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Kappe J, Wittmann F, Luppa M, Cardona MI, Weise S, Fuchs S, Kosilek RP, Sanftenberg L, Brettschneider C, Döhring J, Escales C, Czock D, Wiese B, Thyrian JR, Hoffmann W, Frese T, Gensichen J, König HH, Kaduszkiewicz H, Riedel-Heller SG. General practitioners' perspectives on lifestyle interventions for cognitive preservation in dementia prevention. BMC PRIMARY CARE 2024; 25:301. [PMID: 39143540 PMCID: PMC11323454 DOI: 10.1186/s12875-024-02566-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND General practitioners (GPs) play a crucial role in identifying cognitive impairment and dementia and providing post-diagnostic care. This study investigates (1) how promising GP consider lifestyle changes to maintain cognitive performance in general, (2) GP beliefs about the power of modifiable health and lifestyle factors to maintain cognitive performance, and (3) whether those beliefs vary by GP age. METHODS As part of the AgeWell.de trial, GPs (n = 72) completed a process evaluation questionnaire assessing their perspectives on lifestyle changes to preserve cognitive performance in elderly patients. In greater detail, their perceived efficacy of established risk and protective factors was investigated using a 5-point Likert scale. Descriptive statistical analyses were performed for research question (1) and (2). Spearman´s rank correlations and ordinal logistic regressions were used to answer research question (3). All results were interpreted exploratively. RESULTS GPs rated the overall chance of lifestyle changes maintaining cognitive performance quite neutral with a median score of 3.0 (IQR = 2.0). They rated the efficacy of all the modifiable health and lifestyle factors high, with increase in physical and social activity ((Mdn = 5.0, IQR = 1.0) receiving the highest ratings with the narrowest range. Spearman's rank correlation indicated a significant positive relationship between age and the belief in "Optimization of nutrition" for preventing cognitive decline and dementia (ρ = .255, p = .041). However, ordinal logistic regressions showed no significant relationships between age and GP ratings of lifestyle change efficacy. CONCLUSION These findings highlight the positive perception of GPs on the efficacy of modifiable health and lifestyle factors for preventing cognitive decline and dementia. TRIAL REGISTRATION The AgeWell.de trial is registered in the German Clinical Trials Register (DRKS; trial identifier: DRKS00013555, Registration Date 07 December 2017).
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Affiliation(s)
- Josefine Kappe
- Institute of Social Medicine, Occupational Health and Public Health (ISAP), University of Leipzig, Phillip-Rosenthal-Str. 55, Leipzig, 04103, Germany.
| | - Felix Wittmann
- Institute of Social Medicine, Occupational Health and Public Health (ISAP), University of Leipzig, Phillip-Rosenthal-Str. 55, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
| | - Melanie Luppa
- Institute of Social Medicine, Occupational Health and Public Health (ISAP), University of Leipzig, Phillip-Rosenthal-Str. 55, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
| | - Maria Isabel Cardona
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald (UMG), Greifswald, Germany
| | - Solveign Weise
- Institute of General Practice and Family Medicine, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Saale, Germany
| | - Stephan Fuchs
- Institute of General Practice and Family Medicine, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Saale, Germany
| | - Robert Philipp Kosilek
- Institute of General Practice and Family Medicine, University Hospital of LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Linda Sanftenberg
- Institute of General Practice and Family Medicine, University Hospital of LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Brettschneider
- Department of Health Economics and Health Service Research, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Juliane Döhring
- Institute of General Practice, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | | | - David Czock
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacoepidemiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, 69120, Germany
| | - Birgitt Wiese
- Institute for General Practice, Work Group Medical Statistics and IT-Infrastructure, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jochen René Thyrian
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald (UMG), Greifswald, Germany
- German Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), site Rostock/ Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- Faculty V: School of Life Sciences, University of Siegen, Siegen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Hoffmann
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald (UMG), Greifswald, Germany
- German Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), site Rostock/ Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Thomas Frese
- Institute of General Practice and Family Medicine, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Saale, Germany
| | - Jochen Gensichen
- Institute of General Practice and Family Medicine, University Hospital of LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Hans-Helmut König
- Department of Health Economics and Health Service Research, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Steffi Gerlinde Riedel-Heller
- Institute of Social Medicine, Occupational Health and Public Health (ISAP), University of Leipzig, Phillip-Rosenthal-Str. 55, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
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Kivipelto M, Mangialasche F, Anstey KJ. Pivotal points in the science of dementia risk reduction. Lancet 2024; 404:501-503. [PMID: 39096928 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(24)01546-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/05/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Miia Kivipelto
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences, and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Solna 17164, Sweden; Theme Inflammation and Aging, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK; Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Francesca Mangialasche
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences, and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Solna 17164, Sweden; Theme Inflammation and Aging, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kaarin J Anstey
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, Australia; UNSW Ageing Future Institute, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, Australia; Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, NSW, Australia
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Dunn A, Olamijuwon EO, McGrath N. In sickness and health? Examining the co-occurrence and concordance of healthy lifestyle behaviours among spouses in Namibia. Public Health 2024; 235:111-118. [PMID: 39094323 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2024.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study examines the extent to which healthy lifestyle behaviours co-occur in individuals. We also explore within-couples concordance in healthy lifestyle behaviours in Namibia. STUDY DESIGN Cross-sectional study. METHODS We used data from 910 couples (1820 individuals) who were interviewed in the Namibia Demographic and Health Survey conducted in 2013. We assessed five different healthy lifestyle behaviours (alcohol non-consumption, non-cigarette smoking, healthy diet, physical exercise, and normal body mass index). An individual healthy lifestyle index (HLI) was derived by summing values across the five behaviours, with a binary indicator categorising each individual's lifestyle behaviour as 'healthy' (HLI ≥ 3) or 'unhealthy' (HLI < 3). Multivariate logistic regression models were fitted to explore the association between binary indicators of men's and their female partner's healthy lifestyles. RESULTS About 48% of men and 57% of women had at least three co-occurring healthy lifestyle behaviours. A third of couples were concordant in reporting a healthy lifestyle (HLI ≥ 3), while 27% were concordant in reporting an unhealthy lifestyle (HLI < 3). In multivariate analysis, Namibian men were almost twice (aOR, 1.90; 95%CI, 1.43-2.52) as likely to have a healthy lifestyle if their female partner also had a healthy lifestyle, compared with those who had a female partner who had an unhealthy lifestyle, after adjusting for relevant individual, partner and household characteristics. CONCLUSION The observed co-occurrence of healthy lifestyle behaviours and spousal concordance suggests it may be beneficial to consider couples a target for intervention when aiming to promote healthy behaviours and reduce cardiovascular diseases in Namibia.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Dunn
- School of Primary Care, Population Sciences and Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom; Public Health Registrar, Wessex Deanery, United Kingdom
| | - E O Olamijuwon
- School of Primary Care, Population Sciences and Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom; School of Geography and Sustainable Development, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, United Kingdom.
| | - N McGrath
- School of Primary Care, Population Sciences and Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom; Department of Social Statistics and Demography, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom; Africa Health Research Institute, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
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Leven C, Delavenne X, Roche C, Bressollette L, Couturaud F, Lacut K, Thereaux J. Full-dose rivaroxaban in patients with a history of bariatric surgery: bridging the knowledge gap through a phase 1 study. J Thromb Haemost 2024:S1538-7836(24)00388-X. [PMID: 39002729 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtha.2024.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bariatric surgery (BS) induces significant changes in gastrointestinal anatomy, potentially influencing the pharmacokinetics of orally administered drugs such as rivaroxaban. OBJECTIVES This phase 1 study aimed to assess the pharmacokinetics and safety of full-dose rivaroxaban in post-BS patients. METHODS The ABSORB (Rivaroxaban Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics After Bariatric Surgery and in Morbid Obesity) study was a single-center, nonrandomized, multiple-dose, parallel-design bioequivalence trial. Adult patients with stable weight after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) or sleeve gastrectomy (SG) were compared with subjects with class III obesity and healthy controls. Participants received 20 mg of rivaroxaban daily for 8 days. RESULTS Post-BS patients exhibited altered rivaroxaban pharmacokinetics, suggesting reduced absorption. Mean area under the concentration-time curve from time 0 to 24 hours after the first dose (RYGB, 1806.8 ng.h/mL; SG, 1648.9 ng.h/mL) was lower compared with that in controls (1893.5 ng.h/mL). At steady state, the area under the concentration-time curve values remained lower in BS groups (RYGB, 2129.9 ng.h/mL; SG, 1946.4 ng.h/mL) than in controls (2224.8 ng.h/mL). The maximum concentration after the first dose was lower in post-RYGB subjects (214.9 ng/mL) than in controls (264.1 ng/mL). This difference was less pronounced at steady state (RYGB, 256.9 ng/mL vs controls, 288.8 ng/mL). Neither BS group met bioequivalence criteria compared with controls, whereas the group with class III obesity met bioequivalence criteria compared with controls at steady state. CONCLUSION Rivaroxaban displayed minor pharmacokinetic variations in post-BS patients. Given reported interindividual variability in the general population, these variations are unlikely to be of clinical significance. Our findings support rivaroxaban use in BS patients, emphasizing the need for further research in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyril Leven
- Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1304 (Groupe d'étude de la thrombose de Bretagne occidentale), University of Brest, Brest, France; Department of Biochemistry and Pharmaco-Toxicology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Brest, Brest, France.
| | - Xavier Delavenne
- Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1059 (Santé ingénierie biologie Saint-Etienne), Université Jean Monnet Saint-Étienne, Mines Saint-Étienne, Saint-Étienne, France
| | - Charles Roche
- Department of General, Digestive and Metabolic Surgery, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Brest, Brest, France
| | - Luc Bressollette
- Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1304 (Groupe d'étude de la thrombose de Bretagne occidentale), University of Brest, Brest, France; Department of Internal Medicine, Vascular Medicine and Pneumology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Brest, Brest, France
| | - Francis Couturaud
- Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1304 (Groupe d'étude de la thrombose de Bretagne occidentale), University of Brest, Brest, France; Department of Internal Medicine, Vascular Medicine and Pneumology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Brest, Brest, France
| | - Karine Lacut
- Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1304 (Groupe d'étude de la thrombose de Bretagne occidentale), University of Brest, Brest, France; Department of Internal Medicine, Vascular Medicine and Pneumology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Brest, Brest, France
| | - Jérémie Thereaux
- Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1304 (Groupe d'étude de la thrombose de Bretagne occidentale), University of Brest, Brest, France; Department of General, Digestive and Metabolic Surgery, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Brest, Brest, France
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Totland TH, Øvrebø B, Brantsæter AL, Holvik K, Bere ET, Torheim LE, Abel MH. Development and evaluation of an index assessing adherence to the Norwegian food-based dietary guidelines: the Norwegian Dietary Guideline Index (NDGI). BMC Nutr 2024; 10:94. [PMID: 38956729 PMCID: PMC11218056 DOI: 10.1186/s40795-024-00900-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Monitoring adherence to the Norwegian food-based dietary guidelines (FBDGs) could provide valuable insight into current and future diet-related health risks. This study aimed to develop and evaluate an index measuring adherence to the Norwegian FBDGs to be used as a compact tool in nutrition surveillance suitable for inclusion in large public health surveys. METHODS The Norwegian Dietary Guideline Index (NDGI) was designed to reflect adherence to the Norwegian FBDGs on a scale from 0-100, with a higher score indicating better adherence. Dietary intakes were assessed through 19 questions, reflecting 15 dietary components covered by the Norwegian FBDGs. The NDGI was applied and evaluated using nationally representative dietary data from the cross-sectional web-based Norwegian Public Health Survey which included 8,558 adults. RESULTS: The population-weighted NDGI score followed a nearly normal distribution with a mean of 65 (SD 11) and range 21-99. Mean scores varied with background factors known to be associated with adherence to a healthy diet; women scored higher than men (67 vs. 64) and the score increased with age, with higher educational attainment (high 69 vs. low 64) and with better self-perceived household economy (good 67 vs. restricted 62). The NDGI captured a variety of dietary patterns that contributed to a healthy diet consistent with the FBDGs. CONCLUSION The NDGI serve as a compact tool to assess and monitor adherence to the Norwegian FBDGs, to identify target groups for interventions, and to inform priorities in public health policies. The tool is flexible to adjustments and may be adaptable to use in other countries or settings with similar dietary guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- T H Totland
- Department of Physical Health and Ageing, Division of Mental and Physical Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Sustainable Diets, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - B Øvrebø
- Centre for Sustainable Diets, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Food Safety, Division of Climate and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - A L Brantsæter
- Centre for Sustainable Diets, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Food Safety, Division of Climate and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - K Holvik
- Department of Physical Health and Ageing, Division of Mental and Physical Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - E T Bere
- Department of Physical Health and Ageing, Division of Mental and Physical Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Evaluation of Public Health Measures, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - L E Torheim
- Department of Physical Health and Ageing, Division of Mental and Physical Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Sustainable Diets, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - M H Abel
- Department of Physical Health and Ageing, Division of Mental and Physical Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway.
- Centre for Sustainable Diets, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway.
- Centre for Evaluation of Public Health Measures, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway.
