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Selioutski O, Herman S, Ritzl EK, Garlinghouse M, Taraschenko O. Patient Handoff Practices at the Epilepsy Centers in the United States: A Survey of the Medical Directors. J Clin Neurophysiol 2024:00004691-990000000-00141. [PMID: 38916933 DOI: 10.1097/wnp.0000000000001081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/26/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Communication failure is one of the most significant causes of medical errors. Providing care to patients with seizures at comprehensive epilepsy centers requires uninterrupted coverage and a multidisciplinary approach. However, handoff practices in these settings have not been comprehensively assessed, and recommendations for their standardization are currently lacking. The aim of this observational study was to define the scope of existing practices for patient handoffs across epilepsy centers in the United States and provide relevant recommendations. METHODS A 79-question survey was developed to establish the patterns of transition of care for patients undergoing continuous EEG recording, including the periodicity of handoffs and specifics of the relevant workflow. With permission from the National Association of Epilepsy Centers (NAEC), the survey was distributed to the medical directors of all Level 3 and 4 NAEC-accredited epilepsy centers in the United States. RESULTS The responses were obtained from 70 institutions yielding a survey response rate of 26%. Of these, more than 77% had established weekly handoff processes for both the epilepsy monitoring unit and continuous EEG (cEEG) monitoring services. However, only 53% and 43% of centers had procedures for daily service transfers for the patients admitted to the epilepsy monitoring unit or the patients undergoing cEEG, respectively. The patterns of handoffs were complex and utilized group handoffs in < 50% of institutions. In most centers (>70%), patient data transmitted through handoffs included history, clinical information, and EEG findings. However, templates were not applied to standardize this information. All participants agreed or strongly agreed that a culture of patient safety was maintained in their place of practice; however, 12% of participants felt that insufficient time was allowed to discuss these patients or carry out the handoffs without interruptions. CONCLUSIONS Existing handoff practices are not uniform or fully established across epilepsy centers in the United States. This study recommends that guidelines for formal handoff procedures be developed and introduced as a quality metric for all NAEC-accredited epilepsy centers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Selioutski
- Epilepsy Division, Department of Neurology, University of Mississippi, Jackson, Mississippi, U.S.A
- University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, U.S.A
| | - Susan Herman
- Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, Arizona, U.S.A
| | - Eva Katharina Ritzl
- Massachusetts General Hospital and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.A. ; and
| | - Matthew Garlinghouse
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, U.S.A
| | - Olga Taraschenko
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, U.S.A
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Bramness JG, Hjellvik V, Høye A, Tesli M, Haram M, Nystad W, Krokstad S. The epidemiology of major depression among adults in Norway: an observational study on the concurrence between population surveys and registry data - a NCDNOR project. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:1330. [PMID: 38755615 PMCID: PMC11100182 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18754-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mental health problems, and major depression in particular, are important public health issues. Following trends in the prevalence of major depression is difficult because of the costs and complications of diagnostic interviews and general population self-report health surveys. Scandinavian countries, however, have several central, population-based health registries. We aimed to investigate how well these registries capture the epidemiology of major depression in the population. METHODS In two Norwegian regional surveys of general population health, each repeated after 10 years, responders were asked to report depressive symptoms using the Hopkins Symptom Checklist (HSCL) or the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Data were linked to three central health registries capturing contact with primary care, specialist care and prescriptions for antidepressants, to investigate how well these registries reflected self-reported depressive symptoms. RESULTS Most responders scored low on Hopkins Symptom Checklist (HSCL) and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), but 10% and 13%, respectively, scored above cut-off, with only minor changes between the two survey times. Females scored higher than males. Older people scored lower than younger, and a social gradient was visible. Around 12% of those who scored above the cut-off on either scale were recorded in the central health registries during the following year. This correlation was highest in primary care data, followed by prescription data and lowest in specialist care. Females were more often recorded in registries (p < 0.001), as were younger people (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS There was a strong association between scores on screening for major depression in the general population surveys and being recorded in central health registries. There was a low sensitivity of these registries. and there was some variation in how sensitive the central health registries were in picking up depression, especially for males and older people. However, the stability of the measures over time suggests we may get an impression of the prevalence of major depression in the general population by using data from the central health registries. A combination of primary care data, prescription data and specialist care data have a higher sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jørgen G Bramness
- Department of Alcohol, Tobacco and Drugs, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, P.O.Box 222, Oslo, 0213, Norway.
- Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Concurrent Substance Abuse and Mental Health Disorders, Innlandet Hospital Trust, Brumunddal, Norway.
- Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.
- Section for Clinical Addiction Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Vidar Hjellvik
- Department of Chronic Diseases, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anne Høye
- Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Center for Clinical Documentation and Evaluation (SKDE), Tromsø, Norway
- Division of Mental Health and Substance Abuse, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Martin Tesli
- Department of Mental Health and Suicide, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Marit Haram
- Department of Mental Health and Suicide, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Wenche Nystad
- Department of Chronic Diseases, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Steinar Krokstad
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, HUNT Research Centre, NTNU, Levanger, Norway
- Levanger Hospital, Nord-Trøndelag Hospital Trust, Levanger, Norway
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de Graaf H, Mitchell K, Clifton S, Lara MF, Dewaele A, Dupont J, Klapilova K, Lazdāne G, Briken P, Træen B, Bajos N, Ljungcrantz D, Kontula O. Sex Surveys in Europe: Reflections on over Four Decades of Sexual Behavior and Sexual Health Surveillance. JOURNAL OF SEX RESEARCH 2023; 60:1020-1033. [PMID: 37339272 DOI: 10.1080/00224499.2023.2222403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
Sexual expression is fundamental to human existence and an important topic of enquiry in its own right. Understanding sexual behavior is also essential to establish effective sexual health prevention activities (e.g., education), services and policies, and to assess the progress of policies and action plans. Questions on sexual health are rarely included in general health surveys, and therefore dedicated population studies are required. Many countries lack both funding and sociopolitical support to conduct such surveys. A tradition of periodic population sexual health surveys exists in Europe but the methods used (e.g., in questionnaire construction, recruiting methods or interview format) vary from one survey to another. This is because the researchers within each country are confronted with conceptual, methodological, sociocultural and budgetary challenges, for which they find different solutions. These differences limit comparison across countries and pooling of estimates, but the variation in approaches provides a rich source of learning on population survey research. In this review, survey leads from 11 European countries discuss how their surveys evolved during the past four decades in response to sociohistorical and political context, and the challenges they encountered. The review discusses the solutions they identified and shows that it is possible to create well designed surveys which collect high quality data on a range of aspects of sexual health, despite the sensitivity of the topic. Herewith, we hope to support the research community in their perennial quest for political support and funding, and ongoing drive to advance methodology in future national sex surveys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanneke de Graaf
- National Programmes, Rutgers, Dutch Centre of Expertise on Sexual and Reproductive Health
| | | | - Soazig Clifton
- Centre for Health at NatCen, the Institute for Global Health at University College London
| | - Maria Fernanda Lara
- Departamento de Especialidades Quirúrgicas, Bioquímica, Ginecología y Obstetrician, Universidad de Málaga
| | - Alexis Dewaele
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Ghent University
| | - Joke Dupont
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Ghent University
| | - Katerina Klapilova
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, and Faculty of Humanities, Charles University
| | - Gunta Lazdāne
- Institute of Public Health, Rīga Stradiņš University
| | - Peer Briken
- Institute for Sex Research, Sexual Medicine, and Forensic Psychiatry, University Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf
| | - Bente Træen
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo
| | - Nathalie Bajos
- IRIS U997, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)
| | - Desiree Ljungcrantz
- Unit for Sexual Health and HIV prevention, The Public Health Agency of Sweden
| | - Osmo Kontula
- Population Research Institute, Family Federation of Finland
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Vo CQ, Samuelsen PJ, Sommerseth HL, Wisløff T, Wilsgaard T, Eggen AE. Comparing the sociodemographic characteristics of participants and non-participants in the population-based Tromsø Study. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:994. [PMID: 37248482 PMCID: PMC10226228 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-15928-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Differences in the sociodemographic characteristics of participants and non-participants in population-based studies may introduce bias and reduce the generalizability of research findings. This study aimed to compare the sociodemographic characteristics of participants and non-participants of the seventh survey of the Tromsø Study (Tromsø7, 2015-16), a population-based health survey. METHODS A total of 32,591 individuals were invited to Tromsø7. We compared the sociodemographic characteristics of participants and non-participants by linking the Tromsø7 invitation file to Statistics Norway, and explored the association between these characteristics and participation using logistic regression. Furthermore, we created a geographical socioeconomic status (area SES) index (low-SES, medium-SES, and high-SES area) based on individual educational level, individual income, total household income, and residential ownership status. We then mapped the relationship between area SES and participation in Tromsø7. RESULTS Men, people aged 40-49 and 80-89 years, those who were unmarried, widowed, separated/divorced, born outside of Norway, had lower education, had lower income, were residential renters, and lived in a low-SES area had a lower probability of participation in Tromsø7. CONCLUSIONS Sociodemographic differences in participation must be considered to avoid biased estimates in research based on population-based studies, especially when the relationship between SES and health is being explored. Particular attention should be paid to the recruitment of groups with lower SES to population-based studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Quynh Vo
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, N-9037, Tromsø, Norway.
| | - Per-Jostein Samuelsen
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, N-9037, Tromsø, Norway
- Regional Medicines Information and Pharmacovigilance Centre (RELIS), University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Hilde Leikny Sommerseth
- The Norwegian Historical Data Centre, Department of Archaeology, History, Religious Studies and Theology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Torbjørn Wisløff
- Health Services Research Unit, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Tom Wilsgaard
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, N-9037, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Anne Elise Eggen
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, N-9037, Tromsø, Norway
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Reitan G, Kjellevold Haugen IB, Andersen K, Bragadottir R, Bindesbøll C. Through the Eyes of Patients: Understanding Treatment Burden of Intravitreal Anti-VEGF Injections for nAMD Patients in Norway. Clin Ophthalmol 2023; 17:1465-1474. [PMID: 37256195 PMCID: PMC10226541 DOI: 10.2147/opth.s409103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) are treated with frequent intravitreal injections to maintain vision. The treatment frequency impacts the life of patients and caregivers and poses a major capacity challenge for Norwegian ophthalmic clinics. The purpose of this survey was to document patient-reported outcomes on how the disease and the treatment impact nAMD patients in Norway. Methods Norwegian nAMD patients voluntarily completed the survey. The patients reported the time spent on each treatment appointment, the need for caregiver support, treatment intervals, and the emotional impact of the treatment. There was no active selection of patients to the survey. Respondents had to confirm the nAMD diagnosis prior to submitting the response. All data was included in the analysis as submitted by the respondents. This survey was market research involving anonymous patient data, and no participants were identifiable. Results In total, 130 patients responded to the survey. The majority of patients reported to receive nine or more injections per year (48.8%), and many patients needed caregiver support for every treatment appointment (37.7%). Patients reported to be anxious one day (25.4%), two days (8.5%), one week (10.8%) or more than one week (3.1%) prior to treatment. The week before the treatment, 33.1% of patients reported to be stressed and 15.4% struggled to sleep. The majority of patients reported the treatment as uncomfortable (54.6%) or as somewhat painful (26.2%). The results on yearly number of injections, time used each treatment day and need for caregiver support suggested a variation between Norwegian hospital regions. Conclusions This survey uncovers how treatment with intravitreal injections represents a substantial burden for Norwegian patients with nAMD. Future research on how the treatment burden impacts nAMD patients may lead to more patient-centered care and help guide treatment decisions. New treatments with longer intervals between injections are likely to both reduce the treatment burden and improve capacity in ophthalmology clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gudrun Reitan
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | | | - Ragnheidur Bragadottir
- Department of Ophthalmology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institute for Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Döblin S, Seefeld L, Weise V, Kopp M, Knappe S, Asselmann E, Martini J, Garthus-Niegel S. The impact of mode of delivery on parent-infant-bonding and the mediating role of birth experience: a comparison of mothers and fathers within the longitudinal cohort study DREAM. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2023; 23:285. [PMID: 37098555 PMCID: PMC10127505 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-023-05611-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association between mode of delivery (MOD) and parent-infant-bonding has only been studied in mothers and findings have been inconclusive. The aim of this study was to prospectively investigate how MOD relates to postpartum parent-infant-bonding in both mothers and fathers and whether these associations are mediated by birth experience. METHODS This study is part of the prospective cohort study "Dresden Study on Parenting, Work, and Mental Health" (DREAM). Our sample comprised N = 1,780 participants who completed quantitative questionnaires during pregnancy as well as 8 weeks and 14 months postpartum. MOD was dummy coded, contrasting spontaneous vaginal delivery against vaginal delivery induced by drugs, operative vaginal delivery, planned, and unplanned cesarean section. Parent-infant bonding and birth experience were assessed using validated scales. A moderated mediation analysis based on ordinary least square (OLS) regression and bootstrapped estimates was conducted, considering relevant confounding variables. RESULTS Compared to spontaneous vaginal delivery, all categories of MOD predicted more negative birth experiences in both parents. A more positive birth experience predicted stronger parent-infant-bonding at 8 weeks, but not at 14 months postpartum. Mothers who delivered via cesarean section (planned or unplanned) reported stronger parent-infant-bonding at 8 weeks and 14 months postpartum. In fathers, only unplanned cesarean section was associated with stronger parent-infant-bonding at 8 weeks postpartum. At 8 weeks postpartum, birth experience mediated the association between a vaginal delivery induced by drugs and a planned cesarean section and mother-infant-bonding and between a vaginal delivery induced by drugs, an operative vaginal delivery, and planned cesarean section and father-infant-bonding. At 14 months postpartum, birth experience mediated the association between a vaginal delivery induced by drugs, operative vaginal delivery, and planned cesarean section and parent-infant-bonding in both parents. CONCLUSIONS The results emphasize the importance of the birth experience for parent-infant-bonding in both mothers and fathers. Further research should address the mechanisms by which parents with an unplanned cesarean section establish stronger parent-infant-bonding compared to parents whose baby was delivered via spontaneous vaginal delivery, despite their overall more negative birth experiences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svenja Döblin
- Institute and Policlinic of Occupational and Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Lara Seefeld
- Institute and Policlinic of Occupational and Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Department of Psychotherapy and Psychosomatic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Victoria Weise
- Institute and Policlinic of Occupational and Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Marie Kopp
- Institute and Policlinic of Occupational and Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Susanne Knappe
- Evangelische Hochschule Dresden (Ehs), University of Applied Sciences for Social Work, Education and Nursing, Dresden, Germany
| | - Eva Asselmann
- Faculty of Health, HMU Health and Medical University, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Julia Martini
- Institute of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry & Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Carl Gustav Carus University Hospital, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Susan Garthus-Niegel
- Institute and Policlinic of Occupational and Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
- Institute for Systems Medicine (ISM), Faculty of Medicine, Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.
