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Prieur X, Cao L. Precision medicine: toward restoring fat with gene therapy in inherited lipodystrophy. Gene Ther 2024:10.1038/s41434-024-00489-3. [PMID: 39317737 DOI: 10.1038/s41434-024-00489-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2024] [Revised: 09/10/2024] [Accepted: 09/18/2024] [Indexed: 09/26/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Prieur
- l'Institut du Thorax, INSERM, CNRS, Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France.
| | - Lei Cao
- Department of Cancer Biology & Genetics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA.
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2
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Taylor R. Understanding the cause of type 2 diabetes. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2024; 12:664-673. [PMID: 39038473 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-8587(24)00157-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes has long been thought to have heterogenous causes, even though epidemiological studies uniformly show a tight relationship with overnutrition. The twin cycle hypothesis postulated that interaction of self-reinforcing cycles of fat accumulation inside the liver and pancreas, driven by modest but chronic positive calorie balance, could explain the development of type 2 diabetes. This hypothesis predicted that substantial weight loss would bring about a return to the non-diabetic state, permitting observation of the pathophysiology determining the transition. These changes were postulated to reflect the basic mechanisms of causation in reverse. A series of studies over the past 15 years has elucidated these underlying mechanisms. Together with other research, the interaction of environmental and genetic factors has been clarified. This knowledge has led to successful implementation of a national programme for remission of type 2 diabetes. This Review discusses the paucity of evidence for heterogeneity in causes of type 2 diabetes and summarises the in vivo pathophysiological changes, which cause this disease of overnutrition. Type 2 diabetes has a homogenous cause expressed in genetically heterogenous individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roy Taylor
- Newcastle Magnetic Resonance Centre, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK; Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
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3
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De la Cruz-Color L, Dominguez-Rosales JA, Maldonado-González M, Ruíz-Madrigal B, Sánchez Muñoz MP, Zaragoza-Guerra VA, Espinoza-Padilla VH, Ruelas-Cinco EDC, Ramírez-Meza SM, Torres Baranda JR, González-Gutiérrez MDR, Hernandez Nazara ZH. Evidence That Peripheral Leptin Resistance in Omental Adipose Tissue and Liver Correlates with MASLD in Humans. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6420. [PMID: 38928125 PMCID: PMC11203746 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Leptin regulates lipid metabolism, maximizing insulin sensitivity; however, peripheral leptin resistance is not fully understood, and its contribution to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is unclear. This study evaluated the contribution of the leptin axis to MASLD in humans. Forty-three participants, mostly female (86.04%), who underwent cholecystectomy were biopsied. Of the participants, 24 were healthy controls, 8 had MASLD, and 11 had metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH). Clinical and biochemical data and the gene expression of leptin, leptin receptor (LEPR), suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3), sterol regulatory element-binding transcription factor 1 (SREBF1), stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (SCD1), and patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing protein 2 (PNPLA2), were determined from liver and adipose tissue. Higher serum leptin and LEPR levels in the omental adipose tissue (OAT) and liver with MASH were found. In the liver, LEPR was positively correlated with leptin expression in adipose tissue, and SOCS3 was correlated with SREBF1-SCD1. In OAT, SOCS3 was correlated with insulin resistance and transaminase enzymes (p < 0.05 for all. In conclusion, we evidenced the correlation between the peripheral leptin resistance axis in OAT-liver crosstalk and the complications of MASLD in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia De la Cruz-Color
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Microbiana y Alimentaria, División de Desarrollo Biotecnológico, Centro Universitario de la Ciénega, Universidad de Guadalajara, Ocotlán 47820, C.P., Mexico;
- Instituto de Investigación en Enfermedades Crónicas Degenerativas, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, C.P., Mexico (V.H.E.-P.)
| | - Jose Alfredo Dominguez-Rosales
- Instituto de Investigación en Enfermedades Crónicas Degenerativas, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, C.P., Mexico (V.H.E.-P.)
| | - Montserrat Maldonado-González
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Microbiología, Departamento de Microbiología y Patología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, C.P., Mexico; (M.M.-G.); (B.R.-M.); (J.R.T.B.)
| | - Bertha Ruíz-Madrigal
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Microbiología, Departamento de Microbiología y Patología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, C.P., Mexico; (M.M.-G.); (B.R.-M.); (J.R.T.B.)
| | - Martha P. Sánchez Muñoz
- Nuevo Hospital Civil de Guadalajara Dr. Juan I. Menchaca, Unidad de Cirugía Bariátrica y Metabólica, Guadalajara 44340, C.P., Mexico;
| | - Vianney Alejandrina Zaragoza-Guerra
- Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, Campus Guadalajara, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Zapopan 45201, C.P., Mexico; (V.A.Z.-G.); (M.d.R.G.-G.)
| | - Victor H. Espinoza-Padilla
- Instituto de Investigación en Enfermedades Crónicas Degenerativas, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, C.P., Mexico (V.H.E.-P.)
| | | | - Sandra M. Ramírez-Meza
- Coordinación de la Licenciatura en Nutrición, División de Estudios de la Salud Centro Universitario de los Valles, Universidad de Guadalajara, Ameca Km. 45.5, Ameca 46600, C.P., Mexico;
| | - José R. Torres Baranda
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Microbiología, Departamento de Microbiología y Patología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, C.P., Mexico; (M.M.-G.); (B.R.-M.); (J.R.T.B.)
| | - María del R. González-Gutiérrez
- Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, Campus Guadalajara, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Zapopan 45201, C.P., Mexico; (V.A.Z.-G.); (M.d.R.G.-G.)
| | - Zamira Helena Hernandez Nazara
- Instituto de Investigación en Enfermedades Crónicas Degenerativas, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, C.P., Mexico (V.H.E.-P.)
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4
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Vigouroux C, Mosbah H, Vatier C. Leptin replacement therapy in the management of lipodystrophy syndromes. ANNALES D'ENDOCRINOLOGIE 2024; 85:201-204. [PMID: 38871500 DOI: 10.1016/j.ando.2024.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Lipodystrophy syndromes are rare diseases of genetic or acquired origin, characterized by quantitative and qualitative defects in adipose tissue. The metabolic consequences of lipodystrophy syndromes, such as insulin resistant diabetes, hypertriglyceridemia and hepatic steatosis, are frequently very difficult to treat, resulting in significant risks of acute and/or chronic complications and of decreased quality of life. The production of leptin by lipodystrophic adipose tissue is decreased, more severely in generalized forms of lipodystrophy, where adipose tissue is absent from almost all body fat depots, than in partial forms of the disease, where lipoatrophy affects only some parts of the body and can be associated with increased body fat in other anatomical regions. Several lines of evidence in preclinical and clinical models have shown that leptin replacement therapy could improve the metabolic complications of lipodystrophy syndromes. Metreleptin, a recombinant leptin analogue, was approved as an orphan drug to treat the metabolic complications of leptin deficiency in patients with generalized lipodystrophy in the USA or with either generalized or partial lipodystrophy in Japan and Europe. In this brief review, we will discuss the benefits and limitations of this therapy, and the new expectations arising from the recent development of a therapeutic monoclonal antibody able to activate the leptin receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinne Vigouroux
- Service d'endocrinologie, diabétologie et endocrinologie de la reproduction, centre national de référence des pathologies rares de l'insulino-secrétion et de l'insulino-sensibilité (PRISIS), hôpital Saint-Antoine, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France; Centre de recherche Saint-Antoine, institut hospitalo-universitaire de cardio-métabolisme et nutrition (ICAN), Sorbonne université, Inserm UMR_S 938, Paris, France.
| | - Héléna Mosbah
- Centre de recherche Saint-Antoine, institut hospitalo-universitaire de cardio-métabolisme et nutrition (ICAN), Sorbonne université, Inserm UMR_S 938, Paris, France; Service endocrinologie, diabétologie, nutrition, centre de compétence PRISIS, CHU La Milétrie, Poitiers, France; Université Paris Cité, ECEVE UMR 1123, Inserm, Paris, France
| | - Camille Vatier
- Service d'endocrinologie, diabétologie et endocrinologie de la reproduction, centre national de référence des pathologies rares de l'insulino-secrétion et de l'insulino-sensibilité (PRISIS), hôpital Saint-Antoine, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France; Centre de recherche Saint-Antoine, institut hospitalo-universitaire de cardio-métabolisme et nutrition (ICAN), Sorbonne université, Inserm UMR_S 938, Paris, France
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5
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Janssen JAMJL. Overnutrition, Hyperinsulinemia and Ectopic Fat: It Is Time for A Paradigm Shift in the Management of Type 2 Diabetes. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5488. [PMID: 38791525 PMCID: PMC11121669 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The worldwide incidence of prediabetes/type 2 has continued to rise the last 40 years. In the same period, the mean daily energy intake has increased, and the quality of food has significantly changed. The chronic exposure of pancreatic β-cells to calorie excess (excessive energy intake) and food additives may increase pancreatic insulin secretion, decrease insulin pulses and/or reduce hepatic insulin clearance, thereby causing chronic hyperinsulinemia and peripheral insulin resistance. Chronic calorie excess and hyperinsulinemia may promote lipogenesis, inhibit lipolysis and increase lipid storage in adipocytes. In addition, calorie excess and hyperinsulinemia can induce insulin resistance and contribute to progressive and excessive ectopic fat accumulation in the liver and pancreas by the conversion of excess calories into fat. The personal fat threshold hypothesis proposes that in susceptible individuals, excessive ectopic fat accumulation may eventually lead to hepatic insulin receptor resistance, the loss of pancreatic insulin secretion, hyperglycemia and the development of frank type 2 diabetes. Thus, type 2 diabetes seems (partly) to be caused by hyperinsulinemia-induced excess ectopic fat accumulation in the liver and pancreas. Increasing evidence further shows that interventions (hypocaloric diet and/or bariatric surgery), which remove ectopic fat in the liver and pancreas by introducing a negative energy balance, can normalize insulin secretion and glucose tolerance and induce the sustained biochemical remission of type 2 diabetes. This pathophysiological insight may have major implications and may cause a paradigm shift in the management of type 2 diabetes: avoiding/reducing ectopic fat accumulation in the liver and pancreas may both be essential to prevent and cure type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph A M J L Janssen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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6
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Bo T, Gao L, Yao Z, Shao S, Wang X, Proud CG, Zhao J. Hepatic selective insulin resistance at the intersection of insulin signaling and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease. Cell Metab 2024; 36:947-968. [PMID: 38718757 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2024.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
Insulin resistance (IR) is a major pathogenic factor in the progression of MASLD. In the liver, insulin suppresses gluconeogenesis and enhances de novo lipogenesis (DNL). During IR, there is a defect in insulin-mediated suppression of gluconeogenesis, but an unrestrained increase in hepatic lipogenesis persists. The mechanism of increased hepatic steatosis in IR is unclear and remains controversial. The key discrepancy is whether insulin retains its ability to directly regulate hepatic lipogenesis. Blocking insulin/IRS/AKT signaling reduces liver lipid deposition in IR, suggesting insulin can still regulate lipid metabolism; hepatic glucose metabolism that bypasses insulin's action may contribute to lipogenesis; and due to peripheral IR, other tissues are likely to impact liver lipid deposition. We here review the current understanding of insulin's action in governing different aspects of hepatic lipid metabolism under normal and IR states, with the purpose of highlighting the essential issues that remain unsettled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Bo
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine Glucose & Lipids Metabolism and Brain Aging, Ministry of Education, Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China; Central Laboratory, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China; Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Ling Gao
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine Glucose & Lipids Metabolism and Brain Aging, Ministry of Education, Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China; Central Laboratory, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China; Shandong Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Zhenyu Yao
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine Glucose & Lipids Metabolism and Brain Aging, Ministry of Education, Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China; Shandong Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Shanshan Shao
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine Glucose & Lipids Metabolism and Brain Aging, Ministry of Education, Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China; Shandong Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xuemin Wang
- Lifelong Health, South Australian Health & Medical Research Institute, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Christopher G Proud
- Lifelong Health, South Australian Health & Medical Research Institute, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
| | - Jiajun Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine Glucose & Lipids Metabolism and Brain Aging, Ministry of Education, Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China; Shandong Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Jinan, Shandong, China.
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7
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Klimczak S, Śliwińska A. Epigenetic regulation of inflammation in insulin resistance. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2024; 154:185-192. [PMID: 36109307 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2022.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetics focuses on the study of changes in gene expression based on modifications that do not interfere with the DNA sequence, such as DNA methylation, post-translational histone modification, and non-coding RNA. Epigenetic changes regulate the expression of many genes, including inflammatory ones. Chronic inflammation is often accompanied by insulin resistance (IR), which is characteristic of inter alia type 2 diabetes. Recently, it has been reported that altered epigenetic signature in the promoter regions of inflammatory genes may contribute to the development of IR. Therefore, the aim of this review is to present the current state of knowledge regarding the epigenetic regulation of inflammation in IR. It includes original papers published from 2014 to 2022. It appears that hypomethylation of the SOCS3 gene increases the risk of IR, while the alteration of H3K4me in the NF-kB promoter promotes changes in inflammatory phenotype. Finally, in hyperglycemic states associated with IR, altered levels of H3K4/K9m3 and H3K9/K14ac result in increased expression of the inflammatory cytokine IL-6. In addition, numerous miRNAs have been identified that may become a target in the fight against diseases related to inflammation and IR. Future studies should examine the epigenetic modifications of IR inflammatory markers associated with environmental factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Klimczak
- Department of Nucleic Acid Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Pomorska 251, 92-213 Lodz, Poland; AllerGen, Center of Personalized Medicine, 97-300 Piotrkow Trybunalski, Poland.
| | - A Śliwińska
- Department of Nucleic Acid Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Pomorska 251, 92-213 Lodz, Poland.
