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Frontera JA, Guekht A, Allegri RF, Ashraf M, Baykan B, Crivelli L, Easton A, Garcia-Azorin D, Helbok R, Joshi J, Koehn J, Koralnik I, Netravathi M, Michael B, Nilo A, Özge A, Padda K, Pellitteri G, Prasad K, Romozzi M, Saylor D, Seed A, Thakur K, Uluduz D, Vogrig A, Welte TM, Westenberg E, Zhuravlev D, Zinchuk M, Winkler AS. Evaluation and treatment approaches for neurological post-acute sequelae of COVID-19: A consensus statement and scoping review from the global COVID-19 neuro research coalition. J Neurol Sci 2023; 454:120827. [PMID: 37856998 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2023.120827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Post-acute neurological sequelae of COVID-19 affect millions of people worldwide, yet little data is available to guide treatment strategies for the most common symptoms. We conducted a scoping review of PubMed/Medline from 1/1/2020-4/1/2023 to identify studies addressing diagnosis and treatment of the most common post-acute neurological sequelae of COVID-19 including: cognitive impairment, sleep disorders, headache, dizziness/lightheadedness, fatigue, weakness, numbness/pain, anxiety, depression and post-traumatic stress disorder. Utilizing the available literature and international disease-specific society guidelines, we constructed symptom-based differential diagnoses, evaluation and management paradigms. This pragmatic, evidence-based consensus document may serve as a guide for a holistic approach to post-COVID neurological care and will complement future clinical trials by outlining best practices in the evaluation and treatment of post-acute neurological signs/symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A Frontera
- Department of Neurology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Alla Guekht
- Moscow Research and Clinical Center for Neuropsychiatry, Moscow, Russia; Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Mariam Ashraf
- Department of Anesthesiology, Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - Betül Baykan
- Department of Neurology, Istanbul University, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, and EMAR Medical Center, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Lucía Crivelli
- Department of Cognitive Neurology, Fleni, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ava Easton
- The Encephalitis Society, Malton, UK; Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - David Garcia-Azorin
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Raimund Helbok
- Department of Neurology, Neuro-Intensive Care Unit, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurology, Johannes Kepler University, Linz, Austria
| | - Jatin Joshi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - Julia Koehn
- Department of Neurology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Igor Koralnik
- Departmentof Neurology, Northwestern Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - M Netravathi
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health & Neurosciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Benedict Michael
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK; National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Emerging and Zoonotic Infections, University of Liverpool, UK; The Walton Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - Annacarmen Nilo
- Clinical Neurology, Santa Maria della Misericordia University Hospital, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale (ASU FC), Udine, Italy
| | - Aynur Özge
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Karanbir Padda
- Department of Neurology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gaia Pellitteri
- Clinical Neurology, Santa Maria della Misericordia University Hospital, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale (ASU FC), Udine, Italy
| | - Kameshwar Prasad
- Chief Executive Office, Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
| | - Marina Romozzi
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Dipartimento Universitario Di Neuroscienze, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Deanna Saylor
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Adam Seed
- The Walton Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - Kiran Thakur
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center/New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - Derya Uluduz
- Department of Neurology, Istanbul University, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, and EMAR Medical Center, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Alberto Vogrig
- Clinical Neurology, Santa Maria della Misericordia University Hospital, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale (ASU FC), Udine, Italy; Department of Medicine, University of Udine Medical School, Udine, Italy
| | - Tamara M Welte
- Department of Neurology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany; Department of Neurology, Center for Global Health, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Erica Westenberg
- Department of Neurology, Center for Global Health, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Dmitry Zhuravlev
- Moscow Research and Clinical Center for Neuropsychiatry, Moscow, Russia
| | - Mikhail Zinchuk
- Moscow Research and Clinical Center for Neuropsychiatry, Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrea S Winkler
- Department of Neurology, Center for Global Health, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany; Department of Community Medicine and Global Health, Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Blavatnik Institute of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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2
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Wu CS, Li YC, Peng SL, Chen CY, Chen HF, Hsueh PR, Wang WJ, Liu YY, Jiang CL, Chang WC, Wang SC, Hung MC. Coffee as a dietary strategy to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection. Cell Biosci 2023; 13:210. [PMID: 37964389 PMCID: PMC10644613 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-023-01154-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To date, most countries lifted the restriction requirement and coexisted with SARS-CoV-2. Thus, dietary behavior for preventing SARS-CoV-2 infection becomes an interesting issue on a daily basis. Coffee consumption is connected with reduced COVID-19 risk and correlated to COVID-19 severity. However, the mechanisms of coffee for the reduction of COVID-19 risk are still unclear. RESULTS Here, we identified that coffee can inhibit multiple variants of the SARS-CoV-2 infection by restraining the binding of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein to human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), and reducing transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2) and cathepsin L (CTSL) activity. Then, we used the method of "Here" (HRMS-exploring-recombination-examining) and found that isochlorogenic acid A, B, and C of coffee ingredients showed their potential to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 infection (inhibitory efficiency 43-54%). In addition, decaffeinated coffee still preserves inhibitory activity against SARS-CoV-2. Finally, in a human trial of 64 subjects, we identified that coffee consumption (approximately 1-2 cups/day) is sufficient to inhibit infection of multiple variants of SARS-CoV-2 entry, suggesting coffee could be a dietary strategy to prevent SARS-CoV2 infection. CONCLUSIONS This study verified moderate coffee consumption, including decaffeination, can provide a new guideline for the prevention of SARS-CoV-2. Based on the results, we also suggest a coffee-drinking plan for people to prevent infection in the post-COVID-19 era.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Shiou Wu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Research Center for Cancer Biology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chuan Li
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shin-Lei Peng
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Neuroscience and Brain Disease Center, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Yu Chen
- Research Center for Cancer Biology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Fan Chen
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Research Center for Cancer Biology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Po-Ren Hsueh
- Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University Taichung, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Jan Wang
- Research Center for Cancer Biology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Yi Liu
- Department of Biology, National Changhua University of Education, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Ciao-Ling Jiang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Research Center for Cancer Biology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chao Chang
- Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shao-Chun Wang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Research Center for Cancer Biology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Cancer Biology and Precision Therapeutics Center, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Mien-Chie Hung
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
- Research Center for Cancer Biology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
- Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan.
- Cancer Biology and Precision Therapeutics Center, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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Amadoro G, Latina V, Stigliano E, Micera A. COVID-19 and Alzheimer's Disease Share Common Neurological and Ophthalmological Manifestations: A Bidirectional Risk in the Post-Pandemic Future. Cells 2023; 12:2601. [PMID: 37998336 PMCID: PMC10670749 DOI: 10.3390/cells12222601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
A growing body of evidence indicates that a neuropathological cross-talk takes place between the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) -the pandemic severe pneumonia that has had a tremendous impact on the global economy and health since three years after its outbreak in December 2019- and Alzheimer's Disease (AD), the leading cause of dementia among human beings, reaching 139 million by the year 2050. Even though COVID-19 is a primary respiratory disease, its causative agent, the so-called Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is also endowed with high neuro-invasive potential (Neurocovid). The neurological complications of COVID-19, resulting from the direct viral entry into the Central Nervous System (CNS) and/or indirect systemic inflammation and dysregulated activation of immune response, encompass memory decline and anosmia which are typically associated with AD symptomatology. In addition, patients diagnosed with AD are more vulnerable to SARS-CoV-2 infection and are inclined to more severe clinical outcomes. In the present review, we better elucidate the intimate connection between COVID-19 and AD by summarizing the involved risk factors/targets and the underlying biological mechanisms shared by these two disorders with a particular focus on the Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor, APOlipoprotein E (APOE), aging, neuroinflammation and cellular pathways associated with the Amyloid Precursor Protein (APP)/Amyloid beta (Aβ) and tau neuropathologies. Finally, the involvement of ophthalmological manifestations, including vitreo-retinal abnormalities and visual deficits, in both COVID-19 and AD are also discussed. Understanding the common physiopathological aspects linking COVID-19 and AD will pave the way to novel management and diagnostic/therapeutic approaches to cope with them in the post-pandemic future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina Amadoro
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology (IFT), National Research Council (CNR), Via Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Rome, Italy;
- European Brain Research Institute (EBRI), Viale Regina Elena 295, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Latina
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology (IFT), National Research Council (CNR), Via Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Rome, Italy;
- European Brain Research Institute (EBRI), Viale Regina Elena 295, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Egidio Stigliano
- Area of Pathology, Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Istituto di Anatomia Patologica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Alessandra Micera
- Research and Development Laboratory for Biochemical, Molecular and Cellular Applications in Ophthalmological Sciences, IRCCS-Fondazione Bietti, Via Santo Stefano Rotondo, 6, 00184 Rome, Italy
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4
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Matveeva N, Kiselev I, Baulina N, Semina E, Kakotkin V, Agapov M, Kulakova O, Favorova O. Shared genetic architecture of COVID-19 and Alzheimer's disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1287322. [PMID: 37927339 PMCID: PMC10625425 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1287322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and the сoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have become a global health threat. At the height of the pandemic, major efforts were focused on reducing COVID-19-associated morbidity and mortality. Now is the time to study the long-term effects of the pandemic, particularly cognitive impairment associated with long COVID. In recent years much attention has been paid to the possible relationship between COVID-19 and Alzheimer's disease, which is considered a main cause of age-related cognitive impairment. Genetic predisposition was shown for both COVID-19 and Alzheimer's disease. However, the analysis of the similarity of the genetic architecture of these diseases is usually limited to indicating a positive genetic correlation between them. In this review, we have described intrinsic linkages between COVID-19 and Alzheimer's disease, pointed out shared susceptibility genes that were previously identified in genome-wide association studies of both COVID-19 and Alzheimer's disease, and highlighted a panel of SNPs that includes candidate genetic risk markers of the long COVID-associated cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Matveeva
- Institute of Medicine and Life Science, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, Kaliningrad, Russia
- Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Institute of Translational Medicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ivan Kiselev
- Institute of Medicine and Life Science, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, Kaliningrad, Russia
- Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Institute of Translational Medicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Natalia Baulina
- Institute of Medicine and Life Science, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, Kaliningrad, Russia
- Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Institute of Translational Medicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ekaterina Semina
- Institute of Medicine and Life Science, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, Kaliningrad, Russia
| | - Viktor Kakotkin
- Institute of Medicine and Life Science, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, Kaliningrad, Russia
| | - Mikhail Agapov
