1
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Kadamani KL, Logan SM, Pamenter ME. Does hypometabolism constrain innate immune defense? Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2024; 240:e14091. [PMID: 38288574 DOI: 10.1111/apha.14091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Many animals routinely make energetic trade-offs to adjust to environmental demands and these trade-offs often have significant implications for survival. For example, environmental hypoxia is commonly experienced by many organisms and is an energetically challenging condition because reduced oxygen availability constrains aerobic energy production, which can be lethal. Many hypoxia-tolerant species downregulate metabolic demands when oxygen is limited; however, certain physiological functions are obligatory and must be maintained despite the need to conserve energy in hypoxia. Of particular interest is immunity (including both constitutive and induced immune functions) because mounting an immune response is among the most energetically expensive physiological processes but maintaining immune function is critical for survival in most environments. Intriguingly, physiological responses to hypoxia and pathogens share key molecular regulators such as hypoxia-inducible factor-1α, through which hypoxia can directly activate an immune response. This raises an interesting question: do hypoxia-tolerant species mount an immune response during periods of hypoxia-induced hypometabolism? Unfortunately, surprisingly few studies have examined interactions between immunity and hypometabolism in such species. Therefore, in this review, we consider mechanistic interactions between metabolism and immunity, as well as energetic trade-offs between these two systems, in hypoxia-tolerant animals but also in other models of hypometabolism, including neonates and hibernators. Specifically, we explore the hypothesis that such species have blunted immune responses in hypometabolic conditions and/or use alternative immune pathways when in a hypometabolic state. Evidence to date suggests that hypoxia-tolerant animals do maintain immunity in low oxygen conditions, but that the sensitivity of immune responses may be blunted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen L Kadamani
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Samantha M Logan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Matthew E Pamenter
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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2
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Smith MJ, Penny T, Pham Y, Sutherland AE, Jenkin G, Fahey MC, Paton MCB, Finch-Edmondson M, Miller SL, McDonald CA. Neuroprotective Action of Tacrolimus before and after Onset of Neonatal Hypoxic-Ischaemic Brain Injury in Rats. Cells 2023; 12:2659. [PMID: 37998394 PMCID: PMC10669941 DOI: 10.3390/cells12222659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Neonatal brain injury can lead to permanent neurodevelopmental impairments. Notably, suppressing inflammatory pathways may reduce damage. To determine the role of neuroinflammation in the progression of neonatal brain injury, we investigated the effect of treating neonatal rat pups with the immunosuppressant tacrolimus at two time points: before and after hypoxic-ischaemic (HI)-induced injury. (2) Methods: To induce HI injury, postnatal day (PND) 10 rat pups underwent single carotid artery ligation followed by hypoxia (8% oxygen, 90 min). Pups received daily tacrolimus (or a vehicle) starting either 3 days before HI on PND 7 (pre-HI), or 12 h after HI (post-HI). Four doses were tested: 0.025, 0.05, 0.1 or 0.25 mg/kg/day. Pups were euthanised at PND 17 or PND 50. (3) Results: All tacrolimus doses administered pre-HI significantly reduced brain infarct size and neuronal loss, increased the number of resting microglia and reduced cellular apoptosis (p < 0.05 compared to control). In contrast, only the highest dose of tacrolimus administered post-HI (0.25 mg/kg/day) reduced brain infarct size (p < 0.05). All doses of tacrolimus reduced pup weight compared to the controls. (4) Conclusions: Tacrolimus administration 3 days pre-HI was neuroprotective, likely mediated through neuroinflammatory and cell death pathways. Tacrolimus post-HI may have limited capacity to reduce brain injury, with higher doses increasing rat pup mortality. This work highlights the benefits of targeting neuroinflammation during the acute injurious period. More specific targeting of neuroinflammation, e.g., via T-cells, warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeleine J. Smith
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia; (M.J.S.); (T.P.); (Y.P.); (A.E.S.); (G.J.); (M.C.F.); (S.L.M.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Tayla Penny
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia; (M.J.S.); (T.P.); (Y.P.); (A.E.S.); (G.J.); (M.C.F.); (S.L.M.)
| | - Yen Pham
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia; (M.J.S.); (T.P.); (Y.P.); (A.E.S.); (G.J.); (M.C.F.); (S.L.M.)
| | - Amy E. Sutherland
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia; (M.J.S.); (T.P.); (Y.P.); (A.E.S.); (G.J.); (M.C.F.); (S.L.M.)
| | - Graham Jenkin
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia; (M.J.S.); (T.P.); (Y.P.); (A.E.S.); (G.J.); (M.C.F.); (S.L.M.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Michael C. Fahey
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia; (M.J.S.); (T.P.); (Y.P.); (A.E.S.); (G.J.); (M.C.F.); (S.L.M.)
- Department of Paediatrics, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Madison C. B. Paton
- Cerebral Palsy Alliance Research Institute, Speciality of Child and Adolescent Health, Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia; (M.C.B.P.); (M.F.-E.)
| | - Megan Finch-Edmondson
- Cerebral Palsy Alliance Research Institute, Speciality of Child and Adolescent Health, Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia; (M.C.B.P.); (M.F.-E.)
| | - Suzanne L. Miller
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia; (M.J.S.); (T.P.); (Y.P.); (A.E.S.); (G.J.); (M.C.F.); (S.L.M.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Courtney A. McDonald
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia; (M.J.S.); (T.P.); (Y.P.); (A.E.S.); (G.J.); (M.C.F.); (S.L.M.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
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3
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Green EA, Garrick SP, Peterson B, Berger PJ, Galinsky R, Hunt RW, Cho SX, Bourke JE, Nold MF, Nold-Petry CA. The Role of the Interleukin-1 Family in Complications of Prematurity. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:2795. [PMID: 36769133 PMCID: PMC9918069 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Preterm birth is a major contributor to neonatal morbidity and mortality. Complications of prematurity such as bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD, affecting the lung), pulmonary hypertension associated with BPD (BPD-PH, heart), white matter injury (WMI, brain), retinopathy of prematurity (ROP, eyes), necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC, gut) and sepsis are among the major causes of long-term morbidity in infants born prematurely. Though the origins are multifactorial, inflammation and in particular the imbalance of pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators is now recognized as a key driver of the pathophysiology underlying these illnesses. Here, we review the involvement of the interleukin (IL)-1 family in perinatal inflammation and its clinical implications, with a focus on the potential of these cytokines as therapeutic targets for the development of safe and effective treatments for early life inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elys A. Green
- Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC 3168, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3168, Australia
- Monash Newborn, Monash Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Steven P. Garrick
- Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC 3168, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Briana Peterson
- Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC 3168, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Philip J. Berger
- Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC 3168, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Robert Galinsky
- Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC 3168, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Rod W. Hunt
- Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC 3168, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3168, Australia
- Monash Newborn, Monash Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Steven X. Cho
- Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC 3168, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Jane E. Bourke
- Department of Pharmacology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Marcel F. Nold
- Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC 3168, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3168, Australia
- Monash Newborn, Monash Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Claudia A. Nold-Petry
- Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC 3168, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3168, Australia
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4
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Lu J, Martin CR, Claud EC. Neurodevelopmental outcome of infants who develop necrotizing enterocolitis: The gut-brain axis. Semin Perinatol 2023; 47:151694. [PMID: 36572620 PMCID: PMC9974904 DOI: 10.1016/j.semperi.2022.151694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) poses a significant risk for neurodevelopmental impairment in extremely preterm infants. The gut microbiota shapes the development of the gut, immune system, and the brain; and dysbiosis drive neonatal morbidities including NEC. In this chapter, we delineate a gut-brain axis linking gut microbiota to the adverse neurological outcomes in NEC patients. We propose that in NEC, immaturity of the microbiome along with aberrant gut microbiota-driven immaturity of the gut barrier and immune system can lead to effects including systemic inflammation and circulating microbial mediators. This nexus of gut microbiota-driven systemic effects further interacts with a likewise underdeveloped blood-brain barrier to regulate neuroinflammation and neurodevelopment. Targeting deviant gut-brain axis signaling presents an opportunity to improve the neurodevelopmental outcomes of NEC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Lu
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Biological Sciences, University of Chicago, Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Camilia R Martin
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York 10021, United States
| | - Erika C Claud
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Biological Sciences, University of Chicago, Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States.
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5
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Dubey H, Sharma RK, Krishnan S, Knickmeyer R. SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) as a possible risk factor for neurodevelopmental disorders. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:1021721. [PMID: 36590303 PMCID: PMC9800937 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.1021721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Pregnant women constitute one of the most vulnerable populations to be affected by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, the cause of coronavirus disease 2019. SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy could negatively impact fetal brain development via multiple mechanisms. Accumulating evidence indicates that mother to fetus transmission of SARS-CoV-2 does occur, albeit rarely. When it does occur, there is a potential for neuroinvasion via immune cells, retrograde axonal transport, and olfactory bulb and lymphatic pathways. In the absence of maternal to fetal transmission, there is still the potential for negative neurodevelopmental outcomes as a consequence of disrupted placental development and function leading to preeclampsia, preterm birth, and intrauterine growth restriction. In addition, maternal immune activation may lead to hypomyelination, microglial activation, white matter damage, and reduced neurogenesis in the developing fetus. Moreover, maternal immune activation can disrupt the maternal or fetal hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis leading to altered neurodevelopment. Finally, pro-inflammatory cytokines can potentially alter epigenetic processes within the developing brain. In this review, we address each of these potential mechanisms. We propose that SARS-CoV-2 could lead to neurodevelopmental disorders in a subset of pregnant women and that long-term studies are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harikesh Dubey
- Division of Neuroengineering, Institute for Quantitative Health Sciences and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Ravindra K. Sharma
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Suraj Krishnan
- Jacobi Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, The Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Rebecca Knickmeyer
- Division of Neuroengineering, Institute for Quantitative Health Sciences and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States,Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States,*Correspondence: Rebecca Knickmeyer,
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6
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Sammer G, Neumann E, Blecker C, Pedraz-Petrozzi B. Fractional anisotropy and peripheral cytokine concentrations in outpatients with depressive episode: a diffusion tensor imaging observational study. Sci Rep 2022; 12:17450. [PMID: 36261698 PMCID: PMC9582033 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-22437-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past few years, evidence of a positive relationship between inflammation and depression has grown steadily. The aim of the current study was to investigate whether such depression-related inflammation could also be associated with altered microstructural changes in the white matter. FA and serum cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-γ) were measured in 25 patients with depression (DE) and 24 healthy controls (HC). Diffusion tensor imaging was performed. Fractional anisotropy (FA) was calculated using the FSL pipeline for Tract-Based Spatial Statistics (TBSS). Both voxelwise and mean whole-brain FA were analyzed using general linear models (GLM). Higher concentrations of IL-1β were associated with lower whole-brain fractional anisotropy, particularly in people with depression (ρ = - 0.67; p < 0.001). TNF-α shared some variance with IL-1β and also showed a negative relationship between TNF-α concentrations and FA in depression (F1,46 = 11.13, p = 0.002, η2p = 0.21). In detail, the voxelwise analysis showed that the regression slopes of IL-1β on FA were more negative in the DE group than in the HC group, mainly in the corpus callosum (cluster statistics: genu corpus callosum, p = 0.022; splenium of corpus callosum, p = 0.047). Similar effects were not found for the other remaining cytokines. This study clearly demonstrated an association between peripherally measured IL-1β and white matter integrity in depression as assessed by DTI. The results suggest that microstructural changes in the corpus callosum are associated with increased peripheral IL-1β concentrations in depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gebhard Sammer
- grid.8664.c0000 0001 2165 8627Psychiatry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Klinikstrasse 36, 35392 Giessen, Hessen Germany ,grid.8664.c0000 0001 2165 8627Faculty of Psychology and Sports Science, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Hessen Germany ,grid.8664.c0000 0001 2165 8627Bender Institute of Neuroimaging (BION), Faculty of Psychology and Sports Science, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Hessen Germany
| | - Elena Neumann
- grid.8664.c0000 0001 2165 8627Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, Campus Kerckhoff, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Hessen Germany
| | - Carlo Blecker
- grid.8664.c0000 0001 2165 8627Faculty of Psychology and Sports Science, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Hessen Germany ,grid.8664.c0000 0001 2165 8627Bender Institute of Neuroimaging (BION), Faculty of Psychology and Sports Science, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Hessen Germany
| | - Bruno Pedraz-Petrozzi
- grid.413757.30000 0004 0477 2235Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim, Germany
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7
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He E, Liu M, Gong S, Fu X, Han Y, Deng F. White Matter Alterations in Depressive Disorder. Front Immunol 2022; 13:826812. [PMID: 35634314 PMCID: PMC9133348 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.826812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Depressive disorder is the most prevalent affective disorder today. Depressive disorder has been linked to changes in the white matter. White matter changes in depressive disorder could be a result of impaired cerebral blood flow (CBF) and CBF self-regulation, impaired blood-brain barrier function, inflammatory factors, genes and environmental factors. Additionally, white matter changes in patients with depression are associated with clinical variables such as differential diagnosis, severity, treatment effect, and efficacy assessment. This review discusses the characteristics, possible mechanisms, clinical relevance, and potential treatment of white matter alterations caused by depressive disorders.
