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Starr LR, Santee AC, Chang KK, DeLap GAL. Everyday emotion, naturalistic life stress, and the prospective prediction of adolescent depression. ANXIETY, STRESS, AND COPING 2024; 37:487-500. [PMID: 37840536 DOI: 10.1080/10615806.2023.2267466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Increasing research underscores low positive emotion (PE) as a vital component of depression risk in adolescence. Theory also suggests that PE contributes to adaptive coping. However, it is unclear whether naturalistic experiences of emotions contribute to long-term depression risk, or whether daily PE levels equip adolescents to cope with later naturalistic stressors, reducing risk for depression. The current study examines whether PE (and negative emotion [NE]) assessed via ecological momentary assessment (EMA) (a) predict prospective increases in depression, and (b) moderate the association between later life stressors and depression. DESIGN Longitudinal study of community-recruited adolescents, with EMA at baseline. METHOD Adolescents (n = 232) completed contextual threat life stress interviews, interview and self-report measures of depression at baseline and 1.5 year follow-up. At baseline, they completed a seven-day EMA of emotion. RESULTS Preregistered analyses showed that daily NE, but not PE, predicted increased depression over time and moderated the association between interpersonal episodic stress and self-reported depression. CONCLUSIONS Results did not support daily PE as a buffer against depressogenic effects of life stress, but point to daily NE as a marker of depression risk.
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Bediako SM, Wang Y. Daily Loneliness Affects Quality of Life in Sickle Cell Disease. Int J Behav Med 2024; 31:393-398. [PMID: 38097875 DOI: 10.1007/s12529-023-10247-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Loneliness is related to psychosomatic challenges in chronic illnesses; however, very little research focuses on loneliness in sickle cell disease (SCD), the most common genetic blood disorder. This study used a daily diary method to illustrate how loneliness and quality of life co-occur in the day-to-day lives of people living with SCD. METHOD Seventy-nine adults living with SCD (63 women; mean age = 31.76 years) completed daily electronic surveys comprised of a brief loneliness scale and a single-item measure of quality of life. Participants completed each survey once per day for up to 42 consecutive days. We evaluated the effects of daily changes in loneliness on next-day quality of life through multilevel regression models. RESULTS Central findings indicated that there were significant between-person (b = - .993, p < .001, 95% CI = - 1.26, - .725) and within-person (b = - .202, p < .005, 95% CI = .327, - .089) effects. Specifically, participants who reported higher mean levels of loneliness also reported lower quality of life. Further, days on which participants reported higher loneliness were followed by days on which they reported lower quality of life. CONCLUSIONS These results may be the first to suggest a connection between loneliness and psychological outcomes in adults living with SCD. Daily fluctuations in loneliness appear to be associated with decrements in next-day quality of life. Future studies should elucidate the clinical relevance and broader health-related implications of these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawn M Bediako
- Center for the Advancement of Science Leadership and Culture, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, 4000 Jones Bridge Road, Chevy Chase, MD, 20815, USA.
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Prevention and Community Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, 950 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
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3
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Klaiber P, van Roekel E, DeLongis A, Sin NL. From the COVID-19 lockdown to the new normal: Two-year changes in daily stress and positive event processes. Stress Health 2024:e3423. [PMID: 38773897 DOI: 10.1002/smi.3423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024]
Abstract
The emergence of the novel COVID-19 disease and the social distancing measures implemented to curb its spread affected most aspects of daily life. Past work suggests that during times of more severe stress, people respond to daily stressors with relatively higher negative affect. However, little is known about how people responded to daily stressors and positive events at different moments in time during the COVID-19 pandemic. Thus, we examined longitudinal changes in daily event-related affect (covariation of daily stressors or positive events with same-day affect) from Spring 2020 (wave 1) to 2022 (wave 2). The sample consisted of 324 adults aged 18-80 (mean = 52 years; 89% women) from the US and Canada who completed weeklong daily diaries at both waves. The results revealed improvements in affective well-being, stressor-related affect (i.e., smaller fluctuations in affect on stressor days vs. nonstressor days), and positive event-related affect (i.e., lower negative affect on days with vs. without positive events). Furthermore, as people gradually resumed their social activities from 2020 to 2022, people reported being exposed to an increased frequency of both stressors and positive events. This study highlights the potential influence of socio-historical phenomena, such as an ongoing pandemic, on the events that people encounter and how they emotionally respond to them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Klaiber
- Department of Developmental Psychology, Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Eeske van Roekel
- Department of Developmental Psychology, Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands
| | - Anita DeLongis
- Department of Psychology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Nancy L Sin
- Department of Psychology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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4
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Xu J, Falkenstein MJ, Kuckertz JM. Feeling more confident to encounter negative emotions: The mediating role of distress tolerance on the relationship between self-efficacy and outcomes of exposure and response prevention for OCD. J Affect Disord 2024; 353:19-26. [PMID: 38423365 PMCID: PMC11059676 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.02.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While exposure and response prevention (ERP) is the first-line treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), up to half of patients do not effectively respond. In an effort to better understand the mechanisms behind ERP, the inhibitory learning model emphasizes the roles of increasing perceived self-efficacy and distress tolerance. While self-efficacy and distress tolerance have separately been shown to predict OCD symptoms and treatment outcomes, no studies have assessed their joint effects in ERP. The current study examined distress tolerance as a mediator of the relationship between self-efficacy and ERP outcomes. METHODS Patients in an intensive ERP-based treatment program (N = 116) completed weekly self-report measures. RESULTS Over the course of treatment, as OCD symptoms reduced, self-efficacy and distress tolerance both significantly increased. Importantly, increases in self-efficacy and distress tolerance mediated each other in explaining symptom reduction, suggesting a possible bi-directional effect. LIMITATIONS The temporal relationship between changes in self-efficacy and distress tolerance is worthy of further investigation. In addition, the current sample had limited racial diversity and might not be representative of patients receiving lower levels of care. Findings merit replication to be ascertained of their reliability. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest that during ERP, patients gain confidence in their abilities both to cope with general challenges and to withstand distress, potentially helping them engage with exposures and overcome initial fears. These findings provide support for the inhibitory learning model and highlight the mechanistic roles of self-efficacy and distress tolerance in ERP. Clinical implications to target both in treatment are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjia Xu
- Obsessive Compulsive Disorder Institute, McLean Hospital, United States of America
| | - Martha J Falkenstein
- Obsessive Compulsive Disorder Institute, McLean Hospital, United States of America; Harvard Medical School, United States of America
| | - Jennie M Kuckertz
- Obsessive Compulsive Disorder Institute, McLean Hospital, United States of America; Harvard Medical School, United States of America.
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Kennedy TM, Molina BSG, Pedersen SL. Change in Adolescents' Perceived ADHD Symptoms Across 17 Days of Ecological Momentary Assessment. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHOLOGY : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL FOR THE SOCIETY OF CLINICAL CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHOLOGY, AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION, DIVISION 53 2024; 53:397-412. [PMID: 35882042 PMCID: PMC9877248 DOI: 10.1080/15374416.2022.2096043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To test whether adolescents' perceived ADHD symptoms may improve while monitoring them throughout the day. METHOD In a sample of 90 adolescents (Mage = 14.7; 66% boys, 34% girls; 76.7% White, 13.3% Black or African American, 8.9% more than one race, 1.1% "other") treated for ADHD by their pediatricians, this study examined: (1) whether self-rated ADHD symptoms decreased across 17 days of 4 times daily ecological momentary assessment (EMA) of symptoms and (2) whether completing versus missing an EMA survey was associated with lower self-rated ADHD symptoms in the subsequent hours. RESULTS Multilevel regression analyses showed that, on average, adolescents' perceived ADHD symptoms (inattention, hyperactivity, impulsivity, and total across domains) decreased across 17 days of EMA. Within person, symptoms were lower following completed versus missed EMA surveys. Significant moderating effects showed that the effect of completing the prior EMA survey weakened across the day and over the course of the 17 days. CONCLUSIONS This study is the first to document acute improvements in self-rated ADHD symptoms using EMA in adolescents' naturalistic environments. Symptom monitoring throughout the day may help adolescents improve their day-to-day ADHD, at least acutely, and holds promise as one component of mobile-health ADHD interventions.
