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Li S, Wang C, Wu S. Spindle oscillations emerge at the critical state of electrically coupled networks in the thalamic reticular nucleus. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114790. [PMID: 39356636 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 07/31/2024] [Accepted: 09/07/2024] [Indexed: 10/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Spindle oscillation is a waxing-and-waning neural oscillation observed in the brain, initiated at the thalamic reticular nucleus (TRN) and typically occurring at 7-15 Hz. Experiments have shown that in the adult brain, electrical synapses, rather than chemical synapses, dominate between TRN neurons, suggesting that the traditional view of spindle generation via chemical synapses may need reconsideration. Based on known experimental data, we develop a computational model of the TRN network, where heterogeneous neurons are connected by electrical synapses. The model shows that the interplay between synchronizing electrical synapses and desynchronizing heterogeneity leads to multiple synchronized clusters with slightly different oscillation frequencies whose summed-up activity produces spindle oscillation as seen in local field potentials. Our results suggest that during spindle oscillation, the network operates at the critical state, which is known for facilitating efficient information processing. This study provides insights into the underlying mechanism of spindle oscillation and its functional significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shangyang Li
- School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Center of Quantitative Biology, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Guangdong Institute of Intelligence Science and Technology, Hengqin, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519031, China
| | - Chaoming Wang
- School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Center of Quantitative Biology, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Guangdong Institute of Intelligence Science and Technology, Hengqin, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519031, China
| | - Si Wu
- School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Center of Quantitative Biology, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Guangdong Institute of Intelligence Science and Technology, Hengqin, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519031, China.
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Kayabekir M, Yağanoğlu M. SPINDILOMETER: a model describing sleep spindles on EEG signals for polysomnography. Phys Eng Sci Med 2024; 47:1073-1085. [PMID: 38819611 PMCID: PMC11408404 DOI: 10.1007/s13246-024-01428-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
This paper aims to present a model called SPINDILOMETER, which we propose to be integrated into polysomnography (PSG) devices for researchers focused on electrophysiological signals in PSG, physicians, and technicians practicing sleep in clinics, by examining the methods of the sleep electroencephalogram (EEG) signal analysis in recent years. For this purpose, an assist diagnostic model for PSG has been developed that measures the number and density of sleep spindles by analyzing EEG signals in PSG. EEG signals of 72 volunteers, 51 males and 21 females (age; 51.7 ± 3.42 years and body mass index; 37.6 ± 4.21) diagnosed with sleep-disordered breathing by PSG were analyzed by machine learning methods. The number and density of sleep spindles were compared between the classical method (EEG monitoring with the naked eye in PSG) ('method with naked eye') and the model (SPINDILOMETER). A strong positive correlation was found between 'method with naked eye' and SPINDILOMETER results (correlation coefficient: 0.987), and this correlation was statistically significant (p = 0.000). Confusion matrix (accuracy (94.61%), sensitivity (94.61%), specificity (96.60%)), and ROC analysis (AUC: 0.95) were performed to prove the adequacy of SPINDILOMETER (p = 0.000). In conclusion SPINDILOMETER can be included in PSG analysis performed in sleep laboratories. At the same time, this model provides diagnostic convenience to the physician in understanding the neurological events associated with sleep spindles and sheds light on research for thalamocortical regions in the fields of neurophysiology and electrophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murat Kayabekir
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, Atatürk University, 25240, Erzurum, Turkey.
| | - Mete Yağanoğlu
- Department of Computer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
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Aguirre-Rodríguez CA, Delgado A, Alatorre A, Oviedo-Chávez A, Martínez-Escudero JR, Barrientos R, Querejeta E. Local activation of CB1 receptors by synthetic and endogenous cannabinoids dampens burst firing mode of reticular thalamic nucleus neurons in rats under ketamine anesthesia. Exp Brain Res 2024; 242:2137-2157. [PMID: 38980339 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-024-06889-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
The reticular thalamic nucleus (RTN) is a thin shell that covers the dorsal thalamus and controls the overall information flow from the thalamus to the cerebral cortex through GABAergic projections that contact thalamo-cortical neurons (TC). RTN neurons receive glutamatergic afferents fibers from neurons of the sixth layer of the cerebral cortex and from TC collaterals. The firing mode of RTN neurons facilitates the generation of sleep-wake cycles; a tonic mode or desynchronized mode occurs during wake and REM sleep and a burst-firing mode or synchronized mode is associated with deep sleep. Despite the presence of cannabinoid receptors CB1 (CB1Rs) and mRNA that encodes these receptors in RTN neurons, there are few works that have analyzed the participation of endocannabinoid-mediated transmission on the electrical activity of RTN. Here, we locally blocked or activated CB1Rs in ketamine anesthetized rats to analyze the spontaneous extracellular spiking activity of RTN neurons. Our results show the presence of a tonic endocannabinoid input, since local infusion of AM 251, an antagonist/inverse agonist, modifies RTN neurons electrical activity; furthermore, local activation of CB1Rs by anandamide or WIN 55212-2 produces heterogeneous effects in the basal spontaneous spiking activity, where the main effect is an increase in the spiking rate accompanied by a decrease in bursting activity in a dose-dependent manner; this effect is inhibited by AM 251. In addition, previous activation of GABA-A receptors suppresses the effects of CB1Rs on reticular neurons. Our results show that local activation of CB1Rs primarily diminishes the burst firing mode of RTn neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos A Aguirre-Rodríguez
- Sección de Investigación y Posgrado de la Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón, Colonia Casco de Santo Tomás, Ciudad de México, 11340, México
| | - Alfonso Delgado
- Departamento de Fisiología Experimental, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Circuito Universitario Campus II, 31127, Chihuahua, Chihuahua, México
| | - Alberto Alatorre
- Academia de Fisiología, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón, Colonia Casco de Santo Tomás, Ciudad de México, 11340, México
- Sección de Investigación y Posgrado de la Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón, Colonia Casco de Santo Tomás, Ciudad de México, 11340, México
| | - Aldo Oviedo-Chávez
- Academia de Fisiología, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón, Colonia Casco de Santo Tomás, Ciudad de México, 11340, México
- Sección de Investigación y Posgrado de la Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón, Colonia Casco de Santo Tomás, Ciudad de México, 11340, México
| | - José R Martínez-Escudero
- Sección de Investigación y Posgrado de la Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón, Colonia Casco de Santo Tomás, Ciudad de México, 11340, México
| | - Rafael Barrientos
- Academia de Fisiología, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón, Colonia Casco de Santo Tomás, Ciudad de México, 11340, México
- Sección de Investigación y Posgrado de la Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón, Colonia Casco de Santo Tomás, Ciudad de México, 11340, México
| | - Enrique Querejeta
- Academia de Fisiología, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón, Colonia Casco de Santo Tomás, Ciudad de México, 11340, México.
- Sección de Investigación y Posgrado de la Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón, Colonia Casco de Santo Tomás, Ciudad de México, 11340, México.
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Abdelaal MS, Kato T, Natsubori A, Tanaka KF. Temporal and Potential Predictive Relationships between Sleep Spindle Density and Spike-and-Wave Discharges. eNeuro 2024; 11:ENEURO.0058-24.2024. [PMID: 39256042 PMCID: PMC11412100 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0058-24.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 08/27/2024] [Accepted: 08/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Spike-and-wave discharges (SWDs) and sleep spindles are characteristic electroencephalographic (EEG) hallmarks of absence seizures and nonrapid eye movement sleep, respectively. They are commonly generated by the cortico-thalamo-cortical network including the thalamic reticular nucleus (TRN). It has been reported that SWD development is accompanied by a decrease in sleep spindle density in absence seizure patients and animal models. However, whether the decrease in sleep spindle density precedes, coincides with, or follows, the SWD development remains unknown. To clarify this, we exploited Pvalb-tetracycline transactivator (tTA)::tetO-ArchT (PV-ArchT) double-transgenic mouse, which can induce an absence seizure phenotype in a time-controllable manner by expressing ArchT in PV neurons of the TRN. In these mice, EEG recordings demonstrated that a decrease in sleep spindle density occurred 1 week before the onset of typical SWDs, with the expression of ArchT. To confirm such temporal relationship observed in these genetic model mice, we used a gamma-butyrolactone (GBL) pharmacological model of SWDs. Prior to GBL administration, we administered caffeine to wild-type mice for 3 consecutive days to induce a decrease in sleep spindle density. We then administered low-dose GBL, which cannot induce SWDs in normally conditioned mice but led to the occurrence of SWDs in caffeine-conditioned mice. These findings indicate a temporal relationship in which the decrease in sleep spindle density consistently precedes SWD development. Furthermore, the decrease in sleep spindle activity may have a role in facilitating the development of SWDs. Our findings suggest that sleep spindle reductions could serve as early indicators of seizure susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manal S Abdelaal
- Division of Brain Sciences, Institute for Advanced Medical Research, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Tomonobu Kato
- Division of Brain Sciences, Institute for Advanced Medical Research, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
- Department of System Design Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 223-8522, Japan
| | - Akiyo Natsubori
- Sleep Disorders Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Setagaya-Ku, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan
| | - Kenji F Tanaka
- Division of Brain Sciences, Institute for Advanced Medical Research, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
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Leach S, Krugliakova E, Sousouri G, Snipes S, Skorucak J, Schühle S, Müller M, Ferster ML, Da Poian G, Karlen W, Huber R. Acoustically evoked K-complexes together with sleep spindles boost verbal declarative memory consolidation in healthy adults. Sci Rep 2024; 14:19184. [PMID: 39160150 PMCID: PMC11333484 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-67701-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Over the past decade, phase-targeted auditory stimulation (PTAS), a neuromodulation approach which presents auditory stimuli locked to the ongoing phase of slow waves during sleep, has shown potential to enhance specific aspects of sleep functions. However, the complexity of PTAS responses complicates the establishment of causality between specific electroencephalographic events and observed benefits. Here, we used down-PTAS during sleep to specifically evoke the early, K-complex (KC)-like response following PTAS without leading to a sustained increase in slow-wave activity throughout the stimulation window. Over the course of two nights, one with down-PTAS, the other without, high-density electroencephalography (hd-EEG) was recorded from 14 young healthy adults. The early response exhibited striking similarities to evoked KCs and was associated with improved verbal memory consolidation via stimulus-evoked spindle events nested into the up-phase of ongoing 1 Hz waves in a central region. These findings suggest that the early, KC-like response is sufficient to boost memory, potentially by orchestrating aspects of the hippocampal-neocortical dialogue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Leach
- Child Development Centre and Children's Research Centre, University Children's Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Elena Krugliakova
- Child Development Centre and Children's Research Centre, University Children's Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Georgia Sousouri
- Child Development Centre and Children's Research Centre, University Children's Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Mobile Health Systems Lab, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Institute of Robotics and Intelligent Systems, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sophia Snipes
- Child Development Centre and Children's Research Centre, University Children's Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jelena Skorucak
- Child Development Centre and Children's Research Centre, University Children's Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Selina Schühle
- Child Development Centre and Children's Research Centre, University Children's Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Manuel Müller
- Child Development Centre and Children's Research Centre, University Children's Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Maria Laura Ferster
- Mobile Health Systems Lab, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Institute of Robotics and Intelligent Systems, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Giulia Da Poian
- Sensory-Motor Systems Lab, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Walter Karlen
- Mobile Health Systems Lab, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Institute of Robotics and Intelligent Systems, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Computer Science and Psychology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Reto Huber
- Child Development Centre and Children's Research Centre, University Children's Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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Cumming D, Kozhemiako N, Thurm AE, Farmer CA, Purcell S, Buckley AW. Spindle chirp and other sleep oscillatory features in young children with autism. Sleep Med 2024; 119:320-328. [PMID: 38733760 PMCID: PMC11348284 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2024.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine whether spindle chirp and other sleep oscillatory features differ in young children with and without autism. METHODS Automated processing software was used to re-assess an extant set of polysomnograms representing 121 children (91 with autism [ASD], 30 typically-developing [TD]), with an age range of 1.35-8.23 years. Spindle metrics, including chirp, and slow oscillation (SO) characteristics were compared between groups. SO and fast and slow spindle (FS, SS) interactions were also investigated. Secondary analyses were performed assessing behavioural data associations, as well as exploratory cohort comparisons to children with non-autism developmental delay (DD). RESULTS Posterior FS and SS chirp was significantly more negative in ASD than TD. Both groups had comparable intra-spindle frequency range and variance. Frontal and central SO amplitude were decreased in ASD. In contrast to previous manual findings, no differences were detected in other spindle or SO metrics. The ASD group displayed a higher parietal coupling angle. No differences were observed in phase-frequency coupling. The DD group demonstrated lower FS chirp and higher coupling angle than TD. Parietal SS chirp was positively associated with full developmental quotient. CONCLUSIONS For the first time spindle chirp was investigated in autism and was found to be significantly more negative than in TD in this large cohort of young children. This finding strengthens previous reports of spindle and SO abnormalities in ASD. Further investigation of spindle chirp in healthy and clinical populations across development will help elucidate the significance of this difference and better understand this novel metric.
