually with a surrogate marker. All studies were set in America or Canada. This review suggests empowerment should be further investigated in childhood weight management. Empowerment interventions represent a unique opportunity to meaningfully integrate self-determination to clinical childhood weight management practice and overcome current barriers related to priority population engagement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renae Earle
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Robyn Littlewood
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia.,Health and Wellbeing Queensland, Milton, Queensland, Australia
| | - Simone Nalatu
- Health and Wellbeing Queensland, Milton, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jacqueline Walker
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
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16
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Panera N, Mandato C, Crudele A, Bertrando S, Vajro P, Alisi A. Genetics, epigenetics and transgenerational transmission of obesity in children. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1006008. [PMID: 36452324 PMCID: PMC9704419 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1006008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sedentary lifestyle and consumption of high-calorie foods have caused a relentless increase of overweight and obesity prevalence at all ages. Its presently epidemic proportion is disquieting due to the tight relationship of obesity with metabolic syndrome and several other comorbidities which do call for urgent workarounds. The usual ineffectiveness of present therapies and failure of prevention campaigns triggered overtime a number of research studies which have unveiled some relevant aspects of obesity genetic and epigenetic inheritable profiles. These findings are revealing extremely precious mainly to serve as a likely extra arrow to allow the clinician's bow to achieve still hitherto unmet preventive goals. Evidence now exists that maternal obesity/overnutrition during pregnancy and lactation convincingly appears associated with several disorders in the offspring independently of the transmission of a purely genetic predisposition. Even the pre-conception direct exposure of either father or mother gametes to environmental factors can reprogram the epigenetic architecture of cells. Such phenomena lie behind the transfer of the obesity susceptibility to future generations through a mechanism of epigenetic inheritance. Moreover, a growing number of studies suggests that several environmental factors such as maternal malnutrition, hypoxia, and exposure to excess hormones and endocrine disruptors during pregnancy and the early postnatal period may play critical roles in programming childhood adipose tissue and obesity. A deeper understanding of how inherited genetics and epigenetics may generate an obesogenic environment at pediatric age might strengthen our knowledge about pathogenetic mechanisms and improve the clinical management of patients. Therefore, in this narrative review, we attempt to provide a general overview of the contribution of heritable genetic and epigenetic patterns to the obesity susceptibility in children, placing a particular emphasis on the mother-child dyad.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Panera
- Unit of Molecular Genetics of Complex Phenotypes, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Mandato
- Pediatrics Section, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, Baronissi, Salermo, Italy
- *Correspondence: Anna Alisi, ; Claudia Mandato,
| | - Annalisa Crudele
- Unit of Molecular Genetics of Complex Phenotypes, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Bertrando
- Pediatrics Clinic, San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d’Aragona University Hospital, Salerno, Italy
| | - Pietro Vajro
- Pediatrics Section, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, Baronissi, Salermo, Italy
| | - Anna Alisi
- Unit of Molecular Genetics of Complex Phenotypes, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- *Correspondence: Anna Alisi, ; Claudia Mandato,
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17
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Xu R, Zhao W, Tan T, Li H, Wan Y. Paternal body mass index before conception associated with offspring's birth weight in Chinese population: a prospective study. J OBSTET GYNAECOL 2021; 42:861-866. [PMID: 34590963 DOI: 10.1080/01443615.2021.1945558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Whether paternal epigenetic changes resulting from nutrition might be inherited by their offspring remains unknown. This study evaluated the relationship between preconception paternal body weight and their offspring's birth weight in 1,810 Chinese mother-father-baby trios. Information on paternal and maternal preconception body weight and height was collected via a self-reported questionnaire. Birth weight was collected from medical records. Paternal preconception body weight was associated with offspring's birth weight (p trend = .02) after multivariate adjustment. Each standard deviation increment of paternal body mass index was associated with an additional 29.6 g increase of birth weight (95% confident interval: 5.7 g, 53.5 g). The association was more pronounced in male neonates, and neonates with overweight mothers, and with mothers who gained excessive gestational weight, compared to their counterparts (all p interaction < .05). Sensitivity analyses showed similar pattern to that of the main analysis. Paternal preconception body weight was associated with birth weight of their offspring.Impact statementWhat is already known on this subject? More efforts have previously been put on the maternal contribution to birth weight, however, it is uncertain whether paternal pre-conceptional body weight, an indicator for epigenetic information, might be inherited by their offspring.What do the results of this study add? In the current study that included 1,810 Chinese mother-father-baby trios, a small but significant association was observed between paternal preconception body weight and offspring's birth weight (p trend =.02).What are the implications of these findings for clinical practice and/or further research? Paternal epigenetic information of nutrition could be inherited by their offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renying Xu
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Shanghai, China
| | - Weixiu Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Tan
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haojie Li
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanping Wan
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Shanghai, China
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18
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do Carmo JM, Omoto ACM, Dai X, Moak SP, Mega GS, Li X, Wang Z, Mouton AJ, Hall JE, da Silva AA. Sex differences in the impact of parental obesity on offspring cardiac SIRT3 expression, mitochondrial efficiency, and diastolic function early in life. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2021; 321:H485-H495. [PMID: 34296964 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00176.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies suggest that parental obesity may adversely impact long-term metabolic health of the offspring. We tested the hypothesis that parental (paternal + maternal) obesity impairs cardiac function in the offspring early in life. Within 1-3 days after weaning, offspring from obese rats fed a high-fat diet (HFD-Offs) and age-matched offspring from lean rats (ND-Offs) were submitted to echocardiography and cardiac catheterization for assessment of pressure-volume relationships. Then, hearts were digested and isolated cardiomyocytes were used to determine contractile function, calcium transients, proteins related to calcium signaling, and mitochondrial bioenergetics. Female and male HFD-Offs were heavier (72 ± 2 and 61 ± 4 g vs. 57 ± 2 and 49 ± 1 g), hyperglycemic (112 ± 8 and 115 ± 12 mg/dL vs. 92 ± 10 and 96 ± 8 mg/dL) with higher plasma insulin and leptin concentrations compared with female and male ND-Offs. When compared with male controls, male HFD-Offs exhibited similar systolic function but impaired diastolic function as indicated by increased IVRT (22 ± 1 vs. 17 ± 1 ms), E/E' ratio (29 ± 2 vs. 23 ± 1), and tau (5.7 ± 0.2 vs. 4.8 ± 0.2). The impaired diastolic function was associated with reduced resting free Ca2+ levels and phospholamban protein expression, increased activated matrix metalloproteinase 2, and reduced SIRT3 protein expression, mitochondrial ATP reserve, and ATP-linked respiration. These results indicate that male and female Offs from obese parents have multiple metabolic abnormalities early in life (1-3 days after weaning) and that male, but not female, Offs have impaired diastolic function as well as reductions in cardiac SIRT3, resting free Ca2+ levels, and mitochondrial biogenesis.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Parental obesity contributes to diastolic dysfunction in young offspring (1-3 days after weaning) in a sex-dependent manner, as well as reduced cardiac SIRT3 expression and altered mitochondrial bioenergetics, resting Ca2+ levels, and reduced phospholamban protein levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jussara M do Carmo
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, Cardiorenal and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Ana C M Omoto
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, Cardiorenal and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Xuemei Dai
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, Cardiorenal and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Sydney P Moak
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, Cardiorenal and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Gabriela S Mega
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, Cardiorenal and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi.,Centro Universitário Barão de Mauá, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Xuan Li
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, Cardiorenal and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, Cardiorenal and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Alan J Mouton
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, Cardiorenal and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - John E Hall
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, Cardiorenal and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Alexandre A da Silva
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, Cardiorenal and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
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19
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Cobo-Reyes R, Lacomba JA, Lagos F, Zenker C, Reuben E. Early Adolescents' Food Selection After Evaluating the Healthiness of Remote Peers' Food Choices. Child Dev 2021; 92:e1198-e1210. [PMID: 34263459 DOI: 10.1111/cdev.13631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This study investigates whether asking early adolescents to evaluate the food choices of remote peers improves their own food selection. Participants were students from fifth (N = 219, Mage = 9.30 years) and sixth grades (N = 248, Mage = 10.28 years) of varying nationalities living in the United Arab Emirates (race and ethnicity were not collected). Students saw peers' healthy or unhealthy food choices before picking their own food. In some conditions, students also critically evaluated the healthiness of the peers' choices. Evaluation of peer choices led to healthier decisions (d = .53) to the point that it offsets the negative impact of observing unhealthy peer choices. This effect is larger for sixth graders compared to fifth graders.