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Ho HT, Jia R, Habibi N, Stern C, Carter G, Santin O, Stone J, Valenzuela C, Aromataris E. Experiences of informal caregivers of people with dementia in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review protocol. JBI Evid Synth 2024; 22:1362-1370. [PMID: 38477072 DOI: 10.11124/jbies-23-00470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This review aims to synthesize the experiences of informal caregivers of people with dementia in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). INTRODUCTION Globally, the burden of dementia is increasing disproportionately in LMICs. Informal caregivers play a vital role and face multiple challenges in LMICs, even though they also often lack the awareness and skills to provide adequate care for people living with dementia. Many LMICs have limited resources and caregivers lack support services. Understanding their experiences and perceptions may improve interventions, helping caregivers to better support those living with dementia. INCLUSION CRITERIA Studies from all settings in LMICs will be considered. Qualitative data from qualitative or mixed methods studies that explore caregivers' experiences and perceptions will be included in this review. Participants are informal caregivers of people diagnosed with dementia at any stage, regardless of age, gender, or their relationship with people living with dementia. METHODS This review will follow the JBI methodology for a qualitative systematic reviews, with meta-aggregation as the synthesis method. The review will be reported in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. A 3-step search strategy will be used to locate published and unpublished studies in MEDLINE, CINAHL, Embase, PsycINFO, AgeLine, LILACS, African Index Medicus, ProQuest Dissertations and Theses, Open Dissertations, Web of Science Core Collection, and Google Scholar. There will be no date or language limitations. All studies will be screened against the inclusion criteria and data will be extracted and critically appraised for methodological quality by 2 independent reviewers using JBI tools. Confidence in the final synthesized findings will be assessed using the ConQual approach. REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO CRD42023453814.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hien Thi Ho
- JBI, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Romy Jia
- JBI, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Nahal Habibi
- JBI, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Cindy Stern
- JBI, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Gillian Carter
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Olinda Santin
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Jennifer Stone
- JBI, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Chelsea Valenzuela
- JBI, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Edoardo Aromataris
- JBI, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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Stapelfeldt PM, Müller SAM, Kerkemeyer L. Assessing the accessibility and quality of mobile health applications for the treatment of obesity in the German healthcare market. FRONTIERS IN HEALTH SERVICES 2024; 4:1393714. [PMID: 38919827 PMCID: PMC11196842 DOI: 10.3389/frhs.2024.1393714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Overweight and obesity are among the most prevalent health problems worldwide leading to various diseases and having a significant impact on the healthcare system. In Germany, the prevalence of obesity among adults is 19%. Mobile health applications offer a new approach to treatment and prevention and have been proven effective in previous studies. However, it is essential to investigate the availability and quality of these digital applications. The aim of this systematic assessment is to evaluate the accessibility and quality of digital health applications in German language designed to treat obesity. Methods In January 2024, a systematic search for mobile health applications was conducted on both the Google Play Store and Apple App Store. Just those apps available in German for both iOS and Android were considered acceptable. The German Mobile Application Rating Scale (MARS-G) was used to assess the quality of the apps. The content of mobile health applications was evaluated using the guideline from the German Obesity Society for the treatment of obesity. The characteristics of the apps were summarized and presented, and the results were analyzed using descriptive statistics and presented in tables. Results After screening, ten apps were included in the review. The apps varied in terms of calorie tracking, individual workout plans, educational aspects, nutritional plans, and exercises for behavioral change. On average, 6.4 out of 12 items of the German Obesity guideline recommendations were fulfilled. The MARS score (possible range from 1-5) reached a mean of 3.39 (SD = 0.39). The section "Engagement" had the lowest quality score with a mean of 3.14 (SD = 0.57), while the section "Aesthetics" achieved the highest mean of 3.57 (SD = 0.52). Discussion Most German mobile health applications for managing obesity meet some guideline recommendations. They demonstrate adequate to good quality according to the MARS score. Assessing the quality of mobile health applications can be challenging for patients, despite being easily accessible and low-threshold. However, such digital health applications, reimbursed by the German SHI, offer evidence-based information, even if access can be associated with higher hurdles.
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Khan MAS, Dalal K, Hasan M, Haque MMA, Nusrat-E-Mozid, Hossian M, Rahman T, Maliha R, Mutsuddi A, Rashid MU, Hossain MA, Nabi MH, Hawlader MDH. The impact of comorbidity on the quality of life of people who recovered from COVID-19 in Bangladesh. IJID REGIONS 2024; 11:100351. [PMID: 38634072 PMCID: PMC11021361 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijregi.2024.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Objectives COVID-19 affects the quality of life (QoL) in a reverse way after recovery, which might be multiplied by the comorbid non-communicable diseases. This study explored the relationship between comorbidities and the QoL of people who recovered from COVID-19 in Bangladesh. Methods The cross-sectional study was conducted among 3244 participants between June 2020 and November 2020 using a pre-tested questionnaire through over-the-phone interviews. The WHOQOL-BREF was used to explore the QoL among the study participants. A multivariable linear regression model was conducted to identify the effects of the number of comorbidities on QoL scores of all four domains. Results Of 3244 patients who recovered from COVID-19, over one-third (39.4%) had one or more chronic diseases, such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus, ischemic heart disease, bronchial asthma/chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, chronic kidney disease, and cancer. Around 46.85% of the participants aged above 40 years presented with one to two chronic diseases, and 16.33% had three or more chronic diseases. Among all comorbidities, the participants with cancer and chronic kidney disease were found to have relatively lower scores in all four domains than other comorbidities. The lowest QoL scores were observed in the psychological domain. Those with three or more simultaneous chronic comorbidities had the lowest QoL score in all four domains: physical, psychological, social relationship, and environmental. Conclusions Persons who recovered from COVID-19 with comorbidities undergo a lower QoL. Therefore, special attention is required to these vulnerable groups to ensure their smooth recuperation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Koustuv Dalal
- School of Health Sciences, Division of Public Health Science, Mid Sweden University, Östersund, Sweden
| | - Mehedi Hasan
- Department of Public Health, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Public Health Promotion and Development Society (PPDS), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Miah Md. Akiful Haque
- Department of Public Health, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Nusrat-E-Mozid
- Department of Public Health, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Mosharop Hossian
- Department of Public Health, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Public Health Promotion and Development Society (PPDS), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Tajrin Rahman
- Department of Public Health, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Public Health Promotion and Development Society (PPDS), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Ramisha Maliha
- Department of Public Health, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Public Health Promotion and Development Society (PPDS), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Archi Mutsuddi
- Department of Public Health, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Public Health Promotion and Development Society (PPDS), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Utba Rashid
- Department of Public Health, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Mohammad Ali Hossain
- Department of Public Health, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Ibn Sina Medical College Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Morales-Cahuancama B, Verdezoto N, Gonzales-Achuy E, Quispe-Gala C, Bautista-Olortegui W, Hinojosa-Mamani P, Aparco JP. Exploring Children's Knowledge of Healthy Eating, Digital Media Use, and Caregivers' Perspectives to Inform Design and Contextual Considerations for Game-Based Interventions in Schools for Low-Income Families in Lima, Peru: Survey Study. JMIR Form Res 2024; 8:e49168. [PMID: 38743472 PMCID: PMC11134240 DOI: 10.2196/49168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of overweight and obesity in schoolchildren is increasing in Peru. Given the increased use of digital media, there is potential to develop effective digital health interventions to promote healthy eating practices at schools. This study investigates the needs of schoolchildren in relation to healthy eating and the potential role of digital media to inform the design of game-based nutritional interventions. OBJECTIVE This study aims to explore schoolchildren's knowledge about healthy eating and use of and preferences for digital media to inform the future development of a serious game to promote healthy eating. METHODS A survey was conducted in 17 schools in metropolitan Lima, Peru. The information was collected virtually with specific questions for the schoolchild and their caregiver during October 2021 and November 2021 and following the COVID-19 public health restrictions. Questions on nutritional knowledge and preferences for and use of digital media were included. In the descriptive analysis, the percentages of the variables of interest were calculated. RESULTS We received 3937 validated responses from caregivers and schoolchildren. The schoolchildren were aged between 8 years and 15 years (2030/3937, 55.8% girls). Of the caregivers, 83% (3267/3937) were mothers, and 56.5% (2223/3937) had a secondary education. Only 5.2% (203/3937) of schoolchildren's homes did not have internet access; such access was through WiFi (2151/3937, 54.6%) and mobile internet (1314/3937, 33.4%). In addition, 95.3% (3753/3937) of schoolchildren's homes had a mobile phone; 31.3% (1233/3937) had computers. In relation to children's knowledge on healthy eating, 42.2% (1663/3937) of schoolchildren did not know the recommendation to consume at least 5 servings of fruits and vegetables daily, 46.7% (1837/3937) of schoolchildren did not identify front-of-package warning labels (FOPWLs), and 63.9% (2514/3937) did not relate the presence of an FOPWL with dietary risk. Most schoolchildren (3100/3937, 78.7%) preferred to use a mobile phone. Only 38.3% (1509/3937) indicated they preferred a computer. In addition, 47.9% (1885/3937) of caregivers considered that the internet helps in the education of schoolchildren, 82.7% (3254/3937) of caregivers gave permission for schoolchildren to play games with digital devices, and 38% (1495/3937) of caregivers considered that traditional digital games for children are inadequate. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that knowledge about nutrition in Peruvian schoolchildren has limitations. Most schoolchildren have access to the internet, with mobile phones being the device type with the greatest availability and preference for use. Caregivers' perspectives on games and schoolchildren, including a greater interest in using digital games, provide opportunities for the design and development of serious games to improve schoolchildren's nutritional knowledge in Peru. Future research is needed to explore the potential of serious games that are tailored to the needs and preferences of both schoolchildren and their caregivers in Peru in order to promote healthy eating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bladimir Morales-Cahuancama
- Centro Nacional de Alimentación, Nutrición y Vida Saludable, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Lima, Peru
- Programa Académico de Nutrición y Dietética, Facultad de ciencias de la salud, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas, Lima, Peru
| | - Nervo Verdezoto
- School of Computer Science and Informatics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Elena Gonzales-Achuy
- Centro Nacional de Alimentación, Nutrición y Vida Saludable, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Lima, Peru
| | - Cinthia Quispe-Gala
- Centro Nacional de Alimentación, Nutrición y Vida Saludable, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Lima, Peru
| | | | - Paul Hinojosa-Mamani
- Centro Nacional de Alimentación, Nutrición y Vida Saludable, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Lima, Peru
| | - Juan Pablo Aparco
- Centro Nacional de Alimentación, Nutrición y Vida Saludable, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Lima, Peru
- Escuela Profesional de Nutrición, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru
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Grellier J, White MP, de Bell S, Brousse O, Elliott LR, Fleming LE, Heaviside C, Simpson C, Taylor T, Wheeler BW, Lovell R. Valuing the health benefits of nature-based recreational physical activity in England. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2024; 187:108667. [PMID: 38642505 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2024.108667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
Physical activity (PA) reduces the risk of several non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Natural environments support recreational PA. Using data including a representative cross-sectional survey of the English population, we estimated the annual value of nature-based PA conducted in England in 2019 in terms of avoided healthcare and societal costs of disease. Population-representative data from the Monitor of Engagement with the Natural Environment (MENE) survey (n = 47,580; representing 44,386,756) were used to estimate the weekly volume of nature-based recreational PA by adults in England in 2019. We used epidemiological dose-response data to calculate incident cases of six NCDs (ischaemic heart disease (IHD), ischaemic stroke (IS), type 2 diabetes (T2D), colon cancer (CC), breast cancer (BC) and major depressive disorder (MDD)) prevented through nature-based PA, and estimated associated savings using published costs of healthcare, informal care and productivity losses. We investigated additional savings resulting from hypothetical increases in: (a) visitor PA and (b) visitor numbers. In 2019, 22million adults > 16 years of age in England visited natural environments at least weekly. At reported volumes of nature-based PA, we estimated that 550 cases of IHD, 168 cases of IS, 1,410 cases of T2D, 41 cases of CC, 37 cases of BC and 10,552 cases of MDD were prevented, creating annual savings of £108.7million (95 % uncertainty interval: £70.3million; £150.3million). Nature-based recreational PA in England results in reduced burden of disease and considerable annual savings through prevention of priority NCDs. Strategies that increase nature-based PA could lead to further reductions in the societal burden of NCDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Grellier
- European Centre for Environment & Human Health, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall, UK; Institute of Psychology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland.