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Affiliation(s)
- Drew Cumming
- National Institute of Mental Health, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Audrey E Thurm
- National Institute of Mental Health, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Shaun Purcell
- Brigham and Women's Hospital & Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Yang Y, Tuo J, Zhang J, Xu Z, Luo Z. Pathogenic genes implicated in sleep-related hypermotor epilepsy: a research progress update. Front Neurol 2024; 15:1416648. [PMID: 38966089 PMCID: PMC11222571 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2024.1416648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Sleep-related hypermotor epilepsy (SHE) is a focal epilepsy syndrome characterized by a variable age of onset and heterogeneous etiology. Current literature suggests a prevalence rate of approximately 1.8 per 100,000 persons. The discovery of additional pathogenic genes associated with SHE in recent years has significantly expanded the knowledge and understanding of its pathophysiological mechanisms. Identified SHE pathogenic genes include those related to neuronal ligand- and ion-gated channels (CHRNA4, CHRNB2, CHRNA2, GABRG2, and KCNT1), genes upstream of the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 signal transduction pathway (DEPDC5, NPRL2, NPRL3, TSC1, and TSC2), and other genes (CRH, CaBP4, STX1B, and PRIMA1). These genes encode proteins associated with ion channels, neurotransmitter receptors, cell signal transduction, and synaptic transmission. Mutations in these genes can result in the dysregulation of encoded cellular functional proteins and downstream neuronal dysfunction, ultimately leading to epileptic seizures. However, the associations between most genes and the SHE phenotype remain unclear. This article presents a literature review on the research progress of SHE-related pathogenic genes to contribute evidence to genotype-phenotype correlations in SHE and establish the necessary theoretical basis for future SHE treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufang Yang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Jinmei Tuo
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- Department of Nursing, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Zucai Xu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Zhong Luo
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
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Jiang YL, Xia L, Zhao JJ, Zhou HM, Mi D, Wang X, Wang YY, Song CG, Jiang W. Mice harboring the T316N variant in the GABA AR γ 2 subunit exhibit sleep-related hypermotor epilepsy phenotypes and hypersynchronization in the thalamocortical pathway. Exp Neurol 2024; 376:114775. [PMID: 38604438 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2024.114775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Sleep-related hypermotor epilepsy (SHE) is a focal epilepsy syndrome characterized by seizures that predominantly occur during sleep. The pathogenesis of these seizures remains unclear. We previously detected rare variants in GABRG2, which encodes the γ2 subunit of γ-aminobutyric acid type A receptor (GABAAR), in patients with SHE and demonstrated that these variants impaired GABAAR function in vitro. However, the mechanisms by which GABRG2 variants contribute to seizure attacks during sleep remain unclear. METHODS In this study, we designed a knock-in (KI) mouse expressing the mouse Gabrg2 T316N variant, corresponding to human GABRG2 T317N variant, using CRISPR/Cas9. Continuous video-electroencephalogram monitoring and in vivo multichannel electrophysiological recordings were performed to explore seizure susceptibility to pentylenetetrazol (PTZ), alterations in the sleep-wake cycle, spontaneous seizure patterns, and synchronized activity in the motor thalamic nuclei (MoTN) and secondary motor cortex (M2). Circadian variations in the expression of total, membrane-bound, and synaptic GABAAR subunits were also investigated. RESULTS No obvious changes in gross morphology were detected in Gabrg2T316N/+ mice compared to their wild-type (Gabrg2+/+) littermates. Gabrg2T316N/+ mice share key phenotypes with patients, including sleep fragmentation and spontaneous seizures during sleep. Gabrg2T316N/+ mice showed increased susceptibility to PTZ-induced seizures and higher mortality after seizures. Synchronization of the local field potentials between the MoTN and M2 was abnormally enhanced in Gabrg2T316N/+ mice during light phase, when sleep dominates, accompanied by increased local activities in the MoTN and M2. Interestingly, in Gabrg2+/+ mice, GABAAR γ2 subunits showed a circadian increase on the neuronal membrane and synaptosomes in the transition from dark phase to light phase, which was absent in Gabrg2T316N/+ mice. CONCLUSION We generated a new SHE mouse model and provided in vivo evidence that rare variants of GABRG2 contribute to seizure attacks during sleep in SHE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Li Jiang
- Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Department of Neurology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Liang Xia
- Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Department of Neurology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Jing-Jing Zhao
- Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Department of Neurology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Hui-Min Zhou
- Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Department of Neurology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Dan Mi
- Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Department of Neurology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Xuan Wang
- Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Department of Neurology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Wang
- Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Department of Neurology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Chang-Geng Song
- Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Department of Neurology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
| | - Wen Jiang
- Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Department of Neurology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
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Iyer KK, Roberts JA, Waak M, Vogrin SJ, Kevat A, Chawla J, Haataja LM, Lauronen L, Vanhatalo S, Stevenson NJ. A growth chart of brain function from infancy to adolescence based on EEG. EBioMedicine 2024; 102:105061. [PMID: 38537603 PMCID: PMC11026939 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2024.105061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In children, objective, quantitative tools that determine functional neurodevelopment are scarce and rarely scalable for clinical use. Direct recordings of cortical activity using routinely acquired electroencephalography (EEG) offer reliable measures of brain function. METHODS We developed and validated a measure of functional brain age (FBA) using a residual neural network-based interpretation of the paediatric EEG. In this cross-sectional study, we included 1056 children with typical development ranging in age from 1 month to 18 years. We analysed a 10- to 15-min segment of 18-channel EEG recorded during light sleep (N1 and N2 states). FINDINGS The FBA had a weighted mean absolute error (wMAE) of 0.85 years (95% CI: 0.69-1.02; n = 1056). A two-channel version of the FBA had a wMAE of 1.51 years (95% CI: 1.30-1.73; n = 1056) and was validated on an independent set of EEG recordings (wMAE = 2.27 years, 95% CI: 1.90-2.65; n = 723). Group-level maturational delays were also detected in a small cohort of children with Trisomy 21 (Cohen's d = 0.36, p = 0.028). INTERPRETATION A FBA, based on EEG, is an accurate, practical and scalable automated tool to track brain function maturation throughout childhood with accuracy comparable to widely used physical growth charts. FUNDING This research was supported by the National Health and Medical Research Council, Australia, Helsinki University Diagnostic Center Research Funds, Finnish Academy, Finnish Paediatric Foundation, and Sigrid Juselius Foundation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kartik K Iyer
- Brain Modelling Group, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
| | - James A Roberts
- Brain Modelling Group, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Michaela Waak
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia; Queensland Children's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
| | | | - Ajay Kevat
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia; Queensland Children's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Jasneek Chawla
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia; Queensland Children's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Leena M Haataja
- Departments of Physiology and Clinical Neurophysiology, BABA Center, Paediatric Research Center, Children's Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Leena Lauronen
- Departments of Physiology and Clinical Neurophysiology, BABA Center, Paediatric Research Center, Children's Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sampsa Vanhatalo
- Departments of Physiology and Clinical Neurophysiology, BABA Center, Paediatric Research Center, Children's Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Nathan J Stevenson
- Brain Modelling Group, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia.
