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Tsitsou-Kampeli A, Suzzi S, Schwartz M. The immune and metabolic milieu of the choroid plexus as a potential target in brain protection. Trends Neurosci 2024:S0166-2236(24)00090-0. [PMID: 38945740 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2024.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
The brain's choroid plexus (CP), which operates as an anatomical and functional 'checkpoint', regulates the communication between brain and periphery and contributes to the maintenance of healthy brain homeostasis throughout life. Evidence from mouse models and humans reveals a link between loss of CP checkpoint properties and dysregulation of the CP immune milieu as a conserved feature across diverse neurological conditions. In particular, we suggest that an imbalance between different immune signals at the CP, including CD4+ T cell-derived cytokines, type-I interferon, and complement components, can perpetuate brain inflammation and cognitive deterioration in aging and neurodegeneration. Furthermore, we highlight the role of CP metabolism in controlling CP inflammation, and propose that targeting molecules that regulate CP metabolism could be effective in safeguarding brain function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stefano Suzzi
- Weizmann Institute of Science, Department of Brain Sciences, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Michal Schwartz
- Weizmann Institute of Science, Department of Brain Sciences, Rehovot, Israel.
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Valletta M, Vetrano DL, Rizzuto D, Winblad B, Canevelli M, Andersson S, Dale M, Fredolini C, Fratiglioni L, Grande G. Blood biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease in the community: Variation by chronic diseases and inflammatory status. Alzheimers Dement 2024; 20:4115-4125. [PMID: 38717935 PMCID: PMC11180869 DOI: 10.1002/alz.13860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We explored the variations of blood biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease (AD) by chronic diseases and systemic inflammation. METHODS We explored the association of AD blood biomarkers with chronic diseases and systemic inflammation (interleukin-6 [IL-6]), in 2366 dementia-free participants of the Swedish National Study on Aging and Care-in Kungsholmen, using quantile regression models. RESULTS A greater number of co-occurring chronic diseases was associated with higher concentrations of phosphorylated-tau 181 (p-tau181), total-tau (t-tau), neurofilament light chain (NfL), and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) (p < 0.01). Anemia, kidney, cerebrovascular, and heart diseases were associated with variations in the levels of AD blood biomarkers. Participants in the highest (vs. lowest) interleukin-6 (IL-6) tertile had higher NfL concentration. Systemic inflammation amplified the associations between several chronic diseases and p-tau181, t-tau, NfL, and GFAP. DISCUSSION In the community, the concentration of AD blood biomarkers varies in relation to medical conditions and systemic inflammation. Recognizing these influences is crucial for the accurate interpretation and clinical implementation of blood biomarkers. HIGHLIGHTS Participants with a complex clinical profile (i.e., multiple co-occurring diseases or specific disease combinations) display elevated levels of AD blood-biomarkers. Anemia, heart, cerebrovascular, and kidney diseases are associated with variations is the levels of AD blood biomarkers in cognitively intact older adults. Systemic inflammation amplifies the association between several chronic diseases and AD blood biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Valletta
- Aging Research CenterDepartment of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and SocietyKarolinska Institutet and Stockholm UniversityStockholmSweden
| | - Davide Liborio Vetrano
- Aging Research CenterDepartment of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and SocietyKarolinska Institutet and Stockholm UniversityStockholmSweden
- Stockholm Gerontology Research CenterStockholmSweden
| | - Debora Rizzuto
- Aging Research CenterDepartment of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and SocietyKarolinska Institutet and Stockholm UniversityStockholmSweden
- Stockholm Gerontology Research CenterStockholmSweden
| | - Bengt Winblad
- Division of Neurogeriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and SocietyKarolinska InstitutetSolnaSweden
- Theme Inflammation and Aging, Karolinska University HospitalHuddingeSweden
| | - Marco Canevelli
- Aging Research CenterDepartment of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and SocietyKarolinska Institutet and Stockholm UniversityStockholmSweden
- Department of Human NeuroscienceSapienza UniversityRomeItaly
- National Centre for Disease Prevention and Health PromotionItalian National Institute of HealthRomeItaly
| | - Sarah Andersson
- Affinity Proteomics Stockholm, Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Protein Science, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH)Royal Institute of Technology (KTH)SolnaSweden
| | - Matilda Dale
- Affinity Proteomics Stockholm, Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Protein Science, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH)Royal Institute of Technology (KTH)SolnaSweden
| | - Claudia Fredolini
- Affinity Proteomics Stockholm, Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Protein Science, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH)Royal Institute of Technology (KTH)SolnaSweden
| | - Laura Fratiglioni
- Aging Research CenterDepartment of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and SocietyKarolinska Institutet and Stockholm UniversityStockholmSweden
- Stockholm Gerontology Research CenterStockholmSweden
| | - Giulia Grande
- Aging Research CenterDepartment of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and SocietyKarolinska Institutet and Stockholm UniversityStockholmSweden
- Stockholm Gerontology Research CenterStockholmSweden
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Valdez-Gaxiola CA, Rosales-Leycegui F, Gaxiola-Rubio A, Moreno-Ortiz JM, Figuera LE. Early- and Late-Onset Alzheimer's Disease: Two Sides of the Same Coin? Diseases 2024; 12:110. [PMID: 38920542 PMCID: PMC11202866 DOI: 10.3390/diseases12060110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Early-onset Alzheimer's disease (EOAD), defined as Alzheimer's disease onset before 65 years of age, has been significantly less studied than the "classic" late-onset form (LOAD), although EOAD often presents with a more aggressive disease course, caused by variants in the APP, PSEN1, and PSEN2 genes. EOAD has significant differences from LOAD, including encompassing diverse phenotypic manifestations, increased genetic predisposition, and variations in neuropathological burden and distribution. Phenotypically, EOAD can be manifested with non-amnestic variants, sparing the hippocampi with increased tau burden. The aim of this article is to review the different genetic bases, risk factors, pathological mechanisms, and diagnostic approaches between EOAD and LOAD and to suggest steps to further our understanding. The comprehension of the monogenic form of the disease can provide valuable insights that may serve as a roadmap for understanding the common form of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- César A. Valdez-Gaxiola
- División de Genética, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente, IMSS, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico; (C.A.V.-G.); (F.R.-L.)
- Doctorado en Genética Humana, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Frida Rosales-Leycegui
- División de Genética, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente, IMSS, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico; (C.A.V.-G.); (F.R.-L.)
- Maestría en Ciencias del Comportamiento, Instituto de Neurociencias, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Abigail Gaxiola-Rubio
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico;
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Guadalajara, Zapopan 45129, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - José Miguel Moreno-Ortiz
- Doctorado en Genética Humana, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico
- Instituto de Genética Humana “Dr. Enrique Corona Rivera”, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Genómica, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Luis E. Figuera
- División de Genética, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente, IMSS, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico; (C.A.V.-G.); (F.R.-L.)
- Doctorado en Genética Humana, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico
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Kausar G, Chauhan SB, Roy R, Kumar S, Engwerda C, Nylen S, Kumar R, Wilson ME, Sundar S. Apolipoprotein E Is Upregulated in Blood and Circulating Monocytes of Indian Patients With Visceral Leishmaniasis. Parasite Immunol 2024; 46:e13036. [PMID: 38720445 PMCID: PMC11141729 DOI: 10.1111/pim.13036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) has been associated with several diseases including Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's and multiple sclerosis. ApoE also has documented immunomodulatory functions. We investigated gene expression in circulating monocytes and in bone marrows of patients with visceral leishmaniasis (VL) living in an endemic area in Bihar, India, and contrasted these with control healthy subjects or other diagnostic bone marrows from individuals in the same region. Samples from VL patients were obtained prior to initiating treatment. Our study revealed significant upregulated expression of the apoE transcript in patients with VL. Furthermore, the levels of ApoE protein were elevated in serum samples of subjects with VL compared with healthy endemic controls. These observations may provide clues regarding the complex interactions between lipid metabolism and immunoregulation of infectious and inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulafsha Kausar
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005, UP, India
| | - Shashi Bhushan Chauhan
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005, UP, India
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Tropical Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington D.C. 20052, USA
| | - Ritirupa Roy
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005, UP, India
| | - Shashi Kumar
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005, UP, India
| | - Christian Engwerda
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland 4006, Australia
| | - Susanne Nylen
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rajiv Kumar
- Centre of Experimental Medicine & Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005, UP, India
| | - Mary E. Wilson
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Microbiology & Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Veterans’ Affairs Medical Center, Iowa City, IA 52240, USA
| | - Shyam Sundar
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005, UP, India
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Nepomuceno M, Monllor P, Cardells MJ, Ftara A, Magallon M, Dasí F, Badia MC, Viña J, Lloret A. Redox-associated changes in healthy individuals at risk of Alzheimer's disease. A ten-year follow-up study. Free Radic Biol Med 2024; 215:56-63. [PMID: 38417685 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2024.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
Carrying an allele 4 of the apolipoprotein E (ApoE) is the best-established genetic risk factor to develop Alzheimer's disease (AD). Fifty percent of ApoE4/4 individuals develop the disease at 70 years of age. ApoE3/4 carriers have a lower risk of developing the disease, still 50% of them suffer AD at around 80 years. In a previous study we showed that healthy young individuals, who had a parent with AD and were carriers of at least one ApoE4 allele displayed reductive stress. This was evidenced as a decrease in oxidative markers, such as oxidized glutathione, p-p38, and NADP+/NADPH ratio, and an increase of antioxidant enzymes, such as glutathione peroxidase (Gpx1) and both the catalytic and regulatory subunits of glutamyl-cysteinyl (GCLM and GCLC). Moreover, we found an increase in stress-related proteins involved in tau physiopathology. Now, 10 years later, we have conducted a follow-up study measuring the same parameters in the same cohort. Our results show that reductive stress has reversed, as we could now observe an increase in lipid peroxidation and in the oxidation of glutathione along with a decrease in the expression of Gpx1 and SOD1 antioxidant enzymes in ApoE4 carriers. Furthermore, we found an increase in plasma levels of IL1β levels and in PKR (eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha kinase 2) gene expression in isolated lymphocytes. Altogether, our results suggest that, in the continuum of Alzheimer's disease, people at risk of developing the disease go through different redox phases, from stablished reductive stress to oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Nepomuceno
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, CIBERFES, Fundación Investigación Hospital Clínico Universitario/INCLIVA, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Paloma Monllor
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, CIBERFES, Fundación Investigación Hospital Clínico Universitario/INCLIVA, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain; Internal Medicine Department, University Hospital of La Plana, Vila-Real, Spain
| | - Maria Jose Cardells
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, CIBERFES, Fundación Investigación Hospital Clínico Universitario/INCLIVA, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Artemis Ftara
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, CIBERFES, Fundación Investigación Hospital Clínico Universitario/INCLIVA, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Maria Magallon
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, CIBERFES, Fundación Investigación Hospital Clínico Universitario/INCLIVA, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Francisco Dasí
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, CIBERFES, Fundación Investigación Hospital Clínico Universitario/INCLIVA, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Jose Viña
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, CIBERFES, Fundación Investigación Hospital Clínico Universitario/INCLIVA, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Ana Lloret
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, CIBERFES, Fundación Investigación Hospital Clínico Universitario/INCLIVA, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
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Nasb M, Tao W, Chen N. Alzheimer's Disease Puzzle: Delving into Pathogenesis Hypotheses. Aging Dis 2024; 15:43-73. [PMID: 37450931 PMCID: PMC10796101 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2023.0608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a prevalent neurodegenerative disease characterized by both amnestic and non-amnestic clinical manifestations. It accounts for approximately 60-70% of all dementia cases worldwide. With the increasing number of AD patients, elucidating underlying mechanisms and developing corresponding interventional strategies are necessary. Hypotheses about AD such as amyloid cascade, Tau hyper-phosphorylation, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, cholinergic, and vascular hypotheses are not mutually exclusive, and all of them play a certain role in the development of AD. The amyloid cascade hypothesis is currently the most widely studied; however, other hypotheses are also gaining support. This article summarizes the recent evidence regarding major pathological hypotheses of AD and their potential interplay, as well as the strengths and weaknesses of each hypothesis and their implications for the development of effective treatments. This could stimulate further studies and promote the development of more effective therapeutic strategies for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ning Chen
- Tianjiu Research and Development Center for Exercise Nutrition and Foods, Hubei Key Laboratory of Exercise Training and Monitoring, College of Sports Medicine, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan 430079, China
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7
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Terhaar HM, Henriksen MDL, Mehaffy C, Hess A, McMullen RJ. The use of shotgun label-free quantitative proteomic mass spectrometry to evaluate the inflammatory response in aqueous humor from horses with uveitis compared to ophthalmologically healthy horses. Vet Ophthalmol 2024; 27:40-52. [PMID: 37144658 DOI: 10.1111/vop.13107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to use shotgun label-free tandem mass spectrometry (LF-MS/MS) to evaluate aqueous humor (AH) from horses with uveitis (UH) compared to ophthalmologically healthy horses (HH). ANIMALS STUDIED Twelve horses diagnosed with uveitis based on ophthalmic examination and six ophthalmologically healthy horses (postmortem) purchased for teaching purposes. PROCEDURES All horses received a complete ophthalmic examination and physical exam. Aqueous paracentesis was performed on all horses and AH total protein concentrations were measured with nanodrop (TPn) and refractometry (TPr). AH samples were analyzed with shotgun LF-MS/MS and proteomic data were compared between groups using Wilcoxon rank-sum test. RESULTS A total of 147 proteins were detected, 11 proteins had higher abundance in UH, and 38 proteins had lower abundance in UH. Proteins with higher abundance included apolipoprotein E, alpha-2-macroglobulin (A2M), alpha-2-HS-glycoprotein, prothrombin, fibrinogen, complement component 4 (C4), joining chain for IgA and IgM, afamin, and amine oxidase. There were positive correlations between TPn (p = .003) and TPr (p = .0001) compared to flare scores. CONCLUSION Differential abundance of A2M, prothrombin, fibrinogen, and C4 indicate upregulation of the complement and coagulation cascade in equine uveitis. Proinflammatory cytokines and the complement cascade have potential as therapeutic targets for equine uveitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah M Terhaar
- Comparative Ophthalmology, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Michala de Linde Henriksen
- Comparative Ophthalmology, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Carolina Mehaffy
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Ann Hess
- Department of Statistics, College of Natural Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Richard J McMullen
- Equine Ophthalmology, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, JT Vaughan Large Animal Teaching Hospital, Auburn, Alabama, USA
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Furman S, Green K, Lane TE. COVID-19 and the impact on Alzheimer's disease pathology. J Neurochem 2023:10.1111/jnc.15985. [PMID: 37850241 PMCID: PMC11024062 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has rapidly escalated into a global pandemic that primarily affects older and immunocompromised individuals due to underlying clinical conditions and suppressed immune responses. Furthermore, COVID-19 patients exhibit a spectrum of neurological symptoms, indicating that COVID-19 can affect the brain in a variety of manners. Many studies, past and recent, suggest a connection between viral infections and an increased risk of neurodegeneration, raising concerns about the neurological effects of COVID-19 and the possibility that it may contribute to Alzheimer's disease (AD) onset or worsen already existing AD pathology through inflammatory processes given that both COVID-19 and AD share pathological features and risk factors. This leads us to question whether COVID-19 is a risk factor for AD and how these two conditions might influence each other. Considering the extensive reach of the COVID-19 pandemic and the devastating impact of the ongoing AD pandemic, their combined effects could have significant public health consequences worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Furman
- Department of Neurobiology & Behavior, School of Biological Sciences, University of California, Irvine 92697
| | - Kim Green
- Department of Neurobiology & Behavior, School of Biological Sciences, University of California, Irvine 92697
| | - Thomas E. Lane
- Department of Neurobiology & Behavior, School of Biological Sciences, University of California, Irvine 92697
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, School of Biological Sciences, University of California, Irvine 92697, USA
- Center for Virus Research, University of California, Irvine 92697, USA
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Tao Q, Zhang C, Mercier G, Lunetta K, Ang TFA, Akhter‐Khan S, Zhang Z, Taylor A, Killiany RJ, Alosco M, Mez J, Au R, Zhang X, Farrer LA, Qiu WWQ. Identification of an APOE ε4-specific blood-based molecular pathway for Alzheimer's disease risk. ALZHEIMER'S & DEMENTIA (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2023; 15:e12490. [PMID: 37854772 PMCID: PMC10579631 DOI: 10.1002/dad2.12490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The precise apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4-specific molecular pathway(s) for Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk are unclear. METHODS Plasma protein modules/cascades were analyzed using weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) in the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative study. Multivariable regression analyses were used to examine the associations among protein modules, AD diagnoses, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) phosphorylated tau (p-tau), and brain glucose metabolism, stratified by APOE genotype. RESULTS The Green Module was associated with AD diagnosis in APOE ε4 homozygotes. Three proteins from this module, C-reactive protein (CRP), complement C3, and complement factor H (CFH), had dose-dependent associations with CSF p-tau and cognitive impairment only in APOE ε4 homozygotes. The link among these three proteins and glucose hypometabolism was observed in brain regions of the default mode network (DMN) in APOE ε4 homozygotes. A Framingham Heart Study validation study supported the findings for AD. DISCUSSION The study identifies the APOE ε4-specific CRP-C3-CFH inflammation pathway for AD, suggesting potential drug targets for the disease.Highlights: Identification of an APOE ε4 specific molecular pathway involving blood CRP, C3, and CFH for the risk of AD.CRP, C3, and CFH had dose-dependent associations with CSF p-Tau and brain glucose hypometabolism as well as with cognitive impairment only in APOE ε4 homozygotes.Targeting CRP, C3, and CFH may be protective and therapeutic for AD onset in APOE ε4 carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiushan Tao
