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Niu S, Ren L. Treatment of obesity by acupuncture combined with medicine based on pathophysiological mechanism: A review. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e36071. [PMID: 38050318 PMCID: PMC10695503 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000036071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a complex, multifactorial disease. The incidence of overweight and obesity has doubled worldwide since 1980, and nearly one-third of the world population is now classified as overweight or obese. Obesity rates are increasing in all age groups and for both sexes, regardless of geographic region, race, or socioeconomic status, although they are generally higher in older adults and women. Although the absolute prevalence of overweight and obesity varies widely, this trend is similar across different regions and countries. In some developed countries, the prevalence of obesity has levelled off over the past few years. However, obesity has become a health problem that cannot be ignored in low- and middle-income countries. Although the drug treatment model of modern medicine has a significant therapeutic effect in the treatment of obesity, its adverse effects are also obvious. Acupuncture combined with Chinese medicine treatment of obesity has prominent advantages in terms of clinical efficacy, and its clinical safety is higher, with fewer adverse reactions. The combination of acupuncture and medicine in the treatment of obesity is worth exploring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyu Niu
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province
| | - Lihong Ren
- The Second Hospital of Harbin, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province
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Zhang YH, Xie HL, Yang YW, Wen J, Liu RR, Zhao GP, Tan XD, Liu Z, Zheng Y, Zhang JB. miR-375 upregulates lipid metabolism and inhibits cell proliferation involved in chicken fatty liver formation and inheritance via targeting recombination signal binding protein for immunoglobulin kappa J region (RBPJ). Poult Sci 2022; 102:102218. [PMID: 36410068 PMCID: PMC9678763 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.102218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Poultry is susceptible to fatty liver which lead to decrease egg production and increase mortality. But the potential molecular mechanisms remain largely unclear. In the current study, in combination with transcriptome sequencing and miRNA sequencing data analysis from F1 generation of the normal liver and fatty liver tissues, the differentially expressed miR-375 and its target gene RBPJ were screened and verified. The expression levels of miR-375 and RBPJ gene in the liver between control and fatty liver groups of F0-F3 generation for Jingxing-Huang (JXH) chicken are different significantly (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). And downregulated RBPJ expression can promote TG content and lipid droplets in primary hepatocytes cultured in vitro (P < 0.01). Cell proliferation-related genes, including PMP22, IGF-1, IGF-2, and IGFBP-5, increased or decreased significantly after overexpression or knock-down RBPJ (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01), respectively. This study uniquely revealed that miR-375 induced lipid synthesis and inhibited cell proliferation may partly due to regulation of RBPJ expression, thereby involving in fatty liver formation and inheritance in chicken. The results could be useful in identifying candidate genes and revealing the pathogenesis of fatty liver that may be used for disease-resistance selective breeding in chicken.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Hong Zhang
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, P. R. China
| | - Heng-Li Xie
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Wei Yang
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, P. R. China
| | - Jie Wen
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, P.R. China
| | - Ran-Ran Liu
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, P.R. China
| | - Gui-Ping Zhao
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Dong Tan
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, P.R. China
| | - Zhen Liu
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, P.R. China
| | - Yi Zheng
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, P.R. China
| | - Jia-Bao Zhang
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, P. R. China,Corresponding author:
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Li Y, Xiao X, Li J, Byun J, Cheng C, Bossé Y, McKay J, Albanes D, Lam S, Tardon A, Chen C, Bojesen SE, Landi MT, Johansson M, Risch A, Bickeböller H, Wichmann HE, Christiani DC, Rennert G, Arnold S, Goodman G, Field JK, Davies MPA, Shete SS, Le Marchand L, Melander O, Brunnström H, Liu G, Hung RJ, Andrew AS, Kiemeney LA, Shen H, Sun R, Zienolddiny S, Grankvist K, Johansson M, Caporaso N, Teare DM, Hong YC, Lazarus P, Schabath MB, Aldrich MC, Schwartz AG, Gorlov I, Purrington K, Yang P, Liu Y, Han Y, Bailey-Wilson JE, Pinney SM, Mandal D, Willey JC, Gaba C, Brennan P, Amos CI. Genome-wide interaction analysis identified low-frequency variants with sex disparity in lung cancer risk. Hum Mol Genet 2022; 31:2831-2843. [PMID: 35138370 PMCID: PMC9402242 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddac030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Differences by sex in lung cancer incidence and mortality have been reported which cannot be fully explained by sex differences in smoking behavior, implying existence of genetic and molecular basis for sex disparity in lung cancer development. However, the information about sex dimorphism in lung cancer risk is quite limited despite the great success in lung cancer association studies. By adopting a stringent two-stage analysis strategy, we performed a genome-wide gene-sex interaction analysis using genotypes from a lung cancer cohort including ~ 47 000 individuals with European ancestry. Three low-frequency variants (minor allele frequency < 0.05), rs17662871 [odds ratio (OR) = 0.71, P = 4.29×10-8); rs79942605 (OR = 2.17, P = 2.81×10-8) and rs208908 (OR = 0.70, P = 4.54×10-8) were identified with different risk effect of lung cancer between men and women. Further expression quantitative trait loci and functional annotation analysis suggested rs208908 affects lung cancer risk through differential regulation of Coxsackie virus and adenovirus receptor gene expression in lung tissues between men and women. Our study is one of the first studies to provide novel insights about the genetic and molecular basis for sex disparity in lung cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafang Li
- Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Section of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Xiangjun Xiao
- Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jianrong Li
- Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jinyoung Byun
- Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Section of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Chao Cheng
- Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Section of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yohan Bossé
- Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Department of Molecular Medicine, Laval University, Quebec City G1V 4G5, Canada
| | - James McKay
- Section of Genetics, International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Lyon 69372, France
| | - Demetrios Albanes
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20850, USA
| | - Stephen Lam
- Department of Integrative Oncology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Adonina Tardon
- Public Health Department, University of Oviedo, ISPA and CIBERESP, Asturias 33003, Spain
| | - Chu Chen
- Program in Epidemiology, Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Stig E Bojesen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen 2600, Denmark
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2177, Denmark
| | - Maria T Landi
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20850, USA
| | - Mattias Johansson
- Section of Genetics, International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Lyon 69372, France
| | - Angela Risch
- Thoraxklinik at University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69126, Germany
- Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC-H), Heidelberg 69120, Germany
- University of Salzburg and Cancer Cluster Salzburg, 5020, Austria
| | - Heike Bickeböller
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology, University Medical Center, Georg-August-University Göttingen, 37099, Germany
| | - H-Erich Wichmann
- Institute of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, Technical University Munich, 80333, Germany
| | - David C Christiani
- Departments of Environmental Health and Epidemiology, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Gad Rennert
- Clalit National Cancer Control Center at Carmel Medical Center and Technion Faculty of Medicine, Haifa 3436212, Israel
| | - Susanne Arnold
- University of Kentucky, Markey Cancer Center, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, USA
| | - Gary Goodman
- Swedish Cancer Institute, Seattle, WA 98104, USA
| | - John K Field
- Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7BE, United Kingdom
| | - Michael P A Davies
- Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7BE, United Kingdom
| | - Sanjay S Shete
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Loic Le Marchand
- Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
| | - Olle Melander
- Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund 22184, Sweden
| | | | - Geoffrey Liu
- University Health Network- The Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, CA ON, M5G 2C1, Canada
| | - Rayjean J Hung
- Luenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto ON, M5G 1X5, Canada
- Division of Epidemiology, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto ON, M5T 3M7, Canada
| | - Angeline S Andrew
- Departments of Epidemiology and Community and Family Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | | | - Hongbing Shen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, P.R. China
| | - Ryan Sun
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | | | - Kjell Grankvist
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Umeå University, Umeå 901 87, Sweden
| | - Mikael Johansson
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå 901 87, Sweden
| | - Neil Caporaso
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20850, USA
| | - Dawn M Teare
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4AX, UK
| | - Yun-Chul Hong
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Philip Lazarus
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington 99202, USA
| | - Matthew B Schabath
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Melinda C Aldrich
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Ann G Schwartz
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
- Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Ivan Gorlov
- Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Section of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | | | - Ping Yang
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinics Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Yanhong Liu
- Section of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Younghun Han
- Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Section of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | | | - Susan M Pinney
- University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Diptasri Mandal
- Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - James C Willey
- College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Colette Gaba
- The University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Paul Brennan
- Section of Genetics, International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Lyon 69372, France
| | - Christopher I Amos
- Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Section of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Can adult polygenic scores improve prediction of body mass index in childhood? Int J Obes (Lond) 2022; 46:1375-1383. [PMID: 35505076 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-022-01130-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Modelling genetic pre-disposition may identify children at risk of obesity. However, most polygenic scores (PGSs) have been derived in adults, and lack validation during childhood. This study compared the utility of existing large-scale adult-derived PGSs to predict common anthropometric traits (body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, and body fat) in children and adults, and examined whether childhood BMI prediction could be improved by combining PGSs and non-genetic factors (maternal and earlier child BMI). SUBJECTS/METHODS Participants (n = 1365 children, and n = 2094 adults made up of their parents) were drawn from the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children. Children were weighed and measured every two years from 0-1 to 12-13 years, and adults were measured or self-reported measurements were obtained concurrently (average analysed). Participants were genotyped from blood or oral samples, and PGSs were derived based on published genome-wide association studies. We used linear regression to compare the relative utility of these PGSs to predict their respective traits at different ages. RESULTS BMI PGSs explained up to 12% of child BMI z-score variance in 10-13 year olds, compared with up to 15% in adults. PGSs for waist circumference and body fat explained less variance (up to 8%). An interaction between BMI PGSs and puberty (p = 0.001-0.002) suggests the effect of some variants may differ across the life course. Individual BMI measures across childhood predicted 10-60% of the variance in BMI at 12-13 years, and maternal BMI and BMI PGS each added 1-9% above this. CONCLUSION Adult-derived PGSs for BMI, particularly those derived by modelling between-variant interactions, may be useful for predicting BMI during adolescence with similar accuracy to that obtained in adulthood. The level of precision presented here to predict BMI during childhood may be relevant to public health, but is likely to be less useful for individual clinical purposes.