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8
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Ammar RA, Mohamed AF, Kamal MM, Safar MM, Abdelkader NF. Neuroprotective effect of liraglutide in an experimental mouse model of multiple sclerosis: role of AMPK/SIRT1 signaling and NLRP3 inflammasome. Inflammopharmacology 2022; 30:919-934. [PMID: 35364735 PMCID: PMC9135867 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-022-00956-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The heterogeneous nature of multiple sclerosis (MS) and the unavailability of treatments addressing its intricate network and reversing the disease state is yet an area that needs to be elucidated. Liraglutide, a glucagon-like peptide-1 analogue, recently exhibited intriguing potential neuroprotective effects. The currents study investigated its potential effect against mouse model of MS and the possible underlying mechanisms. Demyelination was induced in C57Bl/6 mice by cuprizone (400 mg/kg/day p.o.) for 5 weeks. Animals received either liraglutide (25 nmol/kg/day i.p.) or dorsomorphin, an AMPK inhibitor, (2.5 mg/Kg i.p.) 30 min before the liraglutide dose, for 4 weeks (starting from the second week). Liraglutide improved the behavioral profile in cuprizone-treated mice. Furthermore, it induced the re-myelination process through stimulating oligodendrocyte progenitor cells differentiation via Olig2 transcription activation, reflected by increased myelin basic protein and myelinated nerve fiber percentage. Liraglutide elevated the protein content of p-AMPK and SIRT1, in addition to the autophagy proteins Beclin-1 and LC3B. Liraglutide halted cellular damage as manifested by reduced HMGB1 protein and consequently TLR-4 downregulation, coupled with a decrease in NF-κB. Liraglutide also suppressed NLRP3 transcription. Dorsomorphin pre-administration indicated a possible interplay between AMPK/SIRT1 and NLRP3 inflammasome activation as it partially reversed liraglutide’s effects. Immunohistochemical examination of Iba+ microglia emphasized these findings. In conclusion, liraglutide exerts neuroprotection against cuprizone-induced demyelination via anti-inflammatory, autophagic flux activation, NLRP3 inflammasome suppression, and anti-apoptotic mechanisms, possibly mediated, at least in part, via AMPK/SIRT1, autophagy, TLR-4/ NF-κB/NLRP3 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reham A Ammar
- Department of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed F Mohamed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini St., Cairo, 11562, Egypt
| | - Mohamed M Kamal
- Department of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Marwa M Safar
- Department of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt, Cairo, Egypt.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini St., Cairo, 11562, Egypt
| | - Noha F Abdelkader
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini St., Cairo, 11562, Egypt.
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9
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Cuenod M, Steullet P, Cabungcal JH, Dwir D, Khadimallah I, Klauser P, Conus P, Do KQ. Caught in vicious circles: a perspective on dynamic feed-forward loops driving oxidative stress in schizophrenia. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:1886-1897. [PMID: 34759358 PMCID: PMC9126811 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-021-01374-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A growing body of evidence has emerged demonstrating a pathological link between oxidative stress and schizophrenia. This evidence identifies oxidative stress as a convergence point or "central hub" for schizophrenia genetic and environmental risk factors. Here we review the existing experimental and translational research pinpointing the complex dynamics of oxidative stress mechanisms and their modulation in relation to schizophrenia pathophysiology. We focus on evidence supporting the crucial role of either redox dysregulation, N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor hypofunction, neuroinflammation or mitochondria bioenergetics dysfunction, initiating "vicious circles" centered on oxidative stress during neurodevelopment. These processes would amplify one another in positive feed-forward loops, leading to persistent impairments of the maturation and function of local parvalbumin-GABAergic neurons microcircuits and myelinated fibers of long-range macrocircuitry. This is at the basis of neural circuit synchronization impairments and cognitive, emotional, social and sensory deficits characteristic of schizophrenia. Potential therapeutic approaches that aim at breaking these different vicious circles represent promising strategies for timely and safe interventions. In order to improve early detection and increase the signal-to-noise ratio for adjunctive trials of antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and NMDAR modulator drugs, a reverse translation of validated circuitry approach is needed. The above presented processes allow to identify mechanism based biomarkers guiding stratification of homogenous patients groups and target engagement required for successful clinical trials, paving the way towards precision medicine in psychiatry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel Cuenod
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Prilly, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Pascal Steullet
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Prilly, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jan-Harry Cabungcal
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Prilly, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Daniella Dwir
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Prilly, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ines Khadimallah
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Prilly, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Paul Klauser
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Prilly, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Service of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital, Prilly, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Philippe Conus
- Service of General Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital, Prilly, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Kim Q Do
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Prilly, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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10
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Furuta A, Brokaw A, Manuel G, Dacanay M, Marcell L, Seepersaud R, Rajagopal L, Adams Waldorf K. Bacterial and Host Determinants of Group B Streptococcal Infection of the Neonate and Infant. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:820365. [PMID: 35265059 PMCID: PMC8899651 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.820365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Group B streptococci (GBS) are Gram-positive β-hemolytic bacteria that can cause serious and life-threatening infections in neonates manifesting as sepsis, pneumonia, meningitis, osteomyelitis, and/or septic arthritis. Invasive GBS infections in neonates in the first week of life are referred to as early-onset disease (EOD) and thought to be acquired by the fetus through exposure to GBS in utero or to vaginal fluids during birth. Late-onset disease (LOD) refers to invasive GBS infections between 7 and 89 days of life. LOD transmission routes are incompletely understood, but may include breast milk, household contacts, nosocomial, or community sources. Invasive GBS infections and particularly meningitis may result in significant neurodevelopmental injury and long-term disability that persists into childhood and adulthood. Globally, EOD and LOD occur in more than 300,000 neonates and infants annually, resulting in 90,000 infant deaths and leaving more than 10,000 infants with a lifelong disability. In this review, we discuss the clinical impact of invasive GBS neonatal infections and then summarize virulence and host factors that allow the bacteria to exploit the developing neonatal immune system and target organs. Specifically, we consider the mechanisms known to enable GBS invasion into the neonatal lung, blood vessels and brain. Understanding mechanisms of GBS invasion and pathogenesis relevant to infections in the neonate and infant may inform the development of therapeutics to prevent or mitigate injury, as well as improve risk stratification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Furuta
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States.,Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Alyssa Brokaw
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States.,Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Gygeria Manuel
- Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Matthew Dacanay
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Lauren Marcell
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Ravin Seepersaud
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Lakshmi Rajagopal
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States.,Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Kristina Adams Waldorf
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States.,Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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11
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Downregulation of phosphoglycerate mutase 5 improves microglial inflammasome activation after traumatic brain injury. Cell Death Discov 2021; 7:290. [PMID: 34642327 PMCID: PMC8511105 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-021-00686-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is considered as the most common cause of disability and death, and therefore an effective intervention of cascade pathology of secondary brain injury promptly can be a potential therapeutic direction for TBI prognosis. Further study of the physiological mechanism of TBI is urgent and important. Phosphoglycerate mutase 5 (Pgam5), a mitochondrial protein, mediate mitochondrial homeostasis, cellular senescence, and necroptosis. This study evaluated the effects of Pgam5 on neurological deficits and neuroinflammation of controlled cortical impact-induced TBI mouse model in vivo and LPS + ATP-induced microglia model in vitro. Pgam5 was overexpressed post-TBI. Pgam5 depletion reduced pyroptosis-related molecules and improved microglia activation, neuron damage, tissue lesion, and neurological dysfunctions in TBI mice. RNA-seq analysis and molecular biology experiments demonstrated that Pgam5 might regulate inflammatory responses by affecting the post-translational modification and protein expression of related genes, including Nlrp3, caspase1, Gsdmd, and Il-1β. In microglia, Pgam5-sh abrogated LPS + ATP-induced Il-1β secretion through Asc oligomerization-mediated caspase-1 activation, which was independent of Rip3. The data demonstrate the critical role Pgam5 plays in nerve injury in the progression of TBI, which regulates Asc polymerization and subsequently caspase1 activation, and thus reveals a fundamental mechanism linking microglial inflammasome activation to Asc/caspase1-generated Il-1β-mediated neuroinflammation. Thus, our data indicate Pgam5 worsens physiological and neurological outcomes post-TBI, which may be a potential therapeutic target to improve neuroinflammation after TBI.
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12
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Prasad JD, Gunn KC, Davidson JO, Galinsky R, Graham SE, Berry MJ, Bennet L, Gunn AJ, Dean JM. Anti-Inflammatory Therapies for Treatment of Inflammation-Related Preterm Brain Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:4008. [PMID: 33924540 PMCID: PMC8069827 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22084008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the prevalence of preterm brain injury, there are no established neuroprotective strategies to prevent or alleviate mild-to-moderate inflammation-related brain injury. Perinatal infection and inflammation have been shown to trigger acute neuroinflammation, including proinflammatory cytokine release and gliosis, which are associated with acute and chronic disturbances in brain cell survival and maturation. These findings suggest the hypothesis that the inhibition of peripheral immune responses following infection or nonspecific inflammation may be a therapeutic strategy to reduce the associated brain injury and neurobehavioral deficits. This review provides an overview of the neonatal immunity, neuroinflammation, and mechanisms of inflammation-related brain injury in preterm infants and explores the safety and efficacy of anti-inflammatory agents as potentially neurotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaya D. Prasad
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, 85 Park Road, Grafton, Auckland 1010, New Zealand; (J.D.P.); (K.C.G.); (J.O.D.); (L.B.); (A.J.G.)
| | - Katherine C. Gunn
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, 85 Park Road, Grafton, Auckland 1010, New Zealand; (J.D.P.); (K.C.G.); (J.O.D.); (L.B.); (A.J.G.)
| | - Joanne O. Davidson
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, 85 Park Road, Grafton, Auckland 1010, New Zealand; (J.D.P.); (K.C.G.); (J.O.D.); (L.B.); (A.J.G.)
| | - Robert Galinsky
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia;
| | - Scott E. Graham
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand;
| | - Mary J. Berry
- Department of Pediatrics and Health Care, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand;
| | - Laura Bennet
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, 85 Park Road, Grafton, Auckland 1010, New Zealand; (J.D.P.); (K.C.G.); (J.O.D.); (L.B.); (A.J.G.)
| | - Alistair J. Gunn
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, 85 Park Road, Grafton, Auckland 1010, New Zealand; (J.D.P.); (K.C.G.); (J.O.D.); (L.B.); (A.J.G.)
| | - Justin M. Dean
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, 85 Park Road, Grafton, Auckland 1010, New Zealand; (J.D.P.); (K.C.G.); (J.O.D.); (L.B.); (A.J.G.)
