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Luciani L, Pedrelli M, Parini P. Modification of lipoprotein metabolism and function driving atherogenesis in diabetes. Atherosclerosis 2024; 394:117545. [PMID: 38688749 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2024.117545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disease, characterized by raised blood glucose levels and impaired lipid metabolism resulting from insulin resistance and relative insulin deficiency. In diabetes, the peculiar plasma lipoprotein phenotype, consisting in higher levels of apolipoprotein B-containing lipoproteins, hypertriglyceridemia, low levels of HDL cholesterol, elevated number of small, dense LDL, and increased non-HDL cholesterol, results from an increased synthesis and impaired clearance of triglyceride rich lipoproteins. This condition accelerates the development of the atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), the most common cause of death in T2DM patients. Here, we review the alteration of structure, functions, and distribution of circulating lipoproteins and the pathophysiological mechanisms that induce these modifications in T2DM. The review analyzes the influence of diabetes-associated metabolic imbalances throughout the entire process of the atherosclerotic plaque formation, from lipoprotein synthesis to potential plaque destabilization. Addressing the different pathophysiological mechanisms, we suggest improved approaches for assessing the risk of adverse cardiovascular events and clinical strategies to reduce cardiovascular risk in T2DM and cardiometabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Luciani
- Cardio Metabolic Unit, Department of Laboratory Medicine, and Department of Medicine at Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Interdisciplinary Center for Health Sciences, Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies, Pisa, Italy
| | - Matteo Pedrelli
- Cardio Metabolic Unit, Department of Laboratory Medicine, and Department of Medicine at Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Medicine Unit of Endocrinology, Theme Inflammation and Ageing, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Paolo Parini
- Cardio Metabolic Unit, Department of Laboratory Medicine, and Department of Medicine at Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Medicine Unit of Endocrinology, Theme Inflammation and Ageing, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
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2
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Lankford KP, Hulleman JD. Protocol for HiBiT tagging endogenous proteins using CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing. STAR Protoc 2024; 5:103000. [PMID: 38598333 PMCID: PMC11022101 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2024.103000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
We present a method of in vitro/in vivo protein detection by pairing CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing with the NanoBiT system. We describe steps for cell culturing, in vitro CRISPR-Cas9 ribonucleoprotein delivery, cell monitoring, efficiency assessments, and edit analysis through HiBiT assays. We then detail procedures to determine edit specificity through genomic DNA analysis, small interfering RNA reverse transfection, and HiBiT blotting. This protocol is simple to execute and multifunctional, and it enables high-throughput screens on endogenous proteins to be conducted with ease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaylee P Lankford
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - John D Hulleman
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Neurosciences, University of Minnesota, 2001 6(th) St. SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
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Aguchem RN, Okagu IU, Okorigwe EM, Uzoechina JO, Nnemolisa SC, Ezeorba TPC. Role of CETP, PCSK-9, and CYP7-alpha in cholesterol metabolism: Potential targets for natural products in managing hypercholesterolemia. Life Sci 2024; 351:122823. [PMID: 38866219 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a leading cause of mortality worldwide, primarily affecting the heart and blood vessels, with atherosclerosis being a major contributing factor to their onset. Epidemiological and clinical studies have linked high levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) emanating from distorted cholesterol homeostasis as its major predisposing factor. Cholesterol homeostasis, which involves maintaining the balance in body cholesterol level, is mediated by several proteins or receptors, transcription factors, and even genes, regulating cholesterol influx (through dietary intake or de novo synthesis) and efflux (by their conversion to bile acids). Previous knowledge about CVDs management has evolved around modulating these receptors' activities through synthetic small molecules/antibodies, with limited interest in natural products. The central roles of the cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP), proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9), and cytochrome P450 family 7 subfamily A member 1 (CYP7A1), among other proteins or receptors, have fostered growing scientific interests in understanding more on their regulatory activities and potential as drug targets. We present up-to-date knowledge on the contributions of CETP, PCSK9, and CYP7A1 toward CVDs, highlighting the clinical successes and failures of small molecules/antibodies to modulate their activities. In recommendation for a new direction to improve cardiovascular health, we have presented recent findings on natural products (including functional food, plant extracts, phytochemicals, bioactive peptides, and therapeutic carbohydrates) that also modulate the activities of CETP, PCSK-9, and CYP7A1, and emphasized the need for more research efforts redirected toward unraveling more on natural products potentials even at clinical trial level for CVD management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Ngozi Aguchem
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, Enugu State 410001, Nigeria
| | - Innocent Uzochukwu Okagu
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, Enugu State 410001, Nigeria
| | - Ekezie Matthew Okorigwe
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, Enugu State 410001, Nigeria; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, College of Sciences, University of Notre Dame, 46556 Notre Dame, IN, United States
| | - Jude Obiorah Uzoechina
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, Enugu State 410001, Nigeria; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1068 Xueyuan Avenue, Shenzhen University Town, Shenzhen, PR China
| | | | - Timothy Prince Chidike Ezeorba
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, Enugu State 410001, Nigeria; Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, Enugu State 410001, Nigeria; Department of Environmental Health and Risk Management, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston B15 2TT, United Kingdom.
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Mjaatveit M, Oldernes H, Gudbrandsen OA. Effects of diets containing fish oils or fish oil concentrates with high cetoleic acid content on the circulating cholesterol concentration in rodents. A systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Nutr 2024; 131:606-621. [PMID: 37737066 PMCID: PMC10803824 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114523002118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Hypercholesterolaemia is a major risk factor for CVD. Fish intake is associated with lower risk of CVD, whereas supplementation with n-3 long-chain PUFA (LC-PUFA) has little effect on the cholesterol concentration. We therefore investigated if cetoleic acid (CA), a long-chain MUFA (LC-MUFA) found especially in pelagic fish species, could lower the circulating total cholesterol (TC) concentration in rodents. A systematic literature search was performed using the databases PubMed, Web of Science and Embase, structured around the population (rodents), intervention (CA-rich fish oils or concentrates), comparator (diets not containing CA) and the primary outcome (circulating TC). Articles were assessed for risk of bias using the SYRCLE's tool. A meta-analysis was conducted in Review Manager v. 5.4.1 (the Cochrane Collaboration) to determine the effectiveness of consuming diets containing CA-rich fish oils or concentrates on the circulating TC concentration. Twelve articles were included in the systematic review and meta-analysis, with data from 288 rodents. Consumption of CA-rich fish oils and concentrates resulted in a significantly lower circulating TC concentration relative to comparator groups (mean difference -0·65 mmol/l, 95 % CI (-0·93, -0·37), P < 0·00001), with high statistical heterogeneity (I2 = 87 %). The risk of bias is unclear since few of the entries in the SYRCLE's tool were addressed. To conclude, intake of CA-rich fish oils and concentrates prevents high cholesterol concentration in rodents and should be further investigated as functional dietary ingredients or supplements to reduce the risk for developing CVD in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margrete Mjaatveit
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, 5021, Norway
| | - Helle Oldernes
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, 5021, Norway
| | - Oddrun Anita Gudbrandsen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, 5021, Norway
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Zhang R, Xie Q, Xiao P. Association of the polymorphisms of the cholesteryl ester transfer protein gene with coronary artery disease: a meta-analysis. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1260679. [PMID: 38146445 PMCID: PMC10749314 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1260679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims This meta-analysis aimed to assess the association of the polymorphisms of cholesterol ester transfer protein (CETP) rs708272 (G>A), rs5882 (G>A), rs1800775 (C>A), rs4783961 (G>A), rs247616 (C>T), rs5883 (C>T), rs1800776 (C>A), and rs1532624 (C>A) with coronary artery disease (CAD) and the related underlying mechanisms. Methods A comprehensive search was performed using five databases such as PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Cochrane Library and Scopus to obtain the appropriate articles. The quality of the included studies was assessed by the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. The statistical analysis of the data was performed using STATA 17.0 software. The association between CETP gene polymorphisms and risk of CAD was estimated using the pooled odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI). The association of CETP gene polymorphisms with lipids and with CETP levels was assessed using the pooled standardized mean difference and corresponding 95% CI. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results A total of 70 case-control studies with 30,619 cases and 31,836 controls from 46 articles were included. The results showed the CETP rs708272 polymorphism was significantly associated with a reduced risk of CAD under the allele model (OR = 0.846, P < 0.001), the dominant model (OR = 0.838, P < 0.001) and the recessive model (OR = 0.758, P < 0.001). AA genotype and GA genotype corresponded to higher high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) concentrations in the blood compared with GG genotype across the studied groups (all P < 0.05). The CETP rs5882 and rs1800775 polymorphisms were not significantly associated with CAD under the allele model (P = 0.802, P = 0.392), the dominant model (P = 0.556, P = 0.183) and the recessive model (P = 0.429, P = 0.551). Similarly, the other mentioned gene polymorphisms were not significantly associated with CAD under the three genetic models. Conclusions The CETP rs708272 polymorphism shows a significant association with CAD, and the carriers of the allele A are associated with a lower risk of CAD and higher HDL-C concentrations in the blood compared to the non-carriers. The CETP rs5882, rs1800775, rs4783961, rs247616, rs5883, rs1800776, and rs1532624 are not significantly associated with CAD. Systematic Review Registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42023432865, identifier: CRD42023432865.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruizhe Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run, Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qingya Xie
- Department of Cardiology, The Forth Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Pingxi Xiao
- Department of Cardiology, The Forth Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Matsuo H, Kawakami K, Ohara H, Kaneko T, Mashimo T, Yamada T, Nabika T. Apolipoprotein E-depletion accelerates arterial fat deposition in the spontaneously hypertensive rat. Exp Anim 2023; 72:439-445. [PMID: 37081644 PMCID: PMC10658095 DOI: 10.1538/expanim.23-0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypertension and atherosclerosis are often found in one patient causing serious cardiovascular events. An animal model simultaneously expressing hypertension and atherosclerosis would be useful to study such a complex risk status. We therefore attempted to introduce a null mutation of the apolipoprotein E (ApoE) gene into the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) using CRISPR/Cas9 to establish a genetic model for atherosclerosis with hypertension. We successfully established SHRApoE(-/-) having a 13-bps deletion in the 5'-end of ApoE gene. Deletion of ApoE protein was confirmed by Western blotting. Blood pressure of SHRApoE(-/-) was comparable to that of SHR. Feeding the rats with high fat high cholesterol diet (HFD) caused a significant increase in LDL cholesterol as well as in triglyceride in SHRApoE(-/-). After 8 weeks of HFD loading, superficial fat deposition was observed both in the aorta and the mesenteric arteries of SHRApoE(-/-) instead of mature atheromatous lesions found in humans. In addition, a null mutation of peroxiredoxin 2 (Prdx2) was introduced into SHRApoE(-/-) to examine the effect of increased oxidative stress on the development of atherosclerosis. SHR with the double depletion of ApoE and Prdx2 did not show mature atheroma either. Further, salt loading did not promote development of atheroma although it accelerated the development of fat deposition. These results indicated that when compared with ApoE-knockout mice, SHRApoE(-/-) was more resistant to atherosclerosis even though they have severe hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Matsuo
- Department of Experimental Animals, Interdisciplinary Center for Science Research, Head Office for Research and Academic Information, Shimane University, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo, Shimane 693-8501, Japan
- Department of Functional Pathology, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo, Shimane 693-8501, Japan
| | - Kohei Kawakami
- Department of Experimental Animals, Interdisciplinary Center for Science Research, Head Office for Research and Academic Information, Shimane University, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo, Shimane 693-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroki Ohara
- Department of Functional Pathology, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo, Shimane 693-8501, Japan
| | - Takehito Kaneko
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Iwate University, 4-3-5 Ueda, Morioka, Iwate 020-8551, Japan
| | - Tomoji Mashimo
- Institute of Laboratory Animals, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshidakonoe-cho, Sakyou-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Takaya Yamada
- Department of Experimental Animals, Interdisciplinary Center for Science Research, Head Office for Research and Academic Information, Shimane University, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo, Shimane 693-8501, Japan
| | - Toru Nabika
- Department of Functional Pathology, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo, Shimane 693-8501, Japan
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Xue H, Zhang M, Liu J, Wang J, Ren G. Structure-based mechanism and inhibition of cholesteryl ester transfer protein. Curr Atheroscler Rep 2023; 25:155-166. [PMID: 36881278 PMCID: PMC10027838 DOI: 10.1007/s11883-023-01087-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Cholesteryl ester transfer proteins (CETP) regulate plasma cholesterol levels by transferring cholesteryl esters (CEs) among lipoproteins. Lipoprotein cholesterol levels correlate with the risk factors for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). This article reviews recent research on CETP structure, lipid transfer mechanism, and its inhibition. RECENT FINDINGS Genetic deficiency in CETP is associated with a low plasma level of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and a profoundly elevated plasma level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), which correlates with a lower risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). However, a very high concentration of HDL-C also correlates with increased ASCVD mortality. Considering that the elevated CETP activity is a major determinant of the atherogenic dyslipidemia, i.e., pro-atherogenic reductions in HDL and LDL particle size, inhibition of CETP emerged as a promising pharmacological target during the past two decades. CETP inhibitors, including torcetrapib, dalcetrapib, evacetrapib, anacetrapib and obicetrapib, were designed and evaluated in phase III clinical trials for the treatment of ASCVD or dyslipidemia. Although these inhibitors increase in plasma HDL-C levels and/or reduce LDL-C levels, the poor efficacy against ASCVD ended interest in CETP as an anti-ASCVD target. Nevertheless, interest in CETP and the molecular mechanism by which it inhibits CE transfer among lipoproteins persisted. Insights into the structural-based CETP-lipoprotein interactions can unravel CETP inhibition machinery, which can hopefully guide the design of more effective CETP inhibitors that combat ASCVD. Individual-molecule 3D structures of CETP bound to lipoproteins provide a model for understanding the mechanism by which CETP mediates lipid transfer and which in turn, guide the rational design of new anti-ASCVD therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Xue
- The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Jianfang Liu
- The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Jianjun Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Gang Ren
- The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA.