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Li M, Zhang YW, Zhang ZC, Xiang Y, Liu MH, Zhou YH, Zuo JF, Zhang HQ, Chen Y, Zhang YM. A compressed variance component mixed model for detecting QTNs and QTN-by-environment and QTN-by-QTN interactions in genome-wide association studies. MOLECULAR PLANT 2022; 15:630-650. [PMID: 35202864 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2022.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Although genome-wide association studies are widely used to mine genes for quantitative traits, the effects to be estimated are confounded, and the methodologies for detecting interactions are imperfect. To address these issues, the mixed model proposed here first estimates the genotypic effects for AA, Aa, and aa, and the genotypic polygenic background replaces additive and dominance polygenic backgrounds. Then, the estimated genotypic effects are partitioned into additive and dominance effects using a one-way analysis of variance model. This strategy was further expanded to cover QTN-by-environment interactions (QEIs) and QTN-by-QTN interactions (QQIs) using the same mixed-model framework. Thus, a three-variance-component mixed model was integrated with our multi-locus random-SNP-effect mixed linear model (mrMLM) method to establish a new methodological framework, 3VmrMLM, that detects all types of loci and estimates their effects. In Monte Carlo studies, 3VmrMLM correctly detected all types of loci and almost unbiasedly estimated their effects, with high powers and accuracies and a low false positive rate. In re-analyses of 10 traits in 1439 rice hybrids, detection of 269 known genes, 45 known gene-by-environment interactions, and 20 known gene-by-gene interactions strongly validated 3VmrMLM. Further analyses of known genes showed more small (67.49%), minor-allele-frequency (35.52%), and pleiotropic (30.54%) genes, with higher repeatability across datasets (54.36%) and more dominance loci. In addition, a heteroscedasticity mixed model in multiple environments and dimension reduction methods in quite a number of environments were developed to detect QEIs, and variable selection under a polygenic background was proposed for QQI detection. This study provides a new approach for revealing the genetic architecture of quantitative traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Li
- Crop Information Center, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Ya-Wen Zhang
- Crop Information Center, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Ze-Chang Zhang
- Crop Information Center, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yu Xiang
- Crop Information Center, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Ming-Hui Liu
- Crop Information Center, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Ya-Hui Zhou
- Crop Information Center, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jian-Fang Zuo
- Crop Information Center, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Han-Qing Zhang
- Crop Information Center, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Crop Information Center, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yuan-Ming Zhang
- Crop Information Center, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
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Pérusse L, Jacob R, Drapeau V, Llewellyn C, Arsenault BJ, Bureau A, Labonté MÈ, Tremblay A, Vohl MC. Understanding gene-lifestyle interaction in obesity: the role of mediation versus moderation. Lifestyle Genom 2022; 15:67-76. [PMID: 35231909 DOI: 10.1159/000523813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity results from complex interactions between genetic susceptibility to weight gain and poor eating and lifestyle behaviors. The approach that has been traditionally used in genetics to investigate gene-environment/lifestyle interaction in obesity is based on the concept of moderation, or effect modification. Another approach called mediation analysis can be used to investigate gene-environment interaction in obesity. The objective of this review article is to explain the differences between the concepts of moderation and mediation and summarize the studies that have used mediation analysis to support the role of eating or lifestyle behaviors as putative mediators of genetic susceptibility to obesity. SUMMARY Moderation is used to determine whether the effect of an exposure (genes associated with obesity) on an outcome (obesity phenotype) differs in magnitude and/or direction across the spectrum of environmental exposure. Mediation analysis is used to assess the extent to which the effect of the exposure on the outcome is explained by a given set of hypothesized mediators with the aim of understanding how the exposure could lead to the outcome. In comparison with moderation, relatively few studies used mediation analyses to investigate gene-environment in obesity. Most studies found evidence that traits related to appetite or eating behaviors partly mediated genetic susceptibility to obesity in either children or adults. Key messages: Moderation and mediation represent two complementary approaches to investigate gene-environment interaction in obesity and address different research questions pertaining to the cause-effect relationship between genetic susceptibility to obesity and various obesity outcomes. More studies relying on mediation are needed to better understand the role eating and lifestyle habits in mediating genetic susceptibility to obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis Pérusse
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
- Centre Nutrition, Santé et Société (NUTRISS), Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Raphaëlle Jacob
- Centre Nutrition, Santé et Société (NUTRISS), Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Québec, Québec, Canada
- School of Nutrition, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Vicky Drapeau
- Centre Nutrition, Santé et Société (NUTRISS), Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Québec, Québec, Canada
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
- Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Clare Llewellyn
- Research Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Benoit J Arsenault
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Alexandre Bureau
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
- CERVO Brain Research Center, Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé et de Services Sociaux de la Capitale-Nationale, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Marie-Ève Labonté
- Centre Nutrition, Santé et Société (NUTRISS), Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Québec, Québec, Canada
- School of Nutrition, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Angelo Tremblay
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
- Centre Nutrition, Santé et Société (NUTRISS), Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Marie-Claude Vohl
- Centre Nutrition, Santé et Société (NUTRISS), Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Québec, Québec, Canada
- School of Nutrition, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
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Kwon YJ, Park DH, Choi JE, Lee D, Hong KW, Lee JW. Identification of the interactions between specific genetic polymorphisms and nutrient intake associated with general and abdominal obesity in middle-aged adults. Clin Nutr 2022; 41:543-551. [PMID: 35030529 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2021.12.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 12/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Comprehensive understanding of gene-diet interactions is necessary to establish proper dietary guidelines to prevent and manage general and abdominal obesity. We investigated the role of genetic variants and their interactions with general and abdominal obesity-associated nutrients using a largescale genome-wide association study of Korean adults. METHODS A total of 50,808 participants from a Korean genome and epidemiology study were included. Dietary intake was assessed using a food frequency questionnaire. Obesity was defined as a body mass index ≥25 kg/m2. Abdominal obesity (AO) was defined as waist circumference ≥90 cm and 80 cm in males and females, respectively. Dietary nutrient intake was classified based on Korean Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs). Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were calculated after adjusting for age, sex, exercise, smoking, alcohol drinking, total energy consumption, PC1, and PC2. RESULTS Among the individuals consuming fat (%) above DRI, carriers of Ca binding protein 39 (CAB39)- rs6722579 minor allele (A) have a higher risk of AO than those not carrying the SNP (odds ration [OR] = 3.73, p-value = 2.05e-07; interaction p-value = 1.80e-07). Among the individuals consuming vitamin C above DRI, carriers of carboxypeptidase Q (CPQ)- rs59465035 minor allele (T) have a lower risk of AO than those without that SNP (OR = 0.89, p-value = 1.44e-08; interaction p-value = 9.50e-06). The genetic association with obesity was stronger among individuals with a genetic variant rs4130113 near GHR gene region in those consume folate above DRI and with a genetic variant rs5760920 near CRYBB2 gene region in those consume vitamin B2 above DRI. CONCLUSION Our study results suggested that interactions of specific polymorphisms at loci and certain nutrients may influence obesity and abdominal obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jin Kwon
- Department of Family Medicine, Yongin Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 363, Dongbaekjukjeon-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si 16995, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Da Hyun Park
- Theragen Bio Co., Ltd., Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 16229, Republic of Korea
| | - Ja-Eun Choi
- Theragen Bio Co., Ltd., Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 16229, Republic of Korea
| | - Dasom Lee
- Theragen Bio Co., Ltd., Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 16229, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Won Hong
- Theragen Bio Co., Ltd., Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 16229, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ji-Won Lee
- Department of Family Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 211 Eonju-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06273, Republic of Korea.
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Bertele N, Karabatsiakis A, Buss C, Talmon A. How biomarker patterns can be utilized to identify individuals with a high disease burden: a bioinformatics approach towards predictive, preventive, and personalized (3P) medicine. EPMA J 2021; 12:507-516. [PMID: 34950251 PMCID: PMC8648886 DOI: 10.1007/s13167-021-00255-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Prevalences of non-communicable diseases such as depression and a range of somatic diseases are continuously increasing requiring simple and inexpensive ways to identify high-risk individuals to target with predictive and preventive approaches. Using k-mean cluster analytics, in study 1, we identified biochemical clusters (based on C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, fibrinogen, cortisol, and creatinine) and examined their link to diseases. Analyses were conducted in a US American sample (from the Midlife in the US study, N = 1234) and validated in a Japanese sample (from the Midlife in Japan study, N = 378). In study 2, we investigated the link of the biochemical clusters from study 1 to childhood maltreatment (CM). The three identified biochemical clusters included one cluster (with high inflammatory signaling and low cortisol and creatinine concentrations) indicating the highest disease burden. This high-risk cluster also reported the highest CM exposure. The current study demonstrates how biomarkers can be utilized to identify individuals with a high disease burden and thus, may help to target these high-risk individuals with tailored prevention/intervention, towards personalized medicine. Furthermore, our findings raise the question whether the found biochemical clusters have predictive character, as a tool to identify high-risk individuals enabling targeted prevention. The finding that CM was mostly prevalent in the high-risk cluster provides first hints that the clusters could indeed have predictive character and highlight CM as a central disease susceptibility factor and possibly as a leverage point for disease prevention/intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Bertele
- Psychology Department, Stanford University, Stanford, CA USA.,Institute of Medical Psychology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexander Karabatsiakis
- Institute of Psychology, Department of Clinical Psychology-II, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Claudia Buss
- Institute of Medical Psychology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Development, Health and Disease Research Program, Department of Pediatrics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA USA
| | - Anat Talmon
- Psychology Department, Stanford University, Stanford, CA USA
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9
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Novais PFS, Crisp AH, Leandro-Merhi VA, Cintra RMG, Rasera I, Oliveira MRMD. Genetic polymorphisms are not associated with energy intake one year after Roux-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) in women. J Hum Nutr Diet 2021; 35:739-747. [PMID: 34935211 DOI: 10.1111/jhn.12984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to investigate the influence of food intake on body weight loss and the association of gene polymorphisms, 1 year after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery. METHODS In total, ninety-five obese women (age ranged 20-50 years) in a Brazilian cohort underwent RYGB surgery and completed the study. Anthropometric measurements and food intake were assessed before and 1 year after surgery. Twelve gene polymorphisms (GHRL rs26802; GHSR rs572169; LEP rs7799039; LEPR rs1137101; 5-HT2C rs3813929; UCP2 rs659366; UCP2 rs660339; UCP3 rs1800849; SH2B1 rs7498665; TAS1R2 rs35874116; TAS1R2 rs9701796; and FTO rs9939609) were determined using a real-time PCR reaction and a TaqMan assay. The subjects were divided into quartiles regarding to percentage of excess weight loss (%EWL). The effect of genetic variants on energy and macronutrient intake was evaluated by simple logistic regression, followed by multiple logistic regression. RESULTS It was found that subjects in the first and second quartile showed a higher initial body mass index (BMI). Energy and macronutrient intake before and 1 year after RYGB surgery did not differ between the %EWL quartiles. None of gene polymorphisms investigated showed an association with the estimated energy intake 1 year after surgery. CONCLUSION In conclusion, the estimate energy and food intake did not predict a greater body weight loss 1 year after RYGB surgery. In addition, the 12 gene polymorphism investigated did not affect the energy intake among female patients. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Irineu Rasera
- Clínica Bariátrica de Piracicaba, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
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10
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Vickers MH. Early life nutrition and neuroendocrine programming. Neuropharmacology 2021; 205:108921. [PMID: 34902348 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Alterations in the nutritional environment in early life can significantly increase the risk for obesity and a range of development of metabolic disorders in offspring in later life, effects that can be passed onto future generations. This process, termed development programming, provides the framework of the developmental origins of health and disease (DOHaD) paradigm. Early life nutritional compromise including undernutrition, overnutrition or specific macro/micronutrient deficiencies, results in a range of adverse health outcomes in offspring that can be further exacerbated by a poor postnatal nutritional environment. Although the mechanisms underlying programming remain poorly defined, a common feature across the phenotypes displayed in preclinical models is that of altered wiring of neuroendocrine circuits that regulate satiety and energy balance. As such, altered maternal nutritional exposures during critical early periods of developmental plasticity can result in aberrant hardwiring of these circuits with lasting adverse consequences for the offspring. There is also increasing evidence around the role of an altered epigenome and the gut-brain axis in mediating some of the central programming effects observed. Further, although such programming was once considered to result in a permanent change in developmental trajectory, there is evidence, at least from preclinical models, that programming can be reversed via targeted nutritional manipulations during early development. Further work is required at a mechanistic level to allow for identification for early markers of later disease risk, delineation of sex-specific effects and pathways to implementation of strategies aimed at breaking the transgenerational transmission of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- M H Vickers
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, 85 Park Road, Grafton, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand.
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11
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Amador C, Zeng Y, Barber M, Walker RM, Campbell A, McIntosh AM, Evans KL, Porteous DJ, Hayward C, Wilson JF, Navarro P, Haley CS. Genome-wide methylation data improves dissection of the effect of smoking on body mass index. PLoS Genet 2021; 17:e1009750. [PMID: 34499657 PMCID: PMC8428545 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Variation in obesity-related traits has a genetic basis with heritabilities between 40 and 70%. While the global obesity pandemic is usually associated with environmental changes related to lifestyle and socioeconomic changes, most genetic studies do not include all relevant environmental covariates, so the genetic contribution to variation in obesity-related traits cannot be accurately assessed. Some studies have described interactions between a few individual genes linked to obesity and environmental variables but there is no agreement on their total contribution to differences between individuals. Here we compared self-reported smoking data and a methylation-based proxy to explore the effect of smoking and genome-by-smoking interactions on obesity related traits from a genome-wide perspective to estimate the amount of variance they explain. Our results indicate that exploiting omic measures can improve models for complex traits such as obesity and can be used as a substitute for, or jointly with, environmental records to better understand causes of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Amador
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Yanni Zeng
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Faculty of Forensic Medicine, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, China
| | - Michael Barber
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Rosie M. Walker
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, Chancellor’s Building, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh BioQuarter, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Archie Campbell
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew M. McIntosh
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Kathryn L. Evans
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - David J. Porteous
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Caroline Hayward
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - James F. Wilson
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Pau Navarro
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Chris S. Haley
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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12
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Pérez-Olivares L, Soehnlein O. Contemporary Lifestyle and Neutrophil Extracellular Traps: An Emerging Link in Atherosclerosis Disease. Cells 2021; 10:1985. [PMID: 34440753 PMCID: PMC8394440 DOI: 10.3390/cells10081985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are networks of extracellular genetic material decorated with proteins of nuclear, granular and cytosolic origin that activated neutrophils expel under pathogenic inflammatory conditions. NETs are part of the host's innate immune defense system against invading pathogens. Interestingly, these extracellular structures can also be released in response to sterile inflammatory stimuli (e.g., shear stress, lipidic molecules, pro-thrombotic factors, aggregated platelets, or pro-inflammatory cytokines), as in atherosclerosis disease. Indeed, NETs have been identified in the intimal surface of diseased arteries under cardiovascular disease conditions, where they sustain inflammation via NET-mediated cell-adhesion mechanisms and promote cellular dysfunction and tissue damage via NET-associated cytotoxicity. This review will focus on (1) the active role of neutrophils and NETs as underestimated players of the inflammatory process during atherogenesis and lesion progression; (2) how these extracellular structures communicate with the main cell types present in the atherosclerotic lesion in the arterial wall; and (3) how these neutrophil effector functions interplay with lifestyle-derived risk factors such as an unbalanced diet, physical inactivity, smoking or lack of sleep quality, which represent major elements in the development of cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Pérez-Olivares
- Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation (ZMBE), Institute for Experimental Pathology (ExPat), Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität (WWU), 48149 Münster, Germany;
| | - Oliver Soehnlein
- Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation (ZMBE), Institute for Experimental Pathology (ExPat), Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität (WWU), 48149 Münster, Germany;
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology (FyFa), Karolinska Institute, 17165 Stockholm, Sweden
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13
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Uncovering Evidence for Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals That Elicit Differential Susceptibility through Gene-Environment Interactions. TOXICS 2021; 9:toxics9040077. [PMID: 33917455 PMCID: PMC8067468 DOI: 10.3390/toxics9040077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) is linked to myriad disorders, characterized by the disruption of the complex endocrine signaling pathways that govern development, physiology, and even behavior across the entire body. The mechanisms of endocrine disruption involve a complex system of pathways that communicate across the body to stimulate specific receptors that bind DNA and regulate the expression of a suite of genes. These mechanisms, including gene regulation, DNA binding, and protein binding, can be tied to differences in individual susceptibility across a genetically diverse population. In this review, we posit that EDCs causing such differential responses may be identified by looking for a signal of population variability after exposure. We begin by summarizing how the biology of EDCs has implications for genetically diverse populations. We then describe how gene-environment interactions (GxE) across the complex pathways of endocrine signaling could lead to differences in susceptibility. We survey examples in the literature of individual susceptibility differences to EDCs, pointing to a need for research in this area, especially regarding the exceedingly complex thyroid pathway. Following a discussion of experimental designs to better identify and study GxE across EDCs, we present a case study of a high-throughput screening signal of putative GxE within known endocrine disruptors. We conclude with a call for further, deeper analysis of the EDCs, particularly the thyroid disruptors, to identify if these chemicals participate in GxE leading to differences in susceptibility.