- Department of Childhood and Families, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway.
- Institute and Outpatient Clinics of Occupational and Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine of the Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany.
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Hartner-Tiefenthaler M, Mostafa AMS, Koeszegi ST. The double-edged sword of online access to work tools outside work: The relationship with flexible working, work interrupting nonwork behaviors and job satisfaction. Front Public Health 2023; 10:1035989. [PMID: 36777783 PMCID: PMC9909101 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1035989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Information and communication technologies (ICTs) provide employees with online access to work tools outside work (OAWT), which can be seen as a double-edged sword fostering positive as well as negative aspects of flexibility. In our study, we investigated how OAWT relates to different forms of flexible working, work interrupting nonwork behaviors and job satisfaction. Method We used a randomized sample of 758 Austrian employees from a broad range of organizations and tested the hypotheses by means of structural equation modeling. Results Our findings revealed that OAWT is associated with available flexibility which relates positively to job satisfaction. However, at the same time, it is associated with required flexibility which relates negatively to job satisfaction and positively to work interrupting nonwork behaviors. OAWT has also been found to strengthen the positive relationship between required temporal flexibility and work interrupting nonwork behaviors, and attenuated the negative relationship between required temporal flexibility and job satisfaction. Implications We discuss the practical implications and develop recommendations on how organizations should deal with OAWT.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ahmed Mohammed Sayed Mostafa
- Leeds University Business School, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom,Faculty of Commerce, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
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Hoffmann K, Kopciuch D, Bońka A, Michalak M, Bryl W, Kus K, Nowakowska E, Zaprutko T, Ratajczak P, Paczkowska A. The Mental Health of Poles during the COVID-19 Pandemic. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:ijerph20032000. [PMID: 36767366 PMCID: PMC9914975 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20032000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The SARS-Cov-2 pandemic has had a profound impact on all aspects of life in the global population, causing above other, psychological problems. AIMS The objective of this study was to evaluate the mental health of the Poles during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS A prospective, cross-sectional web-based survey design was adopted. The study horizon was from 1 June 2021, to 31 December 2021. An anonymous, standardized questionnaire was disseminated electronically by means of social media among Polish adults. The following tests were performed: Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21), and the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI). RESULTS A total of 1306 individuals completed the survey. Of the participants, 77.79% were female at a mean age of 34.89 ± (14.79), 62.25% had higher education, and 56.43% were employed. The prevalence of depression, anxiety, stress, and sleep disturbances in this sample were as follows: 50.38%, 43.49%, 61.26%, and 44.74%, respectively. Poor self-estimated health status, the presence of comorbidities, and regular use of nicotine significantly increased the risk of any of the analyzed psychiatric symptoms and sleep disorders. The depression level was significantly associated with age, living alone, health status, and the use of nicotine. Moreover, the level of anxiety was significantly associated with age and health status. The level of stress depended on gender, age, health status, use of nicotine, and being vaccinated against SARS-CoV-2. Sleep disturbances depended on age, health status, the presence of comorbidities, and regular use of drugs. CONCLUSIONS The Polish population manifested numerous psychological symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic. There is a need to afford psychological support to them and ensure their mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Hoffmann
- Department of Internal Diseases, Metabolic Disorders and Arterial Hypertension, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-572 Poznań, Poland
| | - Dorota Kopciuch
- Department of Pharmacoeconomics and Social Pharmacy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-806 Poznań, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Bońka
- Department of Pharmacoeconomics and Social Pharmacy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-806 Poznań, Poland
| | - Michał Michalak
- Department of Computer Science and Statistics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-806 Poznań, Poland
| | - Wiesław Bryl
- Department of Internal Diseases, Metabolic Disorders and Arterial Hypertension, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-572 Poznań, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Kus
- Department of Pharmacoeconomics and Social Pharmacy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-806 Poznań, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Nowakowska
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Health Sciences, Collegium Medicum, University of Zielona Góra, 65-516 Zielona Góra, Poland
| | - Tomasz Zaprutko
- Department of Pharmacoeconomics and Social Pharmacy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-806 Poznań, Poland
| | - Piotr Ratajczak
- Department of Pharmacoeconomics and Social Pharmacy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-806 Poznań, Poland
| | - Anna Paczkowska
- Department of Pharmacoeconomics and Social Pharmacy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-806 Poznań, Poland
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The association between substance use and subsequent employment among students: prospective findings from the CONSTANCES cohort. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2023; 58:249-266. [PMID: 36053312 PMCID: PMC9437401 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-022-02357-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine prospectively associations between substance use and subsequent employment among young students. METHODS From the French population-based CONSTANCES cohort, 1427 students who never worked were included between 2012 and 2018 and followed up for 2.1 years on average. Generalized estimating equations computed the odds of being unemployed versus employed according to substance use at baseline controlling for sociodemographic factors and depressive state. Tobacco use (smoking status and number of cigarettes), cannabis use frequency, and at-risk alcohol use according to the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (total score > 7) were introduced separately in the models. RESULTS Tobacco use was not significantly associated with employment. Cannabis use at least weekly was associated with increased odds of being unemployed OR 1.73 (1.16-2.57). At-risk alcohol use was no longer significantly associated with employment after adjustment for depressive state, while analyses on sub-scores of alcohol use suggested that alcohol dependence was associated with increased odds of being unemployed OR 1.65 (1.16-2.34). CONCLUSION Public health campaigns targeting youth should include lower chances of getting employed among the detrimental roles of regular cannabis use and at-risk alcohol use.
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Brym S, Mack JT, Weise V, Kopp M, Steudte-Schmiedgen S, Garthus-Niegel S. Mental health of working parents during the COVID-19 pandemic: can resilience buffer the impact of psychosocial work stress on depressive symptoms? BMC Public Health 2022; 22:2426. [PMID: 36567325 PMCID: PMC9790816 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-14582-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic has confronted working parents with an accumulation of stressors regarding changes in work, family, and social life, putting their mental health at risk. Stressors include altered working conditions such as working from home or changes in working hours as well as the difficulty to reconcile work and childcare due to the closure of childcare facilities. The present study examined the relationship of psychosocial work stress (i.e., work-privacy conflict and effort-reward imbalance at work) and depressive symptoms in working parents and whether this association was moderated by individual resilience. METHODS Data of the present study (n = 452) were collected in Germany between May and June 2020 as part of the DREAMCORONA study. A subsample of working mothers (n = 191) and fathers (n = 261) completed the subscale for work-privacy conflict (WPC) of the Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire, the Effort-Reward Imbalance (ERI) Questionnaire, the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC), and the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). Multiple linear regression analyses including moderation were performed, controlling for gender, working hours per week, and a lifetime history of depression as potential confounders. RESULTS Both WPC (β = 0.336, p < .001) and ERI (β = 0.254, p < .001) were significantly associated with depressive symptoms. Resilience moderated the relationship between ERI and depressive symptoms (β = - 0.101, p = .018), indicating that higher resilience weakened the relationship. However, this effect was not found regarding the relationship between WPC and depressive symptoms (β = 0.055, p = .167). CONCLUSIONS The results highlight the need for measures to reduce psychosocial work stressors such as WPC and ERI during the COVID-19 pandemic on the one hand and to promote resilience on the other hand. The findings partially support the potential protective role of resilience buffering the association between psychosocial stress and mental health in working parents. Longitudinal studies are needed to confirm this effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Brym
- grid.4488.00000 0001 2111 7257Institute and Policlinic of Occupational and Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Judith T. Mack
- grid.4488.00000 0001 2111 7257Institute and Policlinic of Occupational and Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Victoria Weise
- grid.4488.00000 0001 2111 7257Institute and Policlinic of Occupational and Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Marie Kopp
- grid.4488.00000 0001 2111 7257Institute and Policlinic of Occupational and Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Susann Steudte-Schmiedgen
- grid.4488.00000 0001 2111 7257Department of Psychotherapy and Psychosomatic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Susan Garthus-Niegel
- grid.4488.00000 0001 2111 7257Institute and Policlinic of Occupational and Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany ,grid.4488.00000 0001 2111 7257Department of Psychotherapy and Psychosomatic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany ,grid.461732.5Institute for Systems Medicine and Faculty of Human Medicine, MSH Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany ,grid.418193.60000 0001 1541 4204Department of Childhood and Families, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
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11
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Paul SS, Khalatbari-Soltani S, Dolja-Gore X, Clemson L, Lord SR, Harvey L, Tiedemann A, Close JCT, Sherrington C. Fall-related health service use in Stepping On programme participants and matched controls: a non-randomised observational trial within the 45 and Up Study. Age Ageing 2022; 51:6931847. [PMID: 36580389 PMCID: PMC9799214 DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afac272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Falls and fall-related health service use among older adults continue to increase. The New South Wales Health Department, Australia, is delivering the Stepping On fall prevention programme at scale. We compared fall-related health service use in Stepping On participants and matched controls. METHODS A non-randomised observational trial was undertaken using 45 and Up Study data. 45 and Up Study participants who did and did not participate in Stepping On were extracted in a 1:4 ratio. Rates of fall-related health service use from linked routinely collected data were compared between participants and controls over time using multilevel Poisson regression models with adjustment for the minimally sufficient set of confounders identified from a directed acyclic graph. RESULTS Data from 1,452 Stepping On participants and 5,799 controls were analysed. Health service use increased over time and was greater in Stepping On participants (rate ratios (RRs) 1.47-1.82) with a spike in use in the 6 months prior to programme participation. Significant interactions indicated differential patterns of health service use in participants and controls: stratified analyses revealed less fall-related health service use in participants post-programme compared to pre-programme (RRs 0.32-0.48), but no change in controls' health service use (RRs 1.00-1.25). Gender was identified to be a significant effect modifier for health service use (P < 0.05 for interaction). DISCUSSION Stepping On appeared to mitigate participants' rising fall-related health service use. Best practice methods were used to maximise this study's validity, but cautious interpretation of results is required given its non-randomised nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serene S Paul
- Address correspondence to: Serene S. Paul, Susan Wakil Health Building (D18), Western Ave, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. Tel.: +61 2 9036 0477;
| | - Saman Khalatbari-Soltani
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia,ARC Centre of Excellence in Population Aging Research (CEPAR), The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Xenia Dolja-Gore
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Lindy Clemson
- Sydney School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Stephen R Lord
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, NSW, Australia,School of Population Health, UNSW, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - Lara Harvey
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, NSW, Australia,School of Population Health, UNSW, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - Anne Tiedemann
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia,Institute for Musculoskeletal Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Jacqueline C T Close
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, NSW, Australia,Prince of Wales Hospital, SESLHD, Randwick NSW, Australia
| | - Cathie Sherrington
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia,Institute for Musculoskeletal Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
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12
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Torp S, Bergheim LTJ. Working environment, work engagement and mental health problems among occupational and physical therapists. Scand J Occup Ther 2022; 30:505-519. [PMID: 36525281 DOI: 10.1080/11038128.2022.2154261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Working environment, work engagement and health among occupational and physical therapists in Norway have rarely been investigated. OBJECTIVES (1) To compare the psychosocial working environment, work engagement and mental health problems of occupational therapists with those of physical therapists; (2) to compare the same measures among occupational therapists working in the specialist and municipal healthcare services, respectively; and (3) to identify job demands and resources that influence the work engagement and mental health problems of occupational therapists. MATERIAL AND METHODS The Survey for Health Promoting Workplaces was used to collect data from 170 occupational therapists and 273 physical therapists (response rate =35%) working in specialist and municipal health care in Norway. Student's t-test, Pearson correlations and multiple regression analysis were used. RESULTS Occupational therapists experienced higher job demands and poorer health than physical therapists. Occupational therapists in the municipal healthcare services were slightly more satisfied with their job resources than colleagues in specialist healthcare services. Meaningful work and the opportunity to use one's strengths and potential contributed the most to high work engagement. Low work engagement was the most important contributor to poor mental health. CONCLUSION AND SIGNIFICANCE The mental health of occupational therapists seems to be closely related to the opportunity to perform high-quality therapy. It is important that work is organised so that occupational therapists have meaningful work tasks and opportunity to use their strengths and potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Torp
- Research Group for Health Promotion in Settings, Department of Health, Social and Welfare Studies, University of South-Eastern Norway, Borre, Norway
| | - Linn Therese Jacobsen Bergheim
- Research Group for Health Promotion in Settings, Department of Health, Social and Welfare Studies, University of South-Eastern Norway, Borre, Norway
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13
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Hartner-Tiefenthaler M, Loerinc I, Hodzic S, Kubicek B. Development and validation of a scale to measure team communication behaviors. Front Psychol 2022; 13:961732. [PMID: 36571047 PMCID: PMC9775872 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.961732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction With the COVID-19 pandemic, remote work was increased all over the globe. As a consequence, workers had to adapt their communication behaviors to smoothly coordinate work in their flexible teams (i.e., when team members divide work between the office and their homes). Drawing on relational coordination theory, we constructed and validated a scale to capture the most relevant team communication behaviors. Methods We employed interviews and focus groups to construct the scale, refined the scale based on three samples with employees working flexibly and finally validated the scale with 130 teams from diverse organizations. Results Our scale comprises three dimensions: focused communication, knowledge sharing and spontaneous communication. All three dimensions showed convergent validity with team planning and discriminant validity with time-spatial flexibility. Also, predictive validity with collective efficacy and team viability was achieved for focused communication and knowledge sharing. Spontaneous communication only predicted collective efficacy, but not team viability. Discussion We conclude that the TCS is a reliable and valid measure for assessing team communication and contribute by focusing on behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Hartner-Tiefenthaler
- Institute of Management Science, Labor Science and Organization, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ivana Loerinc
- Institute of Management Science, Labor Science and Organization, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sabina Hodzic
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Psychology, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Bettina Kubicek
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Psychology, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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14