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Yook S, Choi SJ, Zang C, Joo EY, Kim H. Are there effects of light exposure on daytime sleep for rotating shift nurses after night shift?: an EEG power analysis. Front Neurosci 2024; 18:1306070. [PMID: 38601092 PMCID: PMC11004303 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1306070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Night-shift workers often face various health issues stemming from circadian rhythm shift and the consequent poor sleep quality. We aimed to study nurses working night shifts, evaluate the electroencephalogram (EEG) pattern of daytime sleep, and explore possible pattern changes due to ambient light exposure (30 lux) compared to dim conditions (<5 lux) during daytime sleep. Moethods The study involved 31 participants who worked night shifts and 24 healthy adults who had never worked night shifts. The sleep macro and microstructures were analyzed, and electrophysiological activity was compared (1) between nighttime sleep and daytime sleep with dim light and (2) between daytime sleep with dim and 30 lux light conditions. Results The daytime sleep group showed lower slow or delta wave power during non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep than the nighttime sleep group. During daytime sleep, lower sigma wave power in N2 sleep was observed under light exposure compared to no light exposure. Moreover, during daytime sleep, lower slow wave power in N3 sleep in the last cycle was observed under light exposure compared to no light exposure. Discussion Our study demonstrated that night shift work and subsequent circadian misalignment strongly affect sleep quality and decrease slow and delta wave activities in NREM sleep. We also observed that light exposure during daytime sleep could additionally decrease N2 sleep spindle activity and N3 waves in the last sleep cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soonhyun Yook
- USC Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Su Jung Choi
- Graduate School of Clinical Nursing Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Cong Zang
- USC Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Eun Yeon Joo
- Department of Neurology, Neuroscience Center, Samsung Medical Center, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hosung Kim
- USC Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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11
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Don DM, Osterbauer B, Gowthaman D, Fisher L, Gillett ES. Polysomnographic Characteristics of Sleep Architecture in Children With Obstructive Sleep Apnea. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 2024:34894241232477. [PMID: 38450648 DOI: 10.1177/00034894241232477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The conventional measure of sleep fragmentation is via polysomnographic evaluation of sleep architecture. Adults with OSA have disruption in their sleep cycles and spend less time in deep sleep stages. However, there is no available evidence to suggest that this is also true for children and published results have been inconclusive. OBJECTIVE To determine polysomnographic characteristics of sleep architecture in children with OSA and investigate effects relative to OSA severity. METHODS Overnight polysomnograms (PSG) of children referred for suspected OSA were reviewed. Subjects were classified by apnea hypopnea index (AHI). PSG parameters of sleep architecture were recorded and analyzed according to OSA severity. RESULTS Two hundred and eleven children were studied (median age of 7.0 years, range 4-10 years) Stage N1 sleep was longer while stage N2 sleep and REM sleep was reduced in the OSA group when compared to those without OSA (6.10 vs 2.9, P < .001; 42.0 vs 49.7, P < .001; 14.0 vs 15.9, P = .05). The arousal index was also higher in the OSA group (12.9 vs 8.2, P < .001). There was a reduction in sleep efficiency and total sleep time and an increase in wake after sleep onset noted in the OSA group (83.90 vs 89.40, P = .003; 368.50 vs 387.25, P = .001; 40.1 ± 35.59 vs 28.66 ± 24.14, P = .007; 29.00 vs 20.50; P = .011). No significant difference was found in N3 sleep stage (33.60 vs 30.60, P = .14). CONCLUSION We found evidence that children with OSA have a disturbance in their sleep architecture. The changes indicate greater sleep fragmentation and more time spent in lighter stages of sleep. Future research is needed and should focus on more effective methods to measure alterations in sleep architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debra M Don
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Beth Osterbauer
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Divya Gowthaman
- Montefiore Medical Center Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Laurel Fisher
- Caruso Department of Otolaryngology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Emily S Gillett
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonology and Sleep Medicine, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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12
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Wilson DA, Sullivan RM, Smiley JF, Saito M, Raineki C. Developmental alcohol exposure is exhausting: Sleep and the enduring consequences of alcohol exposure during development. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2024; 158:105567. [PMID: 38309498 PMCID: PMC10923002 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
Prenatal alcohol exposure is the leading nongenetic cause of human intellectual impairment. The long-term impacts of prenatal alcohol exposure on health and well-being are diverse, including neuropathology leading to behavioral, cognitive, and emotional impairments. Additionally negative effects also occur on the physiological level, such as the endocrine, cardiovascular, and immune systems. Among these diverse impacts is sleep disruption. In this review, we describe how prenatal alcohol exposure affects sleep, and potential mechanisms of those effects. Furthermore, we outline the evidence that sleep disruption across the lifespan may be a mediator of some cognitive and behavioral impacts of developmental alcohol exposure, and thus may represent a promising target for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald A Wilson
- Emotional Brain Institute, Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, USA; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Regina M Sullivan
- Emotional Brain Institute, Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, USA; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - John F Smiley
- Division of Neurochemistry, Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, USA; Department of Psychiatry, New York University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mariko Saito
- Division of Neurochemistry, Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, USA; Department of Psychiatry, New York University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Charlis Raineki
- Department of Psychology, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada; Centre for Neuroscience, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
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13
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Mayeli A, Wilson JD, Donati FL, Ferrarelli F. Reduced slow wave density is associated with worse positive symptoms in clinical high risk: An objective readout of symptom severity for early treatment interventions? Psychiatry Res 2024; 333:115756. [PMID: 38281453 PMCID: PMC10923118 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2024.115756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Individuals at clinical high risk for psychosis (CHR) present subsyndromal psychotic symptoms that can escalate and lead to the transition to a diagnosable psychotic disorder. Identifying biological parameters that are sensitive to these symptoms can therefore help objectively assess their severity and guide early interventions in CHR. Reduced slow wave oscillations (∼1 Hz) during non-rapid eye movement sleep were recently observed in first-episode psychosis patients and were linked to the intensity of their positive symptoms. Here, we collected overnight high-density EEG recordings from 37 CHR and 32 healthy control (HC) subjects and compared slow wave (SW) activity and other SW parameters (i.e., density and negative peak amplitude) between groups. We also assessed the relationships between clinical symptoms and SW parameters in CHR. While comparisons between HC and the entire CHR group showed no SW differences, CHR individuals with higher positive symptom severity (N = 18) demonstrated a reduction in SW density in an EEG cluster involving bilateral prefrontal, parietal, and right occipital regions compared to matched HC individuals. Furthermore, we observed a negative correlation between SW density and positive symptoms across CHR individuals, suggesting a potential target for early treatment interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Mayeli
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, USA
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14
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Lutz ND, Martínez-Albert E, Friedrich H, Born J, Besedovsky L. Sleep shapes the associative structure underlying pattern completion in multielement event memory. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2314423121. [PMID: 38377208 PMCID: PMC10907255 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2314423121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Sleep supports the consolidation of episodic memory. It is, however, a matter of ongoing debate how this effect is established, because, so far, it has been demonstrated almost exclusively for simple associations, which lack the complex associative structure of real-life events, typically comprising multiple elements with different association strengths. Because of this associative structure interlinking the individual elements, a partial cue (e.g., a single element) can recover an entire multielement event. This process, referred to as pattern completion, is a fundamental property of episodic memory. Yet, it is currently unknown how sleep affects the associative structure within multielement events and subsequent processes of pattern completion. Here, we investigated the effects of post-encoding sleep, compared with a period of nocturnal wakefulness (followed by a recovery night), on multielement associative structures in healthy humans using a verbal associative learning task including strongly, weakly, and not directly encoded associations. We demonstrate that sleep selectively benefits memory for weakly associated elements as well as for associations that were not directly encoded but not for strongly associated elements within a multielement event structure. Crucially, these effects were accompanied by a beneficial effect of sleep on the ability to recall multiple elements of an event based on a single common cue. In addition, retrieval performance was predicted by sleep spindle activity during post-encoding sleep. Together, these results indicate that sleep plays a fundamental role in shaping associative structures, thereby supporting pattern completion in complex multielement events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas D. Lutz
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen72076, Germany
- Institute of Medical Psychology, LMU Munich, Munich80336, Germany
| | - Estefanía Martínez-Albert
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen72076, Germany
- Institute of Medical Psychology, LMU Munich, Munich80336, Germany
| | - Hannah Friedrich
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen72076, Germany
| | - Jan Born
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen72076, Germany
- Werner Reichardt Centre for Integrative Neuroscience, University of Tübingen, Tübingen72076, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University Tübingen, Tübingen72076, Germany
| | - Luciana Besedovsky
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen72076, Germany
- Institute of Medical Psychology, LMU Munich, Munich80336, Germany
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15
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van Rheede JJ, Alagapan S, Denison TJ, Riva-Posse P, Rozell CJ, Mayberg HS, Waters AC, Sharott A. Cortical signatures of sleep are altered following effective deep brain stimulation for depression. Transl Psychiatry 2024; 14:103. [PMID: 38378677 PMCID: PMC10879134 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-024-02816-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subcallosal cingulate cortex (SCC) is an experimental therapy for treatment-resistant depression (TRD). Chronic SCC DBS leads to long-term changes in the electrophysiological dynamics measured from local field potential (LFP) during wakefulness, but it is unclear how it impacts sleep-related brain activity. This is a crucial gap in knowledge, given the link between depression and sleep disturbances, and an emerging interest in the interaction between DBS, sleep, and circadian rhythms. We therefore sought to characterize changes in electrophysiological markers of sleep associated with DBS treatment for depression. We analyzed key electrophysiological signatures of sleep-slow-wave activity (SWA, 0.5-4.5 Hz) and sleep spindles-in LFPs recorded from the SCC of 9 patients who responded to DBS for TRD. This allowed us to compare the electrophysiological changes before and after 24 weeks of therapeutically effective SCC DBS. SWA power was highly correlated between hemispheres, consistent with a global sleep state. Furthermore, SWA occurred earlier in the night after chronic DBS and had a more prominent peak. While we found no evidence for changes to slow-wave power or stability, we found an increase in the density of sleep spindles. Our results represent a first-of-its-kind report on long-term electrophysiological markers of sleep recorded from the SCC in patients with TRD, and provides evidence of earlier NREM sleep and increased sleep spindle activity following clinically effective DBS treatment. Future work is needed to establish the causal relationship between long-term DBS and the neural mechanisms underlying sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joram J van Rheede
- MRC Brain Network Dynamics Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Sankaraleengam Alagapan
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Timothy J Denison
- MRC Brain Network Dynamics Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Patricio Riva-Posse
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Christopher J Rozell
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Helen S Mayberg
- Nash Family Center for Advanced Circuit Therapeutics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Allison C Waters
- Nash Family Center for Advanced Circuit Therapeutics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Andrew Sharott
- MRC Brain Network Dynamics Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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16
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Orlando IF, O'Callaghan C, Lam A, McKinnon AC, Tan JBC, Michaelian JC, Kong SDX, D'Rozario AL, Naismith SL. Sleep spindle architecture associated with distinct clinical phenotypes in older adults at risk for dementia. Mol Psychiatry 2024; 29:402-411. [PMID: 38052981 PMCID: PMC11116104 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-023-02335-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Sleep spindles are a hallmark of non-REM sleep and play a fundamental role in memory consolidation. Alterations in these spindles are emerging as sensitive biomarkers for neurodegenerative diseases of ageing. Understanding the clinical presentations associated with spindle alterations may help to elucidate the functional role of these distinct electroencephalographic oscillations and the pathophysiology of sleep and neurodegenerative disorders. Here, we use a data-driven approach to examine the sleep, memory and default mode network connectivity phenotypes associated with sleep spindle architecture in older adults (mean age = 66 years). Participants were recruited from a specialist clinic for early diagnosis and intervention for cognitive decline, with a proportion showing mild cognitive deficits on neuropsychological testing. In a sample of 88 people who underwent memory assessment, overnight polysomnography and resting-state fMRI, a k-means cluster analysis was applied to spindle measures of interest: fast spindle density, spindle duration and spindle amplitude. This resulted in three clusters, characterised by preserved spindle architecture with higher fast spindle density and longer spindle duration (Cluster 1), and alterations in spindle architecture (Clusters 2 and 3). These clusters were further characterised by reduced memory (Clusters 2 and 3) and nocturnal hypoxemia, associated with sleep apnea (Cluster 3). Resting-state fMRI analysis confirmed that default mode connectivity was related to spindle architecture, although directionality of this relationship differed across the cluster groups. Together, these results confirm a diversity in spindle architecture in older adults, associated with clinically meaningful phenotypes, including memory function and sleep apnea. They suggest that resting-state default mode connectivity during the awake state can be associated with sleep spindle architecture; however, this is highly dependent on clinical phenotype. Establishing relationships between clinical and neuroimaging features and sleep spindle alterations will advance our understanding of the bidirectional relationships between sleep changes and neurodegenerative diseases of ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella F Orlando