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14
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Mayoral LPC, Andrade GM, Mayoral EPC, Huerta TH, Canseco SP, Rodal Canales FJ, Cabrera-Fuentes HA, Cruz MM, Pérez Santiago AD, Alpuche JJ, Zenteno E, Ruíz HM, Cruz RM, Jeronimo JH, Perez-Campos E. Obesity subtypes, related biomarkers & heterogeneity. Indian J Med Res 2021; 151:11-21. [PMID: 32134010 PMCID: PMC7055173 DOI: 10.4103/ijmr.ijmr_1768_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a serious medical condition worldwide, which needs new approaches and recognized international consensus in treating diseases leading to morbidity. The aim of this review was to examine heterogeneous links among the various phenotypes of obesity in adults. Proteins and associated genes in each group were analysed to differentiate between biomarkers. A variety of terms for classification and characterization within this pathology are currently in use; however, there is no clear consensus in terminology. The most significant groups reviewed include metabolically healthy obese, metabolically abnormal obese, metabolically abnormal, normal weight and sarcopenic obese. These phenotypes do not define particular genotypes or epigenetic gene regulation, or proteins related to inflammation. There are many other genes linked to obesity, though the value of screening all of those for diagnosis has low predictive results, as there are no significant biomarkers. It is important to establish a consensus in the terminology used and the characteristics attributed to obesity subtypes. The identification of specific molecular biomarkers is also required for better diagnosis in subtypes of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Perez-Campos Mayoral
- Research Centre-Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico-Benito Juárez Autonomous University of Oaxaca, Oaxaca, Mexico
| | - Gabriel Mayoral Andrade
- Research Centre-Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico-Benito Juárez Autonomous University of Oaxaca, Oaxaca, Mexico
| | - Eduardo Perez-Campos Mayoral
- Research Centre-Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico-Benito Juárez Autonomous University of Oaxaca, Oaxaca, Mexico
| | | | - Socorro Pina Canseco
- Research Centre-Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico-Benito Juárez Autonomous University of Oaxaca, Oaxaca, Mexico
| | - Francisco J Rodal Canales
- Research Centre-Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico-Benito Juárez Autonomous University of Oaxaca, Oaxaca, Mexico
| | - Héctor Alejandro Cabrera-Fuentes
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore; Institute of Biochemistry, Medical School, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | | | | | - Juan José Alpuche
- Research Centre-Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico-Benito Juárez Autonomous University of Oaxaca, Oaxaca, Mexico
| | - Edgar Zenteno
- Research Centre-Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico-Benito Juárez Autonomous University of Oaxaca, Oaxaca, Mexico
| | - Hector Martínez Ruíz
- Research Centre-Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico-Benito Juárez Autonomous University of Oaxaca, Oaxaca, Mexico
| | - Ruth Martínez Cruz
- Research Centre-Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico-Benito Juárez Autonomous University of Oaxaca, Oaxaca, Mexico
| | - Julia Hernandez Jeronimo
- Research Centre-Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico-Benito Juárez Autonomous University of Oaxaca, Oaxaca, Mexico
| | - Eduardo Perez-Campos
- National Technological Institute of Mexico, ITOaxaca; Clinical Pathology Laboratory 'Dr. Eduardo Pérez Ortega' Oaxaca, Mexico
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15
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Abstract
The pathophysiology of obesity is complex and includes changes in eating behavior, genetic, epigenetic, environmental factors, and much more. To date, ~40 genetic polymorphisms are associated with obesity and fat distribution. However, since these options do not fully explain the inheritance of obesity, other options, such as epigenetic changes, need to be considered. Epigenetic modifications affect gene expression without changing the deoxyribonucleic acid sequence. In addition, environmental exposure during critical periods of development can affect the epigenetic tags and lead to obesity. A deeper understanding of the epigenetic mechanisms underlying obesity can aid in prevention based on lifestyle changes. This review focuses on the role of epigenetic modifications in the development of obesity and related conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- O. M. Drapkina
- National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine
| | - O. T. Kim
- National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine
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16
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García-Ricobaraza M, García-Bermúdez M, Torres-Espinola FJ, Segura Moreno MT, Bleyere MN, Díaz-Prieto LE, Nova E, Marcos A, Campoy C. Association study of rs1801282 PPARG gene polymorphism and immune cells and cytokine levels in a Spanish pregnant women cohort and their offspring. J Biomed Sci 2020; 27:101. [PMID: 33250050 PMCID: PMC7702670 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-020-00694-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARG) belongs to the nuclear receptor superfamily functioning as transcription factors to regulate cellular differentiation, development and metabolism. Moreover, it has been implicated in the regulation of lipid metabolism, as well as the maturation of monocytes/macrophages and the control of inflammatory reactions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the Pro12Ala (rs1808212) PPARG gene polymorphism on immune molecular and cellular components in mothers and their offspring participating in the PREOBE study. Methods DNA from maternal venous blood samples at 24, 34 and 40 gestational weeks, plus cord blood samples was extracted. Pro12Ala PPARG polymorphism genotyping was performed, and immune system markers were analyzed by flow cytometry. Results Study findings revealed no effect of rs1808212 PPARG genotypes on innate immune parameters in mothers and their offspring; however, CD4 + /CD8 + ratio were decreased at 24 and 34 weeks in pregnant women carrying the CG (Pro12Ala) rs1808212 polymorphism, (p = 0,012 and p = 0,030; respectively). Only CD19 levels in peripheral blood were significantly higher at delivery in pregnant women carrying the CC (Pro12Pro) genotype (p ≤ 0.001). Moreover, there were statistically significant differences in leukocytes and neutrophils maternal levels at 34 weeks of gestation, being lower in carriers of Pro12Ala genotype (p = 0.028 and p = 0.031, respectively). Conclusions Results suggest that Pro12Ala PPARG polymorphism may have an effect on some cell and immune parameters in pregnant women during pregnancy and at time of delivery. However, newborn innate immune system does not seems to be influenced by PPARG Pro12Ala polymorphism in cord blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria García-Ricobaraza
- Department of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibsGRANADA, Health Sciences Technological Park, Granada, Spain
| | - Mercedes García-Bermúdez
- Department of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain. .,Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibsGRANADA, Health Sciences Technological Park, Granada, Spain.
| | - Francisco J Torres-Espinola
- Department of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain.,EURISTIKOS Excellence Centre for Paediatric Research, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - M Teresa Segura Moreno
- Department of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibsGRANADA, Health Sciences Technological Park, Granada, Spain
| | - Mathieu N Bleyere
- Department of Physiology, Haematology and Immunology, Nangui Abrogoua University, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Ligia E Díaz-Prieto
- Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN), CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Esther Nova
- Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN), CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ascensión Marcos
- Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN), CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Campoy
- Department of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain. .,Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibsGRANADA, Health Sciences Technological Park, Granada, Spain. .,EURISTIKOS Excellence Centre for Paediatric Research, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain.
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17
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Napolitano M, Covasa M. Microbiota Transplant in the Treatment of Obesity and Diabetes: Current and Future Perspectives. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:590370. [PMID: 33304339 PMCID: PMC7693552 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.590370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A wealth of evidence has revealed the critical role of the gut microbiota in health and disease. Many chronic diseases have been associated with gut microbiota imbalance in its composition, diversity and functional capacity. Several types of interventions have been shown to correct microbiota imbalance and restore the beneficial metabolic outcomes of a normal microbiota. Among them, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is an emergent, promising technology employed to improve clinical outcomes of various pathological conditions through modifications in the gut microbiota composition. FMT has been used successfully as a treatment option in recurrent Clostridium difficile infection, a condition characterized by severe gut microbiota dysbiosis. However, the potential usage of FMT in other microbiota-associated conditions different from C. difficile such as metabolic syndrome or obesity that are also marked by gut dysbiosis is still under investigation. Furthermore, the contribution of the gut microbiota as a cause or consequence in metabolic disease is still largely debated. This review provides critical information on the methodological approaches of FMT and its technological innovation in clinical applications. This review sheds light on the current findings and gaps in our understanding of how FMT can be used as a future biotherapeutic to restore microbial homeostasis in amelioration of obesity and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Napolitano
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, United States
| | - Mihai Covasa
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, United States.,Department of Health and Human Development, Stefan Cel Mare University of Suceava, Suceava, Romania
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18
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Identification and expert panel rating of key structural approaches applied in health economic obesity models. HEALTH POLICY AND TECHNOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlpt.2020.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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19
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Kaseva N, Vääräsmäki M, Matinolli HM, Sipola M, Tikanmäki M, Kanerva N, Heinonen K, Lano A, Wolke D, Andersson S, Järvelin MR, Räikkönen K, Eriksson JG, Männistö S, Kajantie E. Maternal pre-pregnancy overweight and gestational diabetes and dietary intakes among young adult offspring. Nutr Diabetes 2020; 10:26. [PMID: 32703940 PMCID: PMC7378069 DOI: 10.1038/s41387-020-00129-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background/Objectives Maternal pre-pregnancy overweight/obesity and gestational diabetes (GDM) are associated with increased fat deposition in adult offspring. The purpose of this study was to identify if maternal pre-pregnancy overweight (body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25 kg/m2) or GDM are associated with dietary quality or intake in adult offspring. Subjects/Methods Participants (n = 882) from two longitudinal cohort studies (ESTER Maternal Pregnancy Disorders Study and the Arvo Ylppö Longitudinal Study) completed a validated food-frequency questionnaire at a mean age of 24.2 years (SD 1.3). Diet quality was evaluated by a Recommended Finnish Diet Index (RDI). The study sample included offspring of normoglycaemic mothers with pre-pregnancy overweight/obesity (ONO = 155), offspring of mothers with GDM regardless of BMI (OGDM = 190) and offspring of mothers with normal weight and no GDM (controls; n = 537). Results Among men, daily energy and macronutrient intakes were similar in ONO and controls. However, after adjusting for current offspring characteristics, including BMI, daily carbohydrate intake relative to total energy intake was higher in ONO-men [2.2 percentages of total energy intake (95% confidence interval 0.4, 4.0)]. In ONO-women, macronutrient intakes relative to total energy intake were similar with controls, while total daily energy intake seemed lower [−587.2 kJ/day (−1192.0, 4.4)]. After adjusting for confounders, this difference was attenuated. Adherence to a healthy diet, as measured by RDI, was similar in ONO and controls [mean difference: men 0.40 (−0.38, 1.18); women 0.25 (−0.50, 1.00)]. In OGDM vs. controls, total energy and macronutrient intakes were similar for both men and women. Also adherence to a healthy diet was similar [RDI: men 0.09 (−0.62, 0.80); women −0.17 (−0.93, 0.59)]. Conclusions Our study suggested higher daily carbohydrate intake in male offspring exposed to maternal pre-pregnancy overweight/obesity, compared with controls. Prenatal exposure to GDM was not associated with adult offspring dietary intakes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Kaseva
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Oulu, Finland.
