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Penman SL, Roeder NM, Wang J, Richardson BJ, Pareek O, Freeman-Striegel L, Mohr P, Khan A, Eiden RD, Chakraborty S, Thanos PK. Vaporized nicotine in utero results in reduced birthweight, increased locomotion, and decreased voluntary exercise, dependent on sex and diet in offspring. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2024; 241:1857-1882. [PMID: 38733527 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-024-06602-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Rationale Clinical research has shown that prenatal exposure to nicotine may result in increased obesity risk later in life. Preclinical research has corroborated this finding, but few studies have investigated inhaled nicotine or the interaction with diet on obesity risk. Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of prenatal nicotine exposure on both direct and indirect obesity measures, with both sex and diet as factors. Methods Pregnant rats were exposed to either vehicle or nicotine vapor (24 mg/mL or 59 mg/mL) throughout the entire gestational period. Offspring from each treatment group were given either a normal diet or a high fat diet starting at postnatal day 22. Caloric intake, body weight, spontaneous locomotion, sleep/wake activity, and voluntary exercise were measured throughout adolescence. Pregnancy weight gain and pup birthweights were collected to further measure developmental effects of prenatal nicotine exposure. Results Both maternal weight gain during pregnancy and pup weight at birth were decreased with prenatal nicotine exposure. Early adolescent males showed increased spontaneous activity in the open field following prenatal nicotine exposure compared to vehicle counterparts, particularly those given high-fat diet. Additionally, high dose nicotine prenatal treated males ran significantly less distance on the running wheel in late adolescence compared to vehicle counterparts, in the normal diet group only. Conclusion The results presented here show decreased birthweight, hyperactivity, and decreased voluntary exercise in adolescence following prenatal nicotine exposure in dose, sex, and diet dependent manners, which could lead to increased obesity risk in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha L Penman
- Behavioral Neuropharmacology and Neuroimaging Laboratory on Addictions (BNNLA), Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Clinical Research Institute on Addictions, University at Buffalo, 1021 Main Street, Buffalo, NY, 14203-1016, USA
| | - Nicole M Roeder
- Behavioral Neuropharmacology and Neuroimaging Laboratory on Addictions (BNNLA), Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Clinical Research Institute on Addictions, University at Buffalo, 1021 Main Street, Buffalo, NY, 14203-1016, USA
- Department of Psychology, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Jia Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Brittany J Richardson
- Behavioral Neuropharmacology and Neuroimaging Laboratory on Addictions (BNNLA), Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Clinical Research Institute on Addictions, University at Buffalo, 1021 Main Street, Buffalo, NY, 14203-1016, USA
| | - Ojas Pareek
- Behavioral Neuropharmacology and Neuroimaging Laboratory on Addictions (BNNLA), Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Clinical Research Institute on Addictions, University at Buffalo, 1021 Main Street, Buffalo, NY, 14203-1016, USA
| | - Lily Freeman-Striegel
- Behavioral Neuropharmacology and Neuroimaging Laboratory on Addictions (BNNLA), Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Clinical Research Institute on Addictions, University at Buffalo, 1021 Main Street, Buffalo, NY, 14203-1016, USA
| | - Patrick Mohr
- Behavioral Neuropharmacology and Neuroimaging Laboratory on Addictions (BNNLA), Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Clinical Research Institute on Addictions, University at Buffalo, 1021 Main Street, Buffalo, NY, 14203-1016, USA
| | - Anas Khan
- Behavioral Neuropharmacology and Neuroimaging Laboratory on Addictions (BNNLA), Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Clinical Research Institute on Addictions, University at Buffalo, 1021 Main Street, Buffalo, NY, 14203-1016, USA
| | - Rina D Eiden
- Department of Psychology, Social Science Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16801, USA
| | - Saptarshi Chakraborty
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Panayotis K Thanos
- Behavioral Neuropharmacology and Neuroimaging Laboratory on Addictions (BNNLA), Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Clinical Research Institute on Addictions, University at Buffalo, 1021 Main Street, Buffalo, NY, 14203-1016, USA.
- Department of Psychology, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA.
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Wells AC, Lotfipour S. Prenatal nicotine exposure during pregnancy results in adverse neurodevelopmental alterations and neurobehavioral deficits. ADVANCES IN DRUG AND ALCOHOL RESEARCH 2023; 3:11628. [PMID: 38389806 PMCID: PMC10880762 DOI: 10.3389/adar.2023.11628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Maternal tobacco use and nicotine exposure during pregnancy have been associated with adverse birth outcomes in infants and can lead to preventable pregnancy complications. Exposure to nicotine and other compounds in tobacco and electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) has been shown to increases the risk of miscarriage, prematurity, stillbirth, low birth weight, perinatal morbidity, and sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). Additionally, recent data provided by clinical and pre-clinical research demonstrates that nicotine exposure during pregnancy may heighten the risk for adverse neurodevelopmental disorders such as Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity (ADHD), anxiety, and depression along with altering the infants underlying brain circuitry, response to neurotransmitters, and brain volume. In the United States, one in 14 women (7.2%) reported to have smoked cigarettes during their pregnancy with the global prevalence of smoking during pregnancy estimated to be 1.7%. Approximately 1.1% of women in the United States also reported to have used e-cigarettes during the last 3 months of pregnancy. Due to the large percentage of women utilizing nicotine products during pregnancy in the United States and globally, this review seeks to centralize pre-clinical and clinical studies focused on the neurobehavioral and neurodevelopmental complications associated with prenatal nicotine exposure (PNE) such as alterations to the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and brain regions such as the prefrontal cortex (PFC), ventral tegmental area (VTA), nucleus accumbens (NA), hippocampus, and caudate as well as changes to nAChR and cholinergic receptor signaling, long-term drug seeking behavior following PNE, and other related developmental disorders. Current literature analyzing the association between PNE and the risk for offspring developing schizophrenia, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), autism spectrum disorder (ASD), anxiety, and obesity will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia C Wells
- School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Shahrdad Lotfipour
- School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
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Nicotine exposure during breastfeeding alters the expression of endocannabinoid system biomarkers in female but not in male offspring at adulthood. J Dev Orig Health Dis 2023; 14:415-425. [PMID: 36815400 DOI: 10.1017/s2040174423000028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Early nicotine exposure compromises offspring's phenotype at long-term in both sexes. We hypothesize that offspring exposed to nicotine during breastfeeding show deregulated central and peripheral endocannabinoid system (ECS), compromising several aspects of their metabolism. Lactating rats received nicotine (NIC, 6 mg/Kg/day) or saline from postnatal day (PND) 2 to 16 through implanted osmotic minipumps. Offspring were analyzed at PND180. We evaluated protein expression of N-acylphosphatidylethanolamide-phospholipase D (NAPE-PLD), fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH), diacylglycerol lipase (DAGL), monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) and cannabinoid receptors (CB1 and/or CB2) in lateral hypothalamus, paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus, liver, visceral adipose tissue (VAT), adrenal and thyroid. NIC offspring from both sexes did not show differences in hypothalamic ECS markers. Peripheral ECS markers showed no alterations in NIC males. In contrast, NIC females had lower liver DAGL and CB1, higher VAT DAGL, higher adrenal NAPE-PLD and higher thyroid FAAH. Endocannabinoids biosynthesis was affected by nicotine exposure during breastfeeding only in females; alterations in peripheral tissues suggest lower action in liver and higher action in VAT, adrenal and thyroid. Effects of nicotine exposure during lactation on ECS markers are sex- and tissue-dependent. This characterization helps understanding the phenotype of the adult offspring in this model and may contribute to the development of new pharmacological targets for the treatment of several metabolic diseases that originate during development.
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He B, Zhang Q, Guo Y, Ao Y, Tie K, Xiao H, Chen L, Xu D, Wang H. Prenatal smoke (Nicotine) exposure and offspring's metabolic disease susceptibility in adulthood. Food Chem Toxicol 2022; 168:113384. [PMID: 36041661 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2022.113384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to smoking (nicotine) during pregnancy not only directly affects fetal development, but also increases susceptibility to metabolic diseases in adulthood, but the mechanism of action remains unclear. Here, we review epidemiological and laboratory studies linking these relationships. In addition to the direct effect of nicotine on the fetus, intrauterine neuroendocrine-metabolic programming mediated by maternal glucocorticoid overexposure also plays an important role, involving glucocorticoid-insulin-like growth factor 1 (GC-IGF1) axis, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, renin-angiotensin system (RAS) and other endocrine systems. Epigenetics is involved in intrauterine neuroendocrine-metabolic programming, metabolic disease susceptibility and multigenerational inheritance. There are "two programming" and "two strikes" mechanisms for the occurrence of fetal-originated metabolic diseases in adulthood. These innovative research summaries and academic viewpoints provide experimental and theoretical basis for systematically elucidating the occurrence and development of fetal-originated metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo He
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medical School of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medical School of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China; Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Yu Guo
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medical School of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China; Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Ying Ao
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medical School of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China; Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Kai Tie
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China; Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Hao Xiao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China; Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Liaobin Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China; Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Dan Xu
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan, 430071, China; Department of Pharmacy, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China.
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medical School of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China; Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan, 430071, China.
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Zhang Z, Jiao Z, Blaha MJ, Osei A, Sidhaye V, Ramanathan M, Biswal S. The Association Between E-Cigarette Use and Prediabetes: Results From the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 2016-2018. Am J Prev Med 2022; 62:872-877. [PMID: 35597566 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2021.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Both E-cigarette use and the prevalence of prediabetes have risen dramatically in the past decade. It is crucial to understand whether E-cigarette use is associated with the risk of prediabetes. METHODS Participants who completed the prediabetes and E-cigarette modules of the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System survey (2016-2018) were included in this study. E-cigarette use information was collected by asking: Have you ever used an e-cigarette or other electronic "vaping" product, even just one time, in your entire life? We defined sole E-cigarette users as current E-cigarette users who are never combustible-cigarette users, and dual users were defined as both current E-cigarette and combustible-cigarette users. Participants with prediabetes were identified by asking: Ever been told by a doctor or other health professional that you have prediabetes or borderline diabetes? Multivariable logistic regression was used to determine the association between E-cigarette use and prediabetes. RESULTS Among the 600,046 respondents, 28.6% of respondents were aged <35 years. The prevalence of prediabetes among current E-cigarette, sole E-cigarette users, and dual users was 9.0% (95% CI=8.6, 9.4), 5.9% (95% CI=5.3, 6.5), and 10.2% (95% CI=9.8, 10.7), respectively. In the fully adjusted model, the ORs for prediabetes were 1.22 (95% CI=1.10, 1.37) for current E-cigarette users and 1.12 (95% CI=1.05, 1.19) for former E-cigarette users compared with that of never E-cigarette users. The ORs for prediabetes were 1.54 (95% CI=1.17, 2.04) for sole E-cigarette users and 1.14 (95% CI=0.97, 1.34) for dual users. CONCLUSIONS In this representative sample of U.S. adults, E-cigarette use was associated with greater odds of prediabetes. The results were consistent in sole E-cigarette users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu Zhang
- Department of Global Health, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing, China; Institute for Global Health and Development, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhihua Jiao
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Michael J Blaha
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Albert Osei
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Venkataramana Sidhaye
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | | | - Shyam Biswal
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland.
