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Assari S, Najand B, Khatami SM. High Systolic Blood Pressure of High-Income African American Children. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2024; 11:1994-2008. [PMID: 37418111 PMCID: PMC11236934 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-023-01668-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND According to the Minorities' Diminished Returns (MDRs) theory, racism may reduce the health returns of family socioeconomic status (SEP) resources such as family income for racial minorities, particularly African Americans, compared to Whites. However, we are unaware of any previous studies on racial variation in the protective effects of family income on children's blood pressure. AIM We conducted this study to compare the overall effects of family income on pre-adolescents' systolic and diastolic blood pressure, test racial variation in this effect, and investigate whether racial variation in this regard is due to racial differences in body mass index. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, we analyzed data from 4007 racially diverse US children 9-10 years old. The independent variable was family income measured as a three-level categorical variable: less than $50 K USD, 50-100 K USD, and 100 + K USD. The primary outcomes were systolic and diastolic blood pressure measured up to three times at 1-min time intervals. Body mass index was the mediator. Mixed-effects regression models were used for data analysis to adjust for data nested to the centers, families, and individuals. Age, gender, parental education, family structure, and Latino ethnicity were covariates. RESULTS In the pooled sample and in the absence of interaction terms in the model, family income did not show an inverse association with children's systolic (for 100 + K USD family income: β = - 0.71, p = 0.233 and for 50-100 K USD family income: β = 0.01, p = 0.989) or diastolic blood pressure (for 100 + K USD family income: β = - 0.66, p = 0.172 and for 50-100 K USD family income: β = 0.23, p = 0.600). However, race showed a significant interaction with family income on systolic blood pressure (for 50-100 K USD × African American: β = 2.75, p = 0.034), suggesting higher systolic blood pressure of African American adolescents from high-income backgrounds. Racial variation in the protective effect of family income on systolic BP was no more significant (for 50-100 K USD × African American: β = 2.14, p = 0.149) after we controlled for body mass index (BMI), which was higher for African American than White adolescents. CONCLUSION The association between high family income and reduced systolic blood pressure in pre-adolescence might be weaker for African Americans compared to Whites, a difference that African American adolescents' higher body mass index can explain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shervin Assari
- Department of Family Medicine, Charles R Drew University of Medicine and Science, 1731 E 120Th St, Los Angeles, CA, 90059, USA.
- Department of Urban Public Health, Charles R Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- School of Nursing, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Marginalization-Related Diminished Returns (MDRs), Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Babak Najand
- Marginalization-Related Diminished Returns (MDRs), Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Seyedeh Mohaddeseh Khatami
- Marginalization-Related Diminished Returns (MDRs), Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Lu F, Lin Y, Zhou J, Chen Z, Liu Y, Zhong M, Wang L. Obesity and the obesity paradox in abdominal aortic aneurysm. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1410369. [PMID: 39055063 PMCID: PMC11269098 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1410369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity, characterized by its complexity and heterogeneity, has emerged as a significant public health concern. Its association with increased incidence and mortality of cardiovascular diseases stems not only from its complications and comorbidities but also from the endocrine effects of adipose tissue. Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA), a chronic inflammatory condition, has been closely linked to obesity. Intriguingly, mild obesity appears to confer a protective effect against AAA mortality, whereas severe obesity and being underweight do not, giving rise to the concept of the "obesity paradox". This review aims to provide an overview of obesity and its paradoxical relationship with AAA, elucidate its underlying mechanisms, and discuss the importance of preoperative weight loss in severely obese patients with AAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Lu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
- Ganzhou Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yong Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
- Ganzhou Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jianshun Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
- Ganzhou Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Zhen Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
- Ganzhou Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yingying Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
- Ganzhou Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Maolin Zhong
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
- Ganzhou Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Lifeng Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
- Ganzhou Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
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Jung J, Lee M, Park SH, Cho W, Kim J, Eun S, Lee J. Rose Petal Extract Ameliorates Obesity in High Fat Diet-Induced Obese Mice. Prev Nutr Food Sci 2024; 29:125-134. [PMID: 38974597 PMCID: PMC11223920 DOI: 10.3746/pnf.2024.29.2.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Abstract
In Asia, Rosa spp. has been used in traditional medicine for the treatment of osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and edema. In this study, we investigated the effect of rose petal extract (RPE) on high fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity in mice. C57BL/6J mice were fed with either an AIN-93G diet (normal control), a 60% HFD, or a HFD plus supplementation with RPE at 100 or 200 mg/kg body weight (HFD+R100, HFD+R200) for 14 weeks. The HFD increased the body weight gain, liver and fat weight, lipid profiles (total cholesterol, triglyceride, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, and low density lipoprotein cholesterol), and the serum aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase levels of mice, while RPE supplementation significantly decreased these parameters compared with the HFD group. Furthermore, the HFD increased the protein expressions of adipogenesis- and lipogenesis-related factors and decreased the protein expression of lipolysis- and energy metabolism-related factors. Conversely, RPE supplementation significantly decreased the protein expression of adipogenesis- and lipogenesis-related factors and increased the protein expression of lipolysis- and energy metabolism-related factors compared to the HFD group. Taken together, the results provide preliminary evidence for the potential protective effects of the RPE against obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaeeun Jung
- Department of Medical Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, Gyeonggi 17104, Korea
| | - Minhee Lee
- Department of Food Innovation and Health, Kyung Hee University, Gyeonggi 17104, Korea
| | - Seong-Hoo Park
- Department of Medical Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, Gyeonggi 17104, Korea
| | - Wonhee Cho
- Department of Medical Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, Gyeonggi 17104, Korea
| | - Jinhak Kim
- R&D Division, Daehan Chemtech Co., Ltd., Gyeonggi 13840, Korea
| | - Sangwon Eun
- R&D Division, Daehan Chemtech Co., Ltd., Gyeonggi 13840, Korea
| | - Jeongmin Lee
- Department of Medical Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, Gyeonggi 17104, Korea
- Department of Food Innovation and Health, Kyung Hee University, Gyeonggi 17104, Korea
- Clinical Nutrition Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02453, Korea
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Sharma C, Suliman A, AL Hamad SM, Yasin J, Abuzakouk M, AlKaabi J, Aburawi EH. Association of Biomarkers for Dyslipidemia, Inflammation, and Oxidative Stress with Endothelial Dysfunction in Obese Youths: A Case-Control Study. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2024; 17:2533-2545. [PMID: 38915900 PMCID: PMC11194285 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s458233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective The United Arab Emirates (UAE), with its characteristic local population, geography, and history, presents several risk factors for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) in obese individuals. Obesity and its associated complications, including diabetes, atherogenic dyslipidemia, and CVDs leading to significant health risks. In the present study, "Youths" defined as young people between 18 and 22 years. We assessed dyslipidemia, inflammation, and oxidative stress biomarker levels and their association with endothelial dysfunction (ED) in both overweight/obese and normal weight youths of UAE. Methods There were 160 youths with overweight/obese (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2) patients and healthy age- and sex-matched normal weight (BMI ≤ 24.9 kg/m2) as controls participated in this study. The anthropometric data and blood samples were collected to assess the biomarkers for dyslipidemia, inflammation, oxidative stress, ED from all the youths. Results The overall mean age and male-to-female ratio were 20±1.5years and 1.0:1.2, respectively. There was statistically significant difference in HDL-C (p<0.001), triglycerides (TG) (p<0.001), ApoA (p=0.002), ApoB/ApoA ratio (p=0.009) between the overweight/obese and normal weight youths. Among, inflammatory markers: hs-CRP, IL-6, TNF-α also showed significant p<0.001 and oxidative stress markers: DNA/RNA Damage, catalase and nitric oxide (NO) showed significant p<0.001 between groups. Spearman correlation of ED markers with lipid profile markers showed Vitamin C levels positively correlated with HDL-C (p<0.001) and negatively correlated with glucose (p<0.001). ICAM-1showed significant negative correlation with HDL-C (p<0.01) and ApoA (p<0.001) but positive correlation with TG (p<0.01) and HbA1c (p<0.001) among groups. Spearman correlation of ED markers with inflammatory/oxidative stress biomarkers showed Vitamin C levels negatively correlated with ferritin (p < 0.001), NO (p < 0.001), GGT (p < 0.001), and ALT (p < 0.001) levels. The ICAM-1showed significant positive correlation with hs-CRP (p < 0.01), IL-6 (p < 0.001), TNF-α (p < 0.01), GGT (p < 0.05), and ALT (p < 0.05) in both groups. Conclusion This study revealed a strong link between the biomarkers of dyslipidemia, inflammation, and oxidative stress with ED in overweight/obese patients. This study might be used to predict future cardiovascular events in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charu Sharma
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Abubaker Suliman
- Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sania Mazin AL Hamad
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Javed Yasin
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohamed Abuzakouk
- Department of Immunology & Allergy, Cleveland Clinic, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Juma AlKaabi
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Elhadi Husein Aburawi
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, 15551, United Arab Emirates
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Nosrati S, Gheisari M, Zare S, Dara M, Zolghadri S, Razeghian-Jahromi I. The impact of diabetic glucose concentration on viability and cardiac differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. Tissue Cell 2024; 88:102361. [PMID: 38502970 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2024.102361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hyperglycemia may be a stumbling block for delivery of regenerative benefits of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to diabetic patients with cardiovascular diseases. Our study aims to assess the viability and cardiac differentiation potential of MSCs after being exposed to diabetic glucose concentration. METHODS MSCs were extracted from rat bone marrow. Cells were characterized based on morphology, differentiation potential, and expression of mesenchymal specific markers. MTT assay was done to evaluate the viability of MSCs after treatment with different glucose concentrations. Case group was MSCs treated with diabetic concentration of glucose versus cells treated with PBS as the control group. Growth curve and population doubling time were calculated in both groups. Expression of GATA4 and troponin, as the early and late markers during cardiac differentiation, were measured following 5-azacytidine exposure. RESULTS Proliferated cells at passage three had fibroblastic-shape, was able to differentiate into adipocytes or osteocytes, and expressed CD73 and CD90. MSCs viability was gradually decreased by increasing glucose concentration. Irrespective of nicotine concentration, three-day exposure imposed more severe detrimental effects on viability compared with one-day treatment. Proliferation rate of the MSCs was lower in the case group, and they need more time for population doubling. Expression of both cardiac markers were downregulated in the case group at day three. However, their expression became higher at day seven. CONCLUSION Diabetic glucose concentration inhibits normal proliferation and cardiac differentiation of MSCs. This effect should be considered in stem cell therapy of cardiovascular patients who are concurrently affected by hyperglycemia, a common comorbidity in such individuals. Why carry out this study? What was learned from the study? FINDINGS
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Affiliation(s)
- Shadi Nosrati
- Department of Biochemistry, Shiraz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Maryam Gheisari
- Department of Biochemistry, Shiraz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Shahrokh Zare
- Stem Cells Technology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mahintaj Dara
- Stem Cells Technology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Samaneh Zolghadri
- Department of Biology, Jahrom Branch, Islamic Azad University, Jahrom, Iran
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Howell GE, Young D. Effects of an environmentally relevant mixture of organochlorine pesticide compounds on adipogenesis and adipocyte function in an immortalized human adipocyte model. Toxicol In Vitro 2024; 98:105831. [PMID: 38648980 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2024.105831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Exposure to persistent organic pollutants (POPs), including organochlorine (OC) pesticide POPs, has been associated with the increased prevalence of obesity and type 2 diabetes. However, the underlying mechanisms through which exposure to these compounds may promote obesity and metabolic dysfunction remain an area of active investigation. To this end, the concentration dependent effects of an environmentally relevant mixture of OC pesticide POPs on adipocyte function was explored utilizing a translationally relevant immortalized human subcutaneous preadipocyte/adipocyte model. Briefly, immortalized human preadipocytes/adipocytes were exposed to a mixture of dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE), trans-nonachlor, and oxychlordane (DTO) then key indices of preadipocyte/adipocyte function were assessed. Exposure to DTO did not alter adipogenesis. However, in mature adipocytes, exposure to DTO slightly increased fatty acid uptake whereas isoproterenol stimulated lipolysis, basal and insulin stimulated glucose uptake, mitochondrial membrane potential, and cellular ATP levels were all significantly decreased. DTO significantly increased Staphylococcus aureus infection induced increases in expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-1β, and Mcp-1 as well as the adipokine resistin. Taken together, the present data demonstrated exposure to an environmentally relevant mixture of OC pesticide compounds can alter mature adipocyte function in a translationally relevant human adipocyte model which further supports the adipose tissue as an effector site of OC pesticide POPs action.