| | - Marja Vääräsmäki
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Oulu, Finland.,PEDEGO Research Unit (Research Unit for Pediatrics, Dermatology, Clinical Genetics, Obstetrics and Gynecology), Medical Research Center Oulu (MRC Oulu), Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Hanna-Maria Matinolli
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Oulu, Finland.,Research Center for Child Psychiatry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,INVEST Research Flagship, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Marika Sipola
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Oulu, Finland.,PEDEGO Research Unit (Research Unit for Pediatrics, Dermatology, Clinical Genetics, Obstetrics and Gynecology), Medical Research Center Oulu (MRC Oulu), Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Marjaana Tikanmäki
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Oulu, Finland.,PEDEGO Research Unit (Research Unit for Pediatrics, Dermatology, Clinical Genetics, Obstetrics and Gynecology), Medical Research Center Oulu (MRC Oulu), Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Noora Kanerva
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kati Heinonen
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Aulikki Lano
- Children's Hospital, Pediatric Research Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Dieter Wolke
- Department of Psychology, University of Warwick, Warwick, UK
| | - Sture Andersson
- Children's Hospital, Pediatric Research Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marjo-Riitta Järvelin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment & Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK.,Center for Life Course Health Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Unit of Primary Care, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Katri Räikkönen
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Johan G Eriksson
- Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National University Singapore, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Singapore, Singapore.,Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Satu Männistö
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Oulu, Finland
| | - Eero Kajantie
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Oulu, Finland.,PEDEGO Research Unit (Research Unit for Pediatrics, Dermatology, Clinical Genetics, Obstetrics and Gynecology), Medical Research Center Oulu (MRC Oulu), Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Children's Hospital, Pediatric Research Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
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20
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Skeletal muscle enhancer interactions identify genes controlling whole-body metabolism. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2695. [PMID: 32483258 PMCID: PMC7264154 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-16537-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) are metabolic disorders influenced by lifestyle and genetic factors that are characterized by insulin resistance in skeletal muscle, a prominent site of glucose disposal. Numerous genetic variants have been associated with obesity and T2D, of which the majority are located in non-coding DNA regions. This suggests that most variants mediate their effect by altering the activity of gene-regulatory elements, including enhancers. Here, we map skeletal muscle genomic enhancer elements that are dynamically regulated after exposure to the free fatty acid palmitate or the inflammatory cytokine TNFα. By overlapping enhancer positions with the location of disease-associated genetic variants, and resolving long-range chromatin interactions between enhancers and gene promoters, we identify target genes involved in metabolic dysfunction in skeletal muscle. The majority of these genes also associate with altered whole-body metabolic phenotypes in the murine BXD genetic reference population. Thus, our combined genomic investigations identified genes that are involved in skeletal muscle metabolism. Obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) are metabolic disorders characterized by insulin resistance in skeletal muscle. Here, the authors map skeletal muscle enhancer elements dynamically regulated after exposure to free fatty acid palmitate or inflammatory cytokine TNFα and identify target genes involved in metabolic dysfunction in skeletal muscle.
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21
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de Oliveira Lima MD, da Silva TPR, de Menezes MC, Mendes LL, Pessoa MC, de Araújo LPF, Andrade RGC, D’Assunção ADM, Manzo BF, dos Reis Corrêa A, Santos FBO, Lachtim SAF, de Freitas GL, de Andrade LAV, de Sousa MA, Matozinhos FP. Environmental and individual factors associated with quality of life of adults who underwent bariatric surgery: a cohort study. Health Qual Life Outcomes 2020; 18:87. [PMID: 32228607 PMCID: PMC7106729 DOI: 10.1186/s12955-020-01331-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Obesity is a multifactorial chronic condition associated with genetic, behavioral and environmental factors. Understanding the role of the built and social environment in Quality of Life (QOL) is critical to reducing the negative impacts of the environment on health. OBJECTIVE To estimate the built and social environmental and individual factors that influence the QOL of adults who underwent bariatric surgery. METHODS A prospective cohort study conducted with adults who underwent bariatric surgery. Using longitudinal linear regression analysis, we verified the association between the domains of World Health Organization Quality of Life in version bref (WHOQOL-Bref) - General QOL and domains psychological, physical health, social relations and environment - and possible influencing factors. RESULTS The increase in Body Mass Index (BMI) reduces on average 0.47 points in physical domain assessment score. The increase of healthy establishments within the buffer increases on average 0.52 points in the physical domain score. Being female reduces, on average, 5.35 points in the psychological domain evaluation score. Adults who practiced less than 150 min a week of leisure-time physical activity had a 3.27 point average reduction in the social relations domain assessment score. The increase in the number of Supermarkets and Hypermarkets in the buffer increases on average 2.18 points from the Social Relations domain score. CONCLUSIONS Individual and contextual factors were associated with the QOL of adults who underwent bariatric surgery. Although the surgery yields positive results, the maintenance of same is strongly related to changes in lifestyle, the built environment and multi-professional guidance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Dayrell de Oliveira Lima
- Postgraduate Program in Nursing, School of Nursing, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais Brazil
| | - Thales Philipe Rodrigues da Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Child and Adolescent Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais Brazil
| | - Mariana Carvalho de Menezes
- Departament of Clinical and Social Nutrition, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais Brazil
| | - Larissa Loures Mendes
- Department of Nutrition, School of Nursing, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais Brazil
| | - Milene Cristine Pessoa
- Department of Nutrition, School of Nursing, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Bruna Figueiredo Manzo
- Department of Maternal Child Nursing and Public Health, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais Brazil
| | - Allana dos Reis Corrêa
- Basic Nursing Departament, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais Brazil
| | | | | | - Giselle Lima de Freitas
- Department of Maternal Child Nursing and Public Health, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais Brazil
| | | | - Marco Aurélio de Sousa
- Postgraduate Program in Nursing, School of Nursing, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais Brazil
| | - Fernanda Penido Matozinhos
- Department of Maternal Child Nursing and Public Health, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais Brazil
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22
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Padilha LL, Ribeiro CCC, Nascimento JXPT, Simões VMF, Vitti FP, Cardoso VC, Vianna EO, Barbieri MA, Silva AAMD, Bettiol H. Lifetime overweight and adult asthma: 1978/1979 Ribeirão Preto Birth Cohort, São Paulo, Brazil. CAD SAUDE PUBLICA 2020; 36:e00041519. [PMID: 32187287 DOI: 10.1590/0102-311x00041519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies focusing on obesity and asthma frequently consider the weight at a given time; thus, modeling pathways through lifetime overweight may contribute to elucidate temporal aspects in this relationship. This study modeled the pathways in the association of lifetime overweight with asthma in adult life, using data from the 1978/1979 Birth Cohort, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil (n = 2,063) at birth (baseline), school age (9/11 years) and adult age (23/25 years). A theoretical model was proposed to explore the effects of lifetime overweight on asthma in adult life analyzed by structural equation modeling. Parental obesity (SC - standardized coefficenttotal = 0.211, p < 0.001; SCdirect = 0.115, p = 0.007) and overweight at school age (SCtotal = 0.565, p < 0.0001; SCdirect = 0.565, p < 0.0001) were associated with overweight in adult life. Parental obesity (SCdirect = 0.105, p = 0.047) and nutritional status at birth (SCtotal = -0.124, p = 0.009; SCdirect = -0.131, p = 0.007) were associated with asthma in adult life. A higher "current adult socieconomic situation" was inversely associated to overweight (SCdirect = -0.171, p = 0.020) and to asthma in adult life (SCtotal = -0.179, p = 0.041; SCdirect = -0.182, p = 0.039). Parental obesity showed a transgenerational effect in weight, triggering to childhood and adulthood overweight. Parallel to underweight at birth, parental obesity was also a risk to asthma in adult life. While, the socioeconomic status in adult life protected from both, overweight and asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Fernanda Pino Vitti
- Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Viviane Cunha Cardoso
- Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Elcio Oliveira Vianna
- Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Marco Antônio Barbieri
- Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | | | - Heloísa Bettiol
- Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
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23
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Genome-Wide Detection of Key Genes and Epigenetic Markers for Chicken Fatty Liver. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21051800. [PMID: 32151087 PMCID: PMC7084419 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21051800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Chickens are one of the most important sources of meat worldwide, and the occurrence of fatty liver syndrome (FLS) is closely related to production efficiency. However, the potential mechanism of FLS remains poorly understood. An integrated analysis of data from whole-genome bisulfite sequencing and long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) sequencing was conducted. A total of 1177 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 1442 differentially methylated genes (DMGs) were found. There were 72% of 83 lipid- and glucose-related genes upregulated; 81% of 150 immune-related genes were downregulated in fatty livers. Part of those genes was within differentially methylated regions (DMRs). Besides, sixty-seven lncRNAs were identified differentially expressed and divided into 13 clusters based on their expression pattern. Some lipid- and glucose-related lncRNAs (e.g., LNC_006756, LNC_012355, and LNC_005024) and immune-related lncRNAs (e.g., LNC_010111, LNC_010862, and LNC_001272) were found through a co-expression network and functional annotation. From the expression and epigenetic profiles, 23 target genes (e.g., HAO1, ABCD3, and BLMH) were found to be hub genes that were regulated by both methylation and lncRNAs. We have provided comprehensive epigenetic and transcriptomic profiles on FLS in chicken, and the identification of key genes and epigenetic markers will expand our understanding of the molecular mechanism of chicken FLS.