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Adeva-Andany MM, Domínguez-Montero A, Adeva-Contreras L, Fernández-Fernández C, Carneiro-Freire N, González-Lucán M. Body Fat Distribution Contributes to Defining the Relationship between Insulin Resistance and Obesity in Human Diseases. Curr Diabetes Rev 2024; 20:e160823219824. [PMID: 37587805 DOI: 10.2174/1573399820666230816111624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
The risk for metabolic and cardiovascular complications of obesity is defined by body fat distribution rather than global adiposity. Unlike subcutaneous fat, visceral fat (including hepatic steatosis) reflects insulin resistance and predicts type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. In humans, available evidence indicates that the ability to store triglycerides in the subcutaneous adipose tissue reflects enhanced insulin sensitivity. Prospective studies document an association between larger subcutaneous fat mass at baseline and reduced incidence of impaired glucose tolerance. Case-control studies reveal an association between genetic predisposition to insulin resistance and a lower amount of subcutaneous adipose tissue. Human peroxisome proliferator-activated receptorgamma (PPAR-γ) promotes subcutaneous adipocyte differentiation and subcutaneous fat deposition, improving insulin resistance and reducing visceral fat. Thiazolidinediones reproduce the effects of PPAR-γ activation and therefore increase the amount of subcutaneous fat while enhancing insulin sensitivity and reducing visceral fat. Partial or virtually complete lack of adipose tissue (lipodystrophy) is associated with insulin resistance and its clinical manifestations, including essential hypertension, hypertriglyceridemia, reduced HDL-c, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and kidney disease. Patients with Prader Willi syndrome manifest severe subcutaneous obesity without insulin resistance. The impaired ability to accumulate fat in the subcutaneous adipose tissue may be due to deficient triglyceride synthesis, inadequate formation of lipid droplets, or defective adipocyte differentiation. Lean and obese humans develop insulin resistance when the capacity to store fat in the subcutaneous adipose tissue is exhausted and deposition of triglycerides is no longer attainable at that location. Existing adipocytes become large and reflect the presence of insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- María M Adeva-Andany
- Nephrology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital General Juan Cardona, c/ Pardo Bazán s/n, 15406 Ferrol, Spain
| | - Alberto Domínguez-Montero
- Nephrology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital General Juan Cardona, c/ Pardo Bazán s/n, 15406 Ferrol, Spain
| | | | - Carlos Fernández-Fernández
- Nephrology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital General Juan Cardona, c/ Pardo Bazán s/n, 15406 Ferrol, Spain
| | - Natalia Carneiro-Freire
- Nephrology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital General Juan Cardona, c/ Pardo Bazán s/n, 15406 Ferrol, Spain
| | - Manuel González-Lucán
- Nephrology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital General Juan Cardona, c/ Pardo Bazán s/n, 15406 Ferrol, Spain
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Li N, Li X, Ding Y, Liu X, Diggle K, Kisseleva T, Brenner DA. SREBP Regulation of Lipid Metabolism in Liver Disease, and Therapeutic Strategies. Biomedicines 2023; 11:3280. [PMID: 38137501 PMCID: PMC10740981 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11123280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Sterol regulatory element-binding proteins (SREBPs) are master transcription factors that play a crucial role in regulating genes involved in the biogenesis of cholesterol, fatty acids, and triglycerides. As such, they are implicated in several serious liver diseases, including non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), fibrosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). SREBPs are subject to regulation by multiple cofactors and critical signaling pathways, making them an important target for therapeutic interventions. In this review, we first introduce the structure and activation of SREBPs, before focusing on their function in liver disease. We examine the mechanisms by which SREBPs regulate lipogenesis, explore how alterations in these processes are associated with liver disease, and evaluate potential therapeutic strategies using small molecules, natural products, or herb extracts that target these pathways. Through this analysis, we provide new insights into the versatility and multitargets of SREBPs as factors in the modulation of different physiological stages of liver disease, highlighting their potential targets for therapeutic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Li
- College of Medical Technology, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai 201318, China
- Graduate School of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xiaodan Li
- College of Medical Technology, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai 201318, China
- Graduate School of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yifu Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Andrology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai 200031, China;
| | - Xiao Liu
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA (T.K.)
| | - Karin Diggle
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA (T.K.)
| | - Tatiana Kisseleva
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA (T.K.)
| | - David A. Brenner
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA (T.K.)
- Sanford Burnham Prebys, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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10
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Bahramzadeh A, Bolandnazar K, Meshkani R. Resveratrol as a potential protective compound against skeletal muscle insulin resistance. Heliyon 2023; 9:e21305. [PMID: 38027557 PMCID: PMC10660041 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The increasing prevalence of type 2 diabetes has become a major global problem. Insulin resistance has a central role in pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes. Skeletal muscle is responsible for the disposal of most of the glucose under conditions of insulin stimulation, and insulin resistance in skeletal muscle causes dysregulation of glucose homeostasis in the whole body. Despite the current pharmaceutical and non-pharmacological treatment strategies to combat diabetes, there is still a need for new therapeutic agents due to the limitations of the therapeutic agents. Meanwhile, plant polyphenols have attracted the attention of researchers for their use in the treatment of diabetes and have gained popularity. Resveratrol, a stilbenoid polyphenol, exists in various plant sources, and a growing body of evidence suggests its beneficial properties, including antidiabetic activities. The present review aimed to provide a summary of the role of resveratrol in insulin resistance in skeletal muscle and its related mechanisms. To achieve the objectives, by searching the PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science databases, we have summarized the results of all cell culture, animal, and human studies that have investigated the effects of resveratrol in different models on insulin resistance in skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arash Bahramzadeh
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kosar Bolandnazar
- Department of Biological Sciences and Technology, Islamic Azad University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Reza Meshkani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Yao Z, Gong Y, Chen W, Shao S, Song Y, Guo H, Li Q, Liu S, Wang X, Zhang Z, Wang Q, Xu Y, Wu Y, Wan Q, Zhao X, Xuan Q, Wang D, Lin X, Xu J, Liu J, Proud CG, Wang X, Yang R, Fu L, Niu S, Kong J, Gao L, Bo T, Zhao J. Upregulation of WDR6 drives hepatic de novo lipogenesis in insulin resistance in mice. Nat Metab 2023; 5:1706-1725. [PMID: 37735236 PMCID: PMC10590755 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-023-00896-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Under normal conditions, insulin promotes hepatic de novo lipogenesis (DNL). However, during insulin resistance (IR), when insulin signalling is blunted and accompanied by hyperinsulinaemia, the promotion of hepatic DNL continues unabated and hepatic steatosis increases. Here, we show that WD40 repeat-containing protein 6 (WDR6) promotes hepatic DNL during IR. Mechanistically, WDR6 interacts with the beta-type catalytic subunit of serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 1 (PPP1CB) to facilitate PPP1CB dephosphorylation at Thr316, which subsequently enhances fatty acid synthases transcription through DNA-dependent protein kinase and upstream stimulatory factor 1. Using molecular dynamics simulation analysis, we find a small natural compound, XLIX, that inhibits the interaction of WDR6 with PPP1CB, thus reducing DNL in IR states. Together, these results reveal WDR6 as a promising target for the treatment of hepatic steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu Yao
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Clinical Research Center of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Jinan, China
- Shandong Prevention and Control Engineering Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, China
| | - Ying Gong
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Clinical Research Center of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Jinan, China
- Shandong Prevention and Control Engineering Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, China
| | - Wenbin Chen
- Central Laboratory, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Shanshan Shao
- Shandong Prevention and Control Engineering Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, China
| | - Yongfeng Song
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Clinical Research Center of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Jinan, China
- Shandong Prevention and Control Engineering Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, China
| | - Honglin Guo
- Department of Pathology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Qihang Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Clinical Research Center of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Jinan, China
- Shandong Prevention and Control Engineering Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, China
| | - Sijin Liu
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Ximing Wang
- Department of Radiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Zhenhai Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Ultrasound, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Yunyun Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Clinical Research Center of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Jinan, China
- Shandong Prevention and Control Engineering Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, China
| | - Yingjie Wu
- Shandong Provincial Hospital, School of Laboratory Animal & Shandong Laboratory Animal Center, Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
- Institute of Genome Engineered Animal Models, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Qiang Wan
- Center of Cell Metabolism and Disease, Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Xinya Zhao
- Department of Radiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Qiuhui Xuan
- Shandong Clinical Research Center of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Jinan, China
- Shandong Prevention and Control Engineering Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, China
| | - Dawei Wang
- Shandong Clinical Research Center of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Jinan, China
- Shandong Prevention and Control Engineering Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaoyan Lin
- Department of Pathology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Jiawen Xu
- Department of Pathology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Liver Transplantation and Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Christopher G Proud
- Lifelong Health, South Australian Health & Medical Research Institute, North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Xuemin Wang
- Lifelong Health, South Australian Health & Medical Research Institute, North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Rui Yang
- Institute of Genome Engineered Animal Models, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Lili Fu
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Clinical Research Center of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Jinan, China
- Shandong Prevention and Control Engineering Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, China
| | - Shaona Niu
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Clinical Research Center of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Jinan, China
- Shandong Prevention and Control Engineering Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, China
| | - Junjie Kong
- Department of Liver Transplantation and Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Ling Gao
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Jinan, China.
| | - Tao Bo
- Central Laboratory, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China.
| | - Jiajun Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China.
- Shandong Clinical Research Center of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, China.
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Jinan, China.
- Shandong Prevention and Control Engineering Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, China.
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12
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Huang W, Shen B, Li X, Zhang T, Zhou X. Benefits of Combining Sonchus brachyotus DC. Extracts and Synbiotics in Alleviating Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Foods 2023; 12:3393. [PMID: 37761102 PMCID: PMC10530047 DOI: 10.3390/foods12183393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, commonly abbreviated to NAFLD, is a pervasive ailment within the digestive system, exhibiting a rising prevalence, and impacting individuals at increasingly younger ages. Those afflicted by NAFLD face a heightened vulnerability to the onset of profound liver fibrosis, cardiovascular complications, and malignancies. Currently, NAFLD poses a significant threat to human health, and there is no approved therapeutic treatment for it. Recent studies have shown that synbiotics, which regulate intestinal microecology, can positively impact glucolipid metabolism, and improve NAFLD-related indicators. Sonchus brachyotus DC., a Chinese herb, exhibits hepatoprotective and potent antioxidant properties, suggesting its potential therapeutic use in NAFLD. Our preclinical animal model investigation suggests that the synergy between Sonchus brachyotus DC. extracts and synbiotics is significantly more effective in preventing and treating NAFLD, compared to the isolated use of either component. As a result, this combination holds the potential to introduce a fresh and encouraging therapeutic approach to addressing NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwu Huang
- College of Life Sciences & Health, Wuhan University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430065, China; (W.H.); (B.S.); (T.Z.)
| | - Boyuan Shen
- College of Life Sciences & Health, Wuhan University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430065, China; (W.H.); (B.S.); (T.Z.)
| | - Xiumei Li
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research of CAAS, Beijing 100000, China;
| | - Tongcun Zhang
- College of Life Sciences & Health, Wuhan University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430065, China; (W.H.); (B.S.); (T.Z.)
| | - Xiang Zhou
- College of Life Sciences & Health, Wuhan University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430065, China; (W.H.); (B.S.); (T.Z.)
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13
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Özalkak Ş, Demiral M, Ünal E, Taş FF, Onay H, Demirbilek H, Özbek MN. Metreleptin Treatment in a Boy with Congenital Generalized Lipodystrophy due to Homozygous c.465_468delGACT (p.T156Rfs*8) Mutation in the BSCL2 Gene: Results From the First-year. J Clin Res Pediatr Endocrinol 2023; 15:329-333. [PMID: 35735786 PMCID: PMC10448557 DOI: 10.4274/jcrpe.galenos.2022.2022-1-25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital generalized lipodystrophy (CGL) is a rare, autosomal recessive disorder characterized by an almost complete absence of body fat. In CGL, patients may have hyperphagia due to leptin deficiency. Recombinant human leptin (metreleptin) has been suggested as an effective treatment option. We present successful treatment with metreleptin in a boy with CGL and results from the first year of follow-up. An eight-month-old boy presented with excessive hair growth and a muscular appearance. On examination he had hypertrichosis, decreased subcutaneous adipose tissue over the whole body and hepatomegaly. Laboratory investigations revealed hypertriglyceridemia, hyperinsulinemia, elevated liver transaminases and low leptin levels. Molecular genetic analysis detected a homozygous, c.465_468delGACT (p.T156Rfs*8) mutation in the BSCL2 gene. A diagnosis of CGL type 2 was considered. Despite dietary intervention, exercise, and treatment with additional omega-3 and metformin, the hypertriglyceridemia, hyperinsulinemia, and elevated liver transaminase levels worsened. Metreleptin treatment was started and after one year hyperphagia had disappeared, and there was dramatic improvement in levels of insulin, hemoglobin A1c, triglycerides and liver transaminases. Hepatosteatosis was lessened and hepatosplenomegaly was much improved. Metreleptin appears to be an effective treatment option in children with CGL that remarkably improved metabolic complications in the presented case. Initiation of metreleptin treatment in the early period may decrease mortality and morbidity, and increase the quality of life in children with CGL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Şervan Özalkak
- Gazi Yaşargil Training and Research Hospital, Clinic of Pediatric Endocrinology, Diyarbakır, Turkey
| | - Meliha Demiral
- Balıkesir City Hospital, Clinic of Pediatric Endocrinology, Balıkesir, Turkey
| | - Edip Ünal
- Dicle University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Diyarbakır, Turkey
| | - Funda Feryal Taş
- Gazi Yaşargil Training and Research Hospital, Clinic of Pediatric Endocrinology, Diyarbakır, Turkey
| | - Hüseyin Onay
- Multigen Genetic Diseases Diagnosis Center, Department of Medical Genetics, İzmir Turkey
| | - Hüseyin Demirbilek
- Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Nuri Özbek
- Gazi Yaşargil Training and Research Hospital, Clinic of Pediatric Endocrinology, Diyarbakır, Turkey
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14
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Cook JR, Hawkins MA, Pajvani UB. Liver insulinization as a driver of triglyceride dysmetabolism. Nat Metab 2023; 5:1101-1110. [PMID: 37460842 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-023-00843-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is an increasingly prevalent fellow traveller with the insulin resistance that underlies type 2 diabetes mellitus. However, the mechanistic connection between MAFLD and impaired insulin action remains unclear. In this Perspective, we review data from humans to elucidate insulin's aetiological role in MAFLD. We focus particularly on the relative preservation of insulin's stimulation of triglyceride (TG) biosynthesis despite its waning ability to curb hepatic glucose production (HGP). To explain this apparent 'selective insulin resistance', we propose that hepatocellular processes that lead to TG accumulation require less insulin signal transduction, or 'insulinization,' than do those that regulate HGP. As such, mounting hyperinsulinaemia that barely compensates for aberrant HGP in insulin-resistant states more than suffices to maintain hepatic TG biosynthesis. Thus, even modestly elevated or context-inappropriate insulin levels, when sustained day and night within a heavily pro-lipogenic metabolic milieu, may translate into substantial cumulative TG biosynthesis in the insulin-resistant state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua R Cook
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York City, NY, USA.