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13
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Yang F, Li Y, Sheng X, Liu Y. Paeoniflorin treatment regulates TLR4/NF-κB signaling, reduces cerebral oxidative stress and improves white matter integrity in neonatal hypoxic brain injury. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2021; 25:97-109. [PMID: 33602880 PMCID: PMC7893490 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2021.25.2.97] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Neonatal hypoxia/ischemia (H/I), injures white matter, results in neuronal loss, disturbs myelin formation, and neural network development. Neuroinflammation and oxidative stress have been reported in neonatal hypoxic brain injuries. We investigated whether Paeoniflorin treatment reduced H/I-induced inflammation and oxidative stress and improved white matter integrity in a neonatal rodent model. Seven-day old Sprague–Dawley pups were exposed to H/I. Paeoniflorin (6.25, 12.5, or 25 mg/kg body weight) was administered every day via oral gavage from postpartum day 3 (P3) to P14, and an hour before induction of H/I. Pups were sacrificed 24 h (P8) and 72 h (P10) following H/I. Paeoniflorin reduced the apoptosis of neurons and attenuated cerebral infarct volume. Elevated expression of cleaved caspase-3 and Bad were regulated. Paeoniflorin decreased oxidative stress by lowering levels of malondialdehyde and reactive oxygen species generation and while, and it enhanced glutathione content. Microglial activation and the TLR4/NF-κB signaling were significantly down-regulated. The degree of inflammatory mediators (interleukin 1β and tumor necrosis factor-α) were reduced. Paeoniflorin markedly prevented white matter injury via improving expression of myelin binding protein and increasing O1-positive olidgodendrocyte and O4-positive oligodendrocyte counts. The present investigation demonstrates the potent protective efficiency of paeoniflorin supplementation against H/I-induced brain injury by effectually preventing neuronal loss, microglial activation, and white matter injury via reducing oxidative stress and inflammatory pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yang
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650032, Yunnan, China
| | - Ya Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650032, Yunnan, China.,Yunnan Institute of Laboratory Diagnosis, Kunming 650032, Yunnan, China.,Yunnan Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Kunming 650032, Yunnan, China
| | - Xun Sheng
- School of Stomatology, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650032, Yunnan, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650032, Yunnan, China
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14
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Bao Z, Wang X, Li Y, Feng F. Vitamin D Alleviates Cognitive Dysfunction by Activating the VDR/ERK1/2 Signaling Pathway in an Alzheimer's Disease Mouse Model. Neuroimmunomodulation 2021; 27:178-185. [PMID: 33601398 DOI: 10.1159/000510400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Vitamin D (Vit D), a steroid hormone, has been linked to cognitive impairment and dementia, such as Alz-heimer's disease (AD). 1, 25(OH)2D3 is the biologically active form of Vit D, which has been shown to have neuroprotective effects. This compound is being evaluated as an emerging therapeutic treatment in models of AD. MATERIAL AND METHODS The present study was designed to investigate whether Vit D could alleviate cognitive impairment in an AD rat model by regulating the VDR/ERK1/2 signaling pathway. Adult male APPswe/PS1ΔE9 rats (n = 40) were randomly divided into 2 groups: the AD group and the Vit D + AD group (20 mice per group), and 40 C57BL/6J age-matched mice were separated into the control (CON) group and the Vit D + CON group (20 mice per group). The Morris water maze and object recognition tests were used to evaluate learning and memory functions of the mice. Hematoxylin and eosin staining was used to evaluate morphological changes in hippocampal neurons. Western blotting was used to evaluate the proteins responsible for these changes. RESULTS We found that Vit D improved learning and memory abilities and morphological defects in hippocampal neurons. Vit D decreased the gene expression of caspase-3 and Bax and increased the expression of Bcl-2. Vit D also increased the protein expression of VDR and p-ERK1 protein in AD mice. CONCLUSION This study provides new clues about the mechanism by which Vit D exerts neuroprotective effects in an AD mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Bao
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
- Child Health Division, Tongzhou Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Xue Wang
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Yuhong Li
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Fumin Feng
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China,
- College of Life Science, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China,
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15
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Zmora O, Gutzeit O, Segal L, Boulos S, Millo Z, Ginsberg Y, Khatib N, Fainaru O, Ross MG, Weiner Z, Beloosesky R. Maternal N-acetyl-cysteine prevents neonatal brain injury associated with necrotizing enterocolitis in a rat model. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2021; 100:979-987. [PMID: 33247942 DOI: 10.1111/aogs.14054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Preterm infants with necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) are at increased risk of cerebral injury and neurodevelopmental dysfunction. N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC) is a known anti-inflammatory and antioxidant agent. Currently, there is no prophylactic treatment in clinical use to prevent NEC and its neurodevelopmental sequelae. We sought to determine whether brain inflammation/apoptosis accompanies NEC systemic inflammation, and whether it can be attenuated by maternal NAC treatment during pregnancy and/or in the neonatal period in a rat model. MATERIAL AND METHODS An established NEC newborn model (hypoxia 5% O2 for 10 min and formula feeding thrice daily, beginning on day 1 for 4 days) was used in Sprague-Dawley rat pups (n = 32). An additional group of pups (n = 33) received NAC (300 mg/kg intraperitoneal thrice daily) in addition to NEC conditions (NEC-NAC). Control pups (n = 33) were nursed and remained with the dam in room air. Two additional groups included pups of dams treated once daily with NAC (300 mg/kg intravenous) in the last 3 days of pregnancy. After birth, pups were randomized into NAC-NEC (n = 33) with NEC conditions and NAC-NEC-NAC (n = 36) with additional postnatal NAC treatment. Pups were sacrificed on the fifth day of life. Pup serum interleukin (IL)-6 protein levels, and brain nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) p65, neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), Caspase 3, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), IL-6 and IL-1β protein levels were determined by ELISA, western blot and TUNEL staining, and the groups were compared using analysis of variance (ANOVA). RESULTS NEC pups had significantly increased serum IL-6 levels compared with the control group as well as increased neuronal apoptosis and brain protein levels of NF-κB, nNOS, Caspase 3, TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β compared with control. In all NAC treatment groups, levels of serum IL-6, neuronal apoptosis and brain NF-κB, nNOS, Caspase 3, TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β protein levels were significantly reduced compared with the NEC group. The most pronounced decrease was demonstrated within the NAC-NEC-NAC group. CONCLUSIONS NAC treatment can attenuate newborn inflammatory response syndrome and decrease offspring brain neuroapoptosis and inflammation in a rat model of NEC by inhibition of NF-κB, nNOS and Caspase 3 pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osnat Zmora
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Shamir Medical Center, Zerifin, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ola Gutzeit
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Ruth, and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion- Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Linoy Segal
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Ruth, and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion- Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Sari Boulos
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Ruth, and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion- Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Zvika Millo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Ruth, and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion- Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Yuval Ginsberg
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Ruth, and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion- Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Nizar Khatib
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Ruth, and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion- Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Ofer Fainaru
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Ruth, and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion- Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Michael G Ross
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center and Los Angeles Biomedical Institute, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Zeev Weiner
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Shamir Medical Center, Zerifin, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ron Beloosesky
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Ruth, and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion- Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
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16
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Ginsberg Y, Gutzeit O, Hadad S, Divon MY, Khatib N, Fainaru O, Weiner Z, Beloosesky R. Maternal Progesterone Treatment Reduces Maternal Inflammation-Induced Fetal Brain Injury in a Mouse Model of Preterm Birth. Reprod Sci 2021; 28:166-176. [PMID: 32833191 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-020-00272-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Maternal natural vaginal progesterone (nVP) administration has been shown to reduce the risk of preterm birth (PTB). The largest randomized trial of nVP for PTB (OPPTIMUM) noted a sonographic reduction in neonatal brain injury following nVP treatment. We investigated the neuroinflammatory protective effect of maternal nVP in a mouse model for maternal inflammation. Pregnant mice (n = 24) were randomized to nVP (1 mg/day) or vehicle from days 13-16 of gestation. At days 15 and 16, lipopolysaccharide (30 μg) or saline were administered. Mice were sacrificed 4 h following the last injection. Fetal brains and placentas were collected. Levels of NF-κB, nNOS, IL-6, and TNFα were determined by Western blot. Maternal lipopolysaccharide significantly increased fetal brain levels of IL-6 (0.33 ± 0.02 vs. 0.11 ± 0.01 u), TNFα (0.3 ± 0.02 vs. 0.10 ± 0.01 u), NF-κB (0.32 ± 0.01 vs. 0.17 ± 0.01 u), and nNOS (0.24 ± 0.04 vs. 0.08 ± 0.01 u), and reduced the total glutathione levels (0.014 ± 0.001 vs. 0.026 ± 0.001 pmol/μl; p < 0.01) compared with control. Maternal nVP significantly reduced fetal brain levels of IL-6 (0.14 ± 0.01 vs. 0.33 ± 0.02 u), TNFα (0.2 ± 0.06 vs. 0.3 ± 0.02 u), NF-κB (0.16 ± 0.01 vs 0.32 ± 0.01 u), and nNOS (0.14 ± 0.01 vs 0.24 ± 0.04 u), and prevented the reduction of fetal brain total glutathione levels (0.022 ± 0.001 vs. 0.014 ± 0.001 pmol/μl; p < 0.01) to levels similar to controls. A similar pattern was demonstrated in the placenta. Maternal nVP for PTB may protect the fetal brain from inflammation-induced brain injury by inhibiting specific inflammatory and oxidative pathways in both brain and placenta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuval Ginsberg
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology,Rambam Health Care Campus, 8 Ha'alya St., 38302, Haifa, Israel.
| | - Ola Gutzeit
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology,Rambam Health Care Campus, 8 Ha'alya St., 38302, Haifa, Israel
| | - Salim Hadad
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology,Rambam Health Care Campus, 8 Ha'alya St., 38302, Haifa, Israel
| | - Michael Y Divon
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Lenox Hill Hospital, Northwell Health, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Nizar Khatib
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology,Rambam Health Care Campus, 8 Ha'alya St., 38302, Haifa, Israel
| | - Ofer Fainaru
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology,Rambam Health Care Campus, 8 Ha'alya St., 38302, Haifa, Israel
| | - Zeev Weiner
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology,Rambam Health Care Campus, 8 Ha'alya St., 38302, Haifa, Israel
| | - Ron Beloosesky
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology,Rambam Health Care Campus, 8 Ha'alya St., 38302, Haifa, Israel
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Jung S, Ballheimer YE, Brackmann F, Zoglauer D, Geppert CI, Hartmann A, Trollmann R. Seizure-induced neuronal apoptosis is related to dysregulation of the RNA-edited GluR2 subunit in the developing mouse brain. Brain Res 2020; 1735:146760. [PMID: 32142720 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2020.146760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Ca2+-permeable AMPA receptors (AMPAR) which crucially modify maturational programs of the developing brain are involved in seizure-induced glutamate excitotoxicity and apoptosis. Regulatory effects on AMPAR subunit composition and RNA-editing in the developing brain and their significance as therapeutic targets are not well understood. Here, we analyzed acute effects of recurrent pilocarpine-induced neonatal seizures on age- and region-specific expression of AMPAR subunits and adenosine deaminases (ADAR) in the developing mouse brain (P10). After recurrent seizure activity and regeneration periods of 6-72 h cerebral mRNA levels of GluR (glutamate receptor subunit) 1, GluR2, GluR3, and GluR4 were unaffected compared to controls. However, ratio of GluR2 and GluR4 to pooled GluR1-4 mRNA concentration significantly decreased in seizure-exposed brains in comparison to controls. After a regeneration period of 24-72 h ADAR1 and ADAR2 mRNA expression was significantly lower in seizure-exposed brains than in those of controls. This was confirmed at the protein level in the hippocampal CA3 region. We observed a regionally increased apoptosis (TUNEL+ and CC3+ cells) in the hippocampus, parietal cortex and subventricular zone of seizure-exposed brains in comparison to controls. Together, present in vivo data demonstrate the maturational age-specific, functional role of RNA-edited GluR2 in seizure-induced excitotoxicity in the developing mouse brain. In response to recurrent seizure activity, we observed reduced expression of GluR2 and the GluR2 mRNA-editing enzymes ADAR1 and ADAR2 accompanied by increased apoptosis in a region-specific manner. Thus, AMPA receptor subtype-specific mRNA editing is assessed as a promising target of novel neuroprotective treatment strategies in consideration of age-related developmental mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Jung
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neuropediatrics, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Yili E Ballheimer
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neuropediatrics, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Florian Brackmann
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neuropediatrics, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Daniel Zoglauer
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neuropediatrics, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Carol-Immanuel Geppert
- Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Arndt Hartmann
- Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Regina Trollmann
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neuropediatrics, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.