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24
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Rastogi D. Pediatric obesity-related asthma: A prototype of pediatric severe non-T2 asthma. Pediatr Pulmonol 2020; 55:809-817. [PMID: 31912992 PMCID: PMC7694442 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.24600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Childhood obesity contributes to many diseases, including asthma. There is literature to suggest that asthma developing as a consequence of obesity has a nonallergic or non-T2 phenotype. In this review, obesity-related asthma is utilized as a prototype of non-T2 asthma in children to discuss several nonallergic mechanisms that underlie childhood asthma. Obesity-related asthma is associated with systemic T helper (Th)1 polarization occurring with monocyte activation. These immune responses are mediated by insulin resistance and dyslipidemia, metabolic abnormalities associated with obesity, that are themselves associated with pulmonary function deficits in obese asthmatics. As in other multifactorial diseases, there is both a genetic and an environmental contribution to pediatric obesity-related asthma. In addition to genetic susceptibility, differential DNA methylation is associated with non-T2 immune responses in pediatric obesity-related asthma. Initial investigations into the biology of non-T2 immune responses have identified the upregulation of genes in the CDC42 pathway. CDC42 is a RhoGTPase that plays a key role in Th cell physiology, including preferential naïve Th cell differentiation to Th1 cells, and cytokine production and exocytosis. Although these novel pathways are promising findings to direct targeted therapy development for obesity-related asthma to address the disease burden, there is evidence to suggest that dietary interventions, including diet modification, rather than caloric restriction alone, decrease disease burden. Adoption of a diet rich in micronutrients, including carotenoids and 25-OH cholecalciferol, a vitamin D metabolite, may be beneficial since these are positively correlated with pulmonary function indices, while being protective against metabolic abnormalities associated with the obese asthma phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepa Rastogi
- Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
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25
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Kim Y, Kim J, Lim JE, Oh B, Won S, Kim MK. Genome-wide interaction study of single-nucleotide polymorphisms and alcohol consumption on blood pressure: The Ansan and Ansung study of the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study (KoGES). Genet Epidemiol 2020; 44:300-310. [PMID: 32048322 DOI: 10.1002/gepi.22285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 01/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Hypertension is a common disease worldwide. Alcohol consumption is one of the risk factors for hypertension, however, it is unclear how alcohol consumption elevates blood pressure. Blood pressure could be affected by interactions between genetic variations and alcohol consumption. Thus, we performed a genome-wide interaction study (GWIS) to assess the effect of gene-alcohol consumption interaction on blood pressure among adults aged ≥40 years from the Ansan and Ansung cohort study (n = 6,176), a part of the Korean Genome Epidemiology Study (KoGES). As a result, rs1297184, single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in locus LGR5 was significant (PGWIS = 8.78 × 10-9 ) in GWIS analysis on diastolic blood pressure, but not on systolic blood pressure. However, there was a heteroscedasticity of alcohol consumption. In the GWIS analysis, applying the inverse-variance weighting to correct the systematic inflation slightly attenuated the strength of interaction (PGWIS_IVW = 7.14 × 10-8 ). This interaction was replicated in the Health Examinees cohort (p = .026), a large-scale community-based cohort (n = 18,708). In conclusion, we identified a possible novel interaction between an SNP (rs1297184) and alcohol consumption on blood pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngjun Kim
- Department of Public Health Science, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea.,Laboratory of Research and Development for Genomics, Cheil General Hospital and Women's Healthcare Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jihye Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ji Eun Lim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Bermseok Oh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sungho Won
- Department of Public Health Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Mi Kyung Kim
- Department of Public Health Science, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
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26
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Figueiredo RADO, Simola-Ström S, Rounge TB, Viljakainen H, Eriksson JG, Roos E, Weiderpass E. Cohort Profile: The Finnish Health in Teens (Fin-HIT) study: a population-based study. Int J Epidemiol 2020; 48:23-24h. [PMID: 30212855 PMCID: PMC6380305 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyy189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Trine B Rounge
- Genetic Epidemiology Group, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Institute of Population-Based Cancer Research, Oslo, Norway
| | - Heli Viljakainen
- Genetic Epidemiology Group, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Johan G Eriksson
- Genetic Epidemiology Group, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of General Practice and Primary Healthcare, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eva Roos
- Genetic Epidemiology Group, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Elisabete Weiderpass
- Genetic Epidemiology Group, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Institute of Population-Based Cancer Research, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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27
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Mahmoudi-Nezhad M, Farhangi MA, Kahroba H. Cocaine and amphetamine-regulated transcript prepropeptide gene (CARTPT) polymorphism interacts with Diet Quality Index-International (DQI-I) and Healthy Eating Index (HEI) to affect hypothalamic hormones and cardio-metabolic risk factors among obese individuals. J Transl Med 2020; 18:16. [PMID: 31918705 PMCID: PMC6953221 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-020-02208-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiologic studies show that cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript prepropeptide (CARTPT) gene polymorphism modifies diet-obesity relationships. However, the interaction between CARTPT gene polymorphism and diet quality indices have not been investigated yet. The current study was aimed to evaluate the interaction between major dietary indices including Diet Quality Index-International (DQI-I) and Healthy Eating Index (HEI)-2015 and CARTPT gene rs2239670 variants among apparently healthy obese Iranians. METHODS This cross-sectional study was carried out by employing 288 apparently healthy obese adults aged 20-50 years with a BMI of 30-40 kg/m2. Diet quality was evaluated by Diet Quality Index-International (DQI-I) and Healthy Eating Index-2015 (HEI-2015) using a 132-items semi-quantitative validated food frequency questionnaire. The CARTPT gene rs2239670 polymorphism was genotyped by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) technique. Blood concentrations of glycemic markers, lipid profile, α-melanocyte stimulating hormone (MSH) and agouti-related peptide (AgRP) were also measured. ANCOVA multivariate interaction model was used to analyze gene-diet interactions. RESULTS The significant interactions were identified between CARTPT gene polymorphism and HEI, affecting BMR (PInteraction = 0.003), serum glucose (PInteraction = 0.009) and high density lipoprotein cholesterol HDL concentrations (PInteraction = 0.03) after adjusting for the effects of sex and age. Also we found gene-diet interaction between CARTPT genotypes and DQI-I in terms of fat mass (FM; PInteraction = 0.02), waist circumference (WC; PInteraction < 0.001), body mass index (BMI; PInteraction < 0.001), basal metabolic rate (BMR, PInteraction < 0.001), serum fasting glucose (PInteraction < 0.01) and AgRP (PInteraction = 0.05) in individuals even after adjusting for potential confounders. CONCLUSION Current study showed the effects of interaction between CARTPT genotype with adherence to HEI and DQI-I scores on obesity-related anthropometric and metabolic risk-factors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mahdieh Abbasalizad Farhangi
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Attar-Neishabouri Ave, Golgasht St, Tabriz, 5165665931, Iran.
| | - Houman Kahroba
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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28
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Interactions between DRD2/ANKK1 TaqIA Polymorphism and Dietary Factors Influence Plasma Triglyceride Concentrations in Diabetic Patients from Western Mexico: A Cross-sectional Study. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11122863. [PMID: 31766642 PMCID: PMC6949992 DOI: 10.3390/nu11122863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to screen relevant interactions between DRD2/ANKK1 TaqIA polymorphism and dietary intakes with reference to phenotypical features in patients with T2D from western Mexico. In this cross-sectional study, a total of 175 T2D patients were enrolled. Dietary intake was evaluated using 3-day food records and appropriate software. Glycemic and blood lipid profiles were measured by standardized methods. Genotyping of the DRD2/ANKK1 TaqIA polymorphism was performed by the RFLP method. Gene-diet interactions regarding anthropometric and metabolic phenotypes were screened by adjusted multiple linear regression analyses. Genotype frequencies of the DRD2/ANKK1 TaqIA polymorphism were A1A1 (16.0%), A1A2 (52.6%), and A2A2 (31.4%). Statistically significant interactions between the DRD2/ANKK1 TaqIA genotypes and dietary factors in relation to blood triglyceride (TG) levels were found. Carriers of the A1 allele (A1A1 homozygotes plus A1A2 heterozygotes) were protected from TG increases by maltose intake (P int. = 0.023). Instead, A2A2 homozygotes were susceptible to TG rises through consumptions of total fat (P int. = 0.041), monounsaturated fatty acids (P int. = 0.001), and dietary cholesterol (P int. = 0.019). This study suggests that the interactions between DRD2/ANKK1 TaqIA polymorphism and dietary factors (sugar and fats) influence TG levels in diabetic patients.
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29
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Kim J. Are genes destiny? Exploring the role of intrauterine environment in moderating genetic influences on body mass. Am J Hum Biol 2019; 32:e23354. [PMID: 31702102 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.23354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Genes influence every aspect of human behavior, physiology, and health. Obesity, a major global public health concern, is no exception. However, relatively little is known about whether environmental factors moderate the effects of genetic influences on body mass. By incorporating molecular genetics and the fetal origins of obesity hypothesis into a gene-environment interaction framework, this study investigates how the effect of the obesity-associated gene (FTO) interacts with the effect of intrauterine environment to influence body mass during adulthood. METHODS This study uses data from the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study, and uses sibling comparisons that allow for quasi-experimental variation in both genetic and environmental factors. RESULTS This study found positive, but noisy, within-family estimates of the FTO-body mass index (BMI) association. The association between birth weight and adult BMI was robust to controlling for unobserved family background factors. More importantly, this study revealed that the association between having a risk allele of the FTO gene and BMI (and obesity status) is largely concentrated among individuals who were heavier at birth. This provides evidence of a gene-environment interaction on BMI (and the development of obesity). CONCLUSIONS Genes are not destiny and environmental factors may offset the effects of obesity-promoting genes. Public health efforts to counteract genetic effects on body mass may begin as early as in utero. Efforts to prevent higher birth weight may thus help reduce the risk of obesity later in life, by directly addressing the programming effects of the in utero environment and also indirectly moderating obesity-promoting genetic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinho Kim
- Department of Sociology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
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30
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Abstract
The aim of this review was to identify and, particularly, to classify all the numerous environmental factors that play a significant role in the environment-dependent body weight dysregulation. The main environmental obesogenic factors are related to build environment such as city plan, transport and school, inactivity, TV and screen-related immobility, smart-phone, video games; they are followed by agroalimentary factors such as imbalanced ingredients, pollutants, speed eating, portion size, sweet drinks, nibbling and junk foods supported by publicity, sociocultural and ethnic factors beside the global environmental changes and seasonal light/dark photoperiod. Beside the analytical examination of the obesogenic factors it is mentioned the cumulative effect that tends to coexist in the same population and thus magnify their pathogenic consequences. In addition, more than one obesogenic factors are present in the same population because they are the expression of another underlying common cause - poverty; such a recognition leads towards socio-economic considerations and consequently towards 'political' solutions that are beyond our scientific approach. The mechanism of action of the environmental influence includes the serotonergic system and insulin resistance. More recently, it was shown an environment dependent powerful microbiotic implication. Since obesity is influenced by genetically transmitted changes modulated by environment and lifestyle risk factors it is important to understand the genomic mechanism that allows these interactions. It was shown that obesity-predisposing gene variants that interact with environmental exposures use the DNA methylation epigenetic mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stylianos Nicolaidis
- Neurobiologie des Régulations du Collège de France affilié au CNRS, 84 Blvd du maréchal Joffre, 92340 Bourg la Reine, France.
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31
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Chang CS, Ruan JW, Kao CY. An overview of microbiome based strategies on anti-obesity. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 2019; 35:7-16. [PMID: 30844145 DOI: 10.1002/kjm2.12010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
With the significant global obesity epidemic and emerging strong scientific evidence that connected gut microbiota to obesity, intervening obesity by targeting gut microbiota has become a trendy strategy. Particularly the application of probiotics has become remarkably popular because of their expected association with gut microbiota modulation. Although there are many literatures on the effects of probiotics in obese animal models, most of them reported the effects of probiotic bacteria on metabolic indications with limited information on anti-obesity itself. Besides, some probiotics have been shown to reduce certain metabolic symptoms but they failed to achieve weight loss. This report reviewed the current literatures on the anti-obesity effects of next-generation probiotics in various animal obesity models and discussed the beneficial potential of fecal microbiota transplantation in treating obesity in humans. The purpose of this article is to help guide further research improve the probiotic bacteria experiments in more precise animal obesity models by standardizing the anti-obesogenesis, obesity control, and treatment assays and hopefully the evidence-based investigations on harnessing gut microbiota through next-generation probiotics or fecal microbiota transplantation will develop new interventions to promote and achieve anti-obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cherng-Shyang Chang
- Immunology Research Center, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Jhen-Wei Ruan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Yuan Kao
- Immunology Research Center, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli, Taiwan
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32
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Celis-Morales CA, Lyall DM, Bailey MES, Petermann-Rocha F, Anderson J, Ward J, Mackay DF, Welsh P, Pell JP, Sattar N, Gill JMR, Gray SR. The Combination of Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviors Modifies the Genetic Predisposition to Obesity. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2019; 27:653-661. [PMID: 30900409 DOI: 10.1002/oby.22417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate whether the association between a validated genetic profile risk score for BMI (GPRS-BMI) (based on 93 single-nucleotide polymorphisms) and phenotypic obesity (BMI) was modified by the combined categories of physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviors in a large population-based study. METHODS This study included cross-sectional baseline data from 338,216 white European adult men and women aged 37 to 73 years. Interaction effects of GPRS-BMI with the combined categories of PA and sedentary behaviors on BMI were investigated. RESULTS There was a significant interaction between GPRS-BMI and the combined categories of objectively measured PA and total sedentary behavior (P[interaction] = 3.5 × 10-6 ); among physically inactive and highly sedentary individuals, BMI was higher by 0.60 kg/m2 per 1-SD increase in GPRS-obesity (P = 8.9 × 10-50 ), whereas the relevant BMI difference was 38% lower among physically active individuals and those with low sedentary time (β: 0.37 kg/m2 ; P = 2.3 × 10-51 ). A similar pattern was observed for the combined categories of objective PA and TV viewing (inactive/high TV viewing β: 0.60 vs. active/low TV viewing β: 0.40 kg/m2 ; P[interaction] = 2.9 × 10-6 ). CONCLUSIONS This study provides evidence that combined categories of PA and sedentary behaviors modify the extent to which genetic predisposition to obesity results in higher BMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos A Celis-Morales
- British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- Centre for Research in Exercise Physiology (CIFE), Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
| | - Donald M Lyall
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Mark E S Bailey
- School of Life Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Fanny Petermann-Rocha
- British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Jana Anderson
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Joey Ward
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Daniel F Mackay
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Paul Welsh
- British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Jill P Pell
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Naveed Sattar
- British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Jason M R Gill
- British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Stuart R Gray
- British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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Nasreddine L, Akika R, Mailhac A, Tamim H, Zgheib NK. The Interaction between Genetic Polymorphisms in FTO and TCF7L2 Genes and Dietary Intake with Regard to Body Mass and Composition: An Exploratory Study. J Pers Med 2019; 9:jpm9010011. [PMID: 30764585 PMCID: PMC6463113 DOI: 10.3390/jpm9010011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
In contrast to the large number of genetic studies on obesity, there has been significantly less nutrigenetics investigation of the interaction between diet and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in obesity, especially within Eastern Mediterranean populations. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential interactions between three candidate SNPs, namely, rs1558902 and rs9939609 in the fat mass and obesity (FTO) gene and the rs7903146 variant of the Transcription factor 7 like 2 (TCF7L2) gene, and macronutrient intake with regard to obesity, body fat, and muscle composition. Three hundred and eight healthy Lebanese adults were included in this study. Data collection included a questionnaire for demographics and lifestyle in addition to a detailed dietary assessment using a culture-specific 80-item semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. This was coupled with anthropometric measurements and peripheral blood withdrawal for DNA and genotyping using Taqman allele discrimination assays. The two FTO candidate SNPs were not associated with risk of obesity in this population sample, yet there was a trend, though not a significant one, towards lower muscle mass among carriers of the risk allele of either FTO SNPs. To our knowledge, these results have not been previously reported. As for the TCF7L2rs7903146 variant, results were congruent with the literature, given that individuals who were homozygous for the risk allele had significantly higher body mass index (BMI) and body fat despite lower intakes of saturated fat. Similar interactions, though not significant, were shown with muscle mass, whereby individuals who were homozygous for the risk allele had lower muscle mass with higher intakes of saturated fat, a result that, to our knowledge, has not been previously reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Nasreddine
- Department of Nutrition & Food Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, PO Box 11-0236, Riad El-Solh 1107 2020, Lebanon.
| | - Reem Akika
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, PO Box 11-0236, Riad El-Solh 1107 2020, Lebanon.
| | - Aurelie Mailhac
- Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, PO Box 11-0236, Riad El-Solh 1107 2020, Lebanon.
| | - Hani Tamim
- Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, PO Box 11-0236, Riad El-Solh 1107 2020, Lebanon.