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García-Velázquez R, Kieseppä V, Lilja E, Koponen P, Skogberg N, Kuusio H. A multisource approach to health care use: concordance between register and self-reported physician visits in the foreign-born population in Finland. BMC Med Res Methodol 2022; 22:309. [PMID: 36460964 PMCID: PMC9717412 DOI: 10.1186/s12874-022-01780-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reliable information on the use of health services is important for health care planning, monitoring and policy. It is critical to assess the validity of the sources used for this purpose, including register and survey-based data. Studies on foreign-born populations' health care use have usually implemented either survey or register data. The concordance of such data among groups of different cultural background remains largely unknown. In this study, we presented an approach to examine routinely how survey and register-related characteristics may explain disagreement found between the two information sources. METHODS We linked register- and survey-based data pertaining to the Finnish Register of Primary Health Care general physician visits and the Survey on Well-Being among Foreign Born Population (FinMonik, 2018-2019), a nationally representative survey. The sample comprised n = 5,800 informants for whom registered general physician visits were tracked in the 12-month period preceding their participation in the survey. Cohen's kappa was used as measure of multisource concordance, hierarchical loglinear models for the association between single predictors and multisource discrepancy, and a logistic regression model for examining source-related predictors of source discrepancy. Survey weights were used in all sample analyses. RESULTS Source concordance was poor. When dichotomizing general physician visits (zero vs one or more), 35% of informants had reported one or more visits while none were found from register. Both register- and informant-related predictors were associated to this discrepancy (i.e. catchment area, private health care use, inability to work, region of origin and reason for migration). CONCLUSIONS We found high discrepancy between the reported and the registered physician visits among the foreign-born population in Finland, with a particularly high number of reported physician visits when none were found in the register. There was a strong association between the specific catchment area and mismatch, indicating that both register under-coverage and survey over-report are plausible and may coexist behind the discrepancy. However, associations of informant's characteristics and mismatch were less pronounced. Implications on the validity of medical information sources are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina García-Velázquez
- grid.14758.3f0000 0001 1013 0499Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Mannerheimintie 166, PL/PB/P.O. Box 30, FI-00271 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Valentina Kieseppä
- grid.14758.3f0000 0001 1013 0499Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Mannerheimintie 166, PL/PB/P.O. Box 30, FI-00271 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eero Lilja
- grid.14758.3f0000 0001 1013 0499Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Mannerheimintie 166, PL/PB/P.O. Box 30, FI-00271 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Päivikki Koponen
- grid.14758.3f0000 0001 1013 0499Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Mannerheimintie 166, PL/PB/P.O. Box 30, FI-00271 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Natalia Skogberg
- grid.14758.3f0000 0001 1013 0499Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Mannerheimintie 166, PL/PB/P.O. Box 30, FI-00271 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hannamaria Kuusio
- grid.14758.3f0000 0001 1013 0499Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Mannerheimintie 166, PL/PB/P.O. Box 30, FI-00271 Helsinki, Finland
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15
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Nomura S, Tanaka S, Eguchi A, Kawashima T, Nakamura H, Lwin KS, Yamasaki L, Yoneoka D, Tanoe Y, Adachi M, Hayabuchi H, Koganemaru S, Nishimura T, Sigel B, Uneyama H, Shibuya K. Salt intake reduction using umami substance-incorporated food: a secondary analysis of NHANES 2017-2018 data. Public Health Nutr 2022; 26:1-8. [PMID: 36453137 DOI: 10.1017/s136898002200249x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Excessive salt intake raises blood pressure and increases the risk of non-communicable diseases (NCD), such as CVD, chronic kidney disease and stomach cancer. Reducing the Na content of food is an important public health measure to control the NCD. This study quantifies the amount of salt reduced by using umami substances, i.e. glutamate, inosinate and guanylate, for adults in the USA. DESIGN The secondary data analysis was performed using data of the US nationally representative cross-sectional dietary survey, the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2017-2018. Per capita daily salt intake corresponding to the NHANES food groups was calculated in the four hypothetical scenarios of 0 %, 30 %, 60 % and 90 % market share of low-Na foods in the country. The salt reduction rates by using umami substances were estimated based on the previous study results. SETTING The USA. PARTICIPANTS 4139 individuals aged 20 years and older in the USA. RESULTS Replacing salt with umami substances could help the US adults reduce salt intake by 7·31-13·53 % (7·50-13·61 % for women and 7·18-13·53 % for men), which is equivalent to 0·61-1·13 g/d (0·54-0·98 g/d for women and 0·69-1·30 g/d for men) without compromising the taste. Approximately, 21·21-26·04 % of the US adults could keep their salt intake below 5 g/d, the WHO's recommendation in the scenario where there is no low-Na product on the market. CONCLUSIONS This study provides essential information that the use of umami substances as a substitute for salt may help reduce the US adults' salt intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhei Nomura
- Department of Global Health Policy, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Medicine, Keio University, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo160-8582, Japan
- Tokyo Foundation for Policy Research, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Prevention, National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shiori Tanaka
- Division of Prevention, National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akifumi Eguchi
- Centre for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takayuki Kawashima
- Department of Mathematical and Computing Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Kaung Suu Lwin
- Department of Global Health Policy, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Lisa Yamasaki
- Department of Global Health Policy, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- School of Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Daisuke Yoneoka
- Department of Global Health Policy, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Tokyo Foundation for Policy Research, Tokyo, Japan
- Infectious Disease Surveillance Center at the National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuta Tanoe
- Institute for Business and Finance, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Megumi Adachi
- Department of Global Health Policy, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hitomi Hayabuchi
- Graduate School of Health and Environmental Sciences, Fukuoka Women's University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shosei Koganemaru
- Department of Global Health Policy, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Byron Sigel
- Department of Global Health Policy, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Cancer Statistics Integration, Center for Cancer Control and Information Services, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
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Søgaard AJ, Aga R, Holvik K, Meyer HE. Characteristics of fallers who later sustain a hip fracture: a NOREPOS study. Osteoporos Int 2022; 33:2315-2326. [PMID: 35927464 PMCID: PMC9568442 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-022-06490-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Fall prevention programs have shown inconclusive results concerning hip fracture reduction. We found that fallers with poor health, low societal participation, and use of psychotropics/painkillers had a threefold to fivefold increased hip fracture risk compared to non-fallers without these risk factors. This may help target fall prevention towards high-risk individuals. INTRODUCTION To investigate whether self-reported information on health, societal participation, and drug use in older people, easily obtainable by health care providers, contribute to predict future hip fracture beyond self-reported falls. METHODS We used data from 3801 women and 6439 men aged 70-79 years participating in population-based studies in five counties in Norway 2000-2003. Height and weight were measured. Socioeconomic status, lifestyle, health status, and history of falling were self-reported through questionnaires. Falls last year were dichotomized into one or more versus no falls. Hip fractures were identified by linkage to hospital data with follow-up through 2013. Hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for hip fracture by combinations of risk factors with history of falling were estimated using Cox proportional hazards regression. RESULTS More women (32.4%) than men (27.7%) reported one or more falls during the previous year, and 17.9% of women (n = 682) and 8.9% of men (n = 572) suffered a hip fracture during median 11.6 years of follow-up. Poor health, low societal participation, and use of psychotropics/analgesics among fallers were strong predictors of hip fracture. The presence of all three risk factors and history of falling was associated with HR 2.92 (95% CI 2.10-4.05) for hip fracture in women and HR 4.60 (95% CI 2.71-7.81) in men compared to non-fallers without these factors. CONCLUSION Our study indicates that self-assessment of health, information about activities outside home, and drug use among fallers far better identify high risk of hip fracture in older people than information about falls alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Johanne Søgaard
- Department of Physical Health and Ageing, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ruth Aga
- Department of Physical Health and Ageing, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway.
- Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Kristin Holvik
- Department of Physical Health and Ageing, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Haakon E Meyer
- Department of Physical Health and Ageing, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Community Medicine and Global Health, Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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17
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Træen B, Fischer N, Grøndahl P. Norwegian Data on Prevalence, Sexual Risk Behaviors, Sexual Problems, and Sexual Satisfaction in Women Who Have Sex Exclusively with Women, Women Who Have Sex Exclusively with Men, and Women Who Have Sex with Men and Women. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SEXUAL HEALTH : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE WORLD ASSOCIATION FOR SEXUAL HEALTH 2022; 35:152-166. [PMID: 38596766 PMCID: PMC10903604 DOI: 10.1080/19317611.2022.2137267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Objective The study explores the difference between Women Who Have Sex Exclusively with Men (WSEM), Women Who Have Sex Exclusively with Women (WSEW), and Women Who Have Sex with Women and Men (WSWM). Method The data were obtained from a survey of a probability-based web sample of 1967 Norwegian women. Results Most WSWM identified themselves as heterosexuals (76.3%), and three out of 10 used a condom when having sex with a new partner. The highest number of sex partners during the last year was reported by WSWM. More WSEW than the other categories reported premature orgasm. Conclusions WSWM should be targeted in health campaigns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bente Træen
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Nantje Fischer
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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18
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Traeen B, Fischer N, Grøndahl P. Norwegian Data on Prevalence, Sexual Risk Behaviors, Sexual Problems, and Sexual Satisfaction in Men Who Have Sex Exclusively with Women, Men Who Have Sex Exclusively with Men, and Men Who Have Sex with Men and Women. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SEXUAL HEALTH : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE WORLD ASSOCIATION FOR SEXUAL HEALTH 2022; 34:702-715. [PMID: 38596394 PMCID: PMC10903632 DOI: 10.1080/19317611.2022.2126056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Objective: This study investigates how men who have sex exclusively with women (MSEW) differ from men who have sex exclusively with men (MSEM), and men who have sex with men and women (MSMW) on selected variables. Methods: A probability-based web sample of 2,181 men was recruited. Results: Most MSEM considered their sexual identity as gay, and most MSMW as heterosexual. The MSEM were the most frequent condom users, while MSMW were the least frequent users and had the highest number of sexual partners. The MSEM and MSMW had a lower likelihood of premature ejaculation than MSEW. Conclusions: MSMW should be targeted in health campaigns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bente Traeen
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Nantje Fischer
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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19
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Træen B, Kvalem IL. Gender Differences in Sending Nude Pictures and Videos Across Multiple Relationship Contexts in the Adult Norwegian Population. SEXUALITY & CULTURE 2022; 27:570-590. [PMID: 36211529 PMCID: PMC9526388 DOI: 10.1007/s12119-022-10028-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This article aims to determine the prevalence of sending nude pictures/videos in the Norwegian population and investigates gender differences regarding consensual, unsolicited, and coerced experiences. Data were obtained from a probability-based web survey of 2181 men and 1967 women between 18 and 89 years old. The majority of participants expressed relatively accepting attitudes toward sending nude pictures/videos, and men expressed more positive attitudes than women. Twenty-nine percent of participants reported having lifetime experience with sending nude pictures/videos, and sending nude pictures/videos was more common in younger individuals than older individuals. More women than men claimed that they sent their most recent nude picture to a committed partner, and twice as many men than women had sent a nude picture to a stranger or a person they only had contact with on the Internet. In addition, more than twice as many women than men reported consensual sending nude pictures/videos, and more men than women sent unsolicited pictures/videos. Consensual sending nude pictures/videos was characterized by the presence of men and women within committed relationships. In Norway, sending nude pictures/videos seems to be a way of being sexual in the context of committed relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bente Træen
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Box 1094 Blindern, 0317 Oslo, Norway
| | - Ingela Lundin Kvalem
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Box 1094 Blindern, 0317 Oslo, Norway
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20
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Hartner-Tiefenthaler M, Zedlacher E, el Sehity TJ. Remote workers’ free associations with working from home during the COVID-19 pandemic in Austria: The interaction between children and gender. Front Psychol 2022; 13:859020. [PMID: 35996573 PMCID: PMC9391219 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.859020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Empirical evidence from the COVID-19 pandemic shows that women carried the major burden of additional housework in families. In a mixed-methods study, we investigate female and male remote workers’ experiences of working from home (WFH) during the pandemic. We used the free association technique to uncover remote workers’ representations about WFH (i.e., workers’ reflection of subjective experiences). Based on a sample of 283 Austrian remote workers cohabitating with their intimate partners our findings revealed that in line with traditional social roles, men and women in parent roles are likely to experience WFH differently: Mothers’ representations about WFH emphasize perceived incompatibility between the work and non-work sphere whereas fathers’ representations highlight work-family facilitation of WFH. However, gender differences were also prevalent for women and men without children: Women seem to particularly benefit from more concentration at home, whereas men consider WFH as more efficient, practical and leading to less work. Thus, our findings imply that gender affected perceptions of WFH during the pandemic independently from children, but children seemed to increase the existing burden, in particular for women. To conclude, WFH can generally be seen as an enabler to reduce work-life/family conflict for both women and men, but bears different challenges based on the contextual (family) situation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Hartner-Tiefenthaler
- Labor Science and Organization, Institute of Management Science, TU Wien, Vienna, Austria
- *Correspondence: Martina Hartner-Tiefenthaler,
| | - Eva Zedlacher
- Department of Business and Management, Webster Vienna Private University, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tarek Josef el Sehity
- Institute of Business and Economic Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Sigmund Freud Private University, Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Cognitive Sciences and Technologies, Italian National Research Council, Rome, Italy
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21
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Øverup CS, Lehane CM, Hald GM. The "In It Together" digital intervention to treat distress among older adults with sensory loss and their spouses: Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial study. Internet Interv 2022; 29:100557. [PMID: 35910689 PMCID: PMC9326323 DOI: 10.1016/j.invent.2022.100557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Sensory impairment is common in older age and may be associated with intra- and interpersonal struggles. Treatment and intervention efforts may be hampered by functional difficulties or unwillingness to receive face-to-face mental health services. The current study seeks to assess the efficacy of an online psychological intervention for older adults with sensory loss and their spouses in Denmark, using a two-arm, parallel-group, randomized controlled trial study design. Participants will be randomly assigned to the intervention group or waiting list control group. The intervention consists of four digital, sequential modules that contain psychoeducation and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy inspired therapeutic activities. Individuals will be assessed at baseline, 6 weeks, and 10 weeks post-baseline, and for the intervention group only, at 18-weeks. The outcomes are well-being (primary), relationship satisfaction (secondary), and depressive symptoms (tertiary). The data will be analyzed using multilevel modeling to account for non-independence of data (nesting within participant and within couple). This is the first randomized controlled trial study of an online psychological intervention for older adults with sensory loss and their spouses and it will provide valuable knowledge regarding whether internet-delivered intervention is effective for this population group.