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18
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Obuchowicz E, Bielecka-Wajdman A, Zieliński M, Machnik G, Gołyszny M, Ludyga T. Imipramine and Venlafaxine Differentially Affect Primary Glial Cultures of Prenatally Stressed Rats. Front Pharmacol 2020; 10:1687. [PMID: 32076407 PMCID: PMC7006619 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we examine the effects of prenatal administration of two antidepressants—imipramine (IMI) and venlafaxine (VEN)—on morphology and activity of a primary glial culture. Microglia are targeted by antidepressants used for antenatal depression and are important regulators of central nervous system development. In this study, female Wistar rats were assigned to one of four groups: a control group that received water ad libitum (1), and groups that received additionally once daily either water (2), IMI (10 mg/kg) (3), or VEN (20 mg/kg) (4) by oral gavage from gestation day 7 to 22. Oral gavage administration induced prenatal stress. Cell cultures were obtained from the brains of 1-day-old pups. Prenatal stress caused a disturbance of sensorimotor function in pups. Prenatal stress also produced alterations in the glial cultures, specifically, an increased percentage of microglia in the mixed glial cultures and an increased percentage of dead cells. Moreover, increased levels of IL1-β, TNF-α, NO, and an increased expression of CX3CR1 mRNA were found in microglia. However, the ratio of Bax/Bcl2 mRNA was reduced. Prenatal stress increased the vulnerability of microglia to lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The mixed glial culture derived from pups exposed to IMI showed greater morphological changes and the highest percentage of microglia. Microglia were characterized by the largest increase in the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and NO, and the greatest reduction in the expression of CX3CR1 mRNA. Exposure to IMI reduced the effects of LPS on IL-1β production and Bax/Bcl2 mRNA, and exacerbated the effects of LPS on CX3CR1 mRNA expression. Prenatal administration of VEN induced protective effects on microglia, as measured by all studied parameters. Taken together, our data suggest that, by disturbing microglia function, exposure to even mild forms of chronic prenatal stress may predispose individuals to psychiatric or neurodevelopmental disorders. These data also indicate that chronic mild stress sensitizes microglia to immune challenges, which may lead to enhanced neuronal damage in the embryonic brain. The observed detrimental effects of IMI on microglial activity under conditions of prenatal stress may help to explain the teratogenic effects of IMI reported in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Obuchowicz
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
| | - Anna Bielecka-Wajdman
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
| | - Michał Zieliński
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Machnik
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
| | - Miłosz Gołyszny
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
| | - Tomasz Ludyga
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
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19
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Truttmann AC, Ginet V, Puyal J. Current Evidence on Cell Death in Preterm Brain Injury in Human and Preclinical Models. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:27. [PMID: 32133356 PMCID: PMC7039819 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite tremendous advances in neonatal intensive care over the past 20 years, prematurity carries a high burden of neurological morbidity lasting lifelong. The term encephalopathy of prematurity (EoP) coined by Volpe in 2009 encompasses all aspects of the now known effects of prematurity on the immature brain, including altered and disturbed development as well as specific lesional hallmarks. Understanding the way cells are damaged is crucial to design brain protective strategies, and in this purpose, preclinical models largely contribute to improve the comprehension of the cell death mechanisms. While neuronal cell death has been deeply investigated and characterized in (hypoxic–ischemic) encephalopathy of the newborn at term, little is known about the types of cell death occurring in preterm brain injury. Three main different morphological cell death types are observed in the immature brain, specifically in models of hypoxic–ischemic encephalopathy, namely, necrotic, apoptotic, and autophagic cell death. Features of all three types may be present in the same dying neuron. In preterm brain injury, description of cell death types is sparse, and cell loss primarily concerns immature oligodendrocytes and, infrequently, neurons. In the present review, we first shortly discuss the different main severe preterm brain injury conditions that have been reported to involve cell death, including periventricular leucomalacia (PVL), diffuse white matter injury (dWMI), and intraventricular hemorrhages, as well as potentially harmful iatrogenic conditions linked to premature birth (anesthesia and caffeine therapy). Then, we present an overview of current evidence concerning cell death in both clinical human tissue data and preclinical models by focusing on studies investigating the presence of cell death allowing discriminating between the types of cell death involved. We conclude that, to improve brain protective strategies, not only apoptosis but also other cell death (such as regulated necrotic and autophagic) pathways now need to be investigated together in order to consider all cell death mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of preterm brain damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita C Truttmann
- Clinic of Neonatology, Department of Women, Mother and Child, University Hospital Center of Vaud, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Vanessa Ginet
- Clinic of Neonatology, Department of Women, Mother and Child, University Hospital Center of Vaud, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Julien Puyal
- Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,CURML, University Center of Legal Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Pre- and Neonatal Exposure to Lead (Pb) Induces Neuroinflammation in the Forebrain Cortex, Hippocampus and Cerebellum of Rat Pups. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21031083. [PMID: 32041252 PMCID: PMC7037720 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21031083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Lead (Pb) is a heavy metal with a proven neurotoxic effect. Exposure is particularly dangerous to the developing brain in the pre- and neonatal periods. One postulated mechanism of its neurotoxicity is induction of inflammation. This study analyzed the effect of exposure of rat pups to Pb during periods of brain development on the concentrations of selected cytokines and prostanoids in the forebrain cortex, hippocampus and cerebellum. Methods: Administration of 0.1% lead acetate (PbAc) in drinking water ad libitum, from the first day of gestation to postnatal day 21, resulted in blood Pb in rat pups reaching levels below the threshold considered safe for humans by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (10 µg/dL). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method was used to determine the levels of interleukins IL-1β, IL-6, transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and thromboxane B2 (TXB2). Western blot and quantitative real-time PCR were used to determine the expression levels of cyclooxygenases COX-1 and COX-2. Finally, Western blot was used to determine the level of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB). Results: In all studied brain structures (forebrain cortex, hippocampus and cerebellum), the administration of Pb caused a significant increase in all studied cytokines and prostanoids (IL-1β, IL-6, TGF-β, PGE2 and TXB2). The protein and mRNA expression of COX-1 and COX-2 increased in all studied brain structures, as did NF-κB expression. Conclusions: Chronic pre- and neonatal exposure to Pb induces neuroinflammation in the forebrain cortex, hippocampus and cerebellum of rat pups.
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Imai K, Kotani T, Tsuda H, Kobayashi T, Ushida T, Moriyama Y, Kikkawa F. Determination of the cytokine levels in fetal pleural effusion and their association with fetal/neonatal findings. Cytokine 2019; 127:154945. [PMID: 31805478 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2019.154945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Few studies have investigated the distribution of multiple cytokines in fetal pleural effusion, and its clinical implications are uncertain. This study aimed to determine cytokine levels in fetal pleural effusion and their clinical role in affected fetuses. METHODS We obtained fetal pleural fluid samples from 18 infants and investigated the profiles of 40 cytokines using multiplex immunoassay. Relationships among cytokines were estimated by Spearman correlation analysis. Possible associations of cytokine levels with fetal adverse outcomes, including perinatal demise and neurodevelopmental impairment, were studied using univariate logistic regression analysis. RESULTS Several pro-inflammatory cytokines and CCL chemokines were highly correlated with each other. In contrast, CXCL chemokines had relatively weak correlations with other cytokines. The levels of IL-1β, IL-2, and CCL20 were significantly associated with the occurrence of fetal adverse outcomes. Based on our findings, IL-1β had the strongest causal link to adverse outcomes among the cytokines [odds ratio (OR): 19.74; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.14-341.9; p = 0.040]. CONCLUSIONS Cytokine levels in fetal pleural effusion varied considerably among cases with or without adverse outcomes. These results provide important information for further clarifying the pathophysiology of fetal pleural effusion and a novel clinical implication that could predict the occurrence of adverse outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Imai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.
| | - Tomomi Kotani
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tsuda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Japanese Red Cross Nagoya Daiichi Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tomoko Kobayashi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takafumi Ushida
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Moriyama
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Fumitaka Kikkawa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
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Brodowski L, Büter W, Kohls F, Hillemanns P, von Kaisenberg C, Dammann O. Maternal Overweight, Inflammation and Neurological Consequences for the Preterm Child: Results of the ELGAN Study. Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 2019; 79:1176-1182. [PMID: 31736506 PMCID: PMC6846733 DOI: 10.1055/a-0960-0939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 05/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal overweight and obesity are prenatal risk factors for obstetrical complications, preterm birth, neonatal morbidity as well as cognitive and behavioural developmental disorders in children. Paediatric morbidity and mortality as well as child development disorders are significantly associated with maternal obesity. Particularly in the neurodevelopmental and psychiatric area, it is becoming increasingly clear that, in children of mothers with an increased body mass index (BMI), there is a high correlation with childhood cognitive disabilities, attention disorders, and diseases on the autistic spectrum. The ELGAN (Extremely Low Gestational Age Newborn) study is a multicentre study which has been supported since 2000 by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and whose objective is to research predictors for neonatal brain damage and neurological-cognitive sequelae in premature infants. The areas of focus are the connection between maternal overweight and obesity and pregnancy complications, APGAR scores and systemic inflammatory markers. In this overview, our aim is to summarise the work in this area and discuss it critically on the basis of current literature. We will examine the hypothesis whether maternal overweight and obesity in terms of a chronic inflammatory state is associated with neonatal inflammation which in turn is associated with an unfavourable development prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Brodowski
- Frauenklinik, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Büter
- Kinderklinik, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Fabian Kohls
- Frauenklinik, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Peter Hillemanns
- Frauenklinik, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Olaf Dammann
- Frauenklinik, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover, Germany
- Public Health & Community Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
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McNamara NB, Miron VE. Microglia in developing white matter and perinatal brain injury. Neurosci Lett 2019; 714:134539. [PMID: 31614181 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2019.134539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Perinatal brain injury (PBI) to the developing white matter results in hypomyelination of axons and can cause long-term motor and cognitive deficits e.g. cerebral palsy. There are currently no approved therapies aimed at repairing the white matter following insult, underscoring the need to investigate the mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of PBI. Microglia have been strongly implicated, but their function and heterogeneity in this context remain poorly understood, posing a barrier to the development of microglia-targeted therapies for white matter repair following PBI. In this review, we discuss the roles of microglia in normal white matter development and in PBI, and potential drug strategies to influence microglial responses in this setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niamh B McNamara
- Medical Research Council Centre for Reproductive Health, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Veronique E Miron
- Medical Research Council Centre for Reproductive Health, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
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24
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Pierre WC, Akakpo L, Londono I, Pouliot P, Chemtob S, Lesage F, Lodygensky GA. Assessing therapeutic response non-invasively in a neonatal rat model of acute inflammatory white matter injury using high-field MRI. Brain Behav Immun 2019; 81:348-360. [PMID: 31247289 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2019.06.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Perinatal infection and inflammatory episodes in preterm infants are associated with diffuse white matter injury (WMI) and adverse neurological outcomes. Inflammation-induced WMI was previously shown to be linked with later hippocampal atrophy as well as learning and memory impairments in preterm infants. Early evaluation of injury load and therapeutic response with non-invasive tools such as multimodal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) would greatly improve the search of new therapeutic approaches in preterm infants. Our aim was to evaluate the potential of multimodal MRI to detect the response of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) treatment, known for its neuroprotective properties, during the acute phase of injury on a model of neonatal WMI. Rat pups at postnatal day 3 (P3) received intracerebral injection of lipopolysaccharide with systemic IL-1Ra therapy. 24 h later (P4), rats were imaged with multimodal MRI to assess microstructure by diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and neurochemical profile of the hippocampus with 1H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Astrocyte and microglial activation, apoptosis and the mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory and necroptotic markers were assessed. During the acute phase of injury, neonatal LPS exposure altered the concentration of hippocampus metabolites related to neuronal integrity, neurotransmission and membrane integrity and induced diffusivity restriction. Just 24 h after initiation of therapy, early indication of IL-1Ra neuroprotective effect could be detected in vivo by non-invasive spectroscopy and DTI, and confirmed with immunohistochemical evaluation and mRNA expression of inflammatory markers and cell death. In conclusion, multimodal MRI, particularly DTI, can detect not only injury but also the acute therapeutic effect of IL-1Ra suggesting that MRI could be a useful non-invasive tool to follow, at early time points, the therapeutic response in preterm infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wyston C Pierre
- Departments of Pediatrics, Ophthalmology and Pharmacology, CHU Sainte-Justine Research Centre, Montréal, Canada; Department of Pharmacology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Luis Akakpo
- Departments of Pediatrics, Ophthalmology and Pharmacology, CHU Sainte-Justine Research Centre, Montréal, Canada; École Polytechnique de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Irène Londono
- Departments of Pediatrics, Ophthalmology and Pharmacology, CHU Sainte-Justine Research Centre, Montréal, Canada
| | - Philippe Pouliot
- École Polytechnique de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada; Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Sylvain Chemtob
- Departments of Pediatrics, Ophthalmology and Pharmacology, CHU Sainte-Justine Research Centre, Montréal, Canada; Department of Pharmacology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada; Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
| | - Frédéric Lesage
- École Polytechnique de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada; Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Gregory A Lodygensky
- Departments of Pediatrics, Ophthalmology and Pharmacology, CHU Sainte-Justine Research Centre, Montréal, Canada; Department of Pharmacology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada; Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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Sex-specific maternofetal innate immune responses triggered by group B Streptococci. Sci Rep 2019; 9:8587. [PMID: 31197179 PMCID: PMC6565749 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-45029-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Group B Streptococcus (GBS) is one of the most common bacteria isolated in human chorioamnionitis, which is a major risk factor for premature birth and brain injuries. Males are at greater risk than females for developing lifelong neurobehavioural disorders, although the origins of this sex bias remain poorly understood. We previously showed that end-gestational inflammation triggered by GBS led to early neurodevelopmental impairments mainly in the male rat progeny. Identifying key inflammatory players involved in maternofetal immune activation by specific pathogens is critical to develop appropriate novel therapeutic interventions. We aimed to map out the GBS-induced profile of innate immune biomarkers in the maternal-placental-fetal axis, and to compare this immune profile between male and female tissues. We describe here that the GBS-induced immune signalling involved significantly higher levels of interleukin (IL)-1β, cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant-1 (CINC-1/CXCL1) and polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs) infiltration in male compared to female maternofetal tissues. Although male - but not female - fetuses presented increased levels of IL-1β, fetuses from both sexes in-utero exposed to GBS had increased levels of TNF-α in their circulation. Levels of IL-1β detected in fetal sera correlated positively with the levels found in maternal circulation. Here, we report for the first time that the maternofetal innate immune signalling induced by GBS presents a sexually dichotomous profile, with more prominent inflammation in males than females. These sex-specific placental and fetal pro-inflammatory responses are in keeping with the higher susceptibility of the male population for preterm birth, brain injuries and neurodevelopmental disorders such as cerebral palsy and autism spectrum disorders.