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Liu Y, Ma M, Li L, Liu F, Li Z, Yu L, Yang T, Wang Y, Gao S, Gao S, Yang R, Yu C. Association between sensitivity to thyroid hormones and dyslipidemia in patients with coronary heart disease. Endocrine 2023; 79:459-468. [PMID: 36434323 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-022-03254-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thyroid hormones affect lipid metabolism via central and peripheral regulation. However, there have been few studies on the association between thyroid hormone sensitivity and dyslipidemia. We aimed to investigate the association between thyroid hormone sensitivity and dyslipidemia in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD). METHODS A total of 31,678 patients with CHD were included in this large multicenter retrospective study. Central thyroid hormone sensitivity was evaluated using the thyroid feedback quantile-based index (TFQI), parametric thyroid feedback quantile-based index (PTFQI), thyroid-stimulating hormone index (TSHI), and thyrotropin thyroxine resistance index (TT4RI); peripheral thyroid hormone sensitivity was assessed by the ratio of free triiodothyronine (FT3)/free thyroxine (FT4). Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the association between thyroid hormone sensitivity and dyslipidemia. RESULTS Among 31,678 participants, 21,648 (68.34%) had dyslipidemia. In the multi-adjusted models, the risk of dyslipidemia was positively correlated with TFQI (odds ratio [OR]: 1.04; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.03-1.05), PTFQI (OR: 1.09; 95% CI: 1.06-1.12), TSHI (OR: 1.08; 95% CI: 1.06-1.11), and TT4RI (OR: 1.08; 95% CI: 1.05-1.11). Conversely, the risk of dyslipidemia was negatively correlated with FT3/FT4 (OR: 0.94; 95% CI: 0.92-0.97). In stratified analyses, the association between thyroid hormone sensitivity and dyslipidemia was statistically significant for different sexes, glucose levels, and blood pressure states. CONCLUSION There is a significant association between sensitivity to thyroid hormones and dyslipidemia, regardless of sex, glucose level, or blood pressure. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijia Liu
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Mei Ma
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Lin Li
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Fanfan Liu
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Zhu Li
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Lu Yu
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Tong Yang
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Shan Gao
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Sheng Gao
- Nankai Hospital: Tianjin Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tianjin, 300199, China.
| | - Rongrong Yang
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China.
| | - Chunquan Yu
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China.
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Effects of diets containing proteins from fish muscles or fish by-products on the circulating cholesterol concentration in rodents: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Nutr 2022:1-22. [PMID: 36268726 DOI: 10.1017/s000711452200349x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A high circulating cholesterol concentration is considered an important risk factor for the development of CVD. Since lean fish intake and fish protein supplementation have been associated with lower cholesterol concentration in some but not all clinical studies, the main aim of this study was to investigate the effect of diets containing proteins from fish muscles and fish by-products on the serum/plasma total cholesterol (TC) concentration in rodents. A systematic literature search was performed using the databases PubMed, Web of Science and Embase, structured around the population (rodents), intervention (type of fish and fraction, protein dose and duration), comparator (casein) and the primary outcome (circulating TC). Articles were assessed for risk of bias using the SYRCLE's tool. A meta-analysis was conducted in Review Manager v. 5·4·1 (the Cochrane Collaboration) to determine the effectiveness of proteins from fish on the circulating TC concentration. Thirty-nine articles were included in the systematic review and meta-analysis, with data from 935 rodents. The risk of bias is unclear since few of the entries in the SYRCLE's tool were addressed. Consumption of proteins from fish resulted in a significantly lower circulating TC concentration when compared with control groups (mean difference -0·24 mmol/l, 95 % CI - 0·34, -0·15, P < 0·00001), with high statistical heterogeneity (I2 = 71 %). To conclude, proteins from fish muscles and by-products show promise as a functional dietary ingredient or supplement by preventing high cholesterol concentration in rodents, thus reducing one of the most important risk factors for developing CVD.
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Vyletelová V, Nováková M, Pašková Ľ. Alterations of HDL's to piHDL's Proteome in Patients with Chronic Inflammatory Diseases, and HDL-Targeted Therapies. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:1278. [PMID: 36297390 PMCID: PMC9611871 DOI: 10.3390/ph15101278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammatory diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, steatohepatitis, periodontitis, chronic kidney disease, and others are associated with an increased risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, which persists even after accounting for traditional cardiac risk factors. The common factor linking these diseases to accelerated atherosclerosis is chronic systemic low-grade inflammation triggering changes in lipoprotein structure and metabolism. HDL, an independent marker of cardiovascular risk, is a lipoprotein particle with numerous important anti-atherogenic properties. Besides the essential role in reverse cholesterol transport, HDL possesses antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, antiapoptotic, and antithrombotic properties. Inflammation and inflammation-associated pathologies can cause modifications in HDL's proteome and lipidome, transforming HDL from atheroprotective into a pro-atherosclerotic lipoprotein. Therefore, a simple increase in HDL concentration in patients with inflammatory diseases has not led to the desired anti-atherogenic outcome. In this review, the functions of individual protein components of HDL, rendering them either anti-inflammatory or pro-inflammatory are described in detail. Alterations of HDL proteome (such as replacing atheroprotective proteins by pro-inflammatory proteins, or posttranslational modifications) in patients with chronic inflammatory diseases and their impact on cardiovascular health are discussed. Finally, molecular, and clinical aspects of HDL-targeted therapies, including those used in therapeutical practice, drugs in clinical trials, and experimental drugs are comprehensively summarised.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ľudmila Pašková
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University, 83232 Bratislava, Slovakia
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11
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Genetic variation and intestinal cholesterol absorption in humans: A systematic review and a gene network analysis. Prog Lipid Res 2022; 86:101164. [PMID: 35390434 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2022.101164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Intestinal cholesterol absorption varies widely between individuals, which may translate into differences in responsiveness to cholesterol-lowering drugs or diets. Therefore, understanding the importance of genetic variation on cholesterol absorption rates and the complex intestinal cholesterol network is important. Based on a systematic review, genetic variants in seven genes (ABCG5, ABCG8, ABO, APOE, MTTP, NPC1L1, and LDLR) were identified that were associated with intestinal cholesterol absorption. No clear associations were found for variants in APOA4, APOB, CETP, CYP7A1, HMGCR, SCARB1, SLCO1B1, and SREBF1. The seven genes were used to construct an intestinal cholesterol absorption network. Finally, a network with fifteen additional genes (APOA1, APOA4, APOB, APOC2, APOC3, CETP, HSPG2, LCAT, LDLRAP1, LIPC, LRP1, OLR1, P4HB, SAR1B, and SDC1) was generated. The constructed network shows that cholesterol absorption is complex. Further studies are needed to validate and improve this network, which may ultimately lead to a better understanding of the wide inter-individual variability in intestinal cholesterol absorption and the development of personalized interventions.
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Akhlaghipour I, Bina AR, Mogharrabi MR, Fanoodi A, Ebrahimian AR, Khojasteh Kaffash S, Babazadeh Baghan A, Khorashadizadeh ME, Taghehchian N, Moghbeli M. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms as important risk factors of diabetes among Middle East population. Hum Genomics 2022; 16:11. [PMID: 35366956 PMCID: PMC8976361 DOI: 10.1186/s40246-022-00383-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disorder that leads to the dysfunction of various tissues and organs, including eyes, kidneys, and cardiovascular system. According to the World Health Organization, diabetes prevalence is 8.8% globally among whom about 90% of cases are type 2 diabetes. There are not any significant clinical manifestations in the primary stages of diabetes. Therefore, screening can be an efficient way to reduce the diabetic complications. Over the recent decades, the prevalence of diabetes has increased alarmingly among the Middle East population, which has imposed exorbitant costs on the health care system in this region. Given that the genetic changes are among the important risk factors associated with predisposing people to diabetes, we examined the role of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the pathogenesis of diabetes among Middle East population. In the present review, we assessed the molecular pathology of diabetes in the Middle East population that paves the way for introducing an efficient SNP-based diagnostic panel for diabetes screening among the Middle East population. Since, the Middle East has a population of 370 million people; the current review can be a reliable model for the introduction of SNP-based diagnostic panels in other populations and countries around the world.
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Abstract
Apolipoproteins are important structural components of plasma lipoproteins that influence vascular biology and atherosclerotic disease pathophysiology by regulating lipoprotein metabolism. Clinically important apolipoproteins related to lipid metabolism and atherogenesis include apolipoprotein B-100, apolipoprotein B-48, apolipoprotein A-I, apolipoprotein C-II, apolipoprotein C-III, apolipoprotein E and apolipoprotein(a). Apolipoprotein B-100 is the major structural component of VLDL, IDL, LDL and lipoprotein(a). Apolipoprotein B-48 is a truncated isoform of apolipoprotein B-100 that forms the backbone of chylomicrons. Apolipoprotein A-I provides the scaffolding for lipidation of HDL and has an important role in reverse cholesterol transport. Apolipoproteins C-II, apolipoprotein C-III and apolipoprotein E are involved in triglyceride-rich lipoprotein metabolism. Apolipoprotein(a) covalently binds to apolipoprotein B-100 to form lipoprotein(a). In this Review, we discuss the mechanisms by which these apolipoproteins regulate lipoprotein metabolism and thereby influence vascular biology and atherosclerotic disease. Advances in the understanding of apolipoprotein biology and their translation into therapeutic agents to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease are also highlighted.