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22
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Rania N, Coppola I, Brucci M, Lagomarsino F. Attitudes and Beliefs of the Italian Population towards COVID-19 Vaccinations. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19106139. [PMID: 35627676 PMCID: PMC9141803 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19106139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: Despite the numerous campaigns to encourage vaccination against COVID-19, the public debate and often conflicting information have left many individuals uncertain about the decision to make on whether or not to vaccinate. Methods: This research aims to analyze the attitudes and beliefs of the Italian population towards COVID-19 and other vaccinations through a quantitative methodology. In all, 500 adults (Age M = 39.52) participated in this exploratory study with an online questionnaire conducted in April 2021. Results: most participants believe vaccination is necessary to defeat COVID-19; there is an age-related difference in getting vaccinations, and women were more afraid of unexpected future effects than men; older participants have expressed a greater willingness to pay to be vaccinated against COVID-19 (4). Conclusion: In light of these results, it is necessary to pay greater attention to the perplexity and fears expressed by the population, especially women and youth, in relation to vaccinations; in fact, it would help to achieve a wider adherence to the tools designed to contain the spread of viruses at the base of severe health crises.
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Lofterød T, Frydenberg H, Veierød MB, Jenum AK, Reitan JB, Wist EA, Thune I. The influence of metabolic factors and ethnicity on breast cancer risk, treatment and survival: The Oslo ethnic breast cancer study. Acta Oncol 2022; 61:649-657. [PMID: 35348396 DOI: 10.1080/0284186x.2022.2053573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer risk remains higher in high-income compared with low-income countries. However, it is unclear to what degree metabolic factors influence breast cancer development in women 30 years after immigration from low- to a high-incidence country. METHODS Using Cox regression models, we studied the association between pre-diagnostic metabolic factors and breast cancer development, and whether this association varied by ethnicity among 13,802 women participating in the population-based Oslo Ethnic Breast Cancer Study. Ethnic background was assessed and pre-diagnostic metabolic factors (body mass index, waist:hip ratio, serum lipids and blood pressure) were measured. A total of 557 women developed invasive breast cancer, and these women were followed for an additional 7.7 years. RESULTS Among women with an unfavorable metabolic profile, women from south Asia, compared with western European women, had a 2.3 times higher breast cancer risk (HR 2.30, 95% CI 1.18-4.49). Compared with the western European women, the ethnic minority women were more likely to present with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) (OR 2.11, 95% CI 0.97-4.61), and less likely to complete all courses of planned taxane treatment (OR 0.26, 95% CI 0.08-0.82). Among TNBC women, above-median triglycerides:HDL-cholesterol (>0.73) levels, compared with below-median triglycerides:HDL-cholesterol (≤0.73) levels, was associated with 2.9 times higher overall mortality (HR 2.88, 95% CI 1.02-8.11). CONCLUSIONS Our results support the importance of metabolic factors when balancing breast cancer prevention and disease management among all women, and in particular among non-western women migrating from a breast cancer low-incidence to a high-incidence country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trygve Lofterød
- Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål, Norway
| | - Hanne Frydenberg
- Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål, Norway
| | - Marit B Veierød
- Oslo Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Department of Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anne Karen Jenum
- General Practice Research Unit (AFE), Department of General Practice, Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jon B Reitan
- Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål, Norway
| | - Erik A Wist
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Inger Thune
- Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Services, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Oslo, Norway
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Seefeld L, Mojahed A, Thiel F, Schellong J, Garthus-Niegel S. Preferences and Barriers to Counseling for and Treatment of Intimate Partner Violence, Depression, Anxiety, and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Among Postpartum Women: Study Protocol of the Cross-Sectional Study INVITE. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:836350. [PMID: 35422719 PMCID: PMC9001846 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.836350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The cross-sectional study INVITE (INtimate partner VIolence care and Treatment prEferences in postpartum women) aims to examine treatment and counseling preferences and barriers in relation to the experience of intimate partner violence (IPV), depression and anxiety, and (childbirth-related) posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among postpartum women in Dresden, Germany. Currently, the INVITE study consists of an interim sample of N = 1,787 participants with n = 891 completed interviews. Recruitment is ongoing, targeting a community sample of at least N = 4,000 women who complete various quantitative questionnaires via telephone interviews at 3-4 months postpartum. The differences in rates of IPV, postpartum depression and anxiety, and/or (childbirth-related) PTSD as well as treatment and counseling preferences and barriers between affected and non-affected women will be assessed. Further, predisposing variables, past and present stress exposure, enabling resources, as well as past and present health will be examined as predictors of service preferences and barriers. In this study protocol, the theoretical background, methods, as well as preliminary results regarding sociodemographic characteristics and birth-related factors of the interim sample are presented and discussed in terms of their socio-political relevance. Simultaneously assessing IPV, postpartum depression and anxiety, and (childbirth-related) PTSD will facilitate exploring comorbidities and concomitant special needs of affected women. Results of the INVITE study will therefore set the ground for well-aimed development and improvement of treatment and counseling services for the respective target groups by informing health care professionals and policy makers about specific preferences and barriers to treatment. This will yield the possibility to tailor services to the needs of postpartum women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Seefeld
- Department of Psychotherapy and Psychosomatic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Institute and Policlinic of Occupational and Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Amera Mojahed
- Institute and Policlinic of Occupational and Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Freya Thiel
- Institute and Policlinic of Occupational and Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Institute for Systems Medicine (ISM), Faculty of Medicine, Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Julia Schellong
- Department of Psychotherapy and Psychosomatic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Susan Garthus-Niegel
- Institute and Policlinic of Occupational and Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Institute for Systems Medicine (ISM), Faculty of Medicine, Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Child Health and Development, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
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Rania N, Coppola I. The Fear of Contagion and the Attitude Toward the Restrictive Measures Imposed to Face COVID-19 in Italy: The Psychological Consequences Caused by the Pandemic One Year After It Began. Front Psychol 2022; 13:805706. [PMID: 35282266 PMCID: PMC8907923 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.805706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The pandemic nature of COVID-19 has caused major changes in health, economy, and society globally. Albeit to a lesser extent, contingent access to shops and places to socialize the imposition of social distancing and the use of indoor masks is measures still in force today (more than a year after the start of the pandemic), with repercussions on economic, social, and psychological levels. The fear of contagion, in fact, has led us to be increasingly suspicious and to isolate ourselves from the remainder of the community. This has had repercussions on the perception of loneliness, with significant psychological consequences, such as the development of stress, anxiety, and, in extreme cases, depressive symptoms. Starting from these assumptions, this research was developed with the aim of deepening the perceptions that the participants have of their own mental health, loneliness, fear linked to contagion, and attitudes toward imposed social distancing. In particular, we wanted to analyze whether there is a relationship between perceived fear and the perceived level of mental health, loneliness, and attitude toward social distancing. Finally, we wanted to analyze whether there are differences related to gender, age, marital status, current working mode, and educational qualifications. The research, performed after the diffusion of the vaccination in Italy, lasted 14 days. The participants were 500 Italians who voluntarily joined the study and were recruited with random cascade sampling. The research followed a quantitative approach. The analyzed data, from participants residing throughout the national territory, allow us to return the picture of the perceptions that Italians have of the fear of contagion, of their level of mental health, of loneliness and of their attitude toward social distancing. In particular, the data show that fear of COVID-19 is an emotional state experienced by the entire population and that young people have suffered more from loneliness and have been less inclined to accept the imposed social distancing. The data that emerged should make policymakers reflect on the need to find functional strategies to combat COVID-19 or other health emergency crises whose effects do not affect the psychological wellbeing of the population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Rania
- Department of Education Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
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Heinonen N, Lallukka T, Lahti J, Pietiläinen O, Nordquist H, Mänty M, Katainen A, Kouvonen A. Working Conditions and Long-Term Sickness Absence Due to Mental Disorders: A Prospective Record Linkage Cohort Study Among 19- to 39-Year-Old Female Municipal Employees. J Occup Environ Med 2022; 64:105-114. [PMID: 34723911 PMCID: PMC8812422 DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000002421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We examined associations between working conditions and long-term sickness absence due to mental disorders (LTSA-MD) among younger female public sector employees from different employment sectors. METHODS Survey data collected in 2017 (n = 3048) among 19- to 39-year-old female employees of the City of Helsinki, Finland, were used to examine job demands, job control, physical workload, computer work, and covariates. Register data on LTSA-MD were used over 1-year follow-up. Negative binomial regression models were applied. RESULTS Adverse psychosocial and physical working conditions were associated with higher LTSA-MD during the follow-up. Health and social care workers had the highest number of days of LTSA-MD. CONCLUSION Working conditions are important factors when aiming to prevent LTSA-MD among younger employees, in the health and social care sector in particular.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noora Heinonen
- Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Helsinki, Finland (Heinonen, Dr Nordquist, Dr Katainen, and Dr Kouvonen); Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland (Dr Olli, Dr Nordquist, and Dr Mänty); South-Eastern Finland University of Applied Sciences, Kotka, Finland (Dr Nordquist); Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland; and Unit of strategy and research, City of Vantaa, Vantaa, Finland (Dr Mänty); Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, UK (Dr Kouvonen)
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Prospective associations between prepartum physical activity, birth experience, and maternal depressive symptoms in the postpartum period: Insights from the population-based DREAM cohort study. J Affect Disord 2022; 297:366-374. [PMID: 34715172 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.10.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aims to examine whether physical activity (PA) before and during pregnancy and birth experience predict incident postpartum depressive (PPD) symptoms. Because PA may increase endurance and feelings of physical control, it may contribute to a positive birth experience and birth experience may mediate the association between PA before and during pregnancy and PPD symptoms. METHODS The study is part of the prospective-longitudinal cohort study "Dresden Study on Parenting, Work, and Mental Health" (DREAM). Participants were n = 1,254 (expectant) mothers. PA was assessed during pregnancy, birth experience and PPD symptoms 8 weeks postpartum. Multiple regression analyses were performed, including potential confounders. RESULTS A negative birth experience was linked to PPD symptoms, when controlling for relevant confounders. There was no evidence for a link between PA before and during pregnancy and birth experience or between PA during pregnancy and PPD symptoms. PA at low and at vigorous intensity before pregnancy was associated with PPD symptoms, but not when controlling for confounders. Because PA was not associated with birth experience, no mediation analysis was performed. LIMITATIONS The current sample was relatively homogenous (i.e., mostly German native speakers, primiparous, highly educated). Birth experience was assessed retrospectively at 8 weeks following birth. CONCLUSIONS Our results highlight the importance of the birth experience in the development of PPD symptoms. Promoting a positive birth experience represents a promising approach to prevent PPD symptoms. Further research on the association between PA and PPD symptoms is warranted.