| | - Meredith A Hawkins
- Diabetes Research and Training Center, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Utpal B Pajvani
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York City, NY, USA
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15
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Hartinger R, Lederer EM, Schena E, Lattanzi G, Djabali K. Impact of Combined Baricitinib and FTI Treatment on Adipogenesis in Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Syndrome and Other Lipodystrophic Laminopathies. Cells 2023; 12:1350. [PMID: 37408186 DOI: 10.3390/cells12101350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS) is a rare genetic disease that causes premature aging symptoms, such as vascular diseases, lipodystrophy, loss of bone mineral density, and alopecia. HGPS is mostly linked to a heterozygous and de novo mutation in the LMNA gene (c.1824 C > T; p.G608G), resulting in the production of a truncated prelamin A protein called "progerin". Progerin accumulation causes nuclear dysfunction, premature senescence, and apoptosis. Here, we examined the effects of baricitinib (Bar), an FDA-approved JAK/STAT inhibitor, and a combination of Bar and lonafarnib (FTI) treatment on adipogenesis using skin-derived precursors (SKPs). We analyzed the effect of these treatments on the differentiation potential of SKPs isolated from pre-established human primary fibroblast cultures. Compared to mock-treated HGPS SKPs, Bar and Bar + FTI treatments improved the differentiation of HGPS SKPs into adipocytes and lipid droplet formation. Similarly, Bar and Bar + FTI treatments improved the differentiation of SKPs derived from patients with two other lipodystrophic diseases: familial partial lipodystrophy type 2 (FPLD2) and mandibuloacral dysplasia type B (MADB). Overall, the results show that Bar treatment improves adipogenesis and lipid droplet formation in HGPS, FPLD2, and MADB, indicating that Bar + FTI treatment might further ameliorate HGPS pathologies compared to lonafarnib treatment alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramona Hartinger
- Epigenetics of Aging, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, TUM School of Medicine, Munich Institute of Biomedical Engineering (MIBE), Technical University of Munich (TUM), 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Eva-Maria Lederer
- Epigenetics of Aging, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, TUM School of Medicine, Munich Institute of Biomedical Engineering (MIBE), Technical University of Munich (TUM), 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Elisa Schena
- Unit of Bologna, CNR Institute of Molecular Genetics "Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza", 40136 Bologna, Italy
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Giovanna Lattanzi
- Unit of Bologna, CNR Institute of Molecular Genetics "Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza", 40136 Bologna, Italy
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Karima Djabali
- Epigenetics of Aging, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, TUM School of Medicine, Munich Institute of Biomedical Engineering (MIBE), Technical University of Munich (TUM), 85748 Garching, Germany
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16
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YİLDİRİM SİMSİR I, SOYALTİN UE, CETİNKALP S, AKİNCİ B. The subtleties of insulin treatment in patients with lipodystrophy. EGE TIP DERGISI 2023. [DOI: 10.19161/etd.1262624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
In the treatment of Diabetes Mellitus (DM), which develops on the basis of insulin resistance in
patients with lipodystrophy (LD) often require high doses of insulin. Traditionally in practice is to
gradually increase the insulin doses to achieve blood glucose normalization.
The fact that high insulin doses require a larger injection volume, which causes impairment in the
absorption of insulin from the subcutaneous tissue to the circulation.
In this article, we discussed the clinical approach to insulin practice in the treatment of DM in patients
with LD and reviewed systematically the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilgin YİLDİRİM SİMSİR
- Ege University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism Disorders, Izmir, Türkiye
| | - Utku Erdem SOYALTİN
- Ege University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism Disorders, Izmir, Türkiye
| | - Sevki CETİNKALP
- Ege University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism Disorders, Izmir, Türkiye
| | - Baris AKİNCİ
- Dokuz Eylul University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism Disorders, Izmir, Türkiye
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17
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Calcaterra V, Magenes VC, Rossi V, Fabiano V, Mameli C, Zuccotti G. Lipodystrophies in non-insulin-dependent children: Treatment options and results from recombinant human leptin therapy. Pharmacol Res 2023; 187:106629. [PMID: 36566927 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Lipodystrophy is a general definition containing different pathologies which, except for those observed in insulin-treated subjects falling outside the scope of this paper, are characterized by total or partial lack of body fat, that, according to the amount of missing adipose tissue, are divided in generalized or partial lipodystrophy. These diseases are characterized by leptin deficiency, which often leads to metabolic derangement, causing insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and increasing cardiovascular risk. In this narrative review, we presentend the clinical presentation of different types of lipodystrophies and metabolic unbalances related to disease in children and adolescents, focusing on the main treatment options and the novel results from recombinant human leptin (metreleptin) therapy. Milestones in the management of lipodystrophy include lifestyle modification as diet and physical activity, paired with hypoglycemic drugs, insulin, hypolipidemic drugs, and other drugs with the aim of treating lipodystrophy complications. Metreleptin has been recently approved for pediatric patients with general lipodystrophy (GL)> 2 years of age and for children with partial lipodystrophy (PL)> 12 years of age not controlled with conventional therapies. New therapeutic strategies are currently being investigated, especially for patients with PL forms, specifically, liver-targeted therapies. Further studies are needed to achieve the most specific and precise treatment possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Calcaterra
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children's Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy.
| | | | - Virginia Rossi
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children's Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Fabiano
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children's Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy; Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Università di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Mameli
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children's Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy; Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Università di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Gianvincenzo Zuccotti
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children's Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy; Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Università di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy
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18
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Luo W, Huang Y, Qiu X, Zhuo W, Tao Y, Wang S, Li H, Shen J, Zhao L, Zhang L, Li S, Liu J, Huang Q, Zhou R. Growth-Promoting Effects of Zhenqi Granules on Finishing Pigs. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:3521. [PMID: 36552440 PMCID: PMC9774107 DOI: 10.3390/ani12243521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Developing nonantibiotic livestock growth promoters attracts intensive interest in the post-antibiotic era. In this study, we investigated the growth-promoting efficacy of Zhenqi granules (ZQ) in pigs and further explored the possible mechanisms by transcriptomics analysis. Weaned piglets (52 days old with an average body weight of 17.92 kg) were fed with diets supplemented with different doses of ZQ (0 g/kg, 1 g/kg, and 2 g/kg) for 30 days and continued observations for an additional 32 days after removing ZQ from the diets. Compared with the control group, the average daily gain, carcass weight, average back fat thickness, and fat meat percentage of the group supplemented with 1 g/kg of ZQ showed a significant increase, and the feed/gain ratio was lower. The group supplemented with 2 g/kg of ZQ also showed a significant increase in average daily gain and average backfat thickness. A transcriptomics analysis revealed that the supplementation of ZQ at 1 g/kg upregulated the expression of genes related to collagen biosynthesis and lipid biosynthesis in skeletal muscle and liver. This effect was primarily through upregulating the mRNA levels of structural proteins and lipid-related enzymes. This study demonstrates the growth-promoting efficacy of ZQ and provides some insights of the mechanism of growth promotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wentao Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, and Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University College of Veterinary Medicine, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yaxue Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, and Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University College of Veterinary Medicine, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xiuxiu Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, and Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University College of Veterinary Medicine, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Wenxiao Zhuo
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, and Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University College of Veterinary Medicine, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yujun Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, and Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University College of Veterinary Medicine, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Shuaiyang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, and Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University College of Veterinary Medicine, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Huaixia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, and Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University College of Veterinary Medicine, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jing Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, and Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University College of Veterinary Medicine, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Lelin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, and Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University College of Veterinary Medicine, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Lijun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, and Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University College of Veterinary Medicine, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Shuo Li
- Hubei Provincial Veterinary Drug Research Center, HVSEN Biotech, Wuhan 430042, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Hubei Provincial Veterinary Drug Research Center, HVSEN Biotech, Wuhan 430042, China
| | - Qi Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, and Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University College of Veterinary Medicine, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Rui Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, and Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University College of Veterinary Medicine, Wuhan 430070, China
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19
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Fan S, Zhou Z, Ye J, Li Y, Huang K, Ke X. Integration of Lipidomics and Transcriptomics Reveals the Efficacy and Mechanism of Qige Decoction on NAFLD. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:1-13. [PMID: 36452137 PMCID: PMC9705084 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9739032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2024]
Abstract
The prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is increasing as obesity and diabetes become more common. There are no drugs approved for NAFLD yet. Qige decoction (QGD), a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formula, is used for NAFLD and hyperlipidemia treatment in TCM and has shown hypolipidemic and hepatoprotective effects. This study tried to interpret the pharmacology and molecular mechanisms of QGD in NAFLD rats. Firstly, the therapeutic effects of QGD on high-fat diet (HFD)-induced NAFLD rats were evaluated. Then, integration of lipidomics and transcriptomics was conducted to explore the possible pathways and targets of QGD against NAFLD. QGD at low dosage (QGL) administration reduced serum total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (
). Liver histopathology indicated that QGL could alleviate hepatic steatosis. The main differential lipids (DELs) affected by QGD were glycerolipids. KEGG enrichment analysis suggested that the main pathways by which QGD improved NAFLD may be cholesterol metabolism, glycerolipid metabolism, and insulin resistance. Transcriptome sequencing identified 179 upregulated and 194 downregulated mRNAs after QGD treatment. An interaction network based on DELs and differential genes (DEGs) suggested that QGD inhibited hepatic steatosis mainly by reducing hepatic insulin resistance and triglyceride biosynthesis via the PPP1R3C/SIK1/CRTC2 and PPP1R3C/SIK1/SREBP1 signal axis, respectively. These findings indicated that QGD could protect against NAFLD induced by HFD. The improvement of hepatic insulin resistance and the reduction of triglyceride biosynthesis might be the potential mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simin Fan
- First Clinical School of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510410, Guangdong, China
- Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510410, Guangdong, China
| | - Zunming Zhou
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, Guangdong, China
- Postdoctoral Research Station of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, Guangdong, China
| | - Jintong Ye
- First Clinical School of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510410, Guangdong, China
- Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510410, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanfang Li
- First Clinical School of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510410, Guangdong, China
- Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510410, Guangdong, China
| | - Keer Huang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, Guangdong, China
| | - Xuehong Ke
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, Guangdong, China
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20
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Metz M, Beghini M, Wolf P, Pfleger L, Hackl M, Bastian M, Freudenthaler A, Harreiter J, Zeyda M, Baumgartner-Parzer S, Marculescu R, Marella N, Hannich JT, Györi G, Berlakovich G, Roden M, Krebs M, Risti R, Lõokene A, Trauner M, Kautzky-Willer A, Krššák M, Stangl H, Fürnsinn C, Scherer T. Leptin increases hepatic triglyceride export via a vagal mechanism in humans. Cell Metab 2022; 34:1719-1731.e5. [PMID: 36220067 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2022.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Recombinant human leptin (metreleptin) reduces hepatic lipid content in patients with lipodystrophy and overweight patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and relative hypoleptinemia independent of its anorexic action. In rodents, leptin signaling in the brain increases very-low-density lipoprotein triglyceride (VLDL-TG) secretion and reduces hepatic lipid content via the vagus nerve. In this randomized, placebo-controlled crossover trial (EudraCT Nr. 2017-003014-22), we tested whether a comparable mechanism regulates hepatic lipid metabolism in humans. A single metreleptin injection stimulated hepatic VLDL-TG secretion (primary outcome) and reduced hepatic lipid content in fasted, lean men (n = 13, age range 20-38 years) but failed to do so in metabolically healthy liver transplant recipients (n = 9, age range 26-62 years) who represent a model for hepatic denervation. In an independent cohort of lean men (n = 10, age range 23-31 years), vagal stimulation by modified sham feeding replicated the effects of metreleptin on VLDL-TG secretion. Therefore, we propose that leptin has anti-steatotic properties that are independent of food intake by stimulating hepatic VLDL-TG export via a brain-vagus-liver axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthäus Metz
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Marianna Beghini
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Peter Wolf
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Lorenz Pfleger
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Martina Hackl
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Magdalena Bastian
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Angelika Freudenthaler
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Jürgen Harreiter
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Maximilian Zeyda
- Clinical Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Allergology and Endocrinology, Department for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Comprehensive Center for Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Sabina Baumgartner-Parzer
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Rodrig Marculescu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Nara Marella
- CeMM - Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - J Thomas Hannich
- CeMM - Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Georg Györi
- Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Gabriela Berlakovich
- Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Michael Roden
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany; Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Michael Krebs
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Robert Risti
- Department of Chemistry, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn 12618, Estonia
| | - Aivar Lõokene
- Department of Chemistry, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn 12618, Estonia
| | - Michael Trauner
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Alexandra Kautzky-Willer
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Martin Krššák
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Herbert Stangl
- Institute of Medical Chemistry, Center for Pathobiochemistry and Genetics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Clemens Fürnsinn
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Thomas Scherer
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria.