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20
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Toro-Ramos T, Heaner M, Yang Q, DeLuca L, Behr H, Reynolds K, Kim Y, Michaelides A. Postpartum Weight Retention: A Retrospective Data Analysis Measuring Weight Loss and Program Engagement with a Mobile Health Program. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2021; 30:1645-1652. [PMID: 33481655 DOI: 10.1089/jwh.2020.8584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Mobile health (mHealth) technology can circumvent barriers to participation in weight loss programs faced by new mothers. The objective of this study was to assess weight change and program engagement in postpartum women (n = 130) participating in a 24-week behavior change mHealth weight-loss intervention. Materials and Methods: Participants were recruited through a program offered on a commercial mHealth application that provided evidence-based lifestyle interventions. To meet inclusion criteria, women had to be 18-45 years of age, and given birth within 2 years before the start of the study. Participants signed up for the Noom Healthy Weight program between January and March of 2019 and were offered the program free of charge. Linear mixed models were conducted; the primary outcome was weight change from baseline at 16 and 24 weeks. Secondary outcomes were program engagement and their relationship with completion status. Results: Results showed that time was a significant predictor of weight at week 16 [t(-3.94) = -9.40; p < 0.001] and week 24 [t(-4.08) = -9.74; p < 0.001]; users lost 3.94 kgs at week 16 and 4.08 kgs at week 24, compared with baseline. In addition, body mass index significantly decreased at week 24 [t(112) = 7.33, p < 0.0001] with the majority of participants (80%) experiencing reductions by more than 2 units. On average, subjects who completed the program (completers) lost more weight compared with those who did not complete the program [t(-5.09) = -2.94; p = 0.004], losing 5.09 kgs (95% CI -8.48 to -1.69) throughout the 24 weeks. Conclusion: This cohort study shows that a uniquely mobile, behavior change intervention for weight management is effective at producing significant weight loss with potential to address postpartum weight retention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Toro-Ramos
- Noom, Inc., New York, New York, USA
- Project Management, Seed Health, Venice, California, USA
| | - Martica Heaner
- Nutrition Department, School of Urban Public Health, Hunter College, New York, New York USA
| | - Qiuchen Yang
- Clinical Research, Noom, Inc., New York, New York, USA
| | - Laura DeLuca
- Clinical Research, Noom, Inc., New York, New York, USA
- Ferkauf Graduate School of Psychology, Yeshiva University, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Heather Behr
- Clinical Research, Noom, Inc., New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Youngin Kim
- Clinical Research, Noom, Inc., New York, New York, USA
- Department of Biomedical Systems Informatics, Yonsei University College of Medicine Seoul, Seoul, South Korea
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21
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Adebowale TO, Taylor BJ, Gray AR, Galland BC, Heath ALM, Fortune S, Meredith-Jones KA, Sullivan T, McIntosh D, Brosnan B, Taylor RW. Long-Term Follow-Up of a Randomized Controlled Trial to Reduce Excessive Weight Gain in Infancy: Protocol for the Prevention of Overweight in Infancy (POI) Follow-Up Study at 11 Years. JMIR Res Protoc 2020; 9:e24968. [PMID: 33252344 PMCID: PMC7735907 DOI: 10.2196/24968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The Prevention of Overweight in Infancy (POI) randomized controlled trial assessed the effect of a more conventional food, physical activity, and breastfeeding intervention, with a more novel sleep intervention on weight outcomes at 2 years of age. The trial had 58% uptake at recruitment, and retention was 86% at age 2 years, 77% at age 3.5 years, and 69% at age 5 years. Children who received the brief sleep intervention in infancy had just half the risk of obesity at 2 years of age compared to those who did not receive the sleep intervention. Importantly, this substantially reduced risk was still apparent at our follow-up at 5 years of age. Objective The primary aim of this follow-up at age 11 years is to determine whether differences in BMI z-score and obesity risk remain apparent now that it is at least 9 years since cessation of the sleep intervention. Several secondary outcomes of interest will also be examined including 24-hour movement patterns, mental health and wellbeing, and use of electronic media, particularly prior to sleep. Methods We will seek renewed consent from all 734 of the original 802 POI families who expressed interest in further involvement. Children and parent(s) will attend 2 clinics and 1 home appointment to obtain measures of anthropometry and body composition (dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry scan), 24-hour movement patterns (sleep, sedentary time, and physical activity measured using an AX3 accelerometer), mental health and wellbeing (validated questionnaires), family functioning (validated questionnaires), use of electronic media (wearable and stationary cameras, questionnaires), and diet and eating behaviors (24-hour recall, questionnaires). Results This follow-up study has full ethical approval from the University of Otago Human Ethics Committee (H19/109) and was funded in May 2019 by the Health Research Council of New Zealand (grant 19/346). Data collection commenced in June 2020, and first results are expected to be submitted for publication in 2022. Conclusions Long-term outcomes of early obesity intervention are rare. Despite the growing body of evidence linking insufficient sleep with an increased risk of obesity in children, interventions targeting improvements in sleep have been insufficiently explored. Our initial follow-up at 5 years of age suggested that an early sleep intervention may have long-term benefits for effective weight management in children. Further analysis in our now preteen population will provide much-needed evidence regarding the long-term effectiveness of sleep interventions in infancy as an obesity prevention approach. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00892983; https://tinyurl.com/y3xepvxf International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/24968
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Barry J Taylor
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Children's Pavilion Dunedin Public Hospital, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Andrew R Gray
- Biostatistics Centre, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Barbara C Galland
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | | | - Sarah Fortune
- Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | | | - Trudy Sullivan
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Deborah McIntosh
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Bradley Brosnan
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Rachael W Taylor
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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22
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Skouteris H, Bergmeier HJ, Berns SD, Betancourt J, Boynton-Jarrett R, Davis MB, Gibbons K, Pérez-Escamilla R, Story M. Reframing the early childhood obesity prevention narrative through an equitable nurturing approach. MATERNAL AND CHILD NUTRITION 2020; 17:e13094. [PMID: 33067918 PMCID: PMC7729646 DOI: 10.1111/mcn.13094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
High‐quality mother–child interactions during the first 2,000 days, from conception to age 5 years, are considered crucial for preventing obesity development during early life stages. However, mother–child dyads interact within and are influenced by broader socio‐ecological contexts involved in shaping child development outcomes, including nutrition. Hence, the coexistence of both undernutrition and obesity has been noted in inequitable social conditions, with drivers of undernutrition and overnutrition in children sharing common elements, such as poverty and food insecurity. To date, a holistic life‐course approach to childhood obesity prevention that includes an equitable developmental perspective has not emerged. The World Health Organization (WHO) Nurturing Care Framework provides the foundation for reframing the narrative to understand childhood obesity through the lens of an equitable nurturing care approach to child development from a life‐course perspective. In this perspective, we outline our rationale for reframing the childhood narrative by integrating an equitable nurturing care approach to childhood obesity prevention. Four key elements of reframing the narrative include: (a) extending the focus from the current 1,000 to 2,000 days (conception to 5 years); (b) highlighting the importance of nurturing mutually responsive child‐caregiver connections to age 5; (c) recognition of racism and related stressors, not solely race/ethnicity, as part of adverse child experiences and social determinants of obesity; and (d) addressing equity by codesigning interventions with socially marginalized families and communities. An equitable, asset‐based engagement of families and communities could drive the transformation of policies, systems and social conditions to prevent childhood obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Skouteris
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,Warwick Business School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Heidi J Bergmeier
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Scott D Berns
- National Institute for Children's Health Quality, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Kay Gibbons
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Footscray, VIC, Australia.,Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Rafael Pérez-Escamilla
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Mary Story
- Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
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23
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Haire-Joshu D, Schwarz C, Jacob R, Kristen P, Johnston S, Quinn K, Tabak R. Raising Well at Home: a pre-post feasibility study of a lifestyle intervention for caregivers and their child with obesity. Pilot Feasibility Stud 2020; 6:149. [PMID: 33042569 PMCID: PMC7541221 DOI: 10.1186/s40814-020-00692-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Few efficacious pediatric obesity interventions have been successfully translated and sustained in real-world practice, often due to inadequate fit with the priorities of under-resourced populations. Lifestyle interventions, which incorporate tailoring of essential weight loss ingredients and adaptation of mode and intensity to the living circumstances of children with obesity, are needed. The purpose of this pilot study was to test the feasibility and efficacy of a tailored lifestyle intervention for caregivers and their children with obesity, conducted in partnership with Envolve, Inc., a family of comprehensive health solutions and wholly owned subsidiary of Centene Corporation. Methods This 6-month pilot study employed a pretest-posttest design to assess the impact of a tailored lifestyle intervention delivered by peer coaches on (a) caregiver and child weight impacted by changes in dietary intake, walking, and screen time; (b) changes in the home environment; and (c) caregiver engagement and satisfaction. The intervention was delivered via 3 core home visits every 4-6 weeks, with additional support via text. Results The majority of caregivers were female (95.2%) and Black (73.7%). Children had median age of 11.1 years and majority were female (57.6%), with a median BMI near the 99th percentile (Mdn 98.8, IQR 3.5) or 118.3% (IQR 35.8) of the 95th percentile for their sex and age. Participants expressed high satisfaction with the program (mean range 96.7-100.0% agreement on satisfaction items). From baseline to post, caregivers' BMI decreased by 1.8% (p = 0.016, r = 0.22), while children's BMI percentile z-score decreased significantly (p = 0.023, r = 0.18) and BMI percent of the 95th percentile remained constant (p = 0.05, r = 0.15). Caregivers and children decreased sugar-sweetened beverage intake (p = 0.026, r = 0.22; p = 0.006, r = 0.23, respectively), reduced presence of soda in the home (p = 0.002, g = 0.43), and decreased screen time (p = 0.046, g = 0.22). Other eating and walking behaviors remained stable for caregivers and child. Conclusion The Raising Well at Home pilot demonstrated that tailored lifestyle interventions, delivered by peer coaches in the home and via text, are feasible and can improve weight, eating, and environmental measures of caregivers and children with obesity. Future work should determine the effectiveness, sustainability, and scalability of this intervention in sites located across the country. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04224623). Registered 9 January 2020-retrospectively registered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debra Haire-Joshu
