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Bertossa MR, Darby JR, Holman SL, Meakin AS, Li C, Huber HF, Wiese MD, Nathanielsz PW, Morrison JL. Maternal high fat-high energy diet alters metabolic factors in the non-human primate fetal heart. J Physiol 2024; 602:4251-4269. [PMID: 39087821 PMCID: PMC11366491 DOI: 10.1113/jp286861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The consumption of high fat-high energy diets (HF-HEDs) continues to rise worldwide and parallels the rise in maternal obesity (MO) that predisposes offspring to cardiometabolic disorders. Although the underlying mechanisms are unclear, thyroid hormones (TH) modulate cardiac maturation in utero. Therefore, we aimed to determine the impact of a high fat-high energy diet (HF-HED) on the hormonal, metabolic and contractility profile of the non-human primate (NHP) fetal heart. At ∼9 months preconception, female baboons (Papio hamadryas) were randomly assigned to either a control diet or HF-HED. At 165 days gestational age (term = 184 days), fetuses were delivered by Caesarean section under anaesthesia, humanely killed, and left ventricular cardiac tissue (Control (n = 6 female, 6 male); HF-HED (n = 6 F, 6 M)) was collected. Maternal HF-HED decreased the concentration of active cardiac TH (i.e. triiodothyronine (T3)), and type 1 iodothyronine deiodinase (DIO1) mRNA expression. Maternal HF-HED decreased the abundance of cardiac markers of insulin-mediated glucose uptake phosphorylated insulin receptor substrate 1 (Ser789) and glucose transporter 4, and increased protein abundance of key oxidative phosphorylation complexes (I, III, IV) and mitochondrial abundance in both sexes. Maternal HF-HED alters cardiac TH status, which may induce early signs of cardiac insulin resistance. This may increase the risk of cardiometabolic disorders in later life in offspring born to these pregnancies. KEY POINTS: Babies born to mothers who consume a high fat-high energy diet (HF-HED) prior to and during pregnancy are predisposed to an increased risk of cardiometabolic disorders across the life course. Maternal HF-HED prior to and during pregnancy decreased thyroid hormone triiodothyronine (T3) concentrations and type 1 iodothyronine deiodinase DIO1 mRNA expression in the non-human primate fetal heart. Maternal HF-HED decreased markers of insulin-dependent glucose uptake, phosphorylated insulin receptor substrate 1 and glucose transporter 4 in the fetal heart. Maternal HF-HED increased mitochondrial abundance and mitochondrial OXPHOS complex I, III and IV in the fetal heart. Fetuses from HF-HED pregnancies are predisposed to cardiometabolic disorders that may be mediated by changes in T3, placing them on a poor lifetime cardiovascular health trajectory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie R. Bertossa
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, Health and Biomedical Innovation
| | - Jack R.T. Darby
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, Health and Biomedical Innovation
| | - Stacey L. Holman
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, Health and Biomedical Innovation
| | - Ashley S. Meakin
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, Health and Biomedical Innovation
| | - Cun Li
- Department of Animal Science, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA
| | - Hillary F. Huber
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Michael D. Wiese
- Centre for Pharmaceutical Innovation, UniSA: Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia, 5001
| | | | - Janna L. Morrison
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, Health and Biomedical Innovation
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Bolte E, Dean T, Garcia B, Seferovic MD, Sauter K, Hummel G, Bucher M, Li F, Hicks J, Qin X, Suter MA, Barrozo ER, Jochum M, Shope C, Friedman JE, Gannon M, Wesolowski SR, McCurdy CE, Kievit P, Aagaard KM. Initiation of metformin in early pregnancy results in fetal bioaccumulation, growth restriction, and renal dysmorphology in a primate model. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2024; 231:352.e1-352.e16. [PMID: 38871238 PMCID: PMC11344684 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2024.