| | - Mathew P White
- European Centre for Environment & Human Health, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall, UK; Vienna Cognitive Science Hub, University of Vienna, Kolingasse 14-16, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Siân de Bell
- European Centre for Environment & Human Health, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall, UK; Exeter HS&DR Evidence Synthesis Centre, University of Exeter, Exeter, Devon, UK
| | - Oscar Brousse
- The Bartlett School of Environment, Energy and Resources, Faculty of the Built Environment, University College London, London, UK
| | - Lewis R Elliott
- European Centre for Environment & Human Health, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall, UK
| | - Lora E Fleming
- European Centre for Environment & Human Health, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall, UK
| | - Clare Heaviside
- The Bartlett School of Environment, Energy and Resources, Faculty of the Built Environment, University College London, London, UK
| | - Charles Simpson
- The Bartlett School of Environment, Energy and Resources, Faculty of the Built Environment, University College London, London, UK
| | - Tim Taylor
- European Centre for Environment & Human Health, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall, UK
| | - Benedict W Wheeler
- European Centre for Environment & Human Health, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall, UK
| | - Rebecca Lovell
- European Centre for Environment & Human Health, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall, UK
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Hetland RA, Wilsgaard T, Hopstock LA, Ariansen I, Johansson J, Jacobsen BK, Grimsgaard S. Social inequality in prevalence of NCD risk factors: a cross-sectional analysis from the population-based Tromsø Study 2015-2016. BMJ Open 2024; 14:e080611. [PMID: 38688673 PMCID: PMC11086291 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-080611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to examine associations between educational level, serving as an indicator of socioeconomic position, and prevalence of WHO-established leading behavioural and biological risk factors for non-communicable diseases (NCDs), in middle-aged to older women and men. DESIGN Population-based cross-sectional study. SETTING All inhabitants of the municipality of Tromsø, Norway, aged ≥40 years, were invited to the seventh survey (2015-2016) of the Tromsø Study; an ongoing population-based cohort study. PARTICIPANTS Of the 32 591 invited; 65% attended, and a total of 21 069 women (53%) and men aged 40-99 years were included in our study. OUTCOME MEASURES We assessed associations between educational level and NCD behavioural and biological risk factors: daily smoking, physical inactivity (sedentary in leisure time), insufficient fruit/vegetable intake (<5 units/day), harmful alcohol use (>10 g/day in women, >20 g/day in men), hypertension, obesity, intermediate hyperglycaemia and hypercholesterolaemia. These were expressed as odds ratios (OR) per unit decrease in educational level, with 95% CIs, in women and men. RESULTS In women (results were not significantly different in men), we observed statistically significant associations between lower educational levels and higher odds of daily smoking (OR 1.69; 95% CI 1.60 to 1.78), physical inactivity (OR 1.38; 95% CI 1.31 to 1.46), insufficient fruit/vegetable intake (OR 1.54, 95% CI 1.43 to 1.66), hypertension (OR 1.25; 95% CI 1.20 to 1.30), obesity (OR 1.23; 95% CI 1.18 to 1.29), intermediate hyperglycaemia (OR 1.12; 95% CI 1.06 to 1.19), and hypercholesterolaemia (OR 1.07; 95% CI 1.03 to 1.12), and lower odds of harmful alcohol use (OR 0.75; 95% CI 0.72 to 0.78). CONCLUSION We found statistically significant educational gradients in women and men for all WHO-established leading NCD risk factors within a Nordic middle-aged to older general population. The prevalence of all risk factors increased at lower educational levels, except for harmful alcohol use, which increased at higher educational levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca A Hetland
- Department of Community Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Tom Wilsgaard
- Department of Community Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | | | - Inger Ariansen
- Department of Chronic Diseases, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jonas Johansson
- Department of Community Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Bjarne K Jacobsen
- Department of Community Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Centre for Sami Health Research, Department of Community Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Sameline Grimsgaard
- Department of Community Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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12
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Andrees V, Bei der Kellen R, Augustin M, Gallinat J, Harth V, Hoven H, Kühn S, Lautenbach A, Magnussen C, Mohr N, Twerenbold R, Schäfer I, Waschki B, Zyriax BC, Augustin J. Spatial characteristics of non-communicable diseases and their associations to social conditions in a large urban cohort in Germany-Results from the Hamburg City Health Study. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0301475. [PMID: 38593150 PMCID: PMC11003678 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0301475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are responsible for many deaths. They are associated with several modifiable and metabolic risk factors and are therefore prone to significant regional variations on different scales. However, only few intra-urban studies examined spatial variation in NCDs and its association with social circumstances, especially in Germany. Thus, the present study aimed to identify associations of personal risk factors and local social conditions with NCDs in a large German city. METHODS This study is based on a population-based cohort of the Hamburg City Health Study including 10,000 probands. Six NCDs were analyzed (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [COPD], coronary heart disease [CHD], diabetes mellitus, heart failure, depression, and hypertension) in 68 city district clusters. As risk factors, we considered socio-demographic variables (age, sex, education) and risk behaviour variables (smoking, alcohol consumption). Logistic regression analyses identified associations between the district clusters and the prevalence rates for each NCD. Regional variation was detected by Gini coefficients and spatial cluster analyses. Local social condition indexes were correlated with prevalence rates of NCDs on city district level and hot-spot analyses were performed for significant high or low values. RESULTS The analyses included 7,308 participants with a mean age of 63.1 years (51.5% female). The prevalence of hypertension (67.6%) was the highest. Risk factor associations were identified between smoking, alcohol consumption and education and the prevalence of NCDs (hypertension, diabetes, and COPD). Significant regional variations were detected and persisted after adjusting for personal risk factors. Correlations for prevalence rates with the local social conditions were significant for hypertension (r = 0.294, p < 0.02), diabetes (r = 0.259, p = 0.03), and COPD (r = 0.360, p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS The study shows that regional differences in NCD prevalence persist even after adjusting for personal risk factors. This highlights the central role of both personal socio-economic status and behaviors such as alcohol and tobacco consumption. It also highlights the importance of other potential regional factors (e.g. the environment) in shaping NCD prevalence. This knowledge helps policy- and decision-makers to develop intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie Andrees
- Institute for Health Service Research in Dermatology and Nursing (IVDP), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ramona Bei der Kellen
- Epidemiological Study Center, Hamburg City Health Study, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Augustin
- Institute for Health Service Research in Dermatology and Nursing (IVDP), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Gallinat
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Volker Harth
- Institute for Occupational and Maritime Medicine (ZfAM), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hanno Hoven
- Institute for Occupational and Maritime Medicine (ZfAM), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Simone Kühn
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
- Lise Meitner Group for Environmental Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anne Lautenbach
- Department Endocrinology, Diabetology, Obesity and Lipids, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christina Magnussen
- University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
- Center for Population Health Innovation (POINT), University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Hamburg, Kiel, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Nicole Mohr
- Institute for Health Service Research in Dermatology and Nursing (IVDP), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Raphael Twerenbold
- Epidemiological Study Center, Hamburg City Health Study, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ines Schäfer
- Epidemiological Study Center, Hamburg City Health Study, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Benjamin Waschki
- Department of Pneumology, Hospital Itzehoe, Itzehoe, Germany
- Airway Research Center North (ARCN), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), LungenClinic Grosshansdorf, Großhansdorf, Germany
| | - Birgit-Christiane Zyriax
- Midwifery Science – Health Service Research and Prevention, Institute for Health Services Research in Dermatology and Nursing (IVDP), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jobst Augustin
- Institute for Health Service Research in Dermatology and Nursing (IVDP), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
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13
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Moe ÅM, Ytterstad E, Hopstock LA, Løvsletten O, Carlsen MH, Sørbye SH. Associations and predictive power of dietary patterns on metabolic syndrome and its components. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2024; 34:681-690. [PMID: 38161114 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2023.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Metabolic syndrome (MetS) defines important risk factors in the development of cardiovascular diseases and other serious health conditions. This study aims to investigate the influence of different dietary patterns on MetS and its components, examining both associations and predictive performance. METHODS AND RESULTS The study sample included 10,750 participants from the seventh survey of the cross-sectional, population-based Tromsø Study in Norway. Diet intake scores were used as covariates in logistic regression models, controlling for age, educational level and other lifestyle variables, with MetS and its components as response variables. A diet high in meat and sweets was positively associated with increased odds of MetS and elevated waist circumference, while a plant-based diet was associated with decreased odds of hypertension in women and elevated levels of triglycerides in men. The predictive power of dietary patterns derived by different dimensionality reduction techniques was investigated by randomly partitioning the study sample into training and test sets. On average, the diet score variables demonstrated the highest predictive power in predicting MetS and elevated waist circumference. The predictive power was robust to the dimensionality reduction technique used and comparable to using a data-driven prediction method on individual food variables. CONCLUSIONS The strongest associations and highest predictive power of dietary patterns were observed for MetS and its single component, elevated waist circumference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Åse Mari Moe
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Elinor Ytterstad
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.
| | - Laila A Hopstock
- Department of Health and Care Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Ola Løvsletten
- Department of Community Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Monica H Carlsen
- Division of Nutritional Epidemiology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sigrunn H Sørbye
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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14
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Wang RR, Chen JL, Duan SJ, Lu YX, Chen P, Zhou YC, Yao SK. Noninvasive Diagnostic Technique for Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Based on Features of Tongue Images. Chin J Integr Med 2024; 30:203-212. [PMID: 38051474 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-023-3616-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate a new noninvasive diagnostic model for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) based on features of tongue images. METHODS Healthy controls and volunteers confirmed to have NAFLD by liver ultrasound were recruited from China-Japan Friendship Hospital between September 2018 and May 2019, then the anthropometric indexes and sampled tongue images were measured. The tongue images were labeled by features, based on a brief protocol, without knowing any other clinical data, after a series of corrections and data cleaning. The algorithm was trained on images using labels and several anthropometric indexes for inputs, utilizing machine learning technology. Finally, a logistic regression algorithm and a decision tree model were constructed as 2 diagnostic models for NAFLD. RESULTS A total of 720 subjects were enrolled in this study, including 432 patients with NAFLD and 288 healthy volunteers. Of them, 482 were randomly allocated into the training set and 238 into the validation set. The diagnostic model based on logistic regression exhibited excellent performance: in validation set, it achieved an accuracy of 86.98%, sensitivity of 91.43%, and specificity of 80.61%; with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.93 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.68-0.98]. The decision tree model achieved an accuracy of 81.09%, sensitivity of 91.43%, and specificity of 66.33%; with an AUC of 0.89 (95% CI 0.66-0.92) in validation set. CONCLUSIONS The features of tongue images were associated with NAFLD. Both the 2 diagnostic models, which would be convenient, noninvasive, lightweight, rapid, and inexpensive technical references for early screening, can accurately distinguish NAFLD and are worth further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong-Rui Wang
- Graduate School of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Jia-Liang Chen
- Center of Integrative Medicine, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100015, China
| | - Shao-Jie Duan
- Graduate School of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Ying-Xi Lu
- Nanjing Linkwah Micro-electronics Institute, Beijing, 100191, China
- Institute of Microelectronics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Ping Chen
- Institute of Microelectronics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yuan-Chen Zhou
- Peking University China-Japan Friendship School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Shu-Kun Yao
- Graduate School of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
- Department of Gastroenterology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, China.
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15
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Merzah M, Natae S, Sándor J, Fiatal S. Single Nucleotide Variants (SNVs) of the Mesocorticolimbic System Associated with Cardiovascular Diseases and Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:109. [PMID: 38254998 PMCID: PMC10815084 DOI: 10.3390/genes15010109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The mesocorticolimbic (MCL) system is crucial in developing risky health behaviors which lead to cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Although there is some knowledge of the MCL system genes linked to CVDs and T2D, a comprehensive list is lacking, underscoring the significance of this review. This systematic review followed PRISMA guidelines and the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. The PubMed and Web of Science databases were searched intensively for articles related to the MCL system, single nucleotide variants (SNVs, formerly single nucleotide polymorphisms, SNPs), CVDs, T2D, and associated risk factors. Included studies had to involve a genotype with at least one MCL system gene (with an identified SNV) for all participants and the analysis of its link to CVDs, T2D, or associated risk factors. The quality assessment of the included studies was performed using the Q-Genie tool. The VEP and DAVID tools were used to annotate and interpret genetic variants and identify enriched pathways and gene ontology terms associated with the gene list. The review identified 77 articles that met the inclusion criteria. These articles provided information on 174 SNVs related to the MCL system that were linked to CVDs, T2D, or associated risk factors. The COMT gene was found to be significantly related to hypertension, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, obesity, and drug abuse, with rs4680 being the most commonly reported variant. This systematic review found a strong association between the MCL system and the risk of developing CVDs and T2D, suggesting that identifying genetic variations related to this system could help with disease prevention and treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Merzah
- Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (M.M.)
- Doctoral School of Health Sciences, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Shewaye Natae
- Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (M.M.)
- Doctoral School of Health Sciences, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - János Sándor
- Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (M.M.)
- ELKH-DE Public Health Research Group, Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Szilvia Fiatal
- Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (M.M.)
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16
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Wierda JJ, de Vet E, Troost E, Poelman MP. Characterizing food environments of hospitals and long-term care facilities in the Netherlands: a mixed methods approach. BMC Health Serv Res 2024; 24:31. [PMID: 38178121 PMCID: PMC10768251 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-023-10399-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hospitals and long-term care facilities, which are key institutions to serve health and well-being, have an important exemplary role in providing supportive food environments to encourage healthy and sustainable food choices. The objective of this study is to characterize the physical, socio-cultural, political and economic dimensions of the food environment for health care receivers, health workforce and visitors in healthcare settings, and make comparisons between the food environment of hospitals and long-term care facilities. METHODS To characterize the food environment in healthcare settings, two sub-studies were conducted. In sub-study 1, semi-structured interviews were held with staff members (n = 46) representing 11 hospitals and 26 long-term care facilities (rehabilitation centres, nursing homes, institutions for people with intellectual disabilities and mental healthcare institutions). In sub-study 2, staff members audited the food environment in hospitals (n = 28) and long-term care facilities (n = 36) using a predefined checklist. RESULTS The food environment in Dutch healthcare settings varies substantially between locations although noticeable differences between hospitals and long-term care facilities were identified. Hospitals and larger long-term care facilities featured more often restaurants and utilized central spaces for preparation of meals, while smaller long-term care facilities often operated as household-like settings. Type of healthcare shaped the socio-cultural food environment, with hospitals primarily emphasizing nutrition for fast recovery, while long-term care facilities more often as an instrument (i.e., to structure the day). Participants highlighted the importance of food policies and broad organizational support for realizing and regulating improvement of the food environment. Yet, long-term care facilities were less familiar with national guidelines for food environments compared to hospitals. Several economical aspects, like profit motives, strict budgets and contracts with external parties affected and shaped the food available within all healthcare settings. CONCLUSIONS This study characterized the food environment in Dutch healthcare settings. Disclosed differences between hospitals and long-term care facilities should be incorporated in strategies for a transition of the food environment. Future research should investigate the underlying mechanisms of the healthcare food environment attaining all healthcare stakeholders - health care receivers, staff and visitors - while prioritizing sustainability alongside healthiness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joline J Wierda
- Chair group Consumption and Healthy Lifestyles, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Emely de Vet
- Chair group Consumption and Healthy Lifestyles, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ellemijn Troost
- Chair group Consumption and Healthy Lifestyles, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Maartje P Poelman
- Chair group Consumption and Healthy Lifestyles, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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17
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Davies R, Doshi M. Prevention of oral diseases for the older person (Part 1). Br Dent J 2024; 236:35-41. [PMID: 38225311 DOI: 10.1038/s41415-023-6610-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Older adults often experience poorer levels of oral health than younger adults, especially if they have become dependent on a third party to support their daily oral care routine. However, the deterioration of oral health does not need to be a part of the ageing process. Most oral diseases are largely preventable with the daily removal of dental plaque that forms on teeth and dentures, using a fluoride toothpaste, eating a healthy diet and reducing any tobacco consumption. The dental team have a duty of care to ensure that older people receive evidence-based oral health preventative advice tailored to the individual, taking into account individual risk factors that can increase with age. This can include the clinical application of topical fluoride and minimally invasive dentistry. Older people at an increased risk of poor oral health include those with cognitive conditions, physical impairments and certain medical conditions. Care home residents face particular barriers to attaining a satisfactory standard of oral care which are discussed herein. Good oral health preventative routines must be established early after the diagnosis of progressive chronic conditions and will help to prevent the need for dental intervention later in life when treatment can be more difficult to tolerate. Inclusion of oral health prevention within health policy and legislation is necessary to improve the oral health for older people living in all health and care settings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mili Doshi
- Dental and Maxillofacial, Surrey and Sussex Healthcare NHS Trust, Surrey, United Kingdom.