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Heindel JJ, Howard S, Agay-Shay K, Arrebola JP, Audouze K, Babin PJ, Barouki R, Bansal A, Blanc E, Cave MC, Chatterjee S, Chevalier N, Choudhury M, Collier D, Connolly L, Coumoul X, Garruti G, Gilbertson M, Hoepner LA, Holloway AC, Howell G, Kassotis CD, Kay MK, Kim MJ, Lagadic-Gossmann D, Langouet S, Legrand A, Li Z, Le Mentec H, Lind L, Monica Lind P, Lustig RH, Martin-Chouly C, Munic Kos V, Podechard N, Roepke TA, Sargis RM, Starling A, Tomlinson CR, Touma C, Vondracek J, Vom Saal F, Blumberg B. Obesity II: Establishing causal links between chemical exposures and obesity. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 199:115015. [PMID: 35395240 PMCID: PMC9124454 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a multifactorial disease with both genetic and environmental components. The prevailing view is that obesity results from an imbalance between energy intake and expenditure caused by overeating and insufficient exercise. We describe another environmental element that can alter the balance between energy intake and energy expenditure: obesogens. Obesogens are a subset of environmental chemicals that act as endocrine disruptors affecting metabolic endpoints. The obesogen hypothesis posits that exposure to endocrine disruptors and other chemicals can alter the development and function of the adipose tissue, liver, pancreas, gastrointestinal tract, and brain, thus changing the set point for control of metabolism. Obesogens can determine how much food is needed to maintain homeostasis and thereby increase the susceptibility to obesity. The most sensitive time for obesogen action is in utero and early childhood, in part via epigenetic programming that can be transmitted to future generations. This review explores the evidence supporting the obesogen hypothesis and highlights knowledge gaps that have prevented widespread acceptance as a contributor to the obesity pandemic. Critically, the obesogen hypothesis changes the narrative from curing obesity to preventing obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerrold J Heindel
- Healthy Environment and Endocrine Disruptor Strategies, Commonweal, Bolinas, CA 92924, USA.
| | - Sarah Howard
- Healthy Environment and Endocrine Disruptor Strategies, Commonweal, Bolinas, CA 92924, USA
| | - Keren Agay-Shay
- Health and Environment Research (HER) Lab, The Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar Ilan University, Israel
| | - Juan P Arrebola
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Karine Audouze
- Department of Systems Biology and Bioinformatics, University of Paris, INSERM, T3S, Paris France
| | - Patrick J Babin
- Department of Life and Health Sciences, University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Pessac France
| | - Robert Barouki
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Paris, INSERM, T3S, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Amita Bansal
- College of Health & Medicine, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Etienne Blanc
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Paris, INSERM, T3S, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Matthew C Cave
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40402, USA
| | - Saurabh Chatterjee
- Environmental Health and Disease Laboratory, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Nicolas Chevalier
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Cote d'Azur, Cote d'Azur, France
| | - Mahua Choudhury
- College of Pharmacy, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - David Collier
- Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA
| | - Lisa Connolly
- The Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Xavier Coumoul
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Paris, INSERM, T3S, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Gabriella Garruti
- Department of Endocrinology, University of Bari "Aldo Moro," Bari, Italy
| | - Michael Gilbertson
- Occupational and Environmental Health Research Group, University of Stirling, Stirling, Scotland
| | - Lori A Hoepner
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA
| | - Alison C Holloway
- McMaster University, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hamilton, Ontario, CA, USA
| | - George Howell
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA
| | - Christopher D Kassotis
- Institute of Environmental Health Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Mathew K Kay
- College of Pharmacy, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Min Ji Kim
- Sorbonne Paris Nord University, Bobigny, INSERM U1124 (T3S), Paris, France
| | | | - Sophie Langouet
- Univ Rennes, INSERM EHESP, IRSET UMR_5S 1085, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Antoine Legrand
- Sorbonne Paris Nord University, Bobigny, INSERM U1124 (T3S), Paris, France
| | - Zhuorui Li
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Helene Le Mentec
- Sorbonne Paris Nord University, Bobigny, INSERM U1124 (T3S), Paris, France
| | - Lars Lind
- Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - P Monica Lind
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Robert H Lustig
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | | | - Vesna Munic Kos
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institute, Solna, Sweden
| | - Normand Podechard
- Sorbonne Paris Nord University, Bobigny, INSERM U1124 (T3S), Paris, France
| | - Troy A Roepke
- Department of Animal Science, School of Environmental and Biological Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Robert M Sargis
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Il 60612, USA
| | - Anne Starling
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Craig R Tomlinson
- Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA
| | - Charbel Touma
- Sorbonne Paris Nord University, Bobigny, INSERM U1124 (T3S), Paris, France
| | - Jan Vondracek
- Department of Cytokinetics, Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Frederick Vom Saal
- Division of Biological Sciences, The University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Bruce Blumberg
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
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Blaskovic S, Donati Y, Ruchonnet-Metrailler I, Avila Y, Schittny D, Schlepütz CM, Schittny JC, Barazzone-Argiroffo C. Early life exposure to nicotine modifies lung gene response after elastase-induced emphysema. Respir Res 2022; 23:44. [PMID: 35241086 PMCID: PMC8895880 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-022-01956-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is among the top 5 causes of mortality in the world and can develop as a consequence of genetic and/or environmental factors. Current efforts are focused on identifying early life insults and how these contribute to COPD development. In line with this, our study focuses on the influence of early life nicotine exposure and its potential impact on (a) lung pulmonary functions, and (b) elastase-induced emphysema in adulthood.
Methods To address this hypothesis, we developed a model of 2 hits, delivered at different time points: mouse pups were first exposed to nicotine/placebo in utero and during lactation, and then subsequently received elastase/placebo at the age of 11 weeks. The effect of nicotine pretreatment and elastase instillation was assessed by (a) measurement of pulmonary function at post-elastase day (ped) 21, and (b) transcriptomic profiling at ped3 and 21, and complementary protein determination. Statistical significance was determined by 3- and 2-way ANOVA for pulmonary functions, and RNAseq results were analyzed using the R project.
Results We did not observe any impact of nicotine pre- and early post-natal exposure compared to control samples on lung pulmonary functions in adulthood, as measured by FLEXIVENT technology. After elastase instillation, substantial lung damage was detected by x-ray tomography and was accompanied by loss in body weight at ped3 as well as an increase in cell numbers, inflammatory markers in BAL and lung volume at ped21. Lung functions showed a decrease in elastance and an increase in deep inflation volume and pressure volume (pv) loop area in animals with emphysema at ped21. Nicotine had no effect on elastance and deep inflation volume, but did affect the pv loop area in animals with emphysema at ped21. Extensive transcriptomic changes were induced by elastase at ped3 both in the nicotine-pretreated and the control samples, with several pathways common to both groups, such as for cell cycle, DNA adhesion and DNA damage. Nicotine pretreatment affected the number of lymphocytes present in BAL after elastase instillation and some of the complement pathway related proteins, arguing for a slight modification of the immune response, as well as changes related to general body metabolism. The majority of elastase-induced transcriptomic changes detected at ped3 had disappeared at ped21. In addition, transcriptomic profiling singled out a common gene pool that was independently activated by nicotine and elastase. Conclusions Our study reports a broad spectrum of transient transcriptomic changes in mouse emphysema and identifies nicotine as influencing the emphysema-associated immune system response. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12931-022-01956-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanja Blaskovic
- Department of Pediatrics, Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 4 rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil, 1211, Genève 14, Switzerland.,Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Institute of Anatomy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Yves Donati
- Department of Pediatrics, Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 4 rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil, 1211, Genève 14, Switzerland.,Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Isabelle Ruchonnet-Metrailler
- Department of Pediatrics, Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 4 rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil, 1211, Genève 14, Switzerland.,Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Yannick Avila
- Department of Pediatrics, Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 4 rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil, 1211, Genève 14, Switzerland.,Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | - Constance Barazzone-Argiroffo
- Department of Pediatrics, Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 4 rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil, 1211, Genève 14, Switzerland. .,Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
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Chi Y, Wang X, Jia J, Huang T. Smoking Status and Type 2 Diabetes, and Cardiovascular Disease: A Comprehensive Analysis of Shared Genetic Etiology and Causal Relationship. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:809445. [PMID: 35250867 PMCID: PMC8894600 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.809445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to explore shared genetic etiology and the causality between smoking status and type 2 diabetes (T2D), cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), and related metabolic traits. METHODS Using summary statistics from publicly available genome-wide association studies (GWASs), we estimated genetic correlations between smoking status and T2D, 6 major CVDs, and 8 related metabolic traits with linkage disequilibrium score regression (LDSC) analysis; identified shared genetic loci with large-scale genome-wide cross-trait meta-analysis; explored potential shared biological mechanisms with a series of post-GWAS analyses; and determined causality with Mendelian randomization (MR). RESULTS We found significant positive genetic associations with smoking status for T2D (Rg = 0.170, p = 9.39 × 10-22), coronary artery disease (CAD) (Rg = 0.234, p = 1.96 × 10-27), myocardial infarction (MI) (Rg = 0.226, p = 1.08 × 10-17), and heart failure (HF) (Rg = 0.276, p = 8.43 × 10-20). Cross-trait meta-analysis and transcriptome-wide association analysis of smoking status identified 210 loci (32 novel loci) and 354 gene-tissue pairs jointly associated with T2D, 63 loci (12 novel loci) and 37 gene-tissue pairs with CAD, 38 loci (6 novel loci) and 17 gene-tissue pairs with MI, and 28 loci (3 novel loci) and one gene-tissue pair with HF. The shared loci were enriched in the exo-/endocrine, cardiovascular, nervous, digestive, and genital systems. Furthermore, we observed that smoking status was causally related to a higher risk of T2D (β = 0.385, p = 3.31 × 10-3), CAD (β = 0.670, p = 7.86 × 10-11), MI (β = 0.725, p = 2.32 × 10-9), and HF (β = 0.520, p = 1.53 × 10-6). CONCLUSIONS Our findings provide strong evidence on shared genetic etiology and causal associations between smoking status and T2D, CAD, MI, and HF, underscoring the potential shared biological mechanisms underlying the link between smoking and T2D and CVDs. This work opens up a new way of more effective and timely prevention of smoking-related T2D and CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanna Chi
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xinpei Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jinzhu Jia
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Center for Statistical Science, Peking University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Jinzhu Jia, ; Tao Huang,
| | - Tao Huang
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Department of Global Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Jinzhu Jia, ; Tao Huang,
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Al-Sawalha NA, Bdeir R, Sohaib A, Saad M, Inghaimesh T, Khabour OF, Alzoubi KH, Shihadeh A. Effect of E-cigarettes aerosol exposure during lactation in rats: Hormonal and biochemical aspects. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2021; 88:103759. [PMID: 34695539 PMCID: PMC8957699 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2021.103759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) have been marketed as a less lethal substitute for smoking traditional cigarettes. This study aims to investigate the impact of e-cigarettes aerosol exposure on lactating dams and pups, whose dams were exposed. Lactating dams received fresh air (control) or e-cigarettes aerosol during lactation (day 4-21). Maternal exposure to e-cigarettes aerosol during lactation induced significant reduction (P < 0.0001) in the fat content of the milk and serum Leptin level (P < 0.005) compared to control dams. Furthermore, pups whose dams were exposed to e-cigarettes during lactation showed an increased level of glucose, thyroxine and decreased level of insulin. The exposure to e-cigarettes aerosol during lactation altered the composition of milk as well as the hormonal and biochemical profile in dams and pups. This result, if observed in women using e-cigarettes, suggests that e-cigarettes' use during lactation may have consequences on the milk production and hormonal and biochemical profile in breastfeeding mothers and nursing babies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nour A Al-Sawalha
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan.