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent years, pragmatic metformin use in pregnancy has stretched to include prediabetes mellitus, type 2 diabetes mellitus, gestational diabetes mellitus, and (most recently) preeclampsia. However, with its expanded use, concerns of unintended harm have been raised. OBJECTIVE This study developed an experimental primate model and applied ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography coupled to triple-quadrupole mass spectrometry for direct quantitation of maternal and fetal tissue metformin levels with detailed fetal biometry and histopathology. STUDY DESIGN Within 30 days of confirmed conception (defined as early pregnancy), 13 time-bred (timed-mated breeding) Rhesus dams with pregnancies designated for fetal necropsy were initiated on twice-daily human dose-equivalent 10 mg/kg metformin or vehicle control. Pregnant dams were maintained as pairs and fed either a control chow or 36% fat Western-style diet. Metformin or placebo vehicle control was delivered in various treats while the animals were separated via a slide. A cesarean delivery was performed at gestational day 145, and amniotic fluid and blood were collected, and the fetus and placenta were delivered. The fetus was immediately necropsied by trained primate center personnel. All fetal organs were dissected, measured, sectioned, and processed per clinical standards. Fluid and tissue metformin levels were assayed using validated ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography coupled to triple-quadrupole mass spectrometry in selected reaction monitoring against standard curves. RESULTS Among 13 pregnancies at gestational day 145 with fetal necropsy, 1 dam and its fetal tissues had detectable metformin levels despite being allocated to the vehicle control group (>1 μmol metformin/kg maternal weight or fetal or placental tissue), whereas a second fetus allocated to the vehicle control group had severe fetal growth restriction (birthweight of 248.32 g [<1%]) and was suspected of having a fetal congenital condition. After excluding these 2 fetal pregnancies from further analyses, 11 fetuses from dams initiated on either vehicle control (n=4: 3 female and 1 male fetuses) or 10 mg/kg metformin (n=7: 5 female and 2 male fetuses) were available for analyses. Among dams initiated on metformin at gestational day 30 (regardless of maternal diet), significant bioaccumulation within the fetal kidney (0.78-6.06 μmol/kg; mean of 2.48 μmol/kg), liver (0.16-0.73 μmol/kg; mean of 0.38 μmol/kg), fetal gut (0.28-1.22 μmol/kg; mean of 0.70 μmol/kg), amniotic fluid (0.43-3.33 μmol/L; mean of 1.88 μmol/L), placenta (0.16-1.00 μmol/kg; mean of 0.50 μmol/kg), fetal serum (0.00-0.66 μmol/L; mean of 0.23 μmol/L), and fetal urine (4.10-174.10 μmol/L; mean of 38.5 μmol/L) was observed, with fetal levels near biomolar equivalent to maternal levels (maternal serum: 0.18-0.86 μmol/L [mean of 0.46 μmol/L]; maternal urine: 42.60-254.00 μmol/L [mean of 149.30 μmol/L]). Western-style diet feeding neither accelerated nor reduced metformin bioaccumulations in maternal or fetal serum, urine, amniotic fluid, placenta, or fetal tissues. In these 11 animals, fetal bioaccumulation of metformin was associated with less fetal skeletal muscle (57% lower cross-sectional area of gastrocnemius) and decreased liver, heart, and retroperitoneal fat masses (P<.05), collectively driving lower delivery weight (P<.0001) without changing the crown-rump length. Sagittal sections of fetal kidneys demonstrated delayed maturation, with disorganized glomerular generations and increased cortical thickness. This renal dysmorphology was not accompanied by structural or functional changes indicative of renal insufficiency. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrates fetal bioaccumulation of metformin with associated fetal growth restriction and renal dysmorphology after maternal initiation of the drug within 30 days of conception in primates. Given these results and the prevalence of metformin use during pregnancy, additional investigation of any potential immediate and enduring effects of prenatal metformin use is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin Bolte
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX
| | - Tyler Dean
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, OR
| | - Brandon Garcia
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Maxim D Seferovic
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX
| | | | - Gwendolynn Hummel
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Matthew Bucher
- Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene OR
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX
| | - John Hicks
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX
| | - Xuan Qin
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX
| | - Melissa A Suter
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX
| | - Enrico R Barrozo
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX
| | - Michael Jochum
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX
| | - Cynthia Shope
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX
| | - Jacob E Friedman
- Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK
| | - Maureen Gannon
- Department of Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | | | | | - Paul Kievit
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, OR
| | - Kjersti M Aagaard
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, OR.