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Buchner L, Moore SR, Finkenzeller T, Amesberger G, Rieser H, Würth S. Influence of running on incidental and integral vitality and fatigue: An intensive longitudinal intervention in young Women's daily life. Appl Psychol Health Well Being 2024. [PMID: 38689528 DOI: 10.1111/aphw.12547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Exercise intensity and perceived autonomy are important factors for the affective response toward exercise and adherence. Dual-mode theory suggests an inverted-J response curve of affect with increased exercise intensity, but little is known about how different running programs affect the affective response and subsequent incidental affect in daily life. This ambulatory assessment study examines the short- to long-term effects of two 8-week running interventions (affect-based vs. polarized-prescribed) on subjective vitality and perceived fatigue in young female novices. Participants engaged in 3 × 30 minute running sessions weekly in their natural environments and completed electronic diaries three times daily. Autoregressive multilevel models indicate small effects of training intensity on immediate affective subjective vitality (ß = -2.37; p = .03; f2 = 0.02) but negligible non-significant effects on fatigue (ß = 0.26; p = 0.12; f2 = 0.002). Novices experienced increased vitality throughout the day when their running was evaluated positively (ß = 0.23; p = .03; f2 = 0.04), with effects lasting over two days before returning to baseline (ß = -0.26; p < .001; f2 = 0.004). However, no significant long-term effects were observed over 8 weeks in vitality or fatigue. Results indicate between- and within-person variations, but limited sample power does not allow differentiating between programs. This study supports the dual-mode theory and highlights the importance of distinguishing affective response from incidental affect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Buchner
- Department of Sport Science and Kinesiology, University of Salzburg, Department for Sport and Exercise Science, Schloßallee 49, A-5400 Hallein-Rif, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Stephanie R Moore
- Department of Sport Science and Kinesiology, University of Salzburg, Department for Sport and Exercise Science, Schloßallee 49, A-5400 Hallein-Rif, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Thomas Finkenzeller
- Department of Sport Science and Kinesiology, University of Salzburg, Department for Sport and Exercise Science, Schloßallee 49, A-5400 Hallein-Rif, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Günter Amesberger
- Department of Sport Science and Kinesiology, University of Salzburg, Department for Sport and Exercise Science, Schloßallee 49, A-5400 Hallein-Rif, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Harald Rieser
- Salzburg Research Forschungsgesellschaft m.b.H., Jakob Haringer Straße 5/3, Salzburg, 5020, Austria
| | - Sabine Würth
- Department of Sport Science and Kinesiology, University of Salzburg, Department for Sport and Exercise Science, Schloßallee 49, A-5400 Hallein-Rif, Salzburg, Austria
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Landon LB, Miller JCW, Bell ST, Roma PG. When people start getting real: The Group Living Skills Survey for extreme work environments. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1348119. [PMID: 38689722 PMCID: PMC11060178 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1348119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Group living skills (GLS), that is, being tidy and considerate of others, are an important skillset for teams who live and work together. However, this construct does not have a validated measure to enable an understanding of how group living skills influence team dynamics over time. We developed and validated a short measure of group living skills for teams living in extreme work environments. Methods We collected data from 83 individuals in 24 teams living and working in space and spaceflight analog environments on missions of 45-240 days. Results We provide evidence of reliability and validity for the GLS Survey over time and identify a two-factor structure. We also demonstrate its use as a measure of team-level dynamics and its utility as a sociometric measure to identify a person's degree of group living skills. Discussion We outline recommendations for using this new measure in future research and applied settings to understand this unique aspect of teams living and working together.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Blackwell Landon
- Behavioral Health and Performance Laboratory, Biomedical Research and Environmental Sciences Division, Human Health and Performance Directorate, KBR, at NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Jennifer C. W. Miller
- Behavioral Health and Performance Laboratory, Biomedical Research and Environmental Sciences Division, Human Health and Performance Directorate, JES Tech, at NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Suzanne T. Bell
- Behavioral Health and Performance Laboratory, Biomedical Research and Environmental Sciences Division, Human Health and Performance Directorate, NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Peter G. Roma
- Behavioral Health and Performance Laboratory, Biomedical Research and Environmental Sciences Division, Human Health and Performance Directorate, KBR, at NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX, United States
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Johal SK, Ferrer E. Variation in emotion dynamics over time is associated with future relationship outcomes. Front Hum Neurosci 2024; 18:1331859. [PMID: 38606201 PMCID: PMC11007024 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2024.1331859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Romantic relationships are defined by emotion dynamics, or how the emotions of one partner at a single timepoint can affect their own emotions and the emotions of their partner at the next timepoint. Previous research has shown that the level of these emotion dynamics plays a role in determining the state and quality of the relationship. However, this research has not examined whether the estimated emotion dynamics change over time, and how the change in these dynamics might relate to relationship outcomes, despite changes in dynamics being likely to occur. We examined whether the magnitude of variation in emotion dynamics over time was associated with relationship outcomes in a sample of 148 couples. Time-varying vector autoregressive models were used to estimate the emotion dynamics for each couple, and the average and standard deviation of the dynamics over time was related to relationship quality and relationship dissolution 1-2 years later. Our results demonstrate that certain autoregressive and cross-lagged parameters do show significant variation over time, and that this variation is associated with relationship outcomes. Overall, this study demonstrates the importance of accounting for change in emotion dynamics over time, and the relevance of this change to the prediction of future outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simran K. Johal
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
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Benner AD, Alers-Rojas F, López BA, Chen S. "Some people will tell jokes to you; some people be racist:" A mixed-method examination of racist jokes and adolescents' well-being. Child Dev 2024. [PMID: 38533602 DOI: 10.1111/cdev.14095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
This study examined how adolescents make meaning of racist jokes and their impact on daily well-being using a sequential mixed-methods research design with interview (N = 20; 60% girls, 5% gender-nonconforming; 45% Asian American, 40% Latina/o/x, 10% Black, 5% biracial/multiethnic) and daily diary data (N = 168; 54% girls; 57% Latina/o/x, 21% biracial/multiethnic, 10% Asian American, 9% White, 4% Black). Qualitative results revealed that racist jokes were common, distinct from other overt forms of discrimination, and perceived as harmless when perpetrated by friends. Quantitatively, approximately half of adolescents reported hearing at least one racist joke during the study period, and racist jokes by friends were associated with higher daily angry, anxious, and depressed moods and stress. Racist jokes by known others and strangers were also significantly associated with poorer well-being, although less consistently. Findings highlight the hidden harmful effects of racist jokes on adolescents' daily mood and stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aprile D Benner
- Department of Human Development and Family Sciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Francheska Alers-Rojas
- Department of Human Development and Family Sciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Briana A López
- Department of Human Development and Family Sciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Shanting Chen
- Department of Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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Wang X, McGowan AL, Fosco GM, Falk EB, Bassett DS, Lydon-Staley DM. A socioemotional network perspective on momentary experiences of family conflict in young adults. FAMILY PROCESS 2024. [PMID: 38529525 DOI: 10.1111/famp.12995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Family conflict is an established predictor of psychopathology in youth. Traditional approaches focus on between-family differences in conflict. Daily fluctuations in conflict within families might also impact psychopathology, but more research is needed to understand how and why. Using 21 days of daily diary data and 6-times a day experience-sampling data (N = 77 participants; mean age = 21.18, SD = 1.75; 63 women, 14 men), we captured day-to-day and within-day fluctuations in family conflict, anger, anxiety, and sadness. Using multilevel models, we find that days of higher-than-usual anger are also days of higher-than-usual family conflict. Examining associations between family conflict and emotions within days, we find that moments of higher-than-usual anger predict higher-than-usual family conflict later in the day. We observe substantial between-family differences in these patterns with implications for psychopathology; youth showing the substantial interplay between family conflict and emotions across time had a more perseverative family conflict and greater trait anxiety. Overall, findings indicate the importance of increases in youth anger for experiences of family conflict during young adulthood and demonstrate how intensive repeated measures coupled with network analytic approaches can capture long-theorized notions of reciprocal processes in daily family life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Wang
- Annenberg School for Communication, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Amanda L McGowan
- Annenberg School for Communication, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Gregory M Fosco
- Human Development & Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, Pennsylvania, USA
- The Edna Bennett Pierce Prevention Research Center, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Emily B Falk
- Annenberg School for Communication, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Marketing Department, Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Dani S Bassett
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Electrical & Systems Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA
| | - David M Lydon-Staley
- Annenberg School for Communication, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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11
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Luo X, Hu Y, Liu H. Assessing Between- and Within-Person Reliabilities of Items and Scale for Daily Procrastination: A Multilevel and Dynamic Approach. Assessment 2024:10731911241235467. [PMID: 38494892 DOI: 10.1177/10731911241235467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Intensive longitudinal data (ILD) has been collected to capture the dynamic fluctuations of procrastination; however, researchers have typically measured daily procrastination by modifying trait measures (e.g., adding a time reference "today") without adequately testing their reliabilities. The main purpose of this study was to use an advanced approach, dynamic structural equation modeling, to assess the between- and within-person reliabilities of a widely used six-item measure of daily procrastination. A total of 252 participants completed retrospective measures of various types of trait procrastination and daily measures of procrastination over 34 consecutive days. The results showed that the entire scale for daily procrastination and five of its six items had high between- and within-person reliabilities, but one item had much lower reliabilities, suggesting that this item may be inappropriate in everyday contexts. Furthermore, we found moderate to strong associations between the latent trait factor of procrastination and trait measures of procrastination. In addition, we identified substantial between-person variation in person-specific reliabilities and explored its relevant factors. Overall, this study assessed the reliabilities of a daily measure of procrastination, which facilitated future studies to obtain more reliable and consistent results and to better estimate the reliability of ILD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yueqin Hu
- Beijing Normal University, P.R. China
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12
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Alfi-Yogev T, Kivity Y, Atzil-Slonim D, Paz A, Igra L, Lavi-Rotenberg A, Hasson-Ohayon I. Transdiagnostic effects of therapist self-disclosure on diverse emotional experiences of clients with emotional disorders and schizophrenia. J Clin Psychol 2024; 80:678-691. [PMID: 38265356 DOI: 10.1002/jclp.23648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Despite the clinical significance of emotional diversity, also known as emodiversity, there has been limited investigation into the therapeutic interventions that influence this construct. In the current study we examined the association between immediate therapist self-disclosure (TSD) and emodiversity among two diagnostic groups who tend to experience emotional difficulties: people with schizophrenia and people with emotional disorders (i.e., depression and/or anxiety). METHOD The sample comprised 74 clients (37 diagnosed with schizophrenia and 37 with emotional disorders) treated by 45 therapists in a university clinic setting. Following each session, clients self-reported their emotions, and therapists completed a measure of frequency and centrality of their immediate TSD during the session. RESULTS Longitudinal multilevel models indicated that immediate TSD was positively associated with clients' global emodiversity, both at the within- and the between-client levels, as well as with clients' negative emodiversity at the between-client level. Moreover, clients with emotional disorders and clients with schizophrenia did not differ in the association between immediate TSD and emodiversity. In addition, across groups, clients treated by therapists who used more immediate TSD on average showed greater increases in global emodiversity during treatment. CONCLUSIONS immediate TSD is associated with clients' ability to experience rich and diverse emotional experiences across different disorders. The theoretical and clinical implications of these findings are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tal Alfi-Yogev
- Department of Psychology, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Yogev Kivity
- Department of Psychology, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | | | - Adar Paz
- Department of Psychology, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Libby Igra
- Department of Psychology, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
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Chen S, Benner A, Kim SY. Peer-based discrimination and adolescent emotional and sleep health: A daily examination of direct and buffering associations. Child Dev 2024; 95:574-592. [PMID: 37908138 DOI: 10.1111/cdev.14025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Using 10-day daily diary data collected in 2019 from 10th grade students in southern U.S. (N = 161, 57% Latina/x/o, 21% Biracial, 10% Asian, 9% White, 4% Black; 55% female, Mage = 15.51), this study examined various forms of peer-based discrimination in adolescents' everyday lives. Results showed that personally experienced discrimination, peer racial teasing, and vicarious discrimination were frequent and impactful events. Results also provided strong evidence for the protective role of psychological resilience and some evidence for the protective-reactive roles of peer support and school climate in moderating the link between peer-based discrimination and daily well-being. The findings highlight the necessity to eliminate peer-based discrimination and shed light on interventions to reduce the harmful effects of peer-based discrimination on adolescents' daily well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanting Chen
- Department of Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Aprile Benner
- Department of Human Development and Family Sciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Su Yeong Kim
- Department of Human Development and Family Sciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
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Mehak A, Bicaker E, Racine SE. The roles of negative affect and emotion differentiation in the experience of 'feeling fat' among undergraduate students: An ecological momentary assessment study. Body Image 2024; 48:101681. [PMID: 38310706 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2024.101681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
'Feeling fat' is the somatic experience of being overweight not fully explained by objective body mass. According to the body displacement hypothesis, 'feeling fat' occurs when diffuse negative emotions are projected onto the body in lieu of adaptive emotion regulation. Emotion differentiation, the ability to experience and label discrete emotions, is an important skill for adaptively addressing emotion that may reduce 'feeling fat.' We hypothesized that individuals with better negative emotion differentiation would be less likely to report 'feeling fat' when experiencing high negative emotion. We collected ecological momentary assessment data from 198 undergraduate students (52.24% female). Multilevel modeling revealed that both within-person increases in negative emotions and the tendency to experience greater negative emotion were associated with greater 'feeling fat.' Of the specific types of negative emotion, guilt and sadness predicted 'feeling fat.' Contrary to hypotheses, individuals with better emotion differentiation were more likely to report 'feeling fat' after experiencing elevated negative affect. These findings contradict the primary clinical conceptualization of 'feeling fat,' suggesting that factors beyond displacement of negative emotions onto the body may be responsible for 'feeling fat'. Results in a sample with pronounced shape/weight concern may better support the traditional clinical understanding of 'feeling fat.'