- Brain and Mind Centre and School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Claire O'Callaghan
- Brain and Mind Centre and School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Aaron Lam
- Healthy Brain Ageing Program, Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Andrew C McKinnon
- Healthy Brain Ageing Program, Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Joshua B C Tan
- Brain and Mind Centre and School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Johannes C Michaelian
- Healthy Brain Ageing Program, Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Shawn D X Kong
- Healthy Brain Ageing Program, Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence to Optimise Sleep in Brain Ageing and Neurodegeneration (CogSleep CRE), Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Angela L D'Rozario
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence to Optimise Sleep in Brain Ageing and Neurodegeneration (CogSleep CRE), Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Psychological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- CIRUS, Centre for Sleep and Chronobiology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Sharon L Naismith
- Healthy Brain Ageing Program, Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence to Optimise Sleep in Brain Ageing and Neurodegeneration (CogSleep CRE), Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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17
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Cumming D, Kozhemiako N, Thurm AE, Farmer CA, Purcell SW, Buckley AW. Spindle Chirp and other Sleep Oscillatory Features in Young Children with Autism. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.06.15.545095. [PMID: 37398218 PMCID: PMC10312722 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.15.545095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Objectives To determine whether spindle chirp and other sleep oscillatory features differ in young children with and without autism. Methods Automated processing software was used to re-assess an extant set of polysomnograms representing 121 children (91 with autism [ASD], 30 typically-developing [TD]), with an age range of 1.35-8.23 years. Spindle metrics, including chirp, and slow oscillation (SO) characteristics were compared between groups. SO and fast and slow spindle (FS, SS) interactions were also investigated. Secondary analyses were performed assessing behavioural data associations, as well as exploratory cohort comparisons to children with non-autism developmental delay (DD). Results Posterior FS and SS chirp was significantly more negative in ASD than TD. Both groups had comparable intra-spindle frequency range and variance. Frontal and central SO amplitude were decreased in ASD. In contrast to previous manual findings, no differences were detected in other spindle or SO metrics. The ASD group displayed a higher parietal coupling angle. No differences were observed in phase-frequency coupling. The DD group demonstrated lower FS chirp and higher coupling angle than TD. Parietal SS chirp was positively associated with full developmental quotient. Conclusions For the first time spindle chirp was investigated in autism and was found to be significantly more negative than in TD in this large cohort of young children. This finding strengthens previous reports of spindle and SO abnormalities in ASD. Further investigation of spindle chirp in healthy and clinical populations across development will help elucidate the significance of this difference and better understand this novel metric.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Cumming
- National Institute of Mental Health, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - N Kozhemiako
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital & Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - AE Thurm
- National Institute of Mental Health, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - CA Farmer
- National Institute of Mental Health, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - SW Purcell
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital & Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - AW Buckley
- National Institute of Mental Health, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
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18
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Kumral D, Matzerath A, Leonhart R, Schönauer M. Spindle-dependent memory consolidation in healthy adults: A meta-analysis. Neuropsychologia 2023; 189:108661. [PMID: 37597610 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2023.108661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests a central role for sleep spindles in the consolidation of new memories. However, no meta-analysis of the association between sleep spindles and memory performance has been conducted so far. Here, we report meta-analytical evidence for spindle-memory associations and investigate how multiple factors, including memory type, spindle type, spindle characteristics, and EEG topography affect this relationship. The literature search yielded 53 studies reporting 1427 effect sizes, resulting in a small to moderate effect for the average association. We further found that spindle-memory associations were significantly stronger for procedural memory than for declarative memory. Neither spindle types nor EEG scalp topography had an impact on the strength of the spindle-memory relation, but we observed a distinct functional role of global and fast sleep spindles, especially for procedural memory. We also found a moderation effect of spindle characteristics, with power showing the largest effect sizes. Collectively, our findings suggest that sleep spindles are involved in learning, thereby representing a general physiological mechanism for memory consolidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deniz Kumral
- Institute of Psychology, Neuropsychology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg Im Breisgau, Germany; Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Alina Matzerath
- Institute of Psychology, Neuropsychology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg Im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Rainer Leonhart
- Institute of Psychology, Social Psychology and Methodology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg Im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Monika Schönauer
- Institute of Psychology, Neuropsychology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg Im Breisgau, Germany; Bernstein Center Freiburg, Freiburg Im Breisgau, Germany
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19
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Yazdanbakhsh A, Barbas H, Zikopoulos B. Sleep spindles in primates: Modeling the effects of distinct laminar thalamocortical connectivity in core, matrix, and reticular thalamic circuits. Netw Neurosci 2023; 7:743-768. [PMID: 37397882 PMCID: PMC10312265 DOI: 10.1162/netn_a_00311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Sleep spindles are associated with the beginning of deep sleep and memory consolidation and are disrupted in schizophrenia and autism. In primates, distinct core and matrix thalamocortical (TC) circuits regulate sleep spindle activity through communications that are filtered by the inhibitory thalamic reticular nucleus (TRN); however, little is known about typical TC network interactions and the mechanisms that are disrupted in brain disorders. We developed a primate-specific, circuit-based TC computational model with distinct core and matrix loops that can simulate sleep spindles. We implemented novel multilevel cortical and thalamic mixing, and included local thalamic inhibitory interneurons, and direct layer 5 projections of variable density to TRN and thalamus to investigate the functional consequences of different ratios of core and matrix node connectivity contribution to spindle dynamics. Our simulations showed that spindle power in primates can be modulated based on the level of cortical feedback, thalamic inhibition, and engagement of model core versus matrix, with the latter having a greater role in spindle dynamics. The study of the distinct spatial and temporal dynamics of core-, matrix-, and mix-generated sleep spindles establishes a framework to study disruption of TC circuit balance underlying deficits in sleep and attentional gating seen in autism and schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arash Yazdanbakhsh
- Computational Neuroscience and Vision Lab, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
- Graduate Program for Neuroscience, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Helen Barbas
- Graduate Program for Neuroscience, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, Boston, MA, USA
- Neural Systems Laboratory, Program in Human Physiology, Department of Health Sciences, College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences (Sargent College), Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Basilis Zikopoulos
- Graduate Program for Neuroscience, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
- Human Systems Neuroscience Laboratory, Program in Human Physiology, Department of Health Sciences, College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences (Sargent College), Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
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20
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Campbell IG, Zhang ZY, Grimm KJ. Sleep restriction effects on sleep spindles in adolescents and relation of these effects to subsequent daytime sleepiness and cognition. Sleep 2023; 46:zsad071. [PMID: 36916319 PMCID: PMC10413429 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsad071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES Limiting spindle activity via sleep restriction could explain some of the negative cognitive effects of sleep loss in adolescents. The current study evaluates how sleep restriction affects sleep spindle number, incidence, amplitude, duration, and wave frequency and tests whether sleep restriction effects on spindles change across the years of adolescence. The study determines whether sleep restriction effects on daytime sleepiness, vigilance, and cognition are related to changes in sleep spindles. METHODS In each year of this 3-year longitudinal study, 77 participants, ranging in age from 10 to 16 years, each completed three different time in bed (TIB) schedules: 7, 8.5, or 10 hours in bed for 4 consecutive nights. A computer algorithm detected and analyzed sleep spindles in night four central and frontal electroencephalogram. Objective and self-reported daytime sleepiness and cognition were evaluated on the day following the 4th night. RESULTS For 7 versus 10 hours TIB average all-night frontal and central spindle counts were reduced by 35% and 32%, respectively. Reducing TIB also significantly decreased spindle incidence in the first 5 hours of non-rapid eye movement sleep, produced small but significant reductions in spindle amplitude, and had little to no effect on spindle duration and spindle wave frequency. Sleep restriction effects did not change with age. The reductions in spindle count and incidence were related to daytime sleepiness on the following day but were not related to working memory. CONCLUSIONS The sleep loss effects on daytime functioning in adolescents are partially mediated by reduced sleep spindles impacting daytime sleepiness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian G Campbell
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Zoey Y Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Kevin J Grimm
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
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21
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Gawande DY, Shelkar GP, Narasimhan KKS, Liu J, Dravid SM. GluN2D subunit-containing NMDA receptors regulate reticular thalamic neuron function and seizure susceptibility. Neurobiol Dis 2023; 181:106117. [PMID: 37031803 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Thalamic regulation of cortical function is important for several behavioral aspects including attention and sensorimotor control. This region has also been studied for its involvement in seizure activity. Among the NMDA receptor subunits GluN2C and GluN2D are particularly enriched in several thalamic nuclei including nucleus reticularis of the thalamus (nRT). We have previously found that GluN2C deletion does not have a strong influence on the basal excitability and burst firing characteristics of reticular thalamus neurons. Here we find that GluN2D ablation leads to reduced depolarization-induced spike frequency and reduced hyperpolarization-induced rebound burst firing in nRT neurons. Furthermore, reduced inhibitory neurotransmission was observed in the ventrobasal thalamus (VB). A model with preferential downregulation of GluN2D from parvalbumin (PV)-positive neurons was generated. Conditional deletion of GluN2D from PV neurons led to a decrease in excitability and burst firing. In addition, reduced excitability and burst firing was observed in the VB neurons together with reduced inhibitory neurotransmission. Finally, young mice with GluN2D downregulation in PV neurons showed significant resistance to pentylenetetrazol-induced seizure and differences in sensitivity to isoflurane anesthesia but were normal in other behaviors. Conditional deletion of GluN2D from PV neurons also affected expression of other GluN2 subunits and GABA receptor in the nRT. Together, these results identify a unique role of GluN2D-containing receptors in the regulation of thalamic circuitry and seizure susceptibility which is relevant to mutations in GRIN2D gene found to be associated with pediatric epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh Y Gawande
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Creighton University, 2500 California Plaza, Omaha, NE 68178, USA.
| | - Gajanan P Shelkar
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Creighton University, 2500 California Plaza, Omaha, NE 68178, USA
| | - Kishore Kumar S Narasimhan
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Creighton University, 2500 California Plaza, Omaha, NE 68178, USA
| | - Jinxu Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Creighton University, 2500 California Plaza, Omaha, NE 68178, USA
| | - Shashank M Dravid
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Creighton University, 2500 California Plaza, Omaha, NE 68178, USA.
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22
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Thalamic control of sensory processing and spindles in a biophysical somatosensory thalamoreticular circuit model of wakefulness and sleep. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112200. [PMID: 36867532 PMCID: PMC10066598 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Thalamoreticular circuitry plays a key role in arousal, attention, cognition, and sleep spindles, and is linked to several brain disorders. A detailed computational model of mouse somatosensory thalamus and thalamic reticular nucleus has been developed to capture the properties of over 14,000 neurons connected by 6 million synapses. The model recreates the biological connectivity of these neurons, and simulations of the model reproduce multiple experimental findings in different brain states. The model shows that inhibitory rebound produces frequency-selective enhancement of thalamic responses during wakefulness. We find that thalamic interactions are responsible for the characteristic waxing and waning of spindle oscillations. In addition, we find that changes in thalamic excitability control spindle frequency and their incidence. The model is made openly available to provide a new tool for studying the function and dysfunction of the thalamoreticular circuitry in various brain states.