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26
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Niwa Y, Imai K, Kotani T, Miki R, Nakano T, Ushida T, Moriyama Y, Kikkawa F. Relationship between cytokine profiles of cord blood and cord S100B levels in preterm infants. Early Hum Dev 2019; 129:65-70. [PMID: 30684905 DOI: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2019.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuri Niwa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Kenji Imai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan.
| | - Tomomi Kotani
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Rika Miki
- Laboratory of Bell Research Centre-Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Collaborative Research, Bell Research Centre for Reproductive Health and Cancer, Department of Reproduction, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Tomoko Nakano
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Takafumi Ushida
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Moriyama
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Fumitaka Kikkawa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
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27
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Lu J, Claud EC. Connection between gut microbiome and brain development in preterm infants. Dev Psychobiol 2018; 61:739-751. [PMID: 30460694 DOI: 10.1002/dev.21806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2018] [Revised: 09/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Dysbiosis of the gut microbiome in preterm infants predisposes the neonate to various major morbidities including neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis and sepsis in the neonatal intensive care unit, and adverse neurological outcomes later in life. There are parallel early developmental windows for the gut microbiota and the nervous system during prenatal to postnatal of life. Therefore, preterm infants represent a unique population in which optimization of initial colonization and microbiota development can affect brain development and enhance neurological outcomes. In this review, we will first discuss the factors affecting the assembly of neonatal gut microbiota and the contribution of dysbiosis in preterm infants to neuroinflammation and neurodevelopmental disorders. We then will discuss the emerging pathways connecting the gut microbiome and brain development. Further we will discuss the significance of current models for alteration of the gut microbiome (including humanized gnotobiotic models and exposure to antibiotics) to brain development and functions. Understanding the role of early optimization of the microbiome in brain development is of paramount importance for developing microbiome-targeted therapies and protecting infants from prematurity-related neurodevelopmental diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Lu
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Erika C Claud
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
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28
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Prenatal inflammation and risk for schizophrenia: A role for immune proteins in neurodevelopment. Dev Psychopathol 2018; 30:1157-1178. [DOI: 10.1017/s0954579418000317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
AbstractPrenatal inflammation is an established risk factor for schizophrenia. However, the specific inflammatory pathways that mediate this association remain unclear. Potential candidate systems include inflammatory markers produced by microglia, such as cytokines and complement. Accumulating evidence suggests that these markers play a role in typical neurodevelopmental processes, such as synapse formation and interneuron migration. Rodent models demonstrate that altered marker levels during the prenatal period can cause lasting deficits in these systems, leading to cognitive deficits that resemble schizophrenia. This review assesses the potential role of prenatal cytokine and complement elevations on the etiology of schizophrenia. The current neurobiological understanding of the development of schizophrenia is reviewed to identify candidate cellular mechanisms that may be influenced by prenatal inflammation. We discuss the functions that cytokines and complement may play in prenatal neurodevelopment, review evidence that links exposure to these factors with risk for schizophrenia, and consider how these markers may interact with genetic vulnerabilities to influence the neurodevelopment of schizophrenia. We consider how prenatal inflammatory exposure may influence childhood and adolescent developmental risk trajectories for schizophrenia. Finally, we identify areas of further research needed to support the development of anti-inflammatory treatments to prevent the development of schizophrenia in at-risk neonates.
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29
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Sugimoto K, Kakeda S, Watanabe K, Katsuki A, Ueda I, Igata N, Igata R, Abe O, Yoshimura R, Korogi Y. Relationship between white matter integrity and serum inflammatory cytokine levels in drug-naive patients with major depressive disorder: diffusion tensor imaging study using tract-based spatial statistics. Transl Psychiatry 2018; 8:141. [PMID: 30069019 PMCID: PMC6070558 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-018-0174-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Revised: 02/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, accumulated evidence has indicated a role of inflammation in the pathogenesis of major depressive disorder (MDD). Therefore, we evaluated the relationship between white matter integrity and serum cytokine levels during the first depressive episode in drug-naive MDD patients, using a tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) method. A total of 35 drug-naive MDD patients with a first depressive episode and 35 healthy subjects (HS) underwent diffusion tensor imaging, and an analysis was conducted using TBSS. We measured serum cytokine levels (interleukin [IL]-1β, IL-6, interferon-γ, and tumor necrosis factor-α). Fractional anisotropy (FA) values of the bilateral inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus (IFOF) and genu of the corpus callosum in MDD patients were decreased significantly to the HS (p < 0.05 with family-wise error [FWE] correction) and were significantly inversely correlated with the IL-1β levels (p < 0.05, with FWE correction). No regions showed a correlation between FA values and other serum cytokine levels. Our results suggested that the microstructural changes in IFOF and genu of the corpus callosum are associated with the high IL-1β levels in the early stage of MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichiro Sugimoto
- Department of Radiology, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Shingo Kakeda
- Department of Radiology, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Keita Watanabe
- Department of Radiology, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan.
| | - Asuka Katsuki
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Issei Ueda
- Department of Radiology, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Natsuki Igata
- Department of Radiology, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Ryohei Igata
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Osamu Abe
- Department of Radiology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Reiji Yoshimura
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Yukunori Korogi
- Department of Radiology, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
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Maternal pomegranate juice attenuates maternal inflammation-induced fetal brain injury by inhibition of apoptosis, neuronal nitric oxide synthase, and NF-κB in a rat model. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2018; 219:113.e1-113.e9. [PMID: 29709511 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2018.04.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Revised: 04/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maternal inflammation is a risk factor for neonatal brain injury and future neurological deficits. Pomegranates have been shown to exhibit anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic and anti-oxidant activities. OBJECTIVE We hypothesized that pomegranate juice (POM) may attenuate fetal brain injury in a rat model of maternal inflammation. STUDY DESIGN Pregnant rats (24 total) were randomized for intraperitoneal lipopolysaccharide (100 μg/kg) or saline at time 0 at 18 days of gestation. From day 11 of gestation, 12 dams were provided ad libitum access to drinking water, and 12 dams were provided ad libitum access to drinking water with pomegranate juice (5 mL per day), resulting in 4 groups of 6 dams (saline/saline, pomegranate juice/saline, saline/lipopolysaccharide, pomegranate juice/lipopolysaccharide). All dams were sacrificed 4 hours following the injection and maternal blood and fetal brains were collected from the 4 treatment groups. Maternal interleukin-6 serum levels and fetal brain caspase 3 active form, nuclear factor-κB p65, neuronal nitric oxide synthase (phosphoneuronal nitric oxide synthase), and proinflammatory cytokine levels were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and Western blot. RESULTS Maternal lipopolysaccharide significantly increased maternal serum interleukin-6 levels (6039 ± 1039 vs 66 ± 46 pg/mL; P < .05) and fetal brain caspase 3 active form, nuclear factor-κB p65, phosphoneuronal nitric oxide synthase, and the proinflammatory cytokines compared to the control group (caspase 3 active form 0.26 ± 0.01 vs 0.20 ± 0.01 U; nuclear factor-κB p65 0.24 ± 0.01 vs 0.1 ± 0.01 U; phosphoneuronal nitric oxide synthase 0.23 ± 0.01 vs 0.11 ± 0.01 U; interleukin-6 0.25 ± 0.01 vs 0.09 ± 0.01 U; tumor necrosis factor-α 0.26 ± 0.01 vs 0.12 ± 0.01 U; chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 0.23 ± 0.01 vs 0.1 ± 0.01 U). Maternal supplementation of pomegranate juice to lipopolysaccharide-exposed dams (pomegranate juice/lipopolysaccharide) significantly reduced maternal serum interleukin-6 levels (3059 ± 1121 pg/mL, fetal brain: caspase 3 active form (0.2 ± 0.01 U), nuclear factor-κB p65 (0.22 ± 0.01 U), phosphoneuronal nitric oxide synthase (0.19 ± 0.01 U) as well as the brain proinflammatory cytokines (interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α and chemokine [C-C motif] ligand 2) compared to lipopolysaccharide group. CONCLUSION Maternal pomegranate juice supplementation may attenuate maternal inflammation-induced fetal brain injury. Pomegranate juice neuroprotective effects might be secondary to the suppression of both the maternal inflammatory response and inhibition of fetal brain apoptosis, neuronal nitric oxide synthase, and nuclear factor-κB activation.
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31
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Lu J, Lu L, Yu Y, Cluette-Brown J, Martin CR, Claud EC. Effects of Intestinal Microbiota on Brain Development in Humanized Gnotobiotic Mice. Sci Rep 2018; 8:5443. [PMID: 29615691 PMCID: PMC5882882 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-23692-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Poor growth in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit is associated with an increased risk for poor neurodevelopmental outcomes for preterm infants, however the mechanism is unclear. The microbiome has increasingly been recognized as a modifiable environmental factor to influence host development. Here we explore the hypothesis that the microbiome influences both growth phenotype and brain development. A germ free mouse transfaunation model was used to examine the effects of preterm infant microbiotas known to induce either high growth or low growth phenotypes on postnatal brain development. The microbiome which induced the low growth phenotype was associated with decreases in the neuronal markers NeuN and neurofilament-L as well as the myelination marker MBP when compared to the microbiome associated with the high growth phenotype. Additionally, poor growth phenotype-associated microbiota was associated with increased neuroinflammation marked by increased Nos1, as well as alteration in IGF-1 pathway including decreased circulating and brain IGF-1, decreased circulating IGFBP3, and increased Igfbp3 brain mRNA expression. This study suggests that growth-associated microbiota can influence early neuron and oligodendrocyte development and that this effect may be mediated by effects on neuroinflammation and circulating IGF-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Lu
- The University of Chicago, Pritzker School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Lei Lu
- The University of Chicago, Pritzker School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Yueyue Yu
- The University of Chicago, Pritzker School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Joanne Cluette-Brown
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Division of Gastroenterology, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Camilia R Martin
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Department of Neonatology and Division of Translational Research, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Erika C Claud
- The University of Chicago, Pritzker School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.