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HDL and Lipid Metabolism. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1377:49-61. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-19-1592-5_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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15
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Candela F, Quarta E, Buttini F, Ancona A, Bettini R, Sonvico F. Recent Patents on Nasal Vaccines Containing Nanoadjuvants. RECENT ADVANCES IN DRUG DELIVERY AND FORMULATION 2022; 16:103-121. [PMID: 35450539 PMCID: PMC10184237 DOI: 10.2174/2667387816666220420124648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Vaccines are one of the greatest medical achievements of modern medicine. The nasal mucosa represents an effective route of vaccination for both mucosal immunity and peripheral, being at the same time an inductive and effector site of immunity. In this paper, the innovative and patented compositions and manufacturing procedures of nanomaterials have been studied using the peerreviewed research literature. Nanomaterials have several properties that make them unique as adjuvant for vaccines. Nanoadjuvants through the influence of antigen availability over time affect the immune response. Namely, the amount of antigen reaching the immune system or its release over prolonged periods of time can be effectively increased by nanoadjuvants. Mucosal vaccines are an interesting alternative for immunization of diseases in which pathogens access the body through these epithelia. Nanometric adjuvants are not only a viable approach to improve the efficacy of nasal vaccines but in most of the cases they represent the core of the intellectual property related to the innovative vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Candela
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Eride Quarta
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Francesca Buttini
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
- University Centre for Innovation in Health Products (Biopharmanet-TEC), University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Adolfo Ancona
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Ruggero Bettini
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
- University Centre for Innovation in Health Products (Biopharmanet-TEC), University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Fabio Sonvico
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
- University Centre for Innovation in Health Products (Biopharmanet-TEC), University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
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16
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Franczyk B, Rysz J, Ławiński J, Rysz-Górzyńska M, Gluba-Brzózka A. Is a High HDL-Cholesterol Level Always Beneficial? Biomedicines 2021; 9:1083. [PMID: 34572269 PMCID: PMC8466913 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9091083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The specific interest concerning HDL cholesterol (HDL-C) is related to its ability to uptake and return surplus cholesterol from peripheral tissues back to the liver and, therefore, to its role in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases, such as atherosclerosis and myocardial infarction, but also transient ischemic attack and stroke. Previous epidemiological studies have indicated that HDL-C concentration is inversely associated with the risk of cardiovascular disease and that it can be used for risk prediction. Some genetic disorders are characterized by markedly elevated levels of HDL-C; however, they do not translate into diminished cardiovascular risk. The search of the potential causative relationship between HDL-C and adverse events has shifted the attention of researchers towards the composition and function of the HDL molecule/subfractions. HDL possesses various cardioprotective properties. However, currently, it appears that higher HDL-C is not necessarily protective against cardiovascular disease, but it can even be harmful in extremely high quantities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Franczyk
- Department of Nephrology, Hypertension and Family Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, 90-549 Lodz, Poland; (B.F.); (J.R.)
| | - Jacek Rysz
- Department of Nephrology, Hypertension and Family Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, 90-549 Lodz, Poland; (B.F.); (J.R.)
| | - Janusz Ławiński
- Department of Urology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszow University, 35-549 Rzeszow, Poland;
| | - Magdalena Rysz-Górzyńska
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Rehabilitation, Medical University of Lodz, 90-549 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Anna Gluba-Brzózka
- Department of Nephrology, Hypertension and Family Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, 90-549 Lodz, Poland; (B.F.); (J.R.)
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17
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Ibrahim M, Thanigaimani S, Singh TP, Morris D, Golledge J. Systematic review and Meta-Analysis of Mendelian randomisation analyses of Abdominal aortic aneurysms. IJC HEART & VASCULATURE 2021; 35:100836. [PMID: 34286064 PMCID: PMC8274287 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcha.2021.100836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Mendelian randomisation (MR) has been suggested to be able to overcome biases of observational studies, but no meta-analysis is available on MR studies on abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). This systematic review and Meta-analysis examined the evidence of causal risk factors for AAA identified in MR studies. Methods Publicly available databases were systematically searched for MR studies that reported any causal risk factors for AAA diagnosis. Meta-analyses were performed using random effect models and reported as odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Study quality was assessed using a modified version of Strengthening the Reporting of Mendelian Randomisation Studies (STROBE-MR) guidelines. Results Sixteen MR studies involving 34,050 patients with AAA and 2,205,894 controls were included. Meta-analyses suggested that one standard deviation increase in high density lipoprotein (HDL) significantly reduced (OR: 0.66, 95% CI: 0.61, 0.72) and one standard deviation increase in low density lipoprotein (LDL) significantly increased the risk (OR: 1.68, 95%, CI: 1.55, 1.82) of AAA. One standard deviation increase in triglycerides did not significantly increase the risk of AAA (OR: 1.21, 95% CI: 0.86, 1.71). Quality assessment suggested that ten and five studies were of low and moderate risk of bias respectively, with one study considered as high risk of bias. Conclusion This meta-analysis suggests LDL and HDL are positive and negative casual risk factors for AAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ibrahim
- The Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease (QRC-PVD), College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Queensland, Australia.,The Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Shivshankar Thanigaimani
- The Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease (QRC-PVD), College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Queensland, Australia.,The Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Tejas P Singh
- The Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease (QRC-PVD), College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Queensland, Australia.,The Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia.,The Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, The Townsville University Hospital, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Dylan Morris
- The Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease (QRC-PVD), College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Queensland, Australia.,The Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia.,The Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, The Townsville University Hospital, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jonathan Golledge
- The Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease (QRC-PVD), College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Queensland, Australia.,The Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia.,The Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, The Townsville University Hospital, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
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18
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Okoro PC, Schubert R, Guo X, Johnson WC, Rotter JI, Hoeschele I, Liu Y, Im HK, Luke A, Dugas LR, Wheeler HE. Transcriptome prediction performance across machine learning models and diverse ancestries. HGG ADVANCES 2021; 2:100019. [PMID: 33937878 PMCID: PMC8087249 DOI: 10.1016/j.xhgg.2020.100019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcriptome prediction methods such as PrediXcan and FUSION have become popular in complex trait mapping. Most transcriptome prediction models have been trained in European populations using methods that make parametric linear assumptions like the elastic net (EN). To potentially further optimize imputation performance of gene expression across global populations, we built transcriptome prediction models using both linear and non-linear machine learning (ML) algorithms and evaluated their performance in comparison to EN. We trained models using genotype and blood monocyte transcriptome data from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) comprising individuals of African, Hispanic, and European ancestries and tested them using genotype and whole-blood transcriptome data from the Modeling the Epidemiology Transition Study (METS) comprising individuals of African ancestries. We show that the prediction performance is highest when the training and the testing population share similar ancestries regardless of the prediction algorithm used. While EN generally outperformed random forest (RF), support vector regression (SVR), and K nearest neighbor (KNN), we found that RF outperformed EN for some genes, particularly between disparate ancestries, suggesting potential robustness and reduced variability of RF imputation performance across global populations. When applied to a high-density lipoprotein (HDL) phenotype, we show including RF prediction models in PrediXcan revealed potential gene associations missed by EN models. Therefore, by integrating other ML modeling into PrediXcan and diversifying our training populations to include more global ancestries, we may uncover new genes associated with complex traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul C Okoro
- Program in Bioinformatics, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ryan Schubert
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Xiuqing Guo
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, The Lundquist Institute and Department of Pediatrics at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - W Craig Johnson
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jerome I Rotter
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, The Lundquist Institute and Department of Pediatrics at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Ina Hoeschele
- Fralin Life Sciences Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA.,Department of Statistics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA.,Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Yongmei Liu
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Hae Kyung Im
- Section of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Amy Luke
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Parkinson School of Health Sciences and Public Health, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Lara R Dugas
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Parkinson School of Health Sciences and Public Health, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA.,Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Heather E Wheeler
- Program in Bioinformatics, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Biology, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Computer Science, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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19
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Xiao Q, Li X, Li Y, Wu Z, Xu C, Chen Z, He W. Biological drug and drug delivery-mediated immunotherapy. Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 11:941-960. [PMID: 33996408 PMCID: PMC8105778 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2020.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The initiation and development of major inflammatory diseases, i.e., cancer, vascular inflammation, and some autoimmune diseases are closely linked to the immune system. Biologics-based immunotherapy is exerting a critical role against these diseases, whereas the usage of the immunomodulators is always limited by various factors such as susceptibility to digestion by enzymes in vivo, poor penetration across biological barriers, and rapid clearance by the reticuloendothelial system. Drug delivery strategies are potent to promote their delivery. Herein, we reviewed the potential targets for immunotherapy against the major inflammatory diseases, discussed the biologics and drug delivery systems involved in the immunotherapy, particularly highlighted the approved therapy tactics, and finally offer perspectives in this field.