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23
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Gaeta G, Wilson DA. Reciprocal relationships between sleep and smell. Front Neural Circuits 2022; 16:1076354. [PMID: 36619661 PMCID: PMC9813672 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2022.1076354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite major anatomical differences with other mammalian sensory systems, olfaction shares with those systems a modulation by sleep/wake states. Sleep modulates odor sensitivity and serves as an important regulator of both perceptual and associative odor memory. In addition, however, olfaction also has an important modulatory impact on sleep. Odors can affect the latency to sleep onset, as well as the quality and duration of sleep. Olfactory modulation of sleep may be mediated by direct synaptic interaction between the olfactory system and sleep control nuclei, and/or indirectly through odor modulation of arousal and respiration. This reciprocal interaction between sleep and olfaction presents novel opportunities for sleep related modulation of memory and perception, as well as development of non-pharmacological olfactory treatments of simple sleep disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuliano Gaeta
- Givaudan UK Limited, Health and Well-Being Centre of Excellence, Ashford, United Kingdom,Giuliano Gaeta,
| | - Donald A. Wilson
- Emotional Brain Institute, Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, United States,Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, NYU School of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY, United States,*Correspondence: Donald A. Wilson,
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24
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Mushtaq M, Marshall L, Bazhenov M, Mölle M, Martinetz T. Differential thalamocortical interactions in slow and fast spindle generation: A computational model. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0277772. [PMID: 36508417 PMCID: PMC9744318 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0277772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cortical slow oscillations (SOs) and thalamocortical sleep spindles are two prominent EEG rhythms of slow wave sleep. These EEG rhythms play an essential role in memory consolidation. In humans, sleep spindles are categorized into slow spindles (8-12 Hz) and fast spindles (12-16 Hz), with different properties. Slow spindles that couple with the up-to-down phase of the SO require more experimental and computational investigation to disclose their origin, functional relevance and most importantly their relation with SOs regarding memory consolidation. To examine slow spindles, we propose a biophysical thalamocortical model with two independent thalamic networks (one for slow and the other for fast spindles). Our modeling results show that fast spindles lead to faster cortical cell firing, and subsequently increase the amplitude of the cortical local field potential (LFP) during the SO down-to-up phase. Slow spindles also facilitate cortical cell firing, but the response is slower, thereby increasing the cortical LFP amplitude later, at the SO up-to-down phase of the SO cycle. Neither the SO rhythm nor the duration of the SO down state is affected by slow spindle activity. Furthermore, at a more hyperpolarized membrane potential level of fast thalamic subnetwork cells, the activity of fast spindles decreases, while the slow spindles activity increases. Together, our model results suggest that slow spindles may facilitate the initiation of the following SO cycle, without however affecting expression of the SO Up and Down states.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lisa Marshall
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- Center for Brain, Behavior and Metabolism, Lübeck, Germany
- University Clinic Hospital Schleswig Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Maxim Bazhenov
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Matthias Mölle
- Center for Brain, Behavior and Metabolism, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Thomas Martinetz
- Institute for Neuro- and Bioinformatics, Lübeck, Germany
- Center for Brain, Behavior and Metabolism, Lübeck, Germany
- * E-mail:
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25
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Marchi V, Rizzi R, Nevalainen P, Melani F, Lori S, Antonelli C, Vanhatalo S, Guzzetta A. Asymmetry in sleep spindles and motor outcome in infants with unilateral brain injury. Dev Med Child Neurol 2022; 64:1375-1382. [PMID: 35445398 PMCID: PMC9790667 DOI: 10.1111/dmcn.15244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM To determine whether interhemispheric difference in sleep spindles in infants with perinatal unilateral brain injury could link to a pathological network reorganization that underpins the development of unilateral cerebral palsy (CP). METHOD This was a multicentre retrospective study of 40 infants (19 females, 21 males) with unilateral brain injury. Sleep spindles were detected and quantified with an automated algorithm from electroencephalograph records performed at 2 months to 5 months of age. The clinical outcomes after 18 months were compared to spindle power asymmetry (SPA) between hemispheres in different brain regions. RESULTS We found a significantly increased SPA in infants who later developed unilateral CP (n=13, with the most robust interhemispheric difference seen in the central spindles. The best individual-level prediction of unilateral CP was seen in the centro-occipital spindles with an overall accuracy of 93%. An empiric cut-off level for SPA at 0.65 gave a positive predictive value of 100% and a negative predictive value of 93% for later development of unilateral CP. INTERPRETATION Our data suggest that automated analysis of interhemispheric SPA provides a potential biomarker of unilateral CP at a very early age. This holds promise for guiding the early diagnostic process in infants with a perinatally identified brain injury. WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS Unilateral perinatal brain injury may affect the development of electroencephalogram (EEG) sleep spindles. Interhemispheric asymmetry in sleep spindles can be quantified with automated EEG analysis. Spindle power asymmetry can be a potential biomarker of unilateral cerebral palsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviana Marchi
- Department of Developmental NeuroscienceIRCCS Stella Maris FoundationPisaItaly
| | - Riccardo Rizzi
- Department of Developmental NeuroscienceIRCCS Stella Maris FoundationPisaItaly
- Department of Neuroscience, PsychologyDrug Research and Child Health NEUROFARBA, University of FlorenceFlorenceItaly
| | - Päivi Nevalainen
- Department of Clinical NeurophysiologyChildren's Hospital, HUS Diagnostic Center, Clinical Neurosciences, Helsinki University Hospital and University of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Federico Melani
- Neuroscience Department, Children's Hospital MeyerUniversity of FlorenceFlorence
| | - Silvia Lori
- Neurophysiology Unit, Neuro‐Musculo‐Skeletal DepartmentUniversity Hospital CareggiFlorenceItaly
| | - Camilla Antonelli
- Department of Developmental NeuroscienceIRCCS Stella Maris FoundationPisaItaly
- Department of Neuroscience, PsychologyDrug Research and Child Health NEUROFARBA, University of FlorenceFlorenceItaly
| | - Sampsa Vanhatalo
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, BABA CenterChildren's Hospital, Neuroscience Center, HiLIFE, Helsinki University Hospital and University of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Andrea Guzzetta
- Department of Developmental NeuroscienceIRCCS Stella Maris FoundationPisaItaly
- Department of Clinical and Experimental MedicineUniversity of PisaPisaItaly
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26
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Pre-Sleep Cognitive Arousal Is Unrelated to Sleep Misperception in Healthy Sleepers When Unexpected Sounds Are Played during Non-Rapid Eye Movement Sleep: A Polysomnography Study. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12091220. [PMID: 36138955 PMCID: PMC9497057 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12091220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: It is well-established that environmental noise can disrupt sleep, and cause a mismatch between subjective and objective sleep, which is known as “sleep misperception”. Naturalistic studies indicate that pre-sleep cognitive arousal and sleep misperception are associated in the context of noise. However, it is not known if this is the case when ecologically valid noises are specifically played during non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep, which is susceptible to noise-related disruption. The present study evaluated if pre-sleep cognitive arousal was associated with sleep misperception in healthy normal sleepers, when unexpected ecologically valid common nocturnal noises were played during NREM sleep. Methods: Eighteen healthy sleepers (Mage = 23.37 years, SDage = 3.21 years) participated. Sleep was measured objectively on three consecutive nights using polysomnography, in a sleep laboratory environment, and subjectively, through participant estimates of total sleep time (TST). Night 1 was a baseline night where no noises were played. On Night 2, noises, which were chosen to be representative of habitual nocturnal noises heard in home environments, were played to participants via in-ear headphones after 5 min of objective sleep. Results: Unexpectedly, habitual pre-sleep cognitive arousal was not associated with subjective–objective TST discrepancy on Night 2. Conclusions: These results suggest that in healthy sleepers, when ecologically valid noises are played unexpectedly during NREM sleep in an unfamiliar sleep laboratory environment the subjective experience of sleep is not associated with pre-sleep cognitive arousal, or negatively impacted by noise exposure.
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27
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Akbar SA, Mattfeld AT, Laird AR, McMakin DL. Sleep to Internalizing Pathway in Young Adolescents (SIPYA): A proposed neurodevelopmental model. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 140:104780. [PMID: 35843345 PMCID: PMC10750488 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of internalizing disorders, i.e., anxiety and depressive disorders, spikes in adolescence and has been increasing amongst adolescents despite the existence of evidence-based treatments, highlighting the need for advancing theories on how internalizing disorders emerge. The current review presents a theoretical model, called the Sleep to Internalizing Pathway in Young Adolescents (SIPYA) Model, to explain how risk factors, namely sleep-related problems (SRPs), are prospectively associated with internalizing disorders in adolescence. Specifically, SRPs during late childhood and early adolescence, around the initiation of pubertal development, contribute to the interruption of intrinsic brain networks dynamics, both within the default mode network and between the default mode network and other networks in the brain. This interruption leaves adolescents vulnerable to repetitive negative thought, such as worry or rumination, which then increases vulnerability to internalizing symptoms and disorders later in adolescence. Sleep-related behaviors are observable, modifiable, low-stigma, and beneficial beyond treating internalizing psychopathology, highlighting the intervention potential associated with understanding the neurodevelopmental impact of SRPs around the transition to adolescence. This review details support for the SIPYA Model, as well as gaps in the literature and future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saima A Akbar
- Department of Psychology, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA.
| | - Aaron T Mattfeld
- Department of Psychology, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Angela R Laird
- Department of Physics, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Dana L McMakin
- Department of Psychology, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
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28
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Ukhinov EB, Madaeva IM, Berdina ON, Rychkova LV, Kolesnikova LI, Kolesnikov SI. Features of the EEG Pattern of Sleep Spindles and Its Diagnostic Significance in Ontogeny. Bull Exp Biol Med 2022; 173:399-408. [DOI: 10.1007/s10517-022-05557-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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29
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Lokhandwala S, Spencer RMC. Relations between sleep patterns early in life and brain development: A review. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2022; 56:101130. [PMID: 35779333 PMCID: PMC9254005 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep supports healthy cognitive functioning in adults. Over the past decade, research has emerged advancing our understanding of sleep's role in cognition during development. Infancy and early childhood are marked by unique changes in sleep physiology and sleep patterns as children transition from biphasic to monophasic sleep. Growing evidence suggests that, during development, there are parallel changes in sleep and the brain and that sleep may modulate brain structure and activity and vice versa. In this review, we survey studies of sleep and brain development across childhood. By summarizing these findings, we provide a unique understanding of the importance of healthy sleep for healthy brain and cognitive development. Moreover, we discuss gaps in our understanding, which will inform future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanna Lokhandwala
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, United States; Developmental Sciences Program, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, United States
| | - Rebecca M C Spencer
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, United States; Developmental Sciences Program, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, United States; Neuroscience & Behavior Program, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, United States; Institute for Applied Life Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, United States.
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30
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Mediation of Sinusoidal Network Oscillations in the Locus Coeruleus of Newborn Rat Slices by Pharmacologically Distinct AMPA and KA Receptors. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12070945. [PMID: 35884751 PMCID: PMC9321180 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12070945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain control by locus coeruleus (LC) neurons involves afferent glutamate (Glu) inputs. In newborns, LC Glu receptors and responses may be sparse due to immaturity of the brain circuits providing such input. However, we reported, using newborn rat brain slices, that Glu and its ionotropic receptor (iGluR) agonist NMDA transform spontaneous local field potential (LFP) rhythm. Here, we studied whether α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic-acid (AMPA) and kainate (KA) iGluR subtypes also transform the LFP pattern. AMPA (0.25–0.5 µM) and KA (0.5–2.5 µM) merged ~0.2 s-lasting bell-shaped LFP events occurring at ~1 Hz into ~40% shorter and ~4-fold faster spindle-shaped and more regular sinusoidal oscillations. The AMPA/KA effects were associated with a 3.1/4.3-fold accelerated phase-locked single neuron spiking due to 4.0/4.2 mV depolarization while spike jitter decreased to 64/42% of the control, respectively. Raising extracellular K+ from 3 to 9 mM increased the LFP rate 1.4-fold or elicited slower multipeak events. A blockade of Cl−-mediated inhibition with gabazine (5 μM) plus strychnine (10 μM) affected neither the control rhythm nor AMPA/KA oscillations. GYKI-53655 (25 μM) blocked AMPA (but not KA) oscillations whereas UBP-302 (25 μM) blocked KA (but not AMPA) oscillations. Our findings revealed that AMPA and KA evoke a similar novel neural network discharge pattern transformation type by acting on pharmacologically distinct AMPAR and KA receptors. This shows that already the neonatal LC can generate oscillatory network behaviors that may be important, for example, for responses to opioids.