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Saponaro C, Sabatini S, Gaggini M, Carli F, Rosso C, Positano V, Armandi A, Caviglia GP, Faletti R, Bugianesi E, Gastaldelli A. Adipose tissue dysfunction and visceral fat are associated with hepatic insulin resistance and severity of NASH even in lean individuals. Liver Int 2022; 42:2418-2427. [PMID: 35900229 DOI: 10.1111/liv.15377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a heterogeneous disorder, but the factors that determine this heterogeneity remain poorly understood. Adipose tissue dysfunction is causally linked to NAFLD since it causes intrahepatic triglyceride (IHTG) accumulation through increased hepatic lipid flow, due to insulin resistance and pro-inflammatory adipokines release. While many studies in NAFLD have looked at total adiposity (i.e. mainly subcutaneous fat, SC-AT), it is still unclear the possible impact of visceral fat (VF). Thus, we investigated how VF versus SC-AT was related to NAFLD severity in lean, overweight and obese individuals versus lean controls. METHODS Thirty-two non-diabetic NAFLD with liver biopsy (BMI 21.4-34.7 kg/m2 ) and eight lean individuals (BMI 19.6-22.8 kg/m2 ) were characterized for fat distribution (VF, SC-AT and IHTG by magnetic resonance imaging), lipolysis and insulin resistance by tracer infusion, free fatty acids (FFAs) and triglyceride (TAG) concentration and composition (by mass spectrometry). RESULTS Intrahepatic triglyceride was positively associated with lipolysis, adipose tissue insulin resistance (Adipo-IR), TAG concentrations, and increased saturated/unsaturated FFA ratio. Compared to controls VF was higher in NAFLD (including lean individuals), increased with fibrosis stage and associated with insulin resistance in liver, muscle and adipose tissue, increased lipolysis and decreased adiponectin levels. Collectively, our results suggest that VF accumulation, given its location close to the liver, is one of the major risk factors for NAFLD. CONCLUSIONS These findings propose VF as an early indicator of NAFLD progression independently of BMI, which may allow for evidence-based prevention and intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Saponaro
- Cardiometabolic Risk Unit, Institute of Clinical Physiology, CNR, Pisa, Italy.,University of Lille, CHU Lille, Inserm U1190, EGID, Lille, France
| | - Silvia Sabatini
- Cardiometabolic Risk Unit, Institute of Clinical Physiology, CNR, Pisa, Italy
| | - Melania Gaggini
- Cardiometabolic Risk Unit, Institute of Clinical Physiology, CNR, Pisa, Italy
| | - Fabrizia Carli
- Cardiometabolic Risk Unit, Institute of Clinical Physiology, CNR, Pisa, Italy
| | - Chiara Rosso
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology and Laboratory of Diabetology, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Angelo Armandi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology and Laboratory of Diabetology, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Gian Paolo Caviglia
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology and Laboratory of Diabetology, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Riccardo Faletti
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology and Laboratory of Diabetology, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Bugianesi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology and Laboratory of Diabetology, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Amalia Gastaldelli
- Cardiometabolic Risk Unit, Institute of Clinical Physiology, CNR, Pisa, Italy
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22
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Wang X, Kim S, Guan Y, Parker R, Rodrigues RM, Feng D, Lu SC, Gao B. Deletion of adipocyte prohibitin 1 exacerbates high-fat diet-induced steatosis but not liver inflammation and fibrosis. Hepatol Commun 2022; 6:3335-3348. [PMID: 36200169 PMCID: PMC9701483 DOI: 10.1002/hep4.2092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue dysfunction is closely associated with the development and progression of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Recent studies have implied an important role of prohibitin-1 (PHB1) in adipose tissue function. In the current study, we aimed to explore the function of adipocyte PHB1 in the development and progression of NAFLD. The PHB1 protein levels in adipose tissues were markedly decreased in mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) compared to those fed a chow diet. To explore the function of adipocyte PHB1 in the progression of NAFLD, mice with adipocyte-specific (adipo) deletion of Phb1 (Phb1adipo-/- mice) were generated. Notably, Phb1adipo-/- mice did not develop obesity but displayed severe liver steatosis under HFD feeding. Compared to HFD-fed wild-type (WT) mice, HFD-fed Phb1adipo-/- mice displayed dramatically lower fat mass with significantly decreased levels of total adipose tissue inflammation, including macrophage and neutrophil number as well as the expression of inflammatory mediators. To our surprise, although liver steatosis in Phb1adipo-/- mice was much more severe, liver inflammation and fibrosis were similar to WT mice after HFD feeding. RNA sequencing analyses revealed that the interferon pathway was markedly suppressed while the bone morphogenetic protein 2 pathway was significantly up-regulated in the liver of HFD-fed Phb1adipo-/- mice compared with HFD-fed WT mice. Conclusion: HFD-fed Phb1adipo-/- mice display a subtype of the lean NAFLD phenotype with severe hepatic steatosis despite low adipose mass. This subtype of the lean NAFLD phenotype has similar inflammation and fibrosis as obese NAFLD in HFD-fed WT mice; this is partially due to reduced total adipose tissue inflammation and the hepatic interferon pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Wang
- Laboratory of Liver DiseasesNational Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaMarylandUSA,Department of Infectious DiseasesRuijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Seung‐Jin Kim
- Laboratory of Liver DiseasesNational Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaMarylandUSA,Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural SciencesKangwon Institute of Inclusive Technology and Global/Gangwon Innovative Biologics‐Regional Leading Research Center, Kangwon National UniversityChuncheonKorea
| | - Yukun Guan
- Laboratory of Liver DiseasesNational Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaMarylandUSA
| | - Richard Parker
- Laboratory of Liver DiseasesNational Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaMarylandUSA,Leeds Liver UnitSt James's University HospitalLeedsUK
| | - Robim M. Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Liver DiseasesNational Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaMarylandUSA,Department of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato‐Cosmetology, Faculty of Medicine and PharmacyVrije Universiteit BrusselBrusselsBelgium
| | - Dechun Feng
- Laboratory of Liver DiseasesNational Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaMarylandUSA
| | - Shelly C. Lu
- Karsh Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of MedicineCedars‐Sinai Medical CenterLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Bin Gao
- Laboratory of Liver DiseasesNational Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaMarylandUSA
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23
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Collins KH, Gui C, Ely EV, Lenz KL, Harris CA, Guilak F, Meyer GA. Leptin mediates the regulation of muscle mass and strength by adipose tissue. J Physiol 2022; 600:3795-3817. [PMID: 35844058 PMCID: PMC9378542 DOI: 10.1113/jp283034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue secretes numerous cytokines (termed 'adipokines') that have known or hypothesized actions on skeletal muscle. The majority of adipokines have been implicated in the pathological link between excess adipose and muscle insulin resistance, but approximately half also have documented in vitro effects on myogenesis and/or hypertrophy. This complexity suggests a potential dual role for adipokines in the regulation of muscle mass in homeostasis and the development of pathology. In this study, we used lipodystrophic 'fat-free' mice to demonstrate that adipose tissue is indeed necessary for the development of normal muscle mass and strength. Fat-free mice had significantly reduced mass (∼15%) and peak contractile tension (∼20%) of fast-twitch muscles, a slowing of contractile dynamics and decreased cross-sectional area of fast twitch fibres compared to wild-type littermates. These deficits in mass and contractile tension were fully rescued by reconstitution of ∼10% of normal adipose mass, indicating that this phenotype is the direct consequence of absent adipose. We then showed that the rescue is solely mediated by the adipokine leptin, as similar reconstitution of adipose from leptin-knockout mice fails to rescue mass or strength. Together, these data indicate that the development of muscle mass and strength in wild-type mice is dependent on adipose-secreted leptin. This finding extends our current understanding of the multiple roles of adipokines in physiology as well as disease pathophysiology to include a critical role for the adipokine leptin in muscle homeostasis. KEY POINTS: Adipose-derived cytokines (adipokines) have long been implicated in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance in obesity but likely have other under-appreciated roles in muscle physiology. Here we use a fat-free mouse to show that adipose tissue is necessary for the normal development of muscle mass and strength. Through add-back of genetically modified adipose tissue we show that leptin is the key adipokine mediating this regulation. This expands our understanding of leptin's role in adipose-muscle signalling to include development and homeostasis and adds the surprising finding that leptin is the sole mediator of the maintenance of muscle mass and strength by adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey H. Collins
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryWashington University in St. LouisMOUSA,Shriners Hospitals for ChildrenSt LouisMOUSA,Center of Regenerative MedicineWashington University in St. LouisMOUSA
| | - Chang Gui
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringWashington University in St. LouisMOUSA,Program in Physical TherapyWashington UniversitySt LouisMOUSA
| | - Erica V. Ely
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryWashington University in St. LouisMOUSA,Shriners Hospitals for ChildrenSt LouisMOUSA,Center of Regenerative MedicineWashington University in St. LouisMOUSA,Department of Biomedical EngineeringWashington University in St. LouisMOUSA
| | - Kristin L. Lenz
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryWashington University in St. LouisMOUSA,Shriners Hospitals for ChildrenSt LouisMOUSA,Center of Regenerative MedicineWashington University in St. LouisMOUSA
| | - Charles A. Harris
- Division of EndocrinologyMetabolism & Lipid ResearchWashington UniversitySt LouisMissouriUSA
| | - Farshid Guilak
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryWashington University in St. LouisMOUSA,Shriners Hospitals for ChildrenSt LouisMOUSA,Center of Regenerative MedicineWashington University in St. LouisMOUSA,Department of Biomedical EngineeringWashington University in St. LouisMOUSA
| | - Gretchen A. Meyer
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryWashington University in St. LouisMOUSA,Center of Regenerative MedicineWashington University in St. LouisMOUSA,Department of Biomedical EngineeringWashington University in St. LouisMOUSA,Program in Physical TherapyWashington UniversitySt LouisMOUSA,Department of NeurologyWashington University in St. LouisSt LouisMOUSA
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24
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Mosbah H, Vantyghem M, Nobécourt E, Andreelli F, Archambeaud F, Bismuth E, Briet C, Cartigny M, Chevalier B, Donadille B, Daguenel A, Fichet M, Gautier J, Janmaat S, Jéru I, Legagneur C, Leguier L, Maitre J, Mongeois E, Poitou C, Renard E, Reznik Y, Spiteri A, Travert F, Vergès B, Zammouri J, Vigouroux C, Vatier C. Therapeutic indications and metabolic effects of metreleptin in patients with lipodystrophy syndromes: Real-life experience from a national reference network. Diabetes Obes Metab 2022; 24:1565-1577. [PMID: 35445532 PMCID: PMC9541305 DOI: 10.1111/dom.14726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
AIM To describe baseline characteristics and follow-up data in patients with lipodystrophy syndromes treated with metreleptin in a national reference network, in a real-life setting. PATIENTS AND METHODS Clinical and metabolic data from patients receiving metreleptin in France were retrospectively collected, at baseline, at 1 year and at the latest follow-up during treatment. RESULTS Forty-seven patients with lipodystrophy including generalized lipodystrophy (GLD; n = 28) and partial lipodystrophy (PLD; n = 19) received metreleptin over the last decade. At baseline, the median (interquartile range [IQR]) patient age was 29.3 (16.6-47.6) years, body mass index was 23.8 (21.2-25.7) kg/m2 and serum leptin was 3.2 (1.0-4.9) ng/mL, 94% of patients had diabetes (66% insulin-treated), 53% had hypertension and 87% had dyslipidaemia. Metreleptin therapy, administered for a median (IQR) of 31.7 (14.2-76.0) months, was ongoing in 77% of patients at the latest follow-up. In patients with GLD, glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) and fasting triglyceride levels significantly decreased from baseline to 1 year of metreleptin treatment, from 8.4 (6.5-9.9)% [68 (48-85) mmol/mol] to 6.8 (5.6-7.4)% [51(38-57) mmol/mol], and 3.6 (1.7-8.5) mmol/L to 2.2 (1.1-3.7) mmol/L, respectively (P < 0.001), with sustained efficacy thereafter. In patients with PLD, HbA1c was not significantly modified (7.7 [7.1-9.1]% [61 (54-76) mmol/mol] at baseline vs. 7.7 [7.4-9.5]% [61(57-80) mmol/mol] at 1 year), and the decrease in fasting triglycerides (from 3.3 [1.9-9.9] mmol/L to 2.5 [1.6-5.3] mmol/L; P < 0.01) was not confirmed at the latest assessment (5.2 [2.2-11.3] mmol/L). However, among PLD patients, at 1 year, 61% were responders regarding glucose homeostasis, with lower baseline leptin levels compared to nonresponders, and 61% were responders regarding triglyceridaemia. Liver enzymes significantly decreased only in the GLD group. CONCLUSIONS In this real-life setting study, metabolic outcomes are improved by metreleptin therapy in patients with GLD. The therapeutic indication for metreleptin needs to be clarified in patients with PLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Héléna Mosbah
- Endocrinology DepartmentAssistance Publique–Hôpitaux de Paris (AP‐HP), Saint–Antoine University Hospital, National Reference Centre for Rare Diseases of Insulin Secretion and Insulin Sensitivity (PRISIS)ParisFrance
- Sorbonne University, Inserm UMR_S 938, Saint–Antoine Research CentreCardiometabolism and Nutrition University Hospital Institute (ICAN)ParisFrance
| | - Marie‐Christine Vantyghem
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Lille University Hospital; University of Lille, INSERM U1190European Genomic Institute for DiabetesLilleFrance
| | - Estelle Nobécourt
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and MetabolismLa Réunion University HospitalSaint Pierre de la RéunionFrance
| | - Fabrizio Andreelli
- AP‐HP, Pitié‐Salpêtrière University Hospital, Department of Diabetology; Sorbonne University, INSERMNutrition and Obesity: systemic approaches « NutriOmics »ParisFrance
| | - Francoise Archambeaud