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Key Words
- AAs, amino acids
- ACT, adoptive T cell therapy
- AHC, Chlamydia pneumonia
- ALL, acute lymphoblastic leukemia
- AP, ascorbyl palmitate
- APCs, antigen-presenting cells
- AS, atherosclerosis
- ASIT, antigen-specific immunotherapy
- Adoptive cell transfer
- ApoA–I, apolipoprotein A–I
- ApoB LPs, apolipoprotein-B-containing lipoproteins
- Atherosclerosis
- BMPR-II, bone morphogenetic protein type II receptor
- Biologics
- Bregs, regulatory B lymphocytes
- CAR, chimeric antigen receptor
- CCR9–CCL25, CC receptor 9–CC chemokine ligand 25
- CD, Crohn's disease
- CETP, cholesterol ester transfer protein
- CTLA-4, cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein-4
- CX3CL1, CXXXC-chemokine ligand 1
- CXCL 16, CXC-chemokine ligand 16
- CXCR 2, CXC-chemokine receptor 2
- Cancer immunotherapy
- CpG ODNs, CpG oligodeoxynucleotides
- DAMPs, danger-associated molecular patterns
- DCs, dendritic cells
- DDS, drug delivery system
- DMARDs, disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs
- DMPC, 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylcholine
- DSS, dextran sulfate sodium
- Dex, dexamethasone
- Drug delivery
- ECM, extracellular matrix
- ECs, endothelial cells
- EGFR, epidermal growth factor receptor
- EPR, enhanced permeability and retention effect
- ET-1, endothelin-1
- ETAR, endothelin-1 receptor type A
- FAO, fatty acid oxidation
- GM-CSF, granulocyte–macrophage colony-stimulating factor
- HA, hyaluronic acid
- HDL, high density lipoprotein
- HER2, human epidermal growth factor-2
- IBD, inflammatory bowel diseases
- ICOS, inducible co-stimulator
- ICP, immune checkpoint
- IFN, interferon
- IL, interleukin
- IT-hydrogel, inflammation-targeting hydrogel
- Immune targets
- Inflammatory diseases
- JAK, Janus kinase
- LAG-3, lymphocyte-activation gene 3
- LDL, low density lipoprotein
- LPS, lipopolysaccharide
- LTB4, leukotriene B4
- MCP-1, monocyte chemotactic protein-1
- MCT, monocrotaline
- MDSC, myeloid-derived suppressor cell
- MHCs, major histocompatibility complexes
- MHPC, 1-myristoyl-2-hydroxy-sn-glycero-phosphocholine
- MIF, migration inhibitory factor
- MM, multiple myeloma
- MMP, matrix metalloproteinase
- MOF, metal–organic framework
- MPO, myeloperoxidase
- MSCs, mesenchymal stem cells
- NF-κB, nuclear factor κ-B
- NK, natural killer
- NPs, nanoparticles
- NSAIDs, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
- PAECs, pulmonary artery endothelial cells
- PAH, pulmonary arterial hypertension
- PASMCs, pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells
- PBMCs, peripheral blood mononuclear cells
- PCSK9, proprotein convertase subtilisin kexin type 9
- PD-1, programmed death protein-1
- PD-L1, programmed cell death-ligand 1
- PLGA, poly lactic-co-glycolic acid
- Pulmonary artery hypertension
- RA, rheumatoid arthritis
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- SHP-2, Src homology 2 domain–containing tyrosine phosphatase 2
- SLE, systemic lupus erythematosus
- SMCs, smooth muscle cells
- Src, sarcoma gene
- TCR, T cell receptor
- TGF-β, transforming growth factor β
- TILs, tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes
- TIM-3, T-cell immunoglobulin mucin 3
- TLR, Toll-like receptor
- TNF, tumor necrosis factor
- TRAF6, tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6
- Teff, effector T cell
- Th17, T helper 17
- Tph, T peripheral helper
- Tregs, regulatory T cells
- UC, ulcerative colitis
- VEC, vascular endothelial cadherin
- VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor
- VISTA, V-domain immunoglobulin-containing suppressor of T-cell activation
- YCs, yeast-derived microcapsules
- bDMARDs, biological DMARDs
- hsCRP, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein
- mAbs, monoclonal antibodies
- mPAP, mean pulmonary artery pressure
- nCmP, nanocomposite microparticle
- rHDL, recombinant HDL
- rhTNFRFc, recombinant human TNF-α receptor II-IgG Fc fusion protein
- scFv, single-chain variable fragment
- α1D-AR, α1D-adrenergic receptor
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Xiao
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xiaotong Li
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yi Li
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Zhenfeng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of TCM, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Chenjie Xu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Zhongjian Chen
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200443, China
| | - Wei He
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200443, China
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20
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The Association between HDL-C and Subclinical Atherosclerosis Depends on CETP Plasma Concentration: Insights from the IMPROVE Study. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9030286. [PMID: 33799675 PMCID: PMC7999018 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9030286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The impact of cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) on atherosclerosis is highly debated. This study aimed to investigate the associations between plasma CETP or CETP genotypes and carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) and the influence of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) on these associations. Plasma CETP and HDL-C concentrations were measured in 552 subjects free of any pharmacological treatment from the IMPROVE cohort, which includes 3711 European subjects at high cardiovascular risk. CETP single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and cIMT measures (cIMTmax; cIMTmean-max of bifurcations, common and internal carotids; plaque-free common carotid [PF CC]-IMTmean) were available for the full cohort. In drug-free subjects, plasma CETP correlated with HDL-C levels (r = 0.19, p < 0.0001), but not with cIMT variables. When stratified according to HDL-C quartiles, CETP positively correlated with cIMTmax and cIMTmean-max, but not with PF CC-IMTmean, in the top HDL-C quartile only. Positive associations between the CETP concentration and cIMTmax or cIMTmean-max were found in the top HDL-C quartile, whereas HDL-C levels were negatively correlated with cIMTmax and cIMTmean-max when the CETP concentration was below the median (HDL-C × CETP interaction, p = 0.001 and p = 0.003 for cIMTmax and cIMTmean-max, respectively). In the full cohort, three CETP SNPs (rs34760410, rs12920974, rs12708968) were positively associated with cIMTmax. rs12444708 exhibited a significant interaction with HDL-C levels in the prediction of cIMTmax. In conclusion, a significant interplay was found between plasma CETP and/or CETP genotype and HDL-C in the prediction of carotid plaque thickness, as indexed by cIMTmax. This suggests that the association of HDL-C with carotid atherosclerosis is CETP-dependent.
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21
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Pedrelli M, Parini P, Kindberg J, Arnemo JM, Bjorkhem I, Aasa U, Westerståhl M, Walentinsson A, Pavanello C, Turri M, Calabresi L, Öörni K, Camejo G, Fröbert O, Hurt-Camejo E. Vasculoprotective properties of plasma lipoproteins from brown bears (Ursus arctos). J Lipid Res 2021; 62:100065. [PMID: 33713671 PMCID: PMC8131316 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2021.100065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasma cholesterol and triglyceride (TG) levels are twice as high in hibernating brown bears (Ursus arctos) than healthy humans. Yet, bears display no signs of early stage atherosclerosis development when adult. To explore this apparent paradox, we analyzed plasma lipoproteins from the same 10 bears in winter (hibernation) and summer using size exclusion chromatography, ultracentrifugation, and electrophoresis. LDL binding to arterial proteoglycans (PGs) and plasma cholesterol efflux capacity (CEC) were also evaluated. The data collected and analyzed from bears were also compared with those from healthy humans. In bears, the cholesterol ester, unesterified cholesterol, TG, and phospholipid contents of VLDL and LDL were higher in winter than in summer. The percentage lipid composition of LDL differed between bears and humans but did not change seasonally in bears. Bear LDL was larger, richer in TGs, showed prebeta electrophoretic mobility, and had 5–10 times lower binding to arterial PGs than human LDL. Finally, plasma CEC was higher in bears than in humans, especially the HDL fraction when mediated by ABCA1. These results suggest that in brown bears the absence of early atherogenesis is likely associated with a lower affinity of LDL for arterial PGs and an elevated CEC of bear plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Pedrelli
- Division of Clinical Chemistry, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Translational Science & Experimental Medicine, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Paolo Parini
- Division of Clinical Chemistry, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Metabolism Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Theme Inflammation and Infection, Karolinska university Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jonas Kindberg
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, Trondheim, Norway; Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Jon M Arnemo
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies, Umeå, Sweden; Department of Forestry and Wildlife Management, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Campus Evenstad, Koppang, Norway
| | - Ingemar Bjorkhem
- Division of Clinical Chemistry, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ulrika Aasa
- Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Maria Westerståhl
- Division of Clinical Physiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Walentinsson
- Translational Science & Experimental Medicine, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Chiara Pavanello
- Centro Enrica Grossi Paoletti, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Marta Turri
- Centro Enrica Grossi Paoletti, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Calabresi
- Centro Enrica Grossi Paoletti, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Katariina Öörni
- Atherosclerosis Research Laboratory, Wihuri Research Institute, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Gérman Camejo
- Division of Clinical Chemistry, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ole Fröbert
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies, Umeå, Sweden; Örebro University, Faculty of Health, Department of Cardiology, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Eva Hurt-Camejo
- Division of Clinical Chemistry, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Translational Science & Experimental Medicine, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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22
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Population-Matched Transcriptome Prediction Increases TWAS Discovery and Replication Rate. iScience 2020; 23:101850. [PMID: 33313492 PMCID: PMC7721644 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Most genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and transcriptome-wide association studies (TWAS) focus on European populations; however, these results cannot always be accurately applied to non-European populations due to genetic architecture differences. Using GWAS summary statistics in the Population Architecture using Genomics and Epidemiology study, which comprises ∼50,000 Hispanic/Latinos, African Americans, Asians, Native Hawaiians, and Native Americans, we perform TWAS to determine gene-trait associations. We compared results using three transcriptome prediction models derived from Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis populations: the African American and Hispanic/Latino (AFHI) model, the European (EUR) model, and the African American, Hispanic/Latino, and European (ALL) model. We identified 240 unique significant trait-associated genes. We found more significant, colocalized genes that replicate in larger cohorts when applying the AFHI model than the EUR or ALL model. Thus, TWAS with population-matched transcriptome models have more power for discovery and replication, demonstrating the need for more transcriptome studies in diverse populations. TWAS mechanistically extends GWAS findings in diverse populations Population-matched transcriptome models detect more replicable associations Colocalization shows GWAS variants likely act through gene expression regulation More GWAS and transcriptome modeling in diverse populations are needed
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23
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Low cholesterol syndrome and drug development. Curr Opin Cardiol 2020; 35:423-427. [PMID: 32452920 DOI: 10.1097/hco.0000000000000745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Low cholesterol syndromes were considered curiosities. The present article reviews some hypolipidaemic disorders and the drugs developed from the insights they provided. RECENT FINDINGS Abetalipopoproteinaemia and hypobetalipoproteinaemia are associated with low cholesterol concentrations and caused by mutations in apolipoprotein (apo) B or microsomal transfer protein. This led to the development of mipomersen and lomitapide which are used to treat homozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia. Mutations in proprotein convertase subtilisin kexin-9 (PCSK9) can cause either high or low cholesterol. Loss of function PCSK9 mutations prompted the development of antibody therapies to PCSK9 which are now widely used to treat hypercholesterolaemia. Mutations in apolipoprotein C-3 and angiopoietin-like protein 3 (ANGPTL3) cause hypolipoproteinaemia and reduced triglycerides. Antisense therapies to apolipoprotein C-3 and antibodies to ANGPTL3 are in development to treat familial chylomicronaemia syndrome. Activating mutations in apoA-1 result in hyper-functioning high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and suggest that modifying HDL turnover may reduce cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. SUMMARY Orphan lipid disorders have provided insights into mechanisms involved in lowering cholesterol levels and the potential safety and efficacy of interventional processes. They have been not only enabled development of drugs to treat rare lipid disorders but also those finding wider use in general lowering of CVD risk.