| | - Roba Bdeir
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jadara University, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Aiman Sohaib
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jadara University, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Marwan Saad
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Tasneem Inghaimesh
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Omar F Khabour
- Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Karem H Alzoubi
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmacotherapeutics, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE; Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Alan Shihadeh
- Mechanical Engineering Department, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon; Center for the Study of Tobacco Products, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
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Malhab LJB, Saber-Ayad MM, Al-Hakm R, Nair VA, Paliogiannis P, Pintus G, Abdel-Rahman WM. Chronic Inflammation and Cancer: The Role of Endothelial Dysfunction and Vascular Inflammation. Curr Pharm Des 2021; 27:2156-2169. [PMID: 33655853 DOI: 10.2174/1381612827666210303143442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Long-lasting subclinical inflammation is associated with a wide range of human diseases, particularly at a middle and older age. Recent reports showed that there is a direct causal link between inflammation and cancer development, as several cancers were found to be associated with chronic inflammatory conditions. In patients with cancer, healthy endothelial cells regulate vascular homeostasis, and it is believed that they can limit tumor growth, invasiveness, and metastasis. Conversely, dysfunctional endothelial cells that have been exposed to the inflammatory tumor microenvironment can support cancer progression and metastasis. Dysfunctional endothelial cells can exert these effects via diverse mechanisms, including dysregulated adhesion, permeability, and activation of NF-κB and STAT3 signaling. In this review, we highlight the role of vascular inflammation in predisposition to cancer within the context of two common disease risk factors: obesity and smoking. In addition, we discuss the molecular triggers, pathophysiological mechanisms, and the biological consequences of vascular inflammation during cancer development and metastasis. Finally, we summarize the current therapies and pharmacological agents that target vascular inflammation and endothelial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara J Bou Malhab
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Maha M Saber-Ayad
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ranyah Al-Hakm
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Vidhya A Nair
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Panagiotis Paliogiannis
- Department of Medical, Surgical, and Experimental Surgery, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 43,07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Pintus
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Wael M Abdel-Rahman
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
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11
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Impact of the exposome on the development and function of pancreatic β-cells. Mol Aspects Med 2021; 87:100965. [PMID: 33965231 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2021.100965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The development and plasticity of the endocrine pancreas responds to both the intrauterine and postnatal exposome in a constant attempt to predict and respond to alterations in nutritional availability and metabolic requirements. Both under- and over-nutrition in utero, or exposure to adverse environmental pollutants or maternal behaviors, can each lead to altered β-cell or function at birth, and a subsequent mismatch in pancreatic hormonal demands and secretory capacity postnatally. This can be further exacerbated by metabolic stress postnatally such as from obesity or pregnancy, resulting in an increased risk of gestational diabetes, type 2 diabetes, and even type 1 diabetes. This review will discuss evidence identifying the cellular pathways in early life whereby the plasticity of the endocrine pancreatic can become pathologically limited. By necessity, much of this evidence has been gained from animal models, although extrapolation to human fetal development is possible from the fetal growth trajectory and study of the newborn. Cellular limitations to plasticity include the balance between β-cell proliferation and apoptosis, the appearance of β-cell oxidative stress, impaired glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, and sensitivity to circulating cytokines and responsiveness to programmed death receptor-1. Evidence suggests that many of the cellular pathways responsible for limiting β-cell plasticity are related to paracrine interactions within the islets of Langerhans.
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12
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Neonatal nicotine exposure changes insulin status in fat depots: sex-related differences. J Dev Orig Health Dis 2021; 13:252-262. [PMID: 33818369 DOI: 10.1017/s2040174421000131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Nicotine is the main psychoactive substance present in cigarette smoke that is transferred to the baby by breast milk. In rats, maternal nicotine exposure during breastfeeding induces obesogenesis and hormone dysfunctions in adult male offspring. As glucocorticoid (GC), insulin, and vitamin D change both adipogenesis and lipogenesis processes, we assessed parameters related to metabolism and action of these hormones in visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissues (VAT and SAT) of adult male and female rats in a model of neonatal nicotine exposure. At postnatal (PN) day 2, dams were kept with six pups (three per sex) and divided into nicotine and control groups for implantation of osmotic minipumps that released 6 mg/kg nicotine or saline, respectively. At PN180, fat mass, hormone levels, and protein contents of biomarkers of the GC activation and receptor (11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 and glucocorticoid receptor alpha), insulin signaling pathway [insulin receptor beta (IRβ), phosphorylated insulin receptor substrate 1, insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1), phosphorylated serine/threonine kinase (pAKT), serine/threonine kinase, glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT4)], and vitamin D activation and receptor (1α-hydroxylase and vitamin D receptor) were evaluated. While nicotine-exposed males showed increased fat mass, hypercorticosteronemia, hyperinsulinemia, and higher 25-hydroxyvitamin D, these alterations were not observed in nicotine-exposed females. Nicotine-exposed males only showed lower IRS1 in VAT, while the females had hyperglycemia, higher pAKT in VAT, while lower IRβ, IRS1, and GLUT4 in SAT. Parameters related to metabolism and action of GC and vitamin D were unaltered in both sexes. We evidence that exposure exclusively to nicotine during breastfeeding affects the hormone status and fat depots of the adult progeny in a sex-dependent manner.
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Pietrobon CB, Lisboa PC, Bertasso IM, Peixoto TC, Soares PN, de Oliveira E, Rabelo K, de Carvalho JJ, Manhães AC, de Moura EG. Pancreatic steatosis in adult rats induced by nicotine exposure during breastfeeding. Endocrine 2021; 72:104-115. [PMID: 33420949 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-020-02579-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Maternal nicotine exposure negatively impacts offspring's health and metabolism, leading to obesity and insulin resistance. Here we investigated the pancreatic islet function, glycemic homeostasis, and insulin signaling in adult rat offspring that were nicotine-exposed during breastfeeding. METHODS For this, lactating Wistar rat dams were divided into two groups: Nicotine (implanted with osmotic minipumps containing 6 mg/Kg, NIC) and Control (saline, CON). Solutions were released from postnatal (PN) day 2-16. At PN110 and PN170, 10 offspring per litter/sex/group were submitted to the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). PN180 offspring were killed and glycemia, insulinemia, adiponectinemia, pancreas morphology as well as pancreatic islet protein expression (related to insulin secretion) and skeletal muscle (related to insulin action) were evaluated. Males and females were compared to their respective controls. RESULTS Adult NIC offspring of both sexes showed glucose intolerance in the OGTT. Despite normoglycemia, NIC males showed hyperinsulinemia while females, although normoinsulinemic, had hyperglycemia. Both sexes showed increased IRI, reduced adiponectin/visceral fat mass ratio and higher ectopic deposition of lipids in the pancreatic tissue adipocytes. In pancreatic islets, NIC males showed lower PDX-1 expression while females had higher PDX-1 and GLUT2 expressions plus lower α2 adrenergic receptor. In the muscle, NIC offspring of both sexes showed reduction of GLUT4 expression; NIC males also had lower insulin receptor and pAKT expressions. CONCLUSIONS Thus, glycemic homeostasis and peripheral insulin signaling in adult offspring of both sexes are affected by nicotine exposure through the milk, increasing the risk for type 2 diabetes development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Bruna Pietrobon
- Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology, Institute of Biology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Cristina Lisboa
- Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology, Institute of Biology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Iala Milene Bertasso
- Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology, Institute of Biology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Thamara Cherem Peixoto
- Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology, Institute of Biology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Novaes Soares
- Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology, Institute of Biology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Elaine de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology, Institute of Biology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Kíssila Rabelo
- Laboratory of Ultrastructure and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Jorge José de Carvalho
- Laboratory of Ultrastructure and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Alex Christian Manhães
- Neurophysiology Laboratory, Institute of Biology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Egberto Gaspar de Moura
- Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology, Institute of Biology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Al-Sawalha NA, Gaugazeh HT, Alzoubi KH, Khabour OF. Maternal waterpipe tobacco smoke exposure during lactation induces hormonal and biochemical changes in rat dams and offspring. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2021; 128:315-321. [PMID: 32946675 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.13493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Waterpipe smoking is common among pregnant and breastfeeding women. Herein, the effects of waterpipe tobacco smoke (WTS) exposure during lactation on milk composition, hormonal levels and biochemical profile in dams and pups were investigated. Lactating Wistar rats were randomly assigned to receive either WTS (2 hours per day) or fresh air (control group). Milk was collected on day 21 and analysed for protein, lactose and total fat. Blood, from dams and pups, was analysed for insulin, glucose, lipid profile, leptin, prolactin and corticosterone. WTS exposure during lactation increased the blood level of HDL and corticosterone in dams (P < .05). However, the level of milk lactose and blood glucose was reduced in dams after the exposure to WTS during lactation (P < .05). WTS during lactation significantly increased levels of triglycerides, LDL and leptin (P < .05), and a trend of increase in blood level of nicotine and prolactin in pups. Levels of other parameters were not affected by WTS exposure in dams and pups. In conclusion, WTS exposure during lactation altered the milk composition and altered lipid profile, glucose homeostasis and hormonal levels in dams and pups. It is necessary to adopt strategies to enhance tobacco cessation during breastfeeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nour A Al-Sawalha
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Hasanh T Gaugazeh
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Karem H Alzoubi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Omar F Khabour
- Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
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15
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Li GL, Ping J, Chen HJ, Zhang WX, Fan J, Peng DS, Zhang L, Yan YE. Maternal nicotine exposure impairs brown adipose tissue via AMPK-SIRT1-PGC-1α signals in male offspring. Life Sci 2021; 264:118695. [PMID: 33130079 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Maternal nicotine exposure during pregnancy and lactation is associated with obesity in offspring. Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is correlated with energy metabolism and obesity. In this study, we explored the mechanism of maternal nicotine exposure on BAT changes in male offspring. MAIN METHODS Pregnant rats were randomly assigned to nicotine (1.0 mg/kg twice per day, subcutaneous administration) or control groups. In vitro, C3H10T1/2 cells were induced to differentiate into mature brown adipocytes, and 0-50 μM nicotine was given to C3H10T1/2 cells during the differentiation process. KEY FINDINGS Nicotine-exposed males had white-like adipocytes and abnormal mitochondria structure in iBAT at 26 weeks. The expression of mitochondrial genes, UCP1 and AMPK-SIRT1-PGC-1α pathway were downregulated in the nicotine group at 26 weeks rather than 4 weeks. In vitro, 50 μM nicotine decreased the expression of mitochondrial genes, UCP1 and AMPK-SIRT1-PGC-1α pathway in brown adipocytes. SIGNIFICANCE Maternal nicotine exposure showed the "programming" effect on the decreased brown-like phenotype in BAT of adult male offspring via downregulating AMPK-SIRT1-PGC-1α pathway. This impairment of BAT may be a potential mechanism of nicotine-induced obesity in male offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gai-Ling Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Jie Ping
- Department of Pharmacology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Hui-Jian Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Wan-Xia Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Jie Fan
- Department of Pharmacology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Dang-Sheng Peng
- Department of Pharmacology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Demonstration Center for Experimental Basic Medicine Education of Wuhan University, China
| | - You-E Yan
- Department of Pharmacology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China.