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Affiliation(s)
- George E Howell
- Mississippi State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Mississippi State University, MS, USA.
| | - Darian Young
- Mississippi State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Mississippi State University, MS, USA
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Danduga RCSR, Kurapati AS, Shaik RA, Kola PK, Konidala SK, Varada HB. Synergistic Amelioration of Letrozole-induced Polycystic Ovary Syndrome in Rats: A Therapeutic Approach with Apple Cider Vinegar and Metformin Combination. Reprod Sci 2024:10.1007/s43032-024-01545-4. [PMID: 38777948 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-024-01545-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
The present study was conducted to evaluate the combination effect of apple cider vinegar (ACV) and metformin against letrozole-induced polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Female Wistar rats were administered letrozole (1 mg/kg/day, p.o) for 21 days, except for the control group of animals. On the 22nd day, PCOS-induced animals were segregated into 4 groups and administered with CMC, ACV, metformin, and a combination of ACV and metformin, respectively. The treatments were continued for 15 days, and on the 36th day, all the animals were sacrificed for biochemical (blood glucose, lipid profile), hormonal (sex hormones and adiponectin), and pro-inflammatory mediator estimations in blood samples. The ovarian tissue samples were used for oxidative stress parameters and histological alterations. The PCOS control animals showed a significant alteration in the estrous cycle. The administration of letrozole resulted in the alteration of hormonal balance and elevation of body weights, glycemic state, lipid profile, pro-inflammatory mediators in serum, and oxidative stress in ovarian samples. Individual treatment groups and combination treatment groups reversed the letrozole-induced alterations in PCOS animals, and more promising results were observed with combination therapy than with individual treatment groups. Further, the therapeutic potential of the combination treatment group was also confirmed by the histological observations in the ovarian samples. The study showed that the combination of ACV and metformin significantly alleviated letrozole-induced PCOS complications in rats. This might have been achieved by mitigating the hormonal imbalance, pro-inflammatory, hyperglycemic, and hyperlipidemic states in serum, and oxidative stress in the ovary samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Chandra Sekhara Reddy Danduga
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS, V.L. Mehta Road, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai, 400056, India.
| | - Aarathi Shalom Kurapati
- Department of Pharmacology, Acharya Nagarjuna University College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Acharya Nagarjuna University, Guntur, 522510, India
| | - Roohi Anju Shaik
- Department of Pharmacology, Acharya Nagarjuna University College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Acharya Nagarjuna University, Guntur, 522510, India
| | - Phani Kumar Kola
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, 58203, USA
| | - Sathish Kumar Konidala
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vignan's Foundation for Sciences, Technology, and Research, Vadlamudi, Guntur, 522213, India
| | - Hema Bharathi Varada
- Department of Pharmacology, Acharya Nagarjuna University College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Acharya Nagarjuna University, Guntur, 522510, India
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Logesh R, Hari B, Chidambaram K, Das N. Molecular effects of Vitamin-D and PUFAs metabolism in skeletal muscle combating Type-II diabetes mellitus. Gene 2024; 904:148216. [PMID: 38307219 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2024.148216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
Multiple post-receptor intracellular alterations such as impaired glucose transfer, glucose phosphorylation, decreased glucose oxidation, and glycogen production contribute to insulin resistance (IR) in skeletal muscle, manifested by diminished insulin-stimulated glucose uptake. Type-2 diabetes mellites (T2DM) has caused by IR, which is also seen in obese patients and those with metabolic syndrome. The Vitamin-D receptor (VDR) and poly unsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) roles in skeletal muscle growth, shapes, and function for combating type-2 diabetes have been clarified throughout this research. VDR and PUFAs appears to show a variety of effects on skeletal muscle, in addition it shows a promising role on bone and mineral homeostasis. Individuals having T2DM are reported to suffer from severe muscular weakness and alterations in shape of the muscle. Several studies have investigated the effect on VDR on muscular strength and mass, which leads to Vitamin-D deficiency (VDD) in individuals, in which most commonly seen in elderly. VDR has been shown to affect skeletal cellular proliferation, intracellular calcium handling, as well as genomic activity in a variety of different ways such as muscle metabolism, insulin sensitivity, which is the major characteristic pathogenesis for IR in combating T2DM. The identified VDR gene polymorphisms are ApaI, TaqI, FokI, and BsmI that are associated with T2DM. This review collates informations on the mechanisms by which VDR activation takes place in skeletal muscles. Despite the significant breakthroughs made in recent decades, various studies show that IR affects VDR and PUFAs metabolism in skeletal muscle. Therefore, this review collates the data to show the role of VDR and PUFAs in the skeletal muscles to combat T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajan Logesh
- Department of Pharmacognosy, JSS College of Pharmacy, Mysuru, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Karnataka, India.
| | - Balaji Hari
- TIFAC CORE in Herbal Drugs, Department of Pharmacognosy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, JSS College of Pharmacy, The Nilgiris, Ooty 643001, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kumarappan Chidambaram
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Al-Qara, Asir Province, Saudi Arabia
| | - Niranjan Das
- Department of Chemistry, Iswar Chandra Vidyasagar College, Belonia 799155, Tripura, India
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Doğan ME, Erkan Pota Ç. Investigation of the effects of gestational diabetes and hypertension on retinal and choroidal microvascular circulation using swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography. Microvasc Res 2024; 152:104622. [PMID: 37981229 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2023.104622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to investigate the microvascular changes in the retina and choroid in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) and to compare the results with those of healthy pregnant subjects. METHODS Twenty-nine pregnant subjects with coexisting GDM and PIH (group 1) and 36 healthy pregnant subjects (group 2) were enrolled in the study. All subjects were examined by optical coherence tomography (OCT) and angiography (OCTA). The retina, retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL), ganglion cell layer (GCL), choroidal thickness (CT), superficial capillary plexus (SCP), deep capillary plexus (DCP), choriocapillaris (CC) vascular density (VD), and foveal avascular zone (FAZ) were measured. RESULTS We observed that the values of CT and VD were lower in group 1 than in group 2. No significant difference was found between groups in RT, FAZ area and CC VD. SCP and DCP VD values were higher in group 2 in all quadrants. We observed a significant increase in FAZ area and CC VD with increasing systolic blood pressure. No correlation was observed between diastolic blood pressure and FBS with other parameters. In group 1, FAZ area was significantly higher in the diet-treated group than in the insulin-treated group. CONCLUSION Monitoring and treatment of pregnant women with PIH and GDM is important because of the risks that may occur during pregnancy. We believe that changes in microvascular circulation can be detected noninvasively with OCTA, even in the absence of clinical or retinal findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Erkan Doğan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Akdeniz University Faculty of Medicine, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Çisil Erkan Pota
- Department of Ophthalmology, Manavgat State Hospital, Antalya, Turkey.
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Jayathilake WMNK, de Laat MA, Furr M, Risco C, Lacombe VA. Prolonged hyperinsulinemia increases the production of inflammatory cytokines in equine digital lamellae but not in striated muscle. Vet J 2024; 303:106053. [PMID: 38043699 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2023.106053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Hyperinsulinemia is the key feature of equine metabolic syndrome (EMS) which leads to debilitating sequelae. Hyperinsulinemia-associated laminitis (HAL) is one of the major sequelae of EMS, although the pathophysiological mechanisms are not well elucidated. Using an equine model, we hypothesized that expression of inflammatory markers would be increased in digital lamellae and striated muscle following prolonged hyperinsulinemia. Healthy Standardbred horses (5.4 ± 1.9 years) were alternately assigned to a prolonged euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp (pEHC) or control group (n = 4 per group). Following a 48 h pEHC or a 48 h infusion of a balanced electrolyte solution (controls), biopsies were collected from digital lamellar tissue, skeletal muscle and cardiac muscle were obtained. All hyperinsulinemic horses developed laminitis regardless of previous health status at enrollment. Protein expression was quantified via Western blotting. A significant (P < 0.05) upregulation of the protein expression of heat shock protein 90 (HSP90), alpha 2 macroglobulin (A2M) and fibrinogen (α, β isoforms), as well as inflammatory cytokines including interleukin-1β were detected in digital lamellae following prolonged hyperinsulinemia. In contrast, protein expression of cytokines and acute phase proteins in heart and skeletal muscle was unchanged following hyperinsulinemia. Upregulation of inflammatory cytokines and acute phase proteins in digital lamellae during prolonged hyperinsulinemia may reveal potential biomarkers and novel therapeutic targets for equine endocrinopathic laminitis. Further, the lack of increase of inflammatory proteins and acute phase proteins in striated muscle following prolonged hyperinsulinemia may highlight potential anti-inflammatory and cardioprotective mechanisms in these insulin-sensitive tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- W M N K Jayathilake
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - M A de Laat
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, Queensland University of Technology, Queensland, 4001, Australia
| | - M Furr
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - C Risco
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - V A Lacombe
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA.
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Martemucci G, Fracchiolla G, Muraglia M, Tardugno R, Dibenedetto RS, D’Alessandro AG. Metabolic Syndrome: A Narrative Review from the Oxidative Stress to the Management of Related Diseases. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:2091. [PMID: 38136211 PMCID: PMC10740837 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12122091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a growing disorder affecting thousands of people worldwide, especially in industrialised countries, increasing mortality. Oxidative stress, hyperglycaemia, insulin resistance, inflammation, dysbiosis, abdominal obesity, atherogenic dyslipidaemia and hypertension are important factors linked to MS clusters of different pathologies, such as diabesity, cardiovascular diseases and neurological disorders. All biochemical changes observed in MS, such as dysregulation in the glucose and lipid metabolism, immune response, endothelial cell function and intestinal microbiota, promote pathological bridges between metabolic syndrome, diabesity and cardiovascular and neurodegenerative disorders. This review aims to summarise metabolic syndrome's involvement in diabesity and highlight the link between MS and cardiovascular and neurological diseases. A better understanding of MS could promote a novel strategic approach to reduce MS comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Martemucci
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70126 Bari, Italy;
| | - Giuseppe Fracchiolla
- Department of Pharmacy–Drug Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70126 Bari, Italy; (M.M.); (R.T.); (R.S.D.)
| | - Marilena Muraglia
- Department of Pharmacy–Drug Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70126 Bari, Italy; (M.M.); (R.T.); (R.S.D.)
| | - Roberta Tardugno
- Department of Pharmacy–Drug Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70126 Bari, Italy; (M.M.); (R.T.); (R.S.D.)
| | - Roberta Savina Dibenedetto
- Department of Pharmacy–Drug Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70126 Bari, Italy; (M.M.); (R.T.); (R.S.D.)
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12
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Zhang Y, Jia R, Zhang Y, Sun X, Mei Y, Zou R, Niu L, Dong S. Effect of non-surgical periodontal treatment on cytokines/adipocytokines levels among periodontitis patients with or without obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Oral Health 2023; 23:717. [PMID: 37798684 PMCID: PMC10552206 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-03383-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the effects of non-surgical periodontal therapy (NSPT) on inflammatory-related cytokines/adipocytokines in periodontitis patients with or without obesity. METHODS We followed the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses statement and registered the study (CRD42022375331) in the Prospective International Register of Systematic Reviews. We screened randomized-controlled trials and controlled clinical trials from six databases up to December 2022. Quality assessment was performed with RoB-2 and ROBINS-I tools for randomized trials and non-randomized trials, respectively. Meta-analysis was carried out using a random-effect model. RESULTS We included seventeen references in the systematic analysis, and sixteen in the meta-analysis. Baseline results of pro-inflammatory biomarkers, including serum interleukin (IL)-6, serum and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-a, serum C-reactive protein (CRP)/hs-CRP, and serum and GCF resistin, were higher in obesity subjects than in normal weight subjects. The effect of NSPT with respect to levels of cytokines/adipocytokines, including IL-6, TNF-a, CRP/hs-CRP, resistin, adiponectin, leptin and retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4), were then analyzed in the systematic and meta-analysis. After three months of NSPT, serum (MD = -0.54, CI = -0.62 - -0.46), and GCF (MD = -2.70, CI = -4.77 - -0.63) levels of IL-6, along with the serum RBP4 (MD = -0.39, CI = -0.68-0.10) decreased in periodontitis individuals with obesity. NSPT also improved GCF adiponectin levels after three months (MD = 2.37, CI = 0.29 - 4.45) in periodontitis individuals without obesity. CONCLUSIONS Obese status altered the baseline levels of cytokines/adipocytokines (serum IL-6, serum and GCF TNF-a, serum CRP/hs-CRP, and serum and GCF resistin). Then NSPT can shift the levels of specific pro-inflammatory mediators and anti-inflammatory mediators in biological fluids, both in obesity and non-obesity individuals. NSPT can reduce serum and GCF IL-6 levels together with serum RBP4 level in individuals with obesity after 3 months, besides, there is no sufficient evidence to prove that obese patients have a statistically significant decrease in the levels of other cytokines compared to patients with normal weight. NSPT can also increase GCF adiponectin level in normal weight individuals after 3 months. Our findings imply the potential ideal follow-up intervals and sensitive biomarkers for clinical bioanalysis in personalized decision-making of effect of NSPT due to patients' BMI value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuwei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi Province, China
- Clinical Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi Province, China
- Department of Prosthodontics, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Ru Jia
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi Province, China
- Clinical Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi Province, China
- Department of Prosthodontics, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yifei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi Province, China
- Clinical Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi Province, China
- Department of Prosthodontics, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Xuefei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi Province, China
- Clinical Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yukun Mei
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi Province, China
- Clinical Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi Province, China
- Department of Prosthodontics, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Rui Zou
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi Province, China.
- Clinical Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi Province, China.
| | - Lin Niu
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi Province, China.
- Clinical Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi Province, China.
- Department of Prosthodontics, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi Province, China.
| | - Shaojie Dong
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi Province, China.
- Clinical Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi Province, China.
- Department of Prosthodontics, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi Province, China.