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Minniti ME, Pedrelli M, Vedin L, Delbès A, Denis RG, Öörni K, Sala C, Pirazzini C, Thiagarajan D, Nurmi HJ, Grompe M, Mills K, Garagnani P, Ellis EC, Strom SC, Luquet SH, Wilson EM, Bial J, Steffensen KR, Parini P. Insights From Liver-Humanized Mice on Cholesterol Lipoprotein Metabolism and LXR-Agonist Pharmacodynamics in Humans. Hepatology 2020; 72:656-670. [PMID: 31785104 PMCID: PMC7496592 DOI: 10.1002/hep.31052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Genetically modified mice have been used extensively to study human disease. However, the data gained are not always translatable to humans because of major species differences. Liver-humanized mice (LHM) are considered a promising model to study human hepatic and systemic metabolism. Therefore, we aimed to further explore their lipoprotein metabolism and to characterize key hepatic species-related, physiological differences. APPROACH AND RESULTS Fah-/- , Rag2-/- , and Il2rg-/- knockout mice on the nonobese diabetic (FRGN) background were repopulated with primary human hepatocytes from different donors. Cholesterol lipoprotein profiles of LHM showed a human-like pattern, characterized by a high ratio of low-density lipoprotein to high-density lipoprotein, and dependency on the human donor. This pattern was determined by a higher level of apolipoprotein B100 in circulation, as a result of lower hepatic mRNA editing and low-density lipoprotein receptor expression, and higher levels of circulating proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9. As a consequence, LHM lipoproteins bind to human aortic proteoglycans in a pattern similar to human lipoproteins. Unexpectedly, cholesteryl ester transfer protein was not required to determine the human-like cholesterol lipoprotein profile. Moreover, LHM treated with GW3965 mimicked the negative lipid outcomes of the first human trial of liver X receptor stimulation (i.e., a dramatic increase of cholesterol and triglycerides in circulation). Innovatively, LHM allowed the characterization of these effects at a molecular level. CONCLUSIONS LHM represent an interesting translatable model of human hepatic and lipoprotein metabolism. Because several metabolic parameters displayed donor dependency, LHM may also be used in studies for personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirko E. Minniti
- Department of Laboratory MedicineDivision of Clinical ChemistryKarolinska InstituteStockholmSweden
| | - Matteo Pedrelli
- Department of Laboratory MedicineDivision of Clinical ChemistryKarolinska InstituteStockholmSweden
| | - Lise‐Lotte Vedin
- Department of Laboratory MedicineDivision of Clinical ChemistryKarolinska InstituteStockholmSweden
| | - Anne‐Sophie Delbès
- Unit of Functional and Adaptive BiologyParis Diderot UniversitySorbonne Paris CitéParisFrance
| | - Raphaël G.P. Denis
- Unit of Functional and Adaptive BiologyParis Diderot UniversitySorbonne Paris CitéParisFrance
| | - Katariina Öörni
- Atherosclerosis Research LaboratoryWihuri Research InstituteHelsinkiFinland
| | - Claudia Sala
- Department of Physics and AstronomyUniversity of BolognaBolognaItaly
| | | | - Divya Thiagarajan
- Department of Laboratory MedicineClinical Research CenterKarolinska InstituteStockholmSweden
| | - Harri J. Nurmi
- Atherosclerosis Research LaboratoryWihuri Research InstituteHelsinkiFinland,Center of Excellence in Translational Cancer BiologyUniversity of HelsinkiBiomedicum HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Markus Grompe
- Department of PediatricsOregon Stem Cell CenterOregon Health and Science UniversityPortlandOR,Yecuris CorporationTualatinOR
| | - Kevin Mills
- Center for Inborn Errors of MetabolismUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Paolo Garagnani
- Department of Laboratory MedicineDivision of Clinical ChemistryKarolinska InstituteStockholmSweden,Department of Experimental, Diagnostic, and Specialty Medicine, and “L. Galvani” Interdepartmental Research CenterUniversity of BolognaBolognaItaly
| | - Ewa C.S. Ellis
- Department of Clinical ScienceIntervention and TechnologyDivision of SurgeryKarolinska Institute at Karolinska University Hospital HuddingeStockholmSweden
| | - Stephen C. Strom
- Department of Laboratory MedicineDivision of PathologyKarolinska InstituteStockholmSweden
| | - Serge H. Luquet
- Unit of Functional and Adaptive BiologyParis Diderot UniversitySorbonne Paris CitéParisFrance
| | | | | | - Knut R. Steffensen
- Department of Laboratory MedicineDivision of Clinical ChemistryKarolinska InstituteStockholmSweden
| | - Paolo Parini
- Department of Laboratory MedicineDivision of Clinical ChemistryKarolinska InstituteStockholmSweden,Department of MedicineMetabolism UnitKarolinska Institute at Karolinska University Hospital HuddingeStockholmSweden,Patient Area Nephrology and Endocrinology, Inflammation and Infection ThemeKarolinska University HospitalStockholmSweden
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Nasias D, Dalakoura-Karagkouni K, Vassou D, Papagiannakis G, Papadaki A, Kardassis D. Transcriptome analysis of the adipose tissue in a mouse model of metabolic syndrome identifies gene signatures related to disease pathogenesis. Genomics 2020; 112:4053-4062. [PMID: 32652102 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2020.06.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The white adipose tissue (WAT) contributes to the metabolic imbalance observed in obesity and the metabolic syndrome (MetS) by mechanisms that are poorly understood. The aim of this study was to monitor changes in the transcriptome of epididymal WAT during the development of MetS. ApoE3L.CETP mice were fed a high fat (HFD) or a low-fat (LFD) diet for different time periods. Adipose RNA was analyzed by microarrays. We found an increasing number of differentially expressed transcripts during MetS development. In mice with MetS, 1396 transcripts were differentially expressed including transcripts related to immune/inflammatory responses and extracellular matrix enzymes, suggesting significant inflammation and tissue remodeling. The top list of pathways included focal adhesion, chemokine, B and T cell receptor and MAPK signaling. The data identify for the first time adipose gene signatures in apoE3L.CETP mice with diet-induced MetS and might open new avenues for investigation of potential biomarkers or therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitris Nasias
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Division of Basic Sciences, University of Crete Medical School, Heraklion 71003, Greece; Gene Regulation and Epigenetics group, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology of Hellas, Heraklion 70013, Greece
| | - Katerina Dalakoura-Karagkouni
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Division of Basic Sciences, University of Crete Medical School, Heraklion 71003, Greece; Gene Regulation and Epigenetics group, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology of Hellas, Heraklion 70013, Greece
| | - Despoina Vassou
- Genomics Facility, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology of Hellas, Heraklion 70013, Greece
| | - Giorgos Papagiannakis
- Genomics Facility, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology of Hellas, Heraklion 70013, Greece
| | - Ariadni Papadaki
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Division of Basic Sciences, University of Crete Medical School, Heraklion 71003, Greece
| | - Dimitris Kardassis
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Division of Basic Sciences, University of Crete Medical School, Heraklion 71003, Greece; Gene Regulation and Epigenetics group, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology of Hellas, Heraklion 70013, Greece.
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Bitam S, Hamadache M, Salah H. 2D QSAR studies on a series of (4 S,5 R)-5-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-4-methyl-1,3-oxazolidin-2-one as CETP inhibitors. SAR AND QSAR IN ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 31:423-438. [PMID: 32476475 DOI: 10.1080/1062936x.2020.1765195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is one of the major causes of human death. Preliminary evidence indicates that the inhibition treatment of Cholesteryl Ester Transfer Protein (CETP) causes the most pronounced increase in HDL cholesterol reported so far. Merck has disclosed certain (4S,5R)-5-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-4-methyl-1,3-oxazolidin-2-one derivatives, which show potent CETP inhibitory activity. Therefore, it would be desirable to develop computational models to facilitate the screening of these inhibitors. In the present work, quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) models have been developed to predict the therapeutic potency of 108 derivatives of (4S,5R)-5-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-4-methyl-1,3-oxazolidin-2-one: Multiple Linear Regression (MLR), Support Vector Regression (SVR) and Feedforward Neural Network using Particle Swarm Optimization (FNN-PSO). Six descriptors were selected using genetic algorithms, whereas, internal and external validation of the models was performed according to all available validation strategies. It was shown that CETP inhibitory activity is mainly governed by electronegativity, the structure of the molecule, and the electronic properties. The best results were obtained with the SVR model. The results obtained may assist in the design of new CETP inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Bitam
- Faculté de Technologie, Département du Génie des Procédés et Environnement, Laboratoire des Biomatériaux et Phénomènes de Transport (LBMPT), Université de Médéa , Medea, Algérie
| | - M Hamadache
- Faculté de Technologie, Département du Génie des Procédés et Environnement, Laboratoire des Biomatériaux et Phénomènes de Transport (LBMPT), Université de Médéa , Medea, Algérie
| | - H Salah
- Faculté de Technologie, Département du Génie des Procédés et Environnement, Laboratoire des Biomatériaux et Phénomènes de Transport (LBMPT), Université de Médéa , Medea, Algérie
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Perazza LR, Mitchell PL, Jensen BAH, Daniel N, Boyer M, Varin TV, Bouchareb R, Nachbar RT, Bouchard M, Blais M, Gagné A, Joubert P, Sweeney G, Roy D, Arsenault BJ, Mathieu P, Marette A. Dietary sucrose induces metabolic inflammation and atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases more than dietary fat in LDLr -/-ApoB 100/100 mice. Atherosclerosis 2020; 304:9-21. [PMID: 32563005 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2020.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Poor dietary habits contribute to the obesity pandemic and related cardiovascular diseases but the respective impact of high saturated fat versus added sugar consumption remains debated. Herein, we aimed to disentangle the individual role of dietary fat versus sugar in cardiometabolic disease progression. METHODS We fed pro-atherogenic LDLr-/-ApoB100/100 mice either a low-fat/high-sucrose (LFHS) or a high-fat/low-sucrose (HFLS) diet for 24 weeks. Weekly body weight gain was registered. 16S rRNA gene-based gut microbial analysis was performed to investigate gut microbial modulations. Intraperitoneal insulin (ipITT) and oral glucose tolerance test (oGTT) were conducted to assess glucose homeostasis and insulin sensitivity. Cytokines were assessed in fasted plasma, epididymal white adipose tissue and liver lysates. Heart function was evaluated by echocardiography. Aortic atheroma lesions were quantified according to the en face technique. RESULTS HFLS feeding increased obesity, insulin resistance and dyslipidemia compared to LFHS feeding. Conversely, high sucrose consumption decreased gut microbial diversity while augmenting inflammation and the adaptative immune defense against metabolic endotoxemia and reduced macrophage cholesterol efflux capacity. This led to more severe cardiovascular complications as revealed by remarkably high level of atherosclerotic lesions and the early development of cardiac dysfunction in LFHS vs HFLS fed mice. CONCLUSIONS We uncoupled obesity-associated insulin resistance from cardiovascular diseases and provided novel evidence that dietary sucrose, not fat, is the main driver of metabolic inflammation accelerating severe atherosclerosis in hyperlipidemic mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laís R Perazza
- Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada; Institute of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Patricia L Mitchell
- Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada; Institute of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Benjamin A H Jensen
- Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section for Human Genomics and Metagenomics in Metabolism, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Noëmie Daniel
- Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada; Institute of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Marjorie Boyer
- Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Thibault V Varin
- Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada; Institute of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Rihab Bouchareb
- Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Renato T Nachbar
- Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Michaël Bouchard
- Sherbrooke Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food, Canada, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Mylène Blais
- Sherbrooke Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food, Canada, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Andréanne Gagné
- Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Philippe Joubert
- Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Gary Sweeney
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Denis Roy
- Institute of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Benoit J Arsenault
- Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Patrick Mathieu
- Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - André Marette
- Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada; Institute of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada.
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Castaño D, Rattanasopa C, Monteiro-Cardoso VF, Corlianò M, Liu Y, Zhong S, Rusu M, Liehn EA, Singaraja RR. Lipid efflux mechanisms, relation to disease and potential therapeutic aspects. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2020; 159:54-93. [PMID: 32423566 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2020.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Lipids are hydrophobic and amphiphilic molecules involved in diverse functions such as membrane structure, energy metabolism, immunity, and signaling. However, altered intra-cellular lipid levels or composition can lead to metabolic and inflammatory dysfunction, as well as lipotoxicity. Thus, intra-cellular lipid homeostasis is tightly regulated by multiple mechanisms. Since most peripheral cells do not catabolize cholesterol, efflux (extra-cellular transport) of cholesterol is vital for lipid homeostasis. Defective efflux contributes to atherosclerotic plaque development, impaired β-cell insulin secretion, and neuropathology. Of these, defective lipid efflux in macrophages in the arterial walls leading to foam cell and atherosclerotic plaque formation has been the most well studied, likely because a leading global cause of death is cardiovascular disease. Circulating high density lipoprotein particles play critical roles as acceptors of effluxed cellular lipids, suggesting their importance in disease etiology. We review here mechanisms and pathways that modulate lipid efflux, the role of lipid efflux in disease etiology, and therapeutic options aimed at modulating this critical process.