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32
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Winkler CW, Peterson KE. Using immunocompromised mice to identify mechanisms of Zika virus transmission and pathogenesis. Immunology 2018; 153:443-454. [PMID: 29266213 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Revised: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) is responsible for a recent global epidemic that has been associated with congenital brain malformations in fetuses and with Guillain-Barré syndrome in adults. Within the last 2 years, a major effort has been made to develop murine models to study the mechanism of viral transmission, pathogenesis and the host immune response. Here, we discuss the findings from these models regarding the role that the innate and adaptive immune responses have in controlling ZIKV infection and pathogenesis. Additionally, we examine how innate and adaptive immune responses influence sexual and vertical transmission of ZIKV infection as well as how these responses can influence the ability of ZIKV to cross the placenta and to induce damage in the developing brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clayton W Winkler
- Laboratory of Persistent Viral Diseases, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Karin E Peterson
- Laboratory of Persistent Viral Diseases, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Hamilton, MT, USA
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Li B, Concepcion K, Meng X, Zhang L. Brain-immune interactions in perinatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury. Prog Neurobiol 2017; 159:50-68. [PMID: 29111451 PMCID: PMC5831511 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2017.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Perinatal hypoxia-ischemia remains the primary cause of acute neonatal brain injury, leading to a high mortality rate and long-term neurological deficits, such as behavioral, social, attentional, cognitive and functional motor deficits. An ever-increasing body of evidence shows that the immune response to acute cerebral hypoxia-ischemia is a major contributor to the pathophysiology of neonatal brain injury. Hypoxia-ischemia provokes an intravascular inflammatory cascade that is further augmented by the activation of resident immune cells and the cerebral infiltration of peripheral immune cells response to cellular damages in the brain parenchyma. This prolonged and/or inappropriate neuroinflammation leads to secondary brain tissue injury. Yet, the long-term effects of immune activation, especially the adaptive immune response, on the hypoxic-ischemic brain still remain unclear. The focus of this review is to summarize recent advances in the understanding of post-hypoxic-ischemic neuroinflammation triggered by the innate and adaptive immune responses and to discuss how these mechanisms modulate the brain vulnerability to injury. A greater understanding of the reciprocal interactions between the hypoxic-ischemic brain and the immune system will open new avenues for potential immunomodulatory therapy in the treatment of neonatal brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Li
- The Lawrence D. Longo, MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Division of Pharmacology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA.
| | - Katherine Concepcion
- The Lawrence D. Longo, MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Division of Pharmacology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
| | - Xianmei Meng
- The Lawrence D. Longo, MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Division of Pharmacology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
| | - Lubo Zhang
- The Lawrence D. Longo, MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Division of Pharmacology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
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Lalancette-Hébert M, Faustino J, Thammisetty SS, Chip S, Vexler ZS, Kriz J. Live imaging of the innate immune response in neonates reveals differential TLR2 dependent activation patterns in sterile inflammation and infection. Brain Behav Immun 2017; 65:312-327. [PMID: 28579520 PMCID: PMC6151183 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2017.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Revised: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Activation of microglial cells in response to brain injury and/or immune stimuli is associated with a marked induction of Toll-like receptors (TLRs). While in adult brain, the contribution of individual TLRs, including TLR2, in pathophysiological cascades has been well established, their role and spatial and temporal induction patterns in immature brain are far less understood. To examine whether infectious stimuli and sterile inflammatory stimuli trigger distinct TLR2-mediated innate immune responses, we used three models in postnatal day 9 (P9) mice, a model of infection induced by systemic endotoxin injection and two models of sterile inflammation, intra-cortical IL-1β injection and transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO). We took advantage of a transgenic mouse model bearing the dual reporter system luciferase/GFP under transcriptional control of a murine TLR2 promoter (TLR2-luc-GFP) to visualize the TLR2 response in the living neonatal brain and then determined neuroinflammation, microglial activation and leukocyte infiltration. We show that in physiological postnatal brain development the in vivo TLR2-luc signal undergoes a marked ∼30-fold decline and temporal-spatial changes during the second and third postnatal weeks. We then show that while endotoxin robustly induces the in vivo TLR2-luc signal in the living brain and increases levels of several inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, the in vivo TLR2-luc signal is reduced after both IL-1β and tMCAO and the inflammatory response is muted. Immunofluorescence revealed that microglial cells are the predominant source of TLR2 production during postnatal brain development and in all three neonatal models studied. Flow cytometry revealed developmental changes in CD11b+/CD45+ and CD11b+/Ly6C+ cell populations, involvement of cells of the monocyte lineage, but lack of Ly6G+ neutrophils or CD3+ cells in acutely injured neonatal brains. Cumulatively, our results suggest distinct TLR2 induction patterns following PAMP and DAMP - mediated inflammation in immature brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Lalancette-Hébert
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Research Center of the IUSMQ, 2601, de la Canardière, Québec, QC G1J 2G3, Canada
| | - Joel Faustino
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158-0663, USA
| | - Sai Sampath Thammisetty
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Research Center of the IUSMQ, 2601, de la Canardière, Québec, QC G1J 2G3, Canada
| | - Sophorn Chip
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158-0663, USA
| | - Zinaida S Vexler
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158-0663, USA.
| | - Jasna Kriz
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Research Center of the IUSMQ, 2601, de la Canardière, Québec, QC G1J 2G3, Canada.
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Horiuchi M, Suzuki-Horiuchi Y, Akiyama T, Itoh A, Pleasure D, Carstens E, Itoh T. Differing intrinsic biological properties between forebrain and spinal oligodendroglial lineage cells. J Neurochem 2017; 142:378-391. [PMID: 28512742 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Revised: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Differentiation of oligodendroglial progenitor cells (OPCs) into myelinating oligodendrocytes is known to be regulated by the microenvironment where they differentiate. However, current research has not verified whether or not oligodendroglial lineage cells (OLCs) derived from different anatomical regions of the central nervous system (CNS) respond to microenvironmental cues in the same manner. Here, we isolated pure OPCs from rat neonatal forebrain (FB) and spinal cord (SC) and compared their phenotypes in the same in vitro conditions. We found that although FB and SC OLCs responded differently to the same external factors; they were distinct in proliferation response to mitogens, oligodendrocyte phenotype after differentiation, and cytotoxic responses to α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionate-type glutamate receptor-mediated excitotoxicity at immature stages of differentiation in a cell-intrinsic manner. Moreover, transcriptome analysis identified genes differentially expressed between these OPC populations, including those encoding transcription factors (TFs), cell surface molecules, and signaling molecules. Particularly, FB and SC OPCs retained the expression of FB- or SC-specific TFs, such as Foxg1 and Hoxc8, respectively, even after serial passaging in vitro. Given the essential role of these TFs in the regional identities of CNS cells along the rostrocaudal axis, our results suggest that CNS region-specific gene regulation by these TFs may cause cell-intrinsic differences in cellular responses between FB and SC OLCs to extracellular molecules. Further understanding of the regional differences among OPC populations will help to improve treatments for demyelination in different CNS regions and to facilitate the development of stem cell-derived OPCs for cell transplantation therapies for demyelination. Cover Image for this issue: doi. 10.1111/jnc.13809.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Horiuchi
- Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Yoko Suzuki-Horiuchi
- Department of Dermatology, Institute of Regenerative Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Tasuku Akiyama
- Temple Itch Center, Department of Dermatology, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Aki Itoh
- Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Shriners Hospitals for Children Northern California, Sacramento, California, USA.,Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of California, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - David Pleasure
- Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Shriners Hospitals for Children Northern California, Sacramento, California, USA.,Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of California, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Earl Carstens
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology & Behavior, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Takayuki Itoh
- Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Shriners Hospitals for Children Northern California, Sacramento, California, USA.,Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of California, Sacramento, California, USA
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Ginsberg Y, Khatib N, Weiner Z, Beloosesky R. Maternal Inflammation, Fetal Brain Implications and Suggested Neuroprotection: A Summary of 10 Years of Research in Animal Models. Rambam Maimonides Med J 2017; 8:RMMJ.10305. [PMID: 28467756 PMCID: PMC5415374 DOI: 10.5041/rmmj.10305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A growing body of evidence implies that maternal inflammation during pregnancy is associated with increased risk of neurodevelopmental disorders in the offspring. The pathophysiological mechanisms by which maternal inflammation evokes fetal brain injury and contributes to long-term adverse neurological outcomes are not completely understood. In this review, we summarize 10 years of our research experience on maternal inflammation and the implications upon the fetal/offspring brain. We review our findings regarding the underlying mechanisms that connects maternal inflammation and fetal brain injuries (e.g. cytokines, oxidative stress); we discuss our imaging, pathological and behavioral test results which support brain damage following maternal inflammation; and finally we describe some of the therapeutic strategies which might prevent the damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuval Ginsberg
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Nizar Khatib
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Zeev Weiner
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
- The Ruth & Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Ron Beloosesky
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
- The Ruth & Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
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Hou L, Zhou X, Zhang C, Wang K, Liu X, Che Y, Sun F, Li H, Wang Q, Zhang D, Hong JS. NADPH oxidase-derived H 2O 2 mediates the regulatory effects of microglia on astrogliosis in experimental models of Parkinson's disease. Redox Biol 2017; 12:162-170. [PMID: 28237879 PMCID: PMC5328707 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2017.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Revised: 02/12/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Astrogliosis has long been recognized in Parkinson's disease (PD), the most common neurodegenerative movement disorder. However, the mechanisms of how astroglia become activated remain unclear. Reciprocal interactions between microglia and astroglia play a pivotal role in regulating the activities of astroglia. The purpose of this study is to investigate the mechanism by which microglia regulate astrogliosis by using lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced mouse PD models. We found that the activation of microglia preceded astroglia in the substantia nigra of mice treated with either LPS or MPTP. Furthermore, suppression of microglial activation by pharmacological inhibition or genetic deletion of NADPH oxidase (NOX2) in mice attenuated astrogliosis. The important role of NOX2 in microglial regulation of astrogliosis was further mirrored in a mixed-glia culture system. Mechanistically, H2O2, a product of microglial NOX2 activation, serves as a direct signal to regulate astrogliosis. Astrogliosis was induced by H2O2 through a process in which extracellularly generated H2O2 diffused into the cytoplasm and subsequently stimulated activation of transcription factors, STAT1 and STAT3. STAT1/3 activation regulated the immunological functions of H2O2-induced astrogliosis since AG490, an inhibitor of STAT1/3, attenuated the gene expressions of both proinflammatory and neurotrophic factors in H2O2-treated astrocyte. Our findings indicate that microglial NOX2-generated H2O2 is able to regulate the immunological functions of astroglia via a STAT1/3-dependent manner, providing additional evidence for the immune pathogenesis and therapeutic studies of PD. Microglia are capable of regulating the immunological functions of astrogliosis in Parkinson's disease. NADPH oxidase-derived H2O2 is recognized as a paracrine signal for microglial regulation of astrogliosis. Transcription factors STAT1 and STAT3 play pivotal roles in H2O2-induced astroglial activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyan Hou
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Dalian Medical University, No. 9 W. Lvshun South Road, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Xueying Zhou
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Dalian Medical University, No. 9 W. Lvshun South Road, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Cong Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Dalian Medical University, No. 9 W. Lvshun South Road, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Ke Wang
- Department of Nutrition, Second Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Xiaofang Liu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Dalian Medical University, No. 9 W. Lvshun South Road, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Yuning Che
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Dalian Medical University, No. 9 W. Lvshun South Road, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Fuqiang Sun
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Dalian Medical University, No. 9 W. Lvshun South Road, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Huihua Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Dalian Medical University, No. 9 W. Lvshun South Road, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Qingshan Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Dalian Medical University, No. 9 W. Lvshun South Road, Dalian 116044, China.