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Hashemi Dehkordi V, Khoshhali M, Heidari-Beni M, Hashemi Dehkordi E, Hashemipour M, Mostofizadeh N, Daniali SS, Kelishadi R. Association Between Dietary Phytochemical Index and Neonatal Thyroid Function. J Pregnancy 2024; 2024:9558023. [PMID: 38919582 PMCID: PMC11199066 DOI: 10.1155/2024/9558023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Thyroid hormones regulate fetal growth and differentiation of several tissues. Maternal dietary patterns may be correlated with changes in the level of neonatal thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). We hypothesized that since maternal nutrition affects birth weight and offspring growth, it may also impact endocrine patterns in offspring. This study is aimed at assessing the relationship between maternal dietary phytochemical index (DPI) in the first trimester of pregnancy and neonatal cord blood thyroid hormone levels. Methods: This cross-sectional study is a substudy of a birth cohort. Overall, 216 mothers, aged 16-45 years, were recruited in their first trimester of pregnancy. To calculate DPI, the daily energy percentage of phytochemical-rich foods was divided by the total daily energy intake. At delivery time, TSH and free thyroxine (FT4) levels were measured in cord blood samples using chemiluminescence immunoassay. Results: The mean (standard deviation (SD)) age of mothers was 29.56 (5.50) years, and 47% of newborns were girls. The mean (SD) of DPI in the first, second, third, and fourth quartiles was 25.03 ± 4.67, 33.87 ± 2.18, 40.64 ± 2.10, and 51.17 ± 4.98, respectively. There was not any significant correlation between DPI score with cord serum TSH and FT4 levels in crude and adjusted analysis. Conclusion: No significant relationship between maternal DPI with cord serum TSH and FT4 levels was shown. Limited experience exists about the effect of maternal diet quality indices on neonatal thyroid function, and further studies are needed in this regard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vida Hashemi Dehkordi
- Department of Pediatric EndocrinologyEndocrine and Metabolism Research CenterIsfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mehri Khoshhali
- Department of PediatricsChild Growth and Development Research CenterResearch Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable DiseaseIsfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Motahar Heidari-Beni
- Department of NutritionChild Growth and Development Research CenterResearch Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable DiseaseIsfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Elham Hashemi Dehkordi
- Department of Pediatric EndocrinologyChild Growth and Development Research CentreResearch Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable DiseaseIsfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mahin Hashemipour
- Department of Pediatric EndocrinologyChild Growth and Development Research CentreResearch Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable DiseaseIsfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Metabolic Liver Diseases Research CenterImam Hossein Children's HospitalIsfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Neda Mostofizadeh
- Department of Pediatric EndocrinologyEndocrine and Metabolism Research CenterIsfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Seyede Shahrbanoo Daniali
- Department of PediatricsChild Growth and Development Research CenterResearch Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable DiseaseIsfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Roya Kelishadi
- Department of PediatricsChild Growth and Development Research CenterResearch Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable DiseaseIsfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Paul EN, Shubitidze S, Rahim R, Rucker I, Valin L, Apostle S, Pospisilik JA, Racicot KE, Smith AL. Exogenous corticosterone administration during pregnancy in mice alters placental and fetal thyroid hormone availability in females. Placenta 2023; 142:1-11. [PMID: 37579594 PMCID: PMC10763606 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2023.