- Center for Obesity Prevention and Policy Research, the Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, One Brookings Drive, CB 1196, Saint Louis, MO 63130 USA.,Center for Diabetes Translation Research, the Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, One Brookings Drive, CB 1196, Saint Louis, MO 63130 USA
| | - Cindy Schwarz
- Center for Obesity Prevention and Policy Research, the Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, One Brookings Drive, CB 1196, Saint Louis, MO 63130 USA
| | - Rebekah Jacob
- Prevention Research Center in St. Louis, the Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, One Brookings Drive, CB 1196, Saint Louis, MO 63130 USA
| | - Pat Kristen
- Centene Center for Health Transformation, the Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, One Brookings Drive, CB 1196, Saint Louis, MO 63130 USA
| | - Shelly Johnston
- Center for Diabetes Translation Research, the Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, One Brookings Drive, CB 1196, Saint Louis, MO 63130 USA
| | - Karyn Quinn
- Centene Center for Health Transformation, the Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, One Brookings Drive, CB 1196, Saint Louis, MO 63130 USA
| | - Rachel Tabak
- Center for Diabetes Translation Research, the Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, One Brookings Drive, CB 1196, Saint Louis, MO 63130 USA.,Prevention Research Center in St. Louis, the Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, One Brookings Drive, CB 1196, Saint Louis, MO 63130 USA
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24
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Palazzo RP, Torres ILS, Grefenhagen ÁI, da Silva BB, de Meireles LCF, de Vargas KC, Alves Z, Pereira Silva LO, Siqueira IR. Early life exposure to hypercaloric diet impairs eating behavior during weaning: The role of BDNF signaling and astrocyte marks. Int J Dev Neurosci 2020; 80:667-678. [PMID: 32926590 DOI: 10.1002/jdn.10063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Literature shows that gestational and/or lactational exposure to hypercaloric diets induces long term effects on eating behavior and the involvement of neurochemical mechanisms. We hypothesized that the effects of hypercaloric diets in early development phases can precede an overweight or an obesity status. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the impact of gestational and lactational exposure to cafeteria diet on eating behavior and neurochemical parameters, BDNF signaling, epigenetic and astrocyte marks in the hippocampus and olfactory bulb during the weaning phase. Pregnant female rats were randomized between standard and cafeteria diet, the respective diet was maintained through the lactational period. The framework of feeding pattern, meal, and its microstructure, was observed in postnatal day 20. Exposure to cafeteria diet increased the number of meals, associated with a lower first inter-meal interval and higher consumption in both genders, without any changes in body weight. Diet exposure also reduced the number of grooming, a behavior typically found at the end of meals. Hypercaloric diet exposure reduced BDNF levels in the olfactory bulb and hippocampus from rats of both sexes and increased the content of the TrkB receptor in hippocampi. It was observed an increase in HDAC5 levels, an epigenetic mark. Still, early exposure to the hypercaloric diet reduced hippocampal GFAP and PPARγ levels, without any effect on NeuN content, indicating that alterations in astrocytes can precede those neuronal outcomes. Our results showed that changes in interrelated neurochemical signaling, BDNF, and astrocyte marks, induced by hypercaloric diet in early stages of development may be related to impairment in the temporal distribution of eating pattern and consequent amounts of consumed food during the weaning phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Passos Palazzo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Farmacologia e Terapêutica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Iraci L S Torres
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Farmacologia e Terapêutica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Fisiologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Unidade de Experimentação Animal e Grupo de Pesquisa e Pós-Graduação, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Ágnis Iohana Grefenhagen
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Bruno Batista da Silva
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | - Kethleen Costa de Vargas
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Zingara Alves
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Lenir Orlandi Pereira Silva
- Departamento de Ciências Morfológicas, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Ionara Rodrigues Siqueira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Farmacologia e Terapêutica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Fisiologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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25
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Suzuki S, Ukiya T, Shibata C, Kawauchi Y, Ishii H, Sugihara N. Relationship between Obesity and Oral Health Behavior in Primary and Junior High School Students: A Cross-sectional Study. THE BULLETIN OF TOKYO DENTAL COLLEGE 2020; 61:187-193. [PMID: 32814724 DOI: 10.2209/tdcpublication.2019-0047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
It has been reported that people who brush their teeth frequently might be more health-conscious and maintain healthier lifestyle habits. The relationship between obesity and oral health behavior in childhood is unknown, however. The aim of the present study was to fill this gap by investigating obesity and factors associated with oral health behavior in Japanese primary and junior high school students. A total of 475 primary school students (fifth-grade, age 10-11 years) and 408 junior high school students (first-grade, age 12-13 years) were included. All the participants underwent a regular health check-up and completed a self-reported questionnaire. The data thus obtained were subjected to multiple logistic regression analyses to identify the relationship between obesity and factors associated with oral health behavior. In primary school students, a dislike of physical activity was the only factor showing a significant association with obesity (p<0.05). In addition, however, tooth brushing <2 times per day and a lack of regular clinical dental care showed a significant association with obesity in junior high school students (p<0.05). The present results suggest a significant association between regular clinical dental care and tooth brushing and obesity in junior school students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seitaro Suzuki
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Tokyo Dental College
| | | | | | | | | | - Naoki Sugihara
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Tokyo Dental College
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26
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Smiley A, Ramos W, Elliott L, Wolter S. Comparing the Trail Users with Trail Non-Users on Physical Activity, Sleep, Mood and Well-Being Index. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17176225. [PMID: 32867170 PMCID: PMC7503490 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17176225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background: The current study sought to understand whether trail users reported better wellness and health status compared to the non-users, and to recognize the associated factors. Methods: Eight trails from different locations and settings within Indiana were selected to sample trail users for the study. Additionally, areas surrounding these eight trails were included in the study as sample locations for trail non-users. Trail users and non-users were intercepted and asked to participate in a survey including demographics, socioeconomic status, physical activity, mood, smoking, nutrition, and quality of sleep. Information was collected and compared between the trail users and the non-users. Association of self-rated health, age, sex, race, marital status, employment, income, education, smoking, nutrition, sleep, and mood with trail use was evaluated by multivariable linear regression model. Results: The final sample size included 1299 trail users and 228 non-users. Environmental factors (access to nature and scenery) were important incentives for 97% and 95% of trail users, respectively. Age, sex, mood, and sleep quality were significantly associated with using the trail. Mean (SD) self-rated wellness and health out of 10 was 7.6 (1.4) in trail users and 6.5 (1.9) in non-users (p < 0.0001). Importantly, trail users were significantly more physically active outside of the trail compared to the non-users (207 vs. 189 min/week respectively, p = 0.01) and had better sleep qualities and mood scores. Using the trails was significantly associated with higher self-rated wellness and health score. The longer the use of trails, the higher the self-rated wellness and health index (β = 0.016, p = 0.03). Conclusion: Compared to not using the trails, trail use was significantly associated with more physical activity, better sleep quality, and higher self-rated wellness and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbas Smiley
- Westchester Medical Center, New York Medical College, New York, NY 10595, USA;
| | - William Ramos
- Recreation Park, and Tourism Studies Department, Indiana University School of Public Health-Bloomington, Bloomington, IN 47404, USA;
| | - Layne Elliott
- Eppley Institute for Parks and Public Lands, Indiana University School of Public Health-Bloomington, Bloomington, IN 47404, USA;
| | - Stephen Wolter
- Eppley Institute for Parks and Public Lands, Indiana University School of Public Health-Bloomington, Bloomington, IN 47404, USA;
- Correspondence:
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27
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Hu S, Togo J, Wang L, Wu Y, Yang D, Xu Y, Li L, Li B, Li M, Li J, Wang G, Zhang X, Niu C, Mazidi M, Douglas A, Speakman JR. Effects of dietary macronutrients and body composition on glucose homeostasis in mice. Natl Sci Rev 2020; 8:nwaa177. [PMID: 34691555 PMCID: PMC8288336 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwaa177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