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and MetabolismDupuytren University HospitalLimogesFrance
| | - Elise Bismuth
- AP‐HP, Robert‐Debré University Hospital, Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Diabetology and MetabolismUniversity of ParisParisFrance
| | - Claire Briet
- Department of EndocrinologyDiabetology and Metabolism, Angers University Hospital, Laboratory MITOVASC, UMR CNRS 6015, INSERM 1083AngersFrance
| | - Maryse Cartigny
- Reference Centre for Rare Diseases of Genital Development DEVGEN, Endocrinology Unit, Diabetology and Paediatric Gynecology DepartmentLille University HospitalLilleFrance
| | - Benjamin Chevalier
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Lille University Hospital; University of Lille, INSERM U1190European Genomic Institute for DiabetesLilleFrance
| | - Bruno Donadille
- Endocrinology DepartmentAssistance Publique–Hôpitaux de Paris (AP‐HP), Saint–Antoine University Hospital, National Reference Centre for Rare Diseases of Insulin Secretion and Insulin Sensitivity (PRISIS)ParisFrance
- Sorbonne University, Inserm UMR_S 938, Saint–Antoine Research CentreCardiometabolism and Nutrition University Hospital Institute (ICAN)ParisFrance
| | - Anne Daguenel
- Department of PharmacyAP‐HP, Saint–Antoine University HospitalParisFrance
| | - Mathilde Fichet
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and MetabolismRennes University HospitalRennesFrance
| | - Jean‐François Gautier
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and MetabolismAP‐HP, Lariboisière University HospitalParisFrance
| | - Sonja Janmaat
- Endocrinology DepartmentAssistance Publique–Hôpitaux de Paris (AP‐HP), Saint–Antoine University Hospital, National Reference Centre for Rare Diseases of Insulin Secretion and Insulin Sensitivity (PRISIS)ParisFrance
- Sorbonne University, Inserm UMR_S 938, Saint–Antoine Research CentreCardiometabolism and Nutrition University Hospital Institute (ICAN)ParisFrance
| | - Isabelle Jéru
- Endocrinology DepartmentAssistance Publique–Hôpitaux de Paris (AP‐HP), Saint–Antoine University Hospital, National Reference Centre for Rare Diseases of Insulin Secretion and Insulin Sensitivity (PRISIS)ParisFrance
- Sorbonne University, Inserm UMR_S 938, Saint–Antoine Research CentreCardiometabolism and Nutrition University Hospital Institute (ICAN)ParisFrance
| | - Carole Legagneur
- Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Diabetology and MetabolismUniversity Hospital Brabois‐Vandoeuvre lès NancyVandoeuvre lès NancyFrance
| | - Lysiane Leguier
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Lille University Hospital; University of Lille, INSERM U1190European Genomic Institute for DiabetesLilleFrance
| | - Julie Maitre
- Department of Paediatrics and Endocrinology, Diabetology and MetabolismOrléans HospitalOrléansFrance
| | - Elise Mongeois
- Department of Paediatrics and Endocrinology, Diabetology and MetabolismOrléans HospitalOrléansFrance
| | - Christine Poitou
- Nutrition Department, Sorbonne University/INSERM, Research Unit: Nutrition and Obesity; Systemic Approaches (NutriOmics)AP‐HP, Pitié‐Salpêtrière University Hospital, Reference Centre for Rare Diseases PRADORT (PRADer‐Willi Syndrome and other Rare Obesities with Eating Disorders)ParisFrance
| | - Eric Renard
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Montpellier University Hospital; Clinical Investigation Centre INSERM1411; Institute of Functional Genomics, CNRS, INSERMUniversity of MontpellierMontpellierFrance
| | - Yves Reznik
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and MetabolismCôte de Nacre University HospitalCaenFrance
| | - Anne Spiteri
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and MetabolismGrenoble University HospitalGrenobleFrance
| | - Florence Travert
- Department of Diabetology and MetabolismAP‐HP, Bichat University HospitalParisFrance
| | - Bruno Vergès
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and MetabolismBocage University HospitalDijonFrance
| | - Jamila Zammouri
- Sorbonne University, Inserm UMR_S 938, Saint–Antoine Research CentreCardiometabolism and Nutrition University Hospital Institute (ICAN)ParisFrance
- AP‐HP, Robert‐Debré University Hospital, Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Diabetology and MetabolismUniversity of ParisParisFrance
| | - Corinne Vigouroux
- Endocrinology DepartmentAssistance Publique–Hôpitaux de Paris (AP‐HP), Saint–Antoine University Hospital, National Reference Centre for Rare Diseases of Insulin Secretion and Insulin Sensitivity (PRISIS)ParisFrance
- Sorbonne University, Inserm UMR_S 938, Saint–Antoine Research CentreCardiometabolism and Nutrition University Hospital Institute (ICAN)ParisFrance
| | - Camille Vatier
- Endocrinology DepartmentAssistance Publique–Hôpitaux de Paris (AP‐HP), Saint–Antoine University Hospital, National Reference Centre for Rare Diseases of Insulin Secretion and Insulin Sensitivity (PRISIS)ParisFrance
- Sorbonne University, Inserm UMR_S 938, Saint–Antoine Research CentreCardiometabolism and Nutrition University Hospital Institute (ICAN)ParisFrance
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25
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Liu X, Huang L, Wu Q, Chen Y, Chen X, Chen H, Gao J, Xiao Q. Sleep characteristic profiles and the correlation with spectrum of metabolic syndrome among older adult: a cross-sectional study. BMC Geriatr 2022; 22:414. [PMID: 35546663 PMCID: PMC9097235 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-022-03074-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) is a common health problem among older adults. Previous studies have revealed the relationship between sleep duration as well as global sleep status and MetS. OBJECTIVES This study aims to examine the association between the specific sleep characteristic and MetS as well as MetS components among community-dwelling old adults. METHODS This cross-sectional study included 1499 community residents aged ≥ 60 years. Sleep characteristics were assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and bed/rise time of the residents. Logistic regression analysis and multiple linear regression analysis were used to examine the associations between sleep characteristics and MetS as well as MetS components. A generalized additive model was built to assess the smooth relationship between triglyceride (TG) levels and sleep duration. RESULTS Of the 1499 participants, 449 (30.0%) had MetS, and 443 (29.6%) had poor sleep quality. The rise time was found to be associated with MetS (> 6:00 vs. 5:00 ~ 6:00: adjusted OR (95%) = 1.77 (1.17-2.69), P = 0.007). For the MetS components, a U-shaped relationship was first revealed for sleep duration and TG levels (EDF = 1.85, P < 0.001). Furthermore, significant associations also included the associations of subjective sleep quality and daytime dysfunction with hypertension, the associations of sleep efficiency and rise time with hyperglycemia, the associations of rise time with TG levels, and the association of bedtime with waist circumference. CONCLUSIONS The different sleep characteristics were associated with different MetS components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Liu
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Health Education, School of Public Health, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Limei Huang
- Songjiang Center of Disease Prevention and Control, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Qiang Wu
- Songjiang District Xinqiao Town Community Health Service Center, Shanghai, 201600, China
| | - Yingwei Chen
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Health Education, School of Public Health, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xiuqin Chen
- Songjiang Center of Disease Prevention and Control, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Health Education, School of Public Health, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Junling Gao
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Health Education, School of Public Health, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Qianyi Xiao
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Health Education, School of Public Health, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Lipodystrophies are a group of rare, heterogeneous disorders characterized by a lack or maldistribution of adipose tissue. Treatment focusses on the management of complications, including hypertriglyceridemia, which can be severe. Patients are predisposed to early atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and acute pancreatitis. This review summarizes the recent advances in the treatment of lipodystrophies, with a particular focus on the treatment of hypertriglyceridemia in familial partial lipodystrophy (FPLD). RECENT FINDINGS Treatment of dyslipidemia in FPLD requires management of secondary exacerbating factors, particularly insulin resistance and diabetes, together with modification of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk factors. In addition, specific lipid-lowering therapies are usually needed, starting with statins and fibrates. Leptin therapy improves triglycerides. Several emerging treatments for hypertriglyceridemia include apo C-III antagonists (volanesorsen, AKCEA-APOCIII-LRx and ARO-APOC3) and angiopoietin-like 3 antagonists (evinacumab, vupanorsen and ARO-ANG3); efficacy observed in clinical trials of these agents in nonlipodystrophic patients with severe hypertriglyceridemia suggests that they may also be helpful in lipodystrophy. SUMMARY Emerging therapies for dyslipidemia show promise in advancing the care of patients with lipodystrophy. However, these treatments are not yet approved for use in lipodystrophy. Further study of their efficacy and safety in this patient population is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Shamsudeen
- Department of Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
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Zhu J, Song S, Xu X, Zhou G, Li C. White meat proteins were more conducive to hepatic antioxidative status than soybean and red meat proteins. J Food Biochem 2022; 46:e13947. [PMID: 34561892 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Intake of protein-rich foods might induce oxidative stress in organs. This study investigated the impacts of protein sources including casein, soybean, fish, chicken, pork, and beef proteins on hepatic oxidation and antioxidation status in rats. It was shown that meat proteins produced higher reactive oxygen species in livers (from 64,868 to 87,153 F/mgpro) than casein (54,045 F/mgpro) and soybean protein (48,361 F/mgpro, p < .05). Pork and soybean proteins induced higher hepatic oxidative stress than fish, chicken and beef proteins by increasing malondialdehyde production (>16%, p < .05). White meat (fish and chicken) proteins promoted hepatic superoxide dismutase activity and total antioxidant capacity compared to soybean and red meat (pork and beef) proteins (p < .05). Compared to red meat proteins, white meat proteins increased hepatic expressions of thioredoxin and glutaredoxin. Rats fed red meat proteins showed hepatic steatosis with small vacuoles. Therefore, white meat proteins were more conducive to hepatic antioxidative status than soybean and red meat proteins. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Intake of protein-rich foods may induce oxidative stress response at both cell and organ levels. The objective of this study was to investigate the impacts of different protein sources including casein, soybean, fish, chicken, pork, and beef proteins on oxidation and antioxidation status in rat livers. It was shown that meat proteins induced higher production of reactive oxygen species than casein and soybean protein. However, white meat proteins showed higher antioxidant capacity than soybean and red meat proteins by increasing hepatic superoxide dismutase activity and total antioxidant capacity. Therefore, compared to soybean and red meat proteins, white meat proteins lowered hepatic oxidative stress by reducing malondialdehyde production. This study suggested that intake of moderate white meat proteins was more conducive to hepatic antioxidative status than intake of soybean and red meat proteins. This study would promote the understanding of healthy effects of different protein sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhu
- Key Lab of Meat Processing and Quality Control, MOE, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Centre of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, P.R. China
- Key Lab of Meat Processing, MARA, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Shangxin Song
- School of Food Science, Nanjing Xiaozhuang University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Xinglian Xu
- Key Lab of Meat Processing and Quality Control, MOE, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Centre of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, P.R. China
- Key Lab of Meat Processing, MARA, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Guanghong Zhou
- Key Lab of Meat Processing and Quality Control, MOE, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Centre of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, P.R. China
- Key Lab of Meat Processing, MARA, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Chunbao Li
- Key Lab of Meat Processing and Quality Control, MOE, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Centre of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, P.R. China
- Key Lab of Meat Processing, MARA, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, P.R. China
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Lee-Ødegård S, Olsen T, Norheim F, Drevon CA, Birkeland KI. Potential Mechanisms for How Long-Term Physical Activity May Reduce Insulin Resistance. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12030208. [PMID: 35323652 PMCID: PMC8950317 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12030208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin became available for the treatment of patients with diabetes 100 years ago, and soon thereafter it became evident that the biological response to its actions differed markedly between individuals. This prompted extensive research into insulin action and resistance (IR), resulting in the universally agreed fact that IR is a core finding in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). T2DM is the most prevalent form of diabetes, reaching epidemic proportions worldwide. Physical activity (PA) has the potential of improving IR and is, therefore, a cornerstone in the prevention and treatment of T2DM. Whereas most research has focused on the acute effects of PA, less is known about the effects of long-term PA on IR. Here, we describe a model of potential mechanisms behind reduced IR after long-term PA to guide further mechanistic investigations and to tailor PA interventions in the therapy of T2DM. The development of such interventions requires knowledge of normal glucose metabolism, and we briefly summarize an integrated physiological perspective on IR. We then describe the effects of long-term PA on signaling molecules involved in cellular responses to insulin, tissue-specific functions, and whole-body IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sindre Lee-Ødegård
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 0372 Oslo, Norway;
| | - Thomas Olsen
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 0372 Oslo, Norway; (T.O.); (F.N.); (C.A.D.)
| | - Frode Norheim
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 0372 Oslo, Norway; (T.O.); (F.N.); (C.A.D.)
| | - Christian Andre Drevon
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 0372 Oslo, Norway; (T.O.); (F.N.); (C.A.D.)