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ege Bicaker
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, Canada
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Uhl J, Eberhardt S, Schwartz B, Rafaeli E, Lutz W. Emotion dynamics of clients with test anxiety before and after an imagery-based treatment. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry 2024; 82:101909. [PMID: 37714799 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2023.101909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Imagery-based techniques have become a promising means in the treatment of test anxiety (TA). Although previous studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of imagery-based treatment, not all clients seem to benefit from it. The present study compares clients' pre- as well as post-treatment emotion dynamics between responders and non-responders. Furthermore, it examines treatment-related changes in emotion dynamics in both subgroups. METHODS The results are based on 44 clients suffering from TA who underwent a six-session imagery-based treatment and include Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA). Emotions were assessed with the Profile of Mood States four times a day over the course of two weeks before and after the treatment. Temporal networks were computed to index emotion dynamics. RESULTS Pre-treatment emotion dynamics differed between responders and non-responders. Similarly, post-treatment emotion dynamics differed as well between both groups. Some changes were also observed between pre-treatment and post-treatment networks: for responders, fatigue no longer predicted anger, and depression predicted itself; for non-responders, calmness predicted fatigue, anger, depression, contentment, and anxiety. In addition, fatigue no longer predicted itself and anxiety predicted vigor. LIMITATIONS The investigation is marked by several limitations: a liberal inclusion threshold of at least a 50% response to EMA prompts, and a relatively homogenous sample. CONCLUSION These results provide first evidence for the idea that emotion dynamics may be associated with response to treatment for TA. Furthermore, effective imagery-based treatments may be tied to changes within these dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Uhl
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University Trier, Trier, Germany.
| | - Steffen Eberhardt
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University Trier, Trier, Germany
| | - Brian Schwartz
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University Trier, Trier, Germany
| | - Eshkol Rafaeli
- Department of Psychology, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Wolfgang Lutz
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University Trier, Trier, Germany
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16
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Li C, Wang R, Zhu N, Kong F. Childhood maltreatment and depressed mood in female college students: A daily diary analysis. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2024; 149:106611. [PMID: 38159407 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2023.106611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood maltreatment has well-documented relations with depressed mood. However, few studies have used a daily diary methodology to investigate the association between all five forms of childhood maltreatment (emotional, physical, and sexual abuse, emotional and physical neglect) and depressed mood, and the mechanisms underlying the association remain unclear. OBJECTIVE The current study sought to examine the associations of multiple forms of childhood maltreatment with depressed mood via a 14-day daily diary methodology, and investigate the mediating effects of self-compassion and perceived social support. METHODS A sample of 220 Chinese female college students (Mage = 19.13 years) participated in this study and completed questionnaires regarding childhood maltreatment, self-compassion, perceived social support and depressed mood. RESULTS The multilevel regression analysis indicated that only emotional abuse was slightly associated with depressed mood, while emotional neglect, physical abuse, physical neglect, or sexual abuse were not associated with depressed mood. The multilevel mediation analysis further revealed that self-compassion and perceived social support independently mediated the association of childhood emotional abuse with depressed mood. CONCLUSIONS Overall, these results emphasize the specific association between childhood emotional abuse and daily depressed mood, and further support self-compassion and perceived social support as explanatory mechanisms linking childhood emotional abuse with later depressed mood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengcheng Li
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Behavior and Cognitive Neuroscience, School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Rixin Wang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Behavior and Cognitive Neuroscience, School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ningzhe Zhu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Behavior and Cognitive Neuroscience, School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Feng Kong
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Behavior and Cognitive Neuroscience, School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China.
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17
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Dyar C. The cumulative effects of stigma-related stress: Chronic stigma-related stress exposure exacerbates daily associations between enacted stigma and anxious/depressed affect. Soc Sci Med 2024; 344:116604. [PMID: 38281458 PMCID: PMC10923191 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2024.116604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Sexual and gender minority individuals are at elevated risk for mood and anxiety disorders compared to heterosexual and cisgender individuals. Ecological momentary assessments studies have implicated experiences of enacted stigma (i.e., biased treatment) by linking these experiences with elevations in anxious and depressed affect. The current study utilizes a theory from the broader stress and affect literature to determine whether chronic enacted stigma exposure amplifies individuals' negative affective reactions to experiences of enacted stigma at the daily level. METHODS We used data from a 30-day ecological momentary assessment study with 429 sexual minority women and gender diverse sexual minorities assigned female at birth (SMWGD) living in the US in 2020-21 to determine whether concurrent and prospective event-level associations between enacted stigma, anxious/depressed affect, and perceived coping efficacy were moderated by chronic enacted stigma exposure. RESULTS Results demonstrate that individuals with moderate to high chronic stigma exposure experience larger increases in anxious/depressed affect and larger decreases in perceived coping efficacy following daily experiences of enacted stigma. Further, these effects of daily stigma on anxious/depressed affect persist for longer among individuals with high chronic stigma exposure. Interestingly, chronic stigma exposure did not moderate associations between daily general stressors (i.e., those unrelated to identity) and affect or perceived coping efficacy, suggesting that these effects are specific to stigma-related stressors. CONCLUSIONS These results help to advance our understanding of both long-term and daily effects of exposure to enacted stigma, highlighting the potentially profound cumulative effects of stigma exposure and the need to intervene in this cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Dyar
- College of Nursing, Ohio State University, 393 Newton Hall 1585 Neil Ave Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
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18
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Dyar C, Crosby S, Newcomb ME, Mustanski B, Kaysen D. Doomscrolling: Prospective associations between daily COVID news exposure, internalizing symptoms, and substance use among sexual and gender minority individuals assigned female at birth. PSYCHOLOGY OF SEXUAL ORIENTATION AND GENDER DIVERSITY 2024; 11:139-152. [PMID: 38737889 PMCID: PMC11081596 DOI: 10.1037/sgd0000585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Cross-sectional studies have demonstrated associations between COVID news exposure, anxiety, and depression. However, longitudinal research examining the directionality of these associations is extremely limited. Further, most studies have focused on the general population and neglected sexual and gender minority individuals (SGM), a population disproportionately impacted by the pandemic. To address these limitations, the current study utilized data from a 30-day diary study of SGM assigned female at birth (N = 429). We examined concurrent and prospective associations between COVID news exposure, depressed and anxious affect, COVID distress, substance use, and motives for use. Further, we examined associations between cumulative COVID news exposure across the diary period and prospective changes in anxiety, depression, and COVID distress. When participants were exposed to more COVID news, they experienced more depressed and anxious affect, more COVID distress, less positive affect, and were more likely to use alcohol and cannabis to cope. Further, when participants were exposed to more COVID news, they experienced subsequent increases in depressed affect, decreases in positive affect, and increases in the likelihood of using cannabis to cope. Findings also provided evidence of bi-directional prospective associations between COVID news exposure and COVID distress and of a cumulative impact of COVID news exposure on anxiety, depression, and COVID distress. Findings suggest that individuals should balance the need to remain informed about the pandemic and their own mental health when considering how much COVID news to consume.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Michael E. Newcomb
- Institute for Sexual and Gender Minority Health and Wellbeing, Northwestern University
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University
| | - Brian Mustanski
- Institute for Sexual and Gender Minority Health and Wellbeing, Northwestern University
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University
| | - Debra Kaysen
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine
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19
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Alegría M, Cruz-Gonzalez M, Yip T, Wang L, Park IJK, Fukuda M, Valentino K, Giraldo-Santiago N, Zhen-Duan J, Alvarez K, Barrutia XA, Shrout PE. Yearly and Daily Discrimination-Related Stressors and Mexican Youth's Mental Health and Sleep: Insights From the First Wave of a Three-Wave Family Study. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2024:S0890-8567(24)00066-2. [PMID: 38367767 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2023.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Research is needed to examine discrimination-related stressors and their social and psychological shaping of mental health and sleep outcomes of Latinx youth. The background, design, and methodology of a longitudinal study of Mexican families in Indiana and the initial findings of associations between discrimination-related stressors and youth mental health and sleep outcomes are presented. METHOD Initiating wave 1 of a 3-wave (yearly) longitudinal study, investigators surveyed an ethnically homogeneous sample of 344 Mexican-origin adolescents (ages 12-15) and their primary caregivers, assessing risks and protective factors for mental health and sleep outcomes. Youth also completed a one-time 21-day daily diary after wave 1. Self-reported measures of youth mental health, sleep, and discrimination across wave 1 and the daily diary were evaluated to compare the cross-sectional (wave 1) and daily associations between discrimination and youth mental health and sleep outcomes. RESULTS Of youth, 88.1% reported at least one incident of lifetime discrimination. Almost one-third had elevated depressive symptoms, 44.5% had probable generalized anxiety disorder, and 50.9% had poor sleep quality. Between-youth correlations at wave 1 and in the daily diary were consistent in that perceived racial discrimination was positively correlated with worse mental health and poorer sleep quality. Smaller within-youth correlations were observed in the daily diary, but there was striking variability in the effect of discrimination across youth. CONCLUSION The present results illustrate the powerful methods of combining yearly and daily time data to investigate how and for whom discrimination-related stressors lead to adverse outcomes. DIVERSITY & INCLUSION STATEMENT We worked to ensure that the study questionnaires were prepared in an inclusive way. One or more of the authors of this paper self-identifies as a member of one or more historically underrepresented racial and/or ethnic groups in science. One or more of the authors of this paper self-identifies as a member of one or more historically underrepresented sexual and/or gender groups in science. We actively worked to promote inclusion of historically underrepresented racial and/or ethnic groups in science in our author group. While citing references scientifically relevant for this work, we also actively worked to promote inclusion of historically underrepresented racial and/or ethnic groups in science in our reference list. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION INFORMATION Seguimos Avanzando - Latino Youth Coping With Discrimination; https://clinicaltrials.gov/; NCT04875208.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarita Alegría
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
| | - Mario Cruz-Gonzalez
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Lijuan Wang
- University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana
| | - Irene J K Park
- Indiana University School of Medicine-South Bend, South Bend, Indiana
| | - Marie Fukuda
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | | | - Jenny Zhen-Duan
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kiara Alvarez
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
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20
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Schneider S, Junghaenel DU, Smyth JM, Fred Wen CK, Stone AA. Just-in-time adaptive ecological momentary assessment (JITA-EMA). Behav Res Methods 2024; 56:765-783. [PMID: 36840916 PMCID: PMC10450096 DOI: 10.3758/s13428-023-02083-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
Interest in just-in-time adaptive interventions (JITAI) has rapidly increased in recent years. One core challenge for JITAI is the efficient and precise measurement of tailoring variables that are used to inform the timing of momentary intervention delivery. Ecological momentary assessment (EMA) is often used for this purpose, even though EMA in its traditional form was not designed specifically to facilitate momentary interventions. In this article, we introduce just-in-time adaptive EMA (JITA-EMA) as a strategy to reduce participant response burden and decrease measurement error when EMA is used as a tailoring variable in JITAI. JITA-EMA builds on computerized adaptive testing methods developed for purposes of classification (computerized classification testing, CCT), and applies them to the classification of momentary states within individuals. The goal of JITA-EMA is to administer a small and informative selection of EMA questions needed to accurately classify an individual's current state at each measurement occasion. After illustrating the basic components of JITA-EMA (adaptively choosing the initial and subsequent items to administer, adaptively stopping item administration, accommodating dynamically tailored classification cutoffs), we present two simulation studies that explored the performance of JITA-EMA, using the example of momentary fatigue states. Compared with conventional EMA item selection methods that administered a fixed set of questions at each moment, JITA-EMA yielded more accurate momentary classification with fewer questions administered. Our results suggest that JITA-EMA has the potential to enhance some approaches to mobile health interventions by facilitating efficient and precise identification of momentary states that may inform intervention tailoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Schneider
- Dornsife Center for Self-Report Science & Center for Economic and Social Research, University of Southern California, 635 Downey Way, Los Angeles, CA, 90089-3332, USA.