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Wathelet M, Vincent C, Fovet T, Notredame CE, Habran E, Martignène N, Baubet T, Vaiva G, D'Hondt F. Evolution in French University Students' Mental Health One Month After the First COVID-19 Related Quarantine: Results From the COSAMe Survey. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:868369. [PMID: 35592379 PMCID: PMC9110762 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.868369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The COVID-19 related quarantine had negative psychological effects among University students. Evidence from previous epidemics suggests that negative psychological effects of quarantine measures can last or even worsen after the quarantine lift. The objective of this study was to assess the evolution of students' mental health and to identify factors associated with mental health outcomes 1 month after the lift of the lockdown. MATERIALS AND METHODS This repeated cross-sectional study collected data during the first quarantine in France (T1, N = 68,891) and 1 month after its lift (T2, N = 22,540), through an online questionnaire sent to all French University students. Using cross-sectional data, we estimated prevalence rates of suicidal thoughts, severe anxiety (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, State subscale), depression (Beck Depression Inventory), and stress (Perceived Stress Scale) at T1 and T2. Using longitudinal data (N = 6,346), we identified risk factors of poor mental health outcomes among sociodemographic characteristics, precariousness indicators, health-related data, information on the social environment, and media consumption, adjusting for baseline mental health status. RESULTS We found lower prevalence rates of severe stress (21.7%), anxiety (22.1%), and depression (13·9%) one month after the quarantine compared to the quarantine period (24.8%, 27.5%, and 16.1%, respectively). The prevalence rate of suicidal thoughts increased from 11.4 to 13.2%. Regardless of the existence of symptoms during quarantine, four factors were systematically associated with poor mental health outcomes 1 month after the quarantine was lifted: female gender, a low feeling of integration before the quarantine period, a low quality of social ties during the quarantine, and a history of psychiatric follow-up. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence rates of severe stress, anxiety, and depression, although being lower than during the first lockdown, remained high after its lift. The prevalence rate of suicidal ideation increased. This stresses the need to consider the enduring psychological impact of the pandemic on students as a critical public health issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marielle Wathelet
- Univ. Lille, INSERM, Lille University Hospital (CHU de Lille), U1172-LilNCog - Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, Lille, France.,Fédération de Recherche en Psychiatrie et Santé Mentale des Hauts-de-France (F2RSM), Lille, France.,Centre National de Ressources et de Résilience Lille-Paris (CN2R), Lille, France.,Department of Psychiatry, Lille University Hospital (CHU de Lille), Lille, France
| | - Camille Vincent
- Department of Public Health, Lille University Hospital (CHU de Lille), Lille, France
| | - Thomas Fovet
- Univ. Lille, INSERM, Lille University Hospital (CHU de Lille), U1172-LilNCog - Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, Lille, France.,Centre National de Ressources et de Résilience Lille-Paris (CN2R), Lille, France.,Department of Psychiatry, Lille University Hospital (CHU de Lille), Lille, France
| | - Charles-Edouard Notredame
- Univ. Lille, INSERM, Lille University Hospital (CHU de Lille), U1172-LilNCog - Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, Lille, France.,Department of Psychiatry, Lille University Hospital (CHU de Lille), Lille, France
| | | | - Niels Martignène
- Fédération de Recherche en Psychiatrie et Santé Mentale des Hauts-de-France (F2RSM), Lille, France.,Centre National de Ressources et de Résilience Lille-Paris (CN2R), Lille, France
| | - Thierry Baubet
- Centre National de Ressources et de Résilience Lille-Paris (CN2R), Lille, France.,Department of Infant, AP-HP, Avicenne Hospital, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Sorbonne Paris Nord, Paris, France
| | - Guillaume Vaiva
- Univ. Lille, INSERM, Lille University Hospital (CHU de Lille), U1172-LilNCog - Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, Lille, France.,Centre National de Ressources et de Résilience Lille-Paris (CN2R), Lille, France.,Department of Psychiatry, Lille University Hospital (CHU de Lille), Lille, France
| | - Fabien D'Hondt
- Univ. Lille, INSERM, Lille University Hospital (CHU de Lille), U1172-LilNCog - Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, Lille, France.,Centre National de Ressources et de Résilience Lille-Paris (CN2R), Lille, France.,Department of Psychiatry, Lille University Hospital (CHU de Lille), Lille, France
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McBride E, Mase H, Kerrison RS, Marlow LAV, Waller J. Improving postal survey response using behavioural science: a nested randomised control trial. BMC Med Res Methodol 2021; 21:280. [PMID: 34922447 PMCID: PMC8684081 DOI: 10.1186/s12874-021-01476-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Systematic reviews have identified effective strategies for increasing postal response rates to questionnaires; however, most studies have isolated single techniques, testing the effect of each one individually. Despite providing insight into explanatory mechanisms, this approach lacks ecological validity, given that multiple techniques are often combined in routine practice. Methods We used a two-armed parallel randomised controlled trial (n = 2702), nested within a cross-sectional health survey study, to evaluate whether using a pragmatic combination of behavioural science and evidenced-based techniques (e.g., personalisation, social norms messaging) in a study invitation letter increased response to the survey, when compared with a standard invitation letter. Participants and outcome assessors were blinded to group assignment. We tested this in a sample of women testing positive for human papillomavirus (HPV) at cervical cancer screening in England. Results Overall, 646 participants responded to the survey (response rate [RR] = 23.9%). Logistic regression revealed higher odds of response in the intervention arm (n = 357/1353, RR = 26.4%) compared with the control arm (n = 289/1349, RR = 21.4%), while adjusting for age, deprivation, clinical site, and clinical test result (aOR = 1.30, 95% CI: 1.09–1.55). Conclusion Applying easy-to-implement behavioural science and evidence-based methods to routine invitation letters improved postal response to a health-related survey, whilst adjusting for demographic characteristics. Our findings provide support for the pragmatic adoption of combined techniques in routine research to increase response to postal surveys. Trial registration ISRCTN, ISRCTN15113095. Registered 7 May 2019 – retrospectively registered. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12874-021-01476-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily McBride
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, Institute of Epidemiology and Health Care, University College London (UCL), London, UK.
| | - Hiromi Mase
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Institute of Epidemiology and Health Care, University College London (UCL), London, UK
| | - Robert S Kerrison
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, Institute of Epidemiology and Health Care, University College London (UCL), London, UK.,School of Health Sciences, University of Surrey, Surrey, UK
| | - Laura A V Marlow
- Cancer Prevention Group, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London (KCL), London, UK
| | - Jo Waller
- Cancer Prevention Group, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London (KCL), London, UK
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Berry I, Mangtani P, Rahman M, Khan IA, Sarkar S, Naureen T, Greer AL, Morris SK, Fisman DN, Flora MS. Population Health Surveillance Using Mobile Phone Surveys in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Methodology and Sample Representativeness of a Cross-sectional Survey of Live Poultry Exposure in Bangladesh. JMIR Public Health Surveill 2021; 7:e29020. [PMID: 34766914 PMCID: PMC8663489 DOI: 10.2196/29020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Population-based health surveys are typically conducted using face-to-face household interviews in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). However, telephone-based surveys are cheaper, faster, and can provide greater access to hard-to-reach or remote populations. The rapid growth in mobile phone ownership in LMICs provides a unique opportunity to implement novel data collection methods for population health surveys. Objective This study aims to describe the development and population representativeness of a mobile phone survey measuring live poultry exposure in urban Bangladesh. Methods A population-based, cross-sectional, mobile phone survey was conducted between September and November 2019 in North and South Dhaka City Corporations (DCC), Bangladesh, to measure live poultry exposure using a stratified probability sampling design. Data were collected using a computer-assisted telephone interview platform. The call operational data were summarized, and the participant data were weighted by age, sex, and education to the 2011 census. The demographic distribution of the weighted sample was compared with external sources to assess population representativeness. Results A total of 5486 unique mobile phone numbers were dialed, with 1047 respondents completing the survey. The survey had an overall response rate of 52.2% (1047/2006) and a co-operation rate of 89.0% (1047/1176). Initial results comparing the sociodemographic profile of the survey sample to the census population showed that mobile phone sampling slightly underrepresented older individuals and overrepresented those with higher secondary education. After weighting, the demographic profile of the sample population matched well with the latest DCC census population profile. Conclusions Probability-based mobile phone survey sampling and data collection methods produced a population-representative sample with minimal adjustment in DCC, Bangladesh. Mobile phone–based surveys can offer an efficient, economic, and robust way to conduct surveillance for population health outcomes, which has important implications for improving population health surveillance in LMICs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isha Berry
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Punam Mangtani
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mahbubur Rahman
- Institute of Epidemiology, Disease Control and Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Iqbal Ansary Khan
- Institute of Epidemiology, Disease Control and Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Sudipta Sarkar
- Institute of Epidemiology, Disease Control and Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Tanzila Naureen
- Institute of Epidemiology, Disease Control and Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Amy L Greer
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Population Medicine, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Shaun K Morris
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Division of Infectious Disease and Center for Global Child Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - David N Fisman
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Scarborough R, Hardefeldt L, Browning G, Bailey K. Pet Owners and Antibiotics: Knowledge, Opinions, Expectations, and Communication Preferences. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10111326. [PMID: 34827264 PMCID: PMC8615269 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10111326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the important role of antimicrobial use in companion animals in the global challenge presented by antimicrobial resistance (AMR), very few studies have quantified pet owner factors that can contribute to suboptimal veterinary antimicrobial use. We conducted an online survey of pet owners, asking about their experiences with veterinarians, their opinions on antibiotic use and knowledge of antibiotics, and their communication preferences regarding judicious prescribing. Just over half (54%) of the 558 pet owners had received antibiotics for their pet at their last non-routine veterinary consultation and most owners were happy (83%) with the antibiotic prescribing decision of their veterinarian. A quarter (25%) indicated that they had been surprised, disappointed or frustrated when a veterinarian had not given their pet antibiotics; 15% had explicitly requested them. Owners placed a higher priority on their pet receiving the most effective treatment than on treatment being cheap or convenient. Most respondents recognized the limitations of antibiotic therapy and the risks associated with antibiotic use, but 50% believed the risks were confined to the treated animal; only a minority was aware of inter-species transfer of bacteria. Pet owners indicated that they would find judicious prescribing messages focused on the direct risks of antibiotics to their pet more compelling than those about public health. Our findings suggest that veterinary communications about responsible antibiotic use should focus on pet owners’ priorities and address or bypass their gaps in understanding regarding antibiotic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ri Scarborough
- Asia-Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; (L.H.); (G.B.); (K.B.)
- National Centre for Antimicrobial Stewardship, Peter Doherty Institute, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- Correspondence:
| | - Laura Hardefeldt
- Asia-Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; (L.H.); (G.B.); (K.B.)
- National Centre for Antimicrobial Stewardship, Peter Doherty Institute, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Glenn Browning
- Asia-Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; (L.H.); (G.B.); (K.B.)
- National Centre for Antimicrobial Stewardship, Peter Doherty Institute, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Kirsten Bailey
- Asia-Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; (L.H.); (G.B.); (K.B.)
- National Centre for Antimicrobial Stewardship, Peter Doherty Institute, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
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Does the use of telephone reminders to increase survey response rates affect outcome estimates? An ancillary analysis of a prospective cohort study of patients with low back pain. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2021; 22:893. [PMID: 34670521 PMCID: PMC8529745 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-021-04787-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Research is often undertaken using patient-reported outcomes from questionnaires. Achieving a high response rate demands expensive and time-consuming methods like telephone reminders. However, it is unknown whether telephone reminders change outcome estimates or only affect the response rate in research of populations with low back pain (LBP). The aim is to compare baseline characteristics and the change in outcome between patients responding before and after receiving a telephone reminder. Methods This is an ancillary analysis of data from a prospective cohort study employing questionnaires from 812 adults with LBP lasting more than 3 months. Patients not responding to the 52-week questionnaire were sent reminder emails after two and 3 weeks and delivered postal reminders after 4 weeks. Patients still not responding were contacted by telephone, with a maximum of two attempts. Patients were categorised into three groups: 1) patients responding before a telephone reminder was performed; 2) patients responding after the telephone reminder and 3) patients not responding at all. A positive outcome was defined as a 30% improvement on the Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire after 52 weeks. Results A total of 695 patients (85.2%) responded. Of these, 643 patients were classified in Group 1 and 52 patients were classified in Group 2. One hundred seventeen were classified in Group 3. No differences in outcome or baseline characteristics was found. In Group 1, 41.3% had a positive outcome, and in Group 2 48.9% had a positive outcome (P = 0.297). In group 3, non-respondents were younger, more often unemployed, more often smokers, more often reported co-morbidity, and reported higher depression scores than respondents. Conclusions Using a telephone reminder had no consequence on outcome estimates nor were there any differences in baseline characteristics between patients who responded before or after the telephone reminder. Trial registration The initial trial was registered in Clinicaltrials.gov (NCT03058315).