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Parihar A, Malviya S, Khan R, Kaushik A, Mostafavi E. COVID-19 associated thyroid dysfunction and other comorbidities and its management using phytochemical-based therapeutics: a natural way. Biosci Rep 2023; 43:BSR20230293. [PMID: 37212057 PMCID: PMC10372472 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20230293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The present severe acute respiratory syndrome-2 (SARS-CoV-2) mediated Coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) and post-COVID-19 complications affect human life drastically. Patients who have been cured of COVID-19 infection are now experiencing post-COVID-19 associated comorbidities, which have increased mortality rates. The SARS-CoV-2 infection distresses the lungs, kidneys, gastrointestinal tract, and various endocrine glands, including the thyroid. The emergence of variants which includes Omicron (B.1.1.529) and its lineages threaten the world severely. Among different therapeutic approaches, phytochemical-based therapeutics are not only cost-effective but also have lesser side effects. Recently a plethora of studies have shown the therapeutic efficacy of various phytochemicals for the treatment of COVID-19. Besides this, various phytochemicals have been found efficacious in treating several inflammatory diseases, including thyroid-related anomalies. The method of the phytochemical formulation is quick and facile and the raw materials for such herbal preparations are approved worldwide for human use against certain disease conditions. Owing to the advantages of phytochemicals, this review primarily discusses the COVID-19-related thyroid dysfunction and the role of key phytochemicals to deal with thyroid anomaly and post-COVID-19 complications. Further, this review shed light on the mechanism via which COVID-19 and its related complication affect organ function of the body, along with the mechanistic insight into the way by which phytochemicals could help to cure post-COVID-19 complications in thyroid patients. Considering the advantages offered by phytochemicals as a safer and cost-effective medication they can be potentially used to combat COVID-19-associated comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpana Parihar
- Industrial Waste Utilization, Nano and Biomaterials, CSIR-Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute (AMPRI), Hoshangabad Road, Bhopal 462026, MP, India
| | - Shivani Malviya
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, Barkatullah University, Habib Ganj, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh 462026, India
| | - Raju Khan
- Industrial Waste Utilization, Nano and Biomaterials, CSIR-Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute (AMPRI), Hoshangabad Road, Bhopal 462026, MP, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Ajeet Kaushik
- NanoBioTech Laboratory, Department of Environmental Engineering, Florida Polytechnic University, Lakeland, FL 33805, U.S.A
- School of Engineering, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun 248007, India
| | - Ebrahim Mostafavi
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, U.S.A
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, U.S.A
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14
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Zheng Y, Yan J, Zhang X, Cui H, Wei Z, Li X, Wang Q, Zhong B. Dietary intervention reprograms bone marrow cellular signaling in obese mice. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1171781. [PMID: 37529608 PMCID: PMC10390309 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1171781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives The current study aimed to investigate the pathogenesis of obesity-induced impaired bone mass accrual and the impact of dietary intervention on bone density in the mouse model of obesity. Methods Mice were fed with chow diet (CD) for 10 months, high-fat-diet (HFD) for 10 months, or HFD for 6 months then transferred to chow diet for 4 months (HFDt). Results Weight loss and decreased intrahepatic lipid accumulation were observed in mice following dietary intervention. Additionally, HFD feeding induced bone mass accrual, while diet intervention restrained trabecular bone density. These changes were further reflected by increased osteogenesis and decreased adipogenesis in HFDt mice compared to HFD mice. Furthermore, HFD feeding decreased the activity of the Wingless-related integration site (Wnt)-β-Catenin signaling pathway, while the Wnt signaling was augmented by diet intervention in the HFDt group. Conclusions Our findings suggest that a HFD inhibits bone formation and that dietary intervention reverses this inhibition. Furthermore, the dietary intervention was able to compensate for the suppressed increase in bone mass to a level comparable to that in the CD group. Our study suggests that targeting the Wnt signaling pathway may be a potential approach to treat obesity-induced impaired bone mass accrual.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxuan Zheng
- Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiren Yan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, and Shanghai Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital Affifiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaofu Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hailong Cui
- Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- First Affifiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhenyuan Wei
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoying Li
- Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiuyu Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Biao Zhong
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, and Shanghai Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital Affifiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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15
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Vasamsetti SB, Natarajan N, Sadaf S, Florentin J, Dutta P. Regulation of cardiovascular health and disease by visceral adipose tissue-derived metabolic hormones. J Physiol 2023; 601:2099-2120. [PMID: 35661362 PMCID: PMC9722993 DOI: 10.1113/jp282728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Visceral adipose tissue (VAT) is a metabolic organ known to regulate fat mass, and glucose and nutrient homeostasis. VAT is an active endocrine gland that synthesizes and secretes numerous bioactive mediators called 'adipocytokines/adipokines' into systemic circulation. These adipocytokines act on organs of metabolic importance like the liver and skeletal muscle. Multiple preclinical and in vitro studies showed strong evidence of the roles of adipocytokines in the regulation of metabolic disorders like diabetes, obesity and insulin resistance. Adipocytokines, such as adiponectin and omentin, are anti-inflammatory and have been shown to prevent atherogenesis by increasing nitric oxide (NO) production by the endothelium, suppressing endothelium-derived inflammation and decreasing foam cell formation. By inhibiting differentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) into osteoblasts, adiponectin and omentin prevent vascular calcification. On the other hand, adipocytokines like leptin and resistin induce inflammation and endothelial dysfunction that leads to vasoconstriction. By promoting VSMC migration and proliferation, extracellular matrix degradation and inflammatory polarization of macrophages, leptin and resistin increase the risk of atherosclerotic plaque vulnerability and rupture. Additionally, the plasma concentrations of these adipocytokines alter in ageing, rendering older humans vulnerable to cardiovascular disease. The disturbances in the normal physiological concentrations of these adipocytokines secreted by VAT under pathological conditions impede the normal functions of various organs and affect cardiovascular health. These adipokines could be used for both diagnostic and therapeutic purposes in cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sathish Babu Vasamsetti
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA 15213
- Pittsburgh VA Medical Center-University Drive, University Drive C, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Niranjana Natarajan
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA 15213
| | - Samreen Sadaf
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA 15213
- Pittsburgh VA Medical Center-University Drive, University Drive C, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jonathan Florentin
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA 15213
| | - Partha Dutta
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA 15213
- Pittsburgh VA Medical Center-University Drive, University Drive C, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA, 15213
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA, 15213
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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16
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Kaur A, Sharma GS, Kumbala DR. Acute kidney injury in diabetic patients: A narrative review. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e33888. [PMID: 37233407 PMCID: PMC10219694 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000033888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is the most common cause of chronic kidney disease, which leads to end-stage renal failure worldwide. Glomerular damage, renal arteriosclerosis, and atherosclerosis are the contributing factors in diabetic patients, leading to the progression of kidney damage. Diabetes is a distinct risk factor for acute kidney injury (AKI) and AKI is associated with faster advancement of renal disease in patients with diabetes. The long-term consequences of AKI include the development of end-stage renal disease, higher cardiovascular and cerebral events, poor quality of life, and high morbidity and mortality. In general, not many studies discussed extensively "AKI in DM." Moreover, articles addressing this topic are scarce. It is also important to know the cause of AKI in diabetic patients so that timely intervention and preventive strategies can be implemented to decrease kidney injury. Aim of this review article is to address the epidemiology of AKI, its risk factors, different pathophysiological mechanisms, how AKI differs between diabetic and nondiabetic patients and its preventive and therapeutic implications in diabetics. The increasing occurrence and prevalence of AKI and DM, as well as other pertinent issues, motivated us to address this topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amninder Kaur
- Senior Resident, Department of Nephrology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Gaurav Shekhar Sharma
- Assistant Professor, Department of Nephrology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Rishikesh, Uttrakhand, India
| | - Damodar R Kumbala
- Diagnostic and Interventional Nephrologist, Renal Associates of Baton Rogue, Baton Rogue, LA
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Tews HC, Elger T, Grewal T, Weidlich S, Vitali F, Buechler C. Fecal and Urinary Adipokines as Disease Biomarkers. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11041186. [PMID: 37189804 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11041186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of biomarkers is of great clinical value for the diagnosis and prognosis of disease and the assessment of treatment efficacy. In this context, adipokines secreted from adipose tissue are of interest, as their elevated circulating levels are associated with a range of metabolic dysfunctions, inflammation, renal and hepatic diseases and cancers. In addition to serum, adipokines can also be detected in the urine and feces, and current experimental evidence on the analysis of fecal and urinary adipokine levels points to their potential as disease biomarkers. This includes increased urinary adiponectin, lipocalin-2, leptin and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels in renal diseases and an association of elevated urinary chemerin as well as urinary and fecal lipocalin-2 levels with active inflammatory bowel diseases. Urinary IL-6 levels are also upregulated in rheumatoid arthritis and may become an early marker for kidney transplant rejection, while fecal IL-6 levels are increased in decompensated liver cirrhosis and acute gastroenteritis. In addition, galectin-3 levels in urine and stool may emerge as a biomarker for several cancers. With the analysis of urine and feces from patients being cost-efficient and non-invasive, the identification and utilization of adipokine levels as urinary and fecal biomarkers could become a great advantage for disease diagnosis and predicting treatment outcomes. This review article highlights data on the abundance of selected adipokines in urine and feces, underscoring their potential to serve as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hauke C Tews
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology, Rheumatology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Tanja Elger
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology, Rheumatology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Grewal
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Simon Weidlich
- Department of Internal Medicine II, School of Medicine, University Hospital Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Francesco Vitali
- Department of Medicine 1, Gastroenterology, Pneumology and Endocrinology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christa Buechler
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology, Rheumatology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
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Nicolaus HF, Klonisch T, Paulsen F, Garreis F. C1q/TNF-Related Proteins 1, 6 and 8 Are Involved in Corneal Epithelial Wound Closure by Targeting Relaxin Receptor RXFP1 In Vitro. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076839. [PMID: 37047812 PMCID: PMC10095411 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Inadequate wound healing of ocular surface injuries can lead to permanent visual impairment. The relaxin ligand-receptor system has been demonstrated to promote corneal wound healing through increased cell migration and modulation of extracellular matrix formation. Recently, C1q/tumor necrosis factor-related protein (CTRP) 8 was identified as a novel interaction partner of relaxin receptor RXFP1. Additional data also suggest a role for CTRP1 and CTRP6 in RXFP1-mediated cAMP signaling. However, the role of CTRP1, CTRP6 and CTRP8 at the ocular surface remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the effects of CTRP1, CTRP6, and CTRP8 on epithelial ocular surface wound closure and their dependence on the RXFP1 receptor pathway. CTRP1, CTRP6, and CTRP8 expression was analyzed by RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry in human tissues and cell lines derived from the ocular surface and lacrimal apparatus. In vitro ocular surface wound modeling was performed using scratch assays. We analyzed the effects of recombinant CTRP1, CTRP6, and CTRP8 on cell proliferation and migration in human corneal and conjunctival epithelial cell lines. Dependence on RXFP1 signaling was established by inhibiting ligand binding to RXFP1 using a specific anti-RXFP1 antibody. We detected the expression of CTRP1, CTRP6, and CTRP8 in human tissue samples of the cornea, conjunctiva, meibomian gland, efferent tear ducts, and lacrimal gland, as well as in human corneal, conjunctival, and meibomian gland epithelial cell lines. Scratch assays revealed a dose-dependent increase in the closure rate of surface defects in human corneal epithelial cells after treatment with CTRP1, CTRP6, and CTRP8, but not in conjunctival epithelial cells. Inhibition of RXFP1 fully attenuated the effect of CTRP8 on the closure rate of surface defects in human corneal epithelial cells, whereas the CTRP1 and CTRP6 effects were not completely suppressed. Conclusions: Our findings demonstrate a novel role for CTRP1, CTRP6, and CTRP8 in corneal epithelial wound closure and suggest an involvement of the relaxin receptor RXFP1 signaling pathway. This could be a first step toward new approaches for pharmacological and therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hagen Fabian Nicolaus
- Institute of Functional and Clinical Anatomy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Thomas Klonisch
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada
- Department of Pathology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P5, Canada
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada
- Research Institute in Oncology and Hematology (RIOH), Cancer Care Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada
| | - Friedrich Paulsen
- Institute of Functional and Clinical Anatomy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Fabian Garreis
- Institute of Functional and Clinical Anatomy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
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Thongnak L, Jaruan O, Pengrattanachot N, Promsan S, Phengpol N, Sutthasupha P, Jaikumkao K, Sriyotai W, Mahatheeranont S, Lungkaphin A. Resistant starch from black rice, Oryza sativa L. var. ameliorates renal inflammation, fibrosis and injury in insulin resistant rats. Phytother Res 2023; 37:935-948. [PMID: 36379906 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
It has recently been reported that black rice (BR) extract has anti-obesity, anti-diabetic, and anti-osteoporosis effects. It has been shown to reduce obese-related kidney dysfunction in animal models. This study aimed to investigate the effect of resistant starch from BR (RS) on renal inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis in obese insulin resistant rats. Male Wistar rats were divided into six groups: normal diet (ND), ND treated with 150 mg of RS (NDRS150), high-fat (HF) diet, HF treated with 100 and 150 mg of RS (HFRS100), (HFRS150), and HF treated with metformin as a positive control. Insulin resistance was shown in the HF rats by glucose intolerance, increased insulin, total area under the curve of glucose and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance and dyslipidemia. The resulting metabolic disturbance in the HF rats caused renal inflammation, fibrosis and apoptosis progressing to kidney injury and dysfunction. Prebiotic RS including anthocyanin from BR at doses of 100 and 150 mg ameliorated insulin resistance, dyslipidemia and liver injury. Treatment with RS reduced TGF-β fibrotic and apoptotic pathways by inhibition of NF-κB and inflammatory cytokines which potentially restore kidney damage and dysfunction. In conclusion, prebiotic RS from BR ameliorated obesity induced renal injury and dysfunction by attenuating inflammatory, fibrotic, and apoptotic pathways in insulin resistant rats induced by HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laongdao Thongnak
- Renal Transporters and Molecular Signaling Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Princess Srisavangavadhana College of Medicine, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Onanong Jaruan
- Renal Transporters and Molecular Signaling Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Nattavadee Pengrattanachot
- Renal Transporters and Molecular Signaling Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Sasivimon Promsan
- Renal Transporters and Molecular Signaling Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Nichakorn Phengpol
- Renal Transporters and Molecular Signaling Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Prempree Sutthasupha
- Renal Transporters and Molecular Signaling Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Krit Jaikumkao
- Department of Radiologic Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Woraprapa Sriyotai
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Sugunya Mahatheeranont
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Anusorn Lungkaphin
- Renal Transporters and Molecular Signaling Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Functional Foods for Health and Disease, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Functional Food Research Center for Well-Being, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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20
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Poniedziałek-Czajkowska E, Mierzyński R, Leszczyńska-Gorzelak B. Preeclampsia and Obesity-The Preventive Role of Exercise. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:1267. [PMID: 36674022 PMCID: PMC9859423 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20021267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is now recognized as a worldwide epidemic. An inadequate diet and reduced physical activity are acknowledged as the leading causes of excess body weight. Despite growing evidence that obesity is a risk factor for unsuccessful pregnancies, almost half of all women who become pregnant today are overweight or obese. Common complications of pregnancy in this group of women are preeclampsia and gestational hypertension. These conditions are also observed more frequently in women with excessive weight gain during pregnancy. Preeclampsia is one of the most serious pregnancy complications with an unpredictable course, which in its most severe forms, threatens the life and health of the mother and her baby. The early identification of the risk factors for preeclampsia development, including obesity, allows for the implementation of prophylaxis and a reduction in maternal and fetal complications risk. Additionally, preeclampsia and obesity are the recognized risk factors for developing cardiovascular disease in later life, so prophylaxis and treating obesity are paramount for their prevention. Thus, a proper diet and physical activity might play an essential role in the prophylaxis of preeclampsia in this group of women. Limiting weight gain during pregnancy and modifying the metabolic risk factors with regular physical exercise creates favorable metabolic conditions for pregnancy development and benefits the elements of the pathogenetic sequence for preeclampsia development. In addition, it is inexpensive, readily available and, in the absence of contraindications to its performance, safe for the mother and fetus. However, for this form of prevention to be effective, it should be applied early in pregnancy and, for overweight and obese women, proposed as an essential part of planning pregnancy. This paper aims to present the mechanisms of the development of hypertension in pregnancy in obese women and the importance of exercise in its prevention.