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Doerte U Junghaenel
- Dornsife Center for Self-Report Science & Center for Economic and Social Research, University of Southern California, 635 Downey Way, Los Angeles, CA, 90089-3332, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Joshua M Smyth
- Biobehavioral Health and Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, USA
| | - Cheng K Fred Wen
- Dornsife Center for Self-Report Science & Center for Economic and Social Research, University of Southern California, 635 Downey Way, Los Angeles, CA, 90089-3332, USA
| | - Arthur A Stone
- Dornsife Center for Self-Report Science & Center for Economic and Social Research, University of Southern California, 635 Downey Way, Los Angeles, CA, 90089-3332, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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21
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Dyar C. Prospective examination of mechanisms linking minority stress and anxious/depressed affect at the event level: The roles of emotion regulation strategies and proximal minority stressors. JOURNAL OF PSYCHOPATHOLOGY AND CLINICAL SCIENCE 2024; 133:178-191. [PMID: 38095971 PMCID: PMC10842229 DOI: 10.1037/abn0000882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While studies have linked sexual minority stress with anxious/depressed affect, few studies have prospectively examined how mechanistic processes linking minority stress and anxious/depressed affect unfold in near-real time. Furthermore, studies of mechanisms have focused exclusively on rumination and proximal minority stressors (e.g., internalized stigma). This limits our understanding of other potential mechanisms, such as decreases in the use of reappraisal and reflection, strategies associated with reducing anxious/depressed affect. METHOD We used data from a 30-day ecological momentary assessment study with 429 sexual minority women and gender diverse sexual minorities assigned female at birth to determine whether concurrent and prospective event-level associations between minority stress and anxious/depressed affect were mediated by changes in six emotion regulation strategies, perceived coping efficacy, and proximal stressors. RESULTS In partially lagged analyses, when individuals experienced enacted or internalized stigma, they reported increased rumination and expressive suppression on the same day, which predicted increases in anxious/depressed affect into the next day. Decreases in reappraisal also mediated partially lagged associations between internalized stigma and anxious/depressed affect. Fully lagged mediation was only demonstrated for rumination as a mechanism linking internalized stigma with anxious/depressed affect. We found concurrent evidence for other mechanisms (i.e., perceived coping efficacy, reflection, internalized stigma, and rejection sensitivity). CONCLUSIONS Results provided support for the roles of rumination and expressive suppression as mechanisms of linking minority stress and anxious/depressed affect. The concurrent evidence for other mechanisms suggests that future research with more temporal resolution is necessary to determine the temporality and directionality of these associations. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).
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22
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Schmid J, Moschko T, Riccio M, Snyder KA, Gawrilow C, Stadler G. Self-control fluctuates from day to day and is linked to subjective well-being within and between persons. Appl Psychol Health Well Being 2024; 16:254-272. [PMID: 37582548 DOI: 10.1111/aphw.12482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
The psychological trait of self-control has been linked to interindividual differences in subjective well-being: Individuals with higher self-control report less negative affect, more positive affect, and higher life satisfaction. However, less is known about how much self-control fluctuates from day to day and how these fluctuations are related to subjective well-being. This intensive longitudinal study describes day-to-day fluctuations in self-control and investigates whether and how they are related to subjective well-being. A sample of 64 undergraduate students at the entry phase of university (M = 22.55 years, SD = 6.51, range = 18-53, 97% female) provided 1459 reports of their self-control and subjective well-being, collected every evening across three 9-day measurement bursts over 6 months. Participants' self-control fluctuated substantially from day to day with less than 40% of the variability in daily self-control being attributable to interindividual differences in self-control. On days with higher self-control, participants reported less negative affect, more serenity, and higher life satisfaction. We found no relationship between self-control and vigor. The findings suggest that researchers need to go beyond current assessment practices and theories treating self-control as a stable trait to help develop tailored well-being interventions for everyday life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Schmid
- Department of Child and Adolescence Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Center for Research on Individual Developmental and Adaptive Education of Children at Risk (IDeA), Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Tomasz Moschko
- Department of Psychology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Gender in Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthew Riccio
- Department of Psychology, New York University, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Caterina Gawrilow
- Center for Research on Individual Developmental and Adaptive Education of Children at Risk (IDeA), Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Department of Psychology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- LEAD Graduate School and Research Network, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Gertraud Stadler
- Gender in Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Applied Health Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
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23
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Temple J, Gemma Cherry M, Gray V, Jones A, Fisher P. Experience sampling methodology study of anxiety and depression in adolescents with epilepsy: The role of metacognitive beliefs and perseverative thinking. Epilepsy Behav 2024; 151:109599. [PMID: 38160577 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2023.109599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Emotional distress is common in young people with epilepsy (YPwE). According to the Self-Regulatory Executive Function (S-REF) model, maladaptive metacognitive beliefs and perseverative thinking are fundamental in the development and maintenance of emotional distress. As emotional distress and perseverative thinking can highly fluctuate over short intervals in YPwE, it is important to account for this variability when testing the utility of psychological models. Experience sampling methodology (ESM) was therefore used to explore the momentary relationship between metacognitive beliefs, perseverative thinking, and emotional distress in YPwE. Eighteen participants diagnosed with epilepsy (aged 12-17 years) completed the 10-day ESM period. Participants were prompted to complete the ESM assessment five times daily. The ESM assessment assessed participant's momentary levels of metacognitive beliefs, perseverative thinking (i.e., worry and rumination), and emotional distress (i.e., anxiety and depression). A series of multilevel regression analyses indicated that metacognitive beliefs were significantly positively associated with worry, rumination, anxiety and depression. After controlling for worry and rumination, respectively, metacognitive beliefs did not account for additional variance in anxiety or depression. Findings provide preliminary support for the utility of the S-REF model for emotional distress in YPwE. Metacognitive therapy, which is underpinned by the S-REF model, may be an appropriate intervention for emotional distress in YPwE. Future studies should assess the mediational relationship between metacognitive beliefs, perseverative thinking, and emotional distress using time-lagged models.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Temple
- Department of Primary Care and Mental Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK; Mersey Care NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - Mary Gemma Cherry
- Department of Primary Care and Mental Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK; Clinical Health Psychology Service, Liverpool University NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK.
| | - Victoria Gray
- Psychological Services (Paediatrics), Alder Hey Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - Andrew Jones
- Department of Psychology, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, L3 3AF, UK
| | - Peter Fisher
- Department of Primary Care and Mental Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK; Clinical Health Psychology Service, Liverpool University NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
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24
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Berg CA, Tracy EL, Boggess SB, Butner JE, Loyola MDR, Wiebe DJ. Global stress and daily general and type 1 diabetes stressors and links to daily affect and diabetes outcomes during emerging adulthood. J Behav Med 2024; 47:82-93. [PMID: 37389781 DOI: 10.1007/s10865-023-00425-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
We examined how global stress and general stressors of daily life relate to emotional well-being and type 1 diabetes (T1D) outcomes and amplify the effects of diabetes stressors in emerging adults. Two-hundred and seven 18-19-year-olds with T1D (duration 8.47 years) completed the Perceived Stress Scale (global stress) and a daily diary assessing daily diabetes and general stressors, positive and negative affect, self-care behaviors, and blood glucose (BG). Multi-level analyses indicated that global stress and within-person daily general and diabetes stressors were associated with more negative and less positive affect. In addition, general stress (between-person) was associated with more negative affect. Global stress amplified the association between daily diabetes stressors and negative affect, with greater affect reactivity to stress for those experiencing higher global stress. Global stress and both within- and between-person diabetes stressors were associated with lower self-care and higher BG. Emerging adults' general stressors in their daily lives relate to poorer well-being beyond the experience of diabetes stressors.
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25
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Vuijk P, Bul K, Buil M, Rauws M, Curie K, Amesz C, Weerheijm R, Riper H. Effectiveness of a blended school-based mindfulness program for the prevention of co-rumination and internalizing problems in Dutch secondary school girls: a cluster randomized controlled trial. Trials 2024; 25:40. [PMID: 38212820 PMCID: PMC10785508 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-023-07885-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A growing body of literature indicates that adolescent girls who talk with close friends about interpersonal problems or worries in an excessive, speculative way, and with an intense focus on distress (i.e., co-rumination) are at heightened risk for developing internalizing symptoms and disorders as well as reduced friendship quality. However, to date, there are no prevention programs available that target high levels of co-rumination between adolescent girls. As such, we developed the blended school-based mindfulness prevention program Happy Friends, Positive Minds (HFPM) that targets co-rumination at the dyadic level, i.e., between two close female friends. The aim of this trial is to evaluate the effectiveness of HFPM to reduce co-rumination and internalizing problems and to enhance wellbeing and social-emotional behavior in Dutch adolescent girls. METHODS A cluster Randomized Controlled Trial (cRCT) will be conducted to evaluate HFPM effectiveness. We will recruit 160 female friendship dyads (n = 320 girls) aged 13 to 15 years who will be characterized by high levels of self-reported co-rumination. The cRCT has two arms: (1) an intervention condition in which 160 girls (80 friendship dyads) will receive the 14-week HFPM program in two consecutive cohorts (cohort 1 in academic year 2023/2024 and cohort 2 in academic year 2024/2025, and (2) a control condition in which 160 girls (80 dyads) will receive care-as-usual (CAU) in two consecutive cohorts (cohort 1 in academic year 2023/2024 and cohort 2 in academic year 2024/2025). Data will be collected at baseline (T0), during the program (T1;T2; T3), immediately after the program (T4), and at 1-year follow-up (T5). Participant-level self-reported risk for (early onset) depression and anxiety, self-reported and observed co-rumination, self- and friend-reported friendship quality, self-reported positive and negative affect, self-reported interpersonal responses to positive affect, and self-reported anhedonia symptoms will be the outcome variables. DISCUSSION This study will provide insights into the short-term and long-term effects of the HFPM program on girls' internalizing problems, wellbeing, and social-emotional behavior. TRIAL REGISTRATION International Standard Randomized Controlled Trials, identifier: ISRCTN54246670. Registered on 27 February 2023.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Vuijk
- Research Centre Innovations in Care, Rotterdam University of Applied Sciences, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
- Research Centre Urban Talent, Rotterdam University of Applied Sciences, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Kim Bul
- Institute for Health and Wellbeing, Centre for Intelligent Healthcare, Coventry University, Coventry, UK
| | - Marieke Buil
- Department of Clinical, Neuro- and Developmental Psychology, section Developmental Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marloes Rauws
- Research Centre Urban Talent, Rotterdam University of Applied Sciences, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Keshia Curie
- Research Centre Urban Talent, Rotterdam University of Applied Sciences, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Charlotte Amesz
- Research Centre Urban Talent, Rotterdam University of Applied Sciences, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ron Weerheijm
- Research Centre Innovations in Care, Rotterdam University of Applied Sciences, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Research Centre Urban Talent, Rotterdam University of Applied Sciences, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Heleen Riper
- Department of Clinical, Neuro- and Developmental Psychology, Section Clinical Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Mu CX, Lee S. The moderating role of trait and state mindfulness between daily sleep and physical pain symptoms: an ecological momentary assessment and actigraphy study. Psychol Health 2024; 39:91-108. [PMID: 35510694 DOI: 10.1080/08870446.2022.2069245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Objective: Poorer sleep quality and insufficient sleep increase the risk of physical pain. The current study examined the daily associations between sleep and physical pain symptoms and tested the moderating role of trait and state mindfulness in this relationship. Methods: Sixty hospital nurses (Mage=35.4 ± 11.8 years) completed 14-day ecological momentary assessment (EMA) and sleep actigraphy. EMA measured physical pain frequency and interference (1×/day) and state mindfulness (3×/day). Multilevel modelling was used to examine the associations at the between-person and within-person levels. Results: After nights with poorer sleep quality, lower sleep sufficiency, and more insomnia symptoms, the frequency of physical pain symptoms and pain interference were greater than usual. Overall, those with poorer sleep quality, lower sleep sufficiency, and more insomnia symptoms reported more physical pain symptoms and greater pain interference. Higher state mindfulness buffered the negative within-person association between sleep efficiency and physical pain frequency. There was evidence that the joint moderating effects of trait and state mindfulness yielded more protective benefits in the relationship between sleep quality and physical pain than trait or state mindfulness alone. Conclusion: Even without mindfulness training, one's mindfulness may be protective against the adverse effects of poor sleep quality on physical pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina X Mu
- School of Aging Studies, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Soomi Lee
- School of Aging Studies, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
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Simić A, Sacchi S, Perugini M. When Future Leads to a Moral Present: Future Self-Relatedness Predicts Moral Judgments and Behavior in Everyday Life. PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY BULLETIN 2023:1461672231211128. [PMID: 38053500 DOI: 10.1177/01461672231211128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Future self-perceptions seem to promote far-sighted decisions in intertemporal choices. Previous work suggested that future self-relatedness, the extent to which we feel similar and connected to our future self, is associated with moral concerns. We aimed to extend these findings to everyday moral judgments and behavior using experience sampling methods. In addition, we assessed how moral foundation concerns mediate the relationship between future self-relatedness and moral behavior. Participants (N = 151) reported their state-levels of future self-relatedness, individualizing, and binding moral foundations and answered whether they performed a moral action five times a day for seven days. Within- and between-participants future self-relatedness predicted daily fluctuations in individualizing and binding moral foundations concerns. On the behavioral level, only within-participants future self-relatedness predicted individualizing moral actions with individualizing moral foundations mediating this effect. Our findings suggest that within- and between-person changes in future self-relatedness might be used to predict everyday moral concerns and behavior.