| | - Dan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Products and Functions, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Jau-Shyong Hong
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
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Patra A, Chen X, Sadowska GB, Zhang J, Lim YP, Padbury JF, Banks WA, Stonestreet BS. Neutralizing anti-interleukin-1β antibodies reduce ischemia-related interleukin-1β transport across the blood-brain barrier in fetal sheep. Neuroscience 2017; 346:113-125. [PMID: 28089577 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.12.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Revised: 11/25/2016] [Accepted: 12/29/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxic ischemic insults predispose to perinatal brain injury. Pro-inflammatory cytokines are important in the evolution of this injury. Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) is a key mediator of inflammatory responses and elevated IL-1β levels in brain correlate with adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes after brain injury. Impaired blood-brain barrier (BBB) function represents an important component of hypoxic-ischemic brain injury in the fetus. In addition, ischemia-reperfusion increases cytokine transport across the BBB of the ovine fetus. Reducing pro-inflammatory cytokine entry into brain could represent a novel approach to attenuate ischemia-related brain injury. We hypothesized that infusions of neutralizing IL-1β monoclonal antibody (mAb) reduce IL-1β transport across the BBB after ischemia in the fetus. Fetal sheep were studied 24-h after 30-min of carotid artery occlusion. Fetuses were treated with placebo- or anti-IL-1β mAb intravenously 15-min and 4-h after ischemia. Ovine IL-1β protein expressed from IL-1β pGEX-2T vectors in Escherichia coli (E. coli) BL-21 cells was produced, purified, and radiolabeled with 125I. BBB permeability was quantified using the blood-to-brain transfer constant (Ki) with 125I-radiolabeled-IL-1β. Increases in anti-IL-1β mAb were observed in the brain of the mAb-treated group (P<0.001). Blood-to-brain transport of 125I-IL-1β was lower (P<0.04) across brain regions in the anti-IL-1β mAb-treated than placebo-treated ischemic fetuses. Plasma 125I-IL-1β counts were higher (P<0.001) in the anti-IL-1β mAb- than placebo-treated ischemic fetuses. Systemic infusions of anti-IL-1β mAb reduce IL-1β transport across the BBB after ischemia in the ovine fetus. Our findings suggest that conditions associated with increases in systemic pro-inflammatory cytokines and neurodevelopmental impairment could benefit from an anti-cytokine therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aparna Patra
- Pediatrics, Women & Infants Hospital of Rhode Island, The Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02905, United States.
| | - Xiaodi Chen
- Pediatrics, Women & Infants Hospital of Rhode Island, The Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02905, United States
| | - Grazyna B Sadowska
- Pediatrics, Women & Infants Hospital of Rhode Island, The Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02905, United States
| | - Jiyong Zhang
- Pediatrics, Women & Infants Hospital of Rhode Island, The Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02905, United States
| | - Yow-Pin Lim
- ProThera Biologics, Providence, RI 02903, United States
| | - James F Padbury
- Pediatrics, Women & Infants Hospital of Rhode Island, The Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02905, United States
| | - William A Banks
- Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98104, United States
| | - Barbara S Stonestreet
- Pediatrics, Women & Infants Hospital of Rhode Island, The Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02905, United States.
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Schmidt AF, Kannan PS, Chougnet CA, Danzer SC, Miller LA, Jobe AH, Kallapur SG. Intra-amniotic LPS causes acute neuroinflammation in preterm rhesus macaques. J Neuroinflammation 2016; 13:238. [PMID: 27596440 PMCID: PMC5011884 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-016-0706-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Chorioamnionitis is associated with an increased risk of brain injury in preterm neonates. Inflammatory changes in brain could underlie this injury. Here, we evaluated whether neuroinflammation is induced by chorioamnionitis in a clinically relevant model. Methods Rhesus macaque fetuses were exposed to either intra-amniotic (IA) saline, or IA lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (1 mg) 16 or 48 h prior to delivery at 130 days (85 % of gestation) (n = 4–5 animals/group). We measured cytokines in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), froze samples from the left brain for molecular analysis, and immersion fixed the right brain hemisphere for immunohistology. We analyzed the messenger RNA (mRNA) levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, CCL2, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and COX-2 in the periventricular white matter (PVWM), cortex, thalamus, hippocampus, and cerebellum by RT-qPCR. Brain injury was assessed by immunohistology for myelin basic protein (MBP), IBA1 (microglial marker), GFAP (astrocyte marker), OLIG2 (oligodendrocyte marker), NeuN (neuronal marker), CD3 (T cells), and CD14 (monocytes). Microglial proliferation was assessed by co-immunostaining for IBA1 and Ki67. Data were analyzed by ANOVA with Tukey’s post-test. Results IA LPS increased mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the PVWM, thalamus, and cerebellum, increased IL-6 concentration in the CSF, and increased apoptosis in the periventricular area after 16 h. Microglial proliferation in the white matter was increased 48 h after IA LPS. Conclusions LPS-induced chorioamnionitis caused neuroinflammation, microglial proliferation, and periventricular apoptosis in a clinically relevant model of chorioamnionitis in fetal rhesus macaques. These findings identify specific responses in the fetal brain and support the hypothesis that neuroinflammatory changes may mediate the adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes associated with chorioamnionitis. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12974-016-0706-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Augusto F Schmidt
- Division of Neonatology and Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Paranthaman S Kannan
- Division of Neonatology and Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Claire A Chougnet
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Steve C Danzer
- Department of Anesthesia, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Lisa A Miller
- California National Primate Research Center and Department of Pediatrics and Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Alan H Jobe
- Division of Neonatology and Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Suhas G Kallapur
- Division of Neonatology and Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA.
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Steullet P, Cabungcal JH, Monin A, Dwir D, O'Donnell P, Cuenod M, Do KQ. Redox dysregulation, neuroinflammation, and NMDA receptor hypofunction: A "central hub" in schizophrenia pathophysiology? Schizophr Res 2016; 176:41-51. [PMID: 25000913 PMCID: PMC4282982 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2014.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2014] [Revised: 06/06/2014] [Accepted: 06/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence points to altered GABAergic parvalbumin-expressing interneurons and impaired myelin/axonal integrity in schizophrenia. Both findings could be due to abnormal neurodevelopmental trajectories, affecting local neuronal networks and long-range synchrony and leading to cognitive deficits. In this review, we present data from animal models demonstrating that redox dysregulation, neuroinflammation and/or NMDAR hypofunction (as observed in patients) impairs the normal development of both parvalbumin interneurons and oligodendrocytes. These observations suggest that a dysregulation of the redox, neuroimmune, and glutamatergic systems due to genetic and early-life environmental risk factors could contribute to the anomalies of parvalbumin interneurons and white matter in schizophrenia, ultimately impacting cognition, social competence, and affective behavior via abnormal function of micro- and macrocircuits. Moreover, we propose that the redox, neuroimmune, and glutamatergic systems form a "central hub" where an imbalance within any of these "hub" systems leads to similar anomalies of parvalbumin interneurons and oligodendrocytes due to the tight and reciprocal interactions that exist among these systems. A combination of vulnerabilities for a dysregulation within more than one of these systems may be particularly deleterious. For these reasons, molecules, such as N-acetylcysteine, that possess antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties and can also regulate glutamatergic transmission are promising tools for prevention in ultra-high risk patients or for early intervention therapy during the first stages of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Steullet
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, Site de Cery, 1008 Prilly-Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - J H Cabungcal
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, Site de Cery, 1008 Prilly-Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - A Monin
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, Site de Cery, 1008 Prilly-Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - D Dwir
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, Site de Cery, 1008 Prilly-Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - P O'Donnell
- Neuroscience Research Unit, Pfizer, Inc., 700 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - M Cuenod
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, Site de Cery, 1008 Prilly-Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - K Q Do
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, Site de Cery, 1008 Prilly-Lausanne, Switzerland.
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AMPA-Kainate Receptor Inhibition Promotes Neurologic Recovery in Premature Rabbits with Intraventricular Hemorrhage. J Neurosci 2016; 36:3363-77. [PMID: 26985043 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.4329-15.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) in preterm infants leads to cerebral inflammation, reduced myelination of the white matter, and neurological deficits. No therapeutic strategy exists against the IVH-induced white matter injury. AMPA-kainate receptor induced excitotoxicity contributes to oligodendrocyte precursor cell (OPC) damage and hypomyelination in both neonatal and adult models of brain injury. Here, we hypothesized that IVH damages white matter via AMPA receptor activation, and that AMPA-kainate receptor inhibition suppresses inflammation and restores OPC maturation, myelination, and neurologic recovery in preterm newborns with IVH. We tested these hypotheses in a rabbit model of glycerol-induced IVH and evaluated the expression of AMPA receptors in autopsy samples from human preterm infants. GluR1-GluR4 expressions were comparable between preterm humans and rabbits with and without IVH. However, GluR1 and GluR2 levels were significantly lower in the embryonic white matter and germinal matrix relative to the neocortex in both infants with and without IVH. Pharmacological blockade of AMPA-kainate receptors with systemic NBQX, or selective AMPA receptor inhibition by intramuscular perampanel restored myelination and neurologic recovery in rabbits with IVH. NBQX administration also reduced the population of apoptotic OPCs, levels of several cytokines (TNFα, IL-β, IL-6, LIF), and the density of Iba1(+) microglia in pups with IVH. Additionally, NBQX treatment inhibited STAT-3 phosphorylation, but not astrogliosis or transcription factors regulating gliosis. Our data suggest that AMPA-kainate receptor inhibition alleviates OPC loss and IVH-induced inflammation and restores myelination and neurologic recovery in preterm rabbits with IVH. Therapeutic use of FDA-approved perampanel treatment might enhance neurologic outcome in premature infants with IVH. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) is a major complication of prematurity and a large number of survivors with IVH develop cerebral palsy and cognitive deficits. The development of IVH leads to inflammation of the periventricular white matter, apoptosis and arrested maturation of oligodendrocyte precursor cells, and hypomyelination. Here, we show that AMPA-kainate receptor inhibition by NBQX suppresses inflammation, attenuates apoptosis of oligodendrocyte precursor cells, and promotes myelination as well as clinical recovery in preterm rabbits with IVH. Importantly, AMPA-specific inhibition by the FDA-approved perampanel, which unlike NBQX has a low side-effect profile, also enhances myelination and neurological recovery in rabbits with IVH. Hence, the present study highlights the role of AMPA-kainate receptor in IVH-induced white matter injury and identifies a novel strategy of neuroprotection, which might improve the neurological outcome for premature infants with IVH.
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Berchtold LA, Prause M, Størling J, Mandrup-Poulsen T. Cytokines and Pancreatic β-Cell Apoptosis. Adv Clin Chem 2016; 75:99-158. [PMID: 27346618 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acc.2016.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The discovery 30 years ago that inflammatory cytokines cause a concentration, activity, and time-dependent bimodal response in pancreatic β-cell function and viability has been a game-changer in the fields of research directed at understanding inflammatory regulation of β-cell function and survival and the causes of β-cell failure and destruction in diabetes. Having until then been confined to the use of pathophysiologically irrelevant β-cell toxic chemicals as a model of β-cell death, researchers could now mimic endocrine and paracrine effects of the cytokine response in vitro by titrating concentrations in the low to the high picomolar-femtomolar range and vary exposure time for up to 14-16h to reproduce the acute regulatory effects of systemic inflammation on β-cell secretory responses, with a shift to inhibition at high picomolar concentrations or more than 16h of exposure to illustrate adverse effects of local, chronic islet inflammation. Since then, numerous studies have clarified how these bimodal responses depend on discrete signaling pathways. Most interest has been devoted to the proapoptotic response dependent upon mainly nuclear factor κ B and mitogen-activated protein kinase activation, leading to gene expressional changes, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and triggering of mitochondrial dysfunction. Preclinical studies have shown preventive effects of cytokine antagonism in animal models of diabetes, and clinical trials demonstrating proof of concept are emerging. The full clinical potential of anticytokine therapies has yet to be shown by testing the incremental effects of appropriate dosing, timing, and combinations of treatments. Due to the considerable translational importance of enhancing the precision, specificity, and safety of antiinflammatory treatments of diabetes, we review here the cellular, preclinical, and clinical evidence of which of the death pathways recently proposed in the Nomenclature Committee on Cell Death 2012 Recommendations are activated by inflammatory cytokines in the pancreatic β-cell to guide the identification of antidiabetic targets. Although there are still scarce human data, the cellular and preclinical studies point to the caspase-dependent intrinsic apoptosis pathway as the prime effector of inflammatory β-cell apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - M Prause
- University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - J Størling
- Copenhagen Diabetes Research Center, Beta Cell Biology Group, Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev, Herlev, Denmark
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Interleukin-1β transfer across the blood-brain barrier in the ovine fetus. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2015; 35:1388-95. [PMID: 26082012 PMCID: PMC4640327 DOI: 10.1038/jcbfm.2015.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Revised: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Pro-inflammatory cytokines contribute to hypoxic-ischemic brain injury. Blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction represents an important component of hypoxic-ischemic brain injury in the fetus. Hypoxic-ischemic injury could accentuate systemic cytokine transfer across the fetal BBB. There has been considerable conjecture suggesting that systemic cytokines could cross the BBB during the perinatal period. Nonetheless, evidence to support this contention is sparse. We hypothesized that ischemia-reperfusion increases the transfer of systemic interleukin-1β (IL-1β) across the BBB in the fetus. Ovine fetuses at 127 days of gestation were studied 4 hours after 30 minutes of bilateral carotid artery occlusion and compared with a nonischemic group. Recombinant ovine IL-1β protein was expressed from an IL-1β pGEX-2 T vector in E. coli BL-21 cells and purified. The BBB function was quantified in 12 brain regions using a blood-to-brain transfer constant with intravenous (125)I-radiolabeled IL-1β ((125)I-IL-1β). Interleukin-1β crossed the intact BBB in nonischemic fetuses. Blood-to-brain transport of (125)I-IL-1β was higher (P<0.05) across brain regions in fetuses exposed to ischemia-reperfusion than nonischemic fetuses. We conclude that systemic IL-1β crosses the intact fetal BBB, and that ischemia-reperfusion increases transfer of this cytokine across the fetal BBB. Therefore, altered BBB function after hypoxia-ischemia facilitates entry of systemic cytokines into the brain of the fetus.