As a major health issue, obesity is linked with elevated risk of type 2 diabetes. However, whether disrupted glucose homeostasis is due to altered body composition alone, or whether dietary macronutrients play an additional role, independent of their impact on body composition, remains unclear. We investigated the associations between macronutrients, body composition, blood hormones and glucose homeostasis. We fed C57BL/6N mice 29 different diets with variable macronutrients for 12 weeks. After 10 weeks, intraperitoneal glucose tolerance tests were performed. Generalized linear models were generated to evaluate the impacts of macronutrients, body composition and blood hormones on glucose homeostasis. The area under the glucose curve (AUC) was strongly associated with body fat mass, but not dietary macronutrients. AUC was significantly associated with fasting insulin levels. Six genes from transcriptomic analysis of epididymal white adipose tissue and subcutaneous white adipose tissue were significantly associated with AUC. These genes may encode secreted proteins that play important previously unanticipated roles in glucose homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumei Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jacques Togo
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Lu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yingga Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Dengbao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yanchao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Li Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Baoguo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Min Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jianbo Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Dali, Dali 671000, China
| | - Guanlin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xueying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Chaoqun Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Mohsen Mazidi
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Alex Douglas
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, UK
| | - John R Speakman
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
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Lindsay KL, Entringer S, Buss C, Wadhwa PD. Intergenerational transmission of the effects of maternal exposure to childhood maltreatment on offspring obesity risk: A fetal programming perspective. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2020; 116:104659. [PMID: 32240906 PMCID: PMC7293953 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2020.104659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Childhood obesity constitutes a major global public health challenge. A substantial body of evidence suggests that conditions and states experienced by the embryo/fetus in utero can result in structural and functional changes in cells, tissues, organ systems and homeostatic set points related to obesity. Furthermore, growing evidence suggests that maternal conditions and states experienced prior to conception, such as stress, obesity and metabolic dysfunction, may spill over into pregnancy and influence those key aspects of gestational biology that program offspring obesity risk. In this narrative review, we advance a novel hypothesis and life-span framework to propose that maternal exposure to childhood maltreatment may constitute an important and as-yet-underappreciated risk factor implicated in developmental programming of offspring obesity risk via the long-term psychological, biological and behavioral sequelae of childhood maltreatment exposure. In this context, our framework considers the key role of maternal-placental-fetal endocrine, immune and metabolic pathways and also other processes including epigenetics, oocyte mitochondrial biology, and the maternal and infant microbiomes. Finally, our paper discusses future research directions required to elucidate the nature and mechanisms of the intergenerational transmission of the effects of maternal childhood maltreatment on offspring obesity risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen L Lindsay
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, California 92697, U.S.A,Departments of Development, Health and Disease Research Program, University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, California 92697, U.S.A
| | - Sonja Entringer
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, California 92697, U.S.A,Departments of Development, Health and Disease Research Program, University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, California 92697, U.S.A,Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Institute of Medical Psychology
| | - Claudia Buss
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, California 92697, U.S.A,Departments of Development, Health and Disease Research Program, University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, California 92697, U.S.A,Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Institute of Medical Psychology
| | - Pathik D Wadhwa
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, CA 92697, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, CA 92697, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, CA 92697, USA; Department of Epidemiology, University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, CA 92697, USA; UCI Development, Health and Disease Research Program, University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, CA 92697, USA.
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Kuriyan R, Naqvi S, Bhat KG, Ghosh S, Rao S, Preston T, Sachdev HS, Kurpad AV. The Thin But Fat Phenotype is Uncommon at Birth in Indian Babies. J Nutr 2020; 150:826-832. [PMID: 31858112 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxz305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Indian babies are hypothesized to be born thin but fat. This has not been confirmed with precise measurements at birth. If it is true, it could track into later life and confer risk of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs). OBJECTIVES Primarily, to accurately measure percentage of body fat (%BF) and body cell mass (BCM) in Indian babies with normal birth weight, compare them across different gestational ages and sex, and test the hypothesis of the thin but fat phenotype in Indian babies. Secondarily, to examine the relation between body weight and body fat in Indian babies. METHODS Term newborns (n = 156) weighing ≥2500 g, from middle socioeconomic status mothers were recruited in Bengaluru, India, and their anthropometry, %BF (air displacement plethysmography), and BCM (whole-body potassium counter) were measured. Maternal demography and anthropometry were recorded. The mean %BF and its dispersion were compared with earlier studies. The relation between newborn %BF and body weight was explored by regression analysis. RESULTS Mean birth weight was 3.0 ± 0.3 kg, with mean %BF 9.8 ± 3.5%, which was comparable to pooled estimates of %BF from published studies (9.8%; 95% CI: 9.7, 10.0; P > 0.05). Appropriate-for-gestational age (AGA) babies had higher %BF (1.8%) compared to small-for-gestational age (SGA) babies (P < 0.01). Mean %BCM of all babies at birth was 35.4 ± 10.5%; AGA babies had higher %BCM compared to SGA babies (7.0%, P < 0.05). Girls in comparison to boys had significantly higher %BF and lower %BCM. Body weight was positively associated with %BF. CONCLUSION Indian babies with normal birth weight did not demonstrate the thin but fat phenotype. Body weight and fat had positive correlation, such that SGA babies did not show a preservation of their %BF. These findings will have relevance in planning optimal interventions during early childhood to prevent NCDs risk in adult life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Kuriyan
- Division of Nutrition, St. John's Research Institute, Bengaluru, India
| | - Saba Naqvi
- Division of Nutrition, St. John's Research Institute, Bengaluru, India
| | - Kishor G Bhat
- Division of Nutrition, St. John's Research Institute, Bengaluru, India
| | - Santu Ghosh
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, St. John's Medical College, Bengaluru, India
| | - Suman Rao
- Department of Neonatology, St. John's Medical College Hospital, Bengaluru, India
| | - Thomas Preston
- Stable Isotope Biochemistry Laboratory, Scottish Universities Environmental Research Centre, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - Anura V Kurpad
- Department of Physiology, St. John's Medical College, Bengaluru, India
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Chen F, Zhou W, Yin H, Luo X, Chen W, Liu X, Wang X, Meng Y, Feng L, Qin Y, Zhang C, Yang F, Yong T, Wang X, Liu J, Du J, Liu W, Yang W, Shu K. Shading of the mother plant during seed development promotes subsequent seed germination in soybean. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:2072-2084. [PMID: 31925954 PMCID: PMC7242070 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The effect of shading during seed development on subsequent germination remains largely unknown. In this study, two soybean (Glycine max) seed production systems, monocropping (MC) and maize-soybean intercropping (IC), were employed to examine the effects of shading of the mother plant on subsequent seed germination. Compared to the MC soybean seeds, which received light, the developing IC seeds were exposed to shade resulting from the taller neighboring maize plants. The IC seeds germinated faster than the MC seeds, although there was no significant difference in the thickness of the seed coat. The concentration of soluble pro-anthocyanidin in the IC seed coat was significantly lower than that in the MC seed coat. Changes in the concentrations of several types of fatty acids in IC seeds were also observed, the nature of which were consistent with the effect on germination. The expression levels of genes involved in abscisic acid (ABA) biosynthesis were down-regulated in IC seeds, while the transcription levels of the genes related to gibberellin (GA) biosynthesis were up-regulated. This was consistently reflected in decreased ABA concentrations and increased active GA4 concentrations in IC seeds, resulting in an increased GA4/ABA ratio. Our results thus indicated that shading of the mother plant during seed development in soybean promoted subsequent germination by mediating the biosynthesis of pro-anthocyanidins, fatty acids, and phytohormones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Chen
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenguan Zhou
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Han Yin
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaofeng Luo
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Chen
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Xingcai Wang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yongjie Meng
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lingyang Feng
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuanyuan Qin
- Wuhan Metware Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Wuhan, China
| | | | - Feng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Taiwen Yong
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaochun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Junbo Du
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Weiguo Liu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenyu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Kai Shu
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, China