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Grocott B, Battaglini AM, Jopling E, Tracy A, Rnic K, Sanchez-Lopez A, LeMoult J. Do markers of daily affect mediate associations between interpretation bias and depressive symptoms? A longitudinal study of early adolescents. J Adolesc 2023; 95:1628-1640. [PMID: 37563943 DOI: 10.1002/jad.12231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Early adolescence represents a time of heightened vulnerability for depression. Negative interpretation biases have been associated with increases in depressive symptoms during this developmental period; however, the mechanisms underlying the association between interpretation biases and depression remain poorly understood. Cognitive theories posit that interpretation biases give rise to depression by modulating daily affect, particularly in the context of stress. However, this has not yet been directly examined. The present study tested affect intensity and instability as mechanisms linking negative interpretation biases with change in adolescent depressive symptoms. METHODS Ninety-four adolescents (aged 11-13 years; 51% boys) from Vancouver, Canada, were recruited for this longitudinal study. At baseline (Time 1), participants self-reported depressive symptoms and completed the Scrambled Sentences Task to assess negative interpretation biases. Next, participants completed daily diaries to assess positive affect (PA) and negative affect (NA) during a naturalistic stressor-the first 2 weeks of high school (Time 2). Finally, participants self-reported depressive symptoms 3 months later (Time 3). Path models were conducted to test whether PA and NA intensity and instability mediated prospective associations between negative interpretation biases and depressive symptom changes. RESULTS Although NA intensity, NA instability, and PA instability predicted increases in depressive symptoms, only NA intensity mediated associations between interpretation biases and symptom changes. Neither PA intensity nor instability mediated these associations. CONCLUSIONS Elevated daily NA represents a specific mechanism through which stronger negative interpretation biases predict increases in depressive symptoms in adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bronwen Grocott
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | | | - Ellen Jopling
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Alison Tracy
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Katerina Rnic
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Alvaro Sanchez-Lopez
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid, Pozuelo de Alarcon, Spain
| | - Joelle LeMoult
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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Brown BA, Rottenberg J, Goodman FR. Social anxiety and interpersonal risk for suicidal ideation: A longitudinal daily diary analysis. Suicide Life Threat Behav 2023; 53:968-980. [PMID: 37638764 DOI: 10.1111/sltb.12996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Social anxiety is associated with elevated suicidal ideation (SI). One potential explanation is that socially anxious persons experience frequent interpersonal stressors that elicit SI. Longitudinal designs with temporal ordering are needed to adequately test this hypothesis. Therefore, this study leveraged a longitudinal design combining trait and daily reports. METHODS Two hundred eleven community adult participants with elevated levels of depression and/or social anxiety completed social anxiety and SI measures at baseline and again at a 1.5-month follow-up. Between these assessments, participants completed a 14-day diary study that assessed three forms of interpersonal distress: unfavorable social comparisons, perceived barriers to seeking social support, and loneliness. RESULTS As predicted, simple mediation models revealed that baseline social anxiety had a significant indirect effect on SI severity at 1.5 months postbaseline via unfavorable social comparisons (indirect effect: β = 0.07, p < 0.05) and barriers to seeking support (indirect effect: β = 0.08, p < 0.05); however, social anxiety did not have a significant indirect effect on SI severity through loneliness. CONCLUSION Study results are consistent with the proposition that increases in interpersonal distress may explain socially anxious persons' vulnerability to SI. Implications of these findings for the research, assessment, and treatment of suicidality in social anxiety are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley A Brown
- Department of Psychology, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | | | - Fallon R Goodman
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
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30
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Crenshaw AO, Libet J, Petty K, Teves JB, Huang A, Mitchell J. Subjective emotion trajectories in couple therapy and associations with improvement in relationship satisfaction. FAMILY PROCESS 2023; 62:1542-1554. [PMID: 36575606 DOI: 10.1111/famp.12843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Existing couple therapies are generally effective for reducing romantic relationship distress and divorce, but therapy outcomes remain poor for many. Outcomes can be improved through greater understanding of session-by-session therapeutic processes, particularly in real-world treatment settings. Modern couple therapy models commonly emphasize the importance of emotional experiences as key change processes, yet few empirical studies have tested the merits of this focus. The present study addresses this limitation by examining trajectories of subjective emotions and their association with change in a key relationship outcome, relationship satisfaction, among military veterans and their partners at a VA Medical Center. Partners rated their relationship satisfaction prior to couple therapy sessions and subjective emotions immediately after sessions. Consistent with hypotheses, both hard (e.g., anger) and soft (e.g., sadness) negative emotions decreased significantly over the course of therapy. Those couples with greater decreases in hard negative, but not soft negative, emotions showed significantly more improvement in relationship satisfaction. Positive emotions did not significantly change across couples in general, but those couples whose positive emotions did increase also showed more improvement in relationship satisfaction. These results suggest change in subjective emotions may be one process underlying improvement in couple therapy and lend empirical support to the emphasis on emotion-based change processes underlying acceptance-based and emotion-focused couple therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander O Crenshaw
- Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Julian Libet
- Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Karen Petty
- Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Jenna B Teves
- Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Alice Huang
- Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Jerez Mitchell
- Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
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Janssen LHC, Sloan CJ, Verkuil B, Van Houtum LAEM, Wever MCM, Fosco GM, Elzinga BM. Adolescents' and parents' affect in relation to discrepant perceptions of parental warmth in daily life. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE 2023; 33:1320-1334. [PMID: 37559198 DOI: 10.1111/jora.12879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
The current study aimed to evaluate how adolescents' and parents' perceptions of daily parenting-and their discrepancies-relate to daily parent and adolescent affect. Daily parental warmth and affect were assessed using electronic diaries in 150 American adolescent-parent dyads (61.3% females, Mage = 14.6, 83.3% White; 95.3% mothers, Mage = 43.4; 89.3% White) and in 80 Dutch adolescents with 79 mothers and 72 fathers (63.8% females, Mage = 15.9, 91.3% White; Mage = 49.0, 97.4% White). Results of preregistered models indicated that individuals' affect may be more important for perceptions of parenting than discrepancies between parent-adolescent reports of parenting for affect, stressing the need to be aware of this influence of affect on parenting reports in clinical and research settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loes H C Janssen
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition (LIBC), Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Carlie J Sloan
- Human Development and Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
- Edna Bennett Pierce Prevention Research Center, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Bart Verkuil
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition (LIBC), Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Lisanne A E M Van Houtum
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition (LIBC), Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Mirjam C M Wever
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition (LIBC), Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Gregory M Fosco
- Human Development and Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
- Edna Bennett Pierce Prevention Research Center, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Bernet M Elzinga
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition (LIBC), Leiden, the Netherlands
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Kang Y, Ahn J, Cosme D, Mwilambwe-Tshilobo L, McGowan A, Zhou D, Boyd ZM, Jovanova M, Stanoi O, Mucha PJ, Ochsner KN, Bassett DS, Lydon-Staley D, Falk EB. Frontoparietal functional connectivity moderates the link between time spent on social media and subsequent negative affect in daily life. Sci Rep 2023; 13:20501. [PMID: 37993522 PMCID: PMC10665348 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-46040-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Evidence on the harms and benefits of social media use is mixed, in part because the effects of social media on well-being depend on a variety of individual difference moderators. Here, we explored potential neural moderators of the link between time spent on social media and subsequent negative affect. We specifically focused on the strength of correlation among brain regions within the frontoparietal system, previously associated with the top-down cognitive control of attention and emotion. Participants (N = 54) underwent a resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging scan. Participants then completed 28 days of ecological momentary assessment and answered questions about social media use and negative affect, twice a day. Participants who spent more than their typical amount of time on social media since the previous time point reported feeling more negative at the present moment. This within-person temporal association between social media use and negative affect was mainly driven by individuals with lower resting state functional connectivity within the frontoparietal system. By contrast, time spent on social media did not predict subsequent affect for individuals with higher frontoparietal functional connectivity. Our results highlight the moderating role of individual functional neural connectivity in the relationship between social media and affect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoona Kang
- Department of Psychology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Camden, NJ, 08102, USA.