- Vitas Ltd. Analytical Services, Oslo Science Park, 0349 Oslo, Norway
| | - Kåre Inge Birkeland
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 0372 Oslo, Norway;
- Correspondence:
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Chai BK, Murugan DD, Rais MM, Al-Shagga M, Mohankumar SK. Conjugated linoleic acid isomers induced dyslipidemia and lipoatrophy are exacerbated by rosiglitazone in ApoE null mice fed a Western diet. MEDITERRANEAN JOURNAL OF NUTRITION AND METABOLISM 2022. [DOI: 10.3233/mnm-211562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Insulin sensitizers have been used to treat Type 2 diabetes. However, their non-negligible side effects have led to cardiovascular concerns and the withdrawal of a member, rosiglitazone. OBJECTIVE: We combined conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) with rosiglitazone to test for amelioration of side effects posed by rosiglitazone in vivo. METHODS: We utilized ApoE null mice fed with Western diet (WD) to test our hypothesis. Mice were fed WD, with or without CLA administration, for 12 weeks. CLA utilized in our study consisted of a 1:1 ratio of 95% pure c9,t11, and t10,c12 isomers at a concentration of 0.1% w/v in fat-free milk. Starting from Week 12, select mice received rosiglitazone. RESULTS: It was found that mice receiving CLA from Week 0 and rosiglitazone from Week 12 had the lowest body weight and exacerbated hepatomegaly. Although these mice had attenuated insulin resistance compared to mice receiving only Western diet, they display a marked increase in total plasma cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol. Mice receiving early CLA administration developed hyperleptinemia, which was not restored by rosiglitazone. CONCLUSION: Taken together, against the background of ApoE null genotype and WD feeding, simultaneous administration of 1:1 CLA and rosiglitazone led to dyslipidemic lipoatrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boon Kheng Chai
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty ofScience, University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Jalan Broga, Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
- Present address: Biomedical Translation Research Centre, National Biotechnology Research Park, No 99, Lane 130, Academia Road Section 1, Nangang District, Taipei City 11571, Taiwan
| | - Dharmani Devi Murugan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mustafa Mohd Rais
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mustafa Al-Shagga
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty ofScience, University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Jalan Broga, Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Suresh K. Mohankumar
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty ofScience, University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Jalan Broga, Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
- Present address: Swansea University Medical School, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, Wales, United Kingdom
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Mainieri F, Tagi VM, Chiarelli F. Treatment Options for Lipodystrophy in Children. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:879979. [PMID: 35600578 PMCID: PMC9114741 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.879979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipodystrophy includes a heterogeneous group of rare diseases characterized by different amounts of adipose tissue loss and several metabolic complications, including hypertriglyceridemia, steatohepatitis and particularly insulin resistance, that may lead to severe morbidity and, sometimes, mortality. Therefore, therapy for lipodystrophy primarily consists of a conventional approach that involves standard treatments of metabolic abnormalities. Given the evidence of leptin deficiency in lipodystrophy syndromes, leptin replacement therapy has been considered as a treatment option. Long-term studies on the use of therapy with a methionylated analog of human leptin, metreleptin, first on animals and subsequently on human patients, demonstrated enormous improvements of patients' clinical features and metabolic conditions. Recently, metreleptin was approved by Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of generalized lipodystrophy and by European Medicines Agency (EMA) for the treatment of both generalized and partial lipodystrophy. However, further research is being conducted for new and different therapeutic agents, especially helpful for the treatment of patients with partial lipodystrophy, as some of them do not have access to metreleptin therapy or show poor response.
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Li H, Zhang Y, Luo H, Lin R. The lipid accumulation product is a powerful tool to diagnose metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease in the United States adults. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:977625. [PMID: 36407325 PMCID: PMC9672518 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.977625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES Body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) are widely used to assess obesity, but they are limited in their ability to distinguish complicated body metabolic situations (fat mass, lean body mass, visceral and subcutaneous fat deposits in the abdomen). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of different anthropometric indices in metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) and to identify the best cut-off point for the diagnosis of MAFLD in United States adults. METHODS A cross-sectional study among 4,195 participants over 18 years old in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2017-2018 was performed. All patients underwent vibration controlled transient elastography (VCTE). Assess the anthropometric measurements, including BMI, WC, waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), cardiometabolic index (CMI), triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index, hepatic steatosis index (HSI), lipid accumulation product (LAP), body roundness index (BRI), visceral fat index (VAI), abdominal volume index (AVI), cone index (CI), and body fat index (BAI). Logistic regression analyses were conducted to estimate the impact of these indices, on the odds ratio (OR) values of MAFLD. Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) analyses were performed to assess the diagnosing capacity of these anthropometric indices for MAFLD and identify the optimal cut-offs points. RESULTS A total of 4,195 (2,069 men and 2,126 women) participants were performed, with 45.4 ± 0.64 (mean ± SD) years old. All anthropometric metrics were positively associated with MAFLD, irrespective of whether it was treated as continuous or categorical variable (P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression showed a positive correlation between AVI, HSI, WHtR, BRI, and MAFLD, with significant interaction with gender. ROC curves results showed that LAP had the highest AUC [0.813 (95% CI, 0.800-0.826)], especially in participants aged between 18 and 50 years old. Furthermore, LAP showed the highest ROC in both the training set [0.812 (95% CI, 0.800-0.835)] and the validation set [0.809 (95% CI, 0.791-0.827)]. CONCLUSIONS In the present study, we showed that those anthropometric indices were significantly associated with MAFLD in United States adults. Besides, the association of HSI, BRI, AVI, and WHtR with MAFLD was more obvious in men than in women. LAP may be a sensitive marker for diagnosing MAFLD in U.S. adults.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Rong Lin
- *Correspondence: Hengcong Luo, ; Rong Lin,
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32
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Vitamin D Deficiency Is Inversely Associated with Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13124358. [PMID: 34959910 PMCID: PMC8705502 DOI: 10.3390/nu13124358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The study was conducted to comprehensively assess the association of the concentration of vitamin D in the blood and insulin resistance in non-diabetic subjects. The objective was to pool the results from all observational studies from the beginning of 1980 to August 2021. PubMed, Medline and Embase were systematically searched for the observational studies. Filters were used for more focused results. A total of 2248 articles were found after raw search which were narrowed down to 32 articles by the systematic selection of related articles. Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMAIR) was used as the measure of insulin resistance and correlation coefficient was used as a measure of the relationship between vitamin D levels and the insulin resistance. Risk of bias tables and summary plots were built using Revman software version 5.3 while Comprehensive meta-analysis version 3 was used for the construction of forest plot. The results showed an inverse association between the status of vitamin D and insulin resistance (r = -0.217; 95% CI = -0.161 to -0.272; p = 0.000). A supplement of vitamin D can help reduce the risk of insulin resistance; however further studies, like randomized controlled trials are needed to confirm the results.
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Dong Y, Bai L, Cai R, Zhou J, Ding W. Children's Lipid Accumulation Product Combining Visceral Adiposity Index is a Novel Indicator for Predicting Unhealthy Metabolic Phenotype Among Chinese Children and Adolescents. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2021; 14:4579-4587. [PMID: 34848982 PMCID: PMC8627249 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s337412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The predictive capacity between children's lipid accumulation product (CLAP) combining visceral adiposity index (VAI), CLAP, and VAI with metabolically unhealthy phenotype remained unclear. This study aimed to compare the ability of CLAP combining VAI, CLAP, VAI and traditional adiposity indicators (body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR)) to predict metabolically unhealthy phenotype among Chinese children and adolescents. PATIENTS AND METHODS In the cross-sectional study, 1714 children and adolescents aged 12 to 18 were selected by random cluster sampling, underwent a questionnaire survey, physical examination, biochemical tests and body composition was measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). Participants were divided into four phenotypes according to BMI and metabolic syndrome components. The logarithmic CLAP (LnCLAP), VAI, BMI, WC, WHtR and WHR were standardized for sex and age using the z-score method (standardized variables: LnCLAP-z, VAI-z, BMI-z, WC-z, WHtR-z and WHR-z). RESULTS LnCLAP-z ≥ 1, VAI-z ≥ 1, WC-z ≥ 1, and WHR-z ≥ 1 increased the risk of metabolically unhealthy normal-weight phenotype (the OR and 95% CI were 4.18 (1.75-10.02), 24.05 (12.79-45.21), 6.17 (1.14-33.51), 2.69 (1.07-6.72), respectively), LnCLAP-z ≥ 1, VAI-z ≥ 1 and WC-z ≥ 1 increased the risk of metabolically unhealthy overweight or obese phenotype (the OR and 95% CI were 2.67 (1.40-5.09), 10.30 (3.03-35.03), 2.19 (1.18-4.09), respectively). The area under the ROC curve (AUC) for CLAP combining VAI in the prediction of the metabolically unhealthy phenotype were 0.837 (0.776-0.899) and 0.876 (0.834-0.918) for boys and girls with normal-weight, 0.853 (0.803-0.903) and 0.794 (0.711-0.878) for boys and girls with overweight and obese (all P < 0.001), which were higher than CLAP, VAI, BMI, WC, WHtR and WHR. CONCLUSION Among Chinese children and adolescents, CLAP combining VAI was a more effective indicator than CLAP, VAI and traditional adiposity indicators in predicting unhealthy metabolic phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Dong
- School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ling Bai
- School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rongrong Cai
- School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinyu Zhou
- School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenqing Ding
- School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, People’s Republic of China
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Nguyen ML, Sachdev V, Burklow TR, Li W, Startzell M, Auh S, Brown RJ. Leptin Attenuates Cardiac Hypertrophy in Patients With Generalized Lipodystrophy. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2021; 106:e4327-e4339. [PMID: 34223895 PMCID: PMC8530723 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgab499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Lipodystrophy syndromes are rare disorders of deficient adipose tissue, low leptin, and severe metabolic disease, affecting all adipose depots (generalized lipodystrophy, GLD) or only some (partial lipodystrophy, PLD). Left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy is common (especially in GLD); mechanisms may include hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, or hyperinsulinemia. OBJECTIVE Determine effects of recombinant leptin (metreleptin) on cardiac structure and function in lipodystrophy. METHODS Open-label treatment study of 38 subjects (18 GLD, 20 PLD) at the National Institutes of Health before and after 1 (N = 27), and 3 to 5 years (N = 23) of metreleptin. Outcomes were echocardiograms, blood pressure (BP), triglycerides, A1c, and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance. RESULTS In GLD, metreleptin lowered triglycerides (median [interquartile range] 740 [403-1239], 138 [88-196], 211 [136-558] mg/dL at baseline, 1 year, 3-5 years, P < .0001), A1c (9.5 ± 3.0, 6.5 ± 1.6, 6.5 ± 1.9%, P < .001), and HOMA-IR (34.1 [15.2-43.5], 8.7 [2.4-16.0], 8.9 [2.1-16.4], P < .001). Only HOMA-IR improved in PLD (P < .01). Systolic BP decreased in GLD but not PLD. Metreleptin improved cardiac parameters in patients with GLD, including reduced posterior wall thickness (9.8 ± 1.7, 9.1 ± 1.3, 8.3 ± 1.7 mm, P < .01), and LV mass (140.7 ± 45.9, 128.7 ± 37.9, 110.9 ± 29.1 g, P < .01), and increased septal e' velocity (8.6 ± 1.7, 10.0 ± 2.1, 10.7 ± 2.4 cm/s, P < .01). Changes remained significant after adjustment for BP. In GLD, multivariate models suggested that reduced posterior wall thickness and LV mass index correlated with reduced triglycerides and increased septal e' velocity correlated with reduced A1c. No changes in echocardiographic parameters were seen in PLD. CONCLUSION Metreleptin attenuated cardiac hypertrophy and improved septal e' velocity in GLD, which may be mediated by reduced lipotoxicity and glucose toxicity. The applicability of these findings to leptin-sufficient populations remains to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- My-Le Nguyen
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Vandana Sachdev
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Thomas R Burklow
- NIH Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Wen Li
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Megan Startzell
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Sungyoung Auh
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Rebecca J Brown
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Correspondence: Rebecca J. Brown, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Building 10, Room 6-5940, 10 Center Dr., Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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da Silva AA, Hall JE, Dai X, Wang Z, Salgado MC, do Carmo JM. Chronic Antidiabetic Actions of Leptin: Evidence From Parabiosis Studies for a CNS-Derived Circulating Antidiabetic Factor. Diabetes 2021; 70:2264-2274. [PMID: 34344788 PMCID: PMC8576509 DOI: 10.2337/db21-0126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
We used parabiosis to determine whether the central nervous system (CNS)-mediated antidiabetic effects of leptin are mediated by release of brain-derived circulating factors. Parabiosis was surgically induced at 4 weeks of age, and an intracerebroventricular (ICV) cannula was placed in the lateral cerebral ventricle at 12 weeks of age for ICV infusion of leptin or saline vehicle. Ten days after surgery, food intake, body weight, and blood glucose were measured for 5 consecutive days, and insulin-deficiency diabetes was induced in all rats by a single streptozotocin (STZ) injection (40 mg/kg). Five days after STZ injection, leptin or vehicle was infused ICV for 7 days, followed by 5-day recovery period. STZ increased blood glucose and food intake. Chronic ICV leptin infusion restored normoglycemia in leptin-infused rats while reducing blood glucose by ∼27% in conjoined vehicle-infused rats. This glucose reduction was caused mainly by decreased hepatic gluconeogenesis. Chronic ICV leptin infusion also reduced net cumulative food intake and increased GLUT4 expression in skeletal muscle in leptin/vehicle compared with vehicle/vehicle conjoined rats. These results indicate that leptin's CNS-mediated antidiabetic effects are mediated, in part, by release into the systemic circulation of leptin-stimulated factors that enhance glucose utilization and reduce liver gluconeogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre A da Silva
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, Cardiorenal and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS
| | - John E Hall
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, Cardiorenal and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS
| | - Xuemei Dai
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, Cardiorenal and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, Cardiorenal and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS
| | - Mateus C Salgado
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, Cardiorenal and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS
- Centro Universitário Barão de Mauá, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jussara M do Carmo
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, Cardiorenal and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS
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Grover A, Quaye E, Brychta RJ, Christensen J, Startzell MS, Meehan CA, Valencia A, Marshall B, Chen KY, Brown RJ. Leptin Decreases Energy Expenditure Despite Increased Thyroid Hormone in Patients With Lipodystrophy. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2021; 106:e4163-e4178. [PMID: 33890058 PMCID: PMC8475236 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgab269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Leptin is an adipokine that signals energy sufficiency. In rodents, leptin deficiency decreases energy expenditure (EE), which is corrected following leptin replacement. In humans, data are mixed regarding leptin-mediated effects on EE. OBJECTIVE To determine the effects of metreleptin on EE in patients with lipodystrophy. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PATIENTS Nonrandomized crossover study of 25 patients with lipodystrophy (National Institutes of Health, 2013-2018). INTERVENTION The initiation cohort consisted of 17 patients without prior exposure to metreleptin, studied before and after 14 days of metreleptin. The withdrawal cohort consisted of 8 previously metreleptin-treated patients, studied before and after 14 days of metreleptin withdrawal. MAIN OUTCOMES 24-h total energy expenditure (TEE), resting energy expenditure (REE), autonomic nervous system activity [heart rate variability (HrV)], plasma-free triiodothyronine (T3), free thyroxine (T4), epinephrine, norepinephrine, and dopamine. RESULTS In the initiation cohort, TEE and REE decreased by 5.0% (121 ± 152 kcal/day; P = 0.006) and 5.9% (120 ± 175 kcal/day; P = 0.02). Free T3 increased by 19.4% (40 ± 49 pg/dL; P = 0.01). No changes in catecholamines or HrV were observed. In the withdrawal cohort, free T3 decreased by 8.0% (P = 0.04), free T4 decreased by 11.9% (P = 0.002), and norepinephrine decreased by 34.2% (P = 0.03), but no changes in EE, epinephrine, dopamine, or HrV were observed. CONCLUSIONS Metreleptin initiation decreased EE in patients with lipodystrophy, but no changes were observed after metreleptin withdrawal. Thyroid hormone was higher on metreleptin in both initiation and withdrawal cohorts. Decreased EE after metreleptin in lipodystrophy may result from reductions in energy-requiring metabolic processes that counteract increases in EE via adipose tissue-specific neuroendocrine and adrenergic signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Grover