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology & BiophysicsBoston University School of MedicineBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Slone Epidemiology CenterSchool of Public HealthBoston University Medical Campus (BUMC)BostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Chao Zhang
- Section of Computational BiomedicineDepartment of MedicineBoston University School of MedicineBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Gustavo Mercier
- Section of Molecular Imaging and Nuclear MedicineDepartment of RadiologyBoston University School of MedicineBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Kathryn Lunetta
- Slone Epidemiology CenterSchool of Public HealthBoston University Medical Campus (BUMC)BostonMassachusettsUSA
- Department of BiostatisticsBoston University School of Public HealthBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Ting Fang Alvin Ang
- Slone Epidemiology CenterSchool of Public HealthBoston University Medical Campus (BUMC)BostonMassachusettsUSA
- Department of Anatomy & NeurobiologyBoston University School of MedicineBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Samia Akhter‐Khan
- Department of Health Service & Population ResearchKing's College London, LondonDavid Goldberg CentreLondonUK
| | - Zhengrong Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology & BiophysicsBoston University School of MedicineBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Andrew Taylor
- Department of OphthalmologyBoston University School of MedicineBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Ronald J. Killiany
- Department of Anatomy & NeurobiologyBoston University School of MedicineBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Michael Alosco
- Department of NeurologyBoston University School of MedicineBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Jesse Mez
- Department of NeurologyBoston University School of MedicineBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Alzheimer's Disease and CTE CentersBoston University School of MedicineBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Rhoda Au
- Slone Epidemiology CenterSchool of Public HealthBoston University Medical Campus (BUMC)BostonMassachusettsUSA
- Department of Anatomy & NeurobiologyBoston University School of MedicineBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Xiaoling Zhang
- Department of MedicineBoston University School of MedicineBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Lindsay A. Farrer
- Alzheimer's Disease and CTE CentersBoston University School of MedicineBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Department of MedicineBoston University School of MedicineBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Wendy Wei Qiao Qiu
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology & BiophysicsBoston University School of MedicineBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Alzheimer's Disease and CTE CentersBoston University School of MedicineBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Department of PsychiatryBoston University School of MedicineBostonMassachusettsUSA
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Chen J, Doyle MF, Fang Y, Mez J, Crane PK, Scollard P, Satizabal CL, Alosco ML, Qiu WQ, Murabito JM, Lunetta KL. Peripheral inflammatory biomarkers are associated with cognitive function and dementia: Framingham Heart Study Offspring cohort. Aging Cell 2023; 22:e13955. [PMID: 37584418 PMCID: PMC10577533 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory protein biomarkers induced by immune responses have been associated with cognitive decline and the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Here, we investigate associations between a panel of inflammatory biomarkers and cognitive function and incident dementia outcomes in the well-characterized Framingham Heart Study Offspring cohort. Participants aged ≥40 years and dementia-free at Exam 7 who had a stored plasma sample were selected for profiling using the OLINK proteomics inflammation panel. Cross-sectional associations of the biomarkers with cognitive domain scores (N = 708, 53% female, 22% apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 carriers, 15% APOE ε2 carriers, mean age 61) and incident all-cause and AD dementia during up to 20 years of follow-up were tested. APOE genotype-stratified analyses were performed to explore effect modification. Higher levels of 12 and 3 proteins were associated with worse executive function and language domain factor scores, respectively. Several proteins were associated with more than one cognitive domain, including IL10, LIF-R, TWEAK, CCL19, IL-17C, MCP-4, and TGF-alpha. Stratified analyses suggested differential effects between APOE ε2 and ε4 carriers: most ε4 carrier associations were with executive function and memory domains, whereas most ε2 associations were with the visuospatial domain. Higher levels of TNFB and CDCP1 were associated with higher risks of incident all-cause and AD dementia. Our study found that TWEAK concentration was associated both with cognitive function and risks for AD dementia. The association of these inflammatory biomarkers with cognitive function and incident dementia may contribute to the discovery of therapeutic interventions for the prevention and treatment of cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiachen Chen
- Boston University School of Public HealthDepartment of BiostatisticsBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Margaret F. Doyle
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineLarner College of Medicine, University of VermontBurlingtonVermontUSA
| | - Yuan Fang
- Boston University School of Public HealthDepartment of BiostatisticsBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Jesse Mez
- Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston University Alzheimer's Disease Research Center and CTE CenterBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Department of NeurologyBoston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of MedicineBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Framingham Heart Study, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute and Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of MedicineFraminghamMassachusettsUSA
| | - Paul K. Crane
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of MedicineUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA
| | - Phoebe Scollard
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of MedicineUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA
| | | | - Claudia L. Satizabal
- Department of NeurologyBoston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of MedicineBostonMassachusettsUSA
- University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative DiseasesSan AntonioTexasUSA
| | - Michael L. Alosco
- Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston University Alzheimer's Disease Research Center and CTE CenterBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Department of NeurologyBoston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of MedicineBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Wei Qiao Qiu
- Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston University Alzheimer's Disease Research Center and CTE CenterBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Department of PsychiatryBoston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of MedicineBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of MedicineDepartment of Pharmacology & Experimental TherapeuticsBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Joanne M. Murabito
- Framingham Heart Study, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute and Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of MedicineFraminghamMassachusettsUSA
- Department of Medicine, Section of General Internal MedicineBoston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine and Boston Medical CenterBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Kathryn L. Lunetta
- Boston University School of Public HealthDepartment of BiostatisticsBostonMassachusettsUSA
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11
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Kalló G, Bertalan PM, Márton I, Kiss C, Csősz É. Salivary Chemical Barrier Proteins in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma-Alterations in the Defense Mechanism of the Oral Cavity. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13657. [PMID: 37686462 PMCID: PMC10487546 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is one of the most frequent types of head and neck cancer. Despite the genetic and environmental risk factors, OSCC is also associated with microbial infections and/or dysbiosis. The secreted saliva serves as the chemical barrier of the oral cavity and, since OSCC can alter the protein composition of saliva, our aim was to analyze the effect of OSCC on the salivary chemical barrier proteins. Publicly available datasets regarding the analysis of salivary proteins from patients with OSCC and controls were collected and examined in order to identify differentially expressed chemical barrier proteins. Network analysis and gene ontology (GO) classification of the differentially expressed chemical barrier proteins were performed as well. One hundred and twenty-seven proteins showing different expression pattern between the OSCC and control groups were found. Protein-protein interaction networks of up- and down-regulated proteins were constructed and analyzed. The main hub proteins (IL-6, IL-1B, IL-8, TNF, APOA1, APOA2, APOB, APOC3, APOE, and HP) were identified and the enriched GO terms were examined. Our study highlighted the importance of the chemical barrier of saliva in the development of OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gergő Kalló
- Proteomics Core Facility, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (P.M.B.); (I.M.); (É.C.)
- Biomarker Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Petra Magdolna Bertalan
- Proteomics Core Facility, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (P.M.B.); (I.M.); (É.C.)
- Biomarker Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Molecular Cell and Immune Biology, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Ildikó Márton
- Proteomics Core Facility, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (P.M.B.); (I.M.); (É.C.)
| | - Csongor Kiss
- Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
| | - Éva Csősz
- Proteomics Core Facility, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (P.M.B.); (I.M.); (É.C.)
- Biomarker Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
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12
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Luo L, Guo Y, Chen L, Zhu J, Li C. Crosstalk between cholesterol metabolism and psoriatic inflammation. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1124786. [PMID: 37234169 PMCID: PMC10206135 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1124786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is a chronic autoinflammatory skin disease associated with multiple comorbidities, with a prevalence ranging from 2 to 3% in the general population. Decades of preclinical and clinical studies have revealed that alterations in cholesterol and lipid metabolism are strongly associated with psoriasis. Cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-17), which are important in the pathogenesis of psoriasis, have been shown to affect cholesterol and lipid metabolism. Cholesterol metabolites and metabolic enzymes, on the other hand, influence not only the biofunction of keratinocytes (a primary type of cell in the epidermis) in psoriasis, but also the immune response and inflammation. However, the relationship between cholesterol metabolism and psoriasis has not been thoroughly reviewed. This review mainly focuses on cholesterol metabolism disturbances in psoriasis and their crosstalk with psoriatic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Luo
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital for Skin Disease, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Youming Guo
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital for Skin Disease, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lihao Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital for Skin Disease, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jing Zhu
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital for Skin Disease, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chengrang Li
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital for Skin Disease, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Dermatology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and Sexually Transmitted Infections, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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13
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Pocevičiūtė D, Roth B, Schultz N, Nuñez-Diaz C, Janelidze S, Olofsson A, Hansson O, Wennström M. Plasma IAPP-Autoantibody Levels in Alzheimer's Disease Patients Are Affected by APOE4 Status. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043776. [PMID: 36835187 PMCID: PMC9960837 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreas-derived islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP) crosses the blood-brain barrier and co-deposits with amyloid beta (Aβ) in brains of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. Depositions might be related to the circulating IAPP levels, but it warrants further investigation. Autoantibodies recognizing toxic IAPP oligomers (IAPPO) but not monomers (IAPPM) or fibrils have been found in T2D, but studies on AD are lacking. In this study, we have analyzed plasma from two cohorts and found that levels of neither immunoglobulin (Ig) M, nor IgG or IgA against IAPPM or IAPPO were altered in AD patients compared with controls. However, our results show significantly lower IAPPO-IgA levels in apolipoprotein E (APOE) 4 carriers compared with non-carriers in an allele dose-dependent manner, and the decrease is linked to the AD pathology. Furthermore, plasma IAPP-Ig levels, especially IAPP-IgA, correlated with cognitive decline, C-reactive protein, cerebrospinal fluid Aβ and tau, neurofibrillary tangles, and brain IAPP exclusively in APOE4 non-carriers. We speculate that the reduction in IAPPO-IgA levels may be caused by increased plasma IAPPO levels or masked epitopes in APOE4 carriers and propose that IgA and APOE4 status play a specific role in clearance of circulatory IAPPO, which may influence the amount of IAPP deposition in the AD brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dovilė Pocevičiūtė
- Cognitive Disorder Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, 214 28 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Bodil Roth
- Department of Internal Medicine, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, 214 28 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Nina Schultz
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, 223 62 Lund, Sweden
| | - Cristina Nuñez-Diaz
- Cognitive Disorder Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, 214 28 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Shorena Janelidze
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, 223 62 Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Anders Olofsson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Oskar Hansson
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, 223 62 Lund, Sweden
- Memory Clinic, Skåne University Hospital, 212 24 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Malin Wennström
- Cognitive Disorder Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, 214 28 Malmö, Sweden
- Correspondence:
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14
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Miao G, Zhuo D, Han X, Yao W, Liu C, Liu H, Cao H, Sun Y, Chen Z, Feng T. From degenerative disease to malignant tumors: Insight to the function of ApoE. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 158:114127. [PMID: 36516696 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.114127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) is a multifunctional protein involved in lipid transport and lipoprotein metabolism, mediating lipid distribution/redistribution in tissues and cells. It can also regulate inflammation and immune function, maintain cytoskeleton stability, and improve neural tissue Function. Due to genetic polymorphisms of ApoE (ε2, ε3, and ε4), its three common structural isoforms (ApoE2, ApoE3, ApoE4) are also associated with the risk of many diseases, especially degenerative diseases, such as vascular degenerative diseases including atherosclerosis (AS), coronary heart disease (CHD), and neurodegenerative disease like Alzheimer's disease (AD). The frequency of the ε4 allele and APOE variants were significantly higher than that of the ε2 and ε3 alleles in the patients with CHD or AD. In recent years, ApoE has frequently appeared in tumor research and become a tumor biomarker gradually. It has been found that ApoE is highly expressed in most solid tumor tissues, such as glioblastoma, gastric cancer, pancreatic ductal cell carcinoma, etc. Studies illustrated that ApoE could regulate the polarization changes of macrophages, participate in the construction of tumor immune microenvironment, regulate tumor inflammation and immune response and play a role in tumor progression, invasion, and metastasis. Of course, many functions of ApoE and its relationship with diseases are still under research. By reviewing the structure and function of ApoE from degeneration diseases to tumor neoplasms, we hope to better understand such a biomarker and further explore the value of ApoE in later studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganggang Miao
- Department of General Surgery, The People's Hospital of Danyang, Affiliated Danyang Hospital of Nantong University, Danyang, Jiangsu, China; Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Nanjing Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Danping Zhuo
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xue Han
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shangdong, China
| | - Wentao Yao
- Department of Urology, Suzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chuan Liu
- Hepatobiliary/Liver Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Key Laboratory of Living Donor Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Hanyuan Liu
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Nanjing Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hongyong Cao
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Nanjing Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Yangbai Sun
- Department of Musculoskeletal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Zhiqiang Chen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
| | - Tingting Feng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
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15
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Khongrum J, Yingthongchai P, Boonyapranai K, Wongtanasarasin W, Aobchecy P, Tateing S, Prachansuwan A, Sitdhipol J, Niwasabutra K, Thaveethaptaikul P, Phapugrangkul P, Chonpathompikunlert P. Safety and Effects of Lactobacillus paracasei TISTR 2593 Supplementation on Improving Cholesterol Metabolism and Atherosclerosis-Related Parameters in Subjects with Hypercholesterolemia: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15030661. [PMID: 36771367 PMCID: PMC9921995 DOI: 10.3390/nu15030661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Probiotics have the potential as a multi-target approach to modulate hypercholesterolemia associated with premature atherosclerosis. Various strains of Lactobacillus paracasei have been reported to affect hypercholesterolemia positively. This study aimed to investigate the effects of L. paracasei TISTR 2593 on lipid profile, cholesterol metabolism, and atherosclerosis according to the registration of Thai Clinical Trial Registry as identification number TCTR 20220917002. A total of 50 participants with hypercholesterolemia were randomly and equally assigned to consume L. paracasei TISTR 2593 or a placebo in maltodextrin capsules daily. Biomarkers of lipid profiles, oxidative stress state, inflammatory state, and other biological indicators were examined on days 0, 45, and 90. The results showed that subjects taking the L. paracasei TISTR 2593 could significantly reduce the level of serum low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (p < 0.05), malondialdehyde (p < 0.001), and tumor necrosis factor-α (p < 0.01). Moreover, L. paracasei TISTR 2593 increased the level of serum apolipoprotein E (p < 0.01) and adiponectin (p < 0.001) significantly. No changes in serum total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, triglyceride, total bile acids, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 were observed during L. paracasei TISTR 2593 supplementation. Therefore, L. paracasei TISTR 2593 could be an adjuvant probiotic supplement to ameliorate hypercholesterolemia and prevent or delay the development of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jurairat Khongrum
- Science and Technology Research Institute, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Functional Food Research Center for Well-Being, Science and Technology Research Institute, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Correspondence: (J.K.); (P.C.)