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29
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Park B, Islam S, Vemulapalli RC, Shreve ME. Primary biliary cholangitis presenting as acute ischemic stroke: A rare association. Clin Case Rep 2020; 8:274-277. [PMID: 32128172 PMCID: PMC7044369 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.2590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 10/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary biliary cholangitis is associated with hyperlipidemia, but studies show that the condition does not increase cardiovascular risks. The case presents acute ischemic stroke with no underlying risk factors and subsequent new diagnosis of primary biliary cholangitis, which can suggest possible association between primary biliary cholangitis and acute stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bumsoo Park
- Departments of Family Medicine and UrologyUniversity of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn ArborMIUSA
| | - Sumaiya Islam
- Department of Family MedicineHenry Ford Health SystemWayne State University School of MedicineDetroitMIUSA
| | - Raghavendra C. Vemulapalli
- Department of Family MedicineHenry Ford Health SystemWayne State University School of MedicineDetroitMIUSA
| | - Maria E. Shreve
- Department of Family MedicineHenry Ford Health SystemWayne State University School of MedicineDetroitMIUSA
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Xu N, Xu H, Zhao M, Xu Y, Huang L. Associations of systemic, serum lipid and lipoprotein metabolic pathway gene variations with polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy in China. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0226763. [PMID: 31877157 PMCID: PMC6932770 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0226763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To investigate the association of systemic, serum lipids and genetic variants in the high-density lipoprotein (HDL) metabolic pathway with polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) in China. METHODS The case-control study was included 150 controls and 66 cases with PCV. Serum levels of total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), HDL, triglycerides (TG), apolipoprotein A1 (APOA1), apolipoprotein B (APOB) together with systemic risk factors including gender, hyperlipidemia, diabetes mellitus (DM), hypertension, coronary artery disease (CAD) and asthma were identified. All subjects were genotyped for four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from three genes in the HDL metabolic pathway: rs10468017 of hepatic lipase (LIPC), rs12678919 of lipoprotein lipase (LPL), rs3764261 and rs173539 of cholesterol ester transfer protein (CETP) with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS). Student's t-tests, chi-square tests, anova and logistic regression were used to evaluate associations. RESULTS Hyperlipidemia was a risk factor (odds ratio (OR) = 1.19, P = 0.001) for PCV. HDL, LDL and APOB levels were associated with PCV (OR = 0.001, P = 0.004; OR = 0.099, P = 0.010; OR = 0.839, P = 0.018). Higher level of TC was potently associated with increased risk of PCV (OR = 109.8, P = 0.000). LIPC rs10468017 was a risk factor for PCV (OR = 11.68, P = 0.000). CETP rs3764261 conferred a decreased risk for PCV (OR = 0.08, P = 0.000). No associations of LPL rs12678919 or CETP rs173539 with PCV were found. Mean level of HDL increased with T allele of the CETP gene (p = 0.026): 1.24 mmol/L (±0.31) for the GG genotype and 1.66 mmol/L (±0.54) for the TT genotype. Additionally, T allele was associated with the following increase in APOA1: 136.78 mg/dl (±20.53) for the CC genotype and 149.57 mg/dl (±22.67) for the TT genotype of LIPC and 137.91 mg/dl (±20.36) for the GG genotype and 162.67 mg/dl (±22.50) for the TT genotype of CETP gene. CONCLUSION Our study suggested that the significant association was found between hyperlipidemia, the serum levels of TC, HDL, LDL and APOB and PCV. The result of present study also showed that the association of LIPC rs10468017 and CETP rs3764261 with PCV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningda Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University People’s Hospital Eye Diseases and Optometry Institute, Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Retinal and Choroid Diseases, College of Optometry, Peking University Health Science Center; Beijing,China
| | - Hui Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University People’s Hospital Eye Diseases and Optometry Institute, Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Retinal and Choroid Diseases, College of Optometry, Peking University Health Science Center; Beijing,China
| | - Mingwei Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University People’s Hospital Eye Diseases and Optometry Institute, Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Retinal and Choroid Diseases, College of Optometry, Peking University Health Science Center; Beijing,China
| | - Yongsheng Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University People’s Hospital Eye Diseases and Optometry Institute, Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Retinal and Choroid Diseases, College of Optometry, Peking University Health Science Center; Beijing,China
| | - Lvzhen Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University People’s Hospital Eye Diseases and Optometry Institute, Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Retinal and Choroid Diseases, College of Optometry, Peking University Health Science Center; Beijing,China
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Radagdam S, Asoudeh-Fard A, Karimi MA, Faridvand Y, Gholinejad Z, Gerayesh Nejad S. Calcitriol modulates cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) levels and lipid profile in hypercholesterolemic male rabbits: A pilot study. INT J VITAM NUTR RES 2019; 91:212-216. [PMID: 31842709 DOI: 10.1024/0300-9831/a000613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin D3 efficacy against cardiovascular disease prevention has been reported in many experimental studies. We aimed to investigate the effect of the calcitriol or active form of Vitamin D3 (1, 25(OH) 2D3) on serum cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) levels in a rabbit model of atherosclerosis. New Zealand white male rabbits were fed with 1% cholesterol diet and randomly assigned into two groups (n = 6). The case group was administrated with 50000 calcitriol (IU/kg/per wk) and the control group which administrated with calcitriol solvent (sesame oil) for 2 months. Then, after two months the lipid profile, CETP and 25OHD3 levels were measured. The serum concentration of CETP was increased after treatment with calcitriol in case group as compared to the control group (41.75 ± 3.19 vs. 34.5 ± 2.3, ng/ml, P < 0.05). We also observed higher levels of the 25OHD3 in the calcitriol group at the 1st month (16.3 ± 1.64 vs. 12.8 ± 1.33 ng/ml) and the 2nd month (19.5 ± 2.14 vs. 12.5 ± 1.25 ng/ml) as compared with the control group. the significant increase in the level of HDL-C was observed in the case group than the control group (P < 0.01). In addition, serum levels of LDL- Cholesterol (LDL-C), Triglyceride (TG) were reduced after assessment at 1st and 2nd month after administration of calcitriol. Our research indicated the significant anti-atherogenic effects of calcitriol in the rabbit model of atherosclerosis. However, increased in CETP levels by calcitriol may know as an additional way, which interfere with the anti-atherogenic effects of calcitriol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Radagdam
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Abbas Asoudeh-Fard
- INSERM U1148, Laboratory for Vascular Translational Science, Cardiovascular Bioengineering, Paris 13 University, Sorbonne Paris, France.,Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad-Ali Karimi
- Student Research Committee, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Yousef Faridvand
- Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Zafar Gholinejad
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Siavash Gerayesh Nejad
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Cuban Sugar Cane Wax Acid and Policosanol Showed Similar Atheroprotective Effects with Inhibition of LDL Oxidation and Cholesteryl Ester Transfer via Enhancement of High-Density Lipoproteins Functionality. Cardiovasc Ther 2019; 2019:8496409. [PMID: 31772618 PMCID: PMC6739770 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8496409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cuban sugarcane wax acids (SCWA) and policosanol (PCO) are mixtures of higher aliphatic acids and alcohols, respectively, purified from sugarcane wax with different chief components. Although it has been known that they have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, physiological properties on molecular mechanism of SCWA have been less studied than PCO. Methods In this study, we compared antiatherogenic activities of SCWA and PCO via encapsulation with reconstituted high-density lipoproteins (rHDL). Results After reconstitution, SCWA-rHDL showed smaller particle size than PCO-rHDL with increase of content. PCO-rHDL or SCWA-rHDL showed distinct inhibition of glycation with similar extent in the presence of fructose. PCO-rHDL or SCWA-rHDL showed strong antioxidant activity against cupric ion-mediated oxidation of low-density lipoproteins (LDL), and inhibition of oxLDL uptake into macrophages. Although PCO-rHDL showed 1.2-fold stronger inhibition against cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) activity than SCWA-rHDL, SCWA-rHDL enhanced 15% more brain cell (BV-2) growth and 23% more regeneration of tail fin in zebrafish. Conclusion PCO and SCWA both enhance the beneficial functions of HDL to maximize its antioxidant, antiglycation, and antiatherosclerotic activities and the inhibition of CETP. These enhancements of HDL functionality by PCO and SCWA could exert antiaging and rejuvenation activity.
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Zhang F, Zhang R, Zhang X, Wu Y, Li X, Zhang S, Hou W, Ding Y, Tian J, Sun L, Kong X. Comprehensive analysis of circRNA expression pattern and circRNA-miRNA-mRNA network in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis in rabbits. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 10:2266-2283. [PMID: 30187887 PMCID: PMC6188486 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic and multifactorial inflammatory disease and is closely associated with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. circRNAs can act as competing endogenous RNAs to mRNAs and function in various diseases. However, there is little known about the function of circRNAs in atherosclerosis. In this study, three rabbits in the case group were fed a high-fat diet to induce atherosclerosis and another three rabbits were fed a normal diet. To explore the biological functions of circRNAs in atherosclerosis, we analyzed the circRNA, miRNA and mRNA expression profiles using RNA-seq. Many miRNAs, mRNAs and circRNAs were identified as significantly changed in atherosclerosis. We next predicted miRNA-target interactions with the miRanda tool and constructed a differentially expressed circRNA-miRNA-mRNA triple network. A gene ontology enrichment analysis showed that genes in the network were involved in cell adhesion, cell activation and the immune response. Furthermore, we generated a dysregulated circRNA-related ceRNAs network and found seven circRNAs (ocu-cirR-novel-18038, -18298, -15993, -17934, -17879, -18036 and -14389) were related to atherosclerosis. We found these circRNAs also functioned in cell adhesion, cell activation and the immune response. These results show that the crosstalk between circRNAs and their competing mRNAs might play crucial roles in the development of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Ruyou Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound, Drug Rehabilitation Center of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, 150056, China
| | - Yingnan Wu
- Department of Ultrasound, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Xiaoying Li
- Department of Ultrasound, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Shuang Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Wenying Hou
- Department of Ultrasound, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Yu Ding
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Jiawei Tian
- Department of Ultrasound, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Litao Sun
- Department of Ultrasound, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Xianchao Kong
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
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Gu L, Saha ST, Thomas J, Kaur M. Targeting cellular cholesterol for anticancer therapy. FEBS J 2019; 286:4192-4208. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.15018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liang Gu
- School of Molecular and Cell Biology University of the Witwatersrand Johannesburg South Africa
| | - Sourav Taru Saha
- School of Molecular and Cell Biology University of the Witwatersrand Johannesburg South Africa
| | - Jodie Thomas
- School of Molecular and Cell Biology University of the Witwatersrand Johannesburg South Africa
| | - Mandeep Kaur
- School of Molecular and Cell Biology University of the Witwatersrand Johannesburg South Africa
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Genetically regulated gene expression underlies lipid traits in Hispanic cohorts. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0220827. [PMID: 31393916 PMCID: PMC6687110 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0220827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Plasma lipid levels are risk factors for cardiovascular disease, a leading cause of death worldwide. While many studies have been conducted in genetic variation underlying lipid levels, they mainly comprise individuals of European ancestry and thus their transferability to non-European populations is unclear. We performed genome-wide (GWAS) and imputed transcriptome-wide association studies of four lipid traits in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos cohort (HCHS/SoL, n = 11,103), replicated top hits in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA, n = 3,855), and compared the results to the larger, predominantly European ancestry meta-analysis by the Global Lipids Genetics Consortium (GLGC, n = 196,475). In our GWAS, we found significant SNP associations in regions within or near known lipid genes, but in our admixture mapping analysis, we did not find significant associations between local ancestry and lipid phenotypes. In the imputed transcriptome-wide association study in multiple tissues and in different ethnicities, we found 59 significant gene-tissue-phenotype associations (P < 3.61×10-8) with 14 unique significant genes, many of which occurred across multiple phenotypes, tissues, and ethnicities and replicated in MESA (45/59) and in GLGC (44/59). These include well-studied lipid genes such as SORT1, CETP, and PSRC1, as well as genes that have been implicated in cardiovascular phenotypes, such as CCL22 and ICAM1. The majority (40/59) of significant associations colocalized with expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs), indicating a possible mechanism of gene regulation in lipid level variation. To fully characterize the genetic architecture of lipid traits in diverse populations, larger studies in non-European ancestry populations are needed.
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Jonas K, Kopeć G. HDL Cholesterol as a Marker of Disease Severity and Prognosis in Patients with Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E3514. [PMID: 31323735 PMCID: PMC6678550 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20143514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The impact of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol on the development of atherosclerosis and diseases of systemic circulation has been well documented both in experimental and registry studies. Recent discoveries in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) revealed a significant impact of HDL on pulmonary artery vasoreactivity and patients' prognosis. The vasoprotective activity of HDL primarily involves vascular endothelium that also plays a central role in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) pathobiology. However, the exact mechanism in which this lipoprotein fraction exerts its effect in pulmonary circulation is still under investigation. This paper reviews potential vasoprotective mechanisms of HDL in pulmonary circulation and presents current clinical reports on the role of HDL in PAH patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamil Jonas
- Department of Cardiac and Vascular Diseases, Jagiellonian University Medical College, John Paul II Hospital, 31-202 Krakow, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Kopeć
- Department of Cardiac and Vascular Diseases, Jagiellonian University Medical College, John Paul II Hospital, 31-202 Krakow, Poland.