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, PO Box 11-0236, Riad El-Solh 1107 2020, Beirut, Lebanon.
| | - Nathalie Khoueiry Zgheib
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, PO Box 11-0236, Riad El-Solh 1107 2020, Lebanon.
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León-Mimila P, Villamil-Ramírez H, López-Contreras BE, Morán-Ramos S, Macias-Kauffer LR, Acuña-Alonzo V, Del Río-Navarro BE, Salmerón J, Velazquez-Cruz R, Villarreal-Molina T, Aguilar-Salinas CA, Canizales-Quinteros S. Low Salivary Amylase Gene ( AMY1) Copy Number Is Associated with Obesity and Gut Prevotella Abundance in Mexican Children and Adults. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10111607. [PMID: 30388780 PMCID: PMC6266693 DOI: 10.3390/nu10111607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 10/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified copy number variants (CNVs) associated with obesity in chromosomal regions 1p31.1, 10q11.22, 11q11, 16p12.3, and recently 1p21.1, which contains the salivary amylase gene (AMY1). Recent evidence suggests this enzyme may influence gut microbiota composition through carbohydrate (mainly starch) degradation. The role of these CNVs in obesity has been scarcely explored in the Latino population, and thus the aim of our study was to evaluate the association of 1p31.1, 10q11.22, 11q11, 16p12.3 and 1p21.1 CNVs with obesity in 921 Mexican children, to replicate significant associations in 920 Mexican adults, and to analyze the association of AMY1 copy number with gut microbiota in 75 children and 45 adults. Of the five CNVs analyzed, 1q11 CNV was significantly associated with obesity in children, but not in adults. Only AMY1 CNV was significantly associated with obesity in both age groups. Moreover, gut microbiota analyses revealed a positive correlation between AMY1 copy number and Prevotella abundance. This genus has enzymes and gene clusters essential for complex polysaccharide degradation and utilization. To our knowledge, this is the first study to analyze the association of these five CNVs in the Mexican population and to report a correlation between AMY1 CN and gut microbiota in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola León-Mimila
- Facultad de Química, Unidad de Genómica de Poblaciones Aplicada a la Salud, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM)/Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica (INMEGEN), Mexico City 14610, Mexico.
| | - Hugo Villamil-Ramírez
- Facultad de Química, Unidad de Genómica de Poblaciones Aplicada a la Salud, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM)/Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica (INMEGEN), Mexico City 14610, Mexico.
| | - Blanca E López-Contreras
- Facultad de Química, Unidad de Genómica de Poblaciones Aplicada a la Salud, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM)/Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica (INMEGEN), Mexico City 14610, Mexico.
| | - Sofía Morán-Ramos
- Facultad de Química, Unidad de Genómica de Poblaciones Aplicada a la Salud, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM)/Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica (INMEGEN), Mexico City 14610, Mexico.
- Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACYT), Mexico City 03940, Mexico.
| | - Luis R Macias-Kauffer
- Facultad de Química, Unidad de Genómica de Poblaciones Aplicada a la Salud, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM)/Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica (INMEGEN), Mexico City 14610, Mexico.
| | - Víctor Acuña-Alonzo
- Escuela Nacional de Antropología e Historia, Laboratorio de genética molecular, Mexico City 14030, Mexico.
| | - Blanca E Del Río-Navarro
- Departamento de Alergia e Inmunología Clínica, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Mexico City 06720, Mexico.
| | - Jorge Salmerón
- Unidad Académica de Investigación Epidemiológica del Centro de Investigación en Políticas, Población y Salud, Facultad de Medicina-UNAM, Mexico City 04510, Mexico.
| | | | | | - Carlos A Aguilar-Salinas
- Unidad de Investigación en Enfermedades Metabólicas and Departamento de Endocrinología y Metabolismo, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City 14000, Mexico.
- Tecnológico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Monterrey, Nuevo León 64710, Mexico.
| | - Samuel Canizales-Quinteros
- Facultad de Química, Unidad de Genómica de Poblaciones Aplicada a la Salud, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM)/Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica (INMEGEN), Mexico City 14610, Mexico.
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Wang N, Lu M, Chen C, Xia F, Han B, Li Q, Cheng J, Chen Y, Zhu C, Jensen MD, Lu Y. Adiposity Genetic Risk Score Modifies the Association Between Blood Lead Level and Body Mass Index. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2018; 103:4005-4013. [PMID: 30202913 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2018-00472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Previous epidemiological studies had inconsistent results regarding the relationship between blood lead level (BLL) and adiposity. OBJECTIVE We aimed to investigate the associations of BLL with body mass index (BMI) particularly using Mendelian randomization analyses and examine the interaction between obesity-predisposing genes and BLL on the associations. DESIGN AND SETTING A total of 3922 participants were enrolled from 16 sites in East China in 2014 from the Survey on Prevalence in East China for Metabolic Diseases and Risk Factors (ChiCTR-ECS-14005052, www.chictr.org.cn). We calculated the weighted BMI genetic risk score (GRS) based on 29 variants that were identified and validated in East Asians. BLL was measured by atomic absorption spectrometry. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE BMI was calculated, and BMI ≥25 kg/m2 was defined as overweight. RESULTS Multivariable logistic regression analysis demonstrated significant associations between BMI with each unit increase in lnBLL (β = 0.24; 95% CI, 0.08 to 0.40; P < 0.001) and each 1-point increase in BMI-GRS (β = 0.08; 95% CI, 0.05 to 0.11; P < 0.001). The causal regression coefficients of genetically determined BMI for lnBLL were -0.003 (95% CI, -0.075 to 0.070), which showed no significance. The GRS modified the association of BLL with BMI and overweight (BMI ≥25 kg/m2; P for interaction = 0.031 and 0.001, respectively). Each unit of lnBLL was associated with 63% higher odds of overweight (OR 1.63; 95% CI, 1.30 to 2.05) in the highest quartile of GRS, but no significant associations were found in the lower three quartiles. CONCLUSIONS The associations of BLL with BMI and overweight (BMI ≥25 kg/m2) were significantly modulated by BMI genetic susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningjian Wang
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Meng Lu
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chi Chen
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fangzhen Xia
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bing Han
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qin Li
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Cheng
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Chen
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunfang Zhu
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Yingli Lu
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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You JY, Kim YJ, Shin WY, Kim NY, Cho SH, Kim JH. Heritability of muscle mass in Korean parent-offspring pairs in the Fifth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES V). Maturitas 2018; 114:67-72. [PMID: 29907249 DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2018.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Revised: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Decreased muscle mass is known to be associated with several serious medical conditions. We analyzed the Fifth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES V, 2010-2011) to estimate the heritability of muscle mass in Korean parent-offspring pairs. STUDY DESIGN Cross-sectional. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES A total of 1233 parents (average age 57.67 ± 8.50 years) and 917 offspring (average age 29.10 ± 7.57 years) from 743 families were included in the analysis. Muscle mass was estimated based on three different indices: appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM) measured with a dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), weight-adjusted ASM (SMI), and height-adjusted ASM (RASM). The heritability was estimated by employing the maximum-likelihood variance components implemented in Sequential Oligogenic Linkage Analysis Routines (SOLAR). The best-fitting model was determined out of four polygenic models. Pearson's partial correlation coefficient was also calculated using the muscle mass indices to further study the association between father or mother and son or daughter pairs. RESULTS The heritability estimates of the muscle mass indices ranged from 55% to 80% (all p < 0.01). The correlation coefficient of father and offspring ranged from 0.11 to 0.40, while that of mother and offspring ranged from 0.23 to 0.43 (all p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS The heritability estimates of muscle mass in Koreans are large and significant, suggesting that parental muscle mass is an important predictor of the offspring's muscle mass. The result implies that there may be a genetic factor partly determining muscle mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Young You
- Department of Family Medicine, Chung-Ang University Medical Center, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Jee Kim
- Department of Family Medicine, Chung-Ang University Medical Center, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo-Young Shin
- Department of Family Medicine, Chung-Ang University Medical Center, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Na-Yeon Kim
- Department of Family Medicine, Chung-Ang University Medical Center, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Hyun Cho
- Department of Family Medicine, Chung-Ang University Medical Center, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Ha Kim
- Department of Family Medicine, Chung-Ang University Medical Center, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Carranza-González L, León-Cachón RBR, González-Zavala MA, Ríos-Ibarra C, Morlett-Chávez J, Sánchez-Domínguez C, Cepeda-Nieto A, Salinas-Santander M. ACE, APOA5, and MTP Gene Polymorphisms Analysis in Relation to Triglyceride and Insulin Levels in Pediatric Patients. Arch Med Res 2018; 49:94-100. [PMID: 29705673 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2018.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Obesity is a complex, chronic, and multifactorial disease that has become a major, and worldwide, public health problem contributing to an increased number of pathologies, including type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, hyperlipidemia, and metabolic syndrome, thus suggesting a commolon origin. A diet high in sugar and fats coupled with a sedentary lifestyle has a major role in the development of obesity. However, the genetic background has also been associated with body fat accumulation. The aim of this study was to assess the effect ofACE-rs4646994, APOA5-rs662799, and MTP-rs1800591 gene polymorphisms on clinical and biochemical parameters and to evaluate the association with body phenotypes in children and adolescent population of Saltillo, Coahuila, Mexico. METHODS Anthropometric, clinical, biochemical parameters and BMI were obtained from 405 children and adolescents. The BMI was used to determine the body phenotype. The rs4646994 gene polymorphism was determined by PCR, whereas rs662799 and rs1800591 were determined by PCR-RFLP. The obtained results were analyzed to determine their association of these single nucleotide polymorphisms with body phenotype and biochemical parameters. RESULTS TT genotype for APOA5-rs662799 was associated with increased levels of HDL-C in the analyzed population (p <0.05). The ACErs4646994gene polymorphism is associated with high Insulin levels, HOMAIR index, and triglyceride levels, mainly when presenting a I/I genotype (p <0.05). CONCLUSION The polymorphic allele of the ACE gene is capable of modulating triglyceride levels, insulin levels and HOMA-IR index in the evaluated population; it must be highlighted that this has not been reported in other studied populations elsewhere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilia Carranza-González
- Laboratorio de Análisis Clínico, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Saltillo, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Coahuila, México
| | - Rafael B R León-Cachón
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, División de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Monterrey, San Pedro Garza García, Nuevo León, México
| | - María Antonia González-Zavala
- Laboratorio de Análisis Clínico, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Saltillo, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Coahuila, México
| | - Clara Ríos-Ibarra
- Departamento de Bioingeniería, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Campus Guadalajara, Guadalajara, México
| | - Jesús Morlett-Chávez
- Departamento de Investigación Alimentaria, Escuela de Química Saltillo, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Coahuila, México
| | - Celia Sánchez-Domínguez
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Nuevo León, México
| | - Ana Cepeda-Nieto
- Departamento de Investigación, Facultad de Medicina de la Unidad Saltillo, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Saltillo, Coahuila, México
| | - Mauricio Salinas-Santander
- Departamento de Investigación, Facultad de Medicina de la Unidad Saltillo, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Saltillo, Coahuila, México.