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Maternal prenatal psychological stress is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes and increased risk of adverse health outcomes in children. While the molecular mechanisms that govern these associations has not been fully teased apart, stress-induced changes in placental function can drive sex-specific phenotypes in offspring. We sought to identify and examine molecular pathways in the placenta that are altered in response to maternal prenatal stress. METHODS We previously employed a mouse model of maternal prenatal stress where pregnant dams were treated with stress hormone (CORT) beginning in mid-gestation. Using this model, we conducted RNAseq analysis of whole placenta at E18.5. We used qRT-PCR to validate gene expression changes in the placenta and in a trophoblast cell line. ELISAs were used to measure the abundance of thyroid hormones in maternal and fetal serum and in the placenta. RESULTS Dio2 was amongst the top differentially expressed genes in response to exogenous stress hormone. Dio2 expression was more downregulated in placenta of female fetuses from CORT-treated dams than both control placenta from females and placenta from male fetuses. Consistent with Dio2's role in production of bioactive thyroid hormone (T3), we found that there was a reduction of T3 in placenta and serum of female embryos from CORT-treated dams at E18.5. Both T3 and T4 were reduced in the fetal compartment of the placenta of female fetuses from CORT-treated dams at E16.5. Exogenous stress hormone induced reduction in thyroid hormone in females was independent of circulating levels of TH in the dams. DISCUSSION The placental thyroid hormone synthesis pathway may be a target of elevated maternal stress hormone and modulate fetal programming of health and disease of offspring in a sex-specific fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel N Paul
- Dept of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Michigan State University, College of Human Medicine, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA
| | | | - Rodaba Rahim
- Biology Department, Kenyon College, Gambier, OH, 43050, USA
| | - Imani Rucker
- Biology Department, Kenyon College, Gambier, OH, 43050, USA
| | - Liana Valin
- Biology Department, Kenyon College, Gambier, OH, 43050, USA
| | - Stefanos Apostle
- Department of Epigenetics, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA
| | - J Andrew Pospisilik
- Department of Epigenetics, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA
| | - Karen E Racicot
- Dept of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Michigan State University, College of Human Medicine, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA
| | - Arianna L Smith
- Biology Department, Kenyon College, Gambier, OH, 43050, USA.
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Paul EN, Shubitidze S, Rahim R, Rucker I, Valin L, Apostle S, Andrew Pospisilik J, Racicot KE, Smithb AL. Exogenous corticosterone administration during pregnancy alters placental and fetal thyroid hormone availability in females. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.07.05.547278. [PMID: 37461599 PMCID: PMC10349991 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.05.547278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Maternal prenatal stress is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes and predisposition to long-term adverse health outcomes in children. While the molecular mechanisms that govern these associations has not been fully teased apart, stress-induced changes in placental function can drive sex-specific phenotypes in offspring. We sought to identify and examine molecular pathways in the placenta that are altered in response to maternal prenatal stress. Methods Using a mouse model of maternal prenatal stress, we conducted RNA-seq analysis of whole placenta at E18.5. We used qRT-PCR to validate gene expression changes in the placenta and in a trophoblast cell line. ELISAs were used to measure the abundance of thyroid hormones in maternal and fetal serum and in the placenta. Results Dio2 was amongst the top differentially expressed genes in response to elevated maternal stress hormone. Dio2 expression was more downregulated in female placenta from stressed dams than both female control and male placenta. Consistent with Dio2's role in production of bioactive thyroid hormone (T3), we found that there was a reduction of T3 in placenta and serum of female embryos from stressed dams at E18.5. Both T3 and T4 were reduced in the fetal compartment of the female placenta from stressed dams at E16.5. Stress hormone induced reduction in thyroid hormone in females was independent of circulating levels of TH in the dams. Discussion The placental thyroid hormone synthesis pathway may be a target of maternal stress and modulate fetal programming of health and disease of offspring in a sex-specific fashion.