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Henaine AM, Lahoud N, Abdo R, Shdeed R, Safwan J, Akel M, Fahs I, Zeenny R, Sacre H, Hallit S, Salameh P. Knowledge of Antibiotics Use among Lebanese Adults: A study on the influence of sociodemographic characteristics. Sultan Qaboos Univ Med J 2021; 21:442-449. [PMID: 34522411 PMCID: PMC8407903 DOI: 10.18295/squmj.4.2021.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study aimed to evaluate the association between sociodemographic characteristics and antibiotic knowledge in the Lebanese population. Methods A questionnaire-based survey was conducted in community pharmacies across all Lebanese governorates. Data were collected by well-trained pharmacists through face-to-face interviews from January until March 2017. The survey tool was adapted from a questionnaire developed by the World Health Organization. A knowledge index was computed for comparative purposes and a linear regression model was performed to assess factors associated with knowledge. Results A total of 623 participants were included in the analysis of this study (response rate: 90.6%). The mean antibiotic knowledge index was 12.5 ± 3.2 (minimum score: 3 and maximum score: 19). Higher knowledge score was inversely correlated with age (r = −0.118; P = 0.003), but no gender differences were reported (females: 12.6 versus males: 12.3; P = 0.191). However, statistically significant differences were found for residence type (P = 0.002), educational level (P <0.001) and total household income categories (P <0.001). The linear regression model showed a significant association between residence type and knowledge (urban versus rural: β = 0.793; P = 0.011). Furthermore, a higher knowledge index was significantly associated with a higher income combined with higher education (additive scale/β = 1.590; P = 0.025). Finally, interactions between income and age, gender and residence type were not significant. Conclusion Individuals residing in urban areas, with combined high income and educational levels, are more knowledgeable about antibiotics use and resistance compared to other groups. More studies are needed to assess the interaction of sociodemographic interactions with health literacy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nathalie Lahoud
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon.,INSPECT-LB Institut National de Santé Publique, Épidémiologie Clinique et Toxicologie-Liban, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Rachel Abdo
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon.,INSPECT-LB Institut National de Santé Publique, Épidémiologie Clinique et Toxicologie-Liban, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ruba Shdeed
- School of Pharmacy, Lebanese International University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Jihan Safwan
- School of Pharmacy, Lebanese International University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Marwan Akel
- INSPECT-LB Institut National de Santé Publique, Épidémiologie Clinique et Toxicologie-Liban, Beirut, Lebanon.,School of Pharmacy, Lebanese International University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Iqbal Fahs
- School of Pharmacy, Lebanese International University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Rony Zeenny
- INSPECT-LB Institut National de Santé Publique, Épidémiologie Clinique et Toxicologie-Liban, Beirut, Lebanon.,Department of Pharmacy, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Hala Sacre
- INSPECT-LB Institut National de Santé Publique, Épidémiologie Clinique et Toxicologie-Liban, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Souheil Hallit
- INSPECT-LB Institut National de Santé Publique, Épidémiologie Clinique et Toxicologie-Liban, Beirut, Lebanon.,Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik (USEK), Jounieh, Lebanon.,Research Department, Psychiatric Hospital of the Cross, Jal Eddib, Lebanon
| | - Pascale Salameh
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon.,INSPECT-LB Institut National de Santé Publique, Épidémiologie Clinique et Toxicologie-Liban, Beirut, Lebanon
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Mooney A, Wijeratne C, Earl JK, Gordon J. Practise till you drop: Trialing an online intervention for late-career medical practitioners to promote planning for retirement. Internet Interv 2021; 26:100452. [PMID: 34603971 PMCID: PMC8463851 DOI: 10.1016/j.invent.2021.100452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Many medical practitioners in Australia work beyond the traditional retirement age. Transitioning to retirement is important, however, because the likelihood of poorer clinical outcomes increases with practitioner age. The objective of the present study was to develop and trial an online educational intervention to promote planning for a smoother transition to retirement using a non-randomized control group pre- and post-test design. Medical practitioners aged 55 or over (N = 262, Mage = 61.9) and working 30 or more hours per week were recruited to complete four online modules that addressed a range of topics (physical, health, financial, social, cognitive, and emotional well-being) and encouraged planning for retirement resources. Outcome measures included work centrality, mastery, and goal perceptions across the aforementioned resource domains. Eighty-one doctors completed post-training measures; a control group who completed only the measures (n = 23) and a training group (n = 58). Pre-post comparisons showed no significant changes for the control group. However, the training group at Time 2 showed lower work centrality t(57) = 2.12, (p = .036), and changes to social t(57) = 2.35, (p = .022), emotional t(57) = 3.18, (p = .002) and health goal perceptions t(57) = -2.02, (p = .049). Controlling for baseline scores and self-selection bias determinants, Generalized Linear Model (GLM) analyses indicated a training group increase in mastery scores (β = 0.87, p = .045) and decrease in negative perception of the consequence of not meeting emotional goals (β = -0.37, p = .043). Although not significant, GLM results also showed an increase in resources, three of four health goal domains and financial goals, indicating the potential for positive training effects in future applications of the program. The online retirement planning resource showed promise in promoting a sense of mastery and a reassessment of retirement plans, taking into consideration resource accumulation and goal setting across five specific goal domains. We discuss the theoretical and practical implications of our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Mooney
- Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia,Corresponding author at: Department of Psychology, Macquarie University, NSW 2109, Australia.
| | - Chanaka Wijeratne
- Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia,Sydney School of Medicine, University of Notre Dame, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Joanne Kaa Earl
- Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jill Gordon
- NSW Doctors Health Advisory Service, St Leonards, NSW, Australia
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Rissanen E, Heikkinen S, Seppä K, Ryynänen H, Eriksson JG, Härkänen T, Jousilahti P, Knekt P, Koskinen S, Männistö S, Rahkonen O, Rissanen H, Malila N, Laaksonen MA, Pitkäniemi J. Incidence trends and risk factors of lung cancer in never smokers: Pooled analyses of seven cohorts. Int J Cancer 2021; 149:2010-2019. [PMID: 34398974 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.33765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The trends in incidence of lung cancer in never smokers are unclear as well as the significance of risk factors. We studied time trends in the incidence and risk factors of lung cancer in never smokers in Finland in a large, pooled cohort. We pooled data from seven Finnish health cohorts from the period between 1972 and 2015 with 106 193 never smokers. The harmonised risk factors included education, alcohol consumption, physical activity, height and BMI. We retrieved incident lung cancers from the nation-wide Finnish Cancer Registry. We estimated average annual percent change (AAPC) and the effects of risk factors on cause-specific hazard ratios (HRs) of lung cancer using Poisson regression. We detected 47 lung cancers in never smoking men (n = 31 859) and 155 in never smoking women (n = 74 334). The AAPC of lung cancer incidence was -3.30% (95% confidence interval [CI]: -5.68% to -0.88%, P = .009) in never smoking men and 0.00% (95% CI: -1.57% to 1.60%, P = .996) in never smoking women. Of the five studied risk factors only greater height in women had a statistically significant increased risk of lung cancer (multivariate HR = 1.84, 95%CI: 1.08 to 3.12). It is plausible that tobacco control measures focused on working places have reduced passive smoking among men more than among women, which could explain the declining trend in lung cancer incidence in never smoker men but not in never smoker women. As tobacco control measures have not been targeted to domestic environments, it is likely that women's exposure to passive smoking has continued longer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Rissanen
- Institute for Statistical and Epidemiological Cancer Research, Finnish Cancer Registry, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sanna Heikkinen
- Institute for Statistical and Epidemiological Cancer Research, Finnish Cancer Registry, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Karri Seppä
- Institute for Statistical and Epidemiological Cancer Research, Finnish Cancer Registry, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Heidi Ryynänen
- Institute for Statistical and Epidemiological Cancer Research, Finnish Cancer Registry, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Johan G Eriksson
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland.,Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland.,Singapore Institute for Clinical Science, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and Human Potential Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tommi Härkänen
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pekka Jousilahti
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Paul Knekt
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Seppo Koskinen
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Satu Männistö
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ossi Rahkonen
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Harri Rissanen
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Nea Malila
- Institute for Statistical and Epidemiological Cancer Research, Finnish Cancer Registry, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Maarit A Laaksonen
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland.,School of Mathematics and Statistics, Faculty of Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Janne Pitkäniemi
- Institute for Statistical and Epidemiological Cancer Research, Finnish Cancer Registry, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Faculty of Social Sciences, Health Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
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Janssen SL, Venema-Taat N, Medlock S. Anticipated Benefits and Concerns of Sharing Hospital Outpatient Visit Notes With Patients (Open Notes) in Dutch Hospitals: Mixed Methods Study. J Med Internet Res 2021; 23:e27764. [PMID: 34383660 PMCID: PMC8387887 DOI: 10.2196/27764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The past few years have seen an increase in interest in sharing visit notes with patients. Sharing visit notes with patients is also known as "open notes." Shared notes are seen as beneficial for patient empowerment and communication, but concerns have also been raised about potential negative effects. Understanding barriers is essential to successful organizational change, but most published studies on the topic come from countries where shared notes are incentivized or legally required. OBJECTIVE We aim to gather opinions about sharing outpatient clinic visit notes from patients and hospital physicians in the Netherlands, where there is currently no policy or incentive plan for shared visit notes. METHODS This multimethodological study was conducted in an academic and a nonacademic hospital in the Netherlands. We conducted a survey of patients and doctors in March-April 2019. In addition to the survey, we conducted think-aloud interviews to gather more insight into the reasons behind participants' answers. We surveyed 350 physicians and 99 patients, and think-aloud interviews were conducted with an additional 13 physicians and 6 patients. RESULTS Most patients (81/98, 77%) were interested in viewing their visit notes, whereas most physicians (262/345, 75.9%) were opposed to allowing patients to view their visit notes. Most patients (54/90, 60%) expected the notes to be written in layman's terms, but most physicians (193/321, 60.1%) did not want to change their writing style to make it more understandable for patients. Doctors raised concerns that reading the note would make patients feel confused and anxious, that the patient would not understand the note, and that shared notes would result in more documentation time or losing a way to communicate with colleagues. Interviews also revealed concerns about documenting sensitive topics such as suspected abuse and unlikely but worrisome differential diagnoses. Physicians also raised concerns that documenting worrisome thoughts elsewhere in the record would result in fragmentation of the patient record. Patients were uncertain if they would understand the notes (46/90, 51%) and, in interviews, raised questions about security and privacy. Physicians did anticipate some benefits, such as the patients remembering the visit better, shared decision-making, and keeping patients informed, but 24% (84/350) indicated that they saw no benefit. Patients anticipated that they would remember the visit better, feel more in control, and better understand their health. CONCLUSIONS Dutch patients are interested in shared visit notes, but physicians have many concerns that should be addressed if shared notes are pursued. Physicians' concerns should be addressed before shared notes are implemented. In hospitals where shared notes are implemented, the effects should be monitored (objectively, if possible) to determine whether the concerns raised by our participants have actualized into problems and whether the anticipated benefits are being realized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon L Janssen
- Department of Medical Informatics, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- EvA Servicecentrum, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Nynke Venema-Taat
- EvA Servicecentrum, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Stephanie Medlock
- Department of Medical Informatics, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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Conscious dance: Perceived benefits and psychological well-being of participants. Complement Ther Clin Pract 2021; 44:101440. [PMID: 34260998 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctcp.2021.101440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Meta-analyses suggest that dance has potential to decrease psychological distress, increase trait mindfulness, and enhance quality of life. Conscious dance can be defined as unchoreographed, intentionally nonevaluative mindful movement commonly practiced in a group setting for purposes of authentic self-expression, self-discovery, interpersonal connectedness, and personal healing or growth. OBJECTIVE To assess perceived effects of conscious dance practice (e.g., Ecstatic Dance, 5Rhythms) and examine associations between frequency/duration of practice and psychological well-being among participants. METHODS Self-identifying adult conscious dancers completed a survey (N = 1003; mean age = 47 years; 52% from the U.S; 78% White; 73% female). RESULTS Conscious dancers with ≥5 years of practice had significantly higher trait mindfulness and life satisfaction compared to newer practitioners. More frequent practice (≥once per week) was associated with higher trait mindfulness. A strong majority of participants endorsed experiences consistent with mindfulness (i.e., feeling "more present in my body"; 99% of the sample) and psychological flow ("I felt like I was 'in the zone' or 'in the flow' of things"; 93% of the sample) during conscious dance. Among participants endorsing any of five stress-related health conditions, the majority reported therapeutic effects (i.e., that conscious dance "helped them cope" with the condition). Therapeutic effects were most consistently reported by individuals with depression or anxiety (96% endorsement), followed by those with a trauma history (95%), chronic pain (89%), and history of substance abuse or addiction (88%). For all conditions except addiction, therapeutic effects were associated with greater experiences of psychological flow during dance, and the magnitude of these effects was large (Cohen's d range: 1.0-2.3). CONCLUSION Individuals who engage in conscious dance report that these practices help them to cope with stress-related health conditions. Participants reporting longer duration or greater frequency of practice scored higher on measures of psychological well-being. The feasibility and efficacy of conscious dance for improving well-being among individuals naïve to these approaches will be important to determine in future research.