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Alteration of Hepatic Gene Expression along with the Inherited Phenotype of Acquired Fatty Liver in Chicken. Genes (Basel) 2018; 9:genes9040199. [PMID: 29642504 PMCID: PMC5924541 DOI: 10.3390/genes9040199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 03/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Fatty liver is a widespread disease in chickens that causes a decrease in egg production and even death. The characteristics of the inherited phenotype of acquired fatty liver and the molecular mechanisms underlying it, however, are largely unknown. In the current study, fatty liver was induced in 3 breeds by a high-fat (HF) diet and a methionine choline-deficient (MCD) diet. The results showed that the dwarf Jingxing-Huang (JXH) chicken was more susceptible to fatty liver compared with the layer White Leghorns (WL) and local Beijing-You (BJY) breeds. In addition, it was found that the paternal fatty livers induced by HF diet in JXH chickens were inherited. Compared to birds without fatty liver in the control group, both offsprings and their sires with fatty livers in the paternal group exhibited altered hepatic gene expression profiles, including upregulation of several key genes involved in fatty acid metabolism, lipid metabolism and glucose metabolism (ACACA, FASN, SCD, ACSL5, FADS2, FABP1, APOA4 and ME1). This study uniquely revealed that acquired fatty liver in cocks can be inherited. The hepatic gene expression profiles were altered in chickens with the inherited phenotype of acquired paternal fatty liver and several genes could be candidate biomarkers.
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Bost KK, Teran-Garcia M, Donovan SM, Fiese BH. Child body mass index, genotype and parenting in the prediction of restrictive feeding. Pediatr Obes 2018; 13:239-246. [PMID: 28429405 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.12219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Revised: 01/29/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Restrictive feeding is implicated in pediatric obesity, and caregivers increase controlling feeding practices on the basis of higher child weight status. However, few studies have examined how child genetic and parenting characteristics together impact restrictive feeding. OBJECTIVES We examined whether child body mass index (BMI) status predicts caregiver use of restrictive feeding and if this association is moderated by (i) caregiver strategies to manage their children's distress and (ii) child variations in the catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) gene (Val158 Met, rs4680). METHODS Participants included 126 Caucasian children (50% girls) and their caregivers who were participating in a larger study in the USA. Caregivers reported on their feeding practices and responses to child distress when children were 2.5-3.5 years of age. Child anthropometric measurements were also obtained. Restrictive feeding was assessed again 1-1.5 years later. Genomic DNA was obtained from saliva samples, and COMT-rs4680 was genotyped using TaqMan® methodology. RESULTS Child BMI percentile predicted subsequent caregiver restrictive feeding for children who were Met/Met and who had caregivers reporting higher use of negative responses to child distress. For Val carriers, BMI percentile predicted restrictive feeding when caregivers were below the mean on these responses. CONCLUSIONS Caregivers are at risk for use of restrictive feeding practices when their children are at higher BMI percentiles, and this association increases when caregivers use more ineffective stress regulation practices and their children are homozygous for the Met allele. Prevention programmes might focus on parenting behaviours that foster emotion regulation and consider variation in child responses to parenting.
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Affiliation(s)
- K K Bost
- Human Development and Family Studies, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, USA.,Family Resiliency Center, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - M Teran-Garcia
- Human Development and Family Studies, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, USA.,Family Resiliency Center, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - S M Donovan
- Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, USA.,Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - B H Fiese
- Human Development and Family Studies, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, USA.,Family Resiliency Center, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, USA
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Giri AK, Parekatt V, Dwivedi OP, Banerjee P, Bandesh K, Prasad G, Tandon N, Bharadwaj D. Common variants of ARID1A and KAT2B are associated with obesity in Indian adolescents. Sci Rep 2018; 8:3964. [PMID: 29500370 PMCID: PMC5834613 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-22231-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity involves alterations in transcriptional programs that can change in response to genetic and environmental signals through chromatin modifications. Since chromatin modifications involve different biochemical, neurological and molecular signaling pathways related to energy homeostasis, we hypothesize that genetic variations in chromatin modifier genes can predispose to obesity. Here, we assessed the associations between 179 variants in 35 chromatin modifier genes and overweight/obesity in 1283 adolescents (830 normal weight and 453 overweight/obese). This was followed up by the replication analysis of associated signals (18 variants in 8 genes) in 2247 adolescents (1709 normal weight and 538 overweight/obese). Our study revealed significant associations of two variants rs6598860 (OR = 1.27, P = 1.58 × 10–4) and rs4589135 (OR = 1.22, P = 3.72 × 10–4) in ARID1A with overweight/obesity. We also identified association of rs3804562 (β = 0.11, P = 1.35 × 10–4) in KAT2B gene with BMI. In conclusion, our study suggests a potential role of ARID1A and KAT2B genes in the development of obesity in adolescents and provides leads for further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil K Giri
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine Unit, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Sukhdev Vihar, Mathura Road, New Delhi, 110025, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology Campus, Sukhdev Vihar, Mathura Road, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Vaisak Parekatt
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine Unit, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Sukhdev Vihar, Mathura Road, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Om Prakash Dwivedi
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine Unit, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Sukhdev Vihar, Mathura Road, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Priyanka Banerjee
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine Unit, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Sukhdev Vihar, Mathura Road, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Khushdeep Bandesh
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine Unit, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Sukhdev Vihar, Mathura Road, New Delhi, 110025, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology Campus, Sukhdev Vihar, Mathura Road, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Gauri Prasad
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine Unit, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Sukhdev Vihar, Mathura Road, New Delhi, 110025, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology Campus, Sukhdev Vihar, Mathura Road, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Nikhil Tandon
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110608, India.
| | - Dwaipayan Bharadwaj
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine Unit, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Sukhdev Vihar, Mathura Road, New Delhi, 110025, India. .,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology Campus, Sukhdev Vihar, Mathura Road, New Delhi, 110025, India. .,Systems Genomics Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Mehrauli Road, Munirka, Delhi, 110067, India.
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Uppu S, Krishna A, Gopalan RP. A Review on Methods for Detecting SNP Interactions in High-Dimensional Genomic Data. IEEE/ACM TRANSACTIONS ON COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY AND BIOINFORMATICS 2018; 15:599-612. [PMID: 28060710 DOI: 10.1109/tcbb.2016.2635125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In this era of genome-wide association studies (GWAS), the quest for understanding the genetic architecture of complex diseases is rapidly increasing more than ever before. The development of high throughput genotyping and next generation sequencing technologies enables genetic epidemiological analysis of large scale data. These advances have led to the identification of a number of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) responsible for disease susceptibility. The interactions between SNPs associated with complex diseases are increasingly being explored in the current literature. These interaction studies are mathematically challenging and computationally complex. These challenges have been addressed by a number of data mining and machine learning approaches. This paper reviews the current methods and the related software packages to detect the SNP interactions that contribute to diseases. The issues that need to be considered when developing these models are addressed in this review. The paper also reviews the achievements in data simulation to evaluate the performance of these models. Further, it discusses the future of SNP interaction analysis.
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Impact of Genetic Variants on the Individual Potential for Body Fat Loss. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10030266. [PMID: 29495392 PMCID: PMC5872684 DOI: 10.3390/nu10030266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Revised: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The past decade has witnessed the discovery of obesity-related genetic variants and their functions through genome-wide association studies. Combinations of risk alleles can influence obesity phenotypes with different degrees of effectiveness across various individuals by interacting with environmental factors. We examined the interaction between genetic variation and changes in dietary habits or exercise that influences body fat loss from a large Korean cohort (n = 8840). Out of 673 obesity-related SNPs, a total of 100 SNPs (37 for carbohydrate intake; 19 for fat intake; 44 for total calories intake; 25 for exercise onset) identified to have gene-environment interaction effect in generalized linear model were used to calculate genetic risk scores (GRS). Based on the GRS distribution, we divided the population into four levels, namely, “very insensitive”, “insensitive”, “sensitive”, and “very sensitive” for each of the four categories, “carbohydrate intake”, “fat intake”, “total calories intake”, and “exercise”. Overall, the mean body fat loss became larger when the sensitivity level was increased. In conclusion, genetic variants influence the effectiveness of dietary regimes for body fat loss. Based on our findings, we suggest a platform for personalized body fat management by providing the most suitable and effective nutrition or activity plan specific to an individual.
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Arya R, Farook VS, Fowler SP, Puppala S, Chittoor G, Resendez RG, Mummidi S, Vanamala J, Almasy L, Curran JE, Comuzzie AG, Lehman DM, Jenkinson CP, Lynch JL, DeFronzo RA, Blangero J, Hale DE, Duggirala R, Diego VP. Genetic and environmental (physical fitness and sedentary activity) interaction effects on cardiometabolic risk factors in Mexican American children and adolescents. Genet Epidemiol 2018; 42:378-393. [PMID: 29460292 DOI: 10.1002/gepi.22114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Revised: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Knowledge on genetic and environmental (G × E) interaction effects on cardiometabolic risk factors (CMRFs) in children is limited. The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of G × E interaction effects on CMRFs in Mexican American (MA) children (n = 617, ages 6-17 years). The environments examined were sedentary activity (SA), assessed by recalls from "yesterday" (SAy) and "usually" (SAu) and physical fitness (PF) assessed by Harvard PF scores (HPFS). CMRF data included body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), fat mass (FM), fasting insulin (FI), homeostasis model of assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), triglycerides (TG), systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure, and number of metabolic syndrome components (MSC). We examined potential G × E interaction in the phenotypic expression of CMRFs using variance component models and likelihood-based statistical inference. Significant G × SA interactions were identified for six CMRFs: BMI, WC, FI, HOMA-IR, MSC, and HDL, and significant G × HPFS interactions were observed for four CMRFs: BMI, WC, FM, and HOMA-IR. However, after correcting for multiple hypothesis testing, only WC × SAy, FM × SAy, and FI × SAu interactions became marginally significant. After correcting for multiple testing, most of CMRFs exhibited significant G × E interactions (Reduced G × E model vs. Constrained model). These findings provide evidence that genetic factors interact with SA and PF to influence variation in CMRFs, and underscore the need for better understanding of these relationships to develop strategies and interventions to effectively reduce or prevent cardiometabolic risk in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rector Arya
- Department of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, Texas, United States of America.,South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, Texas, United States of America
| | - Vidya S Farook
- Department of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, Texas, United States of America.,South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, Texas, United States of America
| | - Sharon P Fowler
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Sobha Puppala
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Molecular Medicine Wake Forest Baptist Health Medical University, Winston-Salem, NC, United States of America
| | - Geetha Chittoor
- Biomedical and Translational Informatics Institute, Geisinger, Weis Center for Research, Danville, PA, United States of America
| | - Roy G Resendez
- Department of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, Texas, United States of America.,South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, Texas, United States of America
| | - Srinivas Mummidi
- Department of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, Texas, United States of America.,South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, Texas, United States of America
| | - Jairam Vanamala
- Department of Food Science, Penn State University, University Park, PA, United States of America
| | - Laura Almasy
- Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Joanne E Curran
- Department of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, Texas, United States of America.,South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, Texas, United States of America
| | - Anthony G Comuzzie
- The Obesity Society, 1110 Bonifant St. Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Donna M Lehman
- Department of Cellular & Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Christopher P Jenkinson
- Department of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, Texas, United States of America.,South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, Texas, United States of America
| | - Jane L Lynch
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Ralph A DeFronzo
- Department of Medicine, Division of Diabetes, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - John Blangero
- Department of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, Texas, United States of America.,South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, Texas, United States of America
| | - Daniel E Hale
- Penn State Hershey Pediatric Endocrinology, Penn State University, Hershey, PA, United States of America
| | - Ravindranath Duggirala
- Department of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, Texas, United States of America.,South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, Texas, United States of America
| | - Vincent P Diego
- Department of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, Texas, United States of America.,South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, Texas, United States of America