| | | | - Kongsak Boonyapranai
- Research Institute for Health Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Wachira Wongtanasarasin
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Paitoon Aobchecy
- Science and Technology Research Institute, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Suriya Tateing
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Aree Prachansuwan
- Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
| | - Jaruwan Sitdhipol
- Biodiversity Research Centre (BRC), Thailand Institute of Scientific and Technological Research (TISTR), Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - Kanidta Niwasabutra
- Biodiversity Research Centre (BRC), Thailand Institute of Scientific and Technological Research (TISTR), Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - Punnathon Thaveethaptaikul
- Biodiversity Research Centre (BRC), Thailand Institute of Scientific and Technological Research (TISTR), Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - Pongsathon Phapugrangkul
- Biodiversity Research Centre (BRC), Thailand Institute of Scientific and Technological Research (TISTR), Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - Pennapa Chonpathompikunlert
- Biodiversity Research Centre (BRC), Thailand Institute of Scientific and Technological Research (TISTR), Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
- Correspondence: (J.K.); (P.C.)
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16
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Ghosh S, Rihan M, Ahmed S, Pande AH, Sharma SS. Immunomodulatory potential of apolipoproteins and their mimetic peptides in asthma: Current perspective. Respir Med 2022; 204:107007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2022.107007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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17
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Nowowiejska J, Baran A, Flisiak I. Psoriasis and neurodegenerative diseases—a review. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:917751. [PMID: 36226313 PMCID: PMC9549431 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.917751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is a chronic skin disease with underlying genetic, inflammatory and immunological background, which is a great medical problem, currently regarded as a systemic condition. Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) are characterized by a progressive loss of nervous tissue, which affects elderly people more frequently; therefore, it is suspected that, due to society's aging, morbidity is going to increase. We performed a thorough review in order to investigate for the first time whether psoriasis may predispose to different particular neurodegenerative diseases—Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). PubMed search resulted in the retrieval of 833 records, of which 77 eligible were included in the review. Our thorough analysis revealed there are some potential links between psoriasis and NDs (inflammation, oxidative stress, genetics, cardiometabolic disorders), but there is no strong evidence that psoriasis may predispose to NDs. Based on the evidence, it seems that the risk of PD in psoriatics is not increased, and the evidence for increased risk of AD slightly prevails the data that state the opposite. ALS risk does not seem to be increased in psoriatics. The paucity of original studies does not allow for the formulation of definitive conclusions but encourages to perform further investigations.
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18
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Fang Y, Doyle MF, Chen J, Alosco ML, Mez J, Satizabal CL, Qiu WQ, Murabito JM, Lunetta KL. Association between inflammatory biomarkers and cognitive aging. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0274350. [PMID: 36083988 PMCID: PMC9462682 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0274350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory cytokines and chemokines related to the innate and adaptive immune system have been linked to neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's Disease, dementia, and cognitive disorders. We examined the association of 11 plasma proteins (CD14, CD163, CD5L, CD56, CD40L, CXCL16, SDF1, DPP4, SGP130, sRAGE, and MPO) related to immune and inflammatory responses with measures of cognitive function, brain MRI and dementia risk. We identified Framingham Heart Study Offspring participants who underwent neuropsychological testing (n = 2358) or brain MRI (n = 2100) within five years of the seventh examination where a blood sample for quantifying the protein biomarkers was obtained; and who were followed for 10 years for incident all-cause dementia (n = 1616). We investigated the association of inflammatory biomarkers with neuropsychological test performance and brain MRI volumes using linear mixed effect models accounting for family relationships. We further used Cox proportional hazards models to examine the association with incident dementia. False discovery rate p-values were used to account for multiple testing. Participants included in the neuropsychological test and MRI samples were on average 61 years old and 54% female. Participants from the incident dementia sample (average 68 years old at baseline) included 124 participants with incident dementia. In addition to CD14, which has an established association, we found significant associations between higher levels of CD40L and myeloperoxidase (MPO) with executive dysfunction. Higher CD5L levels were significantly associated with smaller total brain volumes (TCBV), whereas higher levels of sRAGE were associated with larger TCBV. Associations persisted after adjustment for APOE ε4 carrier status and additional cardiovascular risk factors. None of the studied inflammatory biomarkers were significantly associated with risk of incident all-cause dementia. Higher circulating levels of soluble CD40L and MPO, markers of immune cell activation, were associated with poorer performance on neuropsychological tests, while higher CD5L, a key regulator of inflammation, was associated with smaller total brain volumes. Higher circulating soluble RAGE, a decoy receptor for the proinflammatory RAGE/AGE pathway, was associated with larger total brain volume. If confirmed in other studies, this data indicates the involvement of an activated immune system in abnormal brain aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Fang
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Margaret F. Doyle
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, United States of America
| | - Jiachen Chen
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Michael L. Alosco
- Boston University Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center and CTE Center, School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jesse Mez
- Boston University Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center and CTE Center, School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Framingham Heart Study, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute and Boston University School of Medicine, Framingham, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Claudia L. Satizabal
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer’s and Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Wei Qiao Qiu
- Boston University Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center and CTE Center, School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Joanne M. Murabito
- Framingham Heart Study, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute and Boston University School of Medicine, Framingham, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Section of General Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Boston Medical Center, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Kathryn L. Lunetta
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
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Park HY, Oh HM, Kim TW, Kim Y, Park GY, Hwang H, Im S. Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms May Increase the Risk of Aspiration Pneumonia in Post-Stroke Patients with Dysphagia. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2022; 44:3735-3745. [PMID: 36005151 PMCID: PMC9406641 DOI: 10.3390/cimb44080255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate whether genetic polymorphism is associated with an increased risk of infection, specifically post-stroke aspiration pneumonia. Blood samples were obtained from a total of 206 post-stroke participants (males, n = 136; mean age, 63.8 years). Genotyping was performed for catechol-O-methyltransferase (rs4680, rs165599), dopamine receptors (DRD1; rs4532, DRD2; rs1800497, DRD3; rs6280), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (rs6265), apolipoprotein E (rs429358, rs7412), and the interleukin-1 receptor antagonist gene (rs4251961). The subjects were stratified into two groups, aged < 65 (young) and ≥ 65 (elderly). Functional parameters and swallowing outcomes were measured at enrollment and at 3 months post-onset. The primary outcome was the incidence of aspiration pneumonia. Analysis of the association between genetic polymorphisms and aspiration pneumonia history showed that a minor C rs429358 allele was associated with the occurrence of aspiration pneumonia in the young group, both in the additive and the dominant models (odds ratio: 4.53; 95% CI: 1.60−12.84, p = 0.004). In the multivariable analysis, the minor C rs429358 allele increased the risk of post-stroke aspiration pneumonia in young stroke patients by 5.35 (95% CI: 1.64−20.88). In contrast, no such association was observed in the elderly group. Apolipoprotein E polymorphism may affect the risk of post-stroke aspiration pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hae-Yeon Park
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
| | - Hyun-Mi Oh
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, National Traffic Injury Rehabilitation Hospital, Yangpyeong 12564, Korea
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Tae-Woo Kim
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, National Traffic Injury Rehabilitation Hospital, Yangpyeong 12564, Korea
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Youngkook Kim
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yeouido St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 07345, Korea
| | - Geun-Young Park
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Bucheon St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 14647, Korea
| | - Hyemi Hwang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Bucheon St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 14647, Korea
| | - Sun Im
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Bucheon St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 14647, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-32-340-2170
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20
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APOE4 drives inflammation in human astrocytes via TAGLN3 repression and NF-κB activation. Cell Rep 2022; 40:111200. [PMID: 35977506 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Apolipoprotein E4 (APOEε4) is the major allelic risk factor for late-onset sporadic Alzheimer's disease (sAD). Inflammation is increasingly considered as critical in sAD initiation and progression. Identifying brain molecular mechanisms that could bridge these two risk factors remain unelucidated. Leveraging induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-based strategies, we demonstrate that APOE controls inflammation in human astrocytes by regulating Transgelin 3 (TAGLN3) expression and, ultimately, nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) activation. We uncover that APOE4 specifically downregulates TAGLN3, involving histone deacetylases activity, which results in low-grade chronic inflammation and hyperactivated inflammatory responses. We show that APOE4 exerts a dominant negative effect to prime astrocytes toward a pro-inflammatory state that is pharmacologically reversible by TAGLN3 supplementation. We further confirm that TAGLN3 is downregulated in the brain of patients with sAD. Our findings highlight the APOE-TAGLN3-NF-κB axis regulating neuroinflammation in human astrocytes and reveal TAGLN3 as a molecular target to modulate neuroinflammation, as well as a potential biomarker for AD.
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Deletion of ApoE Leads to Intervertebral Disc Degeneration via Aberrant Activation of Adipokines. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2022; 47:899-907. [PMID: 34919078 DOI: 10.1097/brs.0000000000004311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Animal experiment: a mouse model of intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration induced by deletion of apolipoprotein E (apoE). OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the role and mechanism of apoE on the process of IVD degeneration. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA Abnormal lipid metabolism has been demonstrated to be closely related to IVD degeneration, a common chronic degenerative joint disease. ApoE, a component of apolipoproteins, plays a crucial role in lipid transportation and metabolic balance. But the relationship between apoE and IVD degeneration remains largely unknown. METHODS ApoE knockout (KO) mouse was employed to investigate the progressive disc degeneration. The changes of vertebral bone and intervertebral disc space were measured by micro-computed tomography (micro-CT). The histo-morphological changes of cartilage endplate (CEP) and underlying signals were tested using immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence staining. RESULTS The deletion of apoE gene accelerated the lumbar spine degeneration. Compared with WT mice, apoE KO mice showed reduced IVD space and increased vertebral bone mass. The progressive CEP degeneration was further found with cartilage degradation and endplate sclerosis in apoE KO mice. The deletion of apoE stimulated abnormal CEP bone remodeling and activation of adipokines signals. CONCLUSION The deletion of apoE gene induced abnormal activation of adipokines signals, thus contribute to the CEP degeneration. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE N/A.