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Carcel C, Haupt S, Arnott C, Yap ML, Henry A, Hirst JE, Woodward M, Norton R. A life-course approach to tackling noncommunicable diseases in women. Nat Med 2024; 30:51-60. [PMID: 38242981 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-023-02738-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Women's health has been critically underserved by a failure to look beyond women's sexual and reproductive systems to adequately consider their broader health needs. In almost every country in the world, noncommunicable diseases are the leading causes of death for women. Among these, cardiovascular disease (including heart disease and stroke) and cancer are the major causes of mortality. Risks for these conditions exist at each stage of women's lives, but recognition of the unique needs of women for the prevention and management of noncommunicable diseases is relatively recent and still emerging. Once they are diagnosed, treatments for these diseases are often costly and noncurative. Therefore, we call for a strategic, innovative life-course approach to identifying disease triggers and instigating cost-effective measures to minimize exposure in a timely manner. Prohibitive barriers to implementing this holistic approach to women's health exist in both the social arena and the medical arena. Recognizing these impediments and implementing practical approaches to surmounting them is a rational approach to advancing health equity for women, with ultimate benefits for society as a whole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl Carcel
- The George Institute for Global Health, UNSW, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
- Department of Neurology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
| | - Sue Haupt
- The George Institute for Global Health, UNSW, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Clare Arnott
- The George Institute for Global Health, UNSW, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Cardiology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Mei Ling Yap
- The George Institute for Global Health, UNSW, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Liverpool and Macarthur Cancer Therapy Centres, South-West Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Collaboration for Cancer Outcomes, Research and Evaluation (CCORE), South-Western Sydney Clinical School, Ingham Institute, UNSW, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Amanda Henry
- The George Institute for Global Health, UNSW, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Discipline of Women's Health, School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Medicine and Health, UNSW, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, St George Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jane E Hirst
- The George Institute for Global Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Nuffield Department of Women's & Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Mark Woodward
- The George Institute for Global Health, UNSW, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- The George Institute for Global Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Robyn Norton
- The George Institute for Global Health, UNSW, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- The George Institute for Global Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
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Jobe M, Mactaggart I, Bell S, Kim MJ, Hydara A, Bascaran C, Njai M, Badjie O, Perel P, Prentice AM, Burton MJ. Prevalence of hypertension, diabetes, obesity, multimorbidity, and related risk factors among adult Gambians: a cross-sectional nationwide study. Lancet Glob Health 2024; 12:e55-e65. [PMID: 38097298 DOI: 10.1016/s2214-109x(23)00508-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As countries progress through economic and demographic transition, chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs) overtake a previous burden of infectious diseases. We investigated the prevalence of hypertension, diabetes, obesity, and multimorbidity in older adults in The Gambia. METHODS We embedded a survey on NCDs into the nationally representative 2019 Gambia National Eye Health Survey of adults aged 35 years or older. We measured anthropometrics, capillary blood glucose, and blood pressure together with sociodemographic information, personal and family health history, and information on smoking and alcohol consumption. Hypertension was defined as systolic blood pressure of 140 mmHg or more, diastolic blood pressure of 90 mmHg or more, or receiving treatment for hypertension. Diabetes was defined as fasting capillary blood glucose of 7 mmol/L or more, random blood glucose of 11·1mmol/L or more, or previous diagnosis or treatment for diabetes. Overweight was defined as BMI of 25-29·9 kg/m2 and obesity as 30 kg/m2 or more. Multimorbidity was defined as the coexistence of two or more conditions. We calculated weighted crude and adjusted estimates for each outcome by sex, residence, and selected sociodemographic factors. FINDINGS We analysed data from 9188 participants (5039 [54·8%] from urban areas, 6478 [70·5%] women). The prevalence of hypertension was 47·0%; 2259 (49·3%) women, 2052 (44·7%) men. The prevalence increased with age, increasing from 30% in those aged 35-45 years to over 75% in those aged 75 years and older. Overweight and obesity increased the odds of hypertension, and underweight reduced the odds. The prevalence of diabetes was 6·3% (322 [7·0%] women, 255 [5·6%] men), increasing from 3·8% in those aged 35-44 years to 9·1% in those aged 65-75 years, and then declining. Diabetes was much more common among urban residents, especially in women (peaking at 13% by age 65 years). Diabetes was strongly associated with BMI and wealth index. The prevalence of obesity was 12·0% and was notably higher in women than men (880 [20·2%] vs 170 [3·9%]). Multimorbidity was present in 932 (10·7%), and was more common in women than men (694 [15·9] vs 238 [5·5]). The prevalence of smoking was 9·7%; 5 (0·1%) women, 889 (19·3%) men. Alcohol consumption in the past year was negligible. INTERPRETATION We have documented high levels of NCDs and associated risk factors in Gambian adults. This presents a major stress on the country's fragile health system that requires an urgent, concerted, and targeted mutisectoral strategy. FUNDING The Queen Elizabeth Diamond Jubilee Trust and Wellcome Trust.
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Affiliation(s)
- Modou Jobe
- Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Fajara, Banjul, The Gambia.
| | - Islay Mactaggart
- International Centre for Eye Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Suzannah Bell
- Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Min J Kim
- International Centre for Eye Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Abba Hydara
- Sheikh Zayed Regional Eye Care Centre, Banjul, The Gambia
| | - Covadonga Bascaran
- International Centre for Eye Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Modou Njai
- Directorate of Health Promotion & Education, Ministry of Health, Banjul, The Gambia
| | - Omar Badjie
- Directorate of Health Promotion & Education, Ministry of Health, Banjul, The Gambia
| | - Pablo Perel
- Department of Non-communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Andrew M Prentice
- Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Fajara, Banjul, The Gambia
| | - Matthew J Burton
- International Centre for Eye Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK; National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre for Ophthalmology, Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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Kader SB, Shakurun N, Janzen B, Pahwa P. Impaired sleep, multimorbidity, and self-rated health among Canadians: Findings from a nationally representative survey. JOURNAL OF MULTIMORBIDITY AND COMORBIDITY 2024; 14:26335565241228549. [PMID: 38523711 PMCID: PMC10958807 DOI: 10.1177/26335565241228549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Background Self-rated health (SRH) is a globally recognized measure of health status. Both impaired sleep (IS) and the presence of multimorbidity are related to poorer SRH, but the precise nature of these associations remains unclear. This study explored the association between IS, multimorbidity, and SRH among Canadian adults. Method We used 2017-18 Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS) data for this study. The main variable of interest, self-rated health (SRH), measured participants' health on a 5-point Likert scale, later categorized as "good or better" vs. "fair or poor". The primary predictor, IS, was derived from two variables and categorized into four groups: no sleep issues; fewer sleeping hours (<7 hours) only; trouble sleeping only; and fewer hours & trouble sleeping. Multimorbidity was present (yes/no) if a participant indicated being diagnosed with two or more chronic conditions. Results Just over one in ten Canadians reported fair/poor SRH and approximately one-quarter had multimorbidity or experienced few sleep hours in combination with trouble sleeping. The adjusted model indicated greater odds of fair/poor SRH associated with the 40-64 years age group, male sex, and lower socio-economic status. It also suggested the presence of multimorbidity (AOR= 4.63, 95% CI: 4.06-5.28) and a combination of fewer sleep hours and troubled sleep (AOR= 4.05, 95% CI: 2.86-5.74) is responsible for poor SRH. Forty-four percent of the total effect of IS on SRH was mediated by multimorbidity. Conclusion This unique finding highlights the mediating role of multimorbidity, emphasizing the importance of addressing it alongside sleep issues for optimal health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirmin Bintay Kader
- American International University-Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Nahin Shakurun
- Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Bonnie Janzen
- Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Punam Pahwa
- Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
- Canadian Centre for Health and Safety in Agriculture (CCHSA), Saskatoon, SK, Canada
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Shelke A, Shelke S, Acharya S, Shukla S. Synergistic Epidemic or Syndemic: An Emerging Pattern of Human Diseases. Cureus 2023; 15:e48286. [PMID: 38058320 PMCID: PMC10696284 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.48286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Synergistic epidemics refer to the phenomenon where the occurrence and interaction of multiple diseases or health conditions exacerbate their individual impact, leading to complex health challenges and increased vulnerability in populations. Syndemics are a complex, multilevel phenomenon. In a population with biological interactions, a syndemic is the accumulation of two or more concurrent or sequential epidemics, which significantly worsens the situation. Disease concentration, disease interaction, and their underlying social forces, such as poverty and social inequality, are the fundamental concepts. Extensive political, economic, and cultural factors have contributed to cluster epidemics of several infectious diseases, particularly HIV and tuberculosis. Concerning the SAVA (substance abuse, violence, AIDS) syndemic, this narrative review article explores the complex interactions between substance abuse, violence, and HIV/AIDS. Further, it describes in-depth interactions between the COVID-19 syndemic's health conditions, societal factors, biological factors, and global dynamics. The review also emphasizes how infectious and non-communicable diseases interact, emphasizing how having one condition can make the severity and outcomes of another worse. It investigates the causes of synergistic epidemics and the impact of environmental factors. Syndemics acknowledge that the presence of one condition can worsen the severity and progression of others and take into account the intricate relationships between diseases. We can create more efficient plans to enhance health outcomes, lessen disparities, and promote healthier communities by understanding the connections between disorders and the underlying social determinants. This narrative review provides insights into the emerging patterns of human diseases within synergistic epidemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditi Shelke
- Department of Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Saurabh Shelke
- Department of Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Sourya Acharya
- Department of Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Samarth Shukla
- Department of Pathology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
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Medina Néri AK, Silva RP, Meneses GC, Costa Martins AM, Portela Lima AO, Callou Filho CR, Cavalcante Vidal FD, de Oliveira Lima JM, Rocha EA, da Silva Júnior GB. Association between endothelial biomarkers and lipid and glycemic levels: a cross-sectional study with diabetic patients. Biomark Med 2023; 17:935-946. [PMID: 38230971 DOI: 10.2217/bmm-2023-0174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Biomarkers can help understand the impact of achieving therapeutic goals in developing vascular diseases in diabetics. Aim: To assess the association between lipid and glycemic profiles and endothelial biomarkers in diabetics. Methods: Cross-sectional study that evaluated lipid and glycemic levels and biomarkers (VCAM-1, Sdc-1, FGF-23 and KIM-1 in diabetics. Results: Higher VCAM-1 levels were associated with higher low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and non-high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels (in the group with inadequate glycohemoglobin A1c [HbA1c] levels), with higher glycemic levels (in the group with inadequate HDL cholesterol levels) and with lower HDL cholesterol levels (both groups). VCAM-1 was independently associated with not achieving adequate HbA1c levels. Conclusion: In uncontrolled diabetics, VCAM-1 was independently associated with having inadequate HbA1c levels, suggesting they may already have endothelial damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ane Karoline Medina Néri
- University of Fortaleza, Health Sciences Center, Postgraduate Program in Collective Health, Fortaleza, 60811-905, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Pereira Silva
- Federal University of Ceará, Walter Cantídio Teaching Hospital, Cardiology Service, Fortaleza, 60430-372, Brazil
| | - Gdayllon Cavalcante Meneses
- Federal University of Ceará, Federal University of Ceará, Medical Sciences Post-Graduate Program, Fortaleza, 60430-140, Brazil
| | - Alice Maria Costa Martins
- Federal University of Ceará, Clinical and Toxicological Analysis Department, School of Pharmacy, Fortaleza, 60430-160, Brazil
| | - Ana Ofélia Portela Lima
- University of Fortaleza, Health Sciences Center, Postgraduate Program in Collective Health, Fortaleza, 60811-905, Brazil
| | - Cesário Rui Callou Filho
- University of Fortaleza, Health Sciences Center, Postgraduate Program in Collective Health, Fortaleza, 60811-905, Brazil
| | | | - Jeruza Mara de Oliveira Lima
- Federal University of Ceará, Walter Cantídio Teaching Hospital, Cardiology Service, Fortaleza, 60430-372, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Arrais Rocha
- Federal University of Ceará, Walter Cantídio Teaching Hospital, Cardiology Service, Fortaleza, 60430-372, Brazil
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Srivastava R, Singh N, Kanda T, Yadav S, Yadav S, Choudhary P, Atri N. Promising role of Vitamin D and plant metabolites against COVID-19: Clinical trials review. Heliyon 2023; 9:e21205. [PMID: 37920525 PMCID: PMC10618788 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D possesses immunomodulatory qualities and is protective against respiratory infections. Additionally, it strengthens adaptive and cellular immunity and boosts the expression of genes involved in oxidation. Experts suggested taking vitamin D supplements to avoid and treat viral infection and also COVID-19, on the other hand, since the beginning of time, the use of plants as medicines have been vital to human wellbeing. The WHO estimates that 80 % of people worldwide use plants or herbs for therapeutic purposes. Secondary metabolites from medicinal plants are thought to be useful in lowering infections from pathogenic microorganisms due to their ability to inhibit viral protein and enzyme activity by binding with them. As a result, this manuscript seeks to describe the role of vitamin D and probable plant metabolites that have antiviral activities and may be complementary to the alternative strategy against COVID-19 in a single manuscript through reviewing various case studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nidhi Singh
- Department of Botany, M.M.V., Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Tripti Kanda
- Department of Botany, M.M.V., Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Sadhana Yadav
- Department of Botany, M.M.V., Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Shivam Yadav
- Department of Botany, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, India
| | | | - Neelam Atri
- Department of Botany, M.M.V., Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