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21
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Ou K, Zhang S, Song J, Fang L, Xia S, Huang J, Wang Q, Wang C. Prenatal EGCG consumption causes obesity and perturbs glucose homeostasis in adult mice. J Nutr Biochem 2023; 111:109179. [PMID: 36223832 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2022.109179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) has a wide consumption for its health advantages. The current study investigates the effects of prenatal EGCG administration on glucose metabolism and obesity in adulthood. Pregnant C57BL/6J mice were supplemented with EGCG in drinking water (3 µg/mL) for 16 d. Abdominal obesity was observed in both male and female adult mice, which was associated with the upregulation of adipose-specific genes, including C/ebpα and Srebf1 (Srebf1 only in males), and the downregulation of genes related to lipolysis, such as Acox1, Atgl and Pdk4 (only in males) in visceral adipose tissue. Elevated fasting glucose levels and hyperinsulinemia were observed in adult males, while females exhibit lower glucose level in glucose tolerance test, which might be due to reduced glucagon levels. Though hepatic expression of the insulin receptor signaling pathway was upregulated in males and was not altered in females, prenatal treatment with EGCG downregulated the expression of this signaling pathway in the skeletal muscle of adult mice, which was further demonstrated in primary human skeletal muscle cells treated with EGCG. The methylation levels in promotor of genes related to the insulin receptor signaling were matched with their transcription in mice, while the expression of acetylated histones was downregulated in human skeletal muscle cells. These results suggest that EGCG consumption during pregnancy should be a risk factor for the disruption of glucose homeostasis in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunlin Ou
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian Province, China
| | - Shenli Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian Province, China
| | - Jialin Song
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian Province, China
| | - Lu Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian Province, China
| | - Siyu Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian Province, China
| | - Jie Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian Province, China
| | - Qin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian Province, China.
| | - Chonggang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian Province, China.
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22
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Yalinbas EE, Akcilar R. Serum adiponectin levels and adiponectin +276 G/T gene polymorphism in newborns with large and small birth weights. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2022; 35:10638-10646. [PMID: 36415042 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2022.2150073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Adiponectin may be an important indicator in the regulation of fetal and neonatal growth due to its metabolism, energy balance, and insulin-sensitizing action. The current study's goal was to determine if there is a link between adiponectin +276 G/T gene polymorphism and serum adiponectin level in newborns classified as appropriate for gestational age (AGA), small for gestational age (SGA), or large for gestational age (LGA). METHODS The study included newborns classified as AGA (n = 65), SGA (n = 65), or LGA (n = 65) according to their gestational age or birth weight. To determine the presence of adiponectin +276 G/T gene polymorphism, genotyping was done using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to determine the level of adiponectin in the blood. RESULTS The SGA newborns had significantly lower levels of serum adiponectin than the AGA and LGA newborns. There were statistically significant differences between the genotype frequencies (GG, GT, TT) of the SGA newborns (29.9%, 45.1%, 13.9%), the AGA newborns (41.6%, 20.7%, 44.4%), and the LGA newborns (28.6%, 34.1%, 41.7%) (chi-square = 15.8; degree of freedom = 4; p = .003). The newborns carrying the GT genotype had an increased risk of being SGA compared to those carrying the GG and TT genotypes (odds ratio [OR] = 3.07; confidence interval [CI] = 95% (1.38-6.64); p = .005 and OR = 6.96; CI = 95% (2.19-22.1); p < .001, respectively). The newborns carrying the GG and TT genotypes had better protection against being SGA than those carrying the GT genotype (OR = 0.33; CI = 95% (0.15-0.72); p = .005 and OR = 0.14; CI = 95% (0.05-0.46); p < .001, respectively). The newborns carrying the GT genotype had lower birth weights, head circumferences, and ponderal indices than those carrying the TT genotype (p < .001). The serum adiponectin levels between adiponectin +276 G/T genotypes did not differ significantly (p = .429). In addition, serum adiponectin level showed a significant positive correlation with birth weight, birth length, head circumference, and ponderal index in all newborns. CONCLUSION The results of the current study suggest that the adiponectin +276 G/T gene polymorphism was associated with an increased chance of being born SGA or LGA. The effect of this polymorphism on newborn birth size was independently associated with serum adiponectin levels. Adiponectin may play a role in fetal growth.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Raziye Akcilar
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kütahya Health Sciences University, Kütahya, Turkey
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23
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Osmancevic A, Ottarsdottir K, Hellgren M, Lindblad U, Daka B. High C-reactive protein is associated with increased risk of biochemical hypogonadism: a population-based cohort study. Endocr Connect 2022; 11:EC-22-0141. [PMID: 35904226 PMCID: PMC9254292 DOI: 10.1530/ec-22-0141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Obesity seems to decrease levels of testosterone. It is still unknown what role inflammation plays in the secretion of testosterone in men. OBJECTIVE The objective is to study the association between levels of C-reactive protein and testosterone and its role in predicting biochemical hypogonadism in men. DESIGN This was a longitudinal observational study between 2002 and 2014 in Sweden. PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS At the first visit, a random population sample of 1400 men was included, and 645 men fulfilled a similar protocol at a 10-year follow-up visit. After exclusion, 625 men remained to be included in the final analyses. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Serum concentrations of testosterone and C-reactive protein (CRP) were measured at both visits. Bioavailable testosterone was calculated. Biochemical hypogonadism was defined as total testosterone levels <8 nmol/L. RESULTS At the first visit and in the longitudinal analyses, a strong association was found between high levels of CRP and low levels of calculated bioavailable testosterone even after adjustments for age, waist-hip ratio, hypertension, smoking, type 2 diabetes, and leisuretime physical activity (B = -0.31, 95% CI -0.49 to -0.13, P = 0.001, B = -0.26, 95% CI -0.41 to -0.11, P = 0.001). Similarly, increase with one s. d. in CRP was associated with increased risk of having hypogonadism after adjustment in the final model (odds ratio (OR) 1.76, 95% CI 1.12-2.78, P = 0.015, OR 1.80, 95% CI 1.16-2.78, P =0.008). CONCLUSIONS In this representative cohort of men in southwestern Sweden, high levels of CRP were longitudinally associated with low concentrations of calculated bioavailable testosterone and increased risk of biochemical hypogonadism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amar Osmancevic
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Kristin Ottarsdottir
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Margareta Hellgren
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ulf Lindblad
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Bledar Daka
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Correspondence should be addressed to B Daka:
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24
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Bungau SG, Tit DM, Vesa CM, Abid A, Szilagyi DV, Radu AF, Bungau AF, Tarce AG, Behl T, Stoicescu M, Brisc CM, Gitea D, Nechifor AC, Endres L. Non-conventional therapeutical approaches to acne vulgaris related to its association with metabolic disorders. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 923:174936. [PMID: 35378101 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.174936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The ever-increasing frequency of metabolic syndrome (MetS) is still a major challenge of the public health care system, worldwide. In recent years, researchers have been drawn to the uncommon (at first look) link between skin illnesses and MetS. Because of the pro-inflammatory mechanisms and insulin resistance (IR) that are upregulated in metabolic syndrome, many skin disorders are correlated to metabolic dysfunctions, including acne vulgaris. A comprehensive understanding of the link between MetS and acne vulgaris may contribute to the development of new treatment strategies. The current review focuses on dietary and therapeutic interventions and assesses the effect of various approaches such as improving diet by avoiding certain food products (i.e., milk and chocolate) or increasing the intake of others (i.e., food products rich in omega-3 fatty acids), metformin administration, therapy with plant extracts, plant essential oils, and probiotic supplementation on the improvement of certain acne vulgaris severity parameters. These therapeutic approaches, when combined with allopathic treatment, can improve the patients' quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Gabriela Bungau
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410028, Oradea, Romania; Doctoral School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, University of Oradea, 410087, Oradea, Romania.
| | - Delia Mirela Tit
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410028, Oradea, Romania; Doctoral School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, University of Oradea, 410087, Oradea, Romania.
| | - Cosmin Mihai Vesa
- Department of Preclinical Disciplines, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410073, Oradea, Romania.
| | - Areha Abid
- Department of Food and Bioproduct Science, College of Agriculture and Bioresources, University of Saskatchewan, Canada.
| | - Denisa-Viola Szilagyi
- Doctoral School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, University of Oradea, 410087, Oradea, Romania.
| | - Andrei-Flavius Radu
- Doctoral School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, University of Oradea, 410087, Oradea, Romania.
| | - Alexa Florina Bungau
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410073, Oradea, Romania.
| | | | - Tapan Behl
- Department of Pharmacology, Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, 140401, India.
| | - Manuela Stoicescu
- Department of Medical Disciplines, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410073, Oradea, Romania.
| | - Cristina Mihaela Brisc
- Department of Medical Disciplines, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410073, Oradea, Romania.
| | - Daniela Gitea
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410028, Oradea, Romania.
| | - Aurelia Cristina Nechifor
- Analytical Chemistry and Environmental Engineering Department, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 011061, Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Laura Endres
- Department of Psycho-neurosciences and Recovery, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410073, Oradea, Romania.