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Torre-Villalvazo I, Cervantes-Pérez LG, Noriega LG, Jiménez JV, Uribe N, Chávez-Canales M, Tovar-Palacio C, Marfil-Garza BA, Torres N, Bobadilla NA, Tovar AR, Gamba G. Inactivation of SPAK kinase reduces body weight gain in mice fed a high-fat diet by improving energy expenditure and insulin sensitivity. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2018; 314:E53-E65. [PMID: 29066461 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00108.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The STE20/SPS1-related proline-alanine-rich protein kinase (SPAK) controls the activity of the electroneutral cation-chloride cotransporters (SLC12 family) and thus physiological processes such as modulation of cell volume, intracellular chloride concentration [Cl-]i, and transepithelial salt transport. Modulation of SPAK kinase activity may have an impact on hypertension and obesity, as STK39, the gene encoding SPAK, has been suggested as a hypertension and obesity susceptibility gene. In fact, the absence of SPAK activity in mice in which the activating threonine in the T loop was substituted by alanine (SPAK-KI mice) is associated with decreased blood pressure; however its consequences in metabolism have not been explored. Here, we fed wild-type and homozygous SPAK-KI mice a high-fat diet for 17 wk to evaluate weight gain, circulating substrates and hormones, energy expenditure, glucose tolerance, and insulin sensitivity. SPAK-KI mice exhibit resistance to HFD-induced obesity and hepatic steatosis associated with increased energy expenditure, higher thermogenic activity in brown adipose tissue, increased mitochondrial activity in skeletal muscle, and reduced white adipose tissue hypertrophy mediated by augmented whole body insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance. Our data reveal a previously unrecognized role for the SPAK kinase in the regulation of energy balance, thermogenesis, and insulin sensitivity, suggesting that this kinase could be a new drug target for the treatment of obesity and the metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Torre-Villalvazo
- Department of Nutrition Physiology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán , Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Lilia G Noriega
- Department of Nutrition Physiology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán , Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jose V Jiménez
- Department of Nephrology and Mineral Metabolism, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán , Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Norma Uribe
- Department of Pathology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán , México City, Mexico
| | - María Chávez-Canales
- Molecular Physiology Unit, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Claudia Tovar-Palacio
- Department of Nephrology and Mineral Metabolism, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán , Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Braulio A Marfil-Garza
- Department of Nephrology and Mineral Metabolism, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán , Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Nimbe Torres
- Department of Nutrition Physiology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán , Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Norma A Bobadilla
- Department of Nephrology and Mineral Metabolism, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán , Mexico City, Mexico
- Molecular Physiology Unit, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Armando R Tovar
- Department of Nutrition Physiology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán , Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Gerardo Gamba
- Department of Nephrology and Mineral Metabolism, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán , Mexico City, Mexico
- Molecular Physiology Unit, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , Mexico City, Mexico
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y de Ciencias de la Salud, Monterrey, Mexico
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45
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Cook CM, McCormick CN, Knowles M, Kaden VN. A Commercially Available Portion-Controlled Diet Program Is More Effective for Weight Loss than a Self-Directed Diet: Results from a Randomized Clinical Trial. Front Nutr 2017; 4:55. [PMID: 29164129 PMCID: PMC5681920 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2017.00055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To examine changes in weight and related outcomes in response to a commercial weight loss program compared to a self-directed diet in adults with overweight or obesity. Design Participants were randomly assigned [stratified by body mass index (BMI) and age] to a commercial weight loss program (n = 38) or to a self-directed Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet (n = 40) for a 16-week period. Daily energy intake goals were 1,500 kcal/d for men and 1,200 kcal/d for women, except for the first week of the commercial program (1,000 kcal/d). This study was registered at http://ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03017443). Participants Primarily Caucasian (71%) women (n = 61) and men (n = 17) from the greater metropolitan area of the city of Chicago, IL, USA. with a mean baseline BMI of 34.4 kg/m2, body weight of 95.7 kg, and age of 50.4 years. Results Data = mean (95% CI). At week 16, the commercial program group lost significantly more body weight [−5.9 (−7.5, −4.3) kg vs. −1.8 (−2.9, −0.8) kg; or −6.4 vs. −1.8% of initial body weight, respectively], fat mass [−4.4 (−5.7, −3.1) kg vs. −1.2 (−2.1, −0.4) kg] and total body circumference (chest + waist + hip + upper arm + thigh) [−16.9 (−21.5, −12.3) cm vs. −5.8 (−9.0, −2.6) cm] (p < 0.01 for all). Additionally, more participants in the commercial program group lost a clinically meaningful amount of weight, defined as ≥5% of initial body weight, at week 16 (58% vs. 13%, p < 0.001). Conclusion The commercial program resulted in greater weight loss and improvements in body composition/anthropometric parameters compared to a self-directed DASH diet over a 16-week period. Some important limitations were that no objective measurements of dietary intake or physical activity were collected to potentially ascertain the independent or combined effects of these components on weight loss (or lack thereof). Additionally, future research is warranted in order to understand the effects of this program, and similar programs, on longer term changes in body weight, in particular weight loss maintenance, as weight regain is common following the cessation of a structured weight loss intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mandi Knowles
- Nutrisystem, Inc., Fort Washington, PA, United States
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Ritchie MD, Davis JR, Aschard H, Battle A, Conti D, Du M, Eskin E, Fallin MD, Hsu L, Kraft P, Moore JH, Pierce BL, Bien SA, Thomas DC, Wei P, Montgomery SB. Incorporation of Biological Knowledge Into the Study of Gene-Environment Interactions. Am J Epidemiol 2017; 186:771-777. [PMID: 28978191 PMCID: PMC5860556 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwx229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Revised: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A growing knowledge base of genetic and environmental information has greatly enabled the study of disease risk factors. However, the computational complexity and statistical burden of testing all variants by all environments has required novel study designs and hypothesis-driven approaches. We discuss how incorporating biological knowledge from model organisms, functional genomics, and integrative approaches can empower the discovery of novel gene-environment interactions and discuss specific methodological considerations with each approach. We consider specific examples where the application of these approaches has uncovered effects of gene-environment interactions relevant to drug response and immunity, and we highlight how such improvements enable a greater understanding of the pathogenesis of disease and the realization of precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marylyn D. Ritchie
- Correspondence to Dr. Stephen B. Montgomery, Departments of Genetics and Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305 (e-mail: ); or Dr. Marylyn D. Ritchie, Geisinger Health System, 205 Hood Center for Health Research, Center Street, Danville, PA 17821(e-mail: )
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Stephen B. Montgomery
- Correspondence to Dr. Stephen B. Montgomery, Departments of Genetics and Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305 (e-mail: ); or Dr. Marylyn D. Ritchie, Geisinger Health System, 205 Hood Center for Health Research, Center Street, Danville, PA 17821(e-mail: )
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47
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Albuquerque D, Nóbrega C, Manco L, Padez C. The contribution of genetics and environment to obesity. Br Med Bull 2017; 123:159-173. [PMID: 28910990 DOI: 10.1093/bmb/ldx022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is a global health problem mainly attributed to lifestyle changes such as diet, low physical activity or socioeconomics factors. However, several evidences consistently showed that genetics contributes significantly to the weight-gain susceptibility. SOURCES OF DATA A systematic literature search of most relevant original, review and meta-analysis, restricted to English was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science and Google scholar up to May 2017 concerning the contribution of genetics and environmental factors to obesity. AREAS OF AGREEMENT Several evidences suggest that obesogenic environments contribute to the development of an obese phenotype. However, not every individual from the same population, despite sharing the same obesogenic environment, develop obesity. AREAS OF CONTROVERSY After more than 10 years of investigation on the genetics of obesity, the variants found associated with obesity represent only 3% of the estimated BMI-heritability, which is around 47-80%. Moreover, genetic factors per se were unable to explain the rapid spread of obesity prevalence. GROWING POINTS The integration of multi-omics data enables scientists having a better picture and to elucidate unknown pathways contributing to obesity. AREAS TIMELY FOR DEVELOPING RESEARCH New studies based on case-control or gene candidate approach will be important to identify new variants associated with obesity susceptibility and consequently unveiling its genetic architecture. This will lead to an improvement of our understanding about underlying mechanisms involved in development and origin of the actual obesity epidemic. The integration of several omics will also provide insights about the interplay between genes and environments contributing to the obese phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Albuquerque
- Research Center for Anthropology and Health (CIAS), Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Fundación Investigación Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, Genomics group, Valencia, Spain
| | - Clévio Nóbrega
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Medicine (DCBM), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal.,Centre for Biomedical Research (CBMR), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal.,Algarve Biomedical Center (ABC), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Licínio Manco
- Research Center for Anthropology and Health (CIAS), Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Cristina Padez
- Research Center for Anthropology and Health (CIAS), Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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Adiponectin, Retinoic Acid Receptor Responder 2, and Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor- γ Coativator-1 Genes and the Risk for Obesity. DISEASE MARKERS 2017; 2017:5289120. [PMID: 28947843 PMCID: PMC5602612 DOI: 10.1155/2017/5289120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is the most common nutritional disorder. This disease is a multifactorial disease influenced by environmental and genetic factors. This study investigated the relationship between common variants of adiponectin (ADIPOQ), retinoic acid receptor responder 2 (RARRES2), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coativator-1 (PPARGC1) and obesity-related traits and susceptibility. A total of 167 individuals with obesity and 165 normal-weight subjects were recruited. Genotype frequencies of rs182052 in ADIPOQ differed significantly between the groups. Genotype AA was observed at a higher frequency in case than in control subjects. Association analysis showed that the A allele was a risk factor for obesity. This polymorphism was associated with body weight, body mass index (BMI), and waist circumference. After stratification by BMI, eutrophic individuals with AA or AG genotypes had higher body weights and waist circumferences than those with GG genotypes. In the case group, no associations were observed, except for stratified subjects with morbid obesity that exhibited a progressive increase of body weight, BMI, and waist circumference when rs182052 A was present. No associations were observed between SNPs in RARRES2 and PPARGC1 and obesity or any other studied variables. The rs182052 polymorphism in ADIPOQ is associated with a higher risk for obesity and obesity-related parameters.
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Evensen E, Emaus N, Kokkvoll A, Wilsgaard T, Furberg AS, Skeie G. The relation between birthweight, childhood body mass index, and overweight and obesity in late adolescence: a longitudinal cohort study from Norway, The Tromsø Study, Fit Futures. BMJ Open 2017; 7:e015576. [PMID: 28645970 PMCID: PMC5734247 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-015576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2016] [Revised: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Childhood overweight/obesity is associated with later overweight/obesity. However, the association between birth weight and later overweight/obesity has not been established. The aim of this study was to investigate the relation between both birth weight and childhood body mass index (BMI), and adolescent overweight/obesity in a Norwegian population. METHODS The Tromsø Study - Fit Futures is a population-based cohort study conducted in 2010-2011 and 2012-2013 in Tromsø, Norway. A representative sample of 961 adolescents participated. Longitudinal anthropometric data were obtained from the Medical Birth Registry of Norway, childhood health records at 2-4 and 5-7 years of age, and repeated measurements at 15-18 and 18-20 years of age. Outcome was defined as normal weight (adult BMI <25 kg/m2) or overweight/obese (adult BMI ≥2 5 kg/m2) at 15-20 years of age according to international age- and sex-specific cut-off values for children. Associations were investigated using generalised estimating equations. RESULTS In adjusted analyses, a 1-SD (586 g) higher birth weight was associated with a higher OR for overweight/obesity at 15-20 years of age (OR 1.25, 95% CI 1.06 to 1.48). Childhood BMI was also associated with overweight/obesity at 15-20 years of age: a 1-SD (1.35 kg/m2) increase in BMI at age 2-4 years rendered an OR of 1.66 (95% CI 1.40 to 1.96); a 1-SD (1.83 kg/m2) increase in BMI at age 5-7 years rendered an OR of 3.23 (95% CI 2.56 to 4.07). When compared with normal-weight children, those with severe overweight/obesity in childhood (adult BMI ≥27 kg/m2) showed stronger associations with overweight/obesity at 15-20 years of age: OR 3.01 (95% CI 1.47 to 6.18) and OR 11.51 (95% CI 6.63 to 19.99) at ages 2-4 and 5-7, respectively. CONCLUSION Associations between birth weight and overweight/obesity at 15-20 years of age were modest, whereas the influence of BMI at 2-4 and 5-7 years on overweight/obesity at 15-20 years was moderate to strong.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elin Evensen
- Department of Clinical Research, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Nina Emaus
- Department of Health and Care Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Ane Kokkvoll
- Department of Paediatrics, Finnmark Hospital Trust, Hammerfest, Norway
- Paediatric Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Tom Wilsgaard
- Department of Clinical Research, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Anne-Sofie Furberg
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Department of Microbiology and Infection Control, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Guri Skeie
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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Correa-Rodríguez M, Schmidt-RioValle J, González-Jiménez E, Rueda-Medina B. Estrogen Receptor 1 ( ESR1) Gene Polymorphisms and Obesity Phenotypes in a Population of Young Adults. Clin Nurs Res 2017. [PMID: 28627236 DOI: 10.1177/1054773817715707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is considered an increasingly serious health problem determined by multiple genetic and environmental factors. Estrogens have been found to play a major role in body weight and adiposity regulation through estrogen receptor 1 ( ESR1). The aim of this study was to determine whether genotype and haplotype frequencies of ESR1 polymorphisms are associated with body composition measures in a population of 572 young adults. A lack of significant association between genotypes of ESR1 gene polymorphisms and obesity phenotypes was seen after adjustment for confounding factors. Linkage disequilibrium (LD) analysis identified a single LD block for the ESR1 gene including PvuII and XbaI single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (pairwise r2 = .66). None of the haplotypes identified revealed statistically significant associations with any of the obesity phenotypes. Our results suggest that polymorphisms of the ESR1 gene do not contribute significantly to the genetic risk for obesity phenotypes in a population of young Caucasian adults.
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