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Somta S, Völker M, Widyastari DA, Mysook S, Wongsingha N, Potharin D, Katewongsa P. Willingness-to-pay in physical activity: how much older adults value the community-wide initiatives programs? Front Public Health 2023; 11:1282877. [PMID: 38026321 PMCID: PMC10644721 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1282877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Previous studies have shown insufficient physical activity (PA) as a significant global health concern and a major risk factor for non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Community-wide initiatives in physical activity (CWIPA) is considered as a best-buy for Community-wide initiatives in physical activity (CWIPA) is considered as a best-buy for NCDs prevention. However, assessment regarding resource allocation and cost-effectiveness of existing programs is lacking. This study investigated local residents' willingness-to-pay (WTP) for community PA programs in Southern Thailand. Methods The contingent valuation method (CVM) using the payment card approach was employed to elicit the WTP of 472 residents aged 45 years and over in selected provinces in which community PA programs had been implemented. Respondents were asked to indicate their WTP for the continuous offering of free CWIPA by choosing how much they were willing to pay from eight bid-value options, payable through their monthly electricity bill. Results The mean WTP of Thai older adults was found to be 72 baht/month ($2/month) or 868 baht/year ($25/year). This indicated the maximum amount an older person was willing to pay for any community-based PA program. More than half the sample (54.2%) chose zero as their answer, while there was a fairly large variation in other levels of WTP. The WTP was lower among older respondents and those who resided in rural areas but was higher among those with a history of participation in an organized PA program. Conclusion The level of WTP can be interpreted as an indicator of community satisfaction with CWIPA. That finding can be used as evidence for the government and policy makers in allocating resources and designing future CWIPA. A variety of organized PA programs should be offered to all community members to ensure inclusivity and also to provide equal access for senior citizens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sittichat Somta
- Thailand Physical Activity Knowledge Development Centre (TPAK), Salaya, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Marc Völker
- Institute for Population and Social Research, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | | | - Sirinapa Mysook
- Sisaket Provincial Public Health Office, Mueang, Sisaket, Thailand
| | - Narakorn Wongsingha
- Thailand Physical Activity Knowledge Development Centre (TPAK), Salaya, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Danusorn Potharin
- Thailand Physical Activity Knowledge Development Centre (TPAK), Salaya, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Piyawat Katewongsa
- Institute for Population and Social Research, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
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Fras Z, Jakše B, Kreft S, Malek Ž, Kamin T, Tavčar N, Fidler Mis N. The Activities of the Slovenian Strategic Council for Nutrition 2023/24 to Improve the Health of the Slovenian Population and the Sustainability of Food: A Narrative Review. Nutrients 2023; 15:4390. [PMID: 37892467 PMCID: PMC10610012 DOI: 10.3390/nu15204390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The health status of individuals in Slovenia across age groups is a matter of concern, as current unsustainable lifestyle choices are already leading to various chronic noncommunicable diseases (NCDs). Outdated national dietary guidelines, their inconsistent implementation, and a lack of structural changes represent obstacles to promoting healthy and sustainable nutrition. Limited access to and rising prices of healthy, sustainable foods, in addition to the high availability of low-priced, highly processed foods, increase the risk of NCDs. The lack of systematic health monitoring and early disease detection poses a challenge. Global and local environmental issues, resistance, and/or the inability to adopt healthier diets hinder individuals from changing their nutritional behaviours. In this narrative review, we provide an overview of the current situation in Slovenia as well as planned activities initiated by the Slovenian government and the Prime Minister's Strategic Council for Nutrition, aiming to make progress in supporting healthy and sustainable nutrition, limiting food waste, and increasing the availability of healthier foods for all. Improving the sustainability of the Slovenian food system can contribute to several Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), ensuring Slovenia's commitment to internationally agreed-upon targets. This could lead Slovenia to take a role as a pilot country in testing and implementing the necessary systemic changes, which could be further applied in other countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zlatko Fras
- Division of Medicine, Centre for Preventive Cardiology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | - Samo Kreft
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Žiga Malek
- Institute for Environmental Studies (IVM), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Tanja Kamin
- Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Nika Tavčar
- Umanotera, The Slovenian Foundation for Sustainable Development, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Nataša Fidler Mis
- Ministry of Health, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Division of Paediatrics, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Kitole FA, Sesabo JK, Lihawa RM. Instrumental variable approach on analyzing risk factors associated with noncommunicable disease prevalence in Tanzania: A nonexperimental design. Health Sci Rep 2023; 6:e1585. [PMID: 37779666 PMCID: PMC10539629 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.1585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) have emerged as a substantial burden in developing countries, representing the leading cause of mortality. Addressing this critical issue necessitates effective interventions and policy measures. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the risk factors associated with NCD prevalence in Tanzania. Methods This study employed a nonexperimental research design due to its ability to analyze secondary data without altering variables. The used data set of the study was sourced from National Panel Survey 2020/21 and Household Budget Survey 2017/18. The econometrics analysis applied in the study include two-stage residual inclusion (2SRI) and control function approach due to their ability to suppress endogeneity and enhance the clarity of results. Results The findings indicate a significant positive correlation between alcohol consumption (0.4110382, p = 0.02), cigarette smoking (0.3354297, p < 0.001), and NCDs, emphasizing the urgency of targeted interventions to mitigate these behaviors. Conversely, a negative correlation is observed between fruit and vegetable intake (-0.1063375, p < 0.001), physical exercises (-0.3744925, p < 0.001), and NCDs, underscoring the importance of promoting healthy dietary habits and frequent exercises. Conclusion These results accentuate the immediate need for targeted interventions and policy measures to address these risk factors and effectively combat the escalating burden of NCDs in Tanzania and similar contexts. Moreover, the need for improved public awareness campaigns and the promotion of healthy life campaigns are vital in the fight to lower the prevalence of NCDs across communities.
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Kibret KT, Backholer K, Peeters A, Tesfay F, Nichols M. Burdens of non-communicable disease attributable to metabolic risk factors in Australia, 1990-2019: joinpoint regression analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e071319. [PMID: 37451731 PMCID: PMC10351265 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-071319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long-term and comparative assessments of trends in non-communicable disease (NCD) burden attributable to metabolic risk are sparse. This study aimed to assess burdens and trends of NCD attributable to metabolic risk factors in Australia, 1990-2019. DESIGN Population-based observational study. SETTINGS AND DATA SOURCE Data were extracted from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 for Australia and trends in NCD burden attributable metabolic risks were estimated using the joinpoint regression model. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES NCD deaths and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) attributed to metabolic risk factors, 1990-2019. RESULTS Results indicate a 1.1% yearly increase in exposure to combined metabolic risk factors from 1990 to 2019. Between 1990 and 2019, the estimated absolute number of deaths from NCDs attributed to combined metabolic risks increased by 17.0%. However, metabolic risk-related NCD burdens in Australia decreased between 1990 and 2019. In 2019, 34.0% of NCD deaths and 20.0% of NCD DALYs were attributed to metabolic risk factors, compared with 42.9% and 24.4%, respectively, in 1990. In 2019, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), neoplasms and chronic kidney diseases were the most common NCD deaths attributed to metabolic risks. High body mass index accounted for the highest proportion of diabetes deaths (47.0%) and DALYs (58.1%) as well as chronic kidney disease deaths (35.4%) and DALYs (39.7%). Similarly, high systolic blood pressure contributed to a high proportion of chronic kidney disease deaths (60.9%) and DALYs (53.2%), and CVDs deaths (44.0%) and DALYs (46.0%). CONCLUSION While the contribution of metabolic risk factors to the burden of NCDs has declined from 1990 to 2019, their role in NCD death and disability remains a challenge as the prevalence of these risk factors has increased. Prevention strategies should focus on metabolic risks particularly high body mass index and high systolic blood pressure to substantially reduce NCD burdens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelemu Tilahun Kibret
- Global Centre for Preventive Health and NutritionI, Institute for Health Transformation, School of Health and Social Development, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kathryn Backholer
- Global Centre for Preventive Health and NutritionI, Institute for Health Transformation, School of Health and Social Development, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Anna Peeters
- Global Centre for Preventive Health and NutritionI, Institute for Health Transformation, School of Health and Social Development, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Fisaha Tesfay
- Global Centre for Preventive Health and NutritionI, Institute for Health Transformation, School of Health and Social Development, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Melanie Nichols
- Global Centre for Preventive Health and NutritionI, Institute for Health Transformation, School of Health and Social Development, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
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Jones D, Drewery R, Windle K, Humphrey S, de Paiva AF. Dementia prevention and the GP's role: a qualitative interview study. Br J Gen Pract 2023:BJGP.2023.0103. [PMID: 37549993 PMCID: PMC10428004 DOI: 10.3399/bjgp.2023.0103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND GPs play an increasingly important role in proactively preventing dementia. Dementia in 40% of patients could be prevented or delayed by targeting 12 modifiable risk factors throughout life. However, little is known about how GPs perceive their role in dementia prevention and the associated barriers. AIM To explore the role of GPs in dementia prevention. DESIGN AND SETTING Qualitative study among UK GPs. METHOD Semi-structured online interviews were conducted with 11 UK GPs exploring their views regarding their role in dementia prevention. Data were analysed using thematic analysis. RESULTS GPs reported that they never explicitly discuss dementia risk with patients, even when patients are presenting with risk factors, but acknowledge that dementia prevention should be part of their role. They advocate for adopting a whole team approach to primary care preventive practice, using long-term condition/medication reviews or NHS health checks as a platform to enable dementia risk communication targeting already at-risk individuals. Barriers included a lack of time and an absence of knowledge and education about the modifiable dementia risk factors, as well as a reluctance to use 'dementia' as a term within the appointment for fear of causing health anxiety. 'Brain health' was perceived as offering a more encouraging discursive tool for primary care practitioners, supporting communication and behaviour change. CONCLUSION There needs to be a whole-systems shift towards prioritising brain health and supporting primary care professionals in their preventive role. Education is key to underpinning this role in dementia prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Jones
- Centre for Applied Dementia Studies, Faculty of Health Studies, University of Bradford, Bradford
| | - Rachael Drewery
- Centre for Applied Dementia Studies, Faculty of Health Studies, University of Bradford, Bradford
| | - Karen Windle
- Centre for Applied Dementia Studies, Faculty of Health Studies, University of Bradford, Bradford
| | - Sara Humphrey
- GP with an extended role in older people, associate clinical director frailty/dementia and LD, Bradford District and Craven Health and Care Partnership, Bradford; medical director, Westcliffe Health Innovations, Bradford; clinical lead, Yorkshire and the Humber Clinical Network (Dementia and Older Peoples Mental Health); honorary visiting professor, Faculty of Health Studies, University of Bradford, Bradford
| | - Andreia Fonseca de Paiva
- Centre for Applied Dementia Studies, Faculty of Health Studies, University of Bradford, Bradford
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Castro E, Kelly NR, Budd EL. Healthcare provider-delivered healthy eating recommendations among U.S. Hispanic/Latino adults. Prev Med Rep 2023; 33:102216. [PMID: 37223558 PMCID: PMC10201819 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2023.102216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
U.S. Hispanic/Latino adults are at heightened risk for developing diet-related chronic diseases. Healthcare provider recommendations have shown to be effective for promoting health behavior change, but little is known about healthcare provider healthy eating recommendations among Hispanics/Latinos. To investigate the prevalence of and adherence to healthcare provider-delivered healthy eating recommendations among a U.S. sample of Hispanic/Latino adults, participants (N = 798; M = 39.6±15.1 years; 52% Mexican/Mexican American) were recruited via Qualtrics Panels to complete an online survey in January 2018. Most (61%) participants reported having ever received a healthcare provider-delivered dietary recommendation. Higher body mass index (AME = 0.015 [0.009, 0.021]) and having a chronic health condition (AME = 0.484 [0.398, 0.571]) were positively associated with receiving a dietary recommendation while age (AME = -0.004 [-0.007, -0.001]) and English proficiency (AME = -0.086 [-0.154, -0.018]) were negatively associated. Participants reported adhering regularly (49.7%) and sometimes (44.4%) to recommendations. There were no significant associations with patient characteristics and adherence to a healthcare provider-delivered dietary recommendation. Findings inform next steps toward increasing implementation of brief dietary counseling from healthcare providers to support prevention and management of chronic diseases among this under-studied population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esmeralda Castro
- Department of Counseling Psychology and Human Services, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA
- Prevention Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA
| | - Nichole R. Kelly
- Department of Counseling Psychology and Human Services, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA
- Prevention Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA
| | - Elizabeth L. Budd
- Department of Counseling Psychology and Human Services, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA
- Prevention Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA
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Calvani R, Picca A, Rodriguez-Mañas L, Tosato M, Coelho-Júnior HJ, Biancolillo A, Laosa O, Gervasoni J, Primiano A, Santucci L, Giampaoli O, Bourdel-Marchasson I, Regueme SC, Sinclair AJ, Urbani A, Landi F, Gambassi G, Marini F, Marzetti E. Amino Acid Profiles in Older Adults with Frailty: Secondary Analysis from MetaboFrail and BIOSPHERE Studies. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13040542. [PMID: 37110200 PMCID: PMC10147014 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13040542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
An altered amino acid metabolism has been described in frail older adults which may contribute to muscle loss and functional decline associated with frailty. In the present investigation, we compared circulating amino acid profiles of older adults with physical frailty and sarcopenia (PF&S, n = 94), frail/pre-frail older adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (F-T2DM, n = 66), and robust non-diabetic controls (n = 40). Partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) models were built to define the amino acid signatures associated with the different frailty phenotypes. PLS-DA allowed correct classification of participants with 78.2 ± 1.9% accuracy. Older adults with F-T2DM showed an amino acid profile characterized by higher levels of 3-methylhistidine, alanine, arginine, ethanolamine, and glutamic acid. PF&S and control participants were discriminated based on serum concentrations of aminoadipic acid, aspartate, citrulline, cystine, taurine, and tryptophan. These findings suggest that different types of frailty may be characterized by distinct metabolic perturbations. Amino acid profiling may therefore serve as a valuable tool for frailty biomarker discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Calvani
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli" IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Department of Geriatrics and Orthopedics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Picca