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25
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Miljkovic I, Cvejkus R, An P, Thyagarajan B, Christensen K, Wojczynski M, Schupf N, Zmuda JM. Low Risk for Developing Diabetes Among the Offspring of Individuals With Exceptional Longevity and Their Spouses. FRONTIERS IN CLINICAL DIABETES AND HEALTHCARE 2022; 3:753986. [PMID: 36992755 PMCID: PMC10012150 DOI: 10.3389/fcdhc.2022.753986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Little is known about the risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D) among the offspring of individuals with exceptional longevity. We determined the incidence of and potential risk and protective factors for T2D among the offspring of probands and offspring’s spouses (mean age=60 years, range 32-88 years) in the Long Life Family Study (LLFS), a multicenter cohort study of 583 two-generation families with a clustering of healthy aging and exceptional longevity. Incident T2D was defined as fasting serum glucose ≥126 mg/dl, or HbA1c of ≥6.5%, or self-reported with doctor diagnosis of T2D, or the use of anti-diabetic medication during a mean follow-up 7.9 ± 1.1 years. Among offspring (n=1105) and spouses (n=328) aged 45-64 years without T2D at baseline visit, the annual incident rate of T2D was 3.6 and 3.0 per 1000 person-years, respectively, while among offspring (n=444) and spouses (n=153) aged 65+ years without T2D at baseline, the annual incident rate of T2D was 7.2 and 7.4 per 1000 person-years, respectively. By comparison, the annual incident rate of T2D per 1000 person-years in the U.S. general population was 9.9 among those aged 45-64, and 8.8 among those aged 65+ years (2018 National Health Interview Survey). Baseline BMI, waist circumference, and fasting serum triglycerides were positively associated with incident T2D, whereas fasting serum HDL-C, adiponectin, and sex hormone binding globulin were protective against incident T2D among the offspring (all P<0.05). Similar associations were observed among their spouses (all P<0.05, except sex hormone binding globulin). In addition, we observed that among spouses, but not offspring, fasting serum interleukin 6 and insulin-like growth factor 1 were positively associated with incident T2D (P<0.05 for both). Our study suggests that both offspring of long-living individuals and their spouses, especially middle-aged, share a similar low risk for developing T2D as compared with the general population. Our findings also raise the possibility that distinct biological risk and protective factors may contribute to T2D risk among offspring of long-lived individuals when compared with their spouses. Future studies are needed to identify the mechanisms underlying low T2D risk among the offspring of individuals with exceptional longevity, and also among their spouses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iva Miljkovic
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- *Correspondence: Iva Miljkovic,
| | - Ryan Cvejkus
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Ping An
- Division of Statistical Genomics, Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Bharat Thyagarajan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Kaare Christensen
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Biodemography, Danish Aging Research Center, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Mary Wojczynski
- Division of Statistical Genomics, Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Nicole Schupf
- Taub Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Joseph M. Zmuda
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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26
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Ozcelik-Kose A, Imamoglu S, Aktekin A, Balci S, Yıldız MB, Ozturk Y, Yenerel NM. Effect of bariatric surgery on macular and peripapillary choroidal structures in young patients with morbid obesity. Can J Ophthalmol 2022; 57:370-375. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcjo.2022.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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27
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Yazdanimoghaddam F, Ghasemi M, Teamparvar H, Soltani N, Aghaei M, Rezazadeh H, Zadhoush F. Long-term GABA administration improves FNDC5, TFAM, and UCP3 mRNA expressions in the skeletal muscle and serum irisin levels in chronic type 2 diabetic rats. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2022; 395:417-428. [PMID: 35106626 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-022-02211-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to investigate whether the anti-diabetic effects of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and insulin can be mediated through the regulation of gene expression related to irisin production and mitochondrial biogenesis in type 2 diabetic mellitus (T2DM) rats. Four groups (n = 6) were used in this study: control, T2DM, T2DM + insulin, and T2DM + GABA groups. After T2DM induction for 3 months (high-fat diet + 35 mg/kg streptozotocin) and treatment with GABA or insulin for 3 months, circulating levels of FBG, triglyceride, LDL, Ox-LDL, and insulin as well as hepatic and serum irisin levels were measured. The mRNA expressions of fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5), mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM), and mitochondrial uncoupling protein 3 (UCP3) were also evaluated in the skeletal muscle of all groups. GABA therapy improved the FBG and insulin levels in diabetic rats. Insulin treatment significantly reduced FBG and failed to maintain glucose close to the control level. Insulin or GABA therapy significantly decreased the levels of LDL, Ox-LDL, and HOMA-IR index. Circulating irisin levels were markedly decreased in insulin-treated group, while irisin levels did not show significant changes in GABA-treated group compared with control group. GABA or insulin therapy increased mRNA expressions of TFAM and UCP3 in diabetic rats. GABA therapy also led to a significant increase in FNDC5 mRNA. Our findings suggest that the anti-diabetic effect of GABA may be mediated, in part, by a decrease in Ox-LDL levels and an increase in the levels of irisin as well as FNDC5, TFAM, and UCP3 gene expression in T2DM rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzaneh Yazdanimoghaddam
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Maedeh Ghasemi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hanif Teamparvar
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Nepton Soltani
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Aghaei
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hossein Rezazadeh
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Fouzieh Zadhoush
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
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28
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Lopes MES, Marcantonio CC, de Molon RS, Cerri PS, Salmon CR, Mofatto LS, Nociti Junior FH, Deschner J, Cirelli JA, Nogueira AVB. Obesity influences the proteome of periodontal ligament tissues following periodontitis induction in rats. J Periodontal Res 2022; 57:545-557. [PMID: 35246839 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Many studies have been conducted to better understand the molecular mechanism involved with periodontitis progression. There has been growing interest in the potential impact of obesity on periodontitis onset and progression, but the mechanisms involved remain to be elucidated. The present study was designed to determine the impact of obesity on experimentally induced periodontitis in rats and identify novel pathways involved. METHODS Sixteen Holtzman rats were distributed into two groups (n = 8): ligature-induced periodontitis (P) and obesity plus ligature-induced periodontitis (OP). Obesity was induced by a high-fat diet for 70 days, whereas periodontitis was induced for 20 days, with a cotton thread placed around the upper first molars bilaterally. Alveolar bone loss was measured by microtomographic analysis and histologically by histometry on the hemimaxillae. The protein composition of the periodontal ligament was evaluated by proteomic analysis. RESULTS Data analysis (body weight, adipose tissue weight, and blood test) confirmed obesity induction, whereas bone loss was confirmed by micro-CT and histologic analyses. Proteome analysis from the periodontal ligament tissues (PDL) identified 819 proteins, 53 exclusive to the P group, 28 exclusive to the OP group, and 738 commonly expressed. Validation was performed by immunohistochemistry for selected proteins (spondin1, vinculin, and TRAP). CONCLUSION Histologically, it was found that obesity did not significantly affect bone loss resulting from periodontitis. However, the present study's findings indicated that obesity affects the proteome of PDL submitted to experimental periodontitis, allowing for identifying potential targets for personalized approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Eduarda Scordamaia Lopes
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, School of Dentistry at Araraquara, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Camila Chierici Marcantonio
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, School of Dentistry at Araraquara, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Rafael Scaf de Molon
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, School of Dentistry at Araraquara, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Paulo Sérgio Cerri
- Department of Morphology, School of Dentistry at Araraquara, São Paulo State University, Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Ribeiro Salmon
- Division of Periodontics, Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Luciana Souto Mofatto
- Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Francisco Humberto Nociti Junior
- Division of Periodontics, Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Piracicaba, Brazil.,São Leopoldo Mandic Research Center, Campinas, Brazil
| | - James Deschner
- Department of Periodontology and Operative Dentistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Joni Augusto Cirelli
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, School of Dentistry at Araraquara, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Andressa Vilas Boas Nogueira
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, School of Dentistry at Araraquara, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Araraquara, Brazil.,Department of Periodontology and Operative Dentistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
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29
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Assumpção JAF, Pasquarelli-do-Nascimento G, Duarte MSV, Bonamino MH, Magalhães KG. The ambiguous role of obesity in oncology by promoting cancer but boosting antitumor immunotherapy. J Biomed Sci 2022; 29:12. [PMID: 35164764 PMCID: PMC8842976 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-022-00796-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is nowadays considered a pandemic which prevalence's has been steadily increasingly in western countries. It is a dynamic, complex, and multifactorial disease which propitiates the development of several metabolic and cardiovascular diseases, as well as cancer. Excessive adipose tissue has been causally related to cancer progression and is a preventable risk factor for overall and cancer-specific survival, associated with poor prognosis in cancer patients. The onset of obesity features a state of chronic low-grade inflammation and secretion of a diversity of adipocyte-derived molecules (adipokines, cytokines, hormones), responsible for altering the metabolic, inflammatory, and immune landscape. The crosstalk between adipocytes and tumor cells fuels the tumor microenvironment with pro-inflammatory factors, promoting tissue injury, mutagenesis, invasion, and metastasis. Although classically established as a risk factor for cancer and treatment toxicity, recent evidence suggests mild obesity is related to better outcomes, with obese cancer patients showing better responses to treatment when compared to lean cancer patients. This phenomenon is termed obesity paradox and has been reported in different types and stages of cancer. The mechanisms underlying this paradoxical relationship between obesity and cancer are still not fully described but point to systemic alterations in metabolic fitness and modulation of the tumor microenvironment by obesity-associated molecules. Obesity impacts the response to cancer treatments, such as chemotherapy and immunotherapy, and has been reported as having a positive association with immune checkpoint therapy. In this review, we discuss obesity's association to inflammation and cancer, also highlighting potential physiological and biological mechanisms underlying this association, hoping to clarify the existence and impact of obesity paradox in cancer development and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mariana Saldanha Viegas Duarte
- Immunology and Tumor Biology Program - Research Coordination, Brazilian National Cancer Institute (INCA), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Martín Hernan Bonamino
- Immunology and Tumor Biology Program - Research Coordination, Brazilian National Cancer Institute (INCA), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Vice - Presidency of Research and Biological Collections (VPPCB), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Kelly Grace Magalhães
- Laboratory of Immunology and Inflammation, Department of Cell Biology, University of Brasilia, Brasília, DF, Brazil.
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Turmeric extract alleviates endocrine-metabolic disturbances in letrozole-induced PCOS by increasing adiponectin circulation: A comparison with Metformin. Metabol Open 2022; 13:100160. [PMID: 35005596 PMCID: PMC8717583 DOI: 10.1016/j.metop.2021.100160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the most common causes of female infertility is polycystic ovarian syndrome, which affects 6–21% of the population. Regrettably, the currently available treatments are mostly symptomatic and ineffective. As a result, safer options are needed now more than ever. In a letrozole PCOS albino mouse model, the current study compares the therapeutic advantages of Turmeric extract (Curcuma longa) to metformin. Adiponectin is a circulating protein generated by adipocytes that has been linked to metabolic diseases (MDs) in an inverse relationship. The effects of Turmeric Extract (Curcuma Longa) in contrast to Metformin, as well as the involvement of adiponectin in endocrine-metabolic abnormalities in experimentally induced PCOS mice model, were studied in this study. Letrozole (6 mg/kg) was administered orally (p.o) for 21 days to induce PCOS, followed by a dose of Turmeric Extract (Curcuma longa) (175 mg/kg and p.o) and Metformin (150 mg/kg) for 30 days, both with normal saline water (0.9%) as the carrier. The findings revealed that LET-treated mice displayed PCOS-like characteristics, such as higher LH levels, increased body weight growth, and ovarian morphology with numerous cysts, increase in fasting blood glucose, lipid profile, plasma lipid peroxidation (MDA) and IL-6, as well as a decrease in serum Progesterone, Estrogen, FSH, SOD and GSH levels in the ovary. These changes were linked to lower levels of circulating adiponectin and were reversed when treated Turmeric extract. By altering circulating androgen-adiponectin balance, the data implies that Turmeric extract alleviates endocrine-metabolic abnormalities and inflammation-related comorbidities associated with LET-induced PCOS.