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Emmanuel Quaye
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Robert J Brychta
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - John Christensen
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Megan S Startzell
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Cristina Adelia Meehan
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Areli Valencia
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Brandon Marshall
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kong Y Chen
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Rebecca J Brown
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Correspondence: Rebecca J. Brown, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Building 10-CRC, Room 6-5942, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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Abstract
Lipodystrophy syndromes (LS) constitute a group of rare diseases of the adipose tissue, characterized by a complete or selective deficiency of the fat mass. These disorders are associated with important insulin resistance, cardiovascular and metabolic comorbidities that impact patient's survival and quality of life. Management is challenging and includes diet, physical activity, and specific pharmacological treatment of LS-associated comorbidities. Because of a common pathophysiology involving decreased concentration of the adipokine leptin, efforts have been made to develop therapeutic strategies with leptin replacement therapy. Metreleptin, a recombinant human leptin analogue, has been proposed in hypoleptinemic patients since the beginning of 2000's. The treatment leads to an improvement in metabolic parameters, more important in generalized than in partial LS forms. In this review, the current knowledge about the development of the drug, its outcomes in the treatment of lipodystrophic patients as well as the peculiarities of its use will be presented.
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Scherer T, Sakamoto K, Buettner C. Brain insulin signalling in metabolic homeostasis and disease. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2021; 17:468-483. [PMID: 34108679 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-021-00498-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Insulin signalling in the central nervous system regulates energy homeostasis by controlling metabolism in several organs and by coordinating organ crosstalk. Studies performed in rodents, non-human primates and humans over more than five decades using intracerebroventricular, direct hypothalamic or intranasal application of insulin provide evidence that brain insulin action might reduce food intake and, more importantly, regulates energy homeostasis by orchestrating nutrient partitioning. This Review discusses the metabolic pathways that are under the control of brain insulin action and explains how brain insulin resistance contributes to metabolic disease in obesity, the metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Scherer
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Kenichi Sakamoto
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism & Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Christoph Buettner
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism & Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.
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Najdi F, Krüger P, Djabali K. Impact of Progerin Expression on Adipogenesis in Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Skin-Derived Precursor Cells. Cells 2021; 10:cells10071598. [PMID: 34202258 PMCID: PMC8306773 DOI: 10.3390/cells10071598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Hutchinson–Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS) is a segmental premature aging disease caused by a mutation in LMNA. The mutation generates a truncated and farnesylated form of prelamin A, called progerin. Affected individuals develop several features of normal aging, including lipodystrophy caused by the loss of general subcutaneous fat. To determine whether premature cellular senescence is responsible for the altered adipogenesis in patients with HGPS, we evaluated the differentiation of HGPS skin-derived precursor stem cells (SKPs) into adipocytes. The SKPs were isolated from primary human HGPS and normal fibroblast cultures, with senescence of 5 and 30%. We observed that the presence of high numbers of senescent cells reduced SKPs’ adipogenic differentiation potential. Treatment with baricitinib, a JAK–STAT inhibitor, ameliorated the ability of HGPS SKPs to differentiate into adipocytes. Our findings suggest that the development of lipodystrophy in patients with HGPS may be associated with an increased rate of cellular senescence and chronic inflammation.
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Myers MG, Affinati AH, Richardson N, Schwartz MW. Central nervous system regulation of organismal energy and glucose homeostasis. Nat Metab 2021; 3:737-750. [PMID: 34158655 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-021-00408-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Growing evidence implicates the brain in the regulation of both immediate fuel availability (for example, circulating glucose) and long-term energy stores (that is, adipose tissue mass). Rather than viewing the adipose tissue and glucose control systems separately, we suggest that the brain systems that control them are components of a larger, highly integrated, 'fuel homeostasis' control system. This conceptual framework, along with new insights into the organization and function of distinct neuronal systems, provides a context within which to understand how metabolic homeostasis is achieved in both basal and postprandial states. We also review evidence that dysfunction of the central fuel homeostasis system contributes to the close association between obesity and type 2 diabetes, with the goal of identifying more effective treatment options for these common metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin G Myers
- Departments of Medicine and Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Alison H Affinati
- Departments of Medicine and Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Nicole Richardson
- UW Medicine Diabetes Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Michael W Schwartz
- UW Medicine Diabetes Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
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Ahmad K, Shaikh S, Lee EJ, Lee YH, Choi I. Consequences of Dicarbonyl Stress on Skeletal Muscle Proteins in Type 2 Diabetes. Curr Protein Pept Sci 2021; 21:878-889. [PMID: 31746292 DOI: 10.2174/1389203720666191119100759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is the largest organ in the body and constitutes almost 40% of body mass. It is also the primary site of insulin-mediated glucose uptake, and skeletal muscle insulin resistance, that is, diminished response to insulin, is characteristic of Type 2 diabetes (T2DM). One of the foremost reasons posited to explain the etiology of T2DM involves the modification of proteins by dicarbonyl stress due to an unbalanced metabolism and accumulations of dicarbonyl metabolites. The elevated concentration of dicarbonyl metabolites (i.e., glyoxal, methylglyoxal, 3-deoxyglucosone) leads to DNA and protein modifications, causing cell/tissue dysfunctions in several metabolic diseases such as T2DM and other age-associated diseases. In this review, we recapitulated reported effects of dicarbonyl stress on skeletal muscle and associated extracellular proteins with emphasis on the impact of T2DM on skeletal muscle and provided a brief introduction to the prevention/inhibition of dicarbonyl stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khurshid Ahmad
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, Korea
| | - Sibhghatulla Shaikh
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, Korea
| | - Eun Ju Lee
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, Korea
| | - Yong-Ho Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongsan, 38430, Korea
| | - Inho Choi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, Korea
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Rafiq S, Jeppesen PB. Insulin Resistance Is Inversely Associated with the Status of Vitamin D in Both Diabetic and Non-Diabetic Populations. Nutrients 2021; 13:1742. [PMID: 34063822 PMCID: PMC8224049 DOI: 10.3390/nu13061742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D has been implicated in the regulation of glucose metabolism and insulin resistance. We designed this study to provide evidence that insulin resistance is dependent on the concentration of vitamin D in the body. Forty observational studies of both type 2 diabetes mellitus patients and healthy subjects were included in this meta-analysis. Related articles were searched from Embase, PubMed, and Medline through January 2021. Filters for search were used to obtain more focused results. We used Comprehensive Meta-Analysis Version 3 for the construction of forest plots. RevMan software version 5.3 was used to build the risk of bias tables and summary plots. The observational studies included in this systematic review and meta-analysis showed an inverse relationship of insulin resistance with the status of vitamin D both in non-diabetic (r = -0.188; 95% CI = -0.141 to -0.234; p = 0.000) and diabetic (r = -0.255; 95% CI = -0.392 to -0.107, p = 0.001) populations. From the meta-analysis we concluded that hypovitaminosis D is related to increased levels of insulin resistance in both type 2 diabetes patients and the healthy population all over the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamaila Rafiq
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus N, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark;
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43
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Loomba R, Friedman SL, Shulman GI. Mechanisms and disease consequences of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Cell 2021; 184:2537-2564. [PMID: 33989548 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 882] [Impact Index Per Article: 294.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the leading chronic liver disease worldwide. Its more advanced subtype, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), connotes progressive liver injury that can lead to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Here we provide an in-depth discussion of the underlying pathogenetic mechanisms that lead to progressive liver injury, including the metabolic origins of NAFLD, the effect of NAFLD on hepatic glucose and lipid metabolism, bile acid toxicity, macrophage dysfunction, and hepatic stellate cell activation, and consider the role of genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors that promote fibrosis progression and risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Loomba
- NAFLD Research Center, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
| | - Scott L Friedman
- Division of Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
| | - Gerald I Shulman
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Yale Diabetes Research Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
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44
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Huesing C, Qualls‐Creekmore E, Lee N, François M, Torres H, Zhang R, Burk DH, Yu S, Morrison CD, Berthoud H, Neuhuber W, Münzberg H. Sympathetic innervation of inguinal white adipose tissue in the mouse. J Comp Neurol 2021; 529:1465-1485. [PMID: 32935348 PMCID: PMC7960575 DOI: 10.1002/cne.25031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Adipose tissue plays an important role in metabolic homeostasis and its prominent role as endocrine organ is now well recognized. Adipose tissue is controlled via the sympathetic nervous system (SNS). New viral, molecular-genetic tools will soon allow a more detailed study of adipose tissue innervation in metabolic function, yet, the precise anatomical extent of preganglionic and postganglionic inputs to the inguinal white adipose tissue (iWAT) is limited. Furthermore, several viral, molecular-genetic tools will require the use of cre/loxP mouse models, while the available studies on sympathetic iWAT innervation were established in larger species. In this study, we generated a detailed map for the sympathetic innervation of iWAT in male and female mice. We adapted iDISCO tissue clearing to process large, whole-body specimens for an unprecedented view of the natural abdominal SNS. Combined with pseudorabies virus retrograde tracing from the iWAT, we defined the preganglionic and postganglionic sympathetic input to iWAT. We used fluorescence-guided anatomical dissections of sympathetic nerves in reporter mice to further clarify that postganglionic axons connect to iWAT via lateral cutaneous rami (dorsolumbar iWAT portion) and the lumbar plexus (inguinal iWAT portion). Importantly, these rami carry axons that branch to iWAT, as well as axons that travel further to innervate the skin and vasculature, and their functional impact will require consideration in denervation studies. Our study may serve as a comprehensive map for future experiments that employ virally driven neuromodulation techniques to predict anatomy-based viral labeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Huesing
- Neurobiology of Nutrition and Metabolism DepartmentPennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University SystemBaton RougeLouisianaUSA
| | - Emily Qualls‐Creekmore
- Neurobiology of Nutrition and Metabolism DepartmentPennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University SystemBaton RougeLouisianaUSA
| | - Nathan Lee
- Neurobiology of Nutrition and Metabolism DepartmentPennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University SystemBaton RougeLouisianaUSA
| | - Marie François
- Neurobiology of Nutrition and Metabolism DepartmentPennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University SystemBaton RougeLouisianaUSA
| | - Hayden Torres
- Neurobiology of Nutrition and Metabolism DepartmentPennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University SystemBaton RougeLouisianaUSA
| | - Rui Zhang
- Neurobiology of Nutrition and Metabolism DepartmentPennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University SystemBaton RougeLouisianaUSA
| | - David H. Burk
- Neurobiology of Nutrition and Metabolism DepartmentPennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University SystemBaton RougeLouisianaUSA
| | - Sangho Yu
- Neurobiology of Nutrition and Metabolism DepartmentPennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University SystemBaton RougeLouisianaUSA
| | - Christopher D. Morrison
- Neurobiology of Nutrition and Metabolism DepartmentPennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University SystemBaton RougeLouisianaUSA
| | - Hans‐Rudolf Berthoud
- Neurobiology of Nutrition and Metabolism DepartmentPennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University SystemBaton RougeLouisianaUSA
| | - Winfried Neuhuber
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Friedrich‐Alexander UniversityErlangenGermany
| | - Heike Münzberg
- Neurobiology of Nutrition and Metabolism DepartmentPennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University SystemBaton RougeLouisianaUSA
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Guo J, Huang J, Wang Q, Fang L, Zhang S, Li B, Lv L, Chen M, Wang C. Maternal exposure to phenanthrene during gestation disturbs glucose homeostasis in adult mouse offspring. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 270:128635. [PMID: 33757275 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have indicated that polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were related to diabetes and insulin resistance. However, studies in mammals on the development of diabetes caused by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are lacking. Pregnant mice were orally exposed to phenanthrene (0, 60 and 600 μg kg-1 body weight) once every 3 days during gestation. In adult mouse offspring, in-utero phenanthrene exposure caused glucose intolerance and decreased insulin levels in females, while caused elevated fasting blood glucose and insulin levels in males. Serum resistin and interleukin-6 levels were elevated in offspring of both sexes. Serum adiponectin levels were decreased in females but increased in males. The insulin receptor signals were upregulated in the liver and downregulated in the skeletal muscle of F1 females, while they were inhibited in both tissues of F1 males. The visceral fat weight and body weight of the treated mice were not increased, suggesting that phenanthrene is not an obesogen, which is supported by the nonsignificant alteration in pparγ transcription in visceral adipose tissue. The transcription of retn in visceral adipose tissue was upregulated in both sexes, and that of adipoq was downregulated in females but upregulated in males, which were matched with the promoter methylation levels of these genes. The results indicated that phenanthrene exposure during gestation could disturb adipocytokine levels via epigenetic modification in adult offspring, and further influence glucose metabolism. These results might be helpful for understanding nonobesogenic pollutant-induced insulin resistance and preventing against diabetes without obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaojiao Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, PR China
| | - Jie Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, PR China
| | - Qian Wang
- College of Environment & Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, PR China
| | - Lu Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, PR China
| | - Shenli Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, PR China
| | - Bingshui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, PR China
| | - Liangju Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, PR China
| | - Meng Chen
- College of Environment & Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, PR China.