- Annenberg School for Communication, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
| | - Jeesung Ahn
- Annenberg School for Communication, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Danielle Cosme
- Annenberg School for Communication, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | | | - Amanda McGowan
- Department of Psychology, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Dale Zhou
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Zachary M Boyd
- Department of Mathematics, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, 84604, USA
| | - Mia Jovanova
- Annenberg School for Communication, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Ovidia Stanoi
- Department of Psychology, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Peter J Mucha
- Department of Mathematics, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA
| | - Kevin N Ochsner
- Department of Psychology, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Dani S Bassett
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - David Lydon-Staley
- Annenberg School for Communication, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Emily B Falk
- Annenberg School for Communication, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
- Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
- Wharton Marketing Department, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
- Wharton Operations, Information and Decisions Department, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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Haney AM, Lane SP. Religious Coping Is Differentially Associated with Physiological and Subjective Distress Indicators: Comparing Cortisol and Self-Report Patterns. Behav Med 2023:1-9. [PMID: 37964623 PMCID: PMC11093886 DOI: 10.1080/08964289.2023.2277926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
Use of religious coping in response to life stress is associated with improved mental and physical health outcomes. The aim of this study was to examine the influence of religious coping on conscious self-reported and non-conscious physiological stress responses to an acute, real-world stressor to better understand how this benefit may be conferred. This study examined the trajectory of subjective distress and cortisol patterns leading up to and following a stressful college exam using daily diary and ambulatory saliva samples, respectively (N students = 246). Religious coping was not significantly associated with subjective reports of distress. However, prior to the exam, greater use of religious coping was associated with an ostensibly more adaptive accelerated return to a cortisol baseline. This protective effect was no longer significant when the exam was over, suggesting that religious coping acts as a protective buffer against physiological stress responses rather than aiding in subjective recovery from stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison M. Haney
- Department of Community Health and Health Behavior, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York
| | - Sean P. Lane
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri
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Stadler G, Scholz U, Bolger N, Shrout PE, Knoll N, Lüscher J. How is companionship related to romantic partners' affect, relationship satisfaction, and health behavior? Using a longitudinal dyadic score model to understand daily and couple-level effects of a dyadic predictor. Appl Psychol Health Well Being 2023; 15:1530-1554. [PMID: 37211027 DOI: 10.1111/aphw.12450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Companionship is related to better affect and relationship satisfaction, but few studies have examined both partners' perspectives over time and the link between companionship and health. In three intensive longitudinal studies (Study 1: 57 community couples; Study 2: 99 smoker-nonsmoker couples; Study 3: 83 dual-smoker couples), both partners reported daily companionship, affect, relationship satisfaction, and a health behavior (smoking in Studies 2 and 3). We proposed a dyadic score model that focuses on the couple level for companionship as a dyadic predictor with considerable shared variance. On days with higher companionship, couples reported better affect and relationship satisfaction. When partners differed in companionship, they also differed in affect and relationship satisfaction. For smoking, a different picture emerged: Whereas smokers with nonsmoking partners smoked less on average with higher companionship, smokers with smoking partners smoked more on days with higher companionship. Findings show companionship as a consequential relationship construct deserving further study. Using the dyadic score model acknowledged both partners' perspectives on companionship. It demonstrated higher precision for detecting effects of partner averages in a dyadic predictor compared with traditional approaches, tests for effects of partner differences in a dyadic predictor and in outcome while maintaining the focus on the dyad.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gertraud Stadler
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
- Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Urte Scholz
- University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- University Research Priority Program "Dynamics of Healthy Aging", University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Nina Knoll
- Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Janina Lüscher
- University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Swiss Paraplegic Research, Nottwil, Switzerland
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Ramer NE, Fox SE, Meisel SN, Kiss N, Page JL, Hopwood CJ, Colder CR. Variance Decomposition of the Continuous Assessment of Interpersonal Dynamics (CAID) system: Assessing sources of influence and reliability of observations of parent-teen interactions. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0292304. [PMID: 37851633 PMCID: PMC10584132 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0292304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The Continuous Assessment of Interpersonal Dynamics (CAID) is an observational tool that measures warmth and dominance dynamics in real time and is sensitive to individual, dyadic, and contextual influences. Parent-adolescent interpersonal dynamics, which conceptually map onto parenting styles, are an integral part of positive adolescent adjustment and protect against risky outcomes. The current study's goal was to test the degree to which sources of influence on CAID data observed in a previous study of married couples generalize to a sample of parent-adolescent dyads. We examined data from ten raters who rated moment-to-moment warmth and dominance using CAID in a sample of 61 parent-adolescent dyads (N = 122) who were largely non-Hispanic White (62%) or African American (30%) based on parent report (adolescent M age = 14; 57% female). Dyads interacted in four different discussion segments (situations). We applied Generalizability Theory to delineate several sources of variance in CAID parameters and estimated within and between-person reliability. Results revealed a number of different influences, including the person, kinsperson (adolescent versus parent), dyad, rater, situation, and interactions among these factors, on ratings of parent-adolescent interpersonal behavior. These results largely replicate results from married couples, suggesting that the factors that influence ratings of interpersonal interactions largely generalize across sample types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nolan E. Ramer
- Department of Psychology, University at Buffalo, SUNY, Buffalo, NY, United States of America
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States of America
| | - Sydney E. Fox
- Department of Psychology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, United States of America
| | - Samuel N. Meisel
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States of America
| | - Nicole Kiss
- Department of Psychology, University at Buffalo, SUNY, Buffalo, NY, United States of America
| | - Jamie L. Page
- Department of Psychology, University at Buffalo, SUNY, Buffalo, NY, United States of America
| | | | - Craig R. Colder
- Department of Psychology, University at Buffalo, SUNY, Buffalo, NY, United States of America
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de Wit M, van Raalte DH, van den Berg K, Racca C, Muijs LT, Lutgers HL, Siegelaar SE, Serné E, Snoek FJ. Glucose variability and mood in people with type 1 diabetes using ecological momentary assessment. J Psychosom Res 2023; 173:111477. [PMID: 37643560 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2023.111477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Mood fluctuations related to blood glucose excursions are a commonly reported source of diabetes-distress, but research is scarce. We aimed to assess the relationship between real-time glucose variability and mood in adults with type 1 diabetes (T1D) using ecological momentary assessments. METHODS In this prospective observational study, participants wore a masked continuous glucose monitor and received prompts on their smartphone 6 times a day to answer questions about their current mood (Profile Of Mood States (POMS)-SF (dimensions: Anxiety, Depressive symptoms, Anger, Fatigue, Vigor)) for 14 days. Mixed model analyses examined associations over time between daily Coefficient of Variation (CV) of blood glucose and mean and variability (CV) of POMS scores. Further, within-person differences in sleep and nocturnal hypoglycemia were explored. RESULTS 18 people with T1D (10 female, mean age 44.3 years) participated. A total of 264 out of 367 days (70.2%) could be included in the analyses. No overall significant associations were found between CV of blood glucose and mean and CV of POMS scores, however, nocturnal hypoglycemia moderated the associations between CV of blood glucose and POMS scales (mean Fatigue Estimate 1.998, p < .006, mean Vigor Estimate -3.308, p < .001; CV Anger Estimate 0.731p = 0.02, CV Vigor Estimate -0.525, p = .006). CONCLUSION We found no overall relationship between real-time glycemic variability and mood per day. Further research into within-person differences such as sleep and nocturnal hypoglycemia is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maartje de Wit
- Amsterdam UMC, location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Medical Psychology, de Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Public Health, Mental Health, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Daniël H van Raalte
- Amsterdam Public Health, Mental Health, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam UMC, location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Endocrinology and Metabolism, de Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam UMC, location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Vasculair Medicine, de Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Diabetes Center Amsterdam UMC, location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Vasculair Medicine, de Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Cardiovasculair Science, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Kirsten van den Berg
- Amsterdam UMC, location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Medical Psychology, de Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Public Health, Mental Health, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Catherina Racca
- Amsterdam UMC, location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Endocrinology and Metabolism, de Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Linda T Muijs
- Amsterdam UMC, location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Medical Psychology, de Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Public Health, Mental Health, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Helen L Lutgers
- Medical Center Leeuwarden, Department of Internal Medicine, Leeuwarden, the Netherlands
| | - Sarah E Siegelaar
- Amsterdam UMC, location University of Amsterdam, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Erik Serné
- Amsterdam Public Health, Mental Health, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam UMC, location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Endocrinology and Metabolism, de Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam UMC, location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Vasculair Medicine, de Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Diabetes Center Amsterdam UMC, location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Vasculair Medicine, de Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Cardiovasculair Science, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Frank J Snoek
- Amsterdam UMC, location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Medical Psychology, de Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Public Health, Mental Health, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Bermudez T, Maercker A, Bierbauer W, Bernardo A, Fleisch-Silvestri R, Hermann M, Schmid JP, Scholz U. The role of daily adjustment disorder, depression and anxiety symptoms for the physical activity of cardiac patients. Psychol Med 2023; 53:5992-6001. [PMID: 37743836 PMCID: PMC10520595 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291722003154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical activity (PA) is crucial in the treatment of cardiac disease. There is a high prevalence of stress-response and affective disorders among cardiac patients, which might be negatively associated with their PA. This study aimed at investigating daily differential associations of International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-11 adjustment disorder, depression and anxiety symptoms with PA and sedentary behaviour (SB) during and right after inpatient cardiac rehabilitation. METHODS The sample included N = 129 inpatients in cardiac rehabilitation, Mage = 62.2, s.d.age = 11.3, 84.5% male, n = 2845 days. Adjustment disorder, depression and anxiety symptoms were measured daily during the last 7 days of rehabilitation and for 3 weeks after discharge. Moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA), light PA (LPA) and SB were measured with an accelerometer. Bayesian lagged multilevel regressions including all three symptoms to obtain their unique effects were conducted. RESULTS On days with higher adjustment disorder symptoms than usual, patients engaged in less MVPA, and more SB. Patients with overall higher depression symptoms engaged in less MVPA, less LPA and more SB. On days with higher depression symptoms than usual, there was less MVPA and LPA, and more SB. Patients with higher anxiety symptoms engaged in more LPA and less SB. CONCLUSIONS Results highlight the necessity to screen for and treat adjustment disorder and depression symptoms during cardiac rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania Bermudez
- Applied Social and Health Psychology Unit, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department Health Science, Institute of Sport Science, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Maercker
- University Research Priority Program ‘Dynamics of Healthy Aging’, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Psychopathology and Clinical Intervention Unit, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Walter Bierbauer
- Applied Social and Health Psychology Unit, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- University Research Priority Program ‘Dynamics of Healthy Aging’, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Matthias Hermann
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center Zurich, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Urte Scholz
- Applied Social and Health Psychology Unit, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- University Research Priority Program ‘Dynamics of Healthy Aging’, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Frackowiak M, Russell PS, Rusconi P, Fasoli F, Cohen-Chen S. Political orientation, trust and discriminatory beliefs during the COVID-19 pandemic: Longitudinal evidence from the United Kingdom. BRITISH JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2023; 62:1897-1924. [PMID: 37341348 DOI: 10.1111/bjso.12662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted the world in many ways; for example, evidence from the United Kingdom indicates that higher rates of discriminatory behaviours against immigrants have been recorded during this period. Prior research suggests that political orientation and trust are instrumental in discriminatory beliefs against immigrants. A longitudinal study (six waves and a follow-up) was conducted in the United Kingdom during the COVID-19 pandemic (September 2020-August 2021) using convenience sampling (N = 383). The hypotheses enquired about whether political orientation predicts trust in government, trust in science and discriminatory beliefs. Multilevel regression and mediation analyses were conducted, using repeated measures nested within individuals. It was found that conservative views are associated with higher discriminatory beliefs, lower trust in science and higher trust in government. Furthermore, trust in science promotes reduction of discrimination, whereas trust in government, increases discriminatory beliefs. However, a nuance revealed by an interaction effect, shows that a positive alignment between political and scientific authorities may be required to reduce prejudice against immigrants. Exploratory multilevel mediation showed that trust is a mediator between political orientation and discriminatory beliefs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Frackowiak
- Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- imec-mict-UGent, Department of Communication Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Pascale Sophie Russell
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Patrice Rusconi
- Department of Cognitive Sciences, Psychology, Education and Cultural Studies, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Fabio Fasoli
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
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Kraus B, Zinbarg R, Braga RM, Nusslock R, Mittal VA, Gratton C. Insights from personalized models of brain and behavior for identifying biomarkers in psychiatry. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 152:105259. [PMID: 37268180 PMCID: PMC10527506 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A main goal in translational neuroscience is to identify neural correlates of psychopathology ("biomarkers") that can be used to facilitate diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment. This goal has led to substantial research into how psychopathology symptoms relate to large-scale brain systems. However, these efforts have not yet resulted in practical biomarkers used in clinical practice. One reason for this underwhelming progress may be that many study designs focus on increasing sample size instead of collecting additional data within each individual. This focus limits the reliability and predictive validity of brain and behavioral measures in any one person. As biomarkers exist at the level of individuals, an increased focus on validating them within individuals is warranted. We argue that personalized models, estimated from extensive data collection within individuals, can address these concerns. We review evidence from two, thus far separate, lines of research on personalized models of (1) psychopathology symptoms and (2) fMRI measures of brain networks. We close by proposing approaches uniting personalized models across both domains to improve biomarker research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Kraus
- Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.