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Abdullah W, Akram N, Ibrahim B. Factors contribute to elevated blood pressure values in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus: A review. MEDICAL JOURNAL OF BABYLON 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/mjbl.mjbl_58_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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Bourgeois BL, Lin HY, Yeh AY, Levitt DE, Primeaux SD, Ferguson TF, Molina PE, Simon L. Unique circulating microRNA associations with dysglycemia in people living with HIV and alcohol use. Physiol Genomics 2022; 54:36-44. [PMID: 34859690 PMCID: PMC8891241 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00085.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
People living with HIV (PLWH) have increased prevalence of comorbid conditions including insulin resistance and at-risk alcohol use. Circulating microRNAs (miRs) may serve as minimally invasive indicators of pathophysiological states. We aimed to identify whether alcohol modulates circulating miR associations with measures of glucose/insulin dynamics in PLWH. PLWH (n = 96; 69.8% males) enrolled in the Alcohol & Metabolic Comorbidities in PLWH: Evidence-Driven Interventions (ALIVE-Ex) study were stratified into negative phosphatidylethanol (PEth < 8 ng/mL, n = 42) and positive PEth (PEth ≥ 8 ng/mL, n = 54) groups. An oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was administered, and total RNA was isolated from fasting plasma to determine absolute miR expression. Circulating miRs were selected based on their role in skeletal muscle (miR-133a and miR-206), pancreatic β-cell (miR-375), liver (miR-20a), and adipose tissue (miR-let-7b, miR-146a, and miR-221) function. Correlation and multiple regression analyses between miR expression and adiponectin, 2 h glucose, insulin, and C-peptide values were performed adjusting for body mass index (BMI) category, age, sex, and viral load. miR-133a was negatively associated with adiponectin (P = 0.002) in the negative PEth group, and miR-20a was positively associated with 2 h glucose (P = 0.013) in the positive PEth group. Regression analyses combining miRs demonstrated that miR-133a (P < 0.001) and miR-221 (P = 0.010) together predicted adiponectin in the negative PEth group. miR-20a (P < 0.001) and miR-375 (P = 0.002) together predicted 2 h glucose in the positive PEth group. Our results indicate that associations between miRs and measures of glucose/insulin dynamics differed between PEth groups, suggesting that the pathophysiological mechanisms contributing to altered glucose homeostasis in PLWH are potentially modulated by alcohol use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brianna L. Bourgeois
- 1Department of Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana,2Comprehensive Alcohol-HIV/AIDS Research Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Hui-Yi Lin
- 2Comprehensive Alcohol-HIV/AIDS Research Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana,3School of Public Health, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Alice Y. Yeh
- 1Department of Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Danielle E. Levitt
- 1Department of Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana,2Comprehensive Alcohol-HIV/AIDS Research Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Stefany D. Primeaux
- 1Department of Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana,4Joint Diabetes, Endocrinology & Metabolism Program, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - Tekeda F. Ferguson
- 1Department of Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana,2Comprehensive Alcohol-HIV/AIDS Research Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana,5Department of Epidemiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Patricia E. Molina
- 1Department of Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana,2Comprehensive Alcohol-HIV/AIDS Research Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Liz Simon
- 1Department of Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana,2Comprehensive Alcohol-HIV/AIDS Research Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
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El Mouhayyar C, Dewald J, Cabrales J, Tighiouart H, Moraco AH, Jaber BL, Balakrishnan VS. Factors Associated with Severity of Acute Kidney Injury and Adverse Outcomes in Critically Ill Patients with COVID-19. Nephron Clin Pract 2022; 146:584-592. [PMID: 35675790 PMCID: PMC9393776 DOI: 10.1159/000524657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a well-recognized complication of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The short and long-term outcomes of patients who develop AKI have not been well characterized. METHODS In this multicenter retrospective cohort study, we describe the clinical characteristics and outcomes of critically ill adults with severe COVID-19 and AKI. Patient-level variables were extracted from the electronic medical record. Using nadir-to-peak serum creatinine, AKI was defined using the KDIGO definition. Multivariable logistic regression analyses examined factors associated with development of moderate-to-severe (stage 2-3) AKI, severe (stage-3) AKI, and the composite of renal replacement therapy (RRT) or in-hospital death. RESULTS Among 459 critically ill adults with COVID-19, 371 (80.1%) developed AKI, with 179 (37.9%) developing stage-3 AKI. Male gender, black and Asian/Native American race, lower baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), higher body mass index (BMI), and higher Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) IV score were more prevalent among patients with severe AKI, as were systemic markers of inflammation. On multivariable analysis, male gender, black and Asian/Native American race, higher APACHE IV score, lower baseline eGFR, and higher BMI (mainly the highest BMI stratum ≥35 kg/m2) were independently associated with higher stages of AKI severity. Male gender, lower baseline eGFR, and higher APACHE IV score were also independently associated with the composite of RRT or in-hospital death. Moderate-to-severe AKI and severe AKI were independently associated with in-hospital death, and there was a significant interaction between BMI and moderate-to-severe AKI for the outcome of in-hospital death. Among 83 (18.1%) patients who required RRT, 27 (32.5%) survived, and 12 (44.4%) remained dialysis-dependent at discharge. At 3 and 6 months, 5 (41.7%) and 4 (33.3%) remained dialysis-dependent, respectively. CONCLUSIONS AKI is common in critically ill adults with COVID-19. Several patient-level risk factors are associated with higher stages of AKI severity. BMI might be an effect modifier of AKI severity for in-hospital death. Among AKI survivors, there is a high rate of short- and long-term dialysis dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher El Mouhayyar
- Department of Medicine, St. Elizabeth's Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA, .,Department of Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA,
| | - Jonathan Dewald
- Department of Medicine, St. Elizabeth's Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, St. Elizabeth's Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jose Cabrales
- Department of Medicine, St. Elizabeth's Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Hocine Tighiouart
- Institute for Clinical Research and Health Policy Studies, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Tufts Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Andrew H Moraco
- Department of Medicine, St. Elizabeth's Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, St. Elizabeth's Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Bertrand L Jaber
- Department of Medicine, St. Elizabeth's Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Division of Nephrology, St. Elizabeth's Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Vaidyanathapuram S Balakrishnan
- Department of Medicine, St. Elizabeth's Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Division of Nephrology, St. Elizabeth's Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Abstract
Two decades of research have established that Nuclear Factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling plays a critical role in reprogramming the fat cell transcriptome towards inflammation in response to overnutrition and metabolic stress. Several groups have suggested that inhibition of NF-κB signaling could have metabolic benefits for obesity-associated adipose tissue inflammation. However, two significant problems arise with this approach. The first is how to deliver general NF-κB inhibitors into adipocytes without allowing these compounds to disrupt normal functioning in cells of the immune system. The second issue is that general inhibition of canonical NF-κB signaling in adipocytes will likely lead to a massive increase in adipocyte apoptosis under conditions of metabolic stress, leading full circle into a secondary inflammation (However, this problem may not be true for non-canonical NF-κB signaling.). This review will focus on the research that has examined canonical and non-canonical NF-κB signaling in adipocytes, focusing on genetic studies that examine loss-of-function of NF-κB specifically in fat cells. Although the development of general inhibitors of canonical NF-κB signaling seems unlikely to succeed in alleviating adipose tissue inflammation in humans, the door remains open for more targeted therapeutics. In principle, these would include compounds that interrogate NF-κB DNA binding, protein-protein interactions, or post-translational modifications that partition NF-κB activity towards some genes and away from others in adipocytes. I also discuss the possibility for inhibitors of non-canonical NF-κB signaling to realize success in mitigating fat cell dysfunction in obesity. To plant the seeds for such approaches, much biochemical “digging” in adipocytes remains; this includes identifying—in an unbiased manner–NF-κB direct and indirect targets, genomic DNA binding sites for all five NF-κB subunits, NF-κB protein-protein interactions, and post-translational modifications of NF-κB in fat cells.
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Fuentes-Romero B, Muñoz-Prieto A, Cerón JJ, Martín-Cuervo M, Iglesias-García M, Aguilera-Tejero E, Díez-Castro E. Measurement of Plasma Resistin Concentrations in Horses with Metabolic and Inflammatory Disorders. Animals (Basel) 2021; 12:ani12010077. [PMID: 35011183 PMCID: PMC8744951 DOI: 10.3390/ani12010077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Obesity and its associated complications, such as metabolic syndrome, are an increasing problem in both humans and horses in the developed world. Adipose tissue is a key endocrine organ that communicates with other organs by multiple endocrine substances called adipokines. There is evidence to suggest that adipokines may contribute to the regulation of biological processes, such as metabolism, immunity, and inflammation. The aim of this study was to investigate the usefulness of one of these adipokines in horses, resistin, and its relationship with insulin dysregulation (ID) and inflammation. Seventy-two horses, included in one of the four following groups, were studied: healthy controls, horses with inflammatory conditions, horses with mild, and horses with severe ID. Plasma resistin concentrations were significantly different between groups, and the highest values were recorded in the inflammatory and severe ID groups. The lack of correlation of resistin with basal insulin concentration and the significant correlation of resistin with the inflammatory marker serum amyloid A suggest that, as is the case in humans, plasma resistin concentrations in horses are predominantly related to inflammatory conditions and not to ID. Abstract Obesity and its associated complications, such as metabolic syndrome, are an increasing problem in both humans and horses in the developed world. The expression patterns of resistin differ considerably between species. In rodents, resistin is expressed by adipocytes and is related to obesity and ID. In humans, resistin is predominantly produced by inflammatory cells, and resistin concentrations do not reflect the degree of obesity, although they may predict cardiovascular outcomes. The aim of this study was to investigate the usefulness of resistin and its relationship with ID and selected indicators of inflammation in horses. Seventy-two horses, included in one of the four following groups, were studied: healthy controls (C, n = 14), horses with inflammatory conditions (I, n = 21), horses with mild ID (ID1, n = 18), and horses with severe ID (ID2, n = 19). Plasma resistin concentrations were significantly different between groups and the higher values were recorded in the I and ID2 groups (C: 2.38 ± 1.69 ng/mL; I: 6.85 ± 8.38 ng/mL; ID1: 2.41 ± 2.70 ng/mL; ID2: 4.49 ± 3.08 ng/mL). Plasma resistin was not correlated with basal insulin concentrations. A significant (r = 0.336, p = 0.002) correlation was found between resistin and serum amyloid A. Our results show that, as is the case in humans, plasma resistin concentrations in horses are predominantly related to inflammatory conditions and not to ID. Horses with severe ID showed an elevation in resistin that may be secondary to the inflammatory status associated with metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Fuentes-Romero
- Department of Equine Internal Medicine, University of Extremadura, 10004 Cáceres, Spain;
- Correspondence:
| | - Alberto Muñoz-Prieto
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, Interlab-UMU, University of Murcia, 30003 Murcia, Spain; (A.M.-P.); (J.J.C.)
| | - José J. Cerón
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, Interlab-UMU, University of Murcia, 30003 Murcia, Spain; (A.M.-P.); (J.J.C.)
| | - María Martín-Cuervo
- Department of Equine Internal Medicine, University of Extremadura, 10004 Cáceres, Spain;
| | | | | | - Elisa Díez-Castro
- Department of Equine Internal Medicine, University of Córdoba, 14014 Córdoba, Spain; (E.A.-T.); (E.D.-C.)
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Jang D, Jeong H, Kim CE, Leem J. A System-Level Mechanism of Anmyungambi Decoction for Obesity: A Network Pharmacological Approach. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11121881. [PMID: 34944525 PMCID: PMC8699029 DOI: 10.3390/biom11121881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a low-grade systemic inflammatory disease involving adipocytokines. As though Anmyungambi decoction (AMGB) showed significant improvement on obesity in a clinical trial, the molecular mechanism of AMGB in obesity remains unknown. Therefore, we explored the potential mechanisms of action of AMGB on obesity through network pharmacological approaches. We revealed that targets of AMGB are significantly associated with obesity-related and adipocyte-elevated genes. Evodiamine, berberine, genipin, palmitic acid, genistein, and quercetin were shown to regulate adipocytokine signaling pathway proteins which mainly involved tumor necrosis factor receptor 1, leptin receptor. In terms of the regulatory pathway of lipolysis in adipocytes, norephedrine, pseudoephedrine, quercetin, and limonin were shown to affect adrenergic receptor-beta, protein kinase A, etc. We also found that AMGB has the potentials to enhance the insulin signaling pathway thereby preventing type II diabetes mellitus. Additionally, AMGB was discovered to be able to control not only insulin-related proteins but also inflammatory mediators and apoptotic regulators and caspases, hence reducing hepatocyte injury in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Our findings help develop a better understanding of how AMGB controls obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyeop Jang
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam-si 13121, Korea; (D.J.); (H.J.)
| | - Hayeong Jeong
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam-si 13121, Korea; (D.J.); (H.J.)
| | - Chang-Eop Kim
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam-si 13121, Korea; (D.J.); (H.J.)
- Correspondence: (C.-E.K.); (J.L.); Tel.: +82-31-750-5493 (C.-E.K.); +82-63-850-6984 (J.L.)
| | - Jungtae Leem
- Research Center of Traditional Korean Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Wonkwang University, 460, Iksan-daero, Sin-dong, Iksan 54538, Korea
- Correspondence: (C.-E.K.); (J.L.); Tel.: +82-31-750-5493 (C.-E.K.); +82-63-850-6984 (J.L.)
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Şimşek F, Ceylan M, Kızıltunç A, İyigün İ. The correlation between carbamazepine and valproic acid monotherapy with serum adiponectin and carnitine. Acta Neurol Belg 2021; 121:1823-1830. [PMID: 33242193 DOI: 10.1007/s13760-020-01552-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Antiepileptic drugs may cause systemic and metabolic side effects. The aim of our study was to investigate the effects of valproic acid and carbamazepine monotherapy used in the treatment of epilepsy patients on serum adiponectin and carnitine levels. The study included 60 patients, of which 30 patients receiving valproic acid monotherapy and 30 patients receiving carbamazepine monotherapy, who were followed up by the epilepsy outpatient clinic with the diagnosis of idiopathic epilepsy, and 30 healthy volunteers. Patients, who used drugs for at least 6 months, were selected. Venous blood samples were collected from the patients and healthy volunteers after their consent was obtained. Serum carnitine and adiponectin levels in the collected samples were measured using the ELISA method. Serum carnitine levels were 5166.55 ng/ml (± 1954.92) in patients receiving carbamazepine, 4224.56 ng/ml (± 2055.54) in patients using valproic acid, and 5802.64 ng/ml (± 3422.57) in the control group. Serum adiponectin levels were 13,606.51 ng/ml (± 5915.92) in patients using carbamazepine, 11,986.58 ng/ml (± 5367.82) in patients receiving valproic acid, and 14,033.43 ng/ml (± 5646.34) in the control group. In both groups, both serum carnitine and serum adiponectin levels were lower than the control group. There was a negative but insignificant correlation between the duration and dose of carbamazepine and valproic acid drug use and serum adiponectin and carnitine levels. There is a need for more extensive studies with larger sample size to investigate the effect of antiepileptic drugs used on serum adiponectin and carnitine levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Şimşek
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey.
| | - Mustafa Ceylan
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Kızıltunç
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - İbrahim İyigün
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
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Impact of Bariatric Surgery on Adipose Tissue Biology. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10235516. [PMID: 34884217 PMCID: PMC8658722 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10235516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Bariatric surgery (BS) procedures are actually the most effective intervention to help subjects with severe obesity achieve significant and sustained weight loss. White adipose tissue (WAT) is increasingly recognized as the largest endocrine organ. Unhealthy WAT expansion through adipocyte hypertrophy has pleiotropic effects on adipocyte function and promotes obesity-associated metabolic complications. WAT dysfunction in obesity encompasses an altered adipokine secretome, unresolved inflammation, dysregulated autophagy, inappropriate extracellular matrix remodeling and insufficient angiogenic potential. In the last 10 years, accumulating evidence suggests that BS can improve the WAT function beyond reducing the fat depot sizes. The causal relationships between improved WAT function and the health benefits of BS merits further investigation. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the short-, medium- and long-term outcomes of BS on the WAT composition and function.