| | - Chonggang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, PR China.
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Abstract
Leptin is a pluripotent peptide hormone produced mainly by adipocytes, as well as by other tissues such as the stomach. Leptin primarily acts on the central nervous system, particularly the hypothalamus, where this hormone regulates energy homeostasis and neuroendocrine function. Owing to this, disruption of leptin signaling has been linked with numerous pathological conditions. Recent studies have also highlighted the diverse roles of leptin in the digestive system including immune regulation, cell proliferation, tissue healing, and glucose metabolism. Of note, leptin acts differently under physiological and pathological conditions. Here, we review the current knowledge on the functions of leptin and its downstream signaling in the gastrointestinal tract and accessory digestive organs, with an emphasis on its physiological and pathological implications. We also discuss the current therapeutic uses of recombinant leptin, as well as its limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Hyun Kim
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Hyeyoung Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
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Ramírez-Vélez R, González-Ruíz K, González-Jiménez E, Schmidt-RioValle J, Correa-Rodríguez M, García-Hermoso A, Palomino-Echeverría S, Izquierdo M. Serum leptin as a mediator of the influence of insulin resistance on hepatic steatosis in youths with excess adiposity. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2021; 31:1308-1316. [PMID: 33618924 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2020.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The relationship between insulin resistance (IR) and hepatic steatosis (fatty liver) is well known; however, the extent to which the satiety hormone leptin acts as a confounder or mediator in this relationship is uncertain. We examined whether the association between IR and hepatic steatosis is mediated by leptin in Colombian adolescents with excess adiposity. METHODS AND RESULTS A total of 122 adolescents (mean age: 13.4 years; 68% girls) participated in the study. We assessed body composition, hepatic steatosis (as defined by the controlled attenuation parameter [CAP]), cardiometabolic risk factors (body mass index, waist circumference, body composition), biochemical variables (leptin, insulin, glucose, lipid profile, cardiometabolic Z-score, transaminases, etc.), and physical fitness (cardiorespiratory fitness and grip strength). Partial correlation, regression, and mediation analyses were conducted using the Barron and Kenny framework. RESULTS Ninety-two youths (75.4%) had IR. Mediation analysis revealed a positive relationship between Homeostasis Model Assessment-IR (HOMA-IR) and CAP (βdir = 3.414, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.012 to 5.816, p < 0.001), which was attenuated when leptin was included in the model, thus indicating that leptin mediates this relationship (βind = 1.074, 95% CI: 0.349 to 2.686, p < 0.001). The percentage of the total effect mediated by leptin was 21%. Regarding sex, the mediation effect of leptin remains significant among boys (βind = 0.962, 95% CI: 0.009 to 2.615, p < 0.001), but not in girls (βind = 0.991, 95% CI: 1.263 to 5.483, p = 0.477). CONCLUSIONS The findings are clinically relevant to consider leptin levels as a surrogate marker of insulin sensitivity when assessing youths with excess adiposity and/or suspected Nonalcoholic hepatic steatosis or nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Robinson Ramírez-Vélez
- Navarrabiomed, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra (CHN)-Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), IDISNA, 31008, Pamplona, Spain; CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Katherine González-Ruíz
- Physical Exercise and Sports Research Group, Vice Chancellor for Research, Manuela Beltrán University (UMB), Bogotá, DC, 110231, Colombia.
| | - Emilio González-Jiménez
- Department of Nursing, Health Sciences Faculty, University of Granada, Avda. De la Ilustración 60, 18016, Granada, Spain.
| | - Jacqueline Schmidt-RioValle
- Department of Nursing, Health Sciences Faculty, University of Granada, Avda. De la Ilustración 60, 18016, Granada, Spain.
| | - María Correa-Rodríguez
- Department of Nursing, Health Sciences Faculty, University of Granada, Avda. De la Ilustración 60, 18016, Granada, Spain.
| | - Antonio García-Hermoso
- Navarrabiomed, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra (CHN)-Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), IDISNA, 31008, Pamplona, Spain; Physical Activity, Sport and Health Sciences Laboratory, University of Santiago de Chile (USACH), Santiago de Chile, 7500618, Chile.
| | - Sara Palomino-Echeverría
- Translational Bioinformatics Unit (TransBio), Navarrabiomed, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra (CHN)-Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), IDISNA, 31008, Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Mikel Izquierdo
- Navarrabiomed, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra (CHN)-Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), IDISNA, 31008, Pamplona, Spain; CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
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48
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Shrestha N, Vidimce J, Holland OJ, Cuffe JSM, Beck BR, Perkins AV, McAinch AJ, Hryciw DH. Maternal and Postnatal High Linoleic Acid Diet Impacts Lipid Metabolism in Adult Rat Offspring in a Sex-Specific Manner. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22062946. [PMID: 33799409 PMCID: PMC7999727 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22062946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Linoleic acid (LA), an n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), is essential for fetal growth and development. We aimed to investigate the effect of maternal and postnatal high LA (HLA) diet on plasma FA composition, plasma and hepatic lipids and genes involved in lipid metabolism in the liver of adult offspring. Female rats were fed with low LA (LLA; 1.44% LA) or HLA (6.21% LA) diets for 10 weeks before pregnancy, and during gestation/lactation. Offspring were weaned at postnatal day 25 (PN25), fed either LLA or HLA diets and sacrificed at PN180. Postnatal HLA diet decreased circulating total n-3 PUFA and alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), while increased total n-6 PUFA, LA and arachidonic acid (AA) in both male and female offspring. Maternal HLA diet increased circulating leptin in female offspring, but not in males. Maternal HLA diet decreased circulating adiponectin in males. Postnatal HLA diet significantly decreased aspartate transaminase (AST) in females and downregulated total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol and triglycerides in the plasma of males. Maternal HLA diet downregulated the hepatic mRNA expression of Hmgcr in both male and female offspring and decreased the hepatic mRNA expression of Cpt1a and Acox1 in females. Both maternal and postnatal HLA diet decreased hepatic mRNA expression of Cyp27a1 in females. Postnatal diet significantly altered circulating fatty acid concentrations, with sex-specific differences in genes that control lipid metabolism in the adult offspring following exposure to high LA diet in utero.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirajan Shrestha
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia; (N.S.); (J.V.); (O.J.H.); (A.V.P.)
| | - Josif Vidimce
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia; (N.S.); (J.V.); (O.J.H.); (A.V.P.)
| | - Olivia J. Holland
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia; (N.S.); (J.V.); (O.J.H.); (A.V.P.)
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, South Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia
| | - James S. M. Cuffe
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia;
| | - Belinda R. Beck
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia;
- School of Allied Health Sciences, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia
| | - Anthony V. Perkins
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia; (N.S.); (J.V.); (O.J.H.); (A.V.P.)
| | - Andrew J. McAinch
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 8001, Australia;
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Victoria University, St. Albans, VIC 3021, Australia
| | - Deanne H. Hryciw
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 8001, Australia;
- School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
- Environmental Futures Research Institute, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
- Correspondence:
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Lee J, Kim B, Kim W, Ahn C, Choi HY, Kim JG, Kim J, Shin H, Kang JG, Moon S. Lipid indices as simple and clinically useful surrogate markers for insulin resistance in the U.S. population. Sci Rep 2021; 11:2366. [PMID: 33504930 PMCID: PMC7840900 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-82053-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to compare the accuracy of novel lipid indices, including the visceral adiposity index (VAI), lipid accumulation product (LAP), triglycerides and glucose (TyG) index, TyG-body mass index (TyG-BMI), and TyG-waist circumference (TyG-WC), in identifying insulin resistance and establish valid cutoff values. This cross-sectional study used the data of 11,378 adults, derived from the United States National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1999-2016). Insulin resistance was defined as a homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance value above the 75th percentile for each sex and race/ethnicities. The area under the curves (AUCs) were as follows: VAI, 0.735; LAP, 0.796; TyG index, 0.723; TyG-BMI, 0.823, and; TyG-WC, 0.822. The AUCs for TyG-BMI and TyG-WC were significantly higher than those for VAI, LAP, and TyG index (vs. TyG-BMI, p < 0.001; vs. TyG-WC, p < 0.001). The cutoff values were as follows: VAI: men 1.65, women 1.65; LAP: men 42.5, women 42.5; TyG index: men 4.665, women 4.575; TyG-BMI: men 135.5, women 135.5; and TyG-WC: men 461.5, women 440.5. Given that lipid indices can be easily calculated with routine laboratory tests, these values may be useful markers for insulin resistance risk assessments in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juncheol Lee
- grid.413897.00000 0004 0624 2238Department of Emergency Medicine, Armed Forces Capital Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Bongyoung Kim
- grid.49606.3d0000 0001 1364 9317Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonhee Kim
- grid.256753.00000 0004 0470 5964Department of Emergency Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Chiwon Ahn
- grid.254224.70000 0001 0789 9563Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Young Choi
- grid.256753.00000 0004 0470 5964Department of Emergency Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Guk Kim
- grid.256753.00000 0004 0470 5964Department of Emergency Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihoon Kim
- grid.256753.00000 0004 0470 5964Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyungoo Shin
- grid.412145.70000 0004 0647 3212Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Guri, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Goo Kang
- grid.256753.00000 0004 0470 5964Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea ,grid.256753.00000 0004 0470 5964Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hallym University College of Medicine, 1, Hallymdaehak-gil, Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do 24252 Republic of Korea
| | - Shinje Moon
- grid.256753.00000 0004 0470 5964Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea ,grid.256753.00000 0004 0470 5964Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hallym University College of Medicine, 1, Hallymdaehak-gil, Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do 24252 Republic of Korea
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50
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Goossens GH, Jocken JWE, Blaak EE. Sexual dimorphism in cardiometabolic health: the role of adipose tissue, muscle and liver. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2021; 17:47-66. [PMID: 33173188 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-020-00431-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is associated with many adverse health effects, such as an increased cardiometabolic risk. Despite higher adiposity for a given BMI, premenopausal women are at lower risk of cardiometabolic disease than men of the same age. This cardiometabolic advantage in women seems to disappear after the menopause or when type 2 diabetes mellitus develops. Sexual dimorphism in substrate supply and utilization, deposition of excess lipids and mobilization of stored lipids in various key metabolic organs (such as adipose tissue, skeletal muscle and the liver) are associated with differences in tissue-specific insulin sensitivity and cardiometabolic risk profiles between men and women. Moreover, lifestyle-related factors and epigenetic and genetic mechanisms seem to affect metabolic complications and disease risk in a sex-specific manner. This Review provides insight into sexual dimorphism in adipose tissue distribution, adipose tissue, skeletal muscle and liver substrate metabolism and tissue-specific insulin sensitivity in humans, as well as the underlying mechanisms, and addresses the effect of these sex differences on cardiometabolic health. Additionally, this Review highlights the implications of sexual dimorphism in the pathophysiology of obesity-related cardiometabolic risk for the development of sex-specific prevention and treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gijs H Goossens
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, Netherlands.
| | - Johan W E Jocken
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Ellen E Blaak
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, Netherlands.
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