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Ribeiro C, Mendes V, Peleteiro B, Delgado I, Araújo J, Aggerbeck M, Annesi-Maesano I, Sarigiannis D, Ramos E. Association between the exposure to phthalates and adiposity: A meta-analysis in children and adults. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 179:108780. [PMID: 31610390 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.108780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to environmental chemicals has become one of the major concerns in the past decades. Phthalates are a family of synthetic organic chemicals used in the manufacture of plastics, solvents, and personal care products. These compounds are considered as endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs) since they may interfere with the endocrine system and disrupt its physiologic function. AIM The purpose of this work is to synthesize results from published literature on the association between the exposure to phthalates and adiposity in adults and children. METHODS We searched PubMed from inception up to 01 August 2019, to retrieve original papers reporting data on the association between EDCs and adiposity, using the following search expression: (("Endocrine disruptor" OR Endocrine disruptor[mh] OR phthalate) AND (Obesity OR Overweight OR BMI OR "Body fat" OR Adipose tissue[mh] OR Body size[mh] OR "body size" OR "body weight" OR Anthropometry OR "anthropometric measures")) AND (humans[mh]). The study variables and characteristics were collected during data extraction, namely the study design, sample, exposure, outcome, descriptive and association measures. Study quality was assessed using the STROBE template for observational studies. Although studies examined several adiposity measures, Body Mass Index (BMI) and Waist Circumference (WC) were the most commonly used, therefore, we used the beta coefficients regarding BMI and WC, and odds ratios when BMI outcome was categorical to perform the meta-analysis. Data from the studies were combined using fixed effects meta-analyses to compute summary regression coefficients or odds ratios and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Heterogeneity between studies was assessed by the I2 statistic. RESULTS In the systematic review we found 29 publications addressing the association between phthalate compounds and adiposity. The vast majority of the included studies reported associations that were not statistically significant. For most of the phthalate compounds there were few studies providing compatible measures and therefore it was not possible to combine the results in a meta-analysis. Both for BMI and WC, the meta-analysis for MiBP, MCPP and MbzP showed negative associations and null association for MBP in children, although none of them was significant. For MEP, positive but not significant associations were found both in children and adults. Conversely, for MEHP a negative association was found also in children and adults although it did not reach statistical significance. Only for MECPP a significant association was found for obesity in adults (OR = 1.67 (95% CI 1.30; 2.16). CONCLUSION In general, a positive association between phthalates and adiposity measures was found, especially in adults. However, most of the results did not reach statistical significance and the inconsistencies found between studies did not allow to reach a definitive conclusion. Additionally, we cannot exclude a possible effect of publication bias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cláudia Ribeiro
- EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade Do Porto, Rua das Taipas nº 135, 4050-600, Porto, Portugal; Departamento de Ciências da Saúde Pública e Forenses e Educação Médica, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Do Porto, Al. Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319, Porto, Portugal
| | - Vânia Mendes
- EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade Do Porto, Rua das Taipas nº 135, 4050-600, Porto, Portugal
| | - Bárbara Peleteiro
- EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade Do Porto, Rua das Taipas nº 135, 4050-600, Porto, Portugal; Departamento de Ciências da Saúde Pública e Forenses e Educação Médica, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Do Porto, Al. Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319, Porto, Portugal
| | - Inês Delgado
- EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade Do Porto, Rua das Taipas nº 135, 4050-600, Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana Araújo
- EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade Do Porto, Rua das Taipas nº 135, 4050-600, Porto, Portugal
| | - Martine Aggerbeck
- INSERM UMR-S 1124, Toxicologie Pharmacologie et Signalisation Cellulaire, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UFR des Sciences Fondamentales et Biomédicales, 45 Rue des Saints Pères, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Isabella Annesi-Maesano
- Sorbonne Université and INSERM, Epidemiology of Allergic and Respiratory Diseases Dept (EPAR), Pierre Louis Institute of Epidemiology and Public Health (IPLESP UMRS 1136), Saint-Antoine Medical School, Paris, France
| | - Denis Sarigiannis
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Elisabete Ramos
- EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade Do Porto, Rua das Taipas nº 135, 4050-600, Porto, Portugal; Departamento de Ciências da Saúde Pública e Forenses e Educação Médica, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Do Porto, Al. Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319, Porto, Portugal.
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Jang M, Owen B, Lauver DR. Different types of parental stress and childhood obesity: A systematic review of observational studies. Obes Rev 2019; 20:1740-1758. [PMID: 31475448 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 06/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Different types of parental stress may influence children's health behaviors and weight. The aim of this review was to systematically examine the relationships between parental stress and child obesity. We reviewed 27 studies published through December 2018 and classified parental stress as parents' general stress, parenting role stress, and life event stress. There were positive relationships of parents' general stress and parenting role stress with child obesity among families with younger children and in longitudinal studies. The relationship between life event stress and child obesity differed by measures. We found that parenting role stress may be associated with unhealthy parenting practices. Contextual factors such as children's and parents' sex, race or ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and family structure appeared to play a moderating role in the relationship between parents' stress and child obesity, which warrant cautious interpretation. Our recommendations for future research include clarifying further the types of parental stress that influence child obesity, evaluating long-term relationship between parental stress and child obesity, and identifying possible mediating factors to support the relationship between parents' stress and child obesity. Researchers may also consider developing stress management programs for parents to address child obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myoungock Jang
- University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Nursing, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Brenda Owen
- University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Nursing, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Diane R Lauver
- University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Nursing, Madison, Wisconsin
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Tabak RG, Morshed AB, Schwarz CD, Haire‐Joshu D. Weight gain prevention content delivered to mothers: Lessons from an intervention embedded in a community organization. Obes Sci Pract 2019; 5:540-547. [PMID: 31890244 PMCID: PMC6934432 DOI: 10.1002/osp4.369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transparent reporting of the intervention content study participants receive is particularly important for dissemination and implementation of evidence-based interventions to address obesity. This study explores intervention delivery and perceptions of content when an intervention is embedded within an organization's usual practice and associations with weight outcomes. METHODS This is a secondary analysis from the Healthy Eating and Active Living Taught at Home (HEALTH) randomized trial. HEALTH is a weight gain prevention intervention embedded within a national home visiting programme (Parents as Teachers, PAT). To be consistent with PAT practice, HEALTH has a suggested but also flexible home visit structure. Therefore, the number and frequency of home visits are determined by the family's needs and preferences based on the parent educator's professional judgement. The proportion of participants who received each curriculum core lesson was explored among the 105 families randomized to the HEALTH intervention group, as were mean parent educator perception ratings of the visits (5-point Likert-type scale). A chi-square test was used to examine the association between utilization (ie, low: 1-6, middle: 7-12, or high: 13-18 visits) category and weight maintenance. RESULTS Mothers received on average 13.3 (standard deviation 6.2) core visits. Mean parent educator perception of the mothers' response (out of 5) ranged from 3.99 to 4.27; educators' perception of their own experience with the lesson ranged from 4.13 to 4.34. Among mothers who maintained their weight, 13% were low, 22% were middle, and 65% were high utilizers, while among mothers who gained weight, 3%, 31%, and 67% were low, middle, and high utilizers, respectively; this difference was not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS This study identified wide variation in the visits families received from the curriculum but minimal variation in visit perceptions. Future studies could explore whether there are optimal patterns for visit content, associated with successful outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel G. Tabak
- The Brown SchoolWashington University in St. LouisSt. LouisMissouri
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Maternal body dissatisfaction in pregnancy, postpartum and early parenting: An overlooked factor implicated in maternal and childhood obesity risk. Appetite 2019; 147:104525. [PMID: 31756411 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2019.104525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current evidence indicates that to prevent the intergenerational transfer of overweight and obesity from parent to child, interventions are needed across the early life stages, from preconception to early childhood. Maternal body image is an important but often overlooked factor that is potentially implicated in both short- and long-term maternal and child health outcomes, including maternal gestational weight gain, postpartum weight retention, obesity, child feeding practices and early parenting. AIM The aim of this paper is to propose a conceptual model of the relationship between maternal body image (with a specific focus on body dissatisfaction) and maternal and child excess body weight risk across the pregnancy, postpartum and early childhood periods, as well as to highlight opportunities for intervention. CONCLUSION Our conceptual model proposes factors that mediate the associations between antenatal and postpartum maternal body dissatisfaction and maternal and childhood obesity risk. Pregnancy and postpartum present key risk periods for excess weight gain/retention and body dissatisfaction. Psychosocial factors associated with maternal body dissatisfaction, including psychopathology and disordered eating behaviours, may increase maternal and child obesity risk as well as compromise the quality of mother-child interactions underpinning child development outcomes, including physical weight gain. Our conceptual model may be useful for understanding modifiable psychosocial factors for preventing the intergenerational transfer of obesity risk from mothers to their children, from as early as pregnancy, and highlights next steps for multidisciplinary research focused on combatting maternal and child obesity during critical risk periods.