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Chen HJ, Li GL, Zhang WX, Fan J, Hu L, Zhang L, Zhang J, Yan YE. Maternal nicotine exposure during pregnancy and lactation induces brown adipose tissue whitening in female offspring. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2020; 409:115298. [PMID: 33091441 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2020.115298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Maternal nicotine exposure during pregnancy and lactation is associated with obesity in female offspring. Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is related to energy metabolism and obesity. In this study, we explored the mechanism of maternal nicotine exposure on BAT "whitening" in female offspring. Pregnant rats were randomly assigned to nicotine (1.0 mg/kg twice per day, subcutaneous administration) or control groups. The weight, structure, and microvascular density of interscapular BAT (iBAT) and the expression of PGC-1αUCP1 signals, mitochondrial biogenesis-related genes and angiogenesis-related genes were tested in 4- and 26-week-aged female offspring. In vitro, C3H10T1/2 cells were induced to differentiate into mature brown adipocytes, and 0-50 μM nicotine was treated on cells during the differentiation process. Nicotine-exposed females had higher iBAT weight, white-like adipocytes and abnormal mitochondrial structure in iBAT at 26 weeks rather than 4 weeks. The PGC-1αUCP1 signals and brown-like genes were down-regulated at 26 weeks, but the microvascular density and the expression of pro-angiogenic factors reduced more at 4 weeks in the nicotine group. In vitro, 50 μM nicotine significantly decreased the expression of PGC-1αUCP1 signals and angiogenesis-related genes. In conclusion, maternal nicotine exposure during pregnancy and lactation led to the "whitening" of BAT in adult female offspring: nicotine decreased BAT angiogenesis in the early development stage, and then, the impairment of blood vessels programed for the reduction of BAT phenotype through down-regulating the PGC-1αUCP1 signals in adulthood. This impairment of BAT may be a potential mechanism of nicotine-induced obesity in female offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Jian Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Gai-Ling Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Wan-Xia Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Jie Fan
- Department of Pharmacology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Li Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Demonstration Center for Experimental Basic Medicine Education, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Center for Animal Experiment/Animal Biosafety Level 3 Laboratory, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - You-E Yan
- Department of Pharmacology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China.
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Electronic Cigarette Use and Metabolic Syndrome Development: A Critical Review. TOXICS 2020; 8:toxics8040105. [PMID: 33212878 PMCID: PMC7711672 DOI: 10.3390/toxics8040105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The metabolic syndrome is a combination of several metabolic disorders, such as cardiovascular disease, atherosclerosis, and type 2 diabetes. Lifestyle modifications, including quitting smoking, are recommended to reduce the risk of metabolic syndrome and its associated complications. Not much research has been conducted in the field of e-cigarettes and the risk of metabolic syndrome. Furthermore, taking into account the influence of e-cigarettes vaping on the individual components of metabolic syndrome, i.e, abdominal obesity, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia and elevated arterial blood pressure, the results are also ambiguous. This article is a review and summary of existing reports on the impact of e-cigarettes on the development of metabolic syndrome as well as its individual components. A critical review for English language articles published until 30 June 2020 was made, using a PubMed (including MEDLINE), Cochrane, CINAHL Plus, and Web of Science data. The current research indicated that e-cigarettes use does not affect the development of insulin resistance, but could influence the level of glucose and pre-diabetic state development. The lipid of profile an increase in the TG level was reported, while the influence on the level of concentration of total cholesterol, LDL fraction, and HDL fraction differed. In most cases, e-cigarettes use increased the risk of developing abdominal obesity or higher arterial blood pressure. Further research is required to provide more evidence on this topic.
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Jamshed L, Perono GA, Jamshed S, Holloway AC. Early Life Exposure to Nicotine: Postnatal Metabolic, Neurobehavioral and Respiratory Outcomes and the Development of Childhood Cancers. Toxicol Sci 2020; 178:3-15. [PMID: 32766841 PMCID: PMC7850035 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfaa127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cigarette smoking during pregnancy is associated with numerous obstetrical, fetal, and developmental complications, as well as an increased risk of adverse health consequences in the adult offspring. Nicotine replacement therapy and electronic nicotine delivery systems (e-cigarettes) have been developed as a pharmacotherapy for smoking cessation and are considered safer alternatives for women to smoke during pregnancy. The safety of nicotine replacement therapy use during pregnancy has been evaluated in a limited number of short-term human trials, but there is currently no information on the long-term effects of developmental nicotine exposure in humans. However, animal studies suggest that nicotine alone may be a key chemical responsible for many of the long-term effects associated with maternal cigarette smoking on the offspring and increases the risk of adverse neurobehavioral outcomes, dysmetabolism, respiratory illness, and cancer. This review will examine the long-term effects of fetal and neonatal nicotine exposure on postnatal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laiba Jamshed
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 3Z5, Canada
| | - Genevieve A Perono
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 3Z5, Canada
| | - Shanza Jamshed
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 3Z5, Canada
| | - Alison C Holloway
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 3Z5, Canada
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Kou H, Gui S, Dai Y, Guo Y, Wang H. Epigenetic repression of AT2 receptor is involved in β cell dysfunction and glucose intolerance of adult female offspring rats exposed to dexamethasone prenatally. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2020; 404:115187. [PMID: 32791177 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2020.115187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Prenatal exposure to dexamethasone (PDE) impairs pancreatic β cell development and glucose homeostasis in offspring especially females. To explore the underlying intrauterine programming mechanism, pregnant Wistar rats were subcutaneously administered with dexamethasone (0, 0.2 and 0.8 mg/kg·d) from gestational days (GD) 9 to 20. Female offspring were collected on GD20 (fetus) and in postnatal week 28 (adult), respectively. PDE reduced the serum insulin levels, β cell mass, and pancreatic insulin expressions in fetuses and adults, causing glucose intolerance after maturity. The persistent suppression of pancreatic angiotensin II receptor type 2 (AT2R) expression before and after birth could be observed in the PDE females, which is accompanied with decreased histone 3 lysine 14 acetylation (H3K14ac) and H3K27ac levels in AT2R promoter. PDE increased the gene expressions of glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2) in fetal pancreas. Furthermore, dexamethasone inhibited insulin biosynthesis while activated GR and HDAC2 expression in the rat INS-1 cells. The AT2R expression was repressed by dexamethasone in vitro but only H3K27ac levels in AT2R promoter were lowered. Dexamethasone enhanced the interaction between GR and HDAC2 proteins as well as the binding of GR/HDAC2 complex to AT2R promoter. Moreover, overexpression of AT2R could restore the suppressed insulin biosynthesis induced by dexamethasone in vitro, and both GR antagonist and histone deacetylase abolished the decreased H3K27ac level and gene expression of AT2R. In conclusion, continuous epigenetic repression of AT2R before and after birth may be involved in β cell dysfunction and glucose intolerance of the PDE adult female offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Kou
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China; Department of Pharmacy, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 40071, China; Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Diseases, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Shuxia Gui
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Yongguo Dai
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Yu Guo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China; Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Diseases, Wuhan 430071, China.
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China; Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Diseases, Wuhan 430071, China.
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20
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Miranda RA, Gaspar de Moura E, Lisboa PC. Tobacco smoking during breastfeeding increases the risk of developing metabolic syndrome in adulthood: Lessons from experimental models. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 144:111623. [PMID: 32738371 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is characterized by increased abdominal fat, dyslipidemia, diabetes mellitus and hypertension. A high MetS prevalence is strongly associated with obesity. Obesity is a public health problem in which several complex factors have been implicated, including environmental pollutants. For instance, maternal smoking seems to play a role in obesogenesis in childhood. Given the association between endocrine disruptors, obesity and metabolic programming, over the past 10 years, our research group has contributed to studies based on the hypothesis that early exposure to nicotine/tobacco causes offspring to become MetS-prone. The mechanism by which tobacco smoking during breastfeeding induces metabolic dysfunctions is not completely understood; however, increased metabolic programming has been shown in studies that focus on this topic. Here, we reviewed the literature mainly based in light of our latest data from experimental models. Nicotine or tobacco exposure during breastfeeding induces several endocrine dysfunctions in a sex- and tissue-specific manner. This review provides an updated summary regarding the hypothesis that early exposure to nicotine/tobacco causes offspring to become MetS-prone. An understanding of this issue can provide support to prevent long-term disorders, mainly related to the risk of obesity and its comorbidities, in future generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosiane A Miranda
- Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology, Department of Physiological Sciences, Roberto Alcantara Gomes Biology Institute, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Egberto Gaspar de Moura
- Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology, Department of Physiological Sciences, Roberto Alcantara Gomes Biology Institute, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Cristina Lisboa
- Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology, Department of Physiological Sciences, Roberto Alcantara Gomes Biology Institute, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
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21
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Lindsay KL, Entringer S, Buss C, Wadhwa PD. Intergenerational transmission of the effects of maternal exposure to childhood maltreatment on offspring obesity risk: A fetal programming perspective. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2020; 116:104659. [PMID: 32240906 PMCID: PMC7293953 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2020.104659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Childhood obesity constitutes a major global public health challenge. A substantial body of evidence suggests that conditions and states experienced by the embryo/fetus in utero can result in structural and functional changes in cells, tissues, organ systems and homeostatic set points related to obesity. Furthermore, growing evidence suggests that maternal conditions and states experienced prior to conception, such as stress, obesity and metabolic dysfunction, may spill over into pregnancy and influence those key aspects of gestational biology that program offspring obesity risk. In this narrative review, we advance a novel hypothesis and life-span framework to propose that maternal exposure to childhood maltreatment may constitute an important and as-yet-underappreciated risk factor implicated in developmental programming of offspring obesity risk via the long-term psychological, biological and behavioral sequelae of childhood maltreatment exposure. In this context, our framework considers the key role of maternal-placental-fetal endocrine, immune and metabolic pathways and also other processes including epigenetics, oocyte mitochondrial biology, and the maternal and infant microbiomes. Finally, our paper discusses future research directions required to elucidate the nature and mechanisms of the intergenerational transmission of the effects of maternal childhood maltreatment on offspring obesity risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen L Lindsay
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, California 92697, U.S.A,Departments of Development, Health and Disease Research Program, University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, California 92697, U.S.A
| | - Sonja Entringer
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, California 92697, U.S.A,Departments of Development, Health and Disease Research Program, University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, California 92697, U.S.A,Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Institute of Medical Psychology
| | - Claudia Buss
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, California 92697, U.S.A,Departments of Development, Health and Disease Research Program, University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, California 92697, U.S.A,Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Institute of Medical Psychology
| | - Pathik D Wadhwa
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, CA 92697, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, CA 92697, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, CA 92697, USA; Department of Epidemiology, University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, CA 92697, USA; UCI Development, Health and Disease Research Program, University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, CA 92697, USA.
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22
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Li Y, Wang D, Wang Y, Zhao Y, Han L, Zhong L, Zhang Q, Speakman JR, Li M, Gao S. Impact of parental smoking on adipokine profiles and cardiometabolic risk factors in Chinese children. Atherosclerosis 2020; 301:23-29. [PMID: 32298844 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2020.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2019] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The mechanisms by which passive smoking leads to cardiometabolic risks, and the tissues involved still require elucidation. We aimed to evaluate the association of parental smoking exposure (PSE) with the secretion of adipocyte-derived hormones and cardiometabolic risk factors in Chinese children. METHODS We included 3150 school children aged 6-18 years from the Beijing Child and Adolescent Metabolic Syndrome (BCAMS) study. Data on PSE and potential confounders were collected. Six adipokines related to insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome (MetS) were measured. RESULTS PSE was reported in nearly two-thirds of the children. After adjusting for covariates, including age, sex, pubertal stages, lifestyle factors, and family history, PSE was independently associated with increases of 39.2% in leptin and 3.9% in retinol binding protein-4 and decreases of 11.4% in fibroblast growth factor 21 and 4.6% in adiponectin levels (p < 0.05 for all), plus risks for central obesity (OR 1.59, 95% CI 1.33-1.90), elevated blood pressure (1.22, 1.02-1.46) and MetS (1.43, 1.11-1.85). However, the associations of PSE with hypertension and MetS were abolished when adjusted for adiposity parameters or the above-mentioned adipokine profiles. CONCLUSIONS PSE was associated with dysregulation of adipokine levels, which might mediate the development of MetS in early life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Li
- Department of Endocrinology, National Health Committee Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Dongmei Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, National Health Committee Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Yuhan Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100043, China
| | - Yanglu Zhao
- Epidemiology Department, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California Los Angeles, LA, 90024, USA
| | - Lanwen Han
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100043, China
| | - Ling Zhong
- Department of Endocrinology, National Health Committee Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, National Health Committee Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - John R Speakman
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China; Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Aberdeen University, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Endocrinology, National Health Committee Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China.
| | - Shan Gao
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100043, China.