| | - Richard Zinbarg
- Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA; The Family Institute at Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Rodrigo M Braga
- Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Robin Nusslock
- Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA; Institute for Policy Research, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Vijay A Mittal
- Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA; Institute for Policy Research, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA; Institute for Innovations in Developmental Sciences (DevSci), Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA; Northwestern University, Department of Psychiatry, Chicago, IL, USA; Northwestern University, Medical Social Sciences, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Caterina Gratton
- Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA; Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA; Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA; Program in Neuroscience, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
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40
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Kim S, Dowgwillo EA, Kratz AL. Emotional Dynamics in Fibromyalgia: Pain, Fatigue, and Stress Moderate Momentary Associations Between Positive and Negative Emotions. THE JOURNAL OF PAIN 2023; 24:1594-1603. [PMID: 37094743 PMCID: PMC10527274 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2023.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
Affective disruptions, particularly deficits in positive affect, are characteristic of fibromyalgia (FM). The Dynamic Model of Affect provides some explanations of affective disruptions in FM, suggesting that the inverse association between positive and negative emotions is stronger when individuals with FM are under greater stress than usual. However, our understanding of the types of stressors and negative emotions that contribute to these affective dynamics is limited. Using ecological momentary assessment (EMA) methods, 50 adults who met the FM survey diagnostic criteria rated their momentary pain, stress, fatigue, negative emotions (depression, anger, and anxiety), and positive emotions 5X/day for eight days using a smartphone application. Results of multilevel modeling indicate that, consistent with the Dynamic Model of Affect, there was a stronger inverse association between positive emotion and negative emotions during times of greater pain, stress, and fatigue. Importantly, this pattern was specific to depression and anger, and was not present for anxiety. These findings suggest that fluctuations in fatigue and stress may be just as important or more important than fluctuations in pain when understanding the emotional dynamics in FM. In addition, having a more nuanced understanding of the role that different negative emotions play may be similarly important to understanding emotional dynamics in FM. PERSPECTIVE: This article presents new findings on the emotional dynamics in FM during times of increased pain, fatigue, and stress. Findings highlight the need for clinicians to conduct a comprehensive evaluation of fatigue, stress, and anger in addition to more routinely assessed depression and pain when working with individuals with FM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samsuk Kim
- Department of Psychology, University of Detroit Mercy, Detroit, MI
| | | | - Anna L. Kratz
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
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41
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Segerstrom SC, Crosby P, Witzel DD, Kurth ML, Choun S, Aldwin CM. Adaptation to changes in COVID-19 pandemic severity: Across older adulthood and time scales. Psychol Aging 2023; 38:586-599. [PMID: 36951696 PMCID: PMC10517079 DOI: 10.1037/pag0000739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has been observed to negatively affect older adults' psychological health compared with prepandemic levels. However, older adults' coping efficacy may differ depending on their age, and little is known about effects of fluctuations in pandemic severity. Two longitudinal studies tested the hypothesis that pandemic severity would affect psychological health and be moderated by age. In Study 1 (N = 111), older adults (aged 62-96) were assessed semiannually before and after the first United States COVID-19 case over up to 10 years. Depressive symptoms and stress, but not cognitive difficulties, were higher during COVID-19; pandemic severity had little effect. Estimated increases were smaller for a 65-year-old than for an 85-year-old. In Study 2 (N = 221), older adults (aged 51-95) were assessed weekly over up to 8 weeks during the COVID-19 pandemic. Higher national pandemic severity was associated with more cognitive difficulties, more depressive symptoms, and more stress. In an opposite pattern from Study 1, estimated increases were larger for a 65-year-old than for an 85-year-old. Old-old adults might be most susceptible to long-term psychological effects of the pandemic era, as in Study 1, but more resilient to short-term effects, as in Study 2. Coping strategies associated with increasing age may be less efficacious for more chronic and severe problems. Conversely, the same coping strategies may be more efficacious for shorter, less severe problems. Differentiating between reactivity to longer term and shorter term pandemic stressors can identify the most resilient or vulnerable ages within older adulthood. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paris Crosby
- Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky
| | - Dakota D Witzel
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Oregon State University
| | - Maria L Kurth
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Oregon State University
| | - Soyoung Choun
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Oregon State University
| | - Carolyn M Aldwin
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Oregon State University
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Chiang SC, Chen WC, Wu PY. Daily association between parent-adolescent relationship and life satisfaction: The moderating role of emotion dysregulation. J Adolesc 2023; 95:1168-1178. [PMID: 37170670 DOI: 10.1002/jad.12184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In adolescence, life satisfaction is an early indicator of later psychological well-being. However, researchers know little about how daily family relationships shape adolescent life satisfaction. The current study examined the day-to-day associations between parent-adolescent relationships and life satisfaction, and whether adolescent emotion dysregulation moderated these associations. METHODS A total of 191 adolescents (Mage = 12.93, SDage = 0.75, 53% female) recruited from junior high schools in Taiwan participated in a 10-day daily diary protocol. We conducted multilevel analyses to examine within-family and between-family processes. RESULTS At the within-family level, adolescents reported higher life satisfaction on days when parent-adolescent closeness was higher, but lower life satisfaction on days when parent-adolescent conflict was higher. At the between-family level, higher parent-adolescent closeness was associated with greater life satisfaction on average, while parent-adolescent conflict was not related to adolescent life satisfaction. Cross-level interactions indicated that within-family changes in parent-adolescent closeness and conflict were only associated with life satisfaction for adolescents with higher levels of emotion dysregulation, indicating emotion dysregulation may intensify the role of daily parent-adolescent relationships in shaping adolescent life satisfaction. CONCLUSIONS This study expands current literature and provides novel evidence that changes in day-to-day parent-adolescent relationships have important implications for adolescent life satisfaction, especially for youth higher in emotion dysregulation. The findings underscore the importance of evaluating family and individual characteristics to better support adolescent well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shou-Chun Chiang
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Wan-Chen Chen
- Department of Education, National Chengchi University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Yu Wu
- Department of Psychology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Wiebe DJ, Berg CA, Munion AK, Loyola MDR, Mello D, Butner JE, Suchy Y, Marino JA. Executive Functioning, Daily Self-Regulation, and Diabetes Management while Transitioning into Emerging Adulthood. Ann Behav Med 2023; 57:676-686. [PMID: 37163736 PMCID: PMC10354839 DOI: 10.1093/abm/kaad013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Executive functioning (EF) predicts better Type 1 diabetes (T1D) management in the high-risk years after high school, but the daily self-regulation processes involved are unclear. PURPOSE To examine whether EF is associated with daily self-regulation that minimizes one's exposure or buffers adverse reactions to daily diabetes problems, and to determine whether these patterns become stronger during the transition out of high school. METHODS A measurement burst design with convenience sampling was used. Seniors in high school with T1D (N = 207; 66% female) completed self-report (i.e., Behavioral Rating Inventory of Executive Functioning) and performance measures of EF (i.e., Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System). A 14-day daily diary assessing self-regulation failures, diabetes problems, affect, and indicators of diabetes management was completed at baseline and 1 year later. RESULTS Correlations and multilevel modeling were conducted. Lower self-reported EF problems were associated with lower average levels of daily self-regulation failures, and these variables were associated with fewer daily diabetes problems. In contrast, better EF performance was unrelated to average daily self-regulation failures, and was unexpectedly associated with more frequent diabetes problems in year 2. Equally across years, on days participants reported lower than their average levels of daily self-regulation failures, they had fewer diabetes problems, regardless of EF. On days with lower than average diabetes problems, participants reported better diabetes management indicators. EF generally did not buffer daily associations in either year. CONCLUSIONS Regardless of EF, promoting daily self-regulation may prevent diabetes problems and promote T1D management in daily life at this high-risk transitional time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah J Wiebe
- Department of Psychological Sciences and the Health Sciences Research Institute, University of California, Merced, USA
| | - Cynthia A Berg
- Department of Psychology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, USA
| | - Ascher K Munion
- Department of Psychology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, USA
- Department of Psychology, East Carolina University, Greenville, USA
| | - Maria D Ramirez Loyola
- Department of Psychological Sciences and the Health Sciences Research Institute, University of California, Merced, USA
| | - Daniel Mello
- Department of Psychological Sciences and the Health Sciences Research Institute, University of California, Merced, USA
| | | | - Yana Suchy
- Department of Psychology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, USA
| | - Jessica A Marino
- Department of Psychological Sciences and the Health Sciences Research Institute, University of California, Merced, USA
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44
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DiGiovanni AM, Cornelius T, Bolger N. Decomposing variance in co-rumination using dyadic daily diary data. SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGICAL AND PERSONALITY SCIENCE 2023; 14:636-646. [PMID: 38333597 PMCID: PMC10852215 DOI: 10.1177/19485506221116989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
It is unknown how co-rumination, or perseverating on problems or feelings with another person, unfolds in the daily lives of romantic couples. Using a variance decomposition procedure on data from a 14-day dyadic diary, we assessed how much variance in co-rumination was attributable to temporally stable and varying factors, as well as whether co-rumination is better measured as a couple-level or individual-level process. Within-person, within-couple fluctuations in co-rumination contributed most (~33%) to the total variance and summary scores based on these fluctuations were reliable. Stable between-couple differences accounted for ~14% of the total variance and could also be reliably assessed. However, within-couple agreement in co-rumination was low, such that the reliability at the level of within-couple change was inadequate. Research is needed to understand these divergent perceptions of co-rumination and potential downstream consequences. We conclude by considering how these results inform theory and can be applied to similar dyadic constructs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana M DiGiovanni
- Department of Psychology, Columbia University, 406 Schermerhorn Hall, 1190 Amsterdam Ave, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Talea Cornelius
- Center for Behavioral Cardiovascular Health, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Niall Bolger
- Department of Psychology, Columbia University, 406 Schermerhorn Hall, 1190 Amsterdam Ave, New York, NY, 10027, USA
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45
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Wallman-Jones A, Nigg C, Benzing V, Schmidt M. Leave the screen: The influence of everyday behaviors on self-reported interoception. Biol Psychol 2023; 181:108600. [PMID: 37286096 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2023.108600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The influence of physical activity on interoception is apparent, however little is known about within-person variability following physical activity and sedentary behavior in daily life. To test this, 70 healthy adults (Mage 21.67 ± 2.50) wore thigh-mounted accelerometers for 7-days, with self-reported interoception recorded on movement-triggered smartphones. Participants additionally reported the predominant activity type performed across the last 15 min. Investigating this timeframe, multi-level analyses revealed that each one-unit increase in physical activity was associated with an increase in self-reported interoception (B = 0.0025, p = .013), whereas contrastingly, each one-minute increase in sedentary behavior was associated with a decrease (B = -0.06. p = .009). Investigating the influence of different activity types in comparison to screen time behavior, both partaking in exercise (B = 4.48, p < .001) and daily-life physical activity (B = 1.21, p < .001) were associated with an increase in self-reported interoception. Regarding other behavior categories, non-screen time behavior both with (B = 1.13, p < .001) and without (B = 0.67, p = .004) social interaction were also associated with an increase in self-reported interoception compared to screen-time behavior. Extending from previous laboratory-based studies, these findings indicate that physical activity influences interoceptive processes in real-life, further supplemented by the novel and contrasting findings regarding sedentary behavior. Furthermore, associations with activity type reveal important mechanistic information, highlighting the importance of reducing screen-time behavior to preserve and support interoceptive perceptions. Findings can be used to inform health recommendations for reducing screen-time behavior and guiding evidence-based physical activity interventions to promote interoceptive processes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carina Nigg
- Institute of Sport Science, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Valentin Benzing
- Institute of Sport Science, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Mirko Schmidt
- Institute of Sport Science, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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46
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Moran LM, Panlilio LV, Hertzel SK, Bertz JW, Tyburski M, Etter JR, Epstein DH, Preston KL, Phillips KA. Health Outcomes by Neighborhood (HON): Effects of Neighborhood, Social Instability, and Health Factors on 12-Month Trajectories of Substance-Use Disorder Symptoms. Subst Use Misuse 2023; 58:1460-1472. [PMID: 37380598 PMCID: PMC10534204 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2023.2223258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have shown that environment and health can influence drug use trajectories and the effects of substance use disorder (SUD) treatments. We hypothesized that trajectories of drug use-related problems, based on changes in DSM-5 symptoms, would vary by type(s) of drugs used, health factors, and neighborhood characteristics. METHODS We assessed mental and physical health, stress, social instability, neighborhood characteristics (disorderliness and home value), and DSM-5 symptom counts at two study visits, 12 months apart, in a community sample (baseline N = 735) in Baltimore, MD. Three prominent categories of drug-use trajectory were identified with K-means cluster analysis of symptom counts: Persistent (4 or more symptoms at both visits or at Visit 2), Improved (decrease from 4 or more symptoms at Visit 1 to 3 or fewer symptoms at Visit 2), and Low-Stable (3 or fewer symptoms at both visits). Baseline health and neighborhood measures were tested as predictors of trajectory in mediation and moderation models. RESULTS Among people with current opioid- and/or stimulant-use, odds of an Improved trajectory were (1) decreased with neighborhood disorder and social instability, or (2) increased with home value and social instability. Odds of a Low-Stable trajectory were decreased by social instability and stress but increased in those who were older or self-identified as white. CONCLUSIONS Trajectories of drug use-related problems are influenced by sociodemographic variables, neighborhood factors, and health. Assessing DSM-5 symptom counts as an outcome measure may be valuable in monitoring or predicting long-term trajectories and treatment effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Landhing M Moran
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Leigh V Panlilio
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Sara K Hertzel
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jeremiah W Bertz
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Matthew Tyburski
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - John R Etter
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - David H Epstein
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Kenzie L Preston
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Karran A Phillips
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Limberger MF, Schmiedek F, Santangelo PS, Reichert M, Wieland LM, Berhe O, Meyer-Lindenberg A, Tost H, Ebner-Priemer UW. Assessing affect in adolescents with e-diaries: multilevel confirmatory factor analyses of different factor models. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1061229. [PMID: 37425158 PMCID: PMC10328383 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1061229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last two decades, e-diary studies have gained increasing interest, with a dominant focus on mood and affect. Although requested in current guidelines, psychometric properties are rarely reported, and methodological investigations of factor structure, model fit, and the reliability of mood and affect assessment are limited. We used a seven-day e-diary dataset of 189 adolescent participants (12-17 years). The e-diary affect assessments revealed a considerable portion of within-person variance. The six-factor model showed the best model fit compared to the less complex models. Factor loadings also improved with the complexity of the models. Accordingly, we recommend that future e-diary studies of adolescents use the six-factor model of affect as well as reporting psychometric properties and model fit. For future e-diary scale development, we recommend using a minimum of three items per scale to enable the use of confirmatory multilevel factor analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias F. Limberger
- Mental mHealth Lab, Institute for Sport and Sport Science, Faculty for Humanities and Social Sciences, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Florian Schmiedek
- Leibniz Institute for Research and Information in Education (DIPF), Frankfurt, Germany
- IDeA Research Center for Individual Development and Adaptive Education of Children at Risk, Frankfurt, Germany
- Department of Educational Psychology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Philip S. Santangelo
- Mental mHealth Lab, Institute for Sport and Sport Science, Faculty for Humanities and Social Sciences, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
- Behavioural Health Technology Interventions, Department of Behavioural and Cognitive Sciences, Faculty of Humanities, Education and Social Sciences, Université du Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Markus Reichert
- Mental mHealth Lab, Institute for Sport and Sport Science, Faculty for Humanities and Social Sciences, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- Department of eHealth and Sports Analytics, Faculty of Sports Science, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Lena M. Wieland
- Mental mHealth Lab, Institute for Sport and Sport Science, Faculty for Humanities and Social Sciences, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
- Leibniz Institute for Research and Information in Education (DIPF), Frankfurt, Germany
- IDeA Research Center for Individual Development and Adaptive Education of Children at Risk, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Oksana Berhe
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Andreas Meyer-Lindenberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Heike Tost
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Ulrich W. Ebner-Priemer
- Mental mHealth Lab, Institute for Sport and Sport Science, Faculty for Humanities and Social Sciences, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
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Benner AD, Rojas FA, Kim SY, Hou Y, Coulter KM. COVID-19 Anti-Chinese Discrimination, Current Pandemic Stress, And Adolescents' Mental Health. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2023:10.1007/s40615-023-01663-w. [PMID: 37340123 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-023-01663-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
The current study investigated adolescents' experiences of COVID-19 anti-Chinese discrimination (i.e., vicariously witnessed, directly experienced), the consequences for mental health, and the moderating role of general pandemic stress. During Summer 2020, 106 adolescents (43% Latino/a/x, 19% Asian American, 13% Black/African American, 26% biracial/multiracial/other; 58% female) participated in a 14-day daily diary study. Path analyses revealed that more experiences of vicarious COVID-19 anti-Chinese discrimination were associated with greater anxious mood, depressed mood, and mental health stress, while direct COVID-19 anti-Chinese discrimination was unrelated to mental health outcomes. The interaction between vicarious COVID-19 anti-Chinese discrimination and general COVID-19 stress was significant for depressed mood; simple slope analyses showed that for adolescents reporting high levels of COVID-19 stress, more frequent experiences of vicarious COVID-19 anti-Chinese discrimination were associated with greater severity in depressed mood, but this link was nonsignificant for those reporting low levels of general pandemic stress. Findings from the current study underscore the pernicious effects of vicarious COVID-19 anti-Chinese discrimination on the mental health of minoritized youth beyond solely Asian Americans. Additionally, the results evince the need for future pandemic-response efforts to craft public health messaging that avoids the racialization of disease and subsequent stigmatization of ethnic-minority communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aprile D Benner
- Department of Human Development and Family Sciences, University of Texas, Austin, TX, 78712, USA.
| | - Francheska Alers Rojas
- Department of Human Development and Family Sciences, University of Texas, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Su Yeong Kim
- Department of Human Development and Family Sciences, University of Texas, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Yang Hou
- Department of Behavioral Sciences and Social Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32304, USA
| | - Kiera M Coulter
- Department of Human Development and Family Sciences, University of Texas, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
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Gassman-Pines A, Bellows L, Copeland WE, Hoyle RH, Odgers CL. Day-to-day variation in adolescent food insecurity. CHILDREN AND YOUTH SERVICES REVIEW 2023; 149:106954. [PMID: 37304155 PMCID: PMC10249583 DOI: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2023.106954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study examined differences in both average and variability in daily adolescent food insecurity, by adolescents' levels of economic disadvantage and race/ethnicity. We used data from a 14-day ecological momentary assessment of 395 adolescents enrolled in public schools in North Carolina. Each evening, adolescents were asked questions about that day's food insecurity. Economically disadvantaged adolescents reported both higher average food insecurity and more day-to-day variability in food insecurity than non-economically disadvantaged adolescents. Controlling for economic disadvantage, Black adolescents also experienced both higher average food insecurity and more variability from day to day than White or Hispanic adolescents. For those receiving Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) benefits, daily food insecurity was higher in the second half of the month after SNAP transfer than in the beginning of the month. Food insecurity among adolescents is not static but varies from day to day. This daily variation is greater for economically disadvantaged youth.
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Haney AM, Fleming MN, Wycoff AM, Griffin SA, Trull TJ. Measuring affect in daily life: A multilevel psychometric evaluation of the PANAS-X across four ecological momentary assessment samples. Psychol Assess 2023; 35:469-483. [PMID: 36931821 PMCID: PMC10213137 DOI: 10.1037/pas0001231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
While there is strong evidence for the psychometric reliability of the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule-Expanded Form (PANAS-X) in cross-sectional studies, the between- and within-person psychometric performance of the PANAS-X in an intensive longitudinal framework is less understood. As affect is thought to be dynamic and responsive to context, this study investigated the multilevel reliability of PANAS-X Positive Affect, Negative Affect, Fear, Sadness, and Hostility scales. Generalizability theory and structural equation modeling techniques (coefficient ω) were employed in four ecological momentary assessment samples (N = 309; 41,261 reports). Results demonstrate that the PANAS-X scales, including short versions of the Positive and Negative Affect scales, can reliably detect between-person differences. PANAS-X scales also were able to reliably measure within-person change, though these estimates may be impacted by scale content and study design. These results support the use of the PANAS-X in daily life research to intensively measure affect in the natural environment. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison M. Haney
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Megan N. Fleming
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Andrea M. Wycoff
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Sarah A. Griffin
- College of Human Sciences and Humanities, University of Houston-Clear Lake
| | - Timothy J. Trull
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
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