- Institute of Medicine and Life Science, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, Kaliningrad, Russia
| | - Olga Kulakova
- Institute of Medicine and Life Science, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, Kaliningrad, Russia
- Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Institute of Translational Medicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga Favorova
- Institute of Medicine and Life Science, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, Kaliningrad, Russia
- Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Institute of Translational Medicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
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5
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Chen F, Ke Q, Wei W, Cui L, Wang Y. Apolipoprotein E and viral infection: Risks and Mechanisms. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2023; 33:529-542. [PMID: 37588688 PMCID: PMC10425688 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2023.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) is a multifunctional protein critical for lipid metabolism and cholesterol homeostasis. In addition to being a well known genetic determinant of both neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases, ApoE is frequently involved in various viral infection-related diseases. Human ApoE protein is functionally polymorphic with three isoforms, namely, ApoE2, ApoE3, and ApoE4, with markedly altered protein structures and functions. ApoE4 is associated with increased susceptibility to infection with herpes simplex virus type-1 and HIV. Conversely, ApoE4 protects against hepatitis C virus and hepatitis B virus infection. With the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019, ApoE4 has been shown to determine the incidence and progression of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection. These findings clearly indicate the critical role of ApoE in viral infection. Furthermore, ApoE polymorphism has various or even opposite effects in these infection processes, which are partly related to the structural features that distinguish the different ApoE statuses. In the current review, we summarize the emerging relationship between ApoE and viral infection, discuss the potential mechanisms, and identify future directions that may help to advance our understanding of the link between ApoE and viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Chen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524000, China
| | - Qiongwei Ke
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524000, China
| | - Wenyan Wei
- Department of Gerontology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524000, China
| | - Lili Cui
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524000, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524000, China
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Yazdanparast S, Bakhtiyaridovvombaygi M, Mikanik F, Ahmadi R, Ghorbani M, Mansoorian MR, Mansoorian M, Chegni H, Moshari J, Gharehbaghian A. Spotlight on contributory role of host immunogenetic profiling in SARS-CoV-2 infection: Susceptibility, severity, mortality, and vaccine effectiveness. Life Sci 2023:121907. [PMID: 37394094 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The SARS-CoV-2 virus has spread continuously worldwide, characterized by various clinical symptoms. The immune system responds to SARS-CoV-2 infection by producing Abs and secreting cytokines. Recently, numerous studies have highlighted that immunogenetic factors perform a putative role in COVID-19 pathogenesis and implicate vaccination effectiveness. AIM This review summarizes the relevant articles and evaluates the significance of mutation and polymorphism in immune-related genes regarding susceptibility, severity, mortality, and vaccination effectiveness of COVID-19. Furthermore, the correlation between host immunogenetic and SARS-CoV-2 reinfection is discussed. METHOD A comprehensive search was conducted to identify relevant articles using five databases until January 2023, which resulted in 105 total articles. KEY FINDINGS Taken to gather this review summarized that: (a) there is a plausible correlation between immune-related genes and COVID-19 outcomes, (b) the HLAs, cytokines, chemokines, and other immune-related genes expression profiles can be a prognostic factor in COVID-19-infected patients, and (c) polymorphisms in immune-related genes have been associated with the effectiveness of vaccination. SIGNIFICANCE Regarding the importance of mutation and polymorphisms in immune-related genes in COVID-19 outcomes, modulating candidate genes is expected to help clinical decisions, patient outcomes management, and innovative therapeutic approach development. In addition, the manipulation of host immunogenetics is hypothesized to induce more robust cellular and humoral immune responses, effectively increase the efficacy of vaccines, and subsequently reduce the incidence rates of reinfection-associated COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somayeh Yazdanparast
- Student Research Committee, Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Bakhtiyaridovvombaygi
- Student Research Committee, Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Mikanik
- Student Research Committee, Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Reza Ahmadi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Infectious Diseases Center, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ghorbani
- Laboratory Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Department of Pathology, Faculty Medicine, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran.
| | | | - Mozhgan Mansoorian
- Nursing Research Center, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran
| | - Hamid Chegni
- Department of Immunology, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jalil Moshari
- School of Medicine, Gonabad University of Medical Science, Gonabad, Iran
| | - Ahmad Gharehbaghian
- Department of Hematology and Blood Bank, School of Allied Medical Science, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran; Pediatric Congenital Hematologic Disorders Research Center, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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7
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Smadi M, Kaburis M, Schnapper Y, Reina G, Molero P, Molendijk ML. SARS-CoV-2 susceptibility and COVID-19 illness course and outcome in people with pre-existing neurodegenerative disorders: systematic review with frequentist and Bayesian meta-analyses. Br J Psychiatry 2023:1-14. [PMID: 37183681 DOI: 10.1192/bjp.2023.43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND People with neurodegenerative disease and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) may have an elevated risk of acquiring severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and may be disproportionally affected by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) once infected. AIMS To review all eligible studies and quantify the strength of associations between various pre-existing neurodegenerative disorders and both SARS-CoV-2 susceptibility and COVID-19 illness course and outcome. METHOD Pre-registered systematic review with frequentist and Bayesian meta-analyses. Systematic searches were executed in PubMed, Web of Science and preprint servers. The final search date was 9 January 2023. Odds ratios (ORs) were used as measures of effect. RESULTS In total, 136 primary studies (total sample size n = 97 643 494), reporting on 268 effect-size estimates, met the inclusion criteria. The odds for a positive SARS-CoV-2 test result were increased for people with pre-existing dementia (OR = 1.83, 95% CI 1.16-2.87), Alzheimer's disease (OR = 2.86, 95% CI 1.44-5.66) and Parkinson's disease (OR = 1.65, 95% CI 1.34-2.04). People with pre-existing dementia were more likely to experience a relatively severe COVID-19 course, once infected (OR = 1.43, 95% CI 1.00-2.03). People with pre-existing dementia or Alzheimer's disease were at increased risk for COVID-19-related hospital admission (pooled OR range: 1.60-3.72). Intensive care unit admission rates were relatively low for people with dementia (OR = 0.54, 95% CI 0.40-0.74). All neurodegenerative disorders, including MCI, were at higher risk for COVID-19-related mortality (pooled OR range: 1.56-2.27). CONCLUSIONS Our findings confirm that, in general, people with neurodegenerative disease and MCI are at a disproportionally high risk of contracting COVID-19 and have a poor outcome once infected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhannad Smadi
- Institute of Psychology, Department of Clinical Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Melina Kaburis
- Institute of Psychology, Department of Clinical Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Youval Schnapper
- Institute of Psychology, Department of Clinical Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Gabriel Reina
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain; and Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Department of Microbiology, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Patricio Molero
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain; and Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Department of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Marc L Molendijk
- Institute of Psychology, Department of Clinical Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands; and Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
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8
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Chen F, Chen Y, Ke Q, Wang Y, Gong Z, Chen X, Cai Y, Li S, Sun Y, Peng X, Ji Y, Zhang T, Wu W, Cui L, Wang Y. ApoE4 associated with severe COVID-19 outcomes via downregulation of ACE2 and imbalanced RAS pathway. J Transl Med 2023; 21:103. [PMID: 36759834 PMCID: PMC9910247 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-03945-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent numerous epidemiology and clinical association studies reported that ApoE polymorphism might be associated with the risk and severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and yielded inconsistent results. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection relies on its spike protein binding to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor expressed on host cell membranes. METHODS A meta-analysis was conducted to clarify the association between ApoE polymorphism and the risk and severity of COVID-19. Multiple protein interaction assays were utilized to investigate the potential molecular link between ApoE and the SARS-CoV-2 primary receptor ACE2, ApoE and spike protein. Immunoblotting and immunofluorescence staining methods were used to access the regulatory effect of different ApoE isoform on ACE2 protein expression. RESULTS ApoE gene polymorphism (ε4 carrier genotypes VS non-ε4 carrier genotypes) is associated with the increased risk (P = 0.0003, OR = 1.44, 95% CI 1.18-1.76) and progression (P < 0.00001, OR = 1.85, 95% CI 1.50-2.28) of COVID-19. ApoE interacts with both ACE2 and the spike protein but did not show isoform-dependent binding effects. ApoE4 significantly downregulates ACE2 protein expression in vitro and in vivo and subsequently decreases the conversion of Ang II to Ang 1-7. CONCLUSIONS ApoE4 increases SARS-CoV-2 infectivity in a manner that may not depend on differential interactions with the spike protein or ACE2. Instead, ApoE4 downregulates ACE2 protein expression and subsequently the dysregulation of renin-angiotensin system (RAS) may provide explanation by which ApoE4 exacerbates COVID-19 disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Chen
- grid.410560.60000 0004 1760 3078Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China ,grid.419010.d0000 0004 1792 7072Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province Kunming Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan China
| | - Yanting Chen
- grid.410560.60000 0004 1760 3078Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China ,grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223Department of Neurology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qiongwei Ke
- grid.410560.60000 0004 1760 3078Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Yongxiang Wang
- grid.410560.60000 0004 1760 3078Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Zheng Gong
- grid.410560.60000 0004 1760 3078Institute of Laboratory Animal Center, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Xiongjin Chen
- grid.410560.60000 0004 1760 3078Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Yujie Cai
- grid.410560.60000 0004 1760 3078Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Shengnan Li
- grid.410560.60000 0004 1760 3078Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Yuanhong Sun
- grid.266871.c0000 0000 9765 6057Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX USA
| | - Xiaoping Peng
- grid.410560.60000 0004 1760 3078Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Yao Ji
- grid.410560.60000 0004 1760 3078Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Tianzhen Zhang
- grid.410560.60000 0004 1760 3078Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Wenxian Wu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China. .,Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China. .,Shenzhen Research Institute, Shandong University, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Lili Cui
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China.
| | - Yan Wang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China.
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Host Genetic Variants Linked to COVID-19 Neurological Complications and Susceptibility in Young Adults-A Preliminary Analysis. J Pers Med 2023; 13:jpm13010123. [PMID: 36675784 PMCID: PMC9860613 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13010123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
To date, multiple efforts have been made to use genome-wide association studies (GWAS) to untangle the genetic basis for SARS-CoV-2 infection susceptibility and severe COVID-19. However, data on the genetic-related effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection on the presence of accompanying and long-term post-COVID-19 neurological symptoms in younger individuals remain absent. We aimed to examine the possible association between SNPs found in a GWAS of COVID-19 outcomes and three phenotypes: SARS-CoV-2 infection, neurological complications during disease progression, and long-term neurological complications in young adults with a mild-to-moderate disease course. University students (N = 336, age 18-25 years, European ancestry) with or without COVID-19 and neurological symptoms in anamnesis comprised the study sample. Logistic regression was performed with COVID-19-related phenotypes as outcomes, and the top 25 SNPs from GWAS meta-analyses and an MR study linking COVID-19 and cognitive deficits were found. We replicated previously reported associations of the FURIN and SLC6A20 gene variants (OR = 2.36, 95% CI 1.31-4.24) and OR = 1.94, 95% CI 1.08-3.49, respectively) and remaining neurological complications (OR = 2.12, 95% CI 1.10-4.35 for SLC6A20), while NR1H2 (OR = 2.99, 95% CI 1.39-6.69) and TMPRSS2 (OR = 2.03, 95% CI 1.19-3.50) SNPs were associated with neurological symptoms accompanying COVID-19. Our findings indicate that genetic variants related to a severe COVID-19 course in adults may contribute to the occurrence of neurological repercussions in individuals at a young age.