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23
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Zagoriti Z, El Mubarak MA, Farsalinos K, Topouzis S. Effects of Exposure to Tobacco Cigarette, Electronic Cigarette and Heated Tobacco Product on Adipocyte Survival and Differentiation In Vitro. TOXICS 2020; 8:E9. [PMID: 32033401 PMCID: PMC7151757 DOI: 10.3390/toxics8010009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Cigarette smoking (CS) causes significant morbidity worldwide, attributed to the numerous toxicants generated by tobacco combustion. Electronic cigarettes (ECIG) and heated tobacco products (HTP) are considered alternative smoking/vaping products that deliver nicotine through an inhaled aerosol and emit fewer harmful constituents than CS. However, their long-term impacts on human health are not well established. Nicotine exposure has been linked to lipolysis and body weight loss, while smoking has been associated with insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia. Enhanced function of beige (thermogenic) adipocytes has been proposed as a means to reduce obesity and metabolic disorders. In this study, we compared the effect of extract-enriched media via exposure of culture medium to CS, HTP aerosol, and ECIG aerosol on the viability and the differentiation of 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes to beige adipocytes. Only CS extract caused a decrease in cell viability in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Furthermore, relative lipid accumulation and expression levels of the adipocyte markers Pgc-1α, Ppar-γ and Resistin were significantly decreased in cells exposed to CS extract. Our results demonstrate that CS extract, in contrast to HTP and ECIG extracts, significantly impairs differentiation of pre-adipocytes to beige adipocytes and may therefore impact significantly adipose tissue metabolic function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoi Zagoriti
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Immunology, Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece; (Z.Z.); (K.F.)
| | - Mohamed A. El Mubarak
- Laboratory of Pharmacokinetics, Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece;
| | - Konstantinos Farsalinos
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Immunology, Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece; (Z.Z.); (K.F.)
| | - Stavros Topouzis
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
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24
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Sun D, Zhou T, Li X, Ley SH, Heianza Y, Qi L. Maternal smoking, genetic susceptibility, and birth-to-adulthood body weight. Int J Obes (Lond) 2019; 44:1330-1340. [PMID: 31857670 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-019-0509-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maternal smoking (MS) is associated with low birthweight (BW) but adult obesity in offspring, however, it remains unknown whether it modifies offspring's genetic susceptibility to obesity on BW, adult body weight, and birth-to-adulthood body weight tracking pattern. METHODS This study included 246,759 UK Biobank participants with information on MS, BW (kg), adult body weight and BMI (kg/m2). Individual polygenetic score (PGS) was created on the basis of 97 BMI-associated genetic loci. We calculated individual birth-to-adulthood percentile change, and body weight tracking patterns that combined BW levels (<2.5, 2.5-4.0, and ≥4.0 as low, normal and high BW [LBW, NBW, and HBW]) and adulthood obesity status (≥30 as obesity [OB] and <30 as non-obesity [NOB]), including LBW-to-OB, LBW-to-NOB, NBW-to-OB, NBW-to-NOB, HBW-to-OB, and HBW-to-NOB. RESULTS Participants exposed to MS had a 0.108 kg lower BW (95% CI, -0.114 to -0.102), a 1.418 kg higher adult body weight (95% CI, 1.291-1.545), and a 6.91 greater percentile increase of body weight from birth to adulthood (95% CI, 6.62-7.21), compared with those nonexposed (all P < 0.001). In comparison to participants of NBW-to-NOB, MS was associated with an approximately twofold higher risk of LBW-to-OB (odds ratio [OR] 1.98, 95% CI 1.87-2.10), and a reduced likelihood of HBW-to-NOB (0.85, 95% CI 0.82-0.88). The increases in BW, adult body weight, and birth-to-adulthood percentile change per increment of 10 BMI-PGS were 0.021 vs. 0.012, 2.50 vs. 2.11, and 4.03 vs. 3.55, respectively, for participants exposed vs. nonexposed to MS (all Pinteraction < 0.05). CONCLUSION Our results indicate that exposure to MS is associated with an increased risk of transition from low BW-to-adulthood obesity, and reduced likelihood of change from high BW-to-normal adult body weight. MS may modify the relation of genetic susceptibility to obesity and body weight in offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dianjianyi Sun
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Zhou
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Sylvia H Ley
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA.,Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yoriko Heianza
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Lu Qi
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA. .,Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA. .,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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25
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Yuan S, Larsson SC. A causal relationship between cigarette smoking and type 2 diabetes mellitus: A Mendelian randomization study. Sci Rep 2019; 9:19342. [PMID: 31852999 PMCID: PMC6920406 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-56014-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The causality between smoking and type 2 diabetes is unclear. We conducted a two-sample Mendelian randomization study to explore the causal relationship between smoking initiation and type 2 diabetes. Summary-level data for type 2 diabetes were obtained from a meta-analysis of 32 genome-wide association studies (DIAbetes Genetics Replication And Meta-analysis consortium), which included 898 130 individuals of European ancestry. Totally, 377 single-nucleotide polymorphisms associated with smoking initiation at genome wide significance threshold (p < 5 × 10-8) were identified from the hitherto largest genome-wide association study on smoking. The inverse-variance weighted, weighted median, MR-Egger regression, and MR-PRESSO approaches were used to analyze the data. Genetically predicted smoking initiation was associated with type 2 diabetes with an odds ratio of 1.28 (95% confidence interval, 1.20, 1.37; p = 2.35 × 10-12). Results were consistent across sensitivity analyses and there was no evidence of horizontal pleiotropy. This study provides genetic evidence supporting a causal association between the smoking initiation and type 2 diabetes. Reducing cigarette smoking initiation can now be even more strongly recommended for type 2 diabetes prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Yuan
- Unit of Cardiovascular and Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Susanna C Larsson
- Unit of Cardiovascular and Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. .,Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
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26
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27
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Vaiserman A, Lushchak O. Developmental origins of type 2 diabetes: Focus on epigenetics. Ageing Res Rev 2019; 55:100957. [PMID: 31473332 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2019.100957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Traditionally, genetics and lifestyle are considered as main determinants of aging-associated pathological conditions. Accumulating evidence, however, suggests that risk of many age-related diseases is not only determined by genetic and adult lifestyle factors but also by factors acting during early development. Type 2 diabetes (T2D), an age-related disease generally manifested after the age of 40, is among such disorders. Since several age-related conditions, such as pro-inflammatory states, are characteristic of both T2D and aging, this disease is conceptualized by many authors as a kind of premature or accelerated aging. There is substantial evidence that intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), induced by poor or unbalanced nutrient intake, exposure to xenobiotics, maternal substance abuse etc., may impair fetal development, thereby causing the fetal adipose tissue and pancreatic beta cell dysfunction. Consequently, persisting adaptive changes may occur in the glucose-insulin metabolism, including reduced capacity for insulin secretion and insulin resistance. These changes can lead to an improved ability to store fat, thus predisposing to T2D development in later life. The modulation of epigenetic regulation of gene expression likely plays a central role in linking the adverse environmental conditions early in life to the risk of T2D in adulthood. In animal models of IUGR, long-term persistent changes in both DNA methylation and expression of genes implicated in metabolic processes have been repeatedly reported. Findings from human studies confirming the role of epigenetic mechanisms in linking early-life adverse experiences to the risk for T2D in adult life are scarce compared to data from animal studies, mainly because of limited access to suitable biological samples. It is, however, convincing evidence that these mechanisms may also operate in human beings. In this review, theoretical models and research findings evidencing the role of developmental epigenetic variation in the pathogenesis of T2D are summarized and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Oleh Lushchak
- Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine
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28
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Zhang WX, Chen HJ, Fan J, Li GL, Sun A, Lan LY, Zhang L, Yan YE. The association between maternal nicotine exposure and adipose angiogenesis in female rat offspring: A mechanism of adipose tissue function changes. Toxicol Lett 2019; 318:12-21. [PMID: 31622651 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2019.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Maternal smoking during pregnancy and lactation is associated with increased fat mass in the offspring, but the mechanism by which this occurs is not fully understood. Our study focused on the relationships among maternal nicotine exposure, adipose angiogenesis and adipose tissue function in female offspring. Pregnant rats were randomly assigned to nicotine or control groups. Microvascular density, lipid metabolism and α7nAChR-Egr1-FGF2 signaling pathway genes/proteins were tested in 4-, 12- and 26-week female offspring. In vitro, nicotine concentration- and time-response experiments were conducted in 3T3-L1. Lipid metabolism and α7nAChR-Egr1-FGF2 signaling pathway genes/proteins were tested. The conditioned media of differentiated 3T3-L1 treated with nicotine were used to observe tube formation in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Nicotine-exposed females presented higher adipose microvascular density. The gene expression of α7nAChR, Egr1 and FGF2 was significantly increased in gonadal white adipose tissue (gWAT) and inguinal subcutaneous WAT (igSWAT) of nicotine-exposed females at 4 weeks of age. The protein expression of α7nAChR, Egr1 and FGF2 was increased in gWAT and igSWAT of nicotine-exposed females at 4 weeks of age, and increased in gWAT at 26 weeks. In vitro, nicotine increased the expression of lipid metabolism and α7nAChR-Egr1-FGF2 signaling pathway genes/proteins in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. In the tube formation experiment, adipocytes affected by nicotine promoted HUVEC angiogenesis. Therefore, maternal nicotine exposure promoted the early angiogenesis of adipose tissue via the α7nAChR-Egr1-FGF2 signaling pathway, and this angiogenesis mechanism was associated with increased adipogenesis in adipose tissue of female offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Xia Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Hui-Jian Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Jie Fan
- Department of Pharmacology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Gai-Ling Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Ao Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Liu-Yi Lan
- Department of Pharmacology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - You-E Yan
- Department of Pharmacology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China.
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29
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Zhao WH, Wen X, Qu W, Liu HX, Yan HY, Hou LF, Ping J. Attenuated Tregs increase susceptibility to type 1 diabetes in prenatal nicotine exposed female offspring mice. Toxicol Lett 2019; 315:39-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2019.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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30
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Jiang L, Chang J, Ziogas A, Deapen D, Reynolds P, Bernstein L, Anton-Culver H. Secondhand smoke, obesity, and risk of type II diabetes among California teachers. Ann Epidemiol 2019; 32:35-42. [PMID: 30846276 DOI: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2019.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine if secondhand smoke (SHS) is associated with elevated risk of type II diabetes among California teachers. We also aim to determine if overall and central obesity are mediators or effect modifiers of this association. METHODS Using data from the California Teachers Study, conducted in 1995-2013 in California public schools, we obtained information on SHS exposure among 39,887 lifetime nonsmokers. The association between SHS and incident diabetes after 17 years of follow-up was assessed using Cox regression models. The mediation and modification effects of BMI and waist circumference on this association were tested. RESULTS At baseline, 70.2% of the nonsmokers reported exposure to SHS. Higher intensity, duration, and intensity-years of exposure to SHS were associated with higher multivariate adjusted risk of incident diabetes in a dose-response manner (hazard ratio = 1.28; 95% confidence interval, 1.11-1.48 for highest quartile vs. lowest quartile of exposure; P = .001 for trend). Participant's waist circumference (measured 2 years after baseline) could explain greater than 50% of the association between SHS and diabetes. CONCLUSIONS SHS exposure is associated with increased risk of type II diabetes among nonsmokers of California teachers with obesity being a potentially important mediator but not an effect modifier for this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luohua Jiang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine.