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He S, Ryu J, Liu J, Luo H, Lv Y, Langlais PR, Wen J, Dong F, Sun Z, Xia W, Lynch JL, Duggirala R, Nicholson BJ, Zang M, Shi Y, Zhang F, Liu F, Bai J, Dong LQ. LRG1 is an adipokine that mediates obesity-induced hepatosteatosis and insulin resistance. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:148545. [PMID: 34730111 DOI: 10.1172/jci148545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation in adipokine biosynthesis and function contributes to obesity-induced metabolic diseases. However, the identities and functions of many of the obesity-induced secretory molecules remain unknown. Here, we report the identification of leucine-rich alpha-2-glycoprotein 1 (LRG1) as an obesity-associated adipokine that exacerbates high fat diet-induced hepatosteatosis and insulin resistance. Serum levels of LRG1 were markedly elevated in obese humans and mice compared to their respective controls. LRG1 deficiency in mice greatly alleviated diet-induced hepatosteatosis, obesity, and insulin resistance. Mechanistically, LRG1 bound with high selectivity to the liver and promoted hepatosteatosis by increasing de novo lipogenesis and suppressing fatty acid β-oxidation. LRG1 also inhibited hepatic insulin signaling by down-regulating insulin receptor substrates 1 and 2. Our study identified LRG1 as a key molecule that mediates the crosstalk between adipocytes and hepatocytes in diet-induced hepatosteatosis and insulin resistance. Suppressing LRG1 expression and function may be a promising strategy for the treatment of obesity-related metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijia He
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health at San Antonio, San Antonio, United States of America
| | - Jiyoon Ryu
- Department of Cell Systems & Anatomy, University of Texas Health at San Antonio, San Antonio, United States of America
| | - Juanhong Liu
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hairong Luo
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology Clinical Research Center for Met, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ying Lv
- Novo Nordisk Research Centre China, Novo Nordisk Research Centre China, Beijing, China
| | - Paul R Langlais
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, United States of America
| | - Jie Wen
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Feng Dong
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health at San Antonio, San Antonio, United States of America
| | - Zhe Sun
- Novo Nordisk Research Centre China, Novo Nordisk Research Centre China, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjuan Xia
- Novo Nordisk Research Centre China, Novo Nordisk Research Centre China, Beijing, China
| | - Jane L Lynch
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Health at San Antonio, San Antonio, United States of America
| | - Ravindranath Duggirala
- Department of Human Genetics and South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, United States of America
| | - Bruce J Nicholson
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health at San Antonio, San Antonio, United States of America
| | - Mengwei Zang
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health at San Antonio, San Antonio, United States of America
| | - Yuguang Shi
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health at San Antonio, San Antonio, United States of America
| | - Fang Zhang
- Novo Nordisk Research Centre China, Novo Nordisk Research Centre China, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health at San Antonio, San Antonio, United States of America
| | - Juli Bai
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health at San Antonio, San Antonio, United States of America
| | - Lily Q Dong
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health at San Antonio, San Antonio, United States of America
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Krivoshapova KE, Masenko VL, Bazdyrev ED, Barbarash OL. Osteosarcopenic obesity in cardiovascular patients. Controversial and open issues. КАРДИОВАСКУЛЯРНАЯ ТЕРАПИЯ И ПРОФИЛАКТИКА 2021. [DOI: 10.15829/1728-8800-2021-2787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
See “Inflammaging in the pathogenesis of chronic non-communicable diseases”, Kim O. T. in Opinion of invited editor, pp. 54-55.The study of osteosarcopenic obesity (OSO) in patients with cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) in recent years has caused a dis-cussion on common pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, obesity, progressive loss of skeletal and muscle mass. Are these processes independent age-related conditions or comorbidities with common links of pathogenesis? The aim of this review was to analyze studies on OSO in patients with CVDs. We used following electronic databases: PubMed, Clinical Trials, Google Scholar, www.elibrary.ru. Based on this analysis, modern ideas on the etiology, epidemiology and pathogenesis of OSO in elderly and senile patients with atherosclerosis were described. The authors concluded that absence of standards for OSO diagnosis and inadequate clinical suspicion of specialists during routine examination is one of the main causes of its insufficient detection in elderly patients with CVDs. The results of analyzed studies allow us to consider the OSO and atherosclerotic changes as a single link of cardiovascular continuum. Eliminating the negative effect of chronic inflammation on human body should be considered as a key mechanism in the treatment of OSO and atherosclerosis. However, more research is needed in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - V. L. Masenko
- Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases
| | - E. D. Bazdyrev
- Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases
| | - O. L. Barbarash
- Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases
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Mothers' cafeteria diet induced sex-specific changes in fat content, metabolic profiles, and inflammation outcomes in rat offspring. Sci Rep 2021; 11:18573. [PMID: 34535697 PMCID: PMC8448886 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-97487-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
“Western diet” containing high concentrations of sugar and fat consumed during pregnancy contributes to development of obesity and diabetes type 2 in offspring. To mimic effects of this diet in animals, a cafeteria (CAF) diet is used. We hypothesized that CAF diet given to rats before, and during pregnancy and lactation differently influences fat content, metabolic and inflammation profiles in offspring. Females were exposed to CAF or control diets before pregnancy, during pregnancy and lactation. At postnatal day 25 (PND 25), body composition, fat contents were measured, and blood was collected for assessment of metabolic and inflammation profiles. We have found that CAF diet lead to sex-specific alterations in offspring. At PND25, CAF offspring had: (1) higher percentage of fat content, and were lighter; (2) sex-specific differences in levels of glucose; (3) higher levels of interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin-10 (IL-10) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α); (4) sex-specific differences in concentration of IL-6 and TNF-α, with an increase in CAF females; (5) higher level of IL-10 in both sexes, with a more pronounced increase in females. We concluded that maternal CAF diet affects fat content, metabolic profiles, and inflammation parameters in offspring. Above effects are sex-specific, with female offspring being more susceptible to the diet.
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Ellulu MS, Naser IA, Abuhajar SM, Najim AA. Determination of risk factors associated with inflammation in hypertensive patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus in a Palestinian Diabetes Study. Curr Med Res Opin 2021; 37:1451-1459. [PMID: 34125641 DOI: 10.1080/03007995.2021.1941826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the risk factors associated with inflammation in hypertensive patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus. METHODS A total of 164 hypertensive patients with type 2 diabetes patients aged 38-60 years were selected from 7 primary healthcare centers in Gaza city, Palestine. Interview questionnaire were employed to collect data related to age, gender, smoking habits, and physical activity pattern. Laboratory biochemical tests included fasting blood glucose (FBG), triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), interleukin 6 (IL-6), high sensitive C reactive protein (hs-CRP), and adiponectin were estimated in all patients. RESULTS The study involved 118 (72%) women and 46 (28%) men; the mean of age was 53.7 ± 0.46 years. A tertile of inflammation feature with hs-CRP was developed. The highest tertile of hs-CRP was significantly associated with women, higher obesity indices, metabolic dysregulation involving lipid profile markers, FBG and blood pressure, IL-6, and lower adiponectin. After adjusting for age, gender, smoking habits, and physical activity; the risk factor of high level of hs-CRP were the increased body mass index [OR: 1.17, p = .018], IL-6 [OR: 2.22, p = .025] and FBG [OR: 1.01, p = .007], as well as reduced adiponectin [OR: 0.81, p = .002]. CONCLUSION The inflammation state was affected by obesity and had been related to altered adipokines levels of IL-6 and adiponectin, as well as affected by the glycemic control, as evidenced by higher serum level of FBG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed S Ellulu
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Al-Azhar University of Gaza (AUG), Gaza City, State of Palestine
| | - Ihab A Naser
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Al-Azhar University of Gaza (AUG), Gaza City, State of Palestine
| | - Sahar M Abuhajar
- Master Program of Clinical Nutrition, Al Azhar University - Gaza (AUG), Gaza City, State of Palestine
| | - Ahmed A Najim
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Al-Azhar University of Gaza (AUG), Gaza City, State of Palestine
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Mora AM, Lewnard JA, Kogut K, Rauch SA, Hernandez S, Wong MP, Huen K, Chang C, Jewell NP, Holland N, Harris E, Cuevas M, Eskenazi B. Risk Factors Associated With SARS-CoV-2 Infection Among Farmworkers in Monterey County, California. JAMA Netw Open 2021; 4:e2124116. [PMID: 34524438 PMCID: PMC8444020 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.24116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Importance Essential workers in agriculture and food production have been severely affected by the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Objective To identify risk factors associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection among farmworkers in California. Design, Setting, and Participants This cross-sectional study invited farmworkers in California's Salinas Valley (Monterey County) receiving transcription-mediated amplification (TMA) tests for SARS-CoV-2 infection at federally qualified community clinics and community sites to participate. Individuals were eligible if they were not pregnant, were 18 years or older, had conducted farmwork since the pandemic started, and were proficient in English or Spanish. Survey data were collected and SARS-CoV-2 tests were conducted among participants from July 16 to November 30, 2020. Exposures Sociodemographic, household, community, and workplace characteristics. Main Outcomes and Measures TMA- and immunoglobulin G (IgG)-positive SARS-CoV-2 infection. Results A total of 1107 farmworkers (581 [52.5%] women; mean [SD] age, 39.7 [12.6] years) were included in these analyses. Most participants were born in Mexico (922 [83.3%]), were married or living with a partner (697 [63.0%]), and worked in the fields (825 [74.5%]). Overall, 118 of 911 (13.0%) had a positive result on their TMA test for SARS-CoV-2 infection, whereas 201 of 1058 (19.0%) had antibody evidence of infection. In multivariable analyses accounting for recruitment venue and enrollment period, the incidence of TMA-positive SARS-CoV-2 infection was higher among those with lower than primary school-level education (adjusted relative risk [aRR], 1.32; 95% CI, 0.99-1.76; non-statistically significant finding), who spoke an Indigenous language at home (aRR, 1.30; 95% CI, 0.97-1.73; non-statistically significant finding), who worked in the fields (aRR, 1.60; 95% CI, 1.03-2.50), and who were exposed to a known or suspected COVID-19 case at home (aRR, 2.98; 95% CI, 2.06-4.32) or in the workplace (aRR, 1.59; 95% CI, 1.18-2.14). Positive results on IgG tests for SARS-CoV-2 infection were more common among those who lived in crowded housing (aRR, 1.23; 95% CI, 0.98-1.53; non-statistically significant finding), with children aged 5 years or younger (aRR, 1.40; 95% CI, 1.11-1.76), with unrelated roommates (aRR, 1.40; 95% CI, 1.19-1.64), and with an individual with known or suspected COVID-19 (aRR, 1.59; 95% CI, 1.13-2.24). The risk of IgG positivity was also higher among those with body mass index of 30 or greater (aRR, 1.65; 95% CI, 1.01-2.70) or diabetes (aRR, 1.31; 95% CI, 0.98-1.75; non-statistically significant finding). Conclusions and Relevance In this cross-sectional study of farmworkers in California, both residential and workplace exposures were associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Urgent distribution of COVID-19 vaccines and intervention on modifiable risk factors are warranted given this population's increased risk of infection and the essential nature of their work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana M. Mora
- Center for Environmental Research and Children’s Health, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley
- Central American Institute for Studies on Toxic Substances, Universidad Nacional, Heredia, Costa Rica
| | - Joseph A. Lewnard
- Center for Computational Biology, College of Engineering, University of California, Berkeley
- Division of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley
- Division of Infectious Diseases & Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley
| | - Katherine Kogut
- Center for Environmental Research and Children’s Health, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley
| | - Stephen A. Rauch
- Center for Environmental Research and Children’s Health, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley
| | - Samantha Hernandez
- Division of Infectious Diseases & Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley
| | - Marcus P. Wong
- Division of Infectious Diseases & Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley
| | - Karen Huen
- Center for Environmental Research and Children’s Health, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley
| | - Cynthia Chang
- Center for Environmental Research and Children’s Health, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley
| | - Nicholas P. Jewell
- Department of Medical Statistics, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
- Division of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley
| | - Nina Holland
- Center for Environmental Research and Children’s Health, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley
| | - Eva Harris
- Division of Infectious Diseases & Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley
| | | | - Brenda Eskenazi
- Center for Environmental Research and Children’s Health, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley
- Division of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley
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Primeaux SD, Simon L, Ferguson TF, Levitt DE, Brashear MM, Yeh A, Molina PE. Alcohol use and dysglycemia among people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in the Alcohol & Metabolic Comorbidities in PLWH: Evidence Driven Interventions (ALIVE-Ex) study. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2021; 45:1735-1746. [PMID: 34342022 PMCID: PMC8547613 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND At-risk alcohol use is a common and costly form of substance misuse that is highly prevalent among people living with HIV (PLWH). The goal of the current analysis was to test the hypothesis that PLWH with at-risk alcohol use are more likely to meet the clinical criteria for prediabetes/diabetes than PLWH with low-risk alcohol use. METHODS A cross-sectional analysis was performed on measures of alcohol and glycemic control in adult PLWH (n = 105) enrolled in a prospective, interventional study (the ALIVE-Ex Study (NCT03299205)) that investigated the effects of aerobic exercise on metabolic dysregulation in PLWH with at-risk alcohol use. The Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT), Timeline Followback, and phosphatidylethanol (PEth) level were used to measure alcohol use. Participants were stratified into low-risk (AUDIT score < 5) and at-risk alcohol use (AUDIT score ≥ 5). All participants underwent an oral glucose tolerance test and measures of glycemic control- the Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) and Matsuda Index - were correlated with alcohol measures and compared by AUDIT score group using mixed-effects linear and logistic regression models, adjusting for age, sex, race, body mass index (BMI), and viral load. RESULTS In response to the glucose challenge, participants with at-risk alcohol use (n = 46) had higher glucose levels and were five times more likely to meet criteria for prediabetes/diabetes (OR: 5.3 (1.8, 15.9)) than participants with an AUDIT score < 5. Two-hour glucose values were positively associated with AUDIT score and PEth level and a higher percentage of PLWH with at-risk alcohol use had glucose values ≥140 mg/dl than those with low-risk alcohol use (34.8% vs. 10.2%, respectively). CONCLUSION In this cohort of PLWH, at-risk alcohol use increased the likelihood of meeting the clinical criteria for prediabetes/diabetes (2-h glucose level ≥140 mg/dl). Established determinants of metabolic dysfunction (e.g., BMI, waist-hip ratio) were not associated with greater alcohol use and dysglycemia, suggesting that other mechanisms may contribute to the impaired glycemic control observed in this cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefany D. Primeaux
- Department of Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112
- Joint Diabetes, Endocrinology & Metabolism Program, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808
| | - Liz Simon
- Department of Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112
- Comprehensive Alcohol-HIV/AIDS Research Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, LA 70112
| | - Tekeda F. Ferguson
- Comprehensive Alcohol-HIV/AIDS Research Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, LA 70112
- Department of Epidemiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, 70112
| | - Danielle E. Levitt
- Department of Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112
- Comprehensive Alcohol-HIV/AIDS Research Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, LA 70112
| | - Meghan M. Brashear
- Department of Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112
- Comprehensive Alcohol-HIV/AIDS Research Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, LA 70112
| | - Alice Yeh
- Department of Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112
| | - Patricia E. Molina
- Department of Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112
- Comprehensive Alcohol-HIV/AIDS Research Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, LA 70112
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Acewicz M, Kasacka I. Chemerin activity in selected pathological states of human body - A systematic review. Adv Med Sci 2021; 66:270-278. [PMID: 34082283 DOI: 10.1016/j.advms.2021.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have revealed that fatty tissue, so far considered an energy storage organ, is also the source of many substances called adipokines, including chemerin which plays many important functions in the body. Chemerin stimulates adipocytes maturation and differentiation, as well as acts as a chemoattractant, which stimulates innate and acquired immunity. This adipokine participates in the early stages of acute inflammation as well as its suppression by reacting with the CMKLR1 receptor. In various diseases associated with inflammatory processes, the level of chemerin in the serum increases. It is also considered a marker for benign and malignant tumors. Explanation of the pathomechanisms involving this adipokine is of a high importance and may contribute to the development of new possibilities in the treatment of many diseases. The article presents the latest information on the role of chemerin in various pathological states, particularly in psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Acewicz
- Department of Histology and Cytophysiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Irena Kasacka
- Department of Histology and Cytophysiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland.