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Wu NN, Tian H, Chen P, Wang D, Ren J, Zhang Y. Physical Exercise and Selective Autophagy: Benefit and Risk on Cardiovascular Health. Cells 2019; 8:cells8111436. [PMID: 31739509 PMCID: PMC6912418 DOI: 10.3390/cells8111436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical exercise promotes cardiorespiratory fitness, and is considered the mainstream of non-pharmacological therapies along with lifestyle modification for various chronic diseases, in particular cardiovascular diseases. Physical exercise may positively affect various cardiovascular risk factors including body weight, blood pressure, insulin sensitivity, lipid and glucose metabolism, heart function, endothelial function, and body fat composition. With the ever-rising prevalence of obesity and other types of metabolic diseases, as well as sedentary lifestyle, regular exercise of moderate intensity has been indicated to benefit cardiovascular health and reduce overall disease mortality. Exercise offers a wide cadre of favorable responses in the cardiovascular system such as improved dynamics of the cardiovascular system, reduced prevalence of coronary heart diseases and cardiomyopathies, enhanced cardiac reserve capacity, and autonomic regulation. Ample clinical and experimental evidence has indicated an emerging role for autophagy, a conservative catabolism process to degrade and recycle cellular organelles and nutrients, in exercise training-offered cardiovascular benefits. Regular physical exercise as a unique form of physiological stress is capable of triggering adaptation while autophagy in particular selective autophagy seems to be permissive to such cardiovascular adaptation. Here in this mini-review, we will summarize the role for autophagy in particular mitochondrial selective autophagy namely mitophagy in the benefit versus risk of physical exercise on cardiovascular function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ne N. Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China;
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Haili Tian
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China; (H.T.); (P.C.)
| | - Peijie Chen
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China; (H.T.); (P.C.)
| | - Dan Wang
- School of Physical Education and Sport Training, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China;
| | - Jun Ren
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China;
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Correspondence: (J.R.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yingmei Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China;
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Correspondence: (J.R.); (Y.Z.)
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Silva LBAR, Pinheiro-Castro N, Novaes GM, Pascoal GDFL, Ong TP. Bioactive food compounds, epigenetics and chronic disease prevention: Focus on early-life interventions with polyphenols. Food Res Int 2019; 125:108646. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2019.108646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Tran BX, Nghiem S, Afoakwah C, Latkin CA, Ha GH, Nguyen TP, Doan LP, Pham HQ, Ho CSH, Ho RCM. Characterizing Obesity Interventions and Treatment for Children and Youths During 1991-2018. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16214227. [PMID: 31683561 PMCID: PMC6863014 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16214227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Overweight and obesity have become a serious health problem globally due to its significant role in increased morbidity and mortality. The treatments for this health issue are various such as lifestyle modifications, pharmacological therapies, and surgery. However, little is known about the productivity, workflow, topics, and landscape research of all the papers mentioning the intervention and treatment for children with obesity. A total of 20,925 publications from the Web of Science database mentioning interventions and treatment in reducing the burden of childhood overweight and obesity on physical health, mental health, and society published in the period from 1991 to 2018 were in the analysis. We used Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) for identifying the topics and a dendrogram for research disciplines. We found that the number of papers related to multilevel interventions such as family-based, school-based, and community-based is increasing. The number of papers mentioning interventions aimed at children and adolescents with overweight or obesity is not high in poor-resource settings or countries compared to the growth in the prevalence of overweight and obesity among youth due to cultural concepts or nutrition transition. Therefore, there is a need for support from developed countries to control the rising rates of overweight and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bach Xuan Tran
- Institute for Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam.
- Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
| | - Son Nghiem
- Centre for Applied Health Economics (CAHE), Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4222, Australia.
| | - Clifford Afoakwah
- Centre for Applied Health Economics (CAHE), Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4222, Australia.
| | - Carl A Latkin
- Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
| | - Giang Hai Ha
- Institute for Global Health Innovations, Duy Tan University, Da Nang 550000, Vietnam.
| | - Thao Phuong Nguyen
- Center of Excellence in Evidence-based Medicine, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam.
| | - Linh Phuong Doan
- Center of Excellence in Pharmacoeconomics and Management, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam.
| | - Hai Quang Pham
- Institute for Global Health Innovations, Duy Tan University, Da Nang 550000, Vietnam.
| | - Cyrus S H Ho
- Department of Psychological Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore 119074, Singapore.
| | - Roger C M Ho
- Center of Excellence in Behavioral Medicine, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam.
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore.
- Institute for Health Innovation and Technology (iHealthtech), National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore.
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Bergmeier H, Paxton SJ, Milgrom J, Anderson SE, Baur L, Hill B, Lim S, Green R, Skouteris H. Early mother-child dyadic pathways to childhood obesity risk: A conceptual model. Appetite 2019; 144:104459. [PMID: 31533059 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2019.104459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the emotional quality of the mother-child dyadic relationship and parent-child feeding interactions may further clarify early developmental pathways to eating behaviours and obesity risk. The quality of parent-child relationships fosters all aspects of child development but has not yet been extensively examined in relation to childhood weight gain. The aim of this paper is to propose a conceptual model, which outlines early mother-child dyadic pathways linking parent-child feeding interactions to child body mass index, where parent-child relationships have a central role. It maps out individual and dyadic mother-child factors (i.e., attachment, child temperament and maternal mental health) that influence the nature and quality of parent-child feeding interactions from infancy to toddlerhood. Our model bridges the gap between research fields by bringing together key maternal and child factors implicated in child development. Understanding early parent-child feeding interactional patterns and their influence on child self-regulation and eating behaviours may be relevant to multidisciplinary approaches toward preventing childhood obesity. High quality quantitative and observational data capturing meaningful parent, child and dyadic level interactions around food contexts, attachment security, maternal mental health, child temperament and self-regulation will help to inform new, aetiologically important, targets for preventative intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi Bergmeier
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Susan J Paxton
- School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jeannette Milgrom
- School of Psychological Sciences, Melbourne University, Melbourne, Australia; Parent-Infant Research Institute, Department of Clinical and Health, Psychology, Heidelberg Repatriation Hospital, Heidelberg West, Australia
| | - Sarah E Anderson
- Division of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Louise Baur
- Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health and Sydney School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Briony Hill
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Siew Lim
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rachael Green
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Helen Skouteris
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
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Kakkad A, Chandler C, Coel M, Spann A, Struhar S, Wilkinson S, Crocker T. Partnering with Panama: Exploring Anthropometrics, Dietary Patterns, and the Built Food Environment of School-aged Children. Ecol Food Nutr 2019; 59:21-34. [PMID: 31430200 DOI: 10.1080/03670244.2019.1652821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Childhood obesity is a global public health concern in developed and developing countries. Approximately 3 in 10 Panamanian children suffer from obesity, and overweight/obesity is responsible for the highest number of premature or avoidable deaths in this country. A formative community assessment and exploration of the built food environment was conducted. Analysis suggests that almost one-third of the children measured were overweight or obese, and the availability of foods recommended for optimal health is limited in this community. Actionable recommendations for intervention and future collaboration were provided, and stakeholders from all groups will continue to explore opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astha Kakkad
- College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Chelsea Chandler
- College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Mikaela Coel
- College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Adeeba Spann
- College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Stacey Struhar
- College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Shannon Wilkinson
- College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Theresa Crocker
- College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
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Tahir MJ, Haapala JL, Foster LP, Duncan KM, Teague AM, Kharbanda EO, McGovern PM, Whitaker KM, Rasmussen KM, Fields DA, Jacobs DR, Harnack LJ, Demerath EW. Higher Maternal Diet Quality during Pregnancy and Lactation Is Associated with Lower Infant Weight-For-Length, Body Fat Percent, and Fat Mass in Early Postnatal Life. Nutrients 2019; 11:E632. [PMID: 30875943 PMCID: PMC6471184 DOI: 10.3390/nu11030632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Maternal pregnancy nutrition influences fetal growth. Evidence is limited, however, on the relationship of maternal diet during pregnancy and lactation on infant postnatal growth and adiposity. Our purpose was to examine associations between maternal diet quality during pregnancy and lactation with offspring growth and body composition from birth to six months. Maternal diet quality was serially assessed in pregnancy and at one and three months postpartum, using the Healthy Eating Index⁻2015 in a cohort of 354 fully breastfeeding mother⁻infant dyads. Infant length-for-age (LAZ), weight-for-age (WAZ), and weight-for-length (WLZ) Z-scores were assessed at birth, one, three, and six months. Infant body fat percent (BF%), fat mass (FM), and fat-free mass (FFM) were measured at six months using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Higher maternal diet quality from pregnancy through three months postpartum was associated with lower infant WLZ from birth to six months (p = 0.02) and BF% at six months (p ≤ 0.05). Higher maternal diet quality at one and three months postpartum was also associated with lower infant FM at six months (p < 0.01). In summary, maternal diet quality during pregnancy and lactation was inversely associated with infant relative weight and adiposity in early postnatal life. Additional research is needed to explore whether associations persist across the life course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muna J Tahir
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55454, USA.