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31
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Katsuki F, Gerashchenko D, Brown RE. Alterations of sleep oscillations in Alzheimer's disease: A potential role for GABAergic neurons in the cortex, hippocampus, and thalamus. Brain Res Bull 2022; 187:181-198. [PMID: 35850189 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2022.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Sleep abnormalities are widely reported in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and are linked to cognitive impairments. Sleep abnormalities could be potential biomarkers to detect AD since they are often observed at the preclinical stage. Moreover, sleep could be a target for early intervention to prevent or slow AD progression. Thus, here we review changes in brain oscillations observed during sleep, their connection to AD pathophysiology and the role of specific brain circuits. Slow oscillations (0.1-1 Hz), sleep spindles (8-15 Hz) and their coupling during non-REM sleep are consistently reduced in studies of patients and in AD mouse models although the timing and magnitude of these alterations depends on the pathophysiological changes and the animal model studied. Changes in delta (1-4 Hz) activity are more variable. Animal studies suggest that hippocampal sharp-wave ripples (100-250 Hz) are also affected. Reductions in REM sleep amount and slower oscillations during REM are seen in patients but less consistently in animal models. Thus, changes in a variety of sleep oscillations could impact sleep-dependent memory consolidation or restorative functions of sleep. Recent mechanistic studies suggest that alterations in the activity of GABAergic neurons in the cortex, hippocampus and thalamic reticular nucleus mediate sleep oscillatory changes in AD and represent a potential target for intervention. Longitudinal studies of the timing of AD-related sleep abnormalities with respect to pathology and dysfunction of specific neural networks are needed to identify translationally relevant biomarkers and guide early intervention strategies to prevent or delay AD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumi Katsuki
- VA Boston Healthcare System and Harvard Medical School, Dept. of Psychiatry, West Roxbury, MA 02132, USA.
| | - Dmitry Gerashchenko
- VA Boston Healthcare System and Harvard Medical School, Dept. of Psychiatry, West Roxbury, MA 02132, USA
| | - Ritchie E Brown
- VA Boston Healthcare System and Harvard Medical School, Dept. of Psychiatry, West Roxbury, MA 02132, USA
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32
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Petzka M, Chatburn A, Charest I, Balanos GM, Staresina BP. Sleep spindles track cortical learning patterns for memory consolidation. Curr Biol 2022; 32:2349-2356.e4. [PMID: 35561681 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2022.04.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Memory consolidation-the transformation of labile memory traces into stable long-term representations-is facilitated by post-learning sleep. Computational and biophysical models suggest that sleep spindles may play a key mechanistic role for consolidation, igniting structural changes at cortical sites involved in prior learning. Here, we tested the resulting prediction that spindles are most pronounced over learning-related cortical areas and that the extent of this learning-spindle overlap predicts behavioral measures of memory consolidation. Using high-density scalp electroencephalography (EEG) and polysomnography (PSG) in healthy volunteers, we first identified cortical areas engaged during a temporospatial associative memory task (power decreases in the alpha/beta frequency range, 6-20 Hz). Critically, we found that participant-specific topographies (i.e., spatial distributions) of post-learning sleep spindle amplitude correlated with participant-specific learning topographies. Importantly, the extent to which spindles tracked learning patterns further predicted memory consolidation across participants. Our results provide empirical evidence for a role of post-learning sleep spindles in tracking learning networks, thereby facilitating memory consolidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marit Petzka
- School of Psychology and Centre for Human Brain Health, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK; Max Planck Research Group NeuroCode, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alex Chatburn
- Cognitive and Systems Neuroscience Research Hub, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Ian Charest
- Department of Psychology, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - George M Balanos
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Bernhard P Staresina
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Oxford Centre for Human Brain Activity, Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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33
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Toor B, van den Berg NH, Fang Z, Pozzobon A, Ray LB, Fogel SM. Age-related differences in problem-solving skills: Reduced benefit of sleep for memory trace consolidation. Neurobiol Aging 2022; 116:55-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2022.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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34
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Waselenchuk Q, Ballanyi K. Autocrine Neuromodulation and Network Activity Patterns in the Locus Coeruleus of Newborn Rat Slices. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12040437. [PMID: 35447969 PMCID: PMC9024645 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12040437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Already in newborns, the locus coeruleus (LC) controls multiple brain functions and may have a complex organization as in adults. Our findings in newborn rat brain slices indicate that LC neurons (i) generate at ~1 Hz a ~0.3 s-lasting local field potential (LFP) comprising summated phase-locked single spike discharge, (ii) express intrinsic ‘pacemaker’ or ‘burster’ properties and (iii) receive solely excitatory or initially excitatory−secondary inhibitory inputs. μ-opioid or ɑ2 noradrenaline receptor agonists block LFP rhythm at 100−250 nM whereas slightly lower doses transform its bell-shaped pattern into slower crescendo-shaped multipeak bursts. GABAA and glycine receptors hyperpolarize LC neurons to abolish rhythm which remains though unaffected by blocking them. Rhythm persists also during ionotropic glutamate receptor (iGluR) inhibition whereas <10 mV depolarization during iGluR agonists accelerates spiking to cause subtype-specific fast (spindle-shaped) LFP oscillations. Similar modest neuronal depolarization causing a cytosolic Ca2+ rise occurs (without effect on neighboring astrocytes) during LFP acceleration by CNQX activating a TARP-AMPA-type iGluR complex. In contrast, noradrenaline lowers neuronal Ca2+ baseline via ɑ2 receptors, but evokes an ɑ1 receptor-mediated ‘concentric’ astrocytic Ca2+ wave. In summary, the neonatal LC has a complex (possibly modular) organization to enable discharge pattern transformations that might facilitate discrete actions on target circuits.
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35
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Mylonas D, Machado S, Larson O, Patel R, Cox R, Vangel M, Maski K, Stickgold R, Manoach DS. Dyscoordination of non-rapid eye movement sleep oscillations in autism spectrum disorder. Sleep 2022; 45:6505127. [DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsac010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Study Objectives
Converging evidence from neuroimaging, sleep, and genetic studies suggest that dysregulation of thalamocortical interactions mediated by the thalamic reticular nucleus (TRN) contribute to autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Sleep spindles assay TRN function, and their coordination with cortical slow oscillations (SOs) indexes thalamocortical communication. These oscillations mediate memory consolidation during sleep. In the present study, we comprehensively characterized spindles and their coordination with SOs in relation to memory and age in children with ASD.
Methods
Nineteen children and adolescents with ASD, without intellectual disability, and 18 typically developing (TD) peers, aged 9–17, completed a home polysomnography study with testing on a spatial memory task before and after sleep. Spindles, SOs, and their coordination were characterized during stages 2 (N2) and 3 (N3) non-rapid eye movement sleep.
Results
ASD participants showed disrupted SO-spindle coordination during N2 sleep. Spindles peaked later in SO upstates and their timing was less consistent. They also showed a spindle density (#/min) deficit during N3 sleep. Both groups showed significant sleep-dependent memory consolidation, but their relations with spindle density differed. While TD participants showed the expected positive correlations, ASD participants showed the opposite.
Conclusions
The disrupted SO-spindle coordination and spindle deficit provide further evidence of abnormal thalamocortical interactions and TRN dysfunction in ASD. The inverse relations of spindle density with memory suggest a different function for spindles in ASD than TD. We propose that abnormal sleep oscillations reflect genetically mediated disruptions of TRN-dependent thalamocortical circuit development that contribute to the manifestations of ASD and are potentially treatable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Mylonas
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Sasha Machado
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Olivia Larson
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA,USA
| | - Rudra Patel
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Roy Cox
- Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Sleep and Cognition, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Amsterdam,The Netherlands
| | - Mark Vangel
- Department of Biostatistics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA,USA
| | - Kiran Maski
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Robert Stickgold
- Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dara S Manoach
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Charlestown, MA, USA
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Representations of temporal sleep dynamics: review and synthesis of the literature. Sleep Med Rev 2022; 63:101611. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2022.101611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Xu B, Cai Q, Mai R, Liang H, Huang J, Yang Z. Sleep EEG characteristics associated with total sleep time misperception in young adults: an exploratory study. BEHAVIORAL AND BRAIN FUNCTIONS : BBF 2022; 18:2. [PMID: 35073948 PMCID: PMC8788124 DOI: 10.1186/s12993-022-00188-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Background Power spectral analysis (PSA) is one of the most commonly-used EEG markers of cortical hyperarousal, and can help to understand subjective–objective sleep discrepancy (SOD). Age is associated with decreased sleep EEG activity; however, the PSA of young adults is currently limited. Thus, this study aimed to examine the correlation of spectral EEG power with total sleep time (TST) misperception in young patients. Methods Forty-seven young adults were recruited and underwent a polysomnography recording in a sleep laboratory. Clinical records and self-report questionnaires of all patients were collected, and were used to categorize patients into a good sleeper (GS) group (n = 10), insomnia with a low mismatch group (IWLM, n = 19) or participant with a high mismatch group (IWHM, n = 18). PSA was applied to the first 6 h of sleep. Results IWHM patients exhibited a higher absolute power and relative beta/delta ratio in the frontal region compared to the GS group. No significant difference was observed between the IWLM and GS groups. No significant difference in the above parameters was observed between the IWHM and IWLM groups. Moreover, The SOD of TST was positively correlated with frontal absolute power and the relative beta/delta ratio (r = 0.363, P = 0.012; r = 0.363, P = 0.012), and absolute beta EEG spectral power (r = 0.313, P = 0.032) as well as the number of arousals. Conclusions Increased frontal beta/delta ratio EEG power was found in young patients with a high mismatch but not in those with a low mismatch, compared with good sleepers. This suggests that there exists increased cortical activity in IWHM patients. In addition, the frontal beta/delta ratio and the number of arousals was positively correlated with the SOD of TST.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biyun Xu
- Department of Fangcun Sleep-Disorder, the Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hopsital of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, 510120, China. .,Applicants for Doctoral Degree with an Equivalent Educational Level in Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China. .,, 111 Dade Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510120, China.