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10
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Wisniewski T, Masurkar AV. Gait dysfunction in Alzheimer disease. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2023; 196:267-274. [PMID: 37620073 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-98817-9.00013-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of age-associated dementia and will exponentially rise in prevalence in the coming decades, supporting the parallel development of the early stage detection and disease-modifying strategies. While primarily considered as a cognitive disorder, AD also features motor symptoms, primarily gait dysfunction. Such gait abnormalities can be phenotyped across classic clinical syndromes as well as by quantitative kinematic assessments to address subtle dysfunction at preclinical and prodromal stages. As such, certain measures of gait can predict the future cognitive and functional decline. Moreover, cross-sectional and longitudinal studies have associated gait abnormalities with imaging, biofluid, and genetic markers of AD across all stages. This suggests that gait assessment is an important tool in the clinical assessment of patients across the AD spectrum, especially to help identify at-risk individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Wisniewski
- Department of Neurology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States; Department of Pathology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States; Department of Psychiatry, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States; Division of Cognitive Neurology, Center for Cognitive Neurology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States.
| | - Arjun V Masurkar
- Department of Neurology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States; Division of Cognitive Neurology, Center for Cognitive Neurology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
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11
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Li P, Ke Y, Shen W, Shi S, Wang Y, Lin K, Guo X, Wang C, Zhang Y, Zhao Z. Targeted screening of genetic associations with COVID-19 susceptibility and severity. Front Genet 2022; 13:1073880. [PMID: 36531218 PMCID: PMC9747945 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.1073880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in great morbidity and mortality worldwide and human genetic factors have been implicated in the susceptibility and severity of COVID-19. However, few replicate researches have been performed, and studies on associated genes mainly focused on genic regions while regulatory regions were a lack of in-depth dissection. Here, based on previously reported associated variants and genes, we designed a capture panel covering 1,238 candidate variants and 25 regulatory regions of 19 candidate genes and targeted-sequenced 96 mild and 145 severe COVID-19 patients. Genetic association analysis was conducted between mild and severe COVID-19 patients, between all COVID-19 patients and general population, or between severe COVID-19 patients and general population. A total of 49 variants were confirmed to be associated with susceptibility or severity of COVID-19 (p < 0.05), corresponding to 18 independent loci. Specifically, rs1799964 in the promoter of inflammation-related gene TNF, rs9975538 in the intron of interferon receptor gene IFNAR2, rs429358 in the exon of APOE, rs1886814 in the intron of FOXP4-AS1 and a list of variants in the widely reported 3p21.31 and ABO gene were confirmed. It is worth noting that, for the confirmed variants, the phenotypes of the cases and controls were highly consistent between our study and previous reports, and the confirmed variants identified between mild and severe patients were quite different from those identified between patients and general population, suggesting the genetic basis of susceptibility and severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection might be quite different. Moreover, we newly identified 67 significant associated variants in the 12 regulatory regions of 11 candidate genes (p < 0.05). Further annotation by RegulomeDB database and GTEx eQTL data filtered out two variants (rs11246060 and rs28655829) in the enhancer of broad-spectrum antiviral gene IFITM3 that might affect disease severity by regulating the gene expression. Collectively, we confirmed a list of previously reported variants and identified novel regulatory variants associated with susceptibility and severity of COVID-19, which might provide biological and clinical insights into COVID-19 pathogenesis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Li
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
| | - Yuehua Ke
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention of PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Wenlong Shen
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
| | - Shu Shi
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
| | - Yahao Wang
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
| | - Kailin Lin
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Xinjie Guo
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
| | - Changjun Wang
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention of PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
| | - Zhihu Zhao
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
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12
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Ostendorf BN, Patel MA, Bilanovic J, Hoffmann HH, Carrasco SE, Rice CM, Tavazoie SF. Common human genetic variants of APOE impact murine COVID-19 mortality. Nature 2022; 611:346-351. [PMID: 36130725 PMCID: PMC10957240 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05344-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Clinical outcomes of severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection are highly heterogeneous, ranging from asymptomatic infection to lethal coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The factors underlying this heterogeneity remain insufficiently understood. Genetic association studies have suggested that genetic variants contribute to the heterogeneity of COVID-19 outcomes, but the underlying potential causal mechanisms are insufficiently understood. Here we show that common variants of the apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene, homozygous in approximately 3% of the world's population1 and associated with Alzheimer's disease, atherosclerosis and anti-tumour immunity2-5, affect COVID-19 outcome in a mouse model that recapitulates increased susceptibility conferred by male sex and advanced age. Mice bearing the APOE2 or APOE4 variant exhibited rapid disease progression and poor survival outcomes relative to mice bearing the most prevalent APOE3 allele. APOE2 and APOE4 mice exhibited increased viral loads as well as suppressed adaptive immune responses early after infection. In vitro assays demonstrated increased infection in the presence of APOE2 and APOE4 relative to APOE3, indicating that differential outcomes are mediated by differential effects of APOE variants on both viral infection and antiviral immunity. Consistent with these in vivo findings in mice, our results also show that APOE genotype is associated with survival in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 in the UK Biobank (candidate variant analysis, P = 2.6 × 10-7). Our findings suggest APOE genotype to partially explain the heterogeneity of COVID-19 outcomes and warrant prospective studies to assess APOE genotyping as a means of identifying patients at high risk for adverse outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin N Ostendorf
- Laboratory of Systems Cancer Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Tumor Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
- Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology (BIMSB), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Mira A Patel
- Laboratory of Systems Cancer Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jana Bilanovic
- Laboratory of Systems Cancer Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - H-Heinrich Hoffmann
- Laboratory of Virology and Infectious Disease, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sebastian E Carrasco
- Laboratory of Comparative Pathology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, and Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Charles M Rice
- Laboratory of Virology and Infectious Disease, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sohail F Tavazoie
- Laboratory of Systems Cancer Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA.
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13
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de Erausquin GA, Snyder H, Brugha TS, Seshadri S, Carrillo M, Sagar R, Huang Y, Newton C, Tartaglia C, Teunissen C, Håkanson K, Akinyemi R, Prasad K, D'Avossa G, Gonzalez‐Aleman G, Hosseini A, Vavougios GD, Sachdev P, Bankart J, Mors NPO, Lipton R, Katz M, Fox PT, Katshu MZ, Iyengar MS, Weinstein G, Sohrabi HR, Jenkins R, Stein DJ, Hugon J, Mavreas V, Blangero J, Cruchaga C, Krishna M, Wadoo O, Becerra R, Zwir I, Longstreth WT, Kroenenberg G, Edison P, Mukaetova‐Ladinska E, Staufenberg E, Figueredo‐Aguiar M, Yécora A, Vaca F, Zamponi HP, Re VL, Majid A, Sundarakumar J, Gonzalez HM, Geerlings MI, Skoog I, Salmoiraghi A, Boneschi FM, Patel VN, Santos JM, Arroyo GR, Moreno AC, Felix P, Gallo C, Arai H, Yamada M, Iwatsubo T, Sharma M, Chakraborty N, Ferreccio C, Akena D, Brayne C, Maestre G, Blangero SW, Brusco LI, Siddarth P, Hughes TM, Zuñiga AR, Kambeitz J, Laza AR, Allen N, Panos S, Merrill D, Ibáñez A, Tsuang D, Valishvili N, Shrestha S, Wang S, Padma V, Anstey KJ, Ravindrdanath V, Blennow K, Mullins P, Łojek E, Pria A, Mosley TH, Gowland P, Girard TD, Bowtell R, Vahidy FS. Chronic neuropsychiatric sequelae of SARS-CoV-2: Protocol and methods from the Alzheimer's Association Global Consortium. ALZHEIMER'S & DEMENTIA (NEW YORK, N. Y.) 2022; 8:e12348. [PMID: 36185993 PMCID: PMC9494609 DOI: 10.1002/trc2.12348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused >3.5 million deaths worldwide and affected >160 million people. At least twice as many have been infected but remained asymptomatic or minimally symptomatic. COVID-19 includes central nervous system manifestations mediated by inflammation and cerebrovascular, anoxic, and/or viral neurotoxicity mechanisms. More than one third of patients with COVID-19 develop neurologic problems during the acute phase of the illness, including loss of sense of smell or taste, seizures, and stroke. Damage or functional changes to the brain may result in chronic sequelae. The risk of incident cognitive and neuropsychiatric complications appears independent from the severity of the original pulmonary illness. It behooves the scientific and medical community to attempt to understand the molecular and/or systemic factors linking COVID-19 to neurologic illness, both short and long term. Methods This article describes what is known so far in terms of links among COVID-19, the brain, neurological symptoms, and Alzheimer's disease (AD) and related dementias. We focus on risk factors and possible molecular, inflammatory, and viral mechanisms underlying neurological injury. We also provide a comprehensive description of the Alzheimer's Association Consortium on Chronic Neuropsychiatric Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (CNS SC2) harmonized methodology to address these questions using a worldwide network of researchers and institutions. Results Successful harmonization of designs and methods was achieved through a consensus process initially fragmented by specific interest groups (epidemiology, clinical assessments, cognitive evaluation, biomarkers, and neuroimaging). Conclusions from subcommittees were presented to the whole group and discussed extensively. Presently data collection is ongoing at 19 sites in 12 countries representing Asia, Africa, the Americas, and Europe. Discussion The Alzheimer's Association Global Consortium harmonized methodology is proposed as a model to study long-term neurocognitive sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Key Points The following review describes what is known so far in terms of molecular and epidemiological links among COVID-19, the brain, neurological symptoms, and AD and related dementias (ADRD)The primary objective of this large-scale collaboration is to clarify the pathogenesis of ADRD and to advance our understanding of the impact of a neurotropic virus on the long-term risk of cognitive decline and other CNS sequelae. No available evidence supports the notion that cognitive impairment after SARS-CoV-2 infection is a form of dementia (ADRD or otherwise). The longitudinal methodologies espoused by the consortium are intended to provide data to answer this question as clearly as possible controlling for possible confounders. Our specific hypothesis is that SARS-CoV-2 triggers ADRD-like pathology following the extended olfactory cortical network (EOCN) in older individuals with specific genetic susceptibility.The proposed harmonization strategies and flexible study designs offer the possibility to include large samples of under-represented racial and ethnic groups, creating a rich set of harmonized cohorts for future studies of the pathophysiology, determinants, long-term consequences, and trends in cognitive aging, ADRD, and vascular disease.We provide a framework for current and future studies to be carried out within the Consortium. and offers a "green paper" to the research community with a very broad, global base of support, on tools suitable for low- and middle-income countries aimed to compare and combine future longitudinal data on the topic.The Consortium proposes a combination of design and statistical methods as a means of approaching causal inference of the COVID-19 neuropsychiatric sequelae. We expect that deep phenotyping of neuropsychiatric sequelae may provide a series of candidate syndromes with phenomenological and biological characterization that can be further explored. By generating high-quality harmonized data across sites we aim to capture both descriptive and, where possible, causal associations.