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Schaber R, Kopp M, Zähringer A, Mack JT, Kress V, Garthus-Niegel S. Paternal Leave and Father-Infant Bonding: Findings From the Population-Based Cohort Study DREAM. Front Psychol 2021; 12:668028. [PMID: 34149562 PMCID: PMC8212974 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.668028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Father-infant bonding is important for child development. Yet, in contrast to mother-infant bonding, little is known about factors that might facilitate father-infant bonding. With new generations of fathers being more involved in childcare, this study aims to examine the impact of paternal leave duration on father-infant bonding, and whether this relation is mediated by the amount of time fathers actively spend on childcare. Methods: Data of n = 637 fathers were derived from the German population-based cohort study "Dresden Study on Parenting, Work, and Mental Health" (DREAM). Mediation analyses were conducted. Duration of paternal leave (predictor), weekly hours spent on childcare (mediator), and father-infant bonding (outcome) were measured at 14 months postpartum. The potential confounders current status of paternal leave, part-time work during paternal leave, duration of solo paternal leave, age, education, and partnership satisfaction were included in a second mediation analysis. Results: Without considering confounders, duration of paternal leave positively predicted father-infant bonding through weekly hours spent on childcare. When adding confounders to the model, this indirect path did not stay significant. Moreover, in the adjusted model and on the direct path duration of paternal leave negatively predicted father-infant bonding. Additionally, partnership satisfaction positively predicted father-infant bonding. Some study variables were significantly associated with the mediator. Longer duration of paternal leave, currently being on paternal leave, younger age, and lower educational level predicted more weekly hours spent on childcare. Conclusions: Duration of paternal leave not being a stable predictor for father-infant bonding suggests that fathers, who do not have the opportunity to take long periods of paternal leave, can still form strong bonds with their infants. Other factors, for example partnership satisfaction, which might represent fathers' underlying capacity to bond, might be more crucial for father-infant bonding. At the same time, results should not be interpreted in a way that father involvement (e.g., paternal leave/time spent) does not matter for children's development. The finding that longer duration of paternal leave increases weekly hours spent on childcare supports the idea that facilitating father involvement can be achieved by paternal leave incentives such as non-transferable father months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronja Schaber
- Institute and Policlinic of Occupational and Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Marie Kopp
- Institute and Policlinic of Occupational and Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Anna Zähringer
- Institute and Policlinic of Occupational and Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Judith T Mack
- Institute and Policlinic of Occupational and Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Victoria Kress
- Institute and Policlinic of Occupational and Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Susan Garthus-Niegel
- Institute and Policlinic of Occupational and Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.,Department of Child Health and Development, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
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Jakobsen GS, Danielsen D, Jensen MP, Vinther JL, Pisinger C, Holmberg T, Krølner RF, Andersen S. Reducing smoking in youth by a smoke-free school environment: A stratified cluster randomized controlled trial of Focus, a multicomponent program for alternative high schools. Tob Prev Cessat 2021; 7:42. [PMID: 34131598 PMCID: PMC8171329 DOI: 10.18332/tpc/133934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Youth smoking remains a major challenge for public health. Socioeconomic position influences the initiation and maintenance of smoking, and alternative high school students are at particularly high risk. The school environment is an important setting to promote health, however there is a lack of evidence-based school intervention programs. This article presents the Focus study, which aims to test the implementation and effectiveness of a school-based intervention integrating1 a comprehensive school smoking policy [i.e. smoke-free school hours (SFSH)]2, a course for school staff in short motivational conversations3, school class-based teaching material4, an edutainment session5, a class-based competition, and6 access to smoking cessation support. Together these intervention components address students' acceptability of smoking, social influences, attitudes, motivation, and opportunities for smoking. The setting is alternative high schools across Denmark, and the evaluation design is based on a stratified cluster randomized controlled trial comparing the intervention group to a control group. Outcome data is collected at baseline, midway, and at the end of the intervention period. Moreover, a detailed process evaluation, using qualitative and quantitative methods, is conducted among students, teachers, and school principals. The results from this trial will provide important knowledge on the effectiveness of a smoke-free school environment. The findings will lead to a better understanding of which policies, environments, and cognitions, contribute to preventing and reducing cigarette use among young people in a diverse and high-risk school setting, and illuminate which complementary factors are significant to achieve success when implementing SFSH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gitte S Jakobsen
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Dina Danielsen
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marie P Jensen
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Johan L Vinther
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Charlotta Pisinger
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg-Frederiksberg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Teresa Holmberg
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rikke F Krølner
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Susan Andersen
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Prevalence of and factors associated with post-traumatic stress disorder among French university students 1 month after the COVID-19 lockdown. Transl Psychiatry 2021; 11:327. [PMID: 34045442 PMCID: PMC8157529 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-021-01438-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic and quarantine measures have sparked debate regarding their traumatic nature. This cross-sectional study reports the prevalence rate of probable post-traumatic stress syndrome (PTSD) and associated factors among French university students. A total of 22,883 students completed the online questionnaire. The prevalence rate of probable PTSD, assessed using the PTSD Checklist for DSM-5, was 19.5% [19.0-20.0]. Female (1.32 [1.21-1.45]) or non-binary gender (1.76 [1.35-2.31]), exposure to a non-COVID-19-related traumatic event (3.37 [3.08-3.67]), having lived through quarantine alone (1.22 [1.09-1.37]), poor quality of social ties (2.38 [2.15-2.62]), loss of income (1.20 [1.09-1.31]), poor quality housing (1.90 [1.59-2.26]), low-quality of the information received (1.50 [1.35-1.66]) and a high level of exposure to COVID-19 (from 1.38 [1.24-1.54] to 10.82 [2.33-76.57] depending on the score) were associated with PTSD. Quarantine was considered potentially traumatic by 78.8% of the students with probable PTSD. These findings suggest the pandemic context and lockdown measures could have post-traumatic consequences, stimulating debate on the nosography of PTSD.
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Clarsen B, Skogen JC, Nilsen TS, Aarø LE. Revisiting the continuum of resistance model in the digital age: a comparison of early and delayed respondents to the Norwegian counties public health survey. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:730. [PMID: 33858376 PMCID: PMC8048233 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-10764-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The continuum of resistance model’s premise is that delayed respondents to a survey are more similar to non-respondents than early respondents are. For decades, survey researchers have applied this model in attempts to evaluate and adjust for non-response bias. Despite a recent resurgence in the model’s popularity, its value has only been assessed in one large online population health survey. Methods Respondents to the Norwegian Counties Public Health Survey in Hordaland, Norway, were divided into three groups: those who responded within 7 days of the initial email/SMS invitation (wave 1, n = 6950); those who responded after 8 to 14 days and 1 reminder (wave 2, n = 4950); and those who responded after 15 or more days and 2 reminders (wave 3, n = 4045). Logistic regression analyses were used to compare respondents’ age, sex and educational level between waves, as well as the prevalence of poor general health, life dissatisfaction, mental distress, chronic health problems, weekly alcohol consumption, monthly binge drinking, daily smoking, physical activity, low social support and receipt of a disability pension. Results The overall response to the survey was 41.5%. Respondents in wave 1 were more likely to be older, female and more highly educated than those in waves 2 and 3. However, there were no substantial differences between waves for any health outcomes, with a maximal prevalence difference of 2.6% for weekly alcohol consumption (wave 1: 21.3%, wave 3: 18.7%). Conclusions There appeared to be a mild continuum of resistance for demographic variables. However, this was not reflected in health and related outcomes, which were uniformly similar across waves. The continuum of resistance model is unlikely to be useful to adjust for nonresponse bias in large online surveys of population health. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-021-10764-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Clarsen
- Department of Health Promotion, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Zander Kaaes Gate, 5017, Bergen, Norway. .,Oslo Sports Trauma Research Centre, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Jens Christoffer Skogen
- Department of Health Promotion, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Zander Kaaes Gate, 5017, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway.,Alcohol & Drug Research Western Norway, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
| | | | - Leif Edvard Aarø
- Department of Health Promotion, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Zander Kaaes Gate, 5017, Bergen, Norway
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42
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Influence of Gender Determinants on Informal Care and Health Service Utilization in Spain: Ten Years after the Approval of the Equality Law. ADMINISTRATIVE SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/admsci11020042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The existence of gender inequalities in health, in the use of health services, and in the development of informal care has been demonstrated throughout scientific literature. In Spain, a law was passed in 2007 to promote effective equality between men and women. Despite this, different studies have shown that the previous gender inequalities are still present in Spanish society. For all these reasons, the objective of this paper is to study the differences by sex in informal care and in the use of emergency care, and to identify the existence of gender inequalities in Spain 10 years after the adoption of the aforementioned equality law. In this case, we development a cross-sectional study based on the 2017 Spanish National Health Survey of the Spanish population aged 16 and over. To analyze the influence of gender determinants on informal care and emergency care utilization, logistic regressions were performed, model 1 was adjusted for age, and model 2 was further adjusted too by the variables of the Andersen care demand model. The results showed that informal care and the use of the emergency care continues to be higher in women than in men. Informal care in women was related to a higher level of education. In emergency care, the older the age, the lower the probability of utilization, and living in a rural municipality was related to a higher probability of utilization for both sexes. Finally, we concluded that there is still a need for studies that analyze gender inequalities in different contexts, such as the informal care and the use of health services. This is especially relevant in Spain, where economic changes have led to a change in roles, mainly for women, and new management strategies are needed to achieve equity in care and effective equality between men and women.