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Genetic and Non-Genetic Factor-Adjusted Association between Coffee Drinking and High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol in Taiwanese Adults: Stratification by Sex. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11051102. [PMID: 31108953 PMCID: PMC6566419 DOI: 10.3390/nu11051102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) is a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), the leading cause of global mortality. We aimed to determine the effect of coffee drinking and sex and their interaction, as well as rs1800588 and rs1800775 polymorphisms on HDL-C levels in Taiwanese adults. Data of 4262 men and 4813 women, aged 30–70 years, were retrieved from Taiwan Biobank. The interaction between sex and coffee drinking on HDL-C was significant (p = 0.0452). Coffee consumption was significantly associated with higher HDL-C levels in only women (β = 0.81679; p = 0.0246). However, rs1800588 and rs1800775 variants were significantly associated with HDL-C in both sexes. In women, β-values were 0.99080; p = 0.0059 and 3.16277; p < 0.0001 for rs1800588 CT and TT genotypes, respectively and −1.80954; p < 0.0001 and −2.81512; p < 0.0001 for rs1800775 AC and CC genotypes, respectively. In men, β-values were 1.32430; p < 0.0001 and 3.24976; p < 0.0001 for rs1800775 CT and TT genotypes, respectively and −1.96232; p < 0.0001 and −2.71536, p < 0.0001 for the AC and CC genotypes, respectively. In conclusion, coffee drinking was significantly associated with higher high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels in women but not men after adjusting for confounders including rs1800588 (LIPC) and rs1800775 (CETP) variants.
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38
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Vaccination against atherosclerosis. Curr Opin Immunol 2019; 59:15-24. [PMID: 30928800 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2019.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease that causes most heart attacks and strokes, making it the biggest killer in the world. Although cholesterol-lowering drugs have dramatically reduced these major adverse cardiovascular events, there remains a high residual risk called inflammatory risk. Atherosclerosis has an autoimmune component that can be manipulated by immunologic approaches including vaccination. Vaccination is attractive, because it is antigen-specific, does not impair host defense, and provides long-term protection. Several candidate antigens for atherosclerosis vaccine development have been identified and have been shown to reduce atherosclerosis in animal models. In this review, we focus on two different types of atherosclerosis vaccines: antibody-inducing and regulatory T cell-inducing.
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Liu J, Zhao M, Zhu Y, Wang X, Zheng L, Yin Y. LC-MS-Based Metabolomics and Lipidomics Study of High-Density-Lipoprotein-Modulated Glucose Metabolism with an apoA-I Knockout Mouse Model. J Proteome Res 2018; 18:48-56. [PMID: 30543107 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.8b00290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has become a tremendous problem in public health nowadays. High-density lipoprotein (HDL) refers to a group of heterogeneous particles that circulate in blood, and a recent research finds that HDL acts a pivotal part of glucose metabolism. To understand systemic metabolic changes correlated with HDL in glucose metabolism, we applied LC-MS-based metabolomics and lipidomics to detect metabolomic and lipidomic profiles of plasma from apoA-I knockout mice fed a high-fat diet. Multivariate analysis was applied to differentiate apoA-I knockout mice and controls, and potential biomarkers were found. Pathway analysis demonstrated that several metabolic pathways such as aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis, arginine and proline metabolism, and phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan biosynthesis were dysregulated in apoA-I knockout mice. This study may provide a new insight into the underlying pathogenesis in T2DM and prove that LC-MS-based metabolomics and lipidomics are powerful approaches in finding potential biomarkers and disturbed pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Liu
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences , Peking University Health Science Center , Beijing 100191 , China
| | - Mingming Zhao
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences of Ministry of Education , Peking University Health Science Center , Beijing 100191 , China
| | - Yizhang Zhu
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences , Peking University Health Science Center , Beijing 100191 , China
| | - Xu Wang
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences of Ministry of Education , Peking University Health Science Center , Beijing 100191 , China
| | - Lemin Zheng
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences of Ministry of Education , Peking University Health Science Center , Beijing 100191 , China
| | - Yuxin Yin
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences , Peking University Health Science Center , Beijing 100191 , China
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40
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Kosmas CE, Silverio D, Sourlas A, Garcia F, Montan PD, Guzman E. Primary genetic disorders affecting high density lipoprotein (HDL). Drugs Context 2018; 7:212546. [PMID: 30214464 PMCID: PMC6135231 DOI: 10.7573/dic.212546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
There is extensive evidence demonstrating that there is a clear inverse correlation between plasma high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) concentration and cardiovascular disease (CVD). On the other hand, there is also extensive evidence that HDL functionality plays a very important role in atheroprotection. Thus, genetic disorders altering certain enzymes, lipid transfer proteins, or specific receptors crucial for the metabolism and adequate function of HDL, may positively or negatively affect the HDL-C levels and/or HDL functionality and subsequently either provide protection or predispose to atherosclerotic disease. This review aims to describe certain genetic disorders associated with either low or high plasma HDL-C and discuss their clinical features, associated risk for cardiovascular events, and treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constantine E Kosmas
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - Delia Silverio
- Cardiology Clinic, Cardiology Unlimited, PC, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Frank Garcia
- Cardiology Clinic, Cardiology Unlimited, PC, New York, NY, USA
| | - Peter D Montan
- Cardiology Clinic, Cardiology Unlimited, PC, New York, NY, USA
| | - Eliscer Guzman
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
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41
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Ai XM, Ho LC, Han LL, Lu JJ, Yue X, Yang NY. The role of splenectomy in lipid metabolism and atherosclerosis (AS). Lipids Health Dis 2018; 17:186. [PMID: 30111317 PMCID: PMC6094557 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-018-0841-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The extensive performance of splenectomy worldwide for patients suffered from splenic trauma has given rise to high risks of postoperative complications, which has been attracting increasing attention in recent years. Nowadays the spleen is regarded as a versatile organ of the human body, invested with various excellent properties. The spleen has been recognized to take a great part in lipid metabolism. While removal of the spleen intends to alter lipid values, especially with an elevated LDL, splenic autotransplantation is able to normalize these lipid alterations. What is more, conservative surgical procedures like subtotal or partial splenectomy, could as well, afford a correction of dyslipidemia. At the same time, clinically, splenectomy demonstrates a high rate of atherosclerosis (AS), whereas non-surgical treatment after splenic trauma shows unchanged propagation of AS. Based on the intimate relationship between serum lipids and AS, the lipid changes modulated by splenectomy are believed to be responsible for the development of AS. Therefore, a "splenic factor" is most likely present in the regulation of lipidation and AS. Several theories have been postulated to elucidate the possible mechanism involved, among which most are primarily based on its forceful natural immune function, that is to say, the mononuclear phagocytic system.However, the accurate mechanisms behind this mysterious phenomenon still remain unclear so far. Of importance, lipid fractions should be monitored consecutively in case of inevitable splenectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ming Ai
- Department of General Surgery, BenQ Medical Center, The Affiliated BenQ Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210019, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Li-Chen Ho
- Department of General Surgery, BenQ Medical Center, The Affiliated BenQ Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210019, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lu-Lu Han
- Department of General Surgery, BenQ Medical Center, The Affiliated BenQ Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210019, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jin-Jing Lu
- Department of General Surgery, BenQ Medical Center, The Affiliated BenQ Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210019, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiong Yue
- Department of General Surgery, BenQ Medical Center, The Affiliated BenQ Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210019, Jiangsu, China
| | - Nian-Yin Yang
- Department of General Surgery, BenQ Medical Center, The Affiliated BenQ Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210019, Jiangsu, China
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El-Lebedy D. Interaction between endothelial nitric oxide synthase rs1799983, cholesteryl ester-transfer protein rs708272 and angiopoietin-like protein 8 rs2278426 gene variants highly elevates the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2018; 17:97. [PMID: 29973202 PMCID: PMC6032560 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-018-0742-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of the present study was to examine the association of angiopoietin-like proteins-8 (ANGPTL8) rs2278426, cholesteryl ester-transfer protein (CETP) rs708272 and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (NOS3) rs1799983 variants with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and cardiovascular disease (CVD), and to investigate the effect of the potential interaction between these variants on disease risk. Methods Our study included 272 subjects classified into 68 patients with T2DM, 68 patients with T2DM complicated with CVD and 136 control subjects. ANGPTL8 c194C>T, CETP Taq1B and NOS3 G894T polymorphisms were genotyped using TaqMan® SNP Genotyping Assay. Results The presence of NOS3, ANGPTL8, and homozygous CETP B1 variants were associated with increased risk of T2DM by 3.07-, 2.33- and 1.75-fold, respectively. NOS3 variant was associated with 3.08-fold increased risk of CVD (95% CI 1.70–5.60), while ANGPTL8 C allele was associated with 2.8-fold increased risk of CVD in T2DM patients (95% CI 1.13–6.97). Concomitant presence of both, CETP B1 and NOS3 T allele, associated with increased risk of T2DM, CVD and CVD in T2DM by 8.36-, 6.33- and 7.87-fold, respectively, while concomitant presence of ANGPTL8 variant with either CETP B1 or NOS3 T allele was not associated with increased risk of T2DM or CVD. However, concomitant presence of the three variants together elevated the risk of T2DM by 13.22-fold (p = 0.004), CVD risk by 8.86-fold (p = 0.03) and highly elevated the risk of CVD in T2DM patients by 13.8-fold (p = 0.008). Conclusions Concomitant presence of CETP B1, NOS3 T and ANGPTL8 T alleles augments the risk of CVD and T2DM. Further studies to clarify the mechanism of gene–gene interaction in the pathogenesis of CVD and T2DM are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalia El-Lebedy
- Department of Clinical and Chemical Pathology, Medical Research Division, National Research Center, Al-Bohouth Street, Cairo, 12311, Egypt.
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Vikøren LA, Drotningsvik A, Bergseth MT, Mjøs SA, Austgulen MH, Mellgren G, Gudbrandsen OA. Intake of Baked Cod Fillet Resulted in Lower Serum Cholesterol and Higher Long Chain n-3 PUFA Concentrations in Serum and Tissues in Hypercholesterolemic Obese Zucker fa/fa Rats. Nutrients 2018; 10:E840. [PMID: 29958397 PMCID: PMC6073601 DOI: 10.3390/nu10070840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Revised: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence indicates that lean fish consumption may benefit cardiovascular health. High cholesterol and low n-3 PUFA concentrations in serum are associated with an increased risk of coronary heart disease; therefore, it is of interest to investigate effects of cod intake on cholesterol and n-3 PUFAs in serum and tissues. Hypercholesterolemic obese Zucker fa/fa rats were fed diets containing 25% protein from baked cod fillet and 75% protein from casein (Baked Cod Diet), or casein as the sole protein source (Control Diet) for four weeks. Consuming Baked Cod Diet resulted in lower serum cholesterol and lower hepatic mRNA concentrations of HMG-CoA reductase and sterol O-acyltransferase-2 without affecting serum bile acid concentration, faecal excretion of cholesterol and bile acid, and hepatic concentrations of bile acids, cholesterol and cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase mRNA when compared to Control Diet. Rats fed Baked Cod Diet had higher concentrations of n-3 PUFAs in serum, liver, skeletal muscle and adipose tissue. To conclude, baked cod fillet intake resulted in lower serum cholesterol, which was probably caused by lower endogenous cholesterol synthesis, and higher n-3 PUFA in serum and tissues in obese Zucker fa/fa rats. These findings support the evidence that lean fish consumption might benefit cardiovascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linn A Vikøren
- Dietary Protein Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway.