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14
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Chen F, Chen Y, Wang Y, Ke Q, Cui L. The COVID-19 pandemic and Alzheimer’s disease: mutual risks and mechanisms. Transl Neurodegener 2022; 11:40. [PMID: 36089575 PMCID: PMC9464468 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-022-00316-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is a life-threatening disease, especially in elderly individuals and those with comorbidities. The predominant clinical manifestation of COVID-19 is respiratory dysfunction, while neurological presentations are increasingly being recognized. SARS-CoV-2 invades host cells primarily via attachment of the spike protein to the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor expressed on cell membranes. Patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) are more susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection and prone to severe clinical outcomes. Recent studies have revealed some common risk factors for AD and COVID-19. An understanding of the association between COVID-19 and AD and the potential related mechanisms may lead to the development of novel approaches to treating both diseases. In the present review, we first summarize the mechanisms by which SARS-CoV-2 invades the central nervous system (CNS) and then discuss the associations and potential shared key factors between COVID-19 and AD, with a focus on the ACE2 receptor, apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotype, age, and neuroinflammation.
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15
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Safdari Lord J, Soltani Rezaiezadeh J, Yekaninejad MS, Izadi P. The association of APOE genotype with COVID-19 disease severity. Sci Rep 2022; 12:13483. [PMID: 35931737 PMCID: PMC9356041 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-17262-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 has caused the recent pandemic of respiratory infection, which threatened global health. The severity of the symptoms varies among affected individuals, from asymptotic or mild signs to severe or critical illness. Genetic predisposition explains the variation in disease severity among patients who suffer from severe symptoms without any known background risk factors. The present study was performed to show the association between APOE genotype and the severity of COVID-19 disease. The APOE genotype of 201 COVID-19 patients (101 patients with asymptomatic to mild form of the disease as the control group and 100 patients with severe to critical illness without any known background risk factors as the case group) were detected via multiplex tetra-primer ARMS-PCR method. Results showed that the e4 allele increased the risk of the COVID-19 infection severity more than five times and the e4/e4 genotype showed a 17-fold increase in the risk of severe disease. In conclusion, since our study design was based on the exclusion of patients with underlying diseases predisposing to severe form of COVID-19 and diseases related to the APOE gene in the study population, our results showed that the e4 genotype is independently associated with the severity of COVID-19 disease. However, further studies are needed to confirm these findings in other nations and to demonstrate the mechanisms behind the role of these alleles in disease severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javad Safdari Lord
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Javad Soltani Rezaiezadeh
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mir Saeed Yekaninejad
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pantea Izadi
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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16
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Sirin S, Nigdelioglu Dolanbay S, Aslim B. The relationship of early- and late-onset Alzheimer’s disease genes with COVID-19. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2022; 129:847-859. [PMID: 35429259 PMCID: PMC9012910 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-022-02499-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Individuals with Alzheimer’s disease and other neurodegenerative diseases have been exposed to excess risk by the COVID-19 pandemic. COVID-19’s main manifestations include high body temperature, dry cough, and exhaustion. Nevertheless, some affected individuals may have an atypical presentation at diagnosis but suffer neurological signs and symptoms as the first disease manifestation. These findings collectively show the neurotropic nature of SARS-CoV-2 virus and its ability to involve the central nervous system. In addition, Alzheimer’s disease and COVID-19 has a number of common risk factors and comorbid conditions including age, sex, hypertension, diabetes, and the expression of APOE ε4. Until now, a plethora of studies have examined the COVID-19 disease but only a few studies has yet examined the relationship of COVID-19 and Alzheimer’s disease as risk factors of each other. This review emphasizes the recently published evidence on the role of the genes of early- or late-onset Alzheimer’s disease in the susceptibility of individuals currently suffering or recovered from COVID-19 to Alzheimer’s disease or in the susceptibility of individuals at risk of or with Alzheimer’s disease to COVID-19 or increased COVID-19 severity and mortality. Furthermore, the present review also draws attention to other uninvestigated early- and late-onset Alzheimer’s disease genes to elucidate the relationship between this multifactorial disease and COVID-19.
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17
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Abstract
Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by a newly discovered coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). There is growing evidence that host genetics play an important role in COVID-19 severity. Based on current knowledge about the human protein machinery for SARS-CoV-2 entry, the host innate immune response, and virus-host interactions, the potential effects of human genetic polymorphisms, which may contribute to clinical differences in SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis, may help to determine the individual risk for COVID-19 infection and outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joris R Delanghe
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Marijn M Speeckaert
- Department of Nephrology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium; Research Foundation-Flanders (FWO), Brussels, Belgium
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18
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Lima FB, Bezerra KC, Nascimento JCR, Meneses GC, Oriá RB. Risk Factors for Severe COVID-19 and Hepatitis C Infections: The Dual Role of Apolipoprotein E4. Front Immunol 2022; 13:721793. [PMID: 35359998 PMCID: PMC8962614 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.721793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Felipe B. Lima
- Laboratory of Tissue Healing, Ontogeny and Nutrition, Department of Morphology, School of Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Brazil
- Division of Anesthesiology, Hospital Geral de Fortaleza, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Karine C. Bezerra
- Laboratory of Tissue Healing, Ontogeny and Nutrition, Department of Morphology, School of Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - José Carlos R. Nascimento
- Laboratory of Tissue Healing, Ontogeny and Nutrition, Department of Morphology, School of Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Brazil
- Division of Anesthesiology, Hospital Geral de Fortaleza, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Gdayllon C. Meneses
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Reinaldo B. Oriá
- Laboratory of Tissue Healing, Ontogeny and Nutrition, Department of Morphology, School of Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Reinaldo B. Oriá,
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19
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Shen Z, Ratia K, Cooper L, Kong D, Lee H, Kwon Y, Li Y, Alqarni S, Huang F, Dubrovskyi O, Rong L, Thatcher G, Xiong R. Design of SARS-CoV-2 PLpro Inhibitors for COVID-19 Antiviral Therapy Leveraging Binding Cooperativity. J Med Chem 2022; 65:2940-2955. [PMID: 34665619 PMCID: PMC8547495 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Antiviral agents that complement vaccination are urgently needed to end the COVID-19 pandemic. The SARS-CoV-2 papain-like protease (PLpro), one of only two essential cysteine proteases that regulate viral replication, also dysregulates host immune sensing by binding and deubiquitination of host protein substrates. PLpro is a promising therapeutic target, albeit challenging owing to featureless P1 and P2 sites recognizing glycine. To overcome this challenge, we leveraged the cooperativity of multiple shallow binding sites on the PLpro surface, yielding novel 2-phenylthiophenes with nanomolar inhibitory potency. New cocrystal structures confirmed that ligand binding induces new interactions with PLpro: by closing of the BL2 loop of PLpro forming a novel "BL2 groove" and by mimicking the binding interaction of ubiquitin with Glu167 of PLpro. Together, this binding cooperativity translates to the most potent PLpro inhibitors reported to date, with slow off-rates, improved binding affinities, and low micromolar antiviral potency in SARS-CoV-2-infected human cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengnan Shen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC), Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
- UICentre (Drug Discovery @ UIC), University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC), Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Kiira Ratia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC), Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
- Research Resources Center, University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC), Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Laura Cooper
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC), Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC), Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Deyu Kong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC), Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
- UICentre (Drug Discovery @ UIC), University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC), Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Hyun Lee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC), Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
- Research Resources Center, University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC), Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Youngjin Kwon
- Research Resources Center, University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC), Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Yangfeng Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC), Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
- UICentre (Drug Discovery @ UIC), University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC), Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Saad Alqarni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC), Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Fei Huang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC), Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
- UICentre (Drug Discovery @ UIC), University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC), Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Oleksii Dubrovskyi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC), Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
- UICentre (Drug Discovery @ UIC), University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC), Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Lijun Rong
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC), Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Gregory Thatcher
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC), Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Rui Xiong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC), Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
- UICentre (Drug Discovery @ UIC), University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC), Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
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20