| | - Jenny Chang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine
| | - Argyrios Ziogas
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine
| | - Dennis Deapen
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles
| | | | - Leslie Bernstein
- Division of Biomarkers of Early Detection and Prevention, Department of Population Sciences, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA
| | - Hoda Anton-Culver
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine
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31
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Zhu C, Guo Y, Luo H, Wu Y, Magdalou J, Chen L, Wang H. Synergistic effects of prenatal nicotine exposure and post-weaning high-fat diet on hypercholesterolaemia in rat offspring of different sexes. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2019; 124:730-740. [PMID: 30549443 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.13187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Hypercholesterolaemia is considered a disease with intrauterine origin. Recently, we reported that prenatal nicotine exposure (PNE) induced an abnormal level of total cholesterol in rat offspring before and after birth. However, there were little data about sex differences in serum cholesterol level in PNE offspring. In addition, many previous studies reported that blood cholesterol is associated with daily diet. This study was designed to analyse the interaction among PNE, high-fat diet (HFD) and sex on cholesterol metabolism in the rat. Pregnant Wistar rats were administered 2 mg/kg nicotine subcutaneously from gestational day (GD) 11 until parturition. After weaning, pups were fed with normal diet or HFD till 24 weeks, and then, serum cholesterol phenotypes and hepatic cholesterol metabolism-related genes were tested. Results showed that PNE manifested a distinct programming effect on cholesterol phenotype and cholesterol metabolism-related genes. HFD aggregated PNE-induced hypercholesterolaemia in adult offspring and exacerbated liver cholesterol metabolism dysfunction in PNE offspring. There was no sex difference in serum cholesterol level, but there were interactions among PNE, HFD and sex on cholesterol metabolic genes in adult offspring, which indicates that cholesterol metabolism in female offspring is more likely to be affected by PNE and HFD. In conclusion, HFD exacerbated PNE-induced hypercholesterolaemia, and sex differences existed in liver cholesterol metabolic genes in PNE- or HFD-treated offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyan Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan China
| | - Yu Guo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan China.,Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan, China
| | - Hanwen Luo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan China.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yimeng Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan China
| | - Jacques Magdalou
- Faculté de Médicine, UMR 7561 CNRS-Université de Lorraine, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Liaobin Chen
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan, China.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan China.,Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan, China
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32
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Heindel JJ. History of the Obesogen Field: Looking Back to Look Forward. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:14. [PMID: 30761083 PMCID: PMC6362096 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The Obesogen field developed from two separate scientific research areas, endocrine disruptors and the Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD). Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals (EDCs) are exogenous chemicals or mixtures of chemicals that interfere with the action of hormones. Exposure to EDCs during early development (DOHaD) has been shown to increase susceptibility to a variety of diseases including infertility, asthma, breast and prostate cancer, early puberty, susceptibility to infections, heart disease, autoimmune disease, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder/learning disability. The effects of EDCs on obesity and fat cell development first gained attention around the turn of the twenty-first century. In 2002 Dr. Paula Baillie-Hamilton wrote the first review article focusing on environmental chemicals and obesity. She suggested that the obesity epidemic correlated with the increased production of chemicals after World War II. Baillie-Hamilton identified studies showing that exposures to a variety of chemicals led to weight gain. Shortly after that a commentary on an article showing that nonylphenol would increase fat cell differentiation in vitro noted the Baillie-Hamilton article and made the point that perhaps obesity was due in part to exposure to EDCs. In 2006 the field of DOHaD/EDCs and obesity made a giant leap forward when Dr. Bruce Blumberg published a paper showing that tributyltin could lead to weight gain in mice and coined the term obesogen for a chemical that caused weight gain and lead to obesity. In 2011, the NIEHS developed the first funding initiative focused on obesogens. In the following years there have been several workshops focused on obesogens. This paper describes these early days that lead to the obesogen hypotheses and the growth of the field for a decade, leading to its prominence today, and provides some insight into where the field is moving.
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33
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Passive smoking at home increased the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus in China. J Public Health (Oxf) 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10389-018-1002-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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Fetal exposure to maternal active and secondhand smoking with offspring early-life growth in the Healthy Start study. Int J Obes (Lond) 2018; 43:652-662. [PMID: 30341407 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-018-0238-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have modeled the association between fetal exposure to tobacco smoke and body mass index (BMI) growth trajectories, but not the timing of catch-up growth. Research on fetal exposure to maternal secondhand smoking is limited. OBJECTIVES To explore the associations between fetal exposure to maternal active and secondhand smoking with body composition at birth and BMI growth trajectories through age 3 years. METHODS We followed 630 mother-child pairs enrolled in the Healthy Start cohort through age 3 years. Maternal urinary cotinine was measured at ~ 27 weeks gestation. Neonatal body composition was measured using air displacement plethysmography. Child weight and length/height were abstracted from medical records. Linear regression models examined the association between cotinine categories (no exposure, secondhand smoke, active smoking) with weight, fat mass, fat-free mass, and percent fat mass at birth. A mixed-effects regression model estimated the association between cotinine categories and BMI. RESULTS Compared to unexposed offspring, birth weight was significantly lower among offspring born to active smokers (-343-g; 95% CI: -473, -213), but not among offspring of women exposed to secondhand smoke (-47-g; 95% CI: -130, 36). There was no significant difference in the rate of BMI growth over time between offspring of active and secondhand smokers (p = 0.58). Therefore, our final model included a single growth rate parameter for the combined exposure groups of active and secondhand smokers. The rate of BMI growth for the combined exposed group was significantly more rapid (0.27 kg/m2 per year; 95% CI: 0.05, 0.69; p < 0.01) than the unexposed. CONCLUSIONS Offspring prenatally exposed to maternal active or secondhand smoking experience rapid and similar BMI growth in the first three years of life. Given the long-term consequences of rapid weight gain in early childhood, it is important to encourage pregnant women to quit smoking and limit their exposure to secondhand smoke.
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Mahmoudi A, Hadrich F, Feki I, Ghorbel H, Bouallagui Z, Marrekchi R, Fourati H, Sayadi S. Oleuropein and hydroxytyrosol rich extracts from olive leaves attenuate liver injury and lipid metabolism disturbance in bisphenol A-treated rats. Food Funct 2018; 9:3220-3234. [PMID: 29781491 DOI: 10.1039/c8fo00248g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we investigated the protective effects of oleuropein- and hydroxytyrosol-rich extracts obtained from olive leaves against bisphenol A (BPA)-induced hyperlipidemia and liver injury in male rats. For this purpose, four groups of male rats (8 per group) were used: control group (Control), rats treated with BPA, rats treated with both BPA and oleuropein (OLE-BPA), and rats treated with both BPA and hydroxytyrosol (HYT-BPA). After 60 days of treatment, the results obtained using the DXA technique showed that treatment with BPA (10 mg per kg b.w.) increased the body weight and adipose tissue mass in male rats. Moreover, plasma levels of triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, AST, ALT, LDH, and TNF-α increased. The immunohistochemical analysis revealed a significant increase in the expression of COX-2 and p53 and a decrease in the expression of Bcl-2 related to liver inflammation. Oral administration of oleuropein and hydroxytyrosol-rich extracts obtained from olive leaves at 16 mg kg-1 reduced both the body weight and adipose tissue mass. These extracts were able to ameliorate liver damage and improve the elevated levels of TG and liver enzymes of BPA-treated rats possibly through enhancing CAT and SOD activities. Western blot results revealed that administration of the abovementioned extracts decreased the protein expression of NF-κB and TNF-α through the p38 signaling pathway. Overall, the findings suggest that the olive leaf extracts possess hypolipidemic and hepatoprotective effects against BPA-induced metabolic disorders through enhancing the antioxidative defense system and regulating the important signaling pathway activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asma Mahmoudi
- Environmental Bioprocesses Laboratory, Center of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax, P.O.Box 1177, 3038 Sfax, Tunisia.
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Heindel JJ. The developmental basis of disease: Update on environmental exposures and animal models. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2018; 125 Suppl 3:5-13. [PMID: 30265444 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.13118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
At the Prenatal Programming and Toxicity (PPTox) Conference I in 2008, I presented an overview of the developmental origins of health and disease field focusing on environmental chemical exposures and disease outcomes. At that time, I noted that the field was getting off the ground with a focus on developmental exposure to a small number of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) and disease outcomes across the lifespan in animal models. In this update, I note that the DOHaD field has changed significantly over the last decade. There are new windows of susceptibility including preconception, prepuberty, a focus on the mother and not just the offspring, and a significant focus on the new field of epigenetic transgenerational inheritance. New disease focus areas have sprung up including obesity, type 2 diabetes and fatty liver disease, all with a connection to developmental exposures to EDCs. There is also a focus on the study of new EDCs, molecular mechanisms, the development of new biomarkers of exposure and disease outcomes and studies focusing on intervention and prevention studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerrold J Heindel
- Program on Endocrine Disruption Strategies, Commonweal, Bolinas, California
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37
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Li G, Saad S, Oliver BG, Chen H. Heat or Burn? Impacts of Intrauterine Tobacco Smoke and E-Cigarette Vapor Exposure on the Offspring's Health Outcome. TOXICS 2018; 6:E43. [PMID: 30071638 PMCID: PMC6160993 DOI: 10.3390/toxics6030043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Maternal smoking during pregnancy leads to gestational complications and organ disorders in the offspring. As nicotine replacement therapy is often ineffective for smoking cessation, pregnant women turn to alternatives such as heat-not-burn tobacco and e-cigarettes. Recently, the popularly of e-cigarettes has been increasing especially among the youth and pregnant women, mainly due to the advertisements claiming their safety. This has even led to some clinicians recommending their use during pregnancy. E-cigarettes heat e-liquid to produce an aerosol (e-vapor), delivering flavorings and nicotine to the user. However, e-vapor also contains toxins such as formaldehyde along with heavy metals and carcinogenic nitrosamines. In addition, specific flavoring compounds such as diacetyl can be toxic themselves or decompose into toxic compounds such as benzaldehydes. These compounds can induce toxicity, inflammation and oxidative stress in the mothers and can accumulate in the developing fetus, affecting intrauterine development. Recent animal studies suggest that maternal e-vapor exposure during pregnancy could cause respiratory and neurological disorders in the offspring. This review will examine the available literature to shed light on the current understanding of this problem-to-be from lessons learned in animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerard Li
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia.
| | - Sonia Saad
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia.
- Renal Group, Kolling Institute, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia.
| | - Brian G Oliver
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia.
- Respiratory Cellular and Molecular Biology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2037, Australia.
| | - Hui Chen
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia.