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Carroll DT, Elsakr JM, Miller A, Fuhr J, Lindsley SR, Kirigiti M, Takahashi DL, Dean TA, Wesolowski SR, McCurdy CE, Friedman JE, Aagaard KM, Kievit P, Gannon M. Maternal Western-style diet in nonhuman primates leads to offspring islet adaptations including altered gene expression and insulin hypersecretion. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2023; 324:E577-E588. [PMID: 37134140 PMCID: PMC10259856 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00087.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Maternal overnutrition is associated with increased susceptibility to type 2 diabetes in the offspring. Rodent models have shown that maternal overnutrition influences islet function in offspring. To determine whether maternal Western-style diet (WSD) alters prejuvenile islet function in a model that approximates that of human offspring, we utilized a well-characterized Japanese macaque model. We compared islet function from offspring exposed to WSD throughout pregnancy and lactation and weaned to WSD (WSD/WSD) compared with islets from offspring exposed only to postweaning WSD (CD/WSD) at 1 yr of age. WSD/WSD offspring islets showed increased basal insulin secretion and an exaggerated increase in glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, as assessed by dynamic ex vivo perifusion assays, relative to CD/WSD-exposed offspring. We probed potential mechanisms underlying insulin hypersecretion using transmission electron microscopy to evaluate β-cell ultrastructure, qRT-PCR to quantify candidate gene expression, and Seahorse assay to assess mitochondrial function. Insulin granule density, mitochondrial density, and mitochondrial DNA ratio were similar between groups. However, islets from WSD/WSD male and female offspring had increased expression of transcripts known to facilitate stimulus-secretion coupling and changes in the expression of cell stress genes. Seahorse assay revealed increased spare respiratory capacity in islets from WSD/WSD male offspring. Overall, these results show that maternal WSD feeding confers changes to genes governing insulin secretory coupling and results in insulin hypersecretion as early as the postweaning period. The results suggest a maternal diet leads to early adaptation and developmental programming in offspring islet genes that may underlie future β-cell dysfunction.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Programed adaptations in islets in response to maternal WSD exposure may alter β-cell response to metabolic stress in offspring. We show that islets from maternal WSD-exposed offspring hypersecrete insulin, possibly due to increased components of stimulus-secretion coupling. These findings suggest that islet hyperfunction is programed by maternal diet, and changes can be detected as early as the postweaning period in nonhuman primate offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darian T Carroll
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Joseph M Elsakr
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Allie Miller
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Jennifer Fuhr
- Department of Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Sarah Rene Lindsley
- Division of Cardiometabolic Health, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, Oregon, United States
| | - Melissa Kirigiti
- Division of Cardiometabolic Health, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, Oregon, United States
| | - Diana L Takahashi
- Division of Cardiometabolic Health, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, Oregon, United States
| | - Tyler A Dean
- Division of Cardiometabolic Health, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, Oregon, United States
| | - Stephanie R Wesolowski
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, United States
| | - Carrie E McCurdy
- Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, United States
| | - Jacob E Friedman
- Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States
| | - Kjersti M Aagaard
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Paul Kievit
- Division of Cardiometabolic Health, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, Oregon, United States
| | - Maureen Gannon
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
- Department of Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
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Nash MJ, Dobrinskikh E, Soderborg TK, Janssen RC, Takahashi DL, Dean TA, Varlamov O, Hennebold JD, Gannon M, Aagaard KM, McCurdy CE, Kievit P, Bergman BC, Jones KL, Pietras EM, Wesolowski SR, Friedman JE. Maternal diet alters long-term innate immune cell memory in fetal and juvenile hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells in nonhuman primate offspring. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112393. [PMID: 37058409 PMCID: PMC10570400 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Maternal overnutrition increases inflammatory and metabolic disease risk in postnatal offspring. This constitutes a major public health concern due to increasing prevalence of these diseases, yet mechanisms remain unclear. Here, using nonhuman primate models, we show that maternal Western-style diet (mWSD) exposure is associated with persistent pro-inflammatory phenotypes at the transcriptional, metabolic, and functional levels in bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) from 3-year-old juvenile offspring and in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) from fetal and juvenile bone marrow and fetal liver. mWSD exposure is also associated with increased oleic acid in fetal and juvenile bone marrow and fetal liver. Assay for transposase-accessible chromatin with sequencing (ATAC-seq) profiling of HSPCs and BMDMs from mWSD-exposed juveniles supports a model in which HSPCs transmit pro-inflammatory memory to myeloid cells beginning in utero. These findings show that maternal diet alters long-term immune cell developmental programming in HSPCs with proposed consequences for chronic diseases featuring altered immune/inflammatory activation across the lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Nash
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Evgenia Dobrinskikh
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Taylor K Soderborg
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Rachel C Janssen
- Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Diana L Takahashi
- Division of Cardiometabolic Health, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA
| | - Tyler A Dean
- Division of Cardiometabolic Health, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA
| | - Oleg Varlamov
- Division of Cardiometabolic Health, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA
| | - Jon D Hennebold
- Division of Reproductive and Developmental Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA
| | - Maureen Gannon
- Department of Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Kjersti M Aagaard
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Carrie E McCurdy
- Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA
| | - Paul