| | - Qinghao Cai
- Department of Fangcun Sleep-Disorder, the Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hopsital of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Runru Mai
- Department of Fangcun Sleep-Disorder, the Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hopsital of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Hailong Liang
- Department of Fangcun Sleep-Disorder, the Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hopsital of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Jiayu Huang
- Department of Fangcun Sleep-Disorder, the Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hopsital of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Zhimin Yang
- Department of Fangcun Sleep-Disorder, the Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hopsital of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, 510120, China
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Buller-Peralta I, Maicas-Royo J, Lu Z, Till SM, Wood ER, Kind PC, Escudero J, Gonzalez-Sulser A. Abnormal brain state distribution and network connectivity in a SYNGAP1 rat model. Brain Commun 2022; 4:fcac263. [PMID: 36349120 PMCID: PMC9638780 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcac263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the SYNGAP1 gene are one of the common predictors of neurodevelopmental disorders, commonly resulting in individuals developing autism, intellectual disability, epilepsy, and sleep deficits. EEG recordings in neurodevelopmental disorders show potential to identify clinically translatable biomarkers to both diagnose and track the progress of novel therapeutic strategies, as well as providing insight into underlying pathological mechanisms. In a rat model of SYNGAP1 haploinsufficiency in which the exons encoding the calcium/lipid binding and GTPase-activating protein domains have been deleted (Syngap+/Δ-GAP ), we analysed the duration and occurrence of wake, non-rapid eye movement and rapid eye movement brain states during 6 h multi-electrode EEG recordings. We find that although Syngap+/Δ-GAP animals spend an equivalent percent time in wake and sleep states, they have an abnormal brain state distribution as the number of wake and non-rapid eye movement bouts are reduced and there is an increase in the average duration of both wake and non-rapid eye movement epochs. We perform connectivity analysis by calculating the average imaginary coherence between electrode pairs at varying distance thresholds during these states. In group averages from pairs of electrodes at short distances from each other, a clear reduction in connectivity during non-rapid eye movement is present between 11.5 Hz and 29.5 Hz, a frequency range that overlaps with sleep spindles, oscillatory phenomena thought to be important for normal brain function and memory consolidation. Sleep abnormalities were mostly uncorrelated to the electrophysiological signature of absence seizures, spike and wave discharges, as was the imaginary coherence deficit. Sleep spindles occurrence, amplitude, power and spread across multiple electrodes were not reduced in Syngap+/Δ-GAP rats, with only a small decrease in duration detected. Nonetheless, by analysing the dynamic imaginary coherence during sleep spindles, we found a reduction in high-connectivity instances between short-distance electrode pairs. Finally comparing the dynamic imaginary coherence during sleep spindles between individual electrode pairs, we identified a group of channels over the right somatosensory, association and visual cortices that have a significant reduction in connectivity during sleep spindles in mutant animals. This matched a significant reduction in connectivity during spindles when averaged regional comparisons were made. These data suggest that Syngap+/Δ-GAP rats have altered brain state dynamics and EEG connectivity, which may have clinical relevance for SYNGAP1 haploinsufficiency in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Buller-Peralta
- Simons Initiative for the Developing Brain, Patrick Wild Centre, Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, EH8 9XD Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Jorge Maicas-Royo
- Simons Initiative for the Developing Brain, Patrick Wild Centre, Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, EH8 9XD Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Zhuoen Lu
- School of Engineering, Institute for Digital Communications, University of Edinburgh, EH9 3JL Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Sally M Till
- Simons Initiative for the Developing Brain, Patrick Wild Centre, Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, EH8 9XD Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Emma R Wood
- Simons Initiative for the Developing Brain, Patrick Wild Centre, Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, EH8 9XD Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Peter C Kind
- Simons Initiative for the Developing Brain, Patrick Wild Centre, Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, EH8 9XD Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Javier Escudero
- School of Engineering, Institute for Digital Communications, University of Edinburgh, EH9 3JL Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Alfredo Gonzalez-Sulser
- Simons Initiative for the Developing Brain, Patrick Wild Centre, Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, EH8 9XD Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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Baek S, Yu H, Roh J, Lee J, Sohn I, Kim S, Park C. Effect of a Recliner Chair with Rocking Motions on Sleep Efficiency. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 21:8214. [PMID: 34960304 PMCID: PMC8706869 DOI: 10.3390/s21248214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we analyze the effect of a recliner chair with rocking motions on sleep quality of naps using automated sleep scoring and spindle detection models. The quality of sleep corresponding to the two rocking motions was measured quantitatively and qualitatively. For the quantitative evaluation, we conducted a sleep parameter analysis based on the results of the estimated sleep stages obtained on the brainwave and spindle estimation, and a sleep survey assessment from the participants was analyzed for the qualitative evaluation. The analysis showed that sleep in the recliner chair with rocking motions positively increased the duration of the spindles and deep sleep stage, resulting in improved sleep quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suwhan Baek
- Department of Computer engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Korea
| | - Hyunsoo Yu
- Department of Computer engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Korea
| | - Jongryun Roh
- Digital Transformation RnD Department, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Ansan 15588, Korea
| | - Jungnyun Lee
- Digital Transformation RnD Department, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Ansan 15588, Korea
| | - Illsoo Sohn
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul 01811, Korea
| | - Sayup Kim
- Digital Transformation RnD Department, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Ansan 15588, Korea
| | - Cheolsoo Park
- Department of Computer engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Korea
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Page J, Wakschlag LS, Norton ES. Nonrapid eye movement sleep characteristics and relations with motor, memory, and cognitive ability from infancy to preadolescence. Dev Psychobiol 2021; 63:e22202. [PMID: 34813099 PMCID: PMC8898567 DOI: 10.1002/dev.22202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Sleep plays a critical role in neural neurodevelopment. Hallmarks of sleep reflected in the electroencephalogram during nonrapid eye movement (NREM) sleep are associated with learning processes, cognitive ability, memory, and motor functioning. Research in adults is well-established; however, the role of NREM sleep in childhood is less clear. Growing evidence suggests the importance of two NREM sleep features: slow-wave activity and sleep spindles. These features may be critical for understanding maturational change and the functional role of sleep during development. Here, we review the literature on NREM sleep from infancy to preadolescence to provide insight into the network dynamics of the developing brain. The reviewed findings show distinct relations between topographical and maturational aspects of slow waves and sleep spindles; however, the direction and consistency of these relationships vary, and associations with cognitive ability remain unclear. Future research investigating the role of NREM sleep and development would benefit from longitudinal approaches, increased control for circadian and homeostatic influences, and in early childhood, studies recording daytime naps and overnight sleep to yield increased precision for detecting age-related change. Such evidence could help explicate the role of NREM sleep and provide putative physiological markers of neurodevelopment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Page
- Roxelyn and Richard Pepper Department of Communication
Sciences and Disorders, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
- Northwestern University Institute for Innovations in
Developmental Sciences, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Lauren S. Wakschlag
- Northwestern University Institute for Innovations in
Developmental Sciences, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Feinberg School of
Medicine, Northwestern, University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Elizabeth S. Norton
- Roxelyn and Richard Pepper Department of Communication
Sciences and Disorders, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
- Northwestern University Institute for Innovations in
Developmental Sciences, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Feinberg School of
Medicine, Northwestern, University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Kuang H, Zhu YG, Zhou ZF, Yang MW, Hong FF, Yang SL. Sleep disorders in Alzheimer's disease: the predictive roles and potential mechanisms. Neural Regen Res 2021; 16:1965-1972. [PMID: 33642368 PMCID: PMC8343328 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.308071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep disorders are common in patients with Alzheimer's disease, and can even occur in patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment, which appears before Alzheimer's disease. Sleep disorders further impair cognitive function and accelerate the accumulation of amyloid-β and tau in patients with Alzheimer's disease. At present, sleep disorders are considered as a risk factor for, and may be a predictor of, Alzheimer's disease development. Given that sleep disorders are encountered in other types of dementia and psychiatric conditions, sleep-related biomarkers to predict Alzheimer's disease need to have high specificity and sensitivity. Here, we summarize the major Alzheimer's disease-specific sleep changes, including abnormal non-rapid eye movement sleep, sleep fragmentation, and sleep-disordered breathing, and describe their ability to predict the onset of Alzheimer's disease at its earliest stages. Understanding the mechanisms underlying these sleep changes is also crucial if we are to clarify the role of sleep in Alzheimer's disease. This paper therefore explores some potential mechanisms that may contribute to sleep disorders, including dysregulation of the orexinergic, glutamatergic, and γ-aminobutyric acid systems and the circadian rhythm, together with amyloid-β accumulation. This review could provide a theoretical basis for the development of drugs to treat Alzheimer's disease based on sleep disorders in future work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huang Kuang
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Yu-Ge Zhu
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Zhi-Feng Zhou
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Mei-Wen Yang
- Department of Nurse, Nanchang University Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Fen-Fang Hong
- Department of Experimental Teaching Center, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Shu-Long Yang
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
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Abstract
Sleep disturbances are commonly observed in schizophrenia, including in chronic, early-course, and first-episode patients. This has generated considerable interest, both in clinical and research endeavors, in characterizing the relationship between disturbed sleep and schizophrenia. Sleep features can be objectively assessed with EEG recordings. Traditionally, EEG studies have focused on sleep architecture, which includes non-REM and REM sleep stages. More recently, numerous studies have investigated alterations in sleep-specific rhythms, including EEG oscillations, such as sleep spindles and slow waves, in individuals with schizophrenia compared with control subjects. In this article, the author reviews state-of-the-art evidence of disturbed sleep in schizophrenia, starting from the relationship between sleep disturbances and clinical symptoms. First, the author presents studies demonstrating abnormalities in sleep architecture and sleep-oscillatory rhythms in schizophrenia and related psychotic disorders, with an emphasis on recent work demonstrating sleep spindles and slow-wave deficits in early-course and first-episode schizophrenia. Next, the author shows how these sleep abnormalities relate to the cognitive impairments in patients diagnosed with schizophrenia and point to dysfunctions in underlying thalamocortical circuits, Ca+ channel activity, and GABA-glutamate neurotransmission. Finally, the author discusses some of the next steps needed to further establish the role of altered sleep in schizophrenia, including the need to investigate sleep abnormalities across the psychotic spectrum and to establish their relationship with circadian disturbances, which in turn will contribute to the development of novel sleep-informed treatment interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Ferrarelli
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Pittsburgh, PA, 15213
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Lutz ND, Admard M, Genzoni E, Born J, Rauss K. Occipital sleep spindles predict sequence learning in a visuo-motor task. Sleep 2021; 44:zsab056. [PMID: 33743012 PMCID: PMC8361350 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsab056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES The brain appears to use internal models to successfully interact with its environment via active predictions of future events. Both internal models and the predictions derived from them are based on previous experience. However, it remains unclear how previously encoded information is maintained to support this function, especially in the visual domain. In the present study, we hypothesized that sleep consolidates newly encoded spatio-temporal regularities to improve predictions afterwards. METHODS We tested this hypothesis using a novel sequence-learning paradigm that aimed to dissociate perceptual from motor learning. We recorded behavioral performance and high-density electroencephalography (EEG) in male human participants during initial training and during testing two days later, following an experimental night of sleep (n = 16, including high-density EEG recordings) or wakefulness (n = 17). RESULTS Our results show sleep-dependent behavioral improvements correlated with sleep-spindle activity specifically over occipital cortices. Moreover, event-related potential (ERP) responses indicate a shift of attention away from predictable to unpredictable sequences after sleep, consistent with enhanced automaticity in the processing of predictable sequences. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest a sleep-dependent improvement in the prediction of visual sequences, likely related to visual cortex reactivation during sleep spindles. Considering that controls in our experiments did not fully exclude oculomotor contributions, future studies will need to address the extent to which these effects depend on purely perceptual versus oculomotor sequence learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas D Lutz
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Graduate Training Centre of Neuroscience/IMPRS for Cognitive & Systems Neuroscience, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Marie Admard
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Elsa Genzoni
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jan Born
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Werner Reichardt Centre for Integrative Neuroscience, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Institute for Diabetes Research & Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University Tübingen (IDM), Germany
| | - Karsten Rauss
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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Mesbah-Oskui L, Gurges P, Liu WY, Horner RL. Optical Stimulation of Thalamic Spindle Circuitry Sustains Electroencephalogram Patterns of General Anesthesia but not Duration of Loss of Consciousness. Neuroscience 2021; 468:110-122. [PMID: 34126184 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2021.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Alterations in thalamic GABAergic signaling are implicated in mediating the rise in 12-30 Hz electroencephalogram (EEG) activity that signals anesthetic-induced loss-of-consciousness with GABAA receptor-targeting general anesthetics. A number of modeling studies have identified that anesthetic-induced alterations in thalamocortico-corticothalamic signaling in the same network that generates sleep spindles would be sufficient to elicit this key EEG signature of anesthetic hypnosis with general anesthetic agents. Accordingly, we hypothesize that targeted stimulation of this thalamic GABAergic circuitry into a sleep-spindle mode of activity would promote the general anesthetic effects of etomidate. We recorded EEG activity and loss-of-righting reflex in transgenic mice expressing channel rhodopsin-2 on GABAergic neurons (ChR2-VGAT, n = 8) and control, wild-type mice (C57BL/6J, n = 8). On two consecutive days mice were randomly assigned to receive spindle-rhythm stimulation via an optical probe targeting the left reticular thalamic nucleus or no stimulation. After an initial 30-minute recording, mice were administered etomidate (12 mg/kg, intraperitoneal) and recorded for 90 min with or without optical stimulation. Etomidate elicited an increase in 12-30 Hz EEG power in wild-type and ChR2-VGAT mice for 20 min following administration (p < 0.001). Optical spindle-rhythm stimulation prolonged the increase in 12-30 Hz activity in ChR2-VGAT mice only (p = 0.023). Spindle-rhythm stimulation also increased the incidence and duration of sleep spindle-like oscillations in ChR2-VGAT mice only (all p ≤ 0.001). Despite the maintained anesthetic-like changes in EEG activity, optical spindle-rhythm stimulation was not associated with changes in the time to and duration of the loss-of-righting reflex, a behavioral endpoint of etomidate-induced general anesthesia in rodents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lia Mesbah-Oskui
- Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Patrick Gurges
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Wen-Ying Liu
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada; State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Richard L Horner
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada; Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada.