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38
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Barra NG, VanDuzer TA, Holloway AC, Hardy DB. Maternal Nicotine Exposure Leads to Augmented Expression of the Antioxidant Adipose Tissue Triglyceride Lipase Long-Term in the White Adipose of Female Rat Offspring. Toxicol Sci 2018; 164:72-84. [PMID: 29617909 PMCID: PMC6016717 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfy083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Globally, approximately 10%-25% of women smoke during pregnancy. Since nicotine is highly addictive, women may use nicotine-containing products like nicotine replacement therapies for smoking cessation, but the long-term consequences of early life exposure to nicotine remain poorly defined. Our laboratory has previously demonstrated that maternal nicotine exposed (MNE) rat offspring exhibit hypertriglyceridemia due to increased hepatic de novo lipogenesis. Hypertriglyceridemia may also be attributed to impaired white adipose tissue (WAT) lipid storage; however, the effects of MNE on WAT are not completely understood. We hypothesize that nicotine-induced alterations in adipose function (eg, lipid storage) underlie dyslipidemia in MNE adults. Female 6-month-old rats exposed to nicotine during gestation and lactation exhibited significantly decreased visceral adipocyte cell area by 40%, attributed, in part, to a 3-fold increase in adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) protein expression compared with vehicle. Given ATGL has antioxidant properties and in utero nicotine exposure promotes oxidative stress in various tissues, we next investigated if there was evidence of increased oxidative stress in MNE WAT. At both 3 weeks and 6 months, MNE offspring expressed 37%-48% higher protein levels of superoxide dismutase-1 and -2 in WAT. Since oxidative stress can induce inflammation, we examined the inflammatory profile of WAT and found increased expression of cytokines (interleukin-1β, tumor necrosis factor α, and interleukin-6) by 44%-61% at 6 months. Collectively, this suggests that the expression of WAT ATGL may be induced to counter MNE-induced oxidative stress and inflammation. However, higher levels of ATGL would further promote lipolysis in WAT, culminating in impaired lipid storage and long-term dyslipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole G Barra
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, Ontario N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Taylor A VanDuzer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Alison C Holloway
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Daniel B Hardy
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, Ontario N6A 5C1, Canada
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Children’s Health Research Institute, Lawson Health Research Institute, Western University, London, Ontario N6C 2V5, Canada
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Stapleton PA, Wingard CJ, Nurkiewicz TR, Holloway AC, Zelikoff JT, Knudsen TB, Rogers LK. Cardiopulmonary consequences of gestational toxicant exposure: Symposium overview at the 56th annual SOT meeting, Baltimore, MD. Reprod Toxicol 2018; 79:16-20. [PMID: 29709519 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2018.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Xenobiotic exposures affect the maternal and/or in utero environment resulting in impairments in fetal development. During the period of rapid fetal growth, developing cardiovascular systems are especially vulnerable to their environment. Furthermore, fetal exposures can evoke changes in epigenetic signatures that result in permanent modifications in gene expression. This symposium focused on the intersection between maternal and fetal exposure and the developing cardiovascular system. The impact of maternal exposures on prenatal development is of major concern for regulatory agencies given the unique vulnerability of the embryo/fetus to environmental factors, the importance of vascular biology to maternal-fetal interactions, and the adverse consequences of vascular disruption to children's health. Speakers provided data from diverse exposures: nanomaterials, particulate matter or air pollution (PM2.5), nicotine, and environmental chemicals. The current findings related to susceptible gestational windows for cardiovascular development and epigenetic, transcriptomic, toxicokinetic, and toxicodynamic changes in vascular physiology and cardiac function. In response to these concerns, new concepts in predictive modeling and risk assessment associated with in utero exposures were presented as future avenues of research within developmental toxicology. Finally, current applications using an Adverse Outcome Pathway framework for developmental toxicity were presented to integrate data from in vitro profiling of chemical libraries (e.g. ToxCast™) with computational models for in silico toxicology. In summary, this symposium addressed the significant threats to cardiovascular health that are associated with fetal/perinatal exposures, and offered new insights into the predictive, mechanistic, and risk assessment strategies in developmental toxicology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phoebe A Stapleton
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA.
| | - Christopher J Wingard
- College of Health Professions, School of Movement and Rehabilitation Sciences, Bellarmine University, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Timothy R Nurkiewicz
- Department of Physiology, Pharmacology, and Neuroscience, Toxicology Working Group, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Alison C Holloway
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Judith T Zelikoff
- New York University School of Medicine, Dept. of Environmental Medicine, 57 Old Forge Road, Tuxedo, NY, USA
| | - Thomas B Knudsen
- National Center for Computational Toxicology, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Lynette K Rogers
- Center for Perinatal Research, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
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40
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Albers L, Sobotzki C, Kuß O, Ajslev T, Batista RF, Bettiol H, Brabin B, Buka SL, Cardoso VC, Clifton VL, Devereux G, Gilman SE, Grzeskowiak LE, Heinrich J, Hummel S, Jacobsen GW, Jones G, Koshy G, Morgen CS, Oken E, Paus T, Pausova Z, Rifas-Shiman SL, Sharma AJ, da Silva AA, Sørensen TI, Thiering E, Turner S, Vik T, von Kries R. Maternal smoking during pregnancy and offspring overweight: is there a dose-response relationship? An individual patient data meta-analysis. Int J Obes (Lond) 2018; 42:1249-1264. [PMID: 29717267 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-018-0050-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Revised: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES A number of meta-analyses suggest an association between any maternal smoking in pregnancy and offspring overweight obesity. Whether there is a dose-response relationship across number of cigarettes and whether this differs by sex remains unclear. SUBJECT/METHODS Studies reporting number of cigarettes smoked during pregnancy and offspring BMI published up to May 2015 were searched. An individual patient data meta-analysis of association between the number of cigarettes smoked during pregnancy and offspring overweight (defined according to the International Obesity Task Force reference) was computed using a generalized additive mixed model with non-linear effects and adjustment for confounders (maternal weight status, breastfeeding, and maternal education) and stratification for sex. RESULTS Of 26 identified studies, 16 authors provided data on a total of 238,340 mother-child-pairs. A linear positive association was observed between the number of cigarettes smoked and offspring overweight for up to 15 cigarettes per day with an OR increase per cigarette of 1.03, 95% CI = [1.02-1.03]. The OR flattened with higher cigarette use. Associations were similar in males and females. Sensitivity analyses supported these results. CONCLUSIONS A linear dose-response relationship of maternal smoking was observed in the range of 1-15 cigarettes per day equally in boys and girls with no further risk increase for doses above 15 cigarettes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Albers
- Division of Epidemiology, Institute of Social Paediatrics and Adolescents Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany.
| | - Christina Sobotzki
- Division of Epidemiology, Institute of Social Paediatrics and Adolescents Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Oliver Kuß
- German Diabetes Center, Institute of Biometrics and Epidemiology, Düsseldorf, 40225, Germany
| | - Teresa Ajslev
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology (formerly Institute of Preventive Medicine), Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospitals, The Capital Region, Denmark
| | - Rosangela Fl Batista
- Departamento de Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luís, MA, Brazil
| | - Heloisa Bettiol
- Departamento de Puericultura e Pediatria, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bernard Brabin
- Child and Reproductive Health Group, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK.,Department of Community Child Health,Royal Liverpool Children's Hospital, NHS Trust Alder Hey, Liverpool, UK.,Emma Kinderziekenhuis, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Stephen L Buka
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Viviane C Cardoso
- Departamento de Puericultura e Pediatria, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vicki L Clifton
- Adelaide Medical School, The Robinson Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | | | - Stephen E Gilman
- Health Behavior Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD, USA.,Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Luke E Grzeskowiak
- Adelaide Medical School, The Robinson Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Joachim Heinrich
- Institute of Occupational, Social, and Environmental Medicine, University Hospital, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Occupational, Social, and Environmental Medicine, University Hospital, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Sandra Hummel
- Forschergruppe Diabetes der Technischen Universität München, Munich, Germany.,Institut für Diabetesforschung der Forschergruppe Diabetes e.V. am Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Geir W Jacobsen
- Department of Public Health and General Practice, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Graeme Jones
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Gibby Koshy
- Child and Reproductive Health Group, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - Camilla Schmidt Morgen
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology (formerly Institute of Preventive Medicine), Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospitals, The Capital Region, Denmark
| | - Emily Oken
- Obesity Prevention Program, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tomas Paus
- Rotman Research Institute and Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Zdenka Pausova
- Hospital for Sick Children and Departments of Physiology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Sheryl L Rifas-Shiman
- Obesity Prevention Program, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Antônio Am da Silva
- Departamento de Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luís, MA, Brazil
| | - Thorkild Ia Sørensen
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology (formerly Institute of Preventive Medicine), Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospitals, The Capital Region, Denmark.,Novo Nordisk Foundation Centre for Basic Metabolic Research, and Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Elisabeth Thiering
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Epidemiology I, Neuherberg, Germany
| | | | - Torstein Vik
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Children and Women's Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Rüdiger von Kries
- Division of Epidemiology, Institute of Social Paediatrics and Adolescents Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
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41
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Zhang WX, Li YP, Fan J, Chen HJ, Li GL, Ouyang YQ, Yan YE. Perinatal nicotine exposure increases obesity susceptibility by peripheral leptin resistance in adult female rat offspring. Toxicol Lett 2018; 283:91-99. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2017.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Revised: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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42
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Cigarette Smoking and Adipose Tissue: The Emerging Role in Progression of Atherosclerosis. Mediators Inflamm 2017; 2017:3102737. [PMID: 29445255 PMCID: PMC5763059 DOI: 10.1155/2017/3102737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Revised: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Smoking is an established risk factor for atherosclerosis through several underlying pathways. Moreover, in the development of atherosclerotic plaque formation, obesity, defined as excess fat mass accumulation, also plays a vital role in dyslipidemia and insulin resistance. Substantial evidence shows that cigarette smoking induces multiple pathological effects in adipose tissue, such as differentiation of adipocytes, lipolysis, and secretion properties in adipose tissue. Therefore, there is an emerging speculation in which adipose tissue abnormality induced by smoking or nicotine is likely to accelerate the progression of atherosclerosis. Herein, this review aims to investigate the possible interplay between smoking and adipose tissue dysfunction in the development of atherosclerosis.
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43
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Polluted Pathways: Mechanisms of Metabolic Disruption by Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals. Curr Environ Health Rep 2017; 4:208-222. [PMID: 28432637 DOI: 10.1007/s40572-017-0137-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Environmental toxicants are increasingly implicated in the global decline in metabolic health. Focusing on diabetes, herein, the molecular and cellular mechanisms by which metabolism disrupting chemicals (MDCs) impair energy homeostasis are discussed. RECENT FINDINGS Emerging data implicate MDC perturbations in a variety of pathways as contributors to metabolic disease pathogenesis, with effects in diverse tissues regulating fuel utilization. Potentiation of traditional metabolic risk factors, such as caloric excess, and emerging threats to metabolism, such as disruptions in circadian rhythms, are important areas of current and future MDC research. Increasing evidence also implicates deleterious effects of MDCs on metabolic programming that occur during vulnerable developmental windows, such as in utero and early post-natal life as well as pregnancy. Recent insights into the mechanisms by which MDCs alter energy homeostasis will advance the field's ability to predict interactions with classical metabolic disease risk factors and empower studies utilizing targeted therapeutics to treat MDC-mediated diabetes.