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Kurki SN, Kantonen J, Kaivola K, Hokkanen L, Mäyränpää MI, Puttonen H, Martola J, Pöyhönen M, Kero M, Tuimala J, Carpén O, Kantele A, Vapalahti O, Tiainen M, Tienari PJ, Kaila K, Hästbacka J, Myllykangas L. APOE ε4 associates with increased risk of severe COVID-19, cerebral microhaemorrhages and post-COVID mental fatigue: a Finnish biobank, autopsy and clinical study. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2021; 9:199. [PMID: 34949230 PMCID: PMC8696243 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-021-01302-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Apolipoprotein E ε4 allele (APOE4) has been shown to associate with increased susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 mortality in some previous genetic studies, but information on the role of APOE4 on the underlying pathology and parallel clinical manifestations is scarce. Here we studied the genetic association between APOE and COVID-19 in Finnish biobank, autopsy and prospective clinical cohort datasets. In line with previous work, our data on 2611 cases showed that APOE4 carriership associates with severe COVID-19 in intensive care patients compared with non-infected population controls after matching for age, sex and cardiovascular disease status. Histopathological examination of brain autopsy material of 21 COVID-19 cases provided evidence that perivascular microhaemorrhages are more prevalent in APOE4 carriers. Finally, our analysis of post-COVID fatigue in a prospective clinical cohort of 156 subjects revealed that APOE4 carriership independently associates with higher mental fatigue compared to non-carriers at six months after initial illness. In conclusion, the present data on Finns suggests that APOE4 is a risk factor for severe COVID-19 and post-COVID mental fatigue and provides the first indication that some of this effect could be mediated via increased cerebrovascular damage. Further studies in larger cohorts and animal models are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samu N. Kurki
- Molecular and Integrative Biosciences and Neuroscience Center (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jonas Kantonen
- Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Pathology, HUS Diagnostic Center, Helsinki University Hospital, POB 21, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Karri Kaivola
- Translational Immunology, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Laura Hokkanen
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mikko I. Mäyränpää
- Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Pathology, HUS Diagnostic Center, Helsinki University Hospital, POB 21, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Henri Puttonen
- Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Pathology, HUS Diagnostic Center, Helsinki University Hospital, POB 21, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - FinnGen
- Molecular and Integrative Biosciences and Neuroscience Center (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Pathology, HUS Diagnostic Center, Helsinki University Hospital, POB 21, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Translational Immunology, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Radiology, Medical Imaging Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Clinical Genetics, HUS Diagnostic Center, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Meilahti Infectious Diseases and Vaccine Research Center MeVac, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Human Microbiome Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Virology, University of Helsinki, and HUS Diagnostic Center, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Neurology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Division of Intensive Care, Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, Intensive Care Unit, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Haartmaninkatu 4, P.O. Box 340, 00029 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Juha Martola
- Department of Radiology, Medical Imaging Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Minna Pöyhönen
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Clinical Genetics, HUS Diagnostic Center, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mia Kero
- Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Pathology, HUS Diagnostic Center, Helsinki University Hospital, POB 21, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jarno Tuimala
- Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Olli Carpén
- Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Pathology, HUS Diagnostic Center, Helsinki University Hospital, POB 21, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anu Kantele
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Meilahti Infectious Diseases and Vaccine Research Center MeVac, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Human Microbiome Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Olli Vapalahti
- Department of Virology, University of Helsinki, and HUS Diagnostic Center, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marjaana Tiainen
- Department of Neurology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pentti J. Tienari
- Translational Immunology, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kai Kaila
- Molecular and Integrative Biosciences and Neuroscience Center (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Johanna Hästbacka
- Division of Intensive Care, Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, Intensive Care Unit, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Haartmaninkatu 4, P.O. Box 340, 00029 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Liisa Myllykangas
- Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Pathology, HUS Diagnostic Center, Helsinki University Hospital, POB 21, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
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21
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Hubacek JA. Effects of selected inherited factors on susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 progression. Physiol Res 2021; 70:S125-S134. [PMID: 34913347 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.934730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic predispositions may influence geographical and interethnic differences in COVID-19 prevalence and mortality in affected populations. Of the many genes implicated in COVID-19 progression, a substantial number have no direct functional link on virus transfer/viability or on the host immune system. To address this knowledge deficit, a large number of in silico studies have recently been published. However, the results of these studies often contradict the findings of studies involving real patients. For example, the ACE2 has been shown to play an important role in regulating coronavirus entry into cells, but none of its variations have been directly associated with COVID-19 susceptibility or severity. Consistently was reported that increased risk of COVID-19 is associated with blood group A and with the APOE4 allele. Among other genes with potential impacts are the genes for CCR5, IL-10, CD14, TMPRSS2 and angiotensin-converting enzyme. Variants within the protein-coding genes OAS1 and LZTFL1 (transferred to the human genome from Neanderthals) are understood to be among the strongest predictors of disease severity. The intensive research efforts have helped to identify the genes and polymorphisms that contribute to SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Hubacek
- Experimental Medicine Centre, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague 4, Czech Republic.
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22
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de Rojas I, Hernández I, Montrreal L, Quintela I, Calero M, Royo JL, Huerto Vilas R, González-Pérez A, Franco-Macías E, Macías J, Menéndez-González M, Frank-García A, Diez-Fairen M, Lage C, García-Madrona S, Aguilera N, García-González P, Puerta R, Sotolongo-Grau O, Alonso-Lana S, Rábano A, Arias Pastor A, Pastor AB, Corma-Gómez A, Martín Montes A, Martínez Rodríguez C, Buiza-Rueda D, Periñán MT, Rodriguez-Rodriguez E, Alvarez I, Rosas Allende I, Pineda JA, Bernal Sánchez-Arjona M, Fernández-Fuertes M, Mendoza S, del Ser T, Garcia-Ribas G, Sánchez-Juan P, Pastor P, Bullido MJ, Álvarez V, Real LM, Mir P, Piñol-Ripoll G, García-Alberca JM, Medina M, Orellana A, Butler CR, Marquié M, Sáez ME, Carracedo Á, Tárraga L, Boada M, Ruiz A. Genomic Characterization of Host Factors Related to SARS-CoV-2 Infection in People with Dementia and Control Populations: The GR@ACE/DEGESCO Study. J Pers Med 2021; 11:1318. [PMID: 34945790 PMCID: PMC8708271 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11121318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging studies have suggested several chromosomal regions as potential host genetic factors involved in the susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection and disease outcome. We nested a COVID-19 genome-wide association study using the GR@ACE/DEGESCO study, searching for susceptibility factors associated with COVID-19 disease. To this end, we compared 221 COVID-19 confirmed cases with 17,035 individuals in whom the COVID-19 disease status was unknown. Then, we performed a meta-analysis with the publicly available data from the COVID-19 Host Genetics Initiative. Because the APOE locus has been suggested as a potential modifier of COVID-19 disease, we added sensitivity analyses stratifying by dementia status or by disease severity. We confirmed the existence of the 3p21.31 region (LZTFL1, SLC6A20) implicated in the susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection and TYK2 gene might be involved in COVID-19 severity. Nevertheless, no statistically significant association was observed in the COVID-19 fatal outcome or in the stratified analyses (dementia-only and non-dementia strata) for the APOE locus not supporting its involvement in SARS-CoV-2 pathobiology or COVID-19 prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itziar de Rojas
- Research Center and Memory Clinic, Ace Alzheimer Center Barcelona—Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 08017 Barcelona, Spain; (I.d.R.); (I.H.); (L.M.); (N.A.); (P.G.-G.); (R.P.); (O.S.-G.); (S.A.-L.); (A.O.); (C.R.B.); (M.M.); (L.T.); (M.B.)
- CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, 28220 Madrid, Spain; (M.C.); (A.F.-G.); (C.L.); (A.R.); (A.M.M.); (D.B.-R.); (M.T.P.); (E.R.-R.); (P.S.-J.); (M.J.B.); (P.M.); (J.M.G.-A.); (M.M.)
| | - Isabel Hernández
- Research Center and Memory Clinic, Ace Alzheimer Center Barcelona—Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 08017 Barcelona, Spain; (I.d.R.); (I.H.); (L.M.); (N.A.); (P.G.-G.); (R.P.); (O.S.-G.); (S.A.-L.); (A.O.); (C.R.B.); (M.M.); (L.T.); (M.B.)
- CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, 28220 Madrid, Spain; (M.C.); (A.F.-G.); (C.L.); (A.R.); (A.M.M.); (D.B.-R.); (M.T.P.); (E.R.-R.); (P.S.-J.); (M.J.B.); (P.M.); (J.M.G.-A.); (M.M.)
| | - Laura Montrreal
- Research Center and Memory Clinic, Ace Alzheimer Center Barcelona—Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 08017 Barcelona, Spain; (I.d.R.); (I.H.); (L.M.); (N.A.); (P.G.-G.); (R.P.); (O.S.-G.); (S.A.-L.); (A.O.); (C.R.B.); (M.M.); (L.T.); (M.B.)
| | - Inés Quintela
- Grupo de Medicina Xenómica, Centro Nacional de Genotipado (CEGEN-PRB3-ISCIII), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15705 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (I.Q.); (Á.C.)
| | - Miguel Calero
- CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, 28220 Madrid, Spain; (M.C.); (A.F.-G.); (C.L.); (A.R.); (A.M.M.); (D.B.-R.); (M.T.P.); (E.R.-R.); (P.S.-J.); (M.J.B.); (P.M.); (J.M.G.-A.); (M.M.)
- UFIEC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28220 Madrid, Spain
- CIEN Foundation/Queen Sofia Foundation Alzheimer Center, 28220 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Jose Luís Royo
- Depatamento de Especialidades Quirúrgicas, Bioquímica e Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Málaga, 29016 Málaga, Spain;
| | - Raquel Huerto Vilas
- Unitat Trastorns Cognitius, Hospital Universitari Santa Maria de Lleida, 25198 Lleida, Spain; (R.H.V.); (A.A.P.); (G.P.-R.)
- Institut de Recerca Biomedica de Lleida (IRBLLeida), 25198 Lleida, Spain
| | - Antonio González-Pérez
- CAEBI, Centro Andaluz de Estudios Bioinformáticos, 41013 Sevilla, Spain; (A.G.-P.); (M.E.S.)
| | - Emilio Franco-Macías
- Unidad de Demencias, Servicio de Neurología y Neurofisiología, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, 41013 Sevilla, Spain; (E.F.-M.); (M.B.S.-A.)
| | - Juan Macías
- Unidad Clínica de Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología, Hospital Universitario de Valme, 41013 Sevilla, Spain; (J.M.); (A.C.-G.); (J.A.P.); (M.F.-F.); (L.M.R.)
| | - Manuel Menéndez-González
- Servicio de Neurología, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, 33011 Oviedo, Spain;
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Asturias, Spain; (C.M.R.); (I.R.A.); (V.Á.)
- Departamento de Medicina, Universidad de Oviedo, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Ana Frank-García
- CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, 28220 Madrid, Spain; (M.C.); (A.F.-G.); (C.L.); (A.R.); (A.M.M.); (D.B.-R.); (M.T.P.); (E.R.-R.); (P.S.-J.); (M.J.B.); (P.M.); (J.M.G.-A.); (M.M.)
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital La Paz-Universidad Autónoma-Madrid, 28046 Madrid, Spain
- University Hospital La Paz Research Institute (IdiPaz), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Mónica Diez-Fairen
- Fundació Docència i Recerca MútuaTerrassa, 08221 Terrassa, Spain; (M.D.-F.); (I.A.); (P.P.)
- Memory Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Mutua de Terrassa, 08221 Terrassa, Spain
| | - Carmen Lage
- CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, 28220 Madrid, Spain; (M.C.); (A.F.-G.); (C.L.); (A.R.); (A.M.M.); (D.B.-R.); (M.T.P.); (E.R.-R.); (P.S.-J.); (M.J.B.); (P.M.); (J.M.G.-A.); (M.M.)