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22
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Black RM, Flaman LL, Lindblom K, Chubinskaya S, Grodzinsky AJ, Önnerfjord P. Tissue catabolism and donor-specific dexamethasone response in a human osteochondral model of post-traumatic osteoarthritis. Arthritis Res Ther 2022; 24:137. [PMID: 35689293 PMCID: PMC9185927 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-022-02828-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Post-traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA) does not currently have clinical prognostic biomarkers or disease-modifying drugs, though promising candidates such as dexamethasone (Dex) exist. Many challenges in studying and treating this disease stem from tissue interactions that complicate understanding of drug effects. We present an ex vivo human osteochondral model of PTOA to investigate disease effects on cartilage and bone homeostasis and discover biomarkers for disease progression and drug efficacy. Methods Human osteochondral explants were harvested from normal (Collins grade 0–1) ankle talocrural joints of human donors (2 female, 5 male, ages 23–70). After pre-equilibration, osteochondral explants were treated with a single-impact mechanical injury and TNF-α, IL-6, and sIL-6R ± 100 nM Dex for 21 days and media collected every 2–3 days. Chondrocyte viability, tissue DNA content, and glycosaminoglycan (sGAG) percent loss to the media were assayed and compared to untreated controls using a linear mixed effects model. Mass spectrometry analysis was performed for both cartilage tissue and pooled culture medium, and the statistical significance of protein abundance changes was determined with the R package limma and empirical Bayes statistics. Partial least squares regression analyses of sGAG loss and Dex attenuation of sGAG loss against proteomic data were performed. Results Injury and cytokine treatment caused an increase in the release of matrix components, proteases, pro-inflammatory factors, and intracellular proteins, while tissue lost intracellular metabolic proteins, which was mitigated with the addition of Dex. Dex maintained chondrocyte viability and reduced sGAG loss caused by injury and cytokine treatment by 2/3 overall, with donor-specific differences in the sGAG attenuation effect. Biomarkers of bone metabolism had mixed effects, and collagen II synthesis was suppressed with both disease and Dex treatment by 2- to 5-fold. Semitryptic peptides associated with increased sGAG loss were identified. Pro-inflammatory humoral proteins and apolipoproteins were associated with lower Dex responses. Conclusions Catabolic effects on cartilage tissue caused by injury and cytokine treatment were reduced with the addition of Dex in this osteochondral PTOA model. This study presents potential peptide biomarkers of early PTOA progression and Dex efficacy that can help identify and treat patients at risk of PTOA. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13075-022-02828-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Mae Black
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Lisa L Flaman
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Karin Lindblom
- Rheumatology and Molecular Skeletal Biology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Susan Chubinskaya
- Departments of Pediatrics, Orthopedic Surgery and Medicine (Section of Rheumatology), Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Alan J Grodzinsky
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Patrik Önnerfjord
- Rheumatology and Molecular Skeletal Biology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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23
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Nowowiejska J, Baran A, Hermanowicz JM, Sieklucka B, Krahel JA, Kiluk P, Pawlak D, Flisiak I. Fatty Acid-Binding Protein 7 (FABP-7), Glutamic Acid and Neurofilament Light Chain (NFL) as Potential Markers of Neurodegenerative Disorders in Psoriatic Patients-A Pilot Study. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11092430. [PMID: 35566558 PMCID: PMC9105148 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11092430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis and neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) are important medical, social and economic issues. The possible relationship of psoriasis and NDs has not been established yet. This study involved 60 patients with plaque-type psoriasis. Serum concentrations of fatty acid-binding protein 7 (FABP-7), glutamic acid (GA) and neurofilament light chain (NFL), which have been hardly studied in psoriasis before, were measured by ELISA before and after 12 weeks of treatment with acitretin or methotrexate. The concentration of FABP-7 and NFL in patients before the treatment was significantly higher than in the controls (p < 0.01, p < 0.001, respectively). After the treatment their concentration decreased, although FABP-7 did so insignificantly. The concentration of GA did not differ significantly between patients and controls and before and after the treatment but we found its negative correlation with CRP (p < 0.05). The duration of psoriasis does not seem to directly affect the risk of neurodegeneration and the severity only in patients with worse skin condition. Elevated FABP-7 and NFL, which are present in the brain, may be considered as potential indicators of NDs development in psoriatics, although it surely requires further research. GA might correspond with neuroinflammation in psoriasis. Systemic antipsoriatic therapy could be studied in order to improve cognitive impairment through lowering NDs biomarkers in some cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Nowowiejska
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Medical University of Bialystok, Zurawia 14 St., 15-540 Bialystok, Poland; (A.B.); (J.A.K.); (P.K.); (I.F.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Anna Baran
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Medical University of Bialystok, Zurawia 14 St., 15-540 Bialystok, Poland; (A.B.); (J.A.K.); (P.K.); (I.F.)
| | - Justyna Magdalena Hermanowicz
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2C St., 15-540 Bialystok, Poland; (J.M.H.); (B.S.); (D.P.)
| | - Beata Sieklucka
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2C St., 15-540 Bialystok, Poland; (J.M.H.); (B.S.); (D.P.)
| | - Julita Anna Krahel
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Medical University of Bialystok, Zurawia 14 St., 15-540 Bialystok, Poland; (A.B.); (J.A.K.); (P.K.); (I.F.)
| | - Paulina Kiluk
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Medical University of Bialystok, Zurawia 14 St., 15-540 Bialystok, Poland; (A.B.); (J.A.K.); (P.K.); (I.F.)
| | - Dariusz Pawlak
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2C St., 15-540 Bialystok, Poland; (J.M.H.); (B.S.); (D.P.)
| | - Iwona Flisiak
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Medical University of Bialystok, Zurawia 14 St., 15-540 Bialystok, Poland; (A.B.); (J.A.K.); (P.K.); (I.F.)
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Heath L, Earls JC, Magis AT, Kornilov SA, Lovejoy JC, Funk CC, Rappaport N, Logsdon BA, Mangravite LM, Kunkle BW, Martin ER, Naj AC, Ertekin-Taner N, Golde TE, Hood L, Price ND. Manifestations of Alzheimer's disease genetic risk in the blood are evident in a multiomic analysis in healthy adults aged 18 to 90. Sci Rep 2022; 12:6117. [PMID: 35413975 PMCID: PMC9005657 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-09825-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetics play an important role in late-onset Alzheimer's Disease (AD) etiology and dozens of genetic variants have been implicated in AD risk through large-scale GWAS meta-analyses. However, the precise mechanistic effects of most of these variants have yet to be determined. Deeply phenotyped cohort data can reveal physiological changes associated with genetic risk for AD across an age spectrum that may provide clues to the biology of the disease. We utilized over 2000 high-quality quantitative measurements obtained from blood of 2831 cognitively normal adult clients of a consumer-based scientific wellness company, each with CLIA-certified whole-genome sequencing data. Measurements included: clinical laboratory blood tests, targeted chip-based proteomics, and metabolomics. We performed a phenome-wide association study utilizing this diverse blood marker data and 25 known AD genetic variants and an AD-specific polygenic risk score (PGRS), adjusting for sex, age, vendor (for clinical labs), and the first four genetic principal components; sex-SNP interactions were also assessed. We observed statistically significant SNP-analyte associations for five genetic variants after correction for multiple testing (for SNPs in or near NYAP1, ABCA7, INPP5D, and APOE), with effects detectable from early adulthood. The ABCA7 SNP and the APOE2 and APOE4 encoding alleles were associated with lipid variability, as seen in previous studies; in addition, six novel proteins were associated with the e2 allele. The most statistically significant finding was between the NYAP1 variant and PILRA and PILRB protein levels, supporting previous functional genomic studies in the identification of a putative causal variant within the PILRA gene. We did not observe associations between the PGRS and any analyte. Sex modified the effects of four genetic variants, with multiple interrelated immune-modulating effects associated with the PICALM variant. In post-hoc analysis, sex-stratified GWAS results from an independent AD case-control meta-analysis supported sex-specific disease effects of the PICALM variant, highlighting the importance of sex as a biological variable. Known AD genetic variation influenced lipid metabolism and immune response systems in a population of non-AD individuals, with associations observed from early adulthood onward. Further research is needed to determine whether and how these effects are implicated in early-stage biological pathways to AD. These analyses aim to complement ongoing work on the functional interpretation of AD-associated genetic variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Heath
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA, USA.
- Sage Bionetworks, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - John C Earls
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA, USA
- Thorne HealthTech, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | | | - Cory C Funk
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Brian W Kunkle
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
- Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Eden R Martin
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
- Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Adam C Naj
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Nilüfer Ertekin-Taner
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Todd E Golde
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, McKnight Brain Institute, Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Leroy Hood
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA, USA
- Providence St. Joseph Health, Renton, WA, USA
| | - Nathan D Price
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA, USA.
- Thorne HealthTech, New York, NY, USA.
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25
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Cavalcante JDS, de Almeida CAS, Clasen MA, da Silva EL, de Barros LC, Marinho AD, Rossini BC, Marino CL, Carvalho PC, Jorge RJB, Dos Santos LD. A fingerprint of plasma proteome alteration after local tissue damage induced by Bothrops leucurus snake venom in mice. J Proteomics 2022; 253:104464. [PMID: 34954398 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2021.104464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Bothrops spp. is responsible for about 70% of snakebites in Brazil, causing a diverse and complex pathophysiological condition. Bothrops leucurus is the main species of medical relevance found in the Atlantic coast in the Brazilian Northeast region. The pathophysiological effects involved B. leucurus snakebite as well as the organism's reaction in response to this envenoming, it has not been explored yet. Thus, edema was induced in mice paw using 1.2, 2.5, and 5.0 μg of B. leucurus venom, the percentage of edema was measured 30 min after injection and the blood plasma was collected and analyzed by shotgun proteomic strategy. We identified 80 common plasma proteins with differential abundance among the experimental groups and we can understand the early aspects of this snake envenomation, regardless of the suggestive severity of an ophidian accident. The results showed B. leucurus venom triggers a thromboinflammation scenario where family's proteins of the Serpins, Apolipoproteins, Complement factors and Component subunits, Cathepsins, Kinases, Oxidoreductases, Proteases inhibitors, Proteases, Collagens, Growth factors are related to inflammation, complement and coagulation systems, modulators platelets and neutrophils, lipid and retinoid metabolism, oxidative stress and tissue repair. Our findings set precedents for future studies in the area of early diagnosis and/or treatment of snakebites. SIGNIFICANCE: The physiopathological effects that the snake venoms can cause have been investigated through classical and reductionist tools, which allowed, so far, the identification of action mechanisms of individual components associated with specific tissue damage. The currently incomplete limitations of this knowledge must be expanded through new approaches, such as proteomics, which may represent a big leap in understanding the venom-modulated pathological process. The exploration of the complete protein set that suffer modifications by the simultaneous action of multiple toxins, provides a map of the establishment of physiopathological phenotypes, which favors the identification of multiple toxin targets, that may or may not act in synergy, as well as favoring the discovery of biomarkers and therapeutic targets for manifestations that are not neutralized by the antivenom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joeliton Dos Santos Cavalcante
- Graduate Program in Tropical Diseases, Botucatu Medical School (FMB), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Milan Avila Clasen
- Laboratory for Structural and Computational Proteomics, ICC, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Emerson Lucena da Silva
- Drug Research and Development Center, Federal University of Ceará (UFC), Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará (UFC), Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Luciana Curtolo de Barros
- Center for the Study of Venoms and Venomous Animals (CEVAP), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Aline Diogo Marinho
- Drug Research and Development Center, Federal University of Ceará (UFC), Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará (UFC), Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Bruno Cesar Rossini
- Biotechnology Institute (IBTEC), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil; Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Celso Luís Marino
- Biotechnology Institute (IBTEC), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil; Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Paulo Costa Carvalho
- Laboratory for Structural and Computational Proteomics, ICC, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Roberta Jeane Bezerra Jorge
- Drug Research and Development Center, Federal University of Ceará (UFC), Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará (UFC), Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Lucilene Delazari Dos Santos
- Graduate Program in Tropical Diseases, Botucatu Medical School (FMB), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil; Biotechnology Institute (IBTEC), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil.
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26
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Mi Z, Wang Z, Xue X, Liu T, Wang C, Sun L, Yu G, Zhang Y, Shi P, Sun Y, Yang Y, Ma S, Wang Z, Yu Y, Liu J, Liu H, Zhang F. The immune-suppressive landscape in lepromatous leprosy revealed by single-cell RNA sequencing. Cell Discov 2022; 8:2. [PMID: 35013182 PMCID: PMC8748782 DOI: 10.1038/s41421-021-00353-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lepromatous leprosy (L-LEP), caused by the massive proliferation of Mycobacterium leprae primarily in macrophages, is an ideal disease model for investigating the molecular mechanism of intracellular bacteria evading or modulating host immune response. Here, we performed single-cell RNA sequencing of both skin biopsies and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of L-LEP patients and healthy controls. In L-LEP lesions, we revealed remarkable upregulation of APOE expression that showed a negative correlation with the major histocompatibility complex II gene HLA-DQB2 and MIF, which encodes a pro-inflammatory and anti-microbial cytokine, in the subset of macrophages exhibiting a high expression level of LIPA. The exhaustion of CD8+ T cells featured by the high expression of TIGIT and LAG3 in L-LEP lesions was demonstrated. Moreover, remarkable enhancement of inhibitory immune receptors mediated crosstalk between skin immune cells was observed in L-LEP lesions. For PBMCs, a high expression level of APOE in the HLA-DRhighFBP1high monocyte subset and the expansion of regulatory T cells were found to be associated with L-LEP. These findings revealed the primary suppressive landscape in the L-LEP patients, providing potential targets for the intervention of intracellular bacteria caused persistent infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihao Mi
- grid.410587.fShandong Provincial Hospital for Skin Diseases & Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong China
| | - Zhenzhen Wang
- grid.410587.fShandong Provincial Hospital for Skin Diseases & Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong China
| | - Xiaotong Xue
- grid.410587.fShandong Provincial Hospital for Skin Diseases & Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong China
| | - Tingting Liu
- grid.410587.fShandong Provincial Hospital for Skin Diseases & Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong China
| | - Chuan Wang
- grid.410587.fShandong Provincial Hospital for Skin Diseases & Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong China
| | - Lele Sun
- grid.410587.fShandong Provincial Hospital for Skin Diseases & Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong China
| | - Gongqi Yu
- grid.410587.fShandong Provincial Hospital for Skin Diseases & Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- grid.410587.fShandong Provincial Hospital for Skin Diseases & Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong China
| | - Peidian Shi
- grid.410587.fShandong Provincial Hospital for Skin Diseases & Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong China
| | - Yonghu Sun
- grid.410587.fShandong Provincial Hospital for Skin Diseases & Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong China
| | - Yongliang Yang
- grid.460018.b0000 0004 1769 9639Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong China
| | - Shanshan Ma
- grid.410587.fShandong Provincial Hospital for Skin Diseases & Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong China
| | - Zhe Wang
- grid.410587.fShandong Provincial Hospital for Skin Diseases & Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong China
| | - Yueqian Yu
- grid.410587.fShandong Provincial Hospital for Skin Diseases & Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong China
| | - Jianjun Liu
- grid.418377.e0000 0004 0620 715XHuman Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hong Liu
- Shandong Provincial Hospital for Skin Diseases & Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China.
| | - Furen Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Hospital for Skin Diseases & Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China.