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Mori M, Matsubara K, Matsubara Y, Uchikura Y, Hashimoto H, Fujioka T, Matsumoto T. Stromal Cell-Derived Factor-1α Plays a Crucial Role Based on Neuroprotective Role in Neonatal Brain Injury in Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:18018-32. [PMID: 26251894 PMCID: PMC4581233 DOI: 10.3390/ijms160818018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Revised: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Owing to progress in perinatal medicine, the survival of preterm newborns has markedly increased. However, the incidence of cerebral palsy has risen in association with increased preterm birth. Cerebral palsy is largely caused by cerebral hypoxic ischemia (HI), for which there are no effective medical treatments. We evaluated the effects of stromal cell-derived factor-1α (SDF-1α) on neonatal brain damage in rats. Left common carotid (LCC) arteries of seven-day-old Wistar rat pups were ligated, and animals were exposed to hypoxic gas to cause cerebral HI. Behavioral tests revealed that the memory and spatial perception abilities were disturbed in HI animals, and that SDF-1α treatment improved these cognitive functions. Motor coordination was also impaired after HI but was unimproved by SDF-1α treatment. SDF-1α reduced intracranial inflammation and induced cerebral remyelination, as indicated by the immunohistochemistry results. These data suggest that SDF-1α specifically influences spatial perception abilities in neonatal HI encephalopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miki Mori
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ehime University School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime 791-0295, Japan.
| | - Keiichi Matsubara
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ehime University School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime 791-0295, Japan.
| | - Yuko Matsubara
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ehime University School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime 791-0295, Japan.
| | - Yuka Uchikura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ehime University School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime 791-0295, Japan.
| | - Hisashi Hashimoto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ehime University School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime 791-0295, Japan.
| | - Toru Fujioka
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ehime University School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime 791-0295, Japan.
| | - Takashi Matsumoto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ehime University School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime 791-0295, Japan.
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Kipfmueller F, Schneider J, Prusseit J, Dimitriou I, Zur B, Franz AR, Bartmann P, Mueller A. Role of Neutrophil CD64 Index as a Screening Marker for Late-Onset Sepsis in Very Low Birth Weight Infants. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0124634. [PMID: 25894336 PMCID: PMC4404048 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0124634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The role of CD64 in late onset sepsis (LOS) in preterm infants has been described in several studies. Aim of this study was to investigate whether CD64 expression is increased in the days before clinical manifestation of LOS. Methods Patients with birth weight below 1,500g were eligible for study participation. During routine blood sampling CD64 index was determined between day of life 4 and 28. Patients were allocated to one of four groups: (1) blood-culture positive sepsis, (2) clinical sepsis, (3) symptoms of infection without biochemical evidence of infection, or (4) patients without suspected infection. Kinetics of CD64 expression were compared during a period before and after the day of infection in the respective groups. Results 50 infants were prospectively enrolled and allocated to each group as follows: group (1) n = 7; group (2) n = 10; group (3) n = 8; and group (4) n = 25. CD64 index was elevated in 57% of patients in group (1) at least two days before infection. In contrast only 20% in the clinical sepsis group and 0% in group (3) had an elevated CD64 index in the days before infection. 10 of the 25 patients in the control group (4) presented increased CD64 index values during the study period. Conclusions The CD64 index might be a promising marker to detect LOS before infants demonstrate signs or symptoms of infection. However, larger prospective studies are needed to define optimal cut-off values and to investigate the role of non-infectious inflammation in this patient group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Kipfmueller
- Department of Neonatology and Pediatric Critical Care, University Children‘s Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Jessica Schneider
- Department of Neonatology and Pediatric Critical Care, University Children‘s Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Julia Prusseit
- Department of Neonatology and Pediatric Critical Care, University Children‘s Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Ioanna Dimitriou
- Department of Medical Biometry, Informatics and Epidemiology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Berndt Zur
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Axel R. Franz
- Department of Neonatology and Pediatric Critical Care, University Children‘s Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Current affiliation: Department of Neonatology, University Children’s Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Peter Bartmann
- Department of Neonatology and Pediatric Critical Care, University Children‘s Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Andreas Mueller
- Department of Neonatology and Pediatric Critical Care, University Children‘s Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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Babri S, Doosti MH, Salari AA. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha during neonatal brain development affects anxiety- and depression-related behaviors in adult male and female mice. Behav Brain Res 2014; 261:305-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2013.12.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2013] [Revised: 12/27/2013] [Accepted: 12/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Rosenzweig JM, Lei J, Burd I. Interleukin-1 receptor blockade in perinatal brain injury. Front Pediatr 2014; 2:108. [PMID: 25340046 PMCID: PMC4187538 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2014.00108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-1 (IL-1) is a potent inflammatory cytokine that can be produced by a variety of cell types throughout the body. While IL-1 is a central mediator of inflammation and response to infection, the role of IL-1 signaling in adult and pediatric brain injury is becoming increasingly clear. Although the mechanisms of IL-1 expression are largely understood, the downstream effects and contributions to excitotoxicity and oxidative stress are poorly defined. Here, we present a review of mechanisms of IL-1 signaling with a focus on the role of IL-1 in perinatal brain injury. We highlight research models of perinatal brain injury and the use of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA) as an agent of therapeutic potential in preventing perinatal brain injury due to exposure to inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason M Rosenzweig
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Integrated Research Center for Fetal Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore, MD , USA
| | - Jun Lei
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Integrated Research Center for Fetal Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore, MD , USA
| | - Irina Burd
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Integrated Research Center for Fetal Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore, MD , USA ; Department of Neuroscience, Kennedy Krieger Institute , Baltimore, MD , USA ; Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore, MD , USA
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Prins M, Eriksson C, Wierinckx A, Bol JGJM, Binnekade R, Tilders FJH, Van Dam AM. Interleukin-1β and interleukin-1 receptor antagonist appear in grey matter additionally to white matter lesions during experimental multiple sclerosis. PLoS One 2013; 8:e83835. [PMID: 24376764 PMCID: PMC3871572 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0083835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2013] [Accepted: 11/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple sclerosis (MS) has been mainly attributed to white matter (WM) pathology. However, recent evidence indicated the presence of grey matter (GM) lesions. One of the principal mediators of inflammatory processes is interleukin-1β (IL-1β), which is known to play a role in MS pathogenesis. It is unknown whether IL-1β is solely present in WM or also in GM lesions. Using an experimental MS model, we questioned whether IL-1β and the IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) are present in GM in addition to affected WM regions. METHODS The expression of IL-1β and IL-1ra in chronic-relapsing EAE (cr-EAE) rats was examined using in situ hybridization, immunohistochemistry and real-time PCR. Rats were sacrificed at the peak of the first disease phase, the trough of the remission phase, and at the peak of the relapse. Histopathological characteristics of CNS lesions were studied using immunohistochemistry for PLP, CD68 and CD3 and Oil-Red O histochemistry. RESULTS IL-1β and IL-ra expression appears to a similar extent in affected GM and WM regions in the brain and spinal cord of cr-EAE rats, particularly in perivascular and periventricular locations. IL-1β and IL-1ra expression was dedicated to macrophages and/or activated microglial cells, at sites of starting demyelination. The time-dependent expression of IL-1β and IL-1ra revealed that within the spinal cord IL-1β and IL-1ra mRNA remained present throughout the disease, whereas in the brain their expression disappeared during the relapse. CONCLUSIONS The appearance of IL-1β expressing cells in GM within the CNS during cr-EAE may explain the occurrence of several clinical deficits present in EAE and MS which cannot be attributed solely to the presence of IL-1β in WM. Endogenously produced IL-1ra seems not capable to counteract IL-1β-induced effects. We put forward that IL-1β may behold promise as a target to address GM, in addition to WM, related pathology in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marloes Prins
- VU University Medical Center, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, Dept. Anatomy and Neurosciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Charlotta Eriksson
- VU University Medical Center, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, Dept. Anatomy and Neurosciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anne Wierinckx
- VU University Medical Center, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, Dept. Anatomy and Neurosciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- UNIV UMR1052, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - John G. J. M. Bol
- VU University Medical Center, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, Dept. Anatomy and Neurosciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rob Binnekade
- VU University Medical Center, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, Dept. Anatomy and Neurosciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Fred J. H. Tilders
- VU University Medical Center, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, Dept. Anatomy and Neurosciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anne-Marie Van Dam
- VU University Medical Center, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, Dept. Anatomy and Neurosciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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The efficacy of intravenous immunoglobulin on lipopolysaccharide-induced fetal brain inflammation in preterm rats. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2013; 209:347.e1-8. [PMID: 23791686 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2013.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2012] [Revised: 03/27/2013] [Accepted: 06/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Interleukin-1 is accepted as one of the major cytokines; it is involved in inflammatory processes and systemic fetal inflammatory response that is triggered by maternal lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection. Because it is an antiinflammatory agent, we investigated (in the brain damage of rat pups) the role of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) in decreasing interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) expression and caspase 3 activity that was induced by maternal LPS administration. STUDY DESIGN Dams were divided into 3 groups. Pyrogen-free saline solution (NS) was administered intraperitoneally to group 1; LPS (0.3 mg/kg) suspension in NS was administered to groups 2 and 3 at 19 days of gestation. Two hours after the first injection, a second injection of NS was administered intravenously to group 1 (NS + NS), of IVIG was administered intravenously to group 2 (LPS + IVIG), and of NS was administered intravenously to group 3 (LPS + NS). Hysterectomy was performed in one-half of the dams 2 hours after the second injection and in the other one-half of the dams 22 hours after the second injection. Pups were delivered, and the brains were extracted just after delivery. IL-1β expression and caspase 3 activity were determined in brain tissues. RESULTS For the pups at 4 hours, the IL-1β expression of group 2 was significantly lower than groups 1 and 3. For the pups at 24 hours, the IL-1β expression of group 2 was significantly lower than group 3 but was similar to group 1. For the pups at 24 hours, caspase 3 activity of groups 1 and 2 were significantly lower than group 3. CONCLUSION Maternal IVIG administration decreased IL-1β expression and caspase 3 activity in the brain tissue of rat pups, which had been induced by maternal LPS-administration.
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Liu F, Mccullough LD. Inflammatory responses in hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2013; 34:1121-30. [PMID: 23892271 PMCID: PMC3764334 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2013.89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2013] [Accepted: 06/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation plays a critical role in mediating brain injury induced by neonatal hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE). The mechanisms underlying inflammatory responses to ischemia may be shared by neonatal and adult brains; however, HIE exhibits a unique inflammation phenotype that results from the immaturity of the neonatal immune system. This review will discuss the current knowledge concerning systemic and local inflammatory responses in the acute and subacute stages of HIE. The key components of inflammation, including immune cells, adhesion molecules, cytokines, chemokines and oxidative stress, will be reviewed, and the differences between neonatal and adult inflammatory responses to cerebral ischemic injury will also be discussed.
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