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43
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Merle R, Küper A. Desire for information and alternative therapies of pet owners is associated with empathy and partnership-building of veterinarians. J Small Anim Pract 2021; 62:775-787. [PMID: 33788291 DOI: 10.1111/jsap.13337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The relationship between the pet owners' desire for information and preference of alternative therapies and the veterinarians' ability to build partnership and communicate empathically was investigated using quantitative multifactorial analysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS In an online survey, 1270 German pet owners were asked about their experience of veterinary appointments regarding communication and relationship building. Additional questions included the type and number of pets, years of animal husbandry, age, gender and education level. The factors associated with the pet owners' desire for further information and alternative therapies were analysed in two multivariable linear models. A recently published structural equation model consolidated the following as latent factors: veterinarian's empathic communication, veterinarian's partnership building, pet owners' desire for further information and pet owners' desire for alternative therapies (e.g. non-veterinary practitioners). RESULTS The two veterinarian-related factors of empathic communication and partnership building were positively associated with each other, but negatively associated with the pet owners' desires. Dog owners and participants who owned animals for more than 2 years expressed less desire for further information. The desire for further information decreased with increasing age. The desire for alternative therapies was more among animal owners of more than 2 years and those visiting the same veterinary practice for over 2 years. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Veterinarians' empathic communication and partnership building are key factors that satisfy clients' desires for information and alternative therapies. This comprises communicational skills regarding information sharing, as well as emotional aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Merle
- Institute for Veterinary Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Freie Universität Berlin, Königsweg 67, 14163, Berlin, Germany
| | - A Küper
- Institute for Veterinary Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Freie Universität Berlin, Königsweg 67, 14163, Berlin, Germany
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44
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Thapa R, Dahl C, Aung WP, Bjertness E. Urban-rural differences in overweight and obesity among 25-64 years old Myanmar residents: a cross-sectional, nationwide survey. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e042561. [PMID: 33653748 PMCID: PMC7929804 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-042561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate whether urban-rural location and socioeconomic factors (income, education and employment) are associated with body mass index (BMI) and waist-hip ratio (W/H-ratio), and to further explore if the associations between urban-rural location and BMI or W/H-ratio could be mediated through variations in socioeconomic factors. DESIGN Cross-sectional, WHO STEPS survey of non-communicable disease risk factors. SETTING Urban and rural areas of Myanmar. PARTICIPANTS A total of 8390 men and women aged 25 to 64 years included during the study period from September to December 2014. Institutionalised people (Buddhist monks and nuns, hospitalised patients) and temporary residents were excluded. RESULTS The prevalence of overweight and obesity was higher in the urban areas and increased with increasing socioeconomic status (SES) score. Mean BMI was higher among urban residents (ß=2.49 kg/m2; 95% CI 2.28 to 2.70; p<0.001), individuals living above poverty line, that is, ≥US$1.9/day (ß=0.74 kg/m2; 95% CI 0.43 to 1.05; p<0.001), and those with high education attainment (ß=1.48 kg/m2; 95% CI 1.13 to 1.82; p<0.001) when adjusting for potential confounders. Similarly, greater W/H-ratio was observed in participants living in an urban area, among those with earnings above poverty line, and among unemployed individuals. The association between urban-rural location and BMI was found to be partially mediated by a composite SES score (9%), income (17%), education (16%) and employment (16%), while the association between urban-rural location and W/H-ratio was found to be partially mediated by income (12%), education (6%) and employment (6%). CONCLUSION Residents living in urban locations had higher BMI and greater W/H-ratio, partially explained by differences in socioeconomic indicators, indicating that socioeconomic factors should be emphasised in the management of overweight and obesity in the Myanmar population. Furthermore, new national or subnational STEPS surveys should be conducted in Myanmar to observe the disparity in trends of the urban-rural differential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupa Thapa
- Department of Community Medicine and Global Health, Institute of Health and Society, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Cecilie Dahl
- Department of Community Medicine and Global Health, Institute of Health and Society, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Wai Phyo Aung
- Department of Community Medicine and Global Health, Institute of Health and Society, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Occupational and Environmental Health Division, Department of Public Health, Ministry of Health and Sports, Naypyitaw, Myanmar
| | - Espen Bjertness
- Department of Community Medicine and Global Health, Institute of Health and Society, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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45
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Warren AM, Zolfaghari K, Fresnedo M, Bennett M, Pogue J, Waddimba A, Zvolensky M, Carlbring P, Powers MB. Anxiety sensitivity, COVID-19 fear, and mental health: results from a United States population sample. Cogn Behav Ther 2021; 50:204-216. [PMID: 33595414 DOI: 10.1080/16506073.2021.1874505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in unprecedented consequences. Transdiagnostic factors, such as anxiety sensitivity, could be an important component to understand how individuals experience COVID-19 specific fear, depression and anxiety. A US representative sample (5,023) completed measures including the Anxiety Sensitivity Index-3, the Fear of COVID-19 Scale, the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 and the Patient Health Questionnaire-8. Analyses controlled for age, sex, race, marital status, education level, working status, household income, and COVID-19 exposure. Results were consistent with prediction. First, higher ASI-3 Total scores were associated with above average COVID-19 fear (β = 0.19). Second, the ASI-3 physical concerns subscale was the strongest predictor of COVID-19 fear; one SD increase on the ASI-3 physical concerns subscale was associated with almost a twofold risk of reaching above average levels of COVID-19 (OR = 1.93). Third, higher ASI-3 Total scores were associated with higher anxiety (β = 0.22) and depression (β = 0.20). Finally, COVID-19 fear mediated the relationship between ASI-3 Total scores and anxiety (17% of effect mediated) as well as ASI-3 Total scores and depression (16% of effect mediated). These data support the role of anxiety sensitivity in predicting fear of COVID-19 and resulting mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann Marie Warren
- Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.,Baylor Scott & White Research Institute, Dallas, TX, USA
| | | | | | - Monica Bennett
- Baylor Scott & White Research Institute, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Jamie Pogue
- Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Anthony Waddimba
- Baylor Scott & White Research Institute, Dallas, TX, USA.,Health Systems Science, Department of Surgery, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
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46
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Wolter C, Santa Maria A, Georg S, Lesener T, Gusy B, Kleiber D, Renneberg B. Relationships between effort-reward imbalance and work engagement in police officers: taking a salutogenic perspective. J Public Health (Oxf) 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10389-019-01112-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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47
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Brown GL, Camacci ML, Kim SD, Grillo S, Nguyen JV, Brown DA, Ullah SP, Lewis MM, Du G, Kong L, Sundstrom JM, Huang X, Bowie EM. Choroidal Thickness Correlates with Clinical and Imaging Metrics of Parkinson's Disease: A Pilot Study. JOURNAL OF PARKINSON'S DISEASE 2021; 11:1857-1868. [PMID: 34275909 PMCID: PMC8530855 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-212676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parkinson's disease (PD) is marked clinically by motor symptoms and pathologically by Lewy bodies and dopamine neuron loss in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc). Higher iron accumulation, assessed by susceptibility MRI, also is observed as PD progresses. Recently, evidence has suggested that PD affects the retina. OBJECTIVE To better understand retinal alterations in PD and their association to clinical and SNc iron-related imaging metrics. METHODS Ten PD and 12 control participants (2 eyes each) from an ongoing PD imaging biomarker study underwent enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography evaluation. Choroidal (vascular) thickness and nerve layers were measured in 4 subregions [superior, temporal, inferior, and nasal] and at 3 foveal distances (1, 1.5, and 3 mm). These metrics were compared between PD and control groups. For significantly different metrics, their associations with clinical [levodopa equivalent daily dosage (LEDD), motor and visuospatial function] and SNc susceptibility MRI metrics [R2* and quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM)] were explored. RESULTS Compared to control participants, PD participants had a thicker choroid (p = 0.005), but no changes in nerve layers. Higher mean choroidal thickness was associated with lower LEDD (p < 0.01) and better visuospatial function (p < 0.05). Subregion analyses revealed higher choroidal thickness correlated with lower LEDD and better motor and visuospatial measures. Higher mean choroidal thickness also was associated with lower nigral iron MRI (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION A small cohort of PD research participants displayed higher choroidal thickness that was related to better clinical performance and less nigral pathology. These intriguing findings warrant further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory L. Brown
- Department of Neurology, Pennsylvania State University-Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Mona L. Camacci
- Department of Ophthalmology, Pennsylvania State University-Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Sean D. Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Pennsylvania State University-Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Stephanie Grillo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Pennsylvania State University-Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - James V. Nguyen
- Department of Neurology, Pennsylvania State University-Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Douglas A. Brown
- Department of Ophthalmology, Temple University-Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sarah P. Ullah
- Department of Ophthalmology, Pittsburgh University School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Mechelle M. Lewis
- Department of Neurology, Pennsylvania State University-Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Pennsylvania State University-Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Guangwei Du
- Department of Neurology, Pennsylvania State University-Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Lan Kong
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Pennsylvania State University-Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Jeffrey M. Sundstrom
- Department of Ophthalmology, Pennsylvania State University-Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Xuemei Huang
- Department of Neurology, Pennsylvania State University-Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Pennsylvania State University-Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Pennsylvania State University-Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Pennsylvania State University-Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA
- Department of Kinesiology, Penn State University-Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Esther M. Bowie
- Department of Ophthalmology, Temple University-Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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48
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Petersen TL, Brønd JC, Kristensen PL, Aadland E, Grøntved A, Jepsen R. Resemblance in accelerometer-assessed physical activity in families with children: the Lolland-Falster Health Study. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2020; 17:161. [PMID: 33276796 PMCID: PMC7718708 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-020-01067-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Evidence of intra-family resemblance in physical activity (PA) is lacking. The association between parent and child PA appears weak, the influence of age and gender on this association is uncertain, and no studies have investigated the degree of resemblance in family members’ PA behaviours such as walking, sitting/lying, and biking. Thus, the aims of the study were to examine the degree of resemblance in PA within families, specifically between parents and children, and to explore the size of resemblance across age of children, gender of parents and children, and intensity and type of PA. Method The study is a cross-sectional analysis of a subsample (902 parents and 935 children nested within 605 families) of the Danish population study Lolland-Falster Health Study. PA was measured using a dual-accelerometer system (Axivity AX3) with subsequent processing of time spent in light PA (LPA), moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA), and vigorous PA and classification of PA behaviour types. Families with at least one son/daughter aged 0–22 years and one parent providing minimum 4 days of valid accelerometer data were included in the analysis. A linear mixed model regression analysis was used to determine the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of clustering among family members for PA intensities and PA behaviours, adjusted for sex, age, parental education, and the interaction between sex and age. Results In the analysis of within-family variation in PA, the ICCs across PA intensities and PA behaviours ranged from 0.06 to 0.34. We found stronger clustering in family members’ PA for LPA and behaviours requiring low energy expenditure (LPA: ICC 0.22 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.17; 0.28), sitting/lying: ICC 0.34 (95% CI 0.28; 0.40)), and walking: ICC 0.24 (95% CI 0.19; 0.30) than for higher intensities (e.g. MVPA: ICC 0.07 (95% CI 0.03; 0.14)). The ICC for biking was 0.23 (95% CI 0.18; 0.29). Analyses on parent-child dyads gave similar results. No interaction effects for gender and age (except for biking) were found. Conclusion Parents and children’s time spent in PA behaviours requiring low energy expenditure had moderate resemblance within families, whereas engagement in PA with higher intensities showed small or close-to-zero resemblance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Therese Lockenwitz Petersen
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, Research Unit for Exercise Epidemiology, Centre of Research in Childhood Health, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230, Odense M, Denmark. .,Lolland-Falster Health Study, Centre for Epidemiological Research, Nykøbing F. Hospital, Fjordvej 15, 4800, Nykøbing F., Denmark. .,University College Absalon, Bispegade 5, 4800, Nykøbing F., Region Zealand, Denmark.
| | - Jan Christian Brønd
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, Research Unit for Exercise Epidemiology, Centre of Research in Childhood Health, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230, Odense M, Denmark
| | - Peter Lund Kristensen
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, Research Unit for Exercise Epidemiology, Centre of Research in Childhood Health, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230, Odense M, Denmark
| | - Eivind Aadland
- Faculty of Education, Arts and Sports, Department of Sport, Food and Natural Sciences, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Røyrgata 4, 6856, Sogndal, Norway
| | - Anders Grøntved
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, Research Unit for Exercise Epidemiology, Centre of Research in Childhood Health, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230, Odense M, Denmark
| | - Randi Jepsen
- Lolland-Falster Health Study, Centre for Epidemiological Research, Nykøbing F. Hospital, Fjordvej 15, 4800, Nykøbing F., Denmark
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49
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d'Errico A, Ricceri F, Descatha A, Leclerc A, Roquelaure Y, Goldberg M. Lifetime Duration of Exposure to Biomechanical Factors at Work as a Mediator of the Relationship Between Socioeconomic Position and Walking Speed. Front Public Health 2020; 8:412. [PMID: 33282805 PMCID: PMC7689267 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.00412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The study aimed to assess the proportion mediated by the duration of exposure to ergonomic factors at work on the relationship between socioeconomic position (SEP) and low walking speed. This cross-sectional study was performed on data collected at baseline on 19,704 men and 20,273 women 45-70 years old, currently or previously employed, enrolled in the Constances cohort. SEP was assigned through current or last occupation, categorized in three classes, based on the European Socioeconomic Classification. Walking speed was assessed through one measurement of normal walking for 3 m and dichotomized at the lowest quintile of the sex- and age- (5-year) specific distribution. Self-reported workplace exposure throughout working life to repetitive work, intense physical work, and lifting/carrying heavy loads was used to assess the duration of exposure to each factor, categorized in four classes. Through Poisson regression models, adjusted for BMI, smoking, alcohol intake, hypertension, physical activity, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and a cognitive score, the attenuation in the prevalence ratio (PR) of low walking speed by SEP produced by the inclusion of duration of exposure to each factor was evaluated. The mediating effect of work ergonomic exposures on the relationship between SEP and low walking speed was assessed using the weighted method by Vanderweele. In the fully adjusted model without ergonomic exposures, both men and women in the middle and the lowest SEP had a significantly increased risk of low walking speed compared with those in the highest SEP (men: PR = 1.30 and PR = 1.46, respectively; women: PR = 1.24 and PR = 1.45, respectively). The inclusion in separate regression models of exposure duration to repetitive work, intense physical work, and handling of heavy loads produced modest risk attenuations in both men and women, all smaller or around 10%. Mediation analysis revealed in both sexes significant mediation effects for most ergonomic exposures considered, although also with low mediation effects. Significant differences in walking speed by SEP were observed in this large sample, but the proportion of such differences explained by the duration of exposure to ergonomic factors at work was low using either the risk attenuation or the mediation analysis methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelo d'Errico
- Local Health Unit TO3, Epidemiology Department, Turin, Italy
| | - Fulvio Ricceri
- Local Health Unit TO3, Epidemiology Department, Turin, Italy.,Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Alexis Descatha
- Inserm, Population-Based Epidemiologic Cohorts Unit, UMS 011, Paris, France.,University of Angers, Angers, France
| | - Annette Leclerc
- Inserm, Population-Based Epidemiologic Cohorts Unit, UMS 011, Paris, France.,Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
| | | | - Marcel Goldberg
- Inserm, Population-Based Epidemiologic Cohorts Unit, UMS 011, Paris, France.,Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
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50
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Pitkäniemi J, Heikkinen S, Seppä K, Ryynänen H, Ylöstalo T, Eriksson JG, Härkänen T, Jousilahti P, Knekt P, Koskinen S, Männistö S, Albanes D, Rissanen H, Malila N, Laaksonen MA. Pooling of Finnish population-based health studies: lifestyle risk factors of colorectal and lung cancer. Acta Oncol 2020; 59:1338-1342. [PMID: 32657191 DOI: 10.1080/0284186x.2020.1789214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Janne Pitkäniemi
- Finnish Cancer Registry, Institute for Statistical and Epidemiological Cancer Research, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- School of Health Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Sanna Heikkinen
- Finnish Cancer Registry, Institute for Statistical and Epidemiological Cancer Research, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Karri Seppä
- Finnish Cancer Registry, Institute for Statistical and Epidemiological Cancer Research, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Heidi Ryynänen
- Finnish Cancer Registry, Institute for Statistical and Epidemiological Cancer Research, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tiina Ylöstalo
- Finnish Cancer Registry, Institute for Statistical and Epidemiological Cancer Research, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Johan G. Eriksson
- Department of Public Health Solutions, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland
- Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Science, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tommi Härkänen
- Department of Public Health Solutions, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pekka Jousilahti
- Department of Public Health Solutions, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Paul Knekt
- Department of Public Health Solutions, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Seppo Koskinen
- Department of Public Health Solutions, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Satu Männistö
- Department of Public Health Solutions, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Demetrius Albanes
- Department of Health and Human Services, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Harri Rissanen
- Department of Public Health Solutions, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Nea Malila
- Finnish Cancer Registry, Institute for Statistical and Epidemiological Cancer Research, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Maarit A. Laaksonen
- Department of Public Health Solutions, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Faculty of Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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