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli" IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, LUM University, 70010 Casamassima, Italy
| | - Leocadio Rodriguez-Mañas
- Servicio de Geriatría, Hospital Universitario de Getafe, 28905 Getafe, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red "Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable" (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Matteo Tosato
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli" IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Hélio José Coelho-Júnior
- Department of Geriatrics and Orthopedics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Biancolillo
- Department of Physical and Chemical Sciences, Università degli Studi dell'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Olga Laosa
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, LUM University, 70010 Casamassima, Italy
- Geriatric Research Group, Biomedical Research Foundation at Getafe University Hospital, 28905 Getafe, Spain
| | - Jacopo Gervasoni
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli" IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Aniello Primiano
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli" IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Lavinia Santucci
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli" IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Ottavia Giampaoli
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza Università di Roma, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Isabelle Bourdel-Marchasson
- Clinical Gerontology Department, Bordeaux University Hospital, 33000 Bordeaux, France
- CRMSB, CNRS UMR 5536, Université de Bordeaux, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Sophie C Regueme
- CHU Bordeaux, Pole Gérontologie Clinique, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Alan J Sinclair
- Foundation for Diabetes Research in Older People (fDROP), King's College, London WC2R 2LS, UK
| | - Andrea Urbani
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli" IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Department of Geriatrics and Orthopedics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Landi
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli" IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Department of Geriatrics and Orthopedics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Gambassi
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli" IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Department of Geriatrics and Orthopedics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Federico Marini
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza Università di Roma, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Emanuele Marzetti
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli" IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Department of Geriatrics and Orthopedics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
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Nadholta P, Kumar S, Anand A. Yoga for Control of Progression in the Early Stage of NCDs. Ann Neurosci 2023; 30:79-83. [PMID: 37706099 PMCID: PMC10496796 DOI: 10.1177/09727531231161995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Nadholta
- Neuroscience Research Lab, Department of Neurology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Saurabh Kumar
- CCRYN-Collaborative Centre for Mind Body Intervention through Yoga, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Akshay Anand
- Neuroscience Research Lab, Department of Neurology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
- CCRYN-Collaborative Centre for Mind Body Intervention through Yoga, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
- Centre for Cognitive Science and Phenomenology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
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Hess EM, Kassel SN, Simandl G, Raddatz N, Maunze B, Hurley MM, Grzybowski M, Klotz J, Geurts A, Liu QS, Choi S, Twining RC, Baker DA. Genetic Disruption of System xc-Mediated Glutamate Release from Astrocytes Increases Negative-Outcome Behaviors While Preserving Basic Brain Function in Rat. J Neurosci 2023; 43:2349-2361. [PMID: 36788029 PMCID: PMC10072291 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1525-22.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The importance of neuronal glutamate to synaptic transmission throughout the brain illustrates the immense therapeutic potential and safety risks of targeting this system. Astrocytes also release glutamate, the clinical relevance of which is unknown as the range of brain functions reliant on signaling from these cells hasn't been fully established. Here, we investigated system xc- (Sxc), which is a glutamate release mechanism with an in vivo rodent expression pattern that is restricted to astrocytes. As most animals do not express Sxc, we first compared the expression and sequence of the obligatory Sxc subunit xCT among major classes of vertebrate species. We found xCT to be ubiquitously expressed and under significant negative selective pressure. Hence, Sxc likely confers important advantages to vertebrate brain function that may promote biological fitness. Next, we assessed brain function in male genetically modified rats (MSxc) created to eliminate Sxc activity. Unlike other glutamatergic mechanisms, eliminating Sxc activity was not lethal and didn't alter growth patterns, telemetry measures of basic health, locomotor activity, or behaviors reliant on simple learning. However, MSxc rats exhibited deficits in tasks used to assess cognitive behavioral control. In a pavlovian conditioned approach, MSxc rats approached a food-predicted cue more frequently than WT rats, even when this response was punished. In attentional set shifting, MSxc rats displayed cognitive inflexibility because of an increased frequency of perseverative errors. MSxc rats also displayed heightened cocaine-primed drug seeking. Hence, a loss of Sxc-activity appears to weaken control over nonreinforced or negative-outcome behaviors without altering basic brain function.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Glutamate is essential to synaptic activity throughout the brain, which illustrates immense therapeutic potential and risk. Notably, glutamatergic mechanisms are expressed by most types of brain cells. Hence, glutamate likely encodes multiple forms of intercellular signaling. Here, we hypothesized that the selective manipulation of astrocyte to neuron signaling would alter cognition without producing widespread brain impairments. First, we eliminated activity of the astrocytic glutamate release mechanism, Sxc, in rat. This impaired cognitive flexibility and increased expression of perseverative, maladaptive behaviors. Notably, eliminating Sxc activity did not alter metrics of health or noncognitive brain function. These data add to recent evidence that the brain expresses cognition-specific molecular mechanisms that could lead to highly precise, safe medications for impaired cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan M Hess
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53233
| | - Sara N Kassel
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53233
| | - Gregory Simandl
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53233
| | - Nicholas Raddatz
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53233
| | - Brian Maunze
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53233
| | - Matthew M Hurley
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53233
| | | | | | | | - Qing-Song Liu
- Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226
| | - SuJean Choi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53233
| | - Robert C Twining
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53233
| | - David A Baker
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53233
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Gehlenborg J, Göritz AS, Moritz S, Kühn S. Long-term effects of imaginal retraining in overweight and obesity: A controlled study. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry 2023; 78:101794. [PMID: 36435539 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2022.101794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Imaginal retraining (IR) is a self-help technique that targets automatic approach tendencies toward appetitive stimuli. In a randomized controlled trial (RCT; N = 384), IR reduced craving for high-calorie foods after a six-week intervention period (small effect). The aim of the present study was to evaluate long-term effects of IR in this sample. METHODS One year after baseline, participants from the initial RCT were recontacted. A visual analogue scale measuring craving, the Food Cravings Questionnaire-Trait-reduced (FCQ-T-r), the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire, the Beck Depression Inventory, quality of life, and subjective appraisal of the intervention were assessed online. Participants were classified as users or nonusers based on self-reported usage of IR over the previous year. RESULTS Linear-mixed models showed no significant interaction effects of time and group for any outcome (trend level effects were found for two subscales of the FCQ-T-r). Yet, higher usage of IR was associated with greater symptom reduction. Although overall subjective appraisal of the intervention was comparably good to the initial study, usage of IR and completion rate were unsatisfactory. LIMITATIONS Main limitations of the present study include the nonrandomized group allocation and the low completion rate. CONCLUSIONS This study did not find evidence for the long-term efficacy of IR in individuals with craving for high-calorie foods. Only upon high usage of IR, improvement was found. However, low completion rate and usage of the intervention may have resulted in a Type-II error. Future studies may consider low-intensity professional guidance to increase adherence and assess the long-term effects of IR in RCTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josefine Gehlenborg
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Anja S Göritz
- Department of Occupational and Consumer Psychology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Steffen Moritz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Simone Kühn
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany; Lise Meitner Group for Environmental Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany
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Teng Y, Zhu M, Qiu Z. G-Quadruplexes in Repeat Expansion Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032375. [PMID: 36768697 PMCID: PMC9916761 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The repeat expansions are the main genetic cause of various neurodegeneration diseases. More than ten kinds of repeat sequences with different lengths, locations, and structures have been confirmed in the past two decades. G-rich repeat sequences, such as CGG and GGGGCC, are reported to form functional G-quadruplexes, participating in many important bioprocesses. In this review, we conducted an overview concerning the contribution of G-quadruplex in repeat expansion disorders and summarized related mechanisms in current pathological studies, including the increasing genetic instabilities in replication and transcription, the toxic RNA foci formed in neurons, and the loss/gain function of proteins and peptides. Furthermore, novel strategies targeting G-quadruplex repeats were developed based on the understanding of disease mechanism. Small molecules and proteins binding to G-quadruplex in repeat expansions were investigated to protect neurons from dysfunction and delay the progression of neurodegeneration. In addition, the effects of environment on the stability of G-quadruplex were discussed, which might be critical factors in the pathological study of repeat expansion disorders.
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Musa S, Dergaa I, Bachiller V, Saad HB. Global Implications of COVID-19 Pandemic on Adults' Lifestyle Behavior: The Invisible Pandemic of Noncommunicable Disease. Int J Prev Med 2023; 14:15. [PMID: 37033280 PMCID: PMC10080576 DOI: 10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_157_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 pandemic, with its subsequent lockdown and mobility restriction is a public health emergency that has obliged substantial modifications in daily routines and lifestyle of people worldwide. The drastic measures of social isolation and home confinement has impacted to a great extent the physical and psychological health. The resultant abrupt in lifestyle-related behavior such as physical inactivity, unhealthy dietary habit, sleep disturbance, stress, tobacco use, and alcohol intake, is directly linked to the rising global burden of non-communicable disease. This review aims at gaining a rich and extensive understanding of the potential negative impact triggered by COVID-19 on lifestyle-related behaviors that will influence long-term physical and mental wellbeing. Electronic database search was conducted on PubMed, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, and Scopus from January 1, 2020 to March 15, 2021. Data related to COVID-19 impact on lifestyle habits were extracted from these studies. Articles were included if meeting the inclusion criteria (i.e., assessed the impact of COVID-19 on physical inactivity and sedentary behavior, dietary habits, sleep, mental health, vitamin D, and substance use among adults. Further search was conducted to address these behavioral changes among athletes. While physical isolation is a necessary public health measure to protect the population, outcomes of this review indicate that in light of adverse lifestyle changes brought by the pandemic, noncommunicable disease remains a critical concern. Hence, adopting healthy lifestyle behavior is essentially important especially during the current time to boost immunity and reduce the risk of COVID-19 infection. Recognizing the pandemic collateral effects offers a forward-looking perspective to guide the government and health authorities in planning prevention and control programs that focus on resilient and sustainable behavioral change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Musa
- Department of Preventative Health, Primary Health Care Corporation, Doha, Qatar
- Address for correspondence: Dr. Sarah Musa, Primary Health Care Corporation (PHCC), Doha P.O. Box 26555, Qatar. E-mail:
| | - Ismail Dergaa
- Department of Preventative Health, Primary Health Care Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Veronica Bachiller
- Department of Preventative Health, Primary Health Care Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Helmi Ben Saad
- Farhat HACHED Hospital, University of Sousse, Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
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Heredia-Ciuró A, Martín-Núñez J, López-López JA, López-López L, Granados-Santiago M, Calvache-Mateo A, Valenza MC. Effectiveness of healthy lifestyle-based interventions in lung cancer survivors: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Support Care Cancer 2022; 31:71. [PMID: 36542189 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-022-07542-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the effectiveness of healthy lifestyle-based interventions in lung cancer survivors. METHODS We performed a literature search using PubMed, Web of Science, and Science Direct (last search March 2022). Quality assessment and risk of bias were assessed using the Downs and Black scale and the Cochrane tool. A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials were performed. We included controlled trials testing the effect of healthy lifestyle-based interventions in lung cancer survivors versus a control intervention where lung cancer patients had no treatment, were receiving the usual care, or had not an active role in the intervention. The data were pooled and a meta-analysis was completed for quality of life, psychological distress, and cancer-related symptoms. RESULTS We selected 14 studies, which included 1519 patients with lung cancer. The treatment status of these patients was heterogeneous. Healthy lifestyle programs were applied isolated or in combination with usual care in most of the studies. The components of the healthy lifestyle programs were also heterogeneous. Results showed significant differences in favor of healthy lifestyle-based interventions in comparison to the control group for quality of life (p = 0.01), psychological distress (p = 0.05), and cancer-related symptoms (p = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS The findings indicated a beneficial effect of healthy lifestyle-based interventions for improving quality of life, psychological distress, and cancer-related symptoms in lung cancer patients. However, this review could not show any conclusion about the better treatment moment to apply healthy lifestyle-based interventions. REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO Identifier: CRD42021292152. REVIEW REGISTRATION DATE 19/12/2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Heredia-Ciuró
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, Av. De La Ilustración, 60, 18016, Granada, Spain
| | - Javier Martín-Núñez
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, Av. De La Ilustración, 60, 18016, Granada, Spain
| | | | - Laura López-López
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, Av. De La Ilustración, 60, 18016, Granada, Spain
| | - María Granados-Santiago
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, Av. De La Ilustración, 60, 18016, Granada, Spain
| | - Andrés Calvache-Mateo
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, Av. De La Ilustración, 60, 18016, Granada, Spain
| | - Marie Carmen Valenza
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, Av. De La Ilustración, 60, 18016, Granada, Spain.