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway.
| | - Aslaug Drotningsvik
- Dietary Protein Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway.
| | - Marthe T Bergseth
- Dietary Protein Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway.
| | - Svein A Mjøs
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, P.O. Box 7803, 5020 Bergen, Norway.
- Nofima BioLab, P.O. Box 1425 Oasen, 5828 Bergen, Norway.
| | - Maren H Austgulen
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway.
| | - Gunnar Mellgren
- Department of Clinical Science, KG Jebsen Center for Diabetes Research, University of Bergen, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway.
- Hormone Laboratory, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway.
| | - Oddrun A Gudbrandsen
- Dietary Protein Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway.
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Biochemical and Ultrastructural Cardiac Changes Induced by High-Fat Diet in Female and Male Prepubertal Rabbits. Anal Cell Pathol (Amst) 2018; 2018:6430696. [PMID: 29850391 PMCID: PMC5904822 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6430696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2017] [Revised: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Early weight gain induced by high-fat diet has been identified as a predictor for cardiac disease, one of the most serious public health problems. Our goal is to study the influence of a HFD on biochemical, oxidant stress parameters, and the cardiac ultrastructure in both male and female prepubertal models. Experiments were carried on 24 prepubertal New Zealand white rabbits, randomly assigned to male and female control (MC and FC, resp.) or HFD (MHFD and FHFD, resp.) groups (n = 6) for 3 months. Body and heart weights and some biochemical and oxidative stress parameters such as lipids, calcium, CKMB, MDA, uric acid, ascorbic acid, and AOA are evaluated in plasma and the left ventricle. Under HFD effect, plasma parameters, such as lipids (TL, PL, and LDL-C), MDA, and CK-MB, increase more significantly in male than in female groups, when AA decreases. Some cardiac parameters such as TG and UA increase, when AA and AOA decrease; these variations are more significant in FHFD. In both male and female rabbits, HFD caused changes in heart ultrastructure, junctional complexes, mitochondria size and form, and so on. Early HFD feeding induced overweight, oxidative stress, and metabolic alterations in plasma and the heart of prepubertal rabbits, whereas lipotoxicity has especially a negative impact on male plasma but affects more the female heart ultrastructure.
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45
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Yang Y, Wang J, He H, Zhang W, Zhang Y, Liu J. Influence of Fatty Acid Modification on Uptake of Lovastatin-Loaded Reconstituted High Density Lipoprotein by Foam Cells. Pharm Res 2018; 35:134. [DOI: 10.1007/s11095-018-2419-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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46
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van Leeuwen EM, Emri E, Merle BMJ, Colijn JM, Kersten E, Cougnard-Gregoire A, Dammeier S, Meester-Smoor M, Pool FM, de Jong EK, Delcourt C, Rodrigez-Bocanegra E, Biarnés M, Luthert PJ, Ueffing M, Klaver CCW, Nogoceke E, den Hollander AI, Lengyel I. A new perspective on lipid research in age-related macular degeneration. Prog Retin Eye Res 2018; 67:56-86. [PMID: 29729972 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2018.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Revised: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
There is an urgency to find new treatment strategies that could prevent or delay the onset or progression of AMD. Different classes of lipids and lipoproteins metabolism genes have been associated with AMD in a multiple ways, but despite the ever-increasing knowledge base, we still do not understand fully how circulating lipids or local lipid metabolism contribute to AMD. It is essential to clarify whether dietary lipids, systemic or local lipoprotein metabolismtrafficking of lipids in the retina should be targeted in the disease. In this article, we critically evaluate what has been reported in the literature and identify new directions needed to bring about a significant advance in our understanding of the role for lipids in AMD. This may help to develop potential new treatment strategies through targeting the lipid homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth M van Leeuwen
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eszter Emri
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Benedicte M J Merle
- Univ. Bordeaux, Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, Team LEHA, UMR 1219, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Johanna M Colijn
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eveline Kersten
- Department of Ophthalmology, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Audrey Cougnard-Gregoire
- Univ. Bordeaux, Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, Team LEHA, UMR 1219, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Sascha Dammeier
- Centre for Ophthalmology, Institute for Ophthalmic Research, University of Tübingen, Germany
| | - Magda Meester-Smoor
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Eiko K de Jong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Cécile Delcourt
- Univ. Bordeaux, Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, Team LEHA, UMR 1219, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | | | | | | | - Marius Ueffing
- Centre for Ophthalmology, Institute for Ophthalmic Research, University of Tübingen, Germany
| | - Caroline C W Klaver
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Ophthalmology, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Everson Nogoceke
- Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Anneke I den Hollander
- Department of Ophthalmology, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Imre Lengyel
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom.
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47
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Arias-Mutis ÓJ, Genovés P, Calvo CJ, Díaz A, Parra G, Such-Miquel L, Such L, Alberola A, Chorro FJ, Zarzoso M. An Experimental Model of Diet-Induced Metabolic Syndrome in Rabbit: Methodological Considerations, Development, and Assessment. J Vis Exp 2018. [PMID: 29733304 DOI: 10.3791/57117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, obesity and metabolic syndrome (MetS) have become a growing problem for public health and clinical practice, given their increased prevalence due to the rise of sedentary lifestyles and unhealthy eating habits. Thanks to animal models, basic research can investigate the mechanisms underlying pathological processes such as MetS. Here, we describe the methods used to develop an experimental rabbit model of diet-induced MetS and its assessment. After a period of acclimation, animals are fed a high-fat (10% hydrogenated coconut oil and 5% lard), high-sucrose (15% sucrose dissolved in water) diet for 28 weeks. During this period, several experimental procedures were performed to evaluate the different components of MetS: morphological and blood pressure measurements, glucose tolerance determination, and the analysis of several plasma markers. At the end of the experimental period, animals developed central obesity, mild hypertension, pre-diabetes, and dyslipidemia with low HDL, high LDL, and an increase of triglyceride (TG) levels, thus reproducing the main components of human MetS. This chronic model allows new perspectives for understanding the underlying mechanisms in the progression of the disease, the detection of preclinical and clinical markers that allow the identification of patients at risk, or even the testing of new therapeutic approaches for the treatment of this complex pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Óscar Julián Arias-Mutis
- CIBERCV, Instituto de Salud Carlos III; Department of Physiology, Universitat de València; INCLIVA
| | - Patricia Genovés
- CIBERCV, Instituto de Salud Carlos III; Department of Physiology, Universitat de València; INCLIVA
| | - Conrado J Calvo
- CIBERCV, Instituto de Salud Carlos III; Department of Physiology, Universitat de València; Department of Electronic Engineering, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia
| | | | - Germán Parra
- Department of Physiology, Universitat de València; INCLIVA
| | | | - Luis Such
- Department of Physiology, Universitat de València
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48
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Duntas LH, Brenta G. A Renewed Focus on the Association Between Thyroid Hormones and Lipid Metabolism. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:511. [PMID: 30233497 PMCID: PMC6129606 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Thyroid dysfunction, manifesting as either overt or subclinical hypothyroidism, negatively affects lipid metabolism: this leads to hypercholesterolemia which progressively increases the risk for cardiovascular disease and, potentially, mortality. Hypercholesterolemia in hypothyroidism is mainly due to a reduction in low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor activity, this accompanied by concomitant diminishing control by triiodothyronine (T3) of sterol regulatory element-binding protein 2 (SREBP-2), which modulates cholesterol biosynthesis by regulating rate-limit degrading enzyme 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase (HMG-CoA) activity. Recently, 3,5-diiodothyronine (T2), a natural thyroid hormone derivative, was found to repress the transcription factor carbohydrate-response element-binding protein (ChREBP) and also to be involved in lipid catabolism and lipogenesis, though via a different pathway than that of T3. While thyroid hormone could therapeutically reverse the dyslipidemic profile commonly occurring in hypothyroidism, it should be borne in mind that the potency of the effects may be age-and sex-dependent. Thyroid hormone administration possibly also sustains and enhances the efficacy of hypolipidemic drugs, such as statins, ezetimibe and proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9), in patients with dyslipidemia and hypothyroidism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonidas H. Duntas
- Unit of Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism, Thyroid Section, Evgenideion Hospital, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
- *Correspondence: Leonidas H. Duntas
| | - Gabriela Brenta
- Unit of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Thyroid Section, Dr. Cesar Milstein Hospital, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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49
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Palacio Rojas M, Prieto C, Bermúdez V, Garicano C, Núñez Nava T, Martínez MS, Salazar J, Rojas E, Pérez A, Marca Vicuña P, González Martínez N, Maldonado Parra S, Hoedebecke K, D’Addosio R, Cano C, Rojas J. Dyslipidemia: Genetics, lipoprotein lipase and HindIII polymorphism. F1000Res 2017; 6:2073. [DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.12938.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The direct link between lipid metabolism alterations and the increase of cardiovascular risk are well documented. Dyslipidemias, including isolated high LDL-c or mixed dyslipidemia, such as those seen in diabetes (hypertriglyceridemia, high LDL-c or low HDL-c), correlate with a significant risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease worldwide. This review analyzes the current knowledge concerning the genetic basis of lipid metabolism alterations, emphasizing lipoprotein lipase gene mutations and the HindIII polymorphism, which are associated with decreased levels of triglycerides and LDL-c, as well as higher levels of HDL-c. These patterns would be associated with decreased global morbidity and mortality, providing protection against cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.
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50
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Palacio Rojas M, Prieto C, Bermúdez V, Garicano C, Núñez Nava T, Martínez MS, Salazar J, Rojas E, Pérez A, Marca Vicuña P, González Martínez N, Maldonado Parra S, Hoedebecke K, D'Addosio R, Cano C, Rojas J. Dyslipidemia: Genetics, lipoprotein lipase and HindIII polymorphism. F1000Res 2017; 6:2073. [PMID: 30345000 PMCID: PMC6171722 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.12938.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The direct link between lipid metabolism alterations and the increase of cardiovascular risk are well documented. Dyslipidemias, including isolated high LDL-c or mixed dyslipidemia, such as those seen in diabetes (hypertriglyceridemia, high LDL-c or low HDL-c), correlate with a significant risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease worldwide. This review analyzes the current knowledge concerning the genetic basis of lipid metabolism alterations, emphasizing lipoprotein lipase gene mutations and the HindIII polymorphism, which are associated with decreased levels of triglycerides and LDL-c, as well as higher levels of HDL-c. These patterns would be associated with decreased global morbidity and mortality, providing protection against cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Palacio Rojas
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela.,Hospital Básico de Paute, Public Health Ministry, Paute, Ecuador
| | - Carem Prieto
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - Valmore Bermúdez
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela.,Grupo de Investigación Altos Estudios de Frontera (ALEF), Universidad Simón Bolívar, Cúcuta, Colombia
| | - Carlos Garicano
- Grupo de Investigación Altos Estudios de Frontera (ALEF), Universidad Simón Bolívar, Cúcuta, Colombia
| | - Trina Núñez Nava
- Hospital Básico de Paute, Public Health Ministry, Paute, Ecuador
| | - María Sofía Martínez
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - Juan Salazar
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - Edward Rojas
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
| | - Arturo Pérez
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
| | | | | | | | - Kyle Hoedebecke
- WONCA Polaris - USA, Bangkok, 10500, Thailand.,Yongsan Health Clinic, Seoul, 96205, South Korea
| | - Rosanna D'Addosio
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - Clímaco Cano
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - Joselyn Rojas
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
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