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Basavaraju P, Balasubramani R, Kathiresan DS, Devaraj I, Babu K, Alagarsamy V, Puthamohan VM. Genetic Regulatory Networks of Apolipoproteins and Associated Medical Risks. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 8:788852. [PMID: 35071357 PMCID: PMC8770923 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.788852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Apolipoproteins (APO proteins) are the lipoprotein family proteins that play key roles in transporting lipoproteins all over the body. There are nearly more than twenty members reported in the APO protein family, among which the A, B, C, E, and L play major roles in contributing genetic risks to several disorders. Among these genetic risks, the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), involving the variation of single nucleotide base pairs, and their contributing polymorphisms play crucial roles in the apolipoprotein family and its concordant disease heterogeneity that have predominantly recurred through the years. In this review, we have contributed a handful of information on such genetic polymorphisms that include APOE, ApoA1/B ratio, and A1/C3/A4/A5 gene cluster-based population genetic studies carried throughout the world, to elaborately discuss the effects of various genetic polymorphisms in imparting various medical conditions, such as obesity, cardiovascular, stroke, Alzheimer's disease, diabetes, vascular complications, and other associated risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preethi Basavaraju
- Biomaterials and Nano-Medicine Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, India
| | - Rubadevi Balasubramani
- Biomaterials and Nano-Medicine Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, India
| | - Divya Sri Kathiresan
- Biomaterials and Nano-Medicine Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, India
| | - Ilakkiyapavai Devaraj
- Biomaterials and Nano-Medicine Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, India
| | - Kavipriya Babu
- Biomaterials and Nano-Medicine Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, India
| | - Vasanthakumar Alagarsamy
- Biomaterials and Nano-Medicine Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, India
| | - Vinayaga Moorthi Puthamohan
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, India
- *Correspondence: Vinayaga Moorthi Puthamohan
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28
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Glasow A, Patties I, Priest ND, Mitchel REJ, Hildebrandt G, Manda K. Dose and Dose Rate-Dependent Effects of Low-Dose Irradiation on Inflammatory Parameters in ApoE-Deficient and Wild Type Mice. Cells 2021; 10:3251. [PMID: 34831473 PMCID: PMC8625495 DOI: 10.3390/cells10113251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Anti-inflammatory low-dose therapy is well established, whereas the immunomodulatory impact of doses below 0.1 Gy is much less clear. In this study, we investigated dose, dose rate and time-dependent effects in a dose range of 0.005 to 2 Gy on immune parameters after whole body irradiation (IR) using a pro-inflammatory (ApoE-/-) and a wild type mouse model. Long-term effects on spleen function (proliferation, monocyte expression) were analyzed 3 months, and short-term effects on immune plasma parameters (IL6, IL10, IL12p70, KC, MCP1, INFγ, TGFβ, fibrinogen, sICAM, sVCAM, sE-selectin/CD62) were analyzed 1, 7 and 28 days after Co60 γ-irradiation (IR) at low dose rate (LDR, 0.001 Gy/day) and at high dose rate (HDR). In vitro measurements of murine monocyte (WEHI-274.1) adhesion and cytokine release (KC, MCP1, IL6, TGFβ) after low-dose IR (150 kV X-ray unit) of murine endothelial cell (EC) lines (H5V, mlEND1, bEND3) supplement the data. RT-PCR revealed significant reduction of Ki67 and CD68 expression in the spleen of ApoE-/- mice after 0.025 to 2 Gy exposure at HDR, but only after 2 Gy at LDR. Plasma levels in wild type mice, showed non-linear time-dependent induction of proinflammatory cytokines and reduction of TGFβ at doses as low as 0.005 Gy at both dose rates, whereas sICAM and fibrinogen levels changed in a dose rate-specific manner. In ApoE-/- mice, levels of sICAM increased and fibrinogen decreased at both dose rates, whereas TGFβ increased mainly at HDR. Non-irradiated plasma samples revealed significant age-related enhancement of cytokines and adhesion molecules except for sICAM. In vitro data indicate that endothelial cells may contribute to systemic IR effects and confirm changes of adhesion properties suggested by altered sICAM plasma levels. The differential immunomodulatory effects shown here provide insights in inflammatory changes occurring at doses far below standard anti-inflammatory therapy and are of particular importance after diagnostic and chronic environmental exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annegret Glasow
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany;
| | - Ina Patties
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany;
| | - Nicholas D. Priest
- Département de Chimie, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada;
- Radiological Protection Research and Instrumentation Branch, Canadian Nuclear Laboratories (Retired), Chalk River, ON K0J 1J0, Canada;
| | - Ronald E. J. Mitchel
- Radiological Protection Research and Instrumentation Branch, Canadian Nuclear Laboratories (Retired), Chalk River, ON K0J 1J0, Canada;
| | - Guido Hildebrandt
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany; (G.H.); (K.M.)
| | - Katrin Manda
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany; (G.H.); (K.M.)
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29
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Mohtasebi P, Eslami M, Ramezanali F, Borjian Boroujeni P, Rokhsat Talab Z, Zamanian M. APOE polymorphism status (E4) may help in predicting the risk of recurrent implantation failure. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2021; 158:447-452. [PMID: 34767643 DOI: 10.1002/ijgo.14022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Revised: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the association between apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene polymorphisms and incidence of recurrent implantation failure (RIF). METHODS In a case-control study, 100 women with RIF were compared with 100 women with at least one live child. DNA was extracted from the peripheral blood and APOE genotyping was performed through polymerase chain reaction, followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism. Statistical analysis was performed using Pearson's χ2 test. RESULTS Our data revealed a significantly higher frequency for the E3/E4 genotype and E4 allele in the RIF group compared with controls. Significant differences in frequencies of the E4 allele (odds ratio [OR] 2.176; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.131-4.185; P = 0.026) and E3/E4 genotype (OR 2.203; 95% CI 1.092-4.443; P = 0.038) were observed between the groups. CONCLUSION The E4 polymorphism is correlated with RIF occurrence in women undergoing assisted reproductive treatment and potentially can be considered as a risk factor to the human implantation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parinaz Mohtasebi
- Department of Genetics, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Genetics, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Eslami
- Department of Genetics, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.,Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fariba Ramezanali
- Department of Endocrinology and Female Infertility, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parnaz Borjian Boroujeni
- Department of Genetics, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zeinab Rokhsat Talab
- Department of Genetics, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Zamanian
- Department of Genetics, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
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30
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Schönknecht YB, Crommen S, Stoffel-Wagner B, Coenen M, Fimmers R, Stehle P, Ramirez A, Egert S. APOE ɛ4 Is Associated with Postprandial Inflammation in Older Adults with Metabolic Syndrome Traits. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13113924. [PMID: 34836179 PMCID: PMC8624753 DOI: 10.3390/nu13113924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The apolipoprotein E (APOE) polymorphism impacts blood lipids and biomarkers of oxidation and inflammation, contributing to an isoform-dependent disease risk. We investigated the effect of the APOE genotype on postprandial metabolism after consumption of three different isoenergetic (4200 kJ) meals in older adults with a CVD risk phenotype. In a randomized crossover study, participants with metabolic syndrome traits (APOE E3, n = 39; E4, n = 10; mean age, 70 ± 5 years; BMI 31.3 ± 3.0 kg/m2) consumed a Western-like diet high-fat (WDHF), Western-like diet high-carbohydrate (WDHC), or Mediterranean-like diet (MED) meal. Parameters of lipid and glucose metabolism, inflammatory, and oxidative parameters were analyzed in blood samples collected at fasting and 1–5 h postprandially. Data were analyzed by linear mixed models. The magnitude of the IL-6 increase after the WDHF meal was significantly higher in E4 than in E3 carriers (iAUC: E4 = 7.76 vs. E3 = 2.81 pg/mL × h). The time to detect the IL-6 increase was shorter in the E4 group. All meals produced postprandial glycemia, insulinemia, and lipidemia, without differences between the E3 and the E4 groups. IL-1β and oxidized LDL levels did not change postprandially. In conclusion, APOE E4 carriers display increased postprandial inflammation, indicated by higher postprandial IL-6 increase, when compared to non-carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannik Bernd Schönknecht
- Nutritional Physiology, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany; (Y.B.S.); (S.C.); (P.S.)
| | - Silke Crommen
- Nutritional Physiology, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany; (Y.B.S.); (S.C.); (P.S.)
| | - Birgit Stoffel-Wagner
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany;
| | - Martin Coenen
- Clinical Study Core Unit, Study Center Bonn, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany;
| | - Rolf Fimmers
- Institute of Medical Biometry, Informatics and Epidemiology, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany;
| | - Peter Stehle
- Nutritional Physiology, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany; (Y.B.S.); (S.C.); (P.S.)
| | - Alfredo Ramirez
- Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany;
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 53127 Bonn, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer’s and Neurodegenerative Diseases, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
- Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Sarah Egert
- Nutritional Physiology, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany; (Y.B.S.); (S.C.); (P.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-(0)-228-73-5953
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31
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Associations between race, APOE genotype, cognition, and mortality among urban middle-aged white and African American adults. Sci Rep 2021; 11:19849. [PMID: 34615909 PMCID: PMC8494809 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-98117-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We examined associations between cognition and mortality and how these relationships vary by race and Apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotype, in a longitudinal study of 2346 middle-aged White and African American adults (30–64 years at baseline) from the Healthy Aging in Neighborhoods of Diversity across the Life Span cohort study. Baseline cognition spanned global mental status, and several domains obtained using principal components analysis (PCA; PCA1: verbal memory/fluency; PCA2: attention/working memory; PCA3: executive function/visuo-spatial abilities). Cox regression models evaluated associations between cognition and all-cause and cardiovascular disease (CVD)-mortality. Interactions between cognition and APOE2 as well as APOE4 allelic dose were tested, and race was a key effect modifier. Higher APOE4 dose was associated with increased CVD-mortality (hazard ratio [HR] per allele = 1.37; 95% CI 1.01–1.86, p = 0.041); APOE2 dosage’s association with CVD-mortality was non-significant (HR = 0.60; 95% CI 0.35–1.03, p = 0.065). Higher PCA3 was associated with lower all-cause (HR = 0.93; 95% CI 0.87–0.99, p = 0.030) and CVD (HR = 0.85; 95% CI 0.77–0.95, p = 0.001) mortality risks, the latter association being more pronounced among Whites. PCA2 interacted synergistically with APOE2 dosage, reducing risks for all-cause mortality (PCA2 × APOE2: − 0.33 ± 0.13, p = 0.010) and CVD mortality (PCA2 × APOE2: − 0.73 ± 0.31, p = 0.019). In conclusion, greater executive function/visuo-spatial abilities were associated with reduced CVD-specific mortality, particularly among Whites. Greater “attention/working memory” coupled with higher APOE2 dosage was linked with reduced all-cause and CVD mortality risks.