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Pineda E, Poelman MP, Aaspõllu A, Bica M, Bouzas C, Carrano E, De Miguel-Etayo P, Djojosoeparto S, Blenkuš MG, Graca P, Geffert K, Hebestreit A, Helldan A, Henjum S, Huseby CS, Gregório MJ, Kamphuis C, Laatikainen T, Løvhaug AL, Leydon C, Luszczynska A, Mäki P, Martínez JA, Raulio S, Romaniuk P, Roos G, Salvador C, Sassi F, Silano M, Sotlar I, Specchia ML, de Arriaga MT, Terragni L, Torheim LE, Tur JA, von Philipsborn P, Harrington JM, Vandevijvere S. Policy implementation and priorities to create healthy food environments using the Healthy Food Environment Policy Index (Food-EPI): A pooled level analysis across eleven European countries. Lancet Reg Health Eur 2022; 23:100522. [PMID: 36405402 PMCID: PMC9673115 DOI: 10.1016/j.lanepe.2022.100522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Food environments have been recognised as highly influential on population diets. Government policies have great potential to create healthy food environments to promote healthy diets. This study aimed to evaluate food environment policy implementation in European countries and identify priority actions for governments to create healthy food environments. Methods The Healthy Food Environment Policy Index (Food-EPI) was used to evaluate the level of food environment policy and infrastructure support implementation in Estonia, Finland, Germany, Ireland, Italy, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovenia, and Spain in 2019–2021. Evidence of implementation of food environment policies was compiled in each country and validated by government officials. National experts evaluated the implementation of policies and identified priority recommendations. Findings Finland had the highest proportion (32%, n = 7/22) of policies shaping food environments with a “high” level of implementation. Slovenia and Poland had the highest proportion of policies rated at very low implementation (42%, n = 10/24 and 36%, n = 9/25 respectively). Policies regarding food provision, promotion, retail, funding, monitoring, and health in all policies were identified as the most important gaps across the European countries. Experts recommended immediate action on setting standards for nutrients of concern in processed foods, improvement of school food environments, fruit and vegetable subsidies, unhealthy food and beverage taxation, and restrictions on unhealthy food marketing to children. Interpretation Immediate implementation of policies and infrastructure support that prioritize action towards healthy food environments is urgently required to tackle the burden of obesity and diet-related non-communicable diseases in Europe. Funding This project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 774548 and from the Joint Programming Initiative “A Healthy Diet for a Healthy Life”.
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The Associations Between Adverse Childhood Experiences, Physical and Mental Health, and Physical Activity: A Scoping Review. J Phys Act Health 2022; 19:847-854. [PMID: 36318916 DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2022-0298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) may be associated with worse physical and mental health in adulthood, and low physical activity engagement, but the relationships are not fully understood. OBJECTIVES To establish the scope of the literature exploring associations between ACEs, physical activity, and physical and mental health. METHODS We conducted this scoping review according to PRISMA-ScR guidelines. We searched MEDLINE, Scopus, SPORTDiscus, and PsycInfo for relevant articles. RESULTS Eighteen studies were included, 17 observational and 1 randomized controlled trial. The majority of studies were cross-sectional and employed self-reported physical activity and ACE measures. Six studies explored physical health, 9 explored mental health, and 3 explored both. Associations between ACEs and poor physical health outcomes (poor self-reported physical health, inflammation, high resting heart rate, and obesity) were consistently weaker or attenuated among those who were physically active. Physical activity may also moderate the associations between ACEs and depressive symptoms, psychological functioning, and health-related quality of life. CONCLUSION Associations between ACEs and poor physical and mental health were observed in those with less frequent physical activity engagement, though the majority of evidence relies on cross-sectional observational designs with self-report instruments. Further research is required to determine whether physical activity can prevent or treat poor physical and mental health in the presence of ACEs.
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Zammit N, Belgacem WB, Ghammam R, Fredj SB, Krifa R, Ouertani M, Maatouk A, Maatoug J, Ghannem H. Screening and health education practices related to cardiovascular risk factors among adults: results of a households survey in Sousse, Tunisia. Sci Rep 2022; 12:18781. [PMID: 36335141 PMCID: PMC9637120 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-23600-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
In Tunisia, despite the implementation of national strategies to prevent some of cardiovascular risk factors, these diseases still represent the leading cause of death. The current study aimed to determine the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors and assess the screening and health education practices related to these factors among the adults of Sousse (Tunisia). A cross-sectional study was conducted in 1000 households in Sousse, Tunisia. To collect data, a team of trained medical doctors administered by interview a pre-tested questionnaire and performed blood pressure and anthropometric measures at the participants' homes. In total, 1977 adults participated in the study. Their mean age was 39.8 (± 13.8) years. The Females/Males sex ratio was 1.5. Weight excess and lack of physical activity were found in 65.4% and 60.7% of participants. Screening for obesity and android obesity were reported by 36.6% and 5.7% of health services users. Advices from a healthcare professional to practice the recommended physical activity and eat healthily were reported by less than a third of these latter. Screening and health education practices related to cardiovascular risk factors should be reinforced in the Tunisian healthcare facilities. The implementation of multisectoral actions is necessary at the national level in order to obtain an environment that promotes a healthy lifestyle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nawel Zammit
- grid.412791.80000 0004 0508 0097Department of Epidemiology (LR19SP03), Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, Farhat Hached University Hospital, University of Sousse, 4000 Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Waad Ben Belgacem
- grid.412791.80000 0004 0508 0097Department of Epidemiology, Farhat Hached University Hospital, 4000 Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Rim Ghammam
- grid.412791.80000 0004 0508 0097Department of Epidemiology (LR19SP03), Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, Farhat Hached University Hospital, University of Sousse, 4000 Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Sihem Ben Fredj
- grid.412791.80000 0004 0508 0097Department of Epidemiology (LR19SP03), Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, Farhat Hached University Hospital, University of Sousse, 4000 Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Rim Krifa
- grid.412791.80000 0004 0508 0097Department of Epidemiology, Farhat Hached University Hospital, 4000 Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Ouertani
- grid.412791.80000 0004 0508 0097Department of Epidemiology, Farhat Hached University Hospital, 4000 Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Amani Maatouk
- grid.412791.80000 0004 0508 0097Department of Epidemiology, Farhat Hached University Hospital, 4000 Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Jihene Maatoug
- grid.412791.80000 0004 0508 0097Department of Epidemiology (LR19SP03), Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, Farhat Hached University Hospital, University of Sousse, 4000 Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Hassen Ghannem
- grid.412791.80000 0004 0508 0097Department of Epidemiology (LR19SP03), Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, Farhat Hached University Hospital, University of Sousse, 4000 Sousse, Tunisia
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Wattanapisit A, Abdul Rahman H, Car J, Abdul-Mumin KH, de la Cruz MHTO, Chia M, Rosenberg M, Ho MHR, Chaiyasong S, Mahmudiono T, Rodjarkpai Y, Dinov ID, Ottom M, Amornsriwatanakul A. The clusters of health-risk behaviours and mental wellbeing and their sociodemographic correlates: a study of 15,366 ASEAN university students. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:1840. [PMID: 36183060 PMCID: PMC9525932 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-14233-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study investigated, through cluster analysis, the associations between behavioural characteristics, mental wellbeing, demographic characteristics, and health among university students in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) University Network – Health Promotion Network (AUN-HPN) member universities. Methods Data were retrieved from a cross-sectional self-administered online survey among undergraduate students in seven ASEAN countries. A two-step cluster analysis was employed, with cluster labels based on the predominant characteristics identified within the clusters. The ‘healthy’ cluster was assigned as the reference group for comparisons using multinomial logistic regression analysis. Results The analytic sample size comprised 15,366 university students. Five clusters of student-types were identified: (i) ‘Healthy’ (n = 1957; 12.7%); (ii) ‘High sugary beverage consumption’ (n = 8482; 55.2%); (iii) ‘Poor mental wellbeing’ (n = 2009; 13.1%); (iv) ‘Smoker’ (n = 1364; 8.9%); and (v) ‘Alcohol drinker’ (n = 1554; 10.1%). Being female (OR 1.28, 95%CI 1.14, 1.45) and being physically inactive (OR 1.20, 95%CI 1.04, 1.39) increased the odds of belonging to the ‘High sugary beverage consumption’ cluster. Being female (OR 1.21, 95%CI 1.04, 1.41), non-membership in a sports club (OR 1.83, 95%CI 1.43, 2.34) were associated with ‘Poor mental wellbeing’. Obesity (OR 2.03, 95%CI 1.47, 2.80), inactively commuting to campus (OR 1.34, 95%CI 1.09, 1.66), and living in high-rise accommodation (OR 2.94, 95%CI 1.07, 8.07) were associated with membership in the ‘Smoker’ cluster. Students living in The Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam had a higher likelihood of being alcohol drinkers, compared with those who lived in Brunei. Conclusions ASEAN university students exhibited health-risk behaviours that typically clustered around a specific health behaviour and mental wellbeing. The results provided support for focusing interventions on one dominant health-risk behaviour, with associated health-risk behaviours within clusters being potential mediators for consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apichai Wattanapisit
- School of Medicine, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand.,Walailak University Hospital, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
| | - Hanif Abdul Rahman
- Institute of Health Sciences, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Gadong, Brunei Darussalam.,University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Josip Car
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Khadizah Haji Abdul-Mumin
- Institute of Health Sciences, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Gadong, Brunei Darussalam.,School of Nursing and Midwifery, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Michael Chia
- Physical Education & Sports Science, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Michael Rosenberg
- School of Human Sciences (Sport Science, Exercise and Health), University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.,College of Sports Science and Technology, 999 Mahidol University, Phutthamonthon Sai 4 Rd, Salaya, Phutthamonthon District, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Moon-Ho Ringo Ho
- School of Social Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Surasak Chaiyasong
- Alcohol and Health Promotion Policy Research Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahasarakham University, Kantharawichai, Mahasarakham, Thailand
| | - Trias Mahmudiono
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Yuvadee Rodjarkpai
- Faculty of Public Health, Burapha University, Saen Suk, Chon Buri, Thailand
| | | | - Mohammad Ottom
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Information Systems, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Areekul Amornsriwatanakul
- School of Human Sciences (Sport Science, Exercise and Health), University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia. .,College of Sports Science and Technology, 999 Mahidol University, Phutthamonthon Sai 4 Rd, Salaya, Phutthamonthon District, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand.