| | - Jacob L Haapala
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55454, USA.
| | - Laurie P Foster
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55454, USA.
| | - Katy M Duncan
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.
| | - April M Teague
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.
| | | | - Patricia M McGovern
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| | - Kara M Whitaker
- Department of Health and Human Physiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52246, USA.
| | | | - David A Fields
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.
| | - David R Jacobs
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55454, USA.
| | - Lisa J Harnack
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55454, USA.
| | - Ellen W Demerath
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55454, USA.
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Morshed AB, Tabak RG, Schwarz CD, Haire-Joshu D. The Impact of a Healthy Weight Intervention Embedded in a Home-Visiting Program on Children's Weight and Mothers' Feeding Practices. JOURNAL OF NUTRITION EDUCATION AND BEHAVIOR 2019; 51:237-244. [PMID: 30385250 PMCID: PMC6392451 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneb.2018.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine whether a healthy weight intervention embedded in the Parents as Teachers (PAT) home visiting program, which was previously found to improve mothers' body mass index (BMI) and obesity-related behaviors, changed the BMI of preschool children or maternal feeding practices. METHODS This stratified randomized trial included preschool-aged children at risk for overweight whose mothers were overweight or had obesity (n = 179). The Healthy Eating and Active Living Taught at Home (HEALTH) intervention was based on the Diabetes Prevention Program. Differences were examined using repeated-measures mixed-ANOVA models. RESULTS Compared with PAT usual care, the HEALTH intervention had no effect on children's BMI or maternal feeding practices. However, combined analyses showed that children's BMI percentile decreased (P = .007), BMI z-scores were maintained (P = .19), and 3 of 8 feeding practices improved over time (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Additional research is needed to assess the effectiveness of PAT to prevent preschool-age obesity using rigorous designs (eg, group-randomized trials) and to identify its active components. HEALTH is ready to be scaled up to prevent maternal weight gain through embedding within the national PAT program.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rachel G Tabak
- Brown School, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO
| | | | - Debra Haire-Joshu
- Brown School, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO; Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO
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Haire-Joshu D, Hill-Briggs F. The Next Generation of Diabetes Translation: A Path to Health Equity. Annu Rev Public Health 2019; 40:391-410. [PMID: 30601723 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-publhealth-040218-044158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Disparities in diabetes burden exist in large part because of the social determinants of health (SDOH). Translation research and practice addressing health equity in diabetes have generally focused on changing individual behavior or providing supportive approaches to compensate for, rather than directly target, SDOH. The purpose of this article is to propose a pathway for addressing SDOH as root causes of diabetes disparities and as an essential target for the next generation of interventions needed to achieve health equity in diabetes prevention and treatment. This review describes ( a) the current burden of diabetes disparities, ( b) the influence of SDOH on diabetes disparities, ( c) gaps in and implications of current translation research, and ( d) approaches to achieving health equity in the next generation of diabetes translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debra Haire-Joshu
- Public Health and Medicine, Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA;
| | - Felicia Hill-Briggs
- Departments of Medicine; Health, Behavior and Society; and Acute and Chronic Care; and Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, USA;
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Inconsistent Weight Communication Among Prenatal Healthcare Providers and Patients: A Narrative Review. Obstet Gynecol Surv 2018; 73:423-432. [PMID: 30169887 DOI: 10.1097/ogx.0000000000000588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Importance Gestational weight gain (GWG) is an independent and modifiable factor for a healthy pregnancy. Gestational weight gain above or below the Institute of Medicine Guidelines has been shown to impact both maternal and fetal health (eg, gestational diabetes, hypertension, downstream obesity). Healthcare providers (HCPs) have the potential to be reliable sources of evidence-based weight information and advice during pregnancy. Objective The aim of this study was to summarize the literature assessing GWG discussions between patients and their HCPs in a clinical setting to better understand the knowledge that is currently being exchanged. Evidence Acquisition A literature review was conducted by searching Ovid Medline, CINAHL, and Embase databases. All relevant primary research articles in English that assessed GWG discussions were included, whereas intervention studies were excluded. Results A total of 54 articles were included in this review. Although the overall prevalence and content of GWG counseling varied between studies, counseling was often infrequent and inaccurate. Healthcare providers tended to focus more on women experiencing obesity and excessive GWG, as opposed to the other body mass index categories or inadequate GWG. Women of higher socioeconomic status, older age, nulliparous, history of dieting, low physical activity, and those categorized as overweight/obese were more likely to receive GWG advice. Patients also reported receiving conflicting facts between different HCP disciplines. Conclusions The evidence regarding GWG counseling in prenatal care remains variable, with discrepancies between geographic regions, patient populations, and HCP disciplines. Relevance Healthcare providers should counsel their pregnant patients on GWG with advice that is concordant with the Institute of Medicine Guidelines.
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Cureau FV, Sparrenberger K, Bloch KV, Ekelund U, Schaan BD. Associations of multiple unhealthy lifestyle behaviors with overweight/obesity and abdominal obesity among Brazilian adolescents: A country-wide survey. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2018; 28:765-774. [PMID: 29843935 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2018.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2017] [Revised: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Physical inactivity, unhealthy diet, smoking and heavy drinking are four key unhealthy lifestyle behaviors (ULB) that may influence body weight and obesity development. More recently, sedentary time has been recognized as another potentially emerging ULB related to obesity. We therefore investigated the association of multiple ULB with overweight/obesity and abdominal obesity among Brazilian adolescents. METHODS AND RESULTS This cross-sectional study involved 62,063 students (12-17 years). Physical inactivity, high screen time, low fiber intake, binge drinking and smoking were self-reported and combined to a ULB risk score, ranging from zero to five. Participants were classified as overweight/obese or with abdominal obesity using sex and age-specific cut-off points for BMI and waist circumference, respectively. Poisson regression models were used to examine the associations between ULB with overweight/obesity and abdominal obesity, adjusted for socio-demographic variables. Overall, 2.3%, 18.9%, 43.9%, 32.3% and 2.6% of participants reported zero, one, two, three and four/five ULB, respectively. Higher ULB risk score was associated with overweight/obesity and abdominal obesity in a dose-response gradient. Among 32 possible combinations of ULB, the three most prevalent combinations (physical inactivity + low fiber intake; high screen time + low fiber intake; physical inactivity + high screen time + low fiber intake) were positively associated with general and abdominal obesity. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest a synergistic relationship between ULB and general and abdominal obesity. Preventive efforts targeting combined ULB should be sought to reduce the prevalence of general and abdominal obesity in Brazilian youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- F V Cureau
- Postgraduate Program in Endocrinology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; National Institute of Science and Technology for Health Technology Assessment, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
| | - K Sparrenberger
- Postgraduate Program in Endocrinology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - K V Bloch
- Instituto de Estudos em Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - U Ekelund
- Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sports Science, Oslo, Norway
| | - B D Schaan
- Postgraduate Program in Endocrinology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Endocrine Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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45
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Porter L, Bailey-Jones C, Priudokaite G, Allen S, Wood K, Stiles K, Parvin O, Javaid M, Verbruggen F, Lawrence N. From cookies to carrots; the effect of inhibitory control training on children's snack selections. Appetite 2018; 124:111-123. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2017.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2017] [Revised: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Association between Sleep Duration and Overweight/Obesity at Age 7⁻18 in Shenyang, China in 2010 and 2014. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15050854. [PMID: 29693616 PMCID: PMC5981893 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15050854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study was designed to examine the association between sleep duration and being overweight/obese in primary, middle, and high school students. This was a multiple cross-sectional study using data from the 2010 and 2014 National Survey on Students’ Constitution and Health (CNSSCH). A total of 23,602 students aged 7–18 years were enrolled in this study. The prevalence of being overweight and obese—stratified by age, gender, and sleep duration—in 2010 and 2014 were compared. Sleep duration was categorized as <7 h, ≥7 to 8 h, ≥8 to 9 h, and ≥9 h. Overweight and obesity were defined according to the cut-point criteria in China. Multivariable logistic regression results in 2010 and 2014 revealed that students sleeping <7 h and aged 7–12 years had an increased risk of becoming overweight/obese. In 2010, the adjusted prevalence ratios of overweight for 7–12-year-old students sleeping <9 h was 1.196 (95%CI: 1.004–1.424) and 13–15-year-old students sleeping <8 h was 1.265 (95%CI: 1.023–1.565). In 2014, the adjusted prevalence ratios of overweight and obesity for 7–12-year-old students sleeping <9 h were 1.295 (95%CI: 1.091–1.537) and 1.231 (95%CI: 1.045–1.449); 16–18-year-old students sleeping <7 h were 1.530 (95%CI: 1.239–1.888) and 1.585 (95%CI: 1.270–2.081). Our study revealed that different levels of sleep curtailment increased the risk of becoming overweight/obesity in different age groups of students.