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32
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Hollinger KR, Zhu X, Khoury ES, Thomas AG, Liaw K, Tallon C, Wu Y, Prchalova E, Kamiya A, Rojas C, Kannan S, Slusher BS. Glutamine Antagonist JHU-083 Normalizes Aberrant Hippocampal Glutaminase Activity and Improves Cognition in APOE4 Mice. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 77:437-447. [PMID: 32675407 DOI: 10.3233/jad-190588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Given the emergent aging population, the identification of effective treatments for Alzheimer's disease (AD) is critical. OBJECTIVE We investigated the therapeutic efficacy of JHU-083, a brain-penetrable glutamine antagonist, in treating AD using the humanized APOE4 knock-in mouse model. METHODS Cell culture studies were performed using BV2 cells and primary microglia isolated from hippocampi of adult APOE4 knock-in mice to evaluate the effect of JHU-083 treatment on LPS-induced glutaminase (GLS) activity and inflammatory markers. Six-month-old APOE4 knock-in mice were administered JHU-083 or vehicle via oral gavage 3x/week for 4-5 months and cognitive performance was assessed using the Barnes maze. Target engagement in the brain was confirmed using a radiolabeled GLS enzymatic activity assay, and electrophysiology, gastrointestinal histology, blood chemistry, and CBC analyses were conducted to evaluate the tolerability of JHU-083. RESULTS JHU-083 inhibited the LPS-mediated increases in GLS activity, nitic oxide release, and pro-inflammatory cytokine production in cultured BV2 cells and primary microglia isolated from APOE4 knock-in AD mice. Chronic treatment with JHU-083 in APOE4 mice improved hippocampal-dependent Barnes maze performance. Consistent with the cell culture findings,postmortem analyses of APOE4 mice showed increased GLS activity in hippocampal CD11b+ enriched cells versus age-matched controls, which was completely normalized by JHU-083 treatment. JHU-083 was well-tolerated, showing no weight loss effect or overt behavioral changes. Peripheral nerve function, gastrointestinal histopathology, and CBC/clinical chemistry parameters were all unaffected by chronic JHU-083 treatment. CONCLUSION These results suggest that the attenuation of upregulated hippocampal glutaminase by JHU-083 represents a new therapeutic strategy for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen R Hollinger
- Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Departments of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Departments of Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Xiaolei Zhu
- Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Departments of Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Elizabeth S Khoury
- Departments of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ajit G Thomas
- Departments of Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kevin Liaw
- Departments of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Carolyn Tallon
- Departments of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Departments of Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ying Wu
- Departments of Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Eva Prchalova
- Departments of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Departments of Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Atsushi Kamiya
- Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Camilo Rojas
- Departments of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Departments of Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sujatha Kannan
- Departments of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Barbara S Slusher
- Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Departments of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Departments of Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Departments of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Departments of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Departments of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Departments of Oncology, and Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
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33
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Freitas RS, Roque CR, Matos GA, Belayev L, de Azevedo OGR, Alvarez-Leite JI, Guerrant RL, Oriá RB. Immunoinflammatory role of apolipoprotein E4 in malnutrition and enteric infections and the increased risk for chronic diseases under adverse environments. Nutr Rev 2021; 80:1001-1012. [PMID: 34406390 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuab063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Apolipoprotein E plays a crucial role in cholesterol metabolism. The immunomodulatory functions of the human polymorphic APOE gene have gained particular interest because APOE4, a well-recognized risk factor for late-onset Alzheimer's disease, has also been recently linked to increased risk of COVID-19 infection severity in a large UK biobank study. Although much is known about apoE functions in the nervous system, much less is known about APOE polymorphism effects on malnutrition and enteric infections and the consequences for later development in underprivileged environments. In this review, recent findings are summarized of apoE's effects on intestinal function in health and disease and the role of APOE4 in protecting against infection and malnutrition in children living in unfavorable settings, where poor sanitation and hygiene prevail, is highlighted. The potential impact of APOE4 on later development also is discussed and gaps in knowledge are identified that need to be addressed to protect children's development under adverse environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raul S Freitas
- Laboratory of the Biology of Tissue Healing, Ontogeny and Nutrition, Department of Morphology and Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Cássia R Roque
- Laboratory of the Biology of Tissue Healing, Ontogeny and Nutrition, Department of Morphology and Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Gabriella A Matos
- Laboratory of the Biology of Tissue Healing, Ontogeny and Nutrition, Department of Morphology and Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Ludmila Belayev
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, School of Medicine, Health Sciences Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States
| | - Orleâncio G R de Azevedo
- Laboratory of the Biology of Tissue Healing, Ontogeny and Nutrition, Department of Morphology and Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | | | - Richard L Guerrant
- Center for Global Health, Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States
| | - Reinaldo B Oriá
- Laboratory of the Biology of Tissue Healing, Ontogeny and Nutrition, Department of Morphology and Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
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34
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Zhao J, Yang M, Wu J. CXCL16 may be a predisposing factor to atherosclerosis: An animal study. Mol Med Rep 2021; 24:716. [PMID: 34396447 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.12355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory process initiated when lipoprotein is retained in the arterial wall. Leukocyte recruitment accelerates this process. CXC chemokine ligand 16 (CXCL16) acts as a chemokine to attract immune cells and also facilitates the phagocytosis process of modified low‑density lipoprotein. Whether CXCL16 promotes or inhibits the pathological process of AS remains to be elucidated. To clarify this, CXCL16 gene was introduced into C57BL/6J wild‑type mice to establish a stable CXCL16 overexpression mouse model. The initial changes of AS in mice were induced by high‑fat diet (HFD). To study how the interaction of HFD and CXCL16 affected fatty acid metabolism and deposition, body weight and plasma lipid profile were assessed. Soluble CXCL16, matrix metalloproteinase‑9, monocyte chemoattractant protein‑1 and intercellular adhesion molecule‑1 were detected by immunohistochemistry and ELISA to identify how CXCL16 affects AS lesion formation. The present study suggested that overexpression of CXCL16 combined with HFD lead to atherogenesis by upregulating the aforementioned inflammatory related genes at a protein level. The present study was the first, to the best of the authors' knowledge, to build a CXCL16 homozygous transgenic mice model to study how overexpressed CXCL16 is associated with AS for intervening in the occurrence and development of AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junbi Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Menglin Yang
- Department of Burns, Plastic Surgery and Dermatology, No. 922 Hospital of Joint Support Unit of the People's Liberation Army Hengyang, Hunan 421002, P.R. China
| | - Jie Wu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
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35
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Wooten T, Brown E, Sullivan DR, Logue MW, Fortier CB, Fonda JR, DeGutis J, Salat DH, McGlinchey R, Milberg W, Esterman M. Apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 moderates the relationship between c-reactive protein, cognitive functioning, and white matter integrity. Brain Behav Immun 2021; 95:84-95. [PMID: 33631288 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2021.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Elevated serum C-reactive protein (CRP) and possessing an APOE ε4 allele are two of the most prominent risk factors for cognitive and neurological dysfunction in older adults, but little is known about the unique or cumulative effects of these risk factors in young-to-middle-aged adults. To further characterize these potential relationships, measures of cognition and microstructural white matter integrity were examined using data from a sample of 329 post-9/11 war veterans that was collected as part of a comprehensive evaluation that included assessment of neuropsychological functioning, MRI scanning, psychiatric diagnoses, health screening, markers of inflammation, and APOE genotypes. Hierarchical linear regression analyses revealed the CRP and APOE ε4 interaction was associated with global cognition (β = -0.633), executive functioning (β = -0.566), and global fractional anisotropy (β = -0.470), such that elevated CRP was associated with worse cognition and white matter integrity in APOE ε4 carriers. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) was used to determine if CRP × APOE ε4 presence was associated with regionally specific fractional anisotropy in white matter tracts. Tract-based spatial statistics revealed CRP × APOE ε4 presence was associated with fractional anisotropy in the corpus callosum, right superior longitudinal fasciculus, right posterior corona radiata, as well as the bilateral anterior and superior corona radiatas. This suggests that APOE ε4 carriers may be uniquely vulnerable to the potentially negative impact of elevated systematic inflammation to cognition and microstructural white matter integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Wooten
- Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA; Translational Research Center for TBI and Stress Disorders (TRACTS) and Geriatric Research Educational and Clinical Center (GRECC), VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA; Boston Attention and Learning Laboratory, VA Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Emma Brown
- Translational Research Center for TBI and Stress Disorders (TRACTS) and Geriatric Research Educational and Clinical Center (GRECC), VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA; Neuroimaging Research for Veterans (NeRVe) Center, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Danielle R Sullivan
- National Center for PTSD, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mark W Logue
- National Center for PTSD, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; Biomedical Genetics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Catherine B Fortier
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; Translational Research Center for TBI and Stress Disorders (TRACTS) and Geriatric Research Educational and Clinical Center (GRECC), VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jennifer R Fonda
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; Translational Research Center for TBI and Stress Disorders (TRACTS) and Geriatric Research Educational and Clinical Center (GRECC), VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joseph DeGutis
- Translational Research Center for TBI and Stress Disorders (TRACTS) and Geriatric Research Educational and Clinical Center (GRECC), VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Boston Attention and Learning Laboratory, VA Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David H Salat
- Translational Research Center for TBI and Stress Disorders (TRACTS) and Geriatric Research Educational and Clinical Center (GRECC), VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA; Neuroimaging Research for Veterans (NeRVe) Center, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA; Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Regina McGlinchey
- Translational Research Center for TBI and Stress Disorders (TRACTS) and Geriatric Research Educational and Clinical Center (GRECC), VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - William Milberg
- Translational Research Center for TBI and Stress Disorders (TRACTS) and Geriatric Research Educational and Clinical Center (GRECC), VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael Esterman
- National Center for PTSD, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; Translational Research Center for TBI and Stress Disorders (TRACTS) and Geriatric Research Educational and Clinical Center (GRECC), VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA; Boston Attention and Learning Laboratory, VA Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
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36
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Rodrigues JCG, Pinto P, Leitão LPC, Vinagre LWMS, Monte N, Fernandes MR, Khayat AS, de Assumpção PP, Santos NPCD, Santos SEBD. Influence of APOE locus on poor prognosis of COVID-19. Heliyon 2021; 7:e07379. [PMID: 34179542 PMCID: PMC8220252 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has infected over 25 million of people worldwide, 5% of whom evolved to death and, among of the active cases, more than 60 thousand are classified as critical or severe. Recent studies revealed that ApoE, a protein encoded by APOE gene, may increase the risk of severe COVID-19 cases. ApoE has been involved with prevention of tissue damage and promotion of adaptative immune response in the lungs. This study investigated frequencies distribution of alleles that alter the ApoE expression in lung tissues to trace a profile of these variants and associate them to COVID-19 clinical outcomes. Data about APOE expression levels was obtained from the Genotype-Tissue Expression Project and the allele frequencies of APOE variants was acquired from the populations included in the phase 3 release of the 1000 Genomes Project. A total of 128 variants showed a significant impact on the APOE expression in lung tissues (p < 0.0001). Linkage Disequilibrium analysis revealed that 98 variants were closely grouped into seven distinct haplotype blocks, of which six were composed of variants that significantly decrease APOE gene expression in the lungs. Most of the haplotypes with higher impact on APOE expression showed greater frequencies in Europeans and lower in Africans, which implies that European populations might be more susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection. The present study indicates a potential genetic contribution of APOE expression-modifying variants in modulating the prognosis of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pablo Pinto
- Núcleo de Pesquisas em Oncologia, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
- Laboratório de Genética Humana e Médica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | | | | | - Natasha Monte
- Núcleo de Pesquisas em Oncologia, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | | | - André Salim Khayat
- Núcleo de Pesquisas em Oncologia, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | | | | | - Sidney Emanuel Batista dos Santos
- Núcleo de Pesquisas em Oncologia, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
- Laboratório de Genética Humana e Médica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
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37
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Isoform-Specific Effects of Apolipoprotein E on Markers of Inflammation and Toxicity in Brain Glia and Neuronal Cells In Vitro. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2021; 43:215-225. [PMID: 34071762 PMCID: PMC8928993 DOI: 10.3390/cimb43010018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations to the cholesterol transport protein apolipoprotein E (ApoE) have been identified as a major risk factor for the development of sporadic or late-onset Alzheimer’s disease (AD), with the e4 allele representing an increased risk and the rare e2 allele having a reduced risk compared to the primary e3 form. The reasons behind the change in risk are not entirely understood, though ApoE4 has been connected to inflammation and toxicity in both the brain and the periphery. The goal of this study was to better understand how the ApoE isoforms (ApoE2/3/4) confer differential AD-related risk by assessing cell-specific ApoE-related neuroinflammatory and neurotoxic effects. We compared the effects of ApoE isoforms in vitro on human astrocytes, a human immortalized microglia cell line (HMC3), and the human neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y. Cells were treated for 24 h with or without recombinant ApoE2, ApoE3, or ApoE4 (20 nM) and inflammation and toxicity markers assessed. Our results indicated the expression of inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, TNFα, and IL-6 in human astrocytes was increased in response to all ApoE isoforms, with ApoE4 evoking the highest level of cytokine expression. In response to ApoE2 or ApoE3, microglial cells showed reduced levels of microglial activation markers TREM2 and Clec7a, while ApoE4 induced increased levels of both markers. ApoE2 promoted neuron survival through increased BDNF release from astrocytes. In addition, ApoE2 promoted, while ApoE4 reduced, neuronal viability. Overall, these results suggest that ApoE4 acts on cells in the brain to promote inflammation and neuronal injury and that the deleterious effects of ApoE4 on these cells may, in part, contribute to its role as a risk factor for AD.
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38
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The role of full-length apoE in clearance of Gram-negative bacteria and their endotoxins. J Lipid Res 2021; 62:100086. [PMID: 34019903 PMCID: PMC8225977 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2021.100086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
ApoE is a well-known lipid-binding protein that plays a main role in the metabolism and transport of lipids. More recently, apoE-derived peptides have been shown to exert antimicrobial effects. Here, we investigated the antibacterial activity of apoE using in vitro assays, advanced imaging techniques, and in vivo mouse models. The formation of macromolecular complexes of apoE and endotoxins from Gram-negative bacteria was explored using gel shift assays, transmission electron microscopy, and CD spectroscopy followed by calculation of the α-helical content. The binding affinity of apoE to endotoxins was also confirmed by fluorescent spectroscopy detecting the quenching and shifting of tryptophan intrinsic fluorescence. We showed that apoE exhibits antibacterial activity particularly against Gram-negative bacteria such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli. ApoE protein folding was affected by binding of bacterial endotoxin components such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and lipid A, yielding similar increases in the apoE α-helical content. Moreover, high-molecular-weight complexes of apoE were formed in the presence of LPS, but not to the same extent as with lipid A. Together, our results demonstrate the ability of apoE to kill Gram-negative bacteria, interact with their endotoxins, which leads to the structural changes in apoE and the formation of aggregate-like complexes.
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Glapa-Nowak A, Szczepanik M, Iwańczak B, Kwiecień J, Szaflarska-Popławska AB, Grzybowska-Chlebowczyk U, Osiecki M, Dziekiewicz M, Stawarski A, Kierkuś J, Banasiewicz T, Banaszkiewicz A, Walkowiak J. Apolipoprotein E variants correlate with the clinical presentation of paediatric inflammatory bowel disease: A cross-sectional study. World J Gastroenterol 2021; 27:1483-1496. [PMID: 33911469 PMCID: PMC8047531 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v27.i14.1483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been suggested that apolipoprotein E (APOE) polymorphisms are associated with the risk of developing inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and the early age of disease onset. However, there are no reports regarding the relationship with clinical characteristics and disease severity.
AIM To summarise that APOE polymorphisms are associated with the risk of developing IBD and the early age of disease onset.
METHODS In total, 406 patients aged 3-18 with IBD (192 had ulcerative colitis and 214 had Crohn’s disease) were genotyped using the TaqMan hydrolysis probe assay. Clinical expression was described at diagnosis and the worst flare by disease activity scales, albumin and C-reactive protein levels, localisation and behaviour (Paris classification). Systemic steroid intake with the total number of courses, immunosuppressive, biological, and surgical treatment with the time and age of the first intervention were determined. The total number of exacerbation-caused hospitalisations, the number of days spent in hospital due to exacerbation, the number of relapses, and severe relapses were also estimated.
RESULTS Ulcerative colitis patients with the APOEε4 allele had lower C-reactive protein values at diagnosis (P = 0.0435) and the worst flare (P = 0.0013) compared to patients with the APOEε2 allele and genotype APOEε3/ε3. Crohn’s disease patients with the APOEε2 allele scored lower on the Pediatric Crohn’s Disease Activity Index at diagnosis (P = 0.0204). IBD patients with APOEε2 allele spent fewer days in the hospital due to relapse (P = 0.0440).