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Parents’ mHealth App for Promoting Healthy Eating Behaviors in Children: Feasibility, Acceptability, and Pilot Study. J Med Syst 2022; 46:70. [DOI: 10.1007/s10916-022-01860-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Bhattarai S, Nerhus Larsen R, Shrestha A, Karmacharya B, Sen A. Association between socioeconomic positions and overweight/obesity in rural Nepal. Front Nutr 2022; 9:952665. [PMID: 36159479 PMCID: PMC9501994 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.952665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
IntroductionObesity and its association with socioeconomic factors are well-established. However, the gradient of this relationship among rural populations in low- and middle-income countries such as Nepal is not fully understood. We sought to assess the association of socioeconomic factors (education, income, and employment status) with overweight/obesity.MethodsThis cross-sectional study analyzed data from 260 participants aged ≥18 years and attending a rural health center in Dolakha, Nepal. Self-reported data on demographic, socioeconomic, and lifestyle factors was collected, and weight and height were measured for all the study participants. Those with a body mass index of <25 kg/m2 were regarded as non-overweight/obese and those with ≥25 kg/m2 were regarded as overweight/obese. Poisson regression models were used to estimate prevalence ratios and corresponding 95% confidence intervals to assess the association between socioeconomic factors and overweight/obesity. In addition, we assessed the effect of modification by age and gender to study the effect of socioeconomic factors on overweight/obesity.ResultsThe age-standardized prevalence of overweight/obesity was higher for individuals with higher education (23%) and high-income (32%) and those who were unemployed (42%). Compared to the low-income and no formal education groups, the prevalence ratio of overweight/ obesity was 1.69 and 2.27 times more for those belonging to the high-income and high school and above groups, respectively. No evidence of effect modification by gender and age was observed.ConclusionsSocioeconomic factors, education, and income were positively associated with overweight/obesity prevalence in rural Nepal. Further large studies using longitudinal settings are necessary to replicate our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanju Bhattarai
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Institute of Implementation Science and Health, Kathmandu, Nepal
- *Correspondence: Sanju Bhattarai ;
| | | | - Archana Shrestha
- Institute of Implementation Science and Health, Kathmandu, Nepal
- Department of Public Health, Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences, Dhulikhel, Nepal
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Center of Methods for Implementation and Prevention Science, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Biraj Karmacharya
- Institute of Implementation Science and Health, Kathmandu, Nepal
- Department of Public Health, Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences, Dhulikhel, Nepal
| | - Abhijit Sen
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Oral Health Services and Research Center, TkMidt, Trondheim, Norway
- Abhijit Sen
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Chalermsri C, Ziaei S, Ekström EC, Muangpaisan W, Aekplakorn W, Satheannopakao W, Rahman SM. Dietary diversity associated with risk of cardiovascular diseases among community-dwelling older people: A national health examination survey from Thailand. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1002066. [PMID: 36159494 PMCID: PMC9493071 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1002066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundCardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the common comorbidities in older people. Healthy diet is an essential strategy to alleviate the risk of developing CVD. Dietary diversity (DD) is an indicator of diet quality. Currently, limited research exists regarding DD and CVD in older people in developing countries, such as Thailand, despite rapid growth of older population. Therefore, this study aims to determine associations of DD with the risk of CVD and the cardiometabolic risk factors among Thai older people.MethodsThis cross-sectional study used the sub-sample of the fifth Thai National Health Examination Survey conducted from 2013 to 2015. A total of 6,956 older people aged 60 years and older and no pre-existing CVD were included.Dietary diversity score (DDS) was assessed the consumption of eight food groups using food frequency questionnaires. Each food group was scored from 0 to 4. The DDS was calculated as the sum of the scores (0–32). The risk of CVD was calculated by using a Thai cardiovascular (CV) risk score. The cardiometabolic risk factors included hypertension, diabetes mellitus (DM), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and triglyceride (TG) levels. Data were adjusted for a complex survey design and analysed using linear and logistic regression models.ResultsIn the adjusted model, DDS had a significant negative association with log-Thai CV risk score, with adjusted β (95% CI) values of −0.01 (−0.01, −0.01). Regarding the cardiometabolic risk factors, DDS had a significant negative association with hypertension, DM and log-TG levels, with adjusted OR (95% CI) values of 0.97 (95% CI 0.97, 0.98) for hypertension, 0.94 (0.93, 0.95) for DM, and adjusted β (95% CI) values of −0.002 (−0.004, −0.001) for log-TG level. DDS was positively associated with TC and LDL-C, with adjusted β (95% CI) values of 0.59 (0.38, 0.80) for TC and 0.59 (0.38, 0.79) for LDL-C levels, while DDS was not associated with HDL-C level.ConclusionHigher DD was associated with a lower risk of CVD among Thai older people. The nutritional policies or interventions should encourage a diverse food intake for the prevention of CVD in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chalobol Chalermsri
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- *Correspondence: Chalobol Chalermsri
| | - Shirin Ziaei
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Weerasak Muangpaisan
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Wichai Aekplakorn
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Okunogbe A, Nugent R, Spencer G, Powis J, Ralston J, Wilding J. Economic impacts of overweight and obesity: current and future estimates for 161 countries. BMJ Glob Health 2022; 7:e009773. [PMID: 36130777 PMCID: PMC9494015 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2022-009773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The scope of the challenge of overweight and obesity (OAO) has not been fully realised globally, in part because much of what is known about the economic impacts of OAO come from high-income countries (HICs) and are not readily comparable due to methodological differences. Our objective is to estimate the current and future national economic impacts of OAO globally. METHODS We estimated economic impacts of OAO for 161 countries using a cost-of-illness approach. Direct and indirect costs of OAO between 2019 and 2060 were estimated from a societal perspective. We assessed the effect of two hypothetical scenarios of OAO prevalence projections. Country-specific data were sourced from published studies and global databases. RESULTS The economic impact of OAO in 2019 is estimated at 2.19% of global gross domestic product (GDP) ranging on average from US$20 per capita in Africa to US$872 per capita in the Americas and from US$6 in low-income countries to US$1110 in HICs.If current trends continue, by 2060, the economic impacts from OAO are projected to rise to 3.29% of GDP globally. The biggest increase will be concentrated in lower resource countries with total economic costs increasing by fourfold between 2019 and 2060 in HICs, whereas they increase 12-25 times in low and middle-income countries. Reducing projected OAO prevalence by 5% annually from current trends or keeping it at 2019 levels will translate into average annual reductions of US$429 billion or US$2201 billion in costs, respectively, between 2020 and 2060 globally. CONCLUSION This study provides novel evidence on the economic impact of OAO across different economic and geographic contexts. Our findings highlight the need for concerted and holistic action to address the global rise in OAO prevalence, to avert the significant risks of inaction and achieve the promise of whole-of-society gains in population well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rachel Nugent
- Center for GlobalNoncommunicable Diseases, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Garrison Spencer
- Center for GlobalNoncommunicable Diseases, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
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Brust M, Gebhardt WA, van der Voorde NA, Numans ME, Kiefte-de Jong JC. The development and validation of scales to measure the presence of a teachable moment following a cardiovascular disease event. Prev Med Rep 2022; 28:101876. [PMID: 35801000 PMCID: PMC9254119 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2022.101876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Better conceptually-driven research is necessary to learn more about 1) the characteristics of life events as teachable moments (TMs) and 2) the potential of life events to evoke lifestyle change intention (LCI). This study aimed to develop and validate two scales for the purposes of TM research in the context of cardiovascular disease (CVD): the CardiacTM and CardiacLCI-scales. After the initial development of items based on a theoretical framework and literature search, six experts rated the content validity of both scales as sufficient. The item list was further adjusted after think-aloud sessions with two CVD patients. The resulting scales were presented online in a cross-sectional survey, which yielded 625 responses of Dutch CVD patients (June 2020). To test construct validity, we conducted Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) with Varimax rotation on a random split-half of the sample (n = 300) and evaluated the factor structure with Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) on the holdout sample (n = 325). EFA and CFA on the CardiacTM-scale (α = 0.88) revealed a 28-item six-factor structure explaining 61.0% of the variance, with adequate goodness-of-fit statistics (CFI = 0.87; TLI = 0.85; SRMR = 0.07) and internally reliable factors (Affective impact, Risk CVD, Changed self-concept, CVD group identity, Risk non-communicable disease, Anticipated regret). The CardiacLCI-scale (α = 0.81) revealed an 11-item two-factor structure explaining 51.5% of the variance, with adequate model fit (CFI = 0.92; TLI = 0.90; SRMR = 0.08) and internally reliable factors (Event-related lifestyle change and General healthy lifestyle). The scales may be used to expand knowledge around life events as TMs and to support conversation regarding lifestyle after cardiac and other life events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Brust
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care/Health Campus The Hague, Leiden University Medical Center, The Hague, The Netherlands
| | - Winifred A. Gebhardt
- Department of Health, Medical and Neuropsychology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Mattijs E. Numans
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care/Health Campus The Hague, Leiden University Medical Center, The Hague, The Netherlands
| | - Jessica C. Kiefte-de Jong
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care/Health Campus The Hague, Leiden University Medical Center, The Hague, The Netherlands
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Regan C, Fehily C, Campbell E, Bowman J, Faulkner J, Oldmeadow C, Bartlem K. Clustering of chronic disease risks among people accessing community mental health services. Prev Med Rep 2022; 28:101870. [PMID: 35813396 PMCID: PMC9256721 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2022.101870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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Shao L, Zhang T, Chen Y, Ghose B, Ji L. Exposure to Electronic Media, Smoking and Alcohol Drinking Among Guyanese Adults. Front Public Health 2022; 10:862975. [PMID: 35795706 PMCID: PMC9251173 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.862975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Use of electronic media has been shown to be associated with tobacco and alcohol consumption behavior among adult population. Currently, not much is known about the risk factors of tobacco and alcohol consumption in Guyana. The present study aimed to explore the association between exposure to electronic media and tobacco and alcohol consumption by adjusting for the sociodemographic correlates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liming Shao
- Planning and Development Department, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Zhejiang Business College, Hangzhou, China
| | | | - Bishwajit Ghose
- Organisation pour l'environnement et Développement Durable, Lomé, Togo
| | - Lu Ji
- School of Medicine and Health Management, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Lu Ji
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Impact of Bariatric Surgery-Induced Weight Loss on Anterior Eye Health in Patients with Obesity. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14122462. [PMID: 35745192 PMCID: PMC9227522 DOI: 10.3390/nu14122462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present research was to assess the effect of bariatric surgery-induced weight loss on the tear film and ocular surface of patients with obesity. A total of 29 participants with obesity (aged 47.2 ± 10.1 years, 8 male) were measured at baseline and followed up one year after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery. General anthropometric data, as well as serum lipid markers of cholesterol, were assessed in all individuals. Bilateral anterior eye measurements of tear meniscus height (TMH), non-invasive tear breakup time, bulbar and limbal redness and infrared meibography were captured using the Keratograph K5M (Oculus) and ocular surface damage was evaluated using fluorescein sodium and lissamine green staining. Bariatric surgery resulted in significant loss of weight (body mass index p < 0.001) and an improvement in the blood lipid profile (p < 0.01) in all participants. However, there were no statistically significant differences between the baseline and one-year follow-up for any of the measured clinical ocular surface and tear film variables (all p > 0.05). Although there were trends for a reduced TMH and a decrease in meibomian gland dropout after bariatric surgery, these differences were also insignificant (p > 0.05). In conclusion, weight reduction through bariatric surgery did not have an effect on the tear film or ocular surface in unselected patients with obesity.
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Drapkina OM, Begrambekova YL, Orlov DO, Shepel RN, Samojlov TV. [Determination of factors influencing the desire and possibilities of prevention of inactivity and other behavi-oral risk factors by primary care physicians (REFLECTION). The results of a one-time survey]. KARDIOLOGIIA 2022; 62:9-17. [PMID: 35692169 DOI: 10.18087/cardio.2022.5.n2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Aim To evaluate clinical practice of primary care physicians with respect of preventing behavioral risk factors in patients as well as objective and subjective factors that influence their motivation for taking preventive measures. Material and methods This study was a cross-sectional survey. The questionnaire was anonymous and included closed questions and multiple-choice questions. Based on the obtained results, prevalence of modifiable risk factors for chronic noninfectious diseases (CNID) was comprehensively evaluated in the survey population. Also, a special quantitative variable was introduced, the Index of Behavioral Risk Factors. that reflected the burden of risk factors. This composite index included the degree of risk factor in a specific respondent, for example, obesity degree, number of cigarettes smoked per day, severity of hypodynamia. Physicians' knowledge and beliefs about the effect of physical activity (PA) on certain diseases were evaluated. Result 623 physicians (mean age 40 years (31-52), 85.5 % women) participated in the survey. The respondents included general practitioners (7.5%), cardiologists (2.9 %), preventive care physicians (4.8 %), internists (25.4 %), and other specialists (59.4 %). 70.8 % of respondents never smoked, 17.5 % were current smokers. 38.5% (240) of the surveyed had a normal body weight index (BWI); 41.7 % (260) were overweight; 11.6 % (72) had degree 1 obesity; 3.7 % (23) had degree 2 obesity; and 0.8 % had degree 3 obesity. A very low PA level was noticed; most of the surveyed exercised not more than once a week (median, 1 (0-3) time). More than 90 % had behavioral risk factors, low PA and excessive body weight. The physicians with a higher index of behavioral risk factors 50% less frequently checked the body weight of patients (odds ratio (OR), 0.541; 95 % confidence interval (CI): 0.388-0.753, p<0.05); 33% less frequently asked whether the patient smoked (OR, 0.675; 95 % CI: 0.465-0.978, p=0.037); 50% less frequently asked the patients about his/her level of PA (OR, 0.482; 95 % CI: 0.343-0.678, p<0.001); and 60% less frequently recommended increasing the PA (OR, 0.408; 95 % CI: 0.292-0.570, p<0.001).Conclusion Most of the surveyed were aware of the benefits of PA for prevention and treatment of CNID, however, they related the mechanism of this effect only with weight loss. The most frequently mentioned barriers to behavioral risk counseling were uncertainty about whether such counseling was within the physician's professional competence, lack of time, lack of confidence in the provision of advice and the effectiveness of interventions, and lack of patients' compliance.
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Affiliation(s)
- O M Drapkina
- National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine
| | - Yu L Begrambekova
- Medical Research and Educational Center, Lomonosov Moscow State University; School of Fundamental Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University
| | - D O Orlov
- National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine
| | - R N Shepel
- National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine
| | - T V Samojlov
- National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine
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Howells K, Coppinger T. The Forgotten Age Phase of Healthy Lifestyle Promotion? A Preliminary Study to Examine the Potential Call for Targeted Physical Activity and Nutrition Education for Older Adolescents. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19105970. [PMID: 35627507 PMCID: PMC9141754 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19105970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
To date, little research on healthy lifestyle promotion has focused on older adolescents (16–18-year-olds), yet this is a key time that habitual healthy lifestyles could be developed. Ninety-three participants (thirty-nine males; fifty-four females) (mean age = 16.9, (SD 0.4) years), from three low socio-economic high schools in England, completed an online questionnaire on their self-reported: (i) daily physical activity (PA), (ii) active transportation, (iii) active leisure time, (iv) food intake and (v) experiences of how healthy lifestyles are promoted specifically to them. Overall, 60% reached the daily PA recommended guidelines. Yet, 92% used a bicycle/walked for a least 10 min continuously as active transport and of these, 86% undertook this at least 5 days per week. Almost half undertook MVPA as active leisure, but 66% still spent ≥ 5 h sedentary. Seventeen percent met recommended nutritional guidelines for health and 90% (n = 80) did not report school as a place that promoted healthy lifestyles. It is recommended as a public health measure and as an educational policy matter that schools implement more targeted PA and healthy eating initiatives for older adolescents that also include the adolescent voice. Further, gaining a deeper insight into male older adolescents’ health literacy is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristy Howells
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, School of Psychology and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Social Sciences, Canterbury Christ Church University, Canterbury CT1 1QU, UK
- Correspondence:
| | - Tara Coppinger
- Department of Sport, Leisure and Childhood Studies, Faculty of Business and Humanities, Munster Technological University, T12 P928 Cork, Ireland;
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