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Gallagher D, Rosenn B, Toro-Ramos T, Paley C, Gidwani S, Horowitz M, Crane J, Lin S, Thornton J, Pi-Sunyer X. Greater Neonatal Fat-Free Mass and Similar Fat Mass Following a Randomized Trial to Control Excess Gestational Weight Gain. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2018; 26:578-587. [PMID: 29464905 PMCID: PMC5824435 DOI: 10.1002/oby.22079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Revised: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to determine the effectiveness of controlling maternal gestational weight gain (GWG) in the second and third trimesters on neonate body composition. METHODS Two hundred ten healthy women with overweight (25 > BMI < 30) or obesity (BMI ≥ 30) were randomly assigned to a lifestyle intervention (LI) program focused on controlling GWG through nutrition and activity behaviors or to usual obstetrical care (UC). Infant fat and fat-free mass (FFM) at birth were measured by using air displacement plethysmography (PEA POD) and by using quantitative magnetic resonance (QMR). RESULTS At baseline, there were no between-group differences in maternal characteristics (mean [SD]): age: 33.8 (4.3) years, weight: 81.9 (13.7) kg, BMI: 30.4 (4.5), and gestational age at randomization: 14.9 (0.8) weeks. GWG was less in the LI group by 1.79 kg (P = 0.003) or 0.0501 kg/wk (P = 0.002). Compared with UC infants, LI infants had greater weight (131 ± 59 g P = 0.03), FFM (98 ± 45 g; P = 0.03) measured by PEA POD, and lean mass (105 ± 38 g; P = 0.006) measured by QMR. Fat mass and percent fat were not significantly different. CONCLUSIONS Intervening in women with overweight and obesity through behaviors promoting healthy diet and physical activity to control GWG resulted in neonates with similar fat and greater FFM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dympna Gallagher
- New York Obesity Research Center, Dept. of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University
- Institute of Human Nutrition, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University
| | - Barak Rosenn
- Department Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mount Sinai West Hospital, Mount Sinai Health System, Icahn School of Medicine
| | - Tatiana Toro-Ramos
- New York Obesity Research Center, Dept. of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University
| | - Charles Paley
- Department of Pediatrics, Mount Sinai West Hospital, Mount Sinai Health System, Icahn School of Medicine
| | - Sonia Gidwani
- Department of Pediatrics, Mount Sinai West Hospital, Mount Sinai Health System, Icahn School of Medicine
| | - Michelle Horowitz
- New York Obesity Research Center, Dept. of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University
| | - Janet Crane
- New York Obesity Research Center, Dept. of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University
| | - Susan Lin
- Center for Family and Community Medicine, Columbia University
| | | | - Xavier Pi-Sunyer
- New York Obesity Research Center, Dept. of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University
- Institute of Human Nutrition, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University
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Bailey-Davis L, Kling SMR, Cochran WJ, Hassink S, Hess L, Franceschelli Hosterman J, Lutcher S, Marini M, Mowery J, Paul IM, Savage JS. Integrating and coordinating care between the Women, Infants, and Children Program and pediatricians to improve patient-centered preventive care for healthy growth. Transl Behav Med 2018; 8:944-952. [DOI: 10.1093/tbm/ibx046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Bailey-Davis
- Geisinger Obesity Institute, Geisinger Health System, Danville, PA, USA
- Nutritional Sciences, Center for Childhood Obesity Research, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
- Epidemiology and Health Services Research, Geisinger Health System, Danville, PA, USA
| | | | - William J Cochran
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Geisinger Medical Center, Danville, PA, USA
| | - Sandra Hassink
- Institute for Healthy Childhood Weight, American Academy of Pediatrics, Wilmington, DE, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Nemours/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, , Wilmington, DE, USA
| | - Lindsey Hess
- Nutritional Sciences, Center for Childhood Obesity Research, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Jennifer Franceschelli Hosterman
- Geisinger Obesity Institute, Geisinger Health System, Danville, PA, USA
- Nutrition and Weight Management, Geisinger Medical Center, Danville, PA, USA
| | - Shawnee Lutcher
- Geisinger Obesity Institute, Geisinger Health System, Danville, PA, USA
| | - Michele Marini
- Nutritional Sciences, Center for Childhood Obesity Research, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Jacob Mowery
- Geisinger Obesity Institute, Geisinger Health System, Danville, PA, USA
| | - Ian M Paul
- Pediatrics, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
- Public Health Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Jennifer S Savage
- Nutritional Sciences, Center for Childhood Obesity Research, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
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Sarkar M, Baffy G. Perinatal programming of adolescent nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: A case for gender inequality? Hepatology 2018; 67:7-9. [PMID: 28771759 PMCID: PMC5935792 DOI: 10.1002/hep.29416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Monika Sarkar
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology/Hepatology, University of California, San Francisco, School of Medicine San Francisco, CA
| | - Gyorgy Baffy
- Department of Medicine, VA Boston Healthcare System and Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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50
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Rhodes-Bratton B, Rundle A, Lovasi GS, Herbstman J. The relationship between childhood obesity and neighborhood food ecology explored through the context of gentrification in New York City. INTERNATIONAL PUBLIC HEALTH JOURNAL 2018; 10:481-496. [PMID: 32704343 PMCID: PMC7377337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Inequity and health disparities can be exacerbated as a result of gentrification when long-term residents are displaced, or remain but are not able to take advantage of new opportunities. The disappearance of old and emergence of new food establishments may increase the proximity to and density of healthy food options, however, affordability and consumption of healthy food, nor a decrease in risk of adverse health outcomes are not guaranteed. Our study aims to understand the relationship between gentrification, neighborhood food environment, and childhood obesity. We describe food opportunities changes in New York City using National Establishments Time Series Database stratified by gentrification status. Using data from the Columbia Center for Children's Environmental Health birth cohort study, we evaluate the impact of the area-level changing food chances on the body mass index z-scores of children at age five. Overall, gentrifying neighborhoods have the highest number of food chances and experience the most substantial increase in both healthy (p < 0.001) and unhealthy (p < 0.001) food chances between 1990-2010. After adjusting for covariates, higher access to healthy food chances was associated with both lower BMI z-score (p < 0.01) and less likelihood of being overweight or obese (p < 0.001) for five-year-old children. Our results suggest gentrification was associated with contemporaneous changes in the neighborhood food chances in NYC and children exposed to greater healthy foods experienced a lower probability of excess body weight by five years old. Further research is needed to understand other potential pathways connecting gentrification to childhood BMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brennan Rhodes-Bratton
- Department of Sociomedical Sciences, Columbia University, Mailman School of Public Health, New York City, New York
| | - Andrew Rundle
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University, Mailman School of Public Health, New York City, New York
| | - Gina S Lovasi
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Drexel University, Dornsife School of Public Health, Urban Health Collaborative, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, New York City, New York, United States of America
| | - Julie Herbstman
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University, Mailman School of Public Health, New York City, New York, United States of America
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