CONCLUSION APOE polymorphisms are associated with the risk of developing IBD and the clinical expression of IBD. However, the clinical relevance of the differences identified is rather modest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Glapa-Nowak
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Metabolic Diseases, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Poznań 60-572, Poland
| | - Mariusz Szczepanik
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Metabolic Diseases, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Poznań 60-572, Poland
| | - Barbara Iwańczak
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw 50-369, Poland
| | - Jarosław Kwiecień
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Zabrze 41-800, Poland
| | | | - Urszula Grzybowska-Chlebowczyk
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice 40-752, Poland
| | - Marcin Osiecki
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Feeding Disorders and Paediatrics, The Children’s Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw 04-730, Poland
| | - Marcin Dziekiewicz
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw 02-091, Poland
| | - Andrzej Stawarski
- Department and Clinic of Pediatrics, Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw 50-369, Poland
| | - Jarosław Kierkuś
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Feeding Disorders and Paediatrics, The Children’s Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw 04-730, Poland
| | - Tomasz Banasiewicz
- Chair and Department of General Surgery, Gastroenterological Surgical Oncology and Plastic Surgery, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Poznań 60-355, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Banaszkiewicz
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw 02-091, Poland
| | - Jarosław Walkowiak
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Metabolic Diseases, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Poznań 60-572, Poland
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Rajasekaran S, Chitraa T, Dilip Chand Raja S, Raveendran M, Sharon Miracle N, Sri Vijayanand KS, Ajoy Prasad S, Rishi Mugesh K. Subclinical infection can be an initiator of inflammaging leading to degenerative disk disease: evidence from host-defense response mechanisms. EUROPEAN SPINE JOURNAL : OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE EUROPEAN SPINE SOCIETY, THE EUROPEAN SPINAL DEFORMITY SOCIETY, AND THE EUROPEAN SECTION OF THE CERVICAL SPINE RESEARCH SOCIETY 2021; 30:2586-2604. [PMID: 33835272 DOI: 10.1007/s00586-021-06826-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE There is considerable controversy on the role of genetics, mechanical and environmental factors, and, recently, on subclinical infection in triggering inflammaging leading to disk degeneration. The present study investigated sequential molecular events in the host, analyzing proteome level changes that will reveal triggering factors of inflammaging and degeneration. METHODS Ten MRI normal disks (ND) from braindead organ donors and 17 degenerated disks (DD) from surgery were subjected to in-gel-based label-free ESI-LC-MS/MS analysis. Bacterial-responsive host-defense response proteins/pathways leading to Inflammaging were identified and compared between ND and DD. RESULTS Out of the 263 well-established host-defense response proteins (HDRPs), 243 proteins were identified, and 64 abundantly expressed HDRPs were analyzed further. Among the 21 HDRPs common to both ND and DD, complement factor 3 (C3) and heparan sulfate proteoglycan 2 (HSPG2) were significantly upregulated, and lysozyme (LYZ), superoxide dismutase 3 (SOD3), phospholipase-A2 (PLA2G2A), and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 3 (TIMP-3) were downregulated in DD. Forty-two specific HDRPs mainly, complement proteins, apolipoproteins, and antimicrobial proteins involved in the complement cascade, neutrophil degranulation, and oxidative-stress regulation pathways representing an ongoing host response to subclinical infection and uncontrolled inflammation were identified in DD. Protein-Protein interaction analysis revealed cross talk between most of the expressed HDRPs, adding evidence to bacterial presence and stimulation of these defense pathways. CONCLUSIONS The predominance of HDRPs involved in complement cascades, neutrophil degranulation, and oxidative-stress regulation indicated an ongoing infection mediated inflammatory process in DD. Our study has documented increasing evidence for bacteria's role in triggering the innate immune system leading to chronic inflammation and degenerative disk disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Rajasekaran
- Department of Orthopaedics and Spine Surgery, Ganga Hospital, 313, Mettupalayam road, Coimbatore, India.
| | - Tangavel Chitraa
- Ganga Research Centre, No 91, Mettupalayam road, Coimbatore, 641030, India
| | - S Dilip Chand Raja
- Department of Orthopaedics and Spine Surgery, Ganga Hospital, 313, Mettupalayam road, Coimbatore, India
| | - M Raveendran
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, 641003, India
| | | | - K S Sri Vijayanand
- Department of Orthopaedics and Spine Surgery, Ganga Hospital, 313, Mettupalayam road, Coimbatore, India
| | - Shetty Ajoy Prasad
- Department of Orthopaedics and Spine Surgery, Ganga Hospital, 313, Mettupalayam road, Coimbatore, India
| | - Kanna Rishi Mugesh
- Department of Orthopaedics and Spine Surgery, Ganga Hospital, 313, Mettupalayam road, Coimbatore, India
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Ye X, Li G, Liu X, Song G, Jia Y, Wu C, Wang X, Huang S, Zhu S. Apolipoprotein E genotype predicts subarachnoid extension in spontaneous intracerebral haemorrhage. Eur J Neurol 2021; 28:1992-1999. [PMID: 33738891 DOI: 10.1111/ene.14830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Spontaneous intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) with subarachnoid extension (SAHE) predicts poor outcomes and haematoma expansion in spontaneous ICH and is also a potential predictor of the severity of vascular amyloid deposition. The biological underpinnings of SAHE remain elusive. A study was conducted to identify risk factors associated with SAHE. METHODS A retrospective analysis was performed of an ongoing prospective cohort of primary spontaneous supratentorial ICH patients admitted to Tongji Hospital. SAHE was rated on baseline noncontrast computed tomography images by investigators blinded to the clinical data. RESULTS A total of 189 patients were enrolled. Apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε2 copies (p = 0.020), but not APOE ε4 copies (p > 0.2), were more common in patients with SAHE in univariate analysis. After controlling for confounding factors in multiple logistic regression, lobar haematoma (odds ratio [OR] 14.21, 95% confidence interval [CI] 5.89-34.33; p < 0.001), large haematoma volume (OR 1.04, 95% CI 1.02-1.06; p < 0.001) and APOE ε2 copies (OR 3.07, 95% CI 1.05-8.97; p = 0.041) were three independent predictors of SAHE. For subgroup analysis stratified by location, APOE ε2 showed a possible association with SAHE in lobar ICH (p = 0.026) but not in deep ICH (p > 0.2). No significant association was found between APOE ε4 copies and either lobar (p > 0.2) or deep ICH (p > 0.2). CONCLUSIONS The APOE ε2 allele predicts SAHE in spontaneous supratentorial ICH. The association may predominantly apply to lobar ICH. Given the established relationship between the APOE ε2 allele and pathological cerebrovascular changes, our findings suggest that SAHE involves genetically driven vessel pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Ye
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Guo Li
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoyan Liu
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Guini Song
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuchao Jia
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chunmei Wu
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiong Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shanshan Huang
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Suiqiang Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Moin ASM, Kahal H, Al-Qaissi A, Kumar N, Sathyapalan T, Atkin SL, Butler AE. Amyloid-related protein changes associated with dementia differ according to severity of hypoglycemia. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care 2021; 9:9/1/e002211. [PMID: 33931404 PMCID: PMC8098766 DOI: 10.1136/bmjdrc-2021-002211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hypoglycemia in type 2 diabetes (T2D) may increase risk for Alzheimer's disease (AD), but no data on changes in AD-related proteins with differing degrees of hypoglycemia exist. We hypothesized that milder prolonged hypoglycemia would cause greater AD-related protein changes versus severe transient hypoglycemia. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Two prospective case-control induced hypoglycemia studies were compared: study 1, hypoglycemic clamp to 2.8 mmol/L (50 mg/dL) for 1 hour in 17 subjects (T2D (n=10), controls (n=7)); study 2, hypoglycemic clamp to 2.0 mmol/L (36 mg/dL) undertaken transiently and reversed in 46 subjects (T2D (n=23), controls (n=23)). Blood sampling at baseline, hypoglycemia and 24-hour post-hypoglycemia, with proteomic analysis of amyloid-related proteins performed. RESULTS In control subjects, the percentage change from baseline to hypoglycemia differed between study 1 and study 2 for 5 of 11 proteins in the AD-related panel: serum amyloid A1 (SAA1) (p=0.009), pappalysin (PAPPA) (p=0.002), apolipoprotein E2 (p=0.02), apolipoprotein E3 (p=0.03) and apolipoprotein E4 (p=0.02). In controls, the percentage change from baseline to 24 hours differed between studies for two proteins: SAA1 (p=0.003) and PAPPA (p=0.004); however, after Bonferroni correction only SAA1 and PAPPA remain significant. In T2D, there were no differential protein changes between the studies. CONCLUSIONS The differential changes in AD-related proteins were seen only in control subjects in response to iatrogenic induction of hypoglycemic insults of differing length and severity and may reflect a protective response that was absent in subjects with T2D. Milder prolonged hypoglycemia caused greater AD-related protein changes than severe acute hypoglycemia in control subjects. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBERS NCT02205996, NCT03102801.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abu Saleh Md Moin
- Diabetes Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Doha, Qatar
| | - Hassan Kahal
- Diabetes and Metabolism, Hull York Medical School, Hull, UK
| | - Ahmed Al-Qaissi
- Diabetes and Metabolism, Hull York Medical School, Hull, UK
- Diabetes and Metabolism, Leeds Medical School, Leeds, UK
| | - Nitya Kumar
- Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland and Medical University of Bahrain, Busaiteen, Bahrain
| | | | - Stephen L Atkin
- Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland and Medical University of Bahrain, Busaiteen, Bahrain
| | - Alexandra E Butler
- Diabetes Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Doha, Qatar
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Erickson MA, Rhea EM, Knopp RC, Banks WA. Interactions of SARS-CoV-2 with the Blood-Brain Barrier. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:2681. [PMID: 33800954 PMCID: PMC7961671 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging data indicate that neurological complications occur as a consequence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a critical interface that regulates entry of circulating molecules into the CNS, and is regulated by signals that arise from the brain and blood compartments. In this review, we discuss mechanisms by which SARS-CoV-2 interactions with the BBB may contribute to neurological dysfunction associated with coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19), which is caused by SARS-CoV-2. We consider aspects of peripheral disease, such as hypoxia and systemic inflammatory response syndrome/cytokine storm, as well as CNS infection and mechanisms of viral entry into the brain. We also discuss the contribution of risk factors for developing severe COVID-19 to BBB dysfunction that could increase viral entry or otherwise damage the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle A. Erickson
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, VA Puget Sound Healthcare System, Seattle, WA 98108, USA; (E.M.R.); (R.C.K.)
- Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98104, USA
| | - Elizabeth M. Rhea
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, VA Puget Sound Healthcare System, Seattle, WA 98108, USA; (E.M.R.); (R.C.K.)
- Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98104, USA
| | - Rachel C. Knopp
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, VA Puget Sound Healthcare System, Seattle, WA 98108, USA; (E.M.R.); (R.C.K.)
- Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98104, USA
| | - William A. Banks
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, VA Puget Sound Healthcare System, Seattle, WA 98108, USA; (E.M.R.); (R.C.K.)
- Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98104, USA
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Lanfranco MF, Sepulveda J, Kopetsky G, Rebeck GW. Expression and secretion of apoE isoforms in astrocytes and microglia during inflammation. Glia 2021; 69:1478-1493. [PMID: 33556209 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is a common feature in neurodegenerative diseases, modulated by the Alzheimer's disease risk factor, apolipoprotein E (APOE). In the brain, apoE protein is synthesized by astrocytes and microglia. We examined primary cultures of astrocytes and microglia from human APOE (E2, E3, and E4) targeted-replacement mice. Astrocytes secreted two species of apoE, whereas cellular apoE consisted of only one. Both forms of secreted astrocytic apoE were bound during glycoprotein isolation, and enzymatic removal of glycans produced a convergence of the two forms of apoE to a single form; thus, the two species of astrocyte-secreted apoE are differentially glycosylated. Microglia released only a single species of apoE, while cellular apoE consisted of two forms; the secreted apoE and one of the two forms of cellular apoE were glycosylated. We treated the primary glia with either endogenous (TNFα) or exogenous (LPS) pro-inflammatory stimuli. While LPS had no effect on astrocytic apoE, APOE2, and APOE3 microglia increased release of apoE; APOE4 microglia showed no effect. APOE4 microglia showed higher baseline secretion of TNFα compared to APOE2 and APOE3 microglia. TNFα treatment reduced the secretion and cellular expression of apoE only in APOE4 astrocytes. The patterns of apoE species produced by astrocytes and microglia were not affected by inflammation. No changes in APOE mRNA were observed in astrocytes after both treatments. Together, our data demonstrate that astrocytes and microglia differentially express and secrete glycosylated forms of apoE and that APOE4 astrocytes and microglia are deficient in immunomodulation compared to APOE2 and APOE3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Fe Lanfranco
- Department of Neuroscience, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Jordy Sepulveda
- Department of Pharmacology & Physiology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Gregory Kopetsky
- Department of Neuroscience, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - G William Rebeck
- Department of Neuroscience, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
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Ma J, Qian C, Bao Y, Liu MY, Ma HM, Shen MQ, Li W, Wang JJ, Bao YX, Liu Y, Ke Y, Qian ZM. Apolipoprotein E deficiency induces a progressive increase in tissue iron contents with age in mice. Redox Biol 2021; 40:101865. [PMID: 33493903 PMCID: PMC7823209 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.101865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Association of both iron/hepcidin and apolipoprotein E (ApoE) with development of Alzheimer disease (AD) and atherosclerosis led us to hypothesize that ApoE might be required for body iron homeostasis. Here, we demonstrated that ApoE knock-out (KO) induced a progressive accumulation of iron with age in the liver and spleen of mice. Subsequent investigations showed that the increased iron in the liver and spleen was due to phosphorylated extracellular regulated protein kinases (pERK) mediated up-regulation of transferrin receptor 1 (TfR1), and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor-2 (Nrf2)-dependent down-regulation of ferroportin 1. Furthermore, replenishment of ApoE could partially reverse the iron-related phenotype in ApoE KO mice. The findings imply that ApoE may be essential for body iron homeostasis and also suggest that clinical late-onset diseases with unexplained iron abnormality may partly be related to deficiency or reduced expression of ApoE. Apolipoprotein E deficiency induces a progressive increase in tissue iron contents with age in mice. ApoE−/− induced a progressive accumulation of iron with age in the liver and spleen of mice. The increased iron was due to upregulation of TfR1 and downregulation of Fpn1. Replenishment of ApoE could partially reverse the iron-related phenotype in ApoE KO mice. ApoE may be essential for body iron homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Ma
- Institute of Translational and Precision Medicine, Nantong University, 19 Qi Xiu Road, Nantong, 226001, China; Laboratory of Neuropharmacology of Pharmacy School, and National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine of Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Christopher Qian
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Gerald Choa Neuroscience Centre, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yong Bao
- Institute of Translational and Precision Medicine, Nantong University, 19 Qi Xiu Road, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Meng-Yue Liu
- Institute of Translational and Precision Medicine, Nantong University, 19 Qi Xiu Road, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Hui-Min Ma
- Institute of Translational and Precision Medicine, Nantong University, 19 Qi Xiu Road, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Meng-Qi Shen
- Institute of Translational and Precision Medicine, Nantong University, 19 Qi Xiu Road, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Wei Li
- Institute of Translational and Precision Medicine, Nantong University, 19 Qi Xiu Road, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Jiao-Jiao Wang
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology of Pharmacy School, and National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine of Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China; Research Center for Medicine and Biology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, Guizhou, China
| | - Yu-Xin Bao
- Research Center for Medicine and Biology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, Guizhou, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Department of Pain and Rehabilitation, The Second Affiliated Hospital, The Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ya Ke
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Gerald Choa Neuroscience Centre, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Zhong-Ming Qian
- Institute of Translational and Precision Medicine, Nantong University, 19 Qi Xiu Road, Nantong, 226001, China; Laboratory of Neuropharmacology of Pharmacy School, and National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine of Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China.