- Neurology Service, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital (University of Cantabria and IDIVAL), 39008 Santander, Spain
| | | | - Nuria Aguilera
- Research Center and Memory Clinic, Ace Alzheimer Center Barcelona—Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 08017 Barcelona, Spain; (I.d.R.); (I.H.); (L.M.); (N.A.); (P.G.-G.); (R.P.); (O.S.-G.); (S.A.-L.); (A.O.); (C.R.B.); (M.M.); (L.T.); (M.B.)
| | - Pablo García-González
- Research Center and Memory Clinic, Ace Alzheimer Center Barcelona—Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 08017 Barcelona, Spain; (I.d.R.); (I.H.); (L.M.); (N.A.); (P.G.-G.); (R.P.); (O.S.-G.); (S.A.-L.); (A.O.); (C.R.B.); (M.M.); (L.T.); (M.B.)
- CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, 28220 Madrid, Spain; (M.C.); (A.F.-G.); (C.L.); (A.R.); (A.M.M.); (D.B.-R.); (M.T.P.); (E.R.-R.); (P.S.-J.); (M.J.B.); (P.M.); (J.M.G.-A.); (M.M.)
| | - Raquel Puerta
- Research Center and Memory Clinic, Ace Alzheimer Center Barcelona—Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 08017 Barcelona, Spain; (I.d.R.); (I.H.); (L.M.); (N.A.); (P.G.-G.); (R.P.); (O.S.-G.); (S.A.-L.); (A.O.); (C.R.B.); (M.M.); (L.T.); (M.B.)
| | - Oscar Sotolongo-Grau
- Research Center and Memory Clinic, Ace Alzheimer Center Barcelona—Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 08017 Barcelona, Spain; (I.d.R.); (I.H.); (L.M.); (N.A.); (P.G.-G.); (R.P.); (O.S.-G.); (S.A.-L.); (A.O.); (C.R.B.); (M.M.); (L.T.); (M.B.)
| | - Silvia Alonso-Lana
- Research Center and Memory Clinic, Ace Alzheimer Center Barcelona—Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 08017 Barcelona, Spain; (I.d.R.); (I.H.); (L.M.); (N.A.); (P.G.-G.); (R.P.); (O.S.-G.); (S.A.-L.); (A.O.); (C.R.B.); (M.M.); (L.T.); (M.B.)
| | - Alberto Rábano
- CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, 28220 Madrid, Spain; (M.C.); (A.F.-G.); (C.L.); (A.R.); (A.M.M.); (D.B.-R.); (M.T.P.); (E.R.-R.); (P.S.-J.); (M.J.B.); (P.M.); (J.M.G.-A.); (M.M.)
- CIEN Foundation/Queen Sofia Foundation Alzheimer Center, 28220 Madrid, Spain;
- Banco de Tejidos de la Fundación CIEN, 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alfonso Arias Pastor
- Unitat Trastorns Cognitius, Hospital Universitari Santa Maria de Lleida, 25198 Lleida, Spain; (R.H.V.); (A.A.P.); (G.P.-R.)
- Institut de Recerca Biomedica de Lleida (IRBLLeida), 25198 Lleida, Spain
| | - Ana Belén Pastor
- CIEN Foundation/Queen Sofia Foundation Alzheimer Center, 28220 Madrid, Spain;
- Banco de Tejidos de la Fundación CIEN, 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Anaïs Corma-Gómez
- Unidad Clínica de Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología, Hospital Universitario de Valme, 41013 Sevilla, Spain; (J.M.); (A.C.-G.); (J.A.P.); (M.F.-F.); (L.M.R.)
| | - Angel Martín Montes
- CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, 28220 Madrid, Spain; (M.C.); (A.F.-G.); (C.L.); (A.R.); (A.M.M.); (D.B.-R.); (M.T.P.); (E.R.-R.); (P.S.-J.); (M.J.B.); (P.M.); (J.M.G.-A.); (M.M.)
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital La Paz-Universidad Autónoma-Madrid, 28046 Madrid, Spain
- University Hospital La Paz Research Institute (IdiPaz), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Martínez Rodríguez
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Asturias, Spain; (C.M.R.); (I.R.A.); (V.Á.)
- Hospital de Cabueñes, 33394 Gijón, Spain
| | - Dolores Buiza-Rueda
- CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, 28220 Madrid, Spain; (M.C.); (A.F.-G.); (C.L.); (A.R.); (A.M.M.); (D.B.-R.); (M.T.P.); (E.R.-R.); (P.S.-J.); (M.J.B.); (P.M.); (J.M.G.-A.); (M.M.)
- Unidad de Trastornos del Movimiento, Servicio de Neurología y Neurofisiología, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Maria Teresa Periñán
- CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, 28220 Madrid, Spain; (M.C.); (A.F.-G.); (C.L.); (A.R.); (A.M.M.); (D.B.-R.); (M.T.P.); (E.R.-R.); (P.S.-J.); (M.J.B.); (P.M.); (J.M.G.-A.); (M.M.)
- Unidad de Trastornos del Movimiento, Servicio de Neurología y Neurofisiología, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Eloy Rodriguez-Rodriguez
- CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, 28220 Madrid, Spain; (M.C.); (A.F.-G.); (C.L.); (A.R.); (A.M.M.); (D.B.-R.); (M.T.P.); (E.R.-R.); (P.S.-J.); (M.J.B.); (P.M.); (J.M.G.-A.); (M.M.)
- Neurology Service, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital (University of Cantabria and IDIVAL), 39008 Santander, Spain
| | - Ignacio Alvarez
- Fundació Docència i Recerca MútuaTerrassa, 08221 Terrassa, Spain; (M.D.-F.); (I.A.); (P.P.)
- Memory Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Mutua de Terrassa, 08221 Terrassa, Spain
| | - Irene Rosas Allende
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Asturias, Spain; (C.M.R.); (I.R.A.); (V.Á.)
- Laboratorio de Genética, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Juan A. Pineda
- Unidad Clínica de Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología, Hospital Universitario de Valme, 41013 Sevilla, Spain; (J.M.); (A.C.-G.); (J.A.P.); (M.F.-F.); (L.M.R.)
| | - María Bernal Sánchez-Arjona
- Unidad de Demencias, Servicio de Neurología y Neurofisiología, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, 41013 Sevilla, Spain; (E.F.-M.); (M.B.S.-A.)
| | - Marta Fernández-Fuertes
- Unidad Clínica de Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología, Hospital Universitario de Valme, 41013 Sevilla, Spain; (J.M.); (A.C.-G.); (J.A.P.); (M.F.-F.); (L.M.R.)
| | - Silvia Mendoza
- Alzheimer Research Center & Memory Clinic, Andalusian Institute for Neuroscience, 29012 Málaga, Spain;
| | - Teodoro del Ser
- Department of Neurology/CIEN Foundation/Queen Sofia Foundation Alzheimer Center, 28220 Madrid, Spain;
| | | | | | - Pascual Sánchez-Juan
- CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, 28220 Madrid, Spain; (M.C.); (A.F.-G.); (C.L.); (A.R.); (A.M.M.); (D.B.-R.); (M.T.P.); (E.R.-R.); (P.S.-J.); (M.J.B.); (P.M.); (J.M.G.-A.); (M.M.)
- Neurology Service, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital (University of Cantabria and IDIVAL), 39008 Santander, Spain
| | - Pau Pastor
- Fundació Docència i Recerca MútuaTerrassa, 08221 Terrassa, Spain; (M.D.-F.); (I.A.); (P.P.)
- Memory Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Mutua de Terrassa, 08221 Terrassa, Spain
| | - María J. Bullido
- CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, 28220 Madrid, Spain; (M.C.); (A.F.-G.); (C.L.); (A.R.); (A.M.M.); (D.B.-R.); (M.T.P.); (E.R.-R.); (P.S.-J.); (M.J.B.); (P.M.); (J.M.G.-A.); (M.M.)
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (UAM-CSIC), 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria ‘Hospital la Paz’ (IdIPaz), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Victoria Álvarez
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Asturias, Spain; (C.M.R.); (I.R.A.); (V.Á.)
- Laboratorio de Genética, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Luis M. Real
- Unidad Clínica de Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología, Hospital Universitario de Valme, 41013 Sevilla, Spain; (J.M.); (A.C.-G.); (J.A.P.); (M.F.-F.); (L.M.R.)
| | - Pablo Mir
- CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, 28220 Madrid, Spain; (M.C.); (A.F.-G.); (C.L.); (A.R.); (A.M.M.); (D.B.-R.); (M.T.P.); (E.R.-R.); (P.S.-J.); (M.J.B.); (P.M.); (J.M.G.-A.); (M.M.)
- Unidad de Trastornos del Movimiento, Servicio de Neurología y Neurofisiología, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Gerard Piñol-Ripoll
- Unitat Trastorns Cognitius, Hospital Universitari Santa Maria de Lleida, 25198 Lleida, Spain; (R.H.V.); (A.A.P.); (G.P.-R.)
- Institut de Recerca Biomedica de Lleida (IRBLLeida), 25198 Lleida, Spain
| | - Jose María García-Alberca
- CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, 28220 Madrid, Spain; (M.C.); (A.F.-G.); (C.L.); (A.R.); (A.M.M.); (D.B.-R.); (M.T.P.); (E.R.-R.); (P.S.-J.); (M.J.B.); (P.M.); (J.M.G.-A.); (M.M.)
- Alzheimer Research Center & Memory Clinic, Andalusian Institute for Neuroscience, 29012 Málaga, Spain;
| | - Miguel Medina
- CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, 28220 Madrid, Spain; (M.C.); (A.F.-G.); (C.L.); (A.R.); (A.M.M.); (D.B.-R.); (M.T.P.); (E.R.-R.); (P.S.-J.); (M.J.B.); (P.M.); (J.M.G.-A.); (M.M.)
- CIEN Foundation/Queen Sofia Foundation Alzheimer Center, 28220 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Adelina Orellana
- Research Center and Memory Clinic, Ace Alzheimer Center Barcelona—Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 08017 Barcelona, Spain; (I.d.R.); (I.H.); (L.M.); (N.A.); (P.G.-G.); (R.P.); (O.S.-G.); (S.A.-L.); (A.O.); (C.R.B.); (M.M.); (L.T.); (M.B.)
- CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, 28220 Madrid, Spain; (M.C.); (A.F.-G.); (C.L.); (A.R.); (A.M.M.); (D.B.-R.); (M.T.P.); (E.R.-R.); (P.S.-J.); (M.J.B.); (P.M.); (J.M.G.-A.); (M.M.)
| | - Chris R. Butler
- Research Center and Memory Clinic, Ace Alzheimer Center Barcelona—Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 08017 Barcelona, Spain; (I.d.R.); (I.H.); (L.M.); (N.A.); (P.G.-G.); (R.P.); (O.S.-G.); (S.A.-L.); (A.O.); (C.R.B.); (M.M.); (L.T.); (M.B.)
- Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College, London SW7 2BX, UK
- Department of Neurology, Pontificia Universidad Católica, Santiago 340, Chile
| | - Marta Marquié
- Research Center and Memory Clinic, Ace Alzheimer Center Barcelona—Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 08017 Barcelona, Spain; (I.d.R.); (I.H.); (L.M.); (N.A.); (P.G.-G.); (R.P.); (O.S.-G.); (S.A.-L.); (A.O.); (C.R.B.); (M.M.); (L.T.); (M.B.)
- CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, 28220 Madrid, Spain; (M.C.); (A.F.-G.); (C.L.); (A.R.); (A.M.M.); (D.B.-R.); (M.T.P.); (E.R.-R.); (P.S.-J.); (M.J.B.); (P.M.); (J.M.G.-A.); (M.M.)
| | - María Eugenia Sáez
- CAEBI, Centro Andaluz de Estudios Bioinformáticos, 41013 Sevilla, Spain; (A.G.-P.); (M.E.S.)
| | - Ángel Carracedo
- Grupo de Medicina Xenómica, Centro Nacional de Genotipado (CEGEN-PRB3-ISCIII), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15705 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (I.Q.); (Á.C.)
- Fundación Pública Galega de Medicina Xenómica-CIBERER-IDIS, 15705 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Lluís Tárraga
- Research Center and Memory Clinic, Ace Alzheimer Center Barcelona—Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 08017 Barcelona, Spain; (I.d.R.); (I.H.); (L.M.); (N.A.); (P.G.-G.); (R.P.); (O.S.-G.); (S.A.-L.); (A.O.); (C.R.B.); (M.M.); (L.T.); (M.B.)
- CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, 28220 Madrid, Spain; (M.C.); (A.F.-G.); (C.L.); (A.R.); (A.M.M.); (D.B.-R.); (M.T.P.); (E.R.-R.); (P.S.-J.); (M.J.B.); (P.M.); (J.M.G.-A.); (M.M.)
| | - Mercè Boada
- Research Center and Memory Clinic, Ace Alzheimer Center Barcelona—Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 08017 Barcelona, Spain; (I.d.R.); (I.H.); (L.M.); (N.A.); (P.G.-G.); (R.P.); (O.S.-G.); (S.A.-L.); (A.O.); (C.R.B.); (M.M.); (L.T.); (M.B.)
- CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, 28220 Madrid, Spain; (M.C.); (A.F.-G.); (C.L.); (A.R.); (A.M.M.); (D.B.-R.); (M.T.P.); (E.R.-R.); (P.S.-J.); (M.J.B.); (P.M.); (J.M.G.-A.); (M.M.)
| | - Agustín Ruiz
- Research Center and Memory Clinic, Ace Alzheimer Center Barcelona—Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 08017 Barcelona, Spain; (I.d.R.); (I.H.); (L.M.); (N.A.); (P.G.-G.); (R.P.); (O.S.-G.); (S.A.-L.); (A.O.); (C.R.B.); (M.M.); (L.T.); (M.B.)
- CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, 28220 Madrid, Spain; (M.C.); (A.F.-G.); (C.L.); (A.R.); (A.M.M.); (D.B.-R.); (M.T.P.); (E.R.-R.); (P.S.-J.); (M.J.B.); (P.M.); (J.M.G.-A.); (M.M.)
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Kawada T. Risk Factors of COVID-19 Symptoms in Old Subjects. Gerontology 2021; 68:789. [PMID: 34784602 PMCID: PMC8678267 DOI: 10.1159/000520021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyuki Kawada
- Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
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24
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Al-Jaf SMA, Niranji SS, Ali HN, Mohammed OA. Association of Apolipoprotein e polymorphism with SARS-CoV-2 infection. INFECTION, GENETICS AND EVOLUTION : JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY AND EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2021; 95:105043. [PMID: 34419671 PMCID: PMC8375275 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2021.105043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) is a viral disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS CoV-2). The disease resulted in global morbidity and mortality that led to considering as pandemic. The human body response to COVID-19 infection was massively different from being asymptomatic to developing severe symptoms. Host genetic factors are thought to be one of the reasons for these disparities in body responses. Few studies have suggested that Apolipoprotein Epsilon (Apo E) is a candidate gene for playing roles in the development of the disease symptoms. This work aims to find an association between different Apo E genotypes and alleles to COVID-19 infection comparing a general population and a group of COVID-19 patients. For the first time, the results found that Apo E4 is associated with COVID-19 disease in a Kurdish population of Iraq. Further study is required to reveal this association in different ethnic backgrounds all over the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirwan M A Al-Jaf
- Department of Biology, College of Education, University of Garmian, Kurdistan region, Iraq; Coronavirus Research and Identification Lab., University of Garmian, Kurdistan region, Iraq.
| | - Sherko S Niranji
- Department of Biology, College of Education, University of Garmian, Kurdistan region, Iraq; Coronavirus Research and Identification Lab., University of Garmian, Kurdistan region, Iraq.
| | - Hussein N Ali
- College of Medicine, University of Garmian, Kurdistan region, Iraq
| | - Omed A Mohammed
- College of Medicine, University of Garmian, Kurdistan region, Iraq
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25
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Stratil JM, Biallas RL, Burns J, Arnold L, Geffert K, Kunzler AM, Monsef I, Stadelmaier J, Wabnitz K, Litwin T, Kreutz C, Boger AH, Lindner S, Verboom B, Voss S, Movsisyan A. Non-pharmacological measures implemented in the setting of long-term care facilities to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infections and their consequences: a rapid review. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2021; 9:CD015085. [PMID: 34523727 PMCID: PMC8442144 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd015085.pub2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Starting in late 2019, COVID-19, caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, spread around the world. Long-term care facilities are at particularly high risk of outbreaks, and the burden of morbidity and mortality is very high among residents living in these facilities. OBJECTIVES To assess the effects of non-pharmacological measures implemented in long-term care facilities to prevent or reduce the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 infection among residents, staff, and visitors. SEARCH METHODS On 22 January 2021, we searched the Cochrane COVID-19 Study Register, WHO COVID-19 Global literature on coronavirus disease, Web of Science, and CINAHL. We also conducted backward citation searches of existing reviews. SELECTION CRITERIA We considered experimental, quasi-experimental, observational and modelling studies that assessed the effects of the measures implemented in long-term care facilities to protect residents and staff against SARS-CoV-2 infection. Primary outcomes were infections, hospitalisations and deaths due to COVID-19, contaminations of and outbreaks in long-term care facilities, and adverse health effects. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two review authors independently screened titles, abstracts and full texts. One review author performed data extractions, risk of bias assessments and quality appraisals, and at least one other author checked their accuracy. Risk of bias and quality assessments were conducted using the ROBINS-I tool for cohort and interrupted-time-series studies, the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) checklist for case-control studies, and a bespoke tool for modelling studies. We synthesised findings narratively, focusing on the direction of effect. One review author assessed certainty of evidence with GRADE, with the author team critically discussing the ratings. MAIN RESULTS We included 11 observational studies and 11 modelling studies in the analysis. All studies were conducted in high-income countries. Most studies compared outcomes in long-term care facilities that implemented the measures with predicted or observed control scenarios without the measure (but often with baseline infection control measures also in place). Several modelling studies assessed additional comparator scenarios, such as comparing higher with lower rates of testing. There were serious concerns regarding risk of bias in almost all observational studies and major or critical concerns regarding the quality of many modelling studies. Most observational studies did not adequately control for confounding. Many modelling studies used inappropriate assumptions about the structure and input parameters of the models, and failed to adequately assess uncertainty. Overall, we identified five intervention domains, each including a number of specific measures. Entry regulation measures (4 observational studies; 4 modelling studies) Self-confinement of staff with residents may reduce the number of infections, probability of facility contamination, and number of deaths. Quarantine for new admissions may reduce the number of infections. Testing of new admissions and intensified testing of residents and of staff after holidays may reduce the number of infections, but the evidence is very uncertain. The evidence is very uncertain regarding whether restricting admissions of new residents reduces the number of infections, but the measure may reduce the probability of facility contamination. Visiting restrictions may reduce the number of infections and deaths. Furthermore, it may increase the probability of facility contamination, but the evidence is very uncertain. It is very uncertain how visiting restrictions may adversely affect the mental health of residents. Contact-regulating and transmission-reducing measures (6 observational studies; 2 modelling studies) Barrier nursing may increase the number of infections and the probability of outbreaks, but the evidence is very uncertain. Multicomponent cleaning and environmental hygiene measures may reduce the number of infections, but the evidence is very uncertain. It is unclear how contact reduction measures affect the probability of outbreaks. These measures may reduce the number of infections, but the evidence is very uncertain. Personal hygiene measures may reduce the probability of outbreaks, but the evidence is very uncertain. Mask and personal protective equipment usage may reduce the number of infections, the probability of outbreaks, and the number of deaths, but the evidence is very uncertain. Cohorting residents and staff may reduce the number of infections, although evidence is very uncertain. Multicomponent contact -regulating and transmission -reducing measures may reduce the probability of outbreaks, but the evidence is very uncertain. Surveillance measures (2 observational studies; 6 modelling studies) Routine testing of residents and staff independent of symptoms may reduce the number of infections. It may reduce the probability of outbreaks, but the evidence is very uncertain. Evidence from one observational study suggests that the measure may reduce, while the evidence from one modelling study suggests that it probably reduces hospitalisations. The measure may reduce the number of deaths among residents, but the evidence on deaths among staff is unclear. Symptom-based surveillance testing may reduce the number of infections and the probability of outbreaks, but the evidence is very uncertain. Outbreak control measures (4 observational studies; 3 modelling studies) Separating infected and non-infected residents or staff caring for them may reduce the number of infections. The measure may reduce the probability of outbreaks and may reduce the number of deaths, but the evidence for the latter is very uncertain. Isolation of cases may reduce the number of infections and the probability of outbreaks, but the evidence is very uncertain. Multicomponent measures (2 observational studies; 1 modelling study) A combination of multiple infection-control measures, including various combinations of the above categories, may reduce the number of infections and may reduce the number of deaths, but the evidence for the latter is very uncertain. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS This review provides a comprehensive framework and synthesis of a range of non-pharmacological measures implemented in long-term care facilities. These may prevent SARS-CoV-2 infections and their consequences. However, the certainty of evidence is predominantly low to very low, due to the limited availability of evidence and the design and quality of available studies. Therefore, true effects may be substantially different from those reported here. Overall, more studies producing stronger evidence on the effects of non-pharmacological measures are needed, especially in low- and middle-income countries and on possible unintended consequences of these measures. Future research should explore the reasons behind the paucity of evidence to guide pandemic research priority setting in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan M Stratil
- Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry and Epidemiology (IBE), Chair of Public Health and Health Services Research, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Pettenkofer School of Public Health, Munich, Germany
| | - Renke L Biallas
- Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry and Epidemiology (IBE), Chair of Public Health and Health Services Research, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Pettenkofer School of Public Health, Munich, Germany
| | - Jacob Burns
- Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry and Epidemiology (IBE), Chair of Public Health and Health Services Research, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Pettenkofer School of Public Health, Munich, Germany
| | - Laura Arnold
- Academy of Public Health Services, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Karin Geffert
- Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry and Epidemiology (IBE), Chair of Public Health and Health Services Research, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Pettenkofer School of Public Health, Munich, Germany
| | - Angela M Kunzler
- Leibniz Institute for Resilience Research (LIR), Mainz, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Ina Monsef
- Cochrane Haematology, Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Julia Stadelmaier
- Institute for Evidence in Medicine, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Katharina Wabnitz
- Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry and Epidemiology (IBE), Chair of Public Health and Health Services Research, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Pettenkofer School of Public Health, Munich, Germany
| | - Tim Litwin
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Statistics (IMBI), Freiburg Center for Data Analysis and Modeling (FDM), Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Clemens Kreutz
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Statistics (IMBI), Freiburg Center for Data Analysis and Modeling (FDM), Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Anna Helen Boger
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Statistics (IMBI), Freiburg Center for Data Analysis and Modeling (FDM), Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Saskia Lindner
- Leibniz Institute for Resilience Research (LIR), Mainz, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Ben Verboom
- Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry and Epidemiology (IBE), Chair of Public Health and Health Services Research, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Pettenkofer School of Public Health, Munich, Germany
- Department of Social Policy and Intervention, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Stephan Voss
- Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry and Epidemiology (IBE), Chair of Public Health and Health Services Research, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Pettenkofer School of Public Health, Munich, Germany
| | - Ani Movsisyan
- Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry and Epidemiology (IBE), Chair of Public Health and Health Services Research, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Pettenkofer School of Public Health, Munich, Germany
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Walczak P, Janowski M. The COVID-19 Menace. GLOBAL CHALLENGES (HOBOKEN, NJ) 2021; 5:2100004. [PMID: 34178377 PMCID: PMC8209929 DOI: 10.1002/gch2.202100004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by the new severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which binds to ectoenzyme angiotensin-converting enzyme 2. It is very contagious and is spreading rapidly around the world. Until now, coronaviruses have mainly been associated with the aerodigestive tract due to the presence of a monobasic cleavage site for the resident transmembrane serine protease 2. Notably, SARS-CoV-2 is equipped with a second, polybasic cleavage site for the ubiquitous furin protease, which may determine the widespread tissue tropism. Furthermore, the terminal sequence of the furin-cleaved spike protein also binds to neuropilin receptors. Clinically, there is enormous variability in the severity of the disease. Severe consequences are seen in a relatively small number of patients, most show moderate symptoms, but asymptomatic cases, especially among young people, drive disease spread. Unfortunately, the number of local infections can quickly build up, causing disease outbreaks suddenly exhausting health services' capacity. Therefore, COVID-19 is dangerous and unpredictable and has become the most serious threat for generations. Here, the latest research on COVID-19 is summarized, including its spread, testing methods, organ-specific complications, the role of comorbidities, long-term consequences, mortality, as well as a new hope for immunity, drugs, and vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Walczak
- Center for Advanced Imaging ResearchDepartment of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear MedicineUniversity of Maryland Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer CenterUniversity of MarylandBaltimoreMD21201USA
| | - Miroslaw Janowski
- Center for Advanced Imaging ResearchDepartment of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear MedicineUniversity of Maryland Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer CenterUniversity of MarylandBaltimoreMD21201USA
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27
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Vu THT, Rydland KJ, Achenbach CJ, Van Horn L, Cornelis MC. Dietary Behaviors and Incident COVID-19 in the UK Biobank. Nutrients 2021; 13:2114. [PMID: 34203027 PMCID: PMC8234071 DOI: 10.3390/nu13062114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nutritional status influences immunity but its specific association with susceptibility to COVID-19 remains unclear. We examined the association of specific dietary data and incident COVID-19 in the UK Biobank (UKB). METHODS We considered UKB participants in England with self-reported baseline (2006-2010) data and linked them to Public Health England COVID-19 test results-performed on samples from combined nose/throat swabs, using real time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)-between March and November 2020. Baseline diet factors included breastfed as baby and specific consumption of coffee, tea, oily fish, processed meat, red meat, fruit, and vegetables. Individual COVID-19 exposure was estimated using the UK's average monthly positive case rate per specific geo-populations. Logistic regression estimated the odds of COVID-19 positivity by diet status adjusting for baseline socio-demographic factors, medical history, and other lifestyle factors. Another model was further adjusted for COVID-19 exposure. RESULTS Eligible UKB participants (n = 37,988) were 40 to 70 years of age at baseline; 17% tested positive for COVID-19 by SAR-CoV-2 PCR. After multivariable adjustment, the odds (95% CI) of COVID-19 positivity was 0.90 (0.83, 0.96) when consuming 2-3 cups of coffee/day (vs. <1 cup/day), 0.88 (0.80, 0.98) when consuming vegetables in the third quartile of servings/day (vs. lowest quartile), 1.14 (1.01, 1.29) when consuming fourth quartile servings of processed meats (vs. lowest quartile), and 0.91 (0.85, 0.98) when having been breastfed (vs. not breastfed). Associations were attenuated when further adjusted for COVID-19 exposure, but patterns of associations remained. CONCLUSIONS In the UK Biobank, consumption of coffee, vegetables, and being breastfed as a baby were favorably associated with incident COVID-19; intake of processed meat was adversely associated. Although these findings warrant independent confirmation, adherence to certain dietary behaviors may be an additional tool to existing COVID-19 protection guidelines to limit the spread of this virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanh-Huyen T. Vu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; (T.-H.T.V.); (C.J.A.); (L.V.H.)
| | - Kelsey J. Rydland
- Research and Information Services, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA;
| | - Chad J. Achenbach
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; (T.-H.T.V.); (C.J.A.); (L.V.H.)
- Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Linda Van Horn
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; (T.-H.T.V.); (C.J.A.); (L.V.H.)
| | - Marilyn C. Cornelis
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; (T.-H.T.V.); (C.J.A.); (L.V.H.)
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28
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Shen Z, Ratia K, Cooper L, Kong D, Lee H, Kwon Y, Li Y, Alqarni S, Huang F, Dubrovskyi O, Rong L, Thatcher GR, Xiong R. Potent, Novel SARS-CoV-2 PLpro Inhibitors Block Viral Replication in Monkey and Human Cell Cultures. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2021. [PMID: 33594371 DOI: 10.1101/2021.02.13.431008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Antiviral agents blocking SARS-CoV-2 viral replication are desperately needed to complement vaccination to end the COVID-19 pandemic. Viral replication and assembly are entirely dependent on two viral cysteine proteases: 3C-like protease (3CLpro) and the papain-like protease (PLpro). PLpro also has deubiquitinase (DUB) activity, removing ubiquitin (Ub) and Ub-like modifications from host proteins, disrupting the host immune response. 3CLpro is inhibited by many known cysteine protease inhibitors, whereas PLpro is a relatively unusual cysteine protease, being resistant to blockade by such inhibitors. A high-throughput screen of biased and unbiased libraries gave a low hit rate, identifying only CPI-169 and the positive control, GRL0617, as inhibitors with good potency (IC50 < 10 lower case Greek μM). Analogues of both inhibitors were designed to develop structure-activity relationships; however, without a co-crystal structure of the CPI-169 series, we focused on GRL0617 as a starting point for structure-based drug design, obtaining several co-crystal structures to guide optimization. A series of novel 2-phenylthiophene-based non-covalent SARS-CoV-2 PLpro inhibitors were obtained, culminating in low nanomolar potency. The high potency and slow inhibitor off-rate were rationalized by newly identified ligand interactions with a 'BL2 groove' that is distal from the active site cysteine. Trapping of the conformationally flexible BL2 loop by these inhibitors blocks binding of viral and host protein substrates; however, until now it has not been demonstrated that this mechanism can induce potent and efficacious antiviral activity. In this study, we report that novel PLpro inhibitors have excellent antiviral efficacy and potency against infectious SARS-CoV-2 replication in cell cultures. Together, our data provide structural insights into the design of potent PLpro inhibitors and the first validation that non-covalent inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 PLpro can block infection of human cells with low micromolar potency.
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Fink A, Doblhammer G, Tamgüney G. Recurring Gastrointestinal Infections Increase the Risk of Dementia. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 84:797-806. [PMID: 34602468 PMCID: PMC8673498 DOI: 10.3233/jad-210316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastrointestinal infections cause significant health problems, including those affecting the immune, musculoskeletal, and nervous system, and are one of the leading causes for death worldwide. Recent findings suggest that microbiota of the gastrointestinal tract contribute to dementia. OBJECTIVE In this nested case-control study we investigated the role of common gastrointestinal infections on the subsequent risk of dementia. METHODS We used a longitudinal sample of 202,806 individuals from health claims data of the largest German health insurer and applied a nested case-control design with 23,354 initial dementia cases between 2006 and 2014 and 23,354 matched controls. We used conditional logistic regression to compute odds ratios (ORs) for dementia and corresponding 95%confidence intervals (CIs), adjusting for potential confounders. RESULTS The risk of dementia was increased in patients with recurring incidences of quarters with diagnosed gastrointestinal infections when compared to the unexposed population (one quarter: OR = 1.49, 95%CI = 1.40-1.58; two quarters: OR = 1.70, 95%CI = 1.51-1.91; three or more quarters: OR = 1.64, 95%CI = 1.40-1.93), adjusted for potential confounders. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that recurring gastrointestinal infections are associated with an increased risk of subsequent dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Fink
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Gabriele Doblhammer
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
- Institute for Sociology and Demography, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Gültekin Tamgüney
- Institut für Biologische Informationsprozesse, Strukturbiochemie (IBI-7), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
- Institut für Physikalische Biologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
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