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44
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ADAMCOVÁ K, KOLÁTOROVÁ L, CHLUPÁČOVÁ T, ŠIMKOVÁ M, JANDÍKOVÁ H, PAŘÍZEK A, STÁRKA L, DUŠKOVÁ M. Changes to Fetal Steroidogenesis Caused by Maternal Smoking. Physiol Res 2017; 66:S375-S386. [DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.933728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Smoking during pregnancy presents health risks for both the mother and her child. In this study we followed changes in the production of steroid hormones in pregnant smokers. We focused on changes in steroidogenesis in the blood of mothers in their 37th week of pregnancy and in mixed cord blood from their newborns. The study included 88 healthy women with physiological pregnancies (17 active smokers and 71 non-smokers). We separately analyzed hormonal changes associated with smoking according to the sex of newborns. In women with male fetuses, we found higher levels of serum cortisone, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), 7α-OH-DHEA, 17-OH pregnenolone, testosterone, and androstenedione in smokers at the 37th week compared to non-smokers. In women with female fetuses, we found lower serum levels of 7β-OH-DHEA and higher androstenedione in smokers at the 37th week. We found significantly higher levels of testosterone in newborn males of smokers and higher levels of 7α-OH-DHEA in female newborns of smokers. Smoking during pregnancy induces changes in the production of steroids in both the mother and her child. These changes are different for different fetal sexes, with more pronounced changes in mothers carrying male newborns as well as in the newborn males themselves.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - M. DUŠKOVÁ
- Institute of Endocrinology, Prague, Czech Republic
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45
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Śliwińska-Mossoń M, Milnerowicz H. The impact of smoking on the development of diabetes and its complications. Diab Vasc Dis Res 2017; 14:265-276. [PMID: 28393534 DOI: 10.1177/1479164117701876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is one of the most common metabolic disorders and emerges secondary to an interaction between genetic, environmental and lifestyle factors. This work provides an overview of the impact of smoking on the development of vascular complications in this condition and also provides an overview of the potential role of smoking in predisposition to diabetes. There are many studies documenting the impact of smoking on health (not focused on patients with diabetes), suggesting that the health exposure in these individuals is at least comparable to that observed in the general population. Distinct studies of smoking in patients with diabetes have unambiguously confirmed an increased prevalence and a higher risk of early death associated with the development of macrovascular complications. Smoking is also associated with premature development of microvascular complications and may contribute to the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes. It has been shown that smoking is a predictor of the progression of glucose intolerance at both the transition from normoglycaemia to impaired glucose tolerance status and the increased risk of developing diabetes. The mechanisms explaining the relationship between smoking and the development of diabetes are not fully understood, although a number of hypotheses have been put forward. Current evidence indicates that smoking cessation is not only important to prevent macrovascular complications in diabetes, but also has a role in limiting microvascular disease and may also facilitate glycaemic management in this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariola Śliwińska-Mossoń
- Department of Biomedical and Environmental Analysis, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Halina Milnerowicz
- Department of Biomedical and Environmental Analysis, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
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Fleisch AF, Rifas-Shiman SL, Rokoff LB, Hivert MF, Mantzoros CS, Oken E. Associations of maternal prenatal smoking with umbilical cord blood hormones: the Project Viva cohort. Metabolism 2017; 72. [PMID: 28641780 PMCID: PMC5497769 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2017.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maternal smoking during pregnancy is associated with low fetal growth and adverse cardiometabolic health in offspring. However, hormonal pathways underlying these associations are unclear. Therefore, we examined maternal smoking habits and umbilical cord blood hormone profiles in a large, prospective cohort. METHODS We studied 978 mother/infant pairs in Project Viva, a Boston-area cohort recruited 1999-2002. We categorized mothers as early pregnancy smokers, former smokers, or never smokers. Outcomes were cord blood concentrations of IGF-1, IGF-2, IGFBP-3, leptin, adiponectin, insulin, and C-peptide. We used linear regression models adjusted for maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI), race/ethnicity, parity, education, and infant sex. We conducted analyses in the full cohort and stratified by infant sex. RESULTS Thirteen percent of women were early pregnancy smokers, 20% former smokers, and 68% never smokers. Infants of early pregnancy smokers had lower IGF-1 adjusted for IGFBP-3 [-5.2ng/mL (95% CI: -8.6, -1.7)], with more pronounced associations in girls [-10.7ng/mL (95% CI: -18.5, -2.9) vs. -4.0ng/mL (95% CI: -8.4, 0.4) for boys]. Early pregnancy smoking was not associated with cord blood hormones other than IGF-1. Infants of former smokers had a cord blood hormone profile similar to infants of never smokers. CONCLUSIONS As compared to mothers who never smoked, early pregnancy smokers had infants with lower cord blood IGF-1 which could prime adverse metabolic outcomes. This provides further reason to support smoking cessation programs in women of reproductive age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abby F Fleisch
- Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Maine Medical Center, Portland, ME, USA; Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Portland, ME, USA.
| | - Sheryl L Rifas-Shiman
- Obesity Prevention Program, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lisa B Rokoff
- Obesity Prevention Program, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marie-France Hivert
- Obesity Prevention Program, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, USA; Diabetes Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | | | - Emily Oken
- Obesity Prevention Program, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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Moore BF, Clark ML, Bachand A, Reynolds SJ, Nelson TL, Peel JL. Interactions Between Diet and Exposure to Secondhand Smoke on Glycated Hemoglobin Levels Among US Children: Results From NHANES 2007-2012. Nicotine Tob Res 2017; 19:845-851. [PMID: 27679605 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntw261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Antioxidant-rich diets may lessen the adverse metabolic responses triggered by exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS), but no studies have investigated these potential interactions. Objective To examine the interaction between diet and exposure to SHS on glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels among 2551 children, ages 12-19 years, who participated in the 2007-2012 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Methods Exposure to SHS was assessed by 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL), cotinine, and self-report. Weighted linear regression models evaluated the cross-sectional association between exposure to SHS and HbA1c levels. Additive interaction was assessed by introducing product terms (with SHS) of individual nutrients (dietary fiber, eicosapentaenoic acid [EPA], docosahexaenoic acid [DHA], vitamin C, and vitamin E) to separate models. Results Over half of the children had NNAL or cotinine levels above the limit of detection (56% and 71%, respectively). The median HbA1c level was 5.2% (95% confidence interval: 5.17%, 5.23%). The interaction results suggest that the effects of exposure to SHS and certain dietary nutrients (EPA, DHA, vitamin C) on HbA1c levels may not be independent. For example, although there was only a slight difference in adjusted mean HbA1c levels across NNAL categories among children with high EPA intakes, the adjusted mean HbA1c level was 0.09% higher for high NNAL as compared to low NNAL among children with low EPA intakes. Conclusions Further research is needed to inform public health strategies for limiting increases in HbA1c levels among children. Messages may need to focus both on reducing exposure to SHS and improving diets to obtain the maximum benefit. Implications Our results suggest that the effects of exposure to SHS and diet on HbA1c levels may not be independent. For example, although there was little effect of exposure to SHS on HbA1c levels among children with high EPA intakes, high exposure to SHS was associated with an increase in HbA1c levels among children with low EPA intakes. Further research is necessary; however, based on these joint effects, strategies for limiting increases in HbA1c levels that focus both on reducing exposure to SHS and improving diets may achieve the largest public health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brianna F Moore
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health (CSPH), Aurora, CO
| | - Maggie L Clark
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO
| | - Annette Bachand
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO
| | - Stephen J Reynolds
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO
| | - Tracy L Nelson
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO
| | - Jennifer L Peel
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO
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Molnar DS, Rancourt D, Schlauch R, Wen X, Huestis MA, Eiden RD. Tobacco Exposure and Conditional Weight-for-Length Gain by 2 Years of Age. J Pediatr Psychol 2017; 42:679-688. [PMID: 28169405 PMCID: PMC5896634 DOI: 10.1093/jpepsy/jsw095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2016] [Revised: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To prospectively examine dose-response and timing effects of prenatal (PTE) and postnatal tobacco exposure on obesity risk assessed by conditional weight-for-length gain (CWFLG), by 2 years of age. CWFLG over the first 2 years of life was examined for 117 PTE and 57 nonexposed children. Repeated assessments of PTE were conducted beginning in the first trimester of pregnancy, using multiple methods. PTE or postnatal exposure status was not predictive of CWFLG. However, there was a dose-response association and an association with fetal exposure ascertained by infant meconium positive for nicotine and metabolites. PTE is related to restricted growth at birth, yet associated with accelerated CWFLG by 2 years of age, a measure that controls for birthweight differences. Results highlight the importance of examining dose-response and timing of exposure associations, along with the importance of obesity risk-reduction interventions within the first 2 years of life among PTE children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle S. Molnar
- Department of Child and Youth Studies, Brock University
- Research Institute on Addictions, State University of New York at Buffalo
| | | | | | - Xiaozhong Wen
- Division of Behavioral Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo
| | - Marilyn A. Huestis
- Chemistry and Drug Metabolism, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health
| | - Rina D. Eiden
- Research Institute on Addictions, State University of New York at Buffalo
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Lisboa PC, Soares PN, Peixoto TC, Carvalho JC, Calvino C, Rodrigues VST, Bernardino DN, Younes-Rapozo V, Manhães AC, de Oliveira E, de Moura EG. Effects of cigarette smoke exposure during suckling on food intake, fat mass, hormones, and biochemical profile of young and adult female rats. Endocrine 2017; 57:60-71. [PMID: 28527122 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-017-1320-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Children from smoking mothers have a higher risk of developing obesity and associated comorbidities later in life. Different experimental models have been used to assess the mechanisms involved with this increased risk. Using a rat model of neonatal nicotine exposure via implantation of osmotic minipumps in lactating dams, we have previously shown marked sexual dimorphisms regarding metabolic and endocrine outcomes in the adult progeny. Considering that more than four thousand substances are found in tobacco smoke besides nicotine, we then studied a rat model of neonatal tobacco smoke exposure: adult male offspring had hyperphagia, obesity, hyperglycemia, hypertriglyceridemia, secondary hyperthyroidism and lower adrenal hormones. Since litters were culled to include only males and since sexual dimorphisms had already been identified in the nicotine exposure model, here we also evaluated the effects of tobacco smoke exposure during lactation on females. METHODS Wistar rat dams and their pups were separated into two groups of 8 litters each: SMOKE (4 cigarettes per day, from postnatal day 3 to 21) and CONTROL (filtered air). Offspring of both sexes were euthanized at PN21 and PN180. RESULTS Changes in male offspring corroborated previous data. At weaning, females showed lower body mass gain and serum triglycerides, but no alterations in visceral fat and hormones. At adulthood, females had higher body mass, hyperphagia, central obesity, hyperleptinemia, hypercholesterolemia, hypercorticosteronemia, but no change in serum TSH and T3, and adrenal catecholamine CONCLUSIONS: Sexual dimorphisms were observed in several parameters, thus indicating that metabolic and hormonal changes due to smoke exposure during development are sex-dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Cristina Lisboa
- Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology, Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Patricia Novaes Soares
- Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology, Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Thamara Cherem Peixoto
- Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology, Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Janaine Cavalcanti Carvalho
- Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology, Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Camila Calvino
- Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology, Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Dayse Nascimento Bernardino
- Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology, Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Viviane Younes-Rapozo
- Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology, Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Alex Christian Manhães
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Elaine de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology, Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Egberto Gaspar de Moura
- Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology, Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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50
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Heindel JJ, Blumberg B, Cave M, Machtinger R, Mantovani A, Mendez MA, Nadal A, Palanza P, Panzica G, Sargis R, Vandenberg LN, Vom Saal F. Metabolism disrupting chemicals and metabolic disorders. Reprod Toxicol 2017; 68:3-33. [PMID: 27760374 PMCID: PMC5365353 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2016.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 639] [Impact Index Per Article: 91.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Revised: 09/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The recent epidemics of metabolic diseases, obesity, type 2 diabetes(T2D), liver lipid disorders and metabolic syndrome have largely been attributed to genetic background and changes in diet, exercise and aging. However, there is now considerable evidence that other environmental factors may contribute to the rapid increase in the incidence of these metabolic diseases. This review will examine changes to the incidence of obesity, T2D and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), the contribution of genetics to these disorders and describe the role of the endocrine system in these metabolic disorders. It will then specifically focus on the role of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) in the etiology of obesity, T2D and NAFLD while finally integrating the information on EDCs on multiple metabolic disorders that could lead to metabolic syndrome. We will specifically examine evidence linking EDC exposures during critical periods of development with metabolic diseases that manifest later in life and across generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerrold J Heindel
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Division of Extramural Research and Training Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.
| | - Bruce Blumberg
- University of California, Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, Irvine CA, USA
| | - Mathew Cave
- University of Louisville, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Louisville KY, USA
| | | | | | - Michelle A Mendez
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, School of Public Health, Chapel Hill NC, USA
| | - Angel Nadal
- Institute of Bioengineering and CIBERDEM, Miguel Hernandez University of Elche, Elche, Alicante, Spain
| | - Paola Palanza
- University of Parma, Department of Neurosciences, Parma, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Panzica
- University of Turin, Department of Neuroscience and Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), Turin, Italy
| | - Robert Sargis
- University of Chicago, Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Laura N Vandenberg
- University of Massachusetts, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health & Health Sciences, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Frederick Vom Saal
- University of Missouri, Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia, MO, USA
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