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Grande G, Marengoni A, Vetrano DL, Roso-Llorach A, Rizzuto D, Zucchelli A, Qiu C, Fratiglioni L, Calderón-Larrañaga A. Multimorbidity burden and dementia risk in older adults: The role of inflammation and genetics. Alzheimers Dement 2021; 17:768-776. [PMID: 33403740 PMCID: PMC8247430 DOI: 10.1002/alz.12237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Introduction We investigate dementia risk in older adults with different disease patterns and explore the role of inflammation and apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotype. Methods A total of 2,478 dementia‐free participants with two or more chronic diseases (ie, multimorbidity) part of the Swedish National study on Aging and Care in Kungsholmen (SNAC‐K) were grouped according to their multimorbidity patterns and followed to detect clinical dementia. The potential modifier effect of C‐reactive protein (CRP) and apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotype was tested through stratified analyses. Results People with neuropsychiatric, cardiovascular, and sensory impairment/cancer multimorbidity had increased hazards for dementia compared to the unspecific (Hazard ration (HR) 1.66, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.13‐2.42; 1.61, 95% CI 1.17‐2.29; 1.32, 95% CI 1.10‐1.71, respectively). Despite the lack of statistically significant interaction, high CRP increased dementia risk within these patterns, and being APOE ε4 carriers heightened dementia risk for neuropsychiatric and cardiovascular multimorbidity. Discussion Individuals with neuropsychiatric, cardiovascular, and sensory impairment/cancer patterns are at increased risk for dementia and APOE ε4, and inflammation may further increase the risk. Identifying such high‐risk groups might allow tailored interventions for dementia prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Grande
- Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alessandra Marengoni
- Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Davide L Vetrano
- Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.,Centro di Medicina dell'Invecchiamento, IRCCS Fondazione Policlinico "A. Gemelli" and Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Albert Roso-Llorach
- Fundació Institut Universitari per a la recerca a l'Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina (IDIAPJGol), Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Spain
| | - Debora Rizzuto
- Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.,Stockholm Gerontology Research Center, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alberto Zucchelli
- Department of Information Engineering, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Chengxuan Qiu
- Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Laura Fratiglioni
- Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.,Stockholm Gerontology Research Center, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Amaia Calderón-Larrañaga
- Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
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Chen YM, Chen PK, Chang CK, Lin CC, Chen HH, Lan JL, Chang SH, Chen DY. Association of Apolipoprotein E Polymorphism with Adipokines and Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients. Life (Basel) 2020; 10:E330. [PMID: 33297350 PMCID: PMC7762228 DOI: 10.3390/life10120330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) polymorphism and adipokines are linked to atherosclerosis. We aimed to investigate the associations of apoE genotypes with adipokines, inflammatory parameters, and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risks in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. We enrolled 152 RA patients and 49 healthy control (HC) subjects. The apoE genotyping was determined by a polymerase chain reaction, while plasma levels of adipokines and inflammatory cytokines were measured with ELISA. Although apoE genotypes distributions were indistinguishable between RA patients and HC, we found significantly higher levels of apoE and adipokines in RA patients compared with HC. RA patients with ε2ε3 genotype had lower levels of TNF-α, IL-6, resistin, and visfatin, but higher leptin levels compared with ε3ε3 genotype patients. Patients with ε3ε4 genotype had significantly higher low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) levels and atherogenic index scores compared with ε2ε3 genotype carriers. Moreover, patients with ε2ε3 genotype had significantly lower 10-year CVD risk than ε3ε3 or ε3ε4 genotype patients. ε3ε4 genotype and adiponectin levels were independent predictors of a high 10-year CVD risk. RA patients with ε2ε3 genotype are associated with lower levels of TNF-α, IL-6, resistin, visfatin, and CVD risk, while RA patients with ε3ε4 genotype exhibited higher levels of LDL-C, insulin resistance, and higher CVD risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ming Chen
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 40705, Taiwan; (Y.-M.C.); (H.-H.C.)
- Ph.D. Program in Translational Medicine & Rong Hsing Research Center for Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan;
- Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
| | - Po-Ku Chen
- Rheumatology and Immunology Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40447, Taiwan; (P.-K.C.); (C.-K.C.); (J.-L.L.); (S.-H.C.)
- Translational Medicine Laboratory, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40447, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40447, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Kun Chang
- Rheumatology and Immunology Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40447, Taiwan; (P.-K.C.); (C.-K.C.); (J.-L.L.); (S.-H.C.)
- Translational Medicine Laboratory, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40447, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Chen Lin
- Ph.D. Program in Translational Medicine & Rong Hsing Research Center for Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan;
- Translational Medicine Laboratory, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40447, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Hua Chen
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 40705, Taiwan; (Y.-M.C.); (H.-H.C.)
- Ph.D. Program in Translational Medicine & Rong Hsing Research Center for Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan;
- Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
| | - Joung-Liang Lan
- Rheumatology and Immunology Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40447, Taiwan; (P.-K.C.); (C.-K.C.); (J.-L.L.); (S.-H.C.)
- College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40447, Taiwan
- Rheumatic Diseases Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40447, Taiwan
- Research and Development Center for Immunology, China Medical University, Taichung 40447, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Hsin Chang
- Rheumatology and Immunology Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40447, Taiwan; (P.-K.C.); (C.-K.C.); (J.-L.L.); (S.-H.C.)
- College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40447, Taiwan
| | - Der-Yuan Chen
- Rheumatology and Immunology Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40447, Taiwan; (P.-K.C.); (C.-K.C.); (J.-L.L.); (S.-H.C.)
- Translational Medicine Laboratory, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40447, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40447, Taiwan
- Research and Development Center for Immunology, China Medical University, Taichung 40447, Taiwan
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Shao Y, Zhao T, Zhang W, He J, Lu F, Cai Y, Lai Z, Wei N, Liang C, Liu L, Hong Y, Cheng X, Li J, Tang P, Fan W, Ou M, Yang J, Liu Y, Cui L. Presence of the apolipoprotein E-ε4 allele is associated with an increased risk of sepsis progression. Sci Rep 2020; 10:15735. [PMID: 32978453 PMCID: PMC7519096 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-72616-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence indicated that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene are related to increase the risk of many inflammatory-related diseases. However, few genetic studies have associated the APOE gene polymorphism with sepsis. This study was to investigate the clinical relevance of the APOE gene polymorphism in the onset and progression of sepsis. A multicenter case–control association study with a large sample size (601 septic patients and 699 healthy individuals) was conducted. Clinical data showed that the APOEε4 allele was overrepresented among all patients with septic shock (p = 0.031) compared with sepsis subtype, suggesting that APOEε4 allele may associated with increased susceptibility to the progression of sepsis. Moreover, the APOE mRNA levels decreased after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation in cells in culture. Then 21 healthy individuals to extract PBMC for genotype grouping (APOE4+ group 8; APOE4− group 13) was selected to evaluate the effect on APOE level, and results showed that the expression level of APOE in APOE4+ group and APOE4− group did not differ in mRNA levels after an LPS challenge, but the protein levels in APOE4+ group decreased slower than that in APOE4− group, and this process was accompanied by the upregulation of proinflammatory cytokines. These results provide evidence that the APOEε4 allele might be associated with the development of sepsis and a potential risk factor that can be used in the prognosis of sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Shao
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524000, China.,The Intensive Care Unit, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524000, China.,Zhanjiang Key Laboratory of Organ Injury and Protection and Translational Medicine, Guangdong, 524000, China
| | - Tian Zhao
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524000, China.,School of Clinical Medicine, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, 437000, China
| | - Wenying Zhang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524000, China
| | - Junbing He
- The Intensive Care Unit, Jieyang Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Jieyang, 52200, China
| | - Furong Lu
- The Intensive Care Unit, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524000, China.,The Intensive Care Unit, Jieyang Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Jieyang, 52200, China
| | - Yujie Cai
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524000, China
| | - Zhipeng Lai
- The Intensive Care Unit, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524000, China
| | - Ning Wei
- The Intensive Care Unit, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524000, China
| | - Chunmei Liang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524000, China
| | - Lizhen Liu
- The Intensive Care Unit, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524000, China
| | - Yuan Hong
- The Intensive Care Unit, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524000, China
| | - Xiaohong Cheng
- The Intensive Care Unit, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524000, China
| | - Jia Li
- The Intensive Care Unit ,The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430000, China
| | - Pei Tang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524000, China
| | - Weihao Fan
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524000, China
| | - Mingqian Ou
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524000, China
| | - Jingqi Yang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524000, China
| | - Yansong Liu
- The Intensive Care Unit, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Lili Cui
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524000, China.
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49
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Down syndrome iPSC model: endothelial perspective on tumor development. Oncotarget 2020; 11:3387-3404. [PMID: 32934781 PMCID: PMC7486695 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Trisomy 21 (T21), known as Down syndrome (DS), is a widely studied chromosomal abnormality. Previous studies have shown that DS individuals have a unique cancer profile. While exhibiting low solid tumor prevalence, DS patients are at risk for hematologic cancers, such as acute megakaryocytic leukemia and acute lymphoblastic leukemia. We speculated that endothelial cells are active players in this clinical background. To this end, we hypothesized that impaired DS endothelial development and functionality, impacted by genome-wide T21 alterations, potentially results in a suboptimal endothelial microenvironment with the capability to prevent solid tumor growth. To test this hypothesis, we assessed molecular and phenotypic differences of endothelial cells differentiated from Down syndrome and euploid iPS cells. Microarray, RNA-Seq, and bioinformatic analyses revealed that most significantly expressed genes belong to angiogenic, cytoskeletal rearrangement, extracellular matrix remodeling, and inflammatory pathways. Interestingly, the majority of these genes are not located on Chromosome 21. To substantiate these findings, we carried out functional assays. The obtained phenotypic results correlated with the molecular data and showed that Down syndrome endothelial cells exhibit decreased proliferation, reduced migration, and a weak TNF-α inflammatory response. Based on this data, we provide a set of genes potentially associated with Down syndrome’s elevated leukemic incidence and its unfavorable solid tumor microenvironment—highlighting the potential use of these genes as therapeutic targets in translational cancer research.
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50
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Mok VCT, Pendlebury S, Wong A, Alladi S, Au L, Bath PM, Biessels GJ, Chen C, Cordonnier C, Dichgans M, Dominguez J, Gorelick PB, Kim S, Kwok T, Greenberg SM, Jia J, Kalaria R, Kivipelto M, Naegandran K, Lam LCW, Lam BYK, Lee ATC, Markus HS, O'Brien J, Pai MC, Pantoni L, Sachdev P, Skoog I, Smith EE, Srikanth V, Suh GH, Wardlaw J, Ko H, Black SE, Scheltens P. Tackling challenges in care of Alzheimer's disease and other dementias amid the COVID-19 pandemic, now and in the future. Alzheimers Dement 2020; 16:1571-1581. [PMID: 32789951 PMCID: PMC7436526 DOI: 10.1002/alz.12143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
We have provided an overview on the profound impact of COVID‐19 upon older people with Alzheimer's disease and other dementias and the challenges encountered in our management of dementia in different health‐care settings, including hospital, out‐patient, care homes, and the community during the COVID‐19 pandemic. We have also proposed a conceptual framework and practical suggestions for health‐care providers in tackling these challenges, which can also apply to the care of older people in general, with or without other neurological diseases, such as stroke or parkinsonism. We believe this review will provide strategic directions and set standards for health‐care leaders in dementia, including governmental bodies around the world in coordinating emergency response plans for protecting and caring for older people with dementia amid the COIVD‐19 outbreak, which is likely to continue at varying severity in different regions around the world in the medium term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent C T Mok
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Gerald Choa Neuroscience Centre, Margaret K. L. Cheung Research Centre for Management of Parkinsonism, Therese Pei Fong Chow Research Centre for Prevention of Dementia, Lui Che Woo Institute of Innovative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Sarah Pendlebury
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, The Joint Research Office, Oxford, UK.,Departments of Acute General Medicine and Geratology, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK.,Centre for Prevention of Stroke and Dementia, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Adrian Wong
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Gerald Choa Neuroscience Centre, Margaret K. L. Cheung Research Centre for Management of Parkinsonism, Therese Pei Fong Chow Research Centre for Prevention of Dementia, Lui Che Woo Institute of Innovative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Suvarna Alladi
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - Lisa Au
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Gerald Choa Neuroscience Centre, Margaret K. L. Cheung Research Centre for Management of Parkinsonism, Therese Pei Fong Chow Research Centre for Prevention of Dementia, Lui Che Woo Institute of Innovative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Philip M Bath
- Stroke Trials Unit, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, School of Medicine, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Geert Jan Biessels
- Department of Neurology, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Christopher Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Memory Aging and Cognition Centre, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Charlotte Cordonnier
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1172 - LilNCog - Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, Lille, France
| | - Martin Dichgans
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE, Munich), Munich, Germany.,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Jacqueline Dominguez
- Memory Center, International Institute for Neurosciences, St. Luke's Medical Center, Manila, Philippines
| | - Philip B Gorelick
- The Ken & Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,Division of Cerebrovascular Disease and Neurocritical Care, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,Department of Translational Neuroscience, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA
| | - SangYun Kim
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Clinical Neuroscience Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Timothy Kwok
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Steven M Greenberg
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jianping Jia
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Rajesh Kalaria
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Miia Kivipelto
- Karolinska Institutet, Dept NVS, Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research and Karolinska University Hospital, Theme Aging, Stockholm, Sweden.,Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,Ageing and Epidemiology (AGE) Research Unit, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - Linda C W Lam
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Bonnie Yin Ka Lam
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Gerald Choa Neuroscience Centre, Margaret K. L. Cheung Research Centre for Management of Parkinsonism, Therese Pei Fong Chow Research Centre for Prevention of Dementia, Lui Che Woo Institute of Innovative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Allen T C Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Hugh S Markus
- Stroke Research Group, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - John O'Brien
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ming-Chyi Pai
- Division of Behavioral Neurology, Department of Neurology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Leonardo Pantoni
- Stroke and Dementia Lab, "Luigi Sacco" Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Perminder Sachdev
- Neuropsychiatric Institute, School of Psychiatry, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ingmar Skoog
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Eric E Smith
- Division of Neurology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Velandai Srikanth
- Department of Geriatric Medicine Peninsula Health, Peninsula Clinical School, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Guk-Hee Suh
- Department of Psychiatry, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Joanna Wardlaw
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, Edinburgh Imaging and UK Dementia Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Ho Ko
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Gerald Choa Neuroscience Centre, Margaret K. L. Cheung Research Centre for Management of Parkinsonism, Therese Pei Fong Chow Research Centre for Prevention of Dementia, Lui Che Woo Institute of Innovative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Sandra E Black
- Department of Medicine (Neurology), Canadian Partnership for Stroke Recovery, Hurvitz Brain Sciences Research Program, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Philip Scheltens
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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