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Han Y, Shin YC, Kim AH, Kwon EY, Choi MS. Evaluation of the Dose-Dependent Effects of Fermented Mixed Grain Enzyme Food on Adiposity and Its Metabolic Disorders in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Mice. J Med Food 2021; 24:873-882. [PMID: 34406876 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2021.k.0070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ancient traditions showed that fermented enzyme foods have beneficial health effects on the body. However, only a few studies have reported on its impact on weight loss and metabolic syndrome. Therefore, it is necessary to verify whether diet supplementation with fermented enzyme foods can have a beneficial functional impact on the body. We examined the antiobesity properties of fermented mixed grain (FMG) with digestive enzymes (FMG) in diet-induced obese mice. Sixty C57BL/6J mice were randomly assigned to six dietary groups: (1) normal diet (ND), (2) high-fat diet (HFD), (3) Bacilus Coagulans, (4) steamed grain, (5) low-dose FMG (L-FMG), and (6) high-dose FMG (H-FMG) supplement for 12 weeks. The results showed that H-FMG supplement dramatically decreased body weight and fat mass with simultaneous decreases in plasma lipid contents. Furthermore, H-FMG significantly lowered fasting blood glucose concentrations and improved glucose tolerance compared with the HFD group. Also, the concentrations of inflammatory cytokines secreted from adipocytes in H-FMG-supplemented mice decreased dramatically. Taken together, our findings indicated that H-FMG can ameliorate HFD-induced obesity and its associated complications and could be used as a potential preventive intervention for obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngji Han
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea.,Center for Food and Nutritional Genomics Research, and Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea.,Center for Beautiful Aging, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | | | | | - Eun-Young Kwon
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea.,Center for Food and Nutritional Genomics Research, and Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea.,Center for Beautiful Aging, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Myung-Sook Choi
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea.,Center for Food and Nutritional Genomics Research, and Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
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Dube R. Does endothelial dysfunction correlate with endocrinal abnormalities in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome? Avicenna J Med 2021; 6:91-102. [PMID: 27843797 PMCID: PMC5054651 DOI: 10.4103/2231-0770.191445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
To study and critically analyze the published evidence on correlation of hormonal abnormalities and endothelial dysfunction (ED) in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) through a systematic review. The databases including MEDLINE, PubMed, Up-To-Date, and Science Direct were searched using Medical subject handling terms and free text term keywords such as endocrine abnormalities in PCOS, ED assessment in PCOS, ED in combination with insulin resistance (IR), hyperandrogenism (HA), increased free testosterone, free androgen index (FAI), gonadotrophin levels, luteinizing hormone (LH), prolactin, estrogen, adipocytokines to search trials, and observational studies published from January 1987 to September 2015. Authors of original studies were contacted for additional data when necessary. PCOS increases the risk of cardiovascular disease in women. ED, which is a reliable indicator of cardiovascular risk in general population, is seen in most (but not all) women with PCOS. IR, seen in 70% patients with PCOS, is associated with ED in these women, but patients can have normal endothelial function even in the presence of IR. Free testosterone and FAI are consistently associated with ED, but endothelial function can be normal despite HA. Estradiol (not estrone) appears to be protective against ED though estrone is the predominant estrogen produced in PCOS. Increased levels of adipocytokines (visfatin) are promising in predicting ED and cardiovascular risk. However, more studies are required focusing on direct correlation of levels of prolactin, LH, estrone, and visfatin with ED in PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajani Dube
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Ras al-Khaimah Medical and Health Sciences University, Al Qusaidat, Ras al-Khaimah, United Arab Emirates
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Ghafoor L, Entezari V, Fallah A, Hajian A. Lipoabdominoplasty and the leptin hormone. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2021; 68:102633. [PMID: 34386225 PMCID: PMC8346541 DOI: 10.1016/j.amsu.2021.102633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Obesity contributes to a chronic disease with lethal complications. Leptin as an adiponectin interacts with fat metabolism. Surgical extra fat resection is an interventional approach to control obesity. We aimed to evaluate how body contouring surgery would influence on leptin plasma level. Methods Females candidate for body contouring surgery were allocated in to two groups included abdominal wall liposuction alone and in combination with abdominoplasty from 2018 to 2020. Demographic data was registered. Serum plasma level of leptin with the ELISA method was measured on the day before the operation and also after 3, 6, and 12 months after surgery with 8 h fasting prior to blood sampling. Finally the amounts of resected fat, type of surgical approach, and plasma level of leptin were analyzed. Results Total 124 females with mean age of 37 ± 10.1 years underwent abdominal wall liposuction (58%) and liposuction + abdominoplasty (42%) respectively. Mean weight and BMI significantly decreased postoperatively for both groups (p < 0.01). Although in both groups leptin concentration was higher in all triple blood sampling following operation in compared to preoperative measurement, changes were not significantly considerable (p = 0.6). Coefficient of correlation between amounts of resected fat and plasma level of leptin was directly positive and calculated 0.4 (p = 0.03). Conclusion Leptin interacts independently from abdominal wall contouring surgery. However it could be a marker for amounts of resected fat after operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Ghafoor
- Department of General Surgery, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Vahid Entezari
- Department of General Surgery, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Atefe Fallah
- Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Abbas Hajian
- Department of General Surgery, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
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Chilelli NC, Faggian A, Favaretto F, Milan G, Compagnin C, Dassie F, Bettini S, Roverso M, Seraglia R, Lapolla A, Vettor R. In vitro chronic glycation induces AGEs accumulation reducing insulin-stimulated glucose uptake and increasing GLP1R in adipocytes. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2021; 320:E976-E988. [PMID: 33779307 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00156.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Intracellular AGEs accumulation increases RAGE and GLP1R and reduces glucose uptake in adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alessia Faggian
- Department of Medicine, University of Padua, Internal Medicine 3, Padua, Italy
| | - Francesca Favaretto
- Department of Medicine, University of Padua, Internal Medicine 3, Padua, Italy
| | - Gabriella Milan
- Department of Medicine, University of Padua, Internal Medicine 3, Padua, Italy
| | - Chiara Compagnin
- Department of Medicine, University of Padua, Internal Medicine 3, Padua, Italy
| | - Francesca Dassie
- Department of Medicine, University of Padua, Internal Medicine 3, Padua, Italy
| | - Silvia Bettini
- Department of Medicine, University of Padua, Internal Medicine 3, Padua, Italy
| | - Marco Roverso
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Roberta Seraglia
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche-Istituto di Chimica della Materia Condensata e di Tecnologie per l'Energia (CNR-ICMATE), Padua, Italy
| | - Annunziata Lapolla
- Department of Medicine, University of Padua, Diabetology and Dietetics, Padua, Italy
| | - Roberto Vettor
- Department of Medicine, University of Padua, Internal Medicine 3, Padua, Italy
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Schaedlich K, Beier LS, Kolbe J, Wabitsch M, Ernst J. Pro-inflammatory effects of DEHP in SGBS-derived adipocytes and THP-1 macrophages. Sci Rep 2021; 11:7928. [PMID: 33846374 PMCID: PMC8042114 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-85119-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In the member countries of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), overweight and obesity affect the majority of the population. The use of environmental chemicals, such as the plasticizer DEHP, has largely increased simultaneously with this development. DEHP is an "obesogen" that interferes with normal adipocyte differentiation and energy homeostasis. Obesity in turn is accompanied by chronic low-grade adipose tissue inflammation, leading to metabolic disorders such as type II diabetes. The main actors in adipose tissue inflammation are adipocytes and macrophages. However, the impact of DEHP on adipose tissue inflammation and the crosstalk between adipocytes and macrophages are unknown and the subjects of the current study. The influence of DEHP on inflammation was investigated in human Simpson-Golabi-Behmel syndrome (SGBS)-derived adipocytes and human THP-1 macrophages. The proinflammatory markers IL8, MCP1, IL1β, TNFα and others were measured (qRT-PCR, ELISA) in SGBS-derived adipocytes treated with DEHP [day 0 (d0)-d4; 50 µg/ml] and THP-1 macrophages cultured with conditioned medium (CM) from DEHP-treated adipocytes (SGBS-CM) (from d4 and d8). DEHP exposure led to a proinflammatory state in SGBS-derived adipocytes (e.g., increased secretion of IL8 and MCP1). Surprisingly, exposure of THP-1 macrophages to SGBS-CM did not show DEHP-induced effects. However, we demonstrated that medium containing (pre)adipocyte-secreted factors had a significant impact on the expression and secretion of macrophage and inflammatory markers in THP-1 macrophages in general and led to the significantly increased accumulation of intracellular lipid droplets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Schaedlich
- grid.9018.00000 0001 0679 2801Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Faculty of Medicine, Grosse Steinstrasse 52, 06097 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Laura-Sophie Beier
- grid.9018.00000 0001 0679 2801Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Faculty of Medicine, Grosse Steinstrasse 52, 06097 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Judith Kolbe
- grid.9018.00000 0001 0679 2801Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Faculty of Medicine, Grosse Steinstrasse 52, 06097 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Martin Wabitsch
- grid.410712.1Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes Ulm, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Ulm, Eythstrasse 24, 89075 Ulm, Germany
| | - Jana Ernst
- grid.9018.00000 0001 0679 2801Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Faculty of Medicine, Grosse Steinstrasse 52, 06097 Halle (Saale), Germany
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