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Zhang ZY, Campbell IG, Dhayagude P, Espino HC, Feinberg I. Longitudinal Analysis of Sleep Spindle Maturation from Childhood through Late Adolescence. J Neurosci 2021; 41:4253-4261. [PMID: 33785642 PMCID: PMC8143202 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2370-20.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep spindles are intermittent bursts of 11-15 Hz EEG waves that occur during non-rapid eye movement sleep. Spindles are believed to help maintain sleep and to play a role in sleep-dependent memory consolidation. Here we applied an automated sleep spindle detection program to our large longitudinal sleep EEG dataset (98 human subjects, 6-18 years old, >2000 uninterrupted nights) to evaluate maturational trends in spindle wave frequency, density, amplitude, and duration. This large dataset enabled us to apply nonlinear as well as linear age models, thereby extending the findings of prior cross-sectional studies that used linear models. We found that spindle wave frequency increased with remarkable linearity across the age range. Central spindle density increased nonlinearly to a peak at age 15.1 years. Central spindle wave amplitude declined in a sigmoidal pattern with the age of fastest decline at 13.5 years. Spindle duration decreased linearly with age. Of the four measures, only spindle amplitude showed a sex difference in dynamics such that the age of most rapid decline in females preceded that in males by 1.4 years. This amplitude pattern, including the sex difference in timing, paralleled the maturational pattern for δ (1-4 Hz) wave power. We interpret these age-related changes in spindle characteristics as indicators of maturation of thalamocortical circuits and changes in sleep depth. These robust age-effects could facilitate the search for cognitive-behavioral correlates of spindle waveforms and might also help guide basic research on EEG mechanisms and postnatal brain maturation.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The brain reorganization of adolescence produces massive changes in sleep EEG. These changes include the morphology and abundance of sleep spindles, an EEG marker of non-rapid eye movement sleep believed to reflect offline memory processes and/or protection of the sleep state. We analyzed >2000 nights of longitudinal sleep EEG from 98 subjects (age 6-18 years old) to investigate maturational changes in spindle amplitude, frequency, density, and duration. The large dataset enabled us to detect nonlinear as well as linear age changes. All measures showed robust age effects that we hypothesize reflect the maturation of thalamocortical circuits and decreasing sleep depth. These findings could guide further research into the cognitive-behavioral correlates of sleep spindles and their underlying brain mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoey Y Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California 95817
| | - Ian G Campbell
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California 95817
| | - Pari Dhayagude
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California 95817
| | - Harrison C Espino
- Department of Computer Science, University of California Davis, Davis, California 95616
| | - Irwin Feinberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California 95817
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Joechner AK, Wehmeier S, Werkle-Bergner M. Electrophysiological indicators of sleep-associated memory consolidation in 5- to 6-year-old children. Psychophysiology 2021; 58:e13829. [PMID: 33951193 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.13829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In adults, the synchronized interplay of sleep spindles (SP) and slow oscillations (SO) supports memory consolidation. Given tremendous developmental changes in SP and SO morphology, it remains elusive whether across childhood the same mechanisms as identified in adults are functional. Based on topography and frequency, we characterize slow and fast SPs and their temporal coupling to SOs in 24 pre-school children. Further, we ask whether slow and fast SPs and their modulation during SOs are associated with behavioral indicators of declarative memory consolidation as suggested by the literature on adults. Employing an individually tailored approach, we reliably identify an inherent, development-specific fast centro-parietal SP type, nested in the adult-like slow SP frequency range, along with a dominant slow frontal SP type. Further, we provide evidence that the modulation of fast centro-parietal SPs during SOs is already present in pre-school children. However, the temporal coordination between fast centro-parietal SPs and SOs is weaker and less precise than expected from research on adults. While we do not find evidence for a critical contribution of SP-SO coupling for memory consolidation, crucially, slow frontal and fast centro-parietal SPs are each differentially related to sleep-associated consolidation of items of varying quality. Whereas a higher number of slow frontal SPs is associated with stronger maintenance of medium-quality memories, a higher number of fast centro-parietal SPs is linked to a greater gain of low-quality items. Our results demonstrate two functionally relevant inherent SP types in pre-school children although SP-SO coupling is not yet fully mature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann-Kathrin Joechner
- Center for Lifespan Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sarah Wehmeier
- Center for Lifespan Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany
| | - Markus Werkle-Bergner
- Center for Lifespan Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany
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Geiser T, Hertenstein E, Fehér K, Maier JG, Schneider CL, Züst MA, Wunderlin M, Mikutta C, Klöppel S, Nissen C. Targeting Arousal and Sleep through Noninvasive Brain Stimulation to Improve Mental Health. Neuropsychobiology 2021; 79:284-292. [PMID: 32408296 DOI: 10.1159/000507372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Arousal and sleep represent fundamental physiological domains, and alterations in the form of insomnia (difficulty falling or staying asleep) or hypersomnia (increased propensity for falling asleep or increased sleep duration) are prevalent clinical problems. Current first-line treatments include psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy. Despite significant success, a number of patients do not benefit sufficiently. Progress is limited by an incomplete understanding of the -neurobiology of insomnia and hypersomnia. This work summarizes current concepts of the regulation of arousal and sleep and its modulation through noninvasive brain stimulation (NIBS), including transcranial magnetic, current, and auditory stimulation. Particularly, we suggest: (1) characterization of patients with sleep problems - across diagnostic entities of mental disorders - based on specific alterations of sleep, including alterations of sleep slow waves, sleep spindles, cross-frequency coupling of brain oscillations, local sleep-wake regulation, and REM sleep and (2) targeting these with specific NIBS techniques. While evidence is accumulating that the modulation of specific alterations of sleep through NIBS is feasible, it remains to be tested whether this translates to clinically relevant effects and new treatment developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Geiser
- University Hospital of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Elisabeth Hertenstein
- University Hospital of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Kristoffer Fehér
- University Hospital of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jonathan G Maier
- University Hospital of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Carlotta L Schneider
- University Hospital of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Marc A Züst
- University Hospital of Old Age Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Marina Wunderlin
- University Hospital of Old Age Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Christian Mikutta
- University Hospital of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Privatklinik Meiringen, Meiringen, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Klöppel
- University Hospital of Old Age Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Nissen
- University Hospital of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland,
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Xu W, De Carvalho F, Clarke AK, Jackson A. Communication from the cerebellum to the neocortex during sleep spindles. Prog Neurobiol 2021; 199:101940. [PMID: 33161064 PMCID: PMC7938225 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2020.101940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 10/30/2022]
Abstract
Surprisingly little is known about neural activity in the sleeping cerebellum. Using long-term wireless recording, we characterised dynamic cerebro-thalamo-cerebellar interactions during natural sleep in monkeys. Similar sleep cycles were evident in both M1 and cerebellum as cyclical fluctuations in firing rates as well as a reciprocal pattern of slow waves and sleep spindles. Directed connectivity from motor cortex to the cerebellum suggested a neocortical origin of slow waves. Surprisingly however, spindles were associated with a directional influence from the cerebellum to motor cortex, conducted via the thalamus. Furthermore, the relative phase of spindle-band oscillations in the neocortex and cerebellum varied systematically with their changing amplitudes. We used linear dynamical systems analysis to show that this behaviour could only be explained by a system of two coupled oscillators. These observations appear inconsistent with a single spindle generator within the thalamo-cortical system, and suggest instead a cerebellar contribution to neocortical sleep spindles. Since spindles are implicated in the off-line consolidation of procedural learning, we speculate that this may involve communication via cerebello-thalamo-neocortical pathways in sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Xu
- Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle NE2 4HH, UK.
| | - F De Carvalho
- Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle NE2 4HH, UK.
| | - A K Clarke
- Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle NE2 4HH, UK.
| | - A Jackson
- Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle NE2 4HH, UK.
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O'Reilly C, Iavarone E, Yi J, Hill SL. Rodent somatosensory thalamocortical circuitry: Neurons, synapses, and connectivity. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 126:213-235. [PMID: 33766672 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
As our understanding of the thalamocortical system deepens, the questions we face become more complex. Their investigation requires the adoption of novel experimental approaches complemented with increasingly sophisticated computational modeling. In this review, we take stock of current data and knowledge about the circuitry of the somatosensory thalamocortical loop in rodents, discussing common principles across modalities and species whenever appropriate. We review the different levels of organization, including the cells, synapses, neuroanatomy, and network connectivity. We provide a complete overview of this system that should be accessible for newcomers to this field while nevertheless being comprehensive enough to serve as a reference for seasoned neuroscientists and computational modelers studying the thalamocortical system. We further highlight key gaps in data and knowledge that constitute pressing targets for future experimental work. Filling these gaps would provide invaluable information for systematically unveiling how this system supports behavioral and cognitive processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian O'Reilly
- Azrieli Centre for Autism Research, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Ronin Institute, Montclair, NJ, USA; Blue Brain Project, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Elisabetta Iavarone
- Blue Brain Project, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jane Yi
- Brain Mind Institute, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sean L Hill
- Blue Brain Project, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada.
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Sulkamo S, Hagström K, Huupponen E, Isokangas S, Lapinlampi AM, Alakuijala A, Saarenpää-Heikkilä O, Himanen SL. Sleep Spindle Features and Neurobehavioral Performance in Healthy School-Aged Children. J Clin Neurophysiol 2021; 38:149-155. [PMID: 31800466 DOI: 10.1097/wnp.0000000000000655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE In adults, central fast-frequency sleep spindles are involved in learning and memory functions. The density of local spindles is higher than global spindles, emphasizing the importance of local plastic neural processes. In children, findings on the association of spindles with cognition are more variable. Hence, we aim to study whether the local spindles are also important for neurobehavioral performance in children. METHODS We studied the correlations between local (occurring in only one channel: Fp1, Fp2, C3, or C4), bilateral, and diffuse (occurring in all four channels) spindles and neurobehavioral performance in 17 healthy children (median age 9.6 years). RESULTS Local spindles were not as frequent as bilateral spindles (P-values < 0.05). Central spindle types had significant correlations with sensorimotor and language functions (e.g., the density of bilateral central spindles correlated positively with the Object Assembly in NEPSY, r = 0.490). Interestingly, frontopolar spindles correlated with behavior (e.g., the more bilateral the frontopolar spindles, the less hyperactive the children, r = -0.618). CONCLUSIONS In children, the local spindles, but also more widespread central spindles, seem to be involved in the cognitive processes. Based on our findings, it is important that ageadjusted frequency limits are used in studies evaluating the frequencies of spindles in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saramia Sulkamo
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Medical Imaging Centre and Hospital Pharmacy, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, HUS Medical Imaging Center, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kati Hagström
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Eero Huupponen
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Medical Imaging Centre and Hospital Pharmacy, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Sirkku Isokangas
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Anna-Maria Lapinlampi
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Medical Imaging Centre and Hospital Pharmacy, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Anniina Alakuijala
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, HUS Medical Imaging Center, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland ; and
| | | | - Sari-Leena Himanen
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Medical Imaging Centre and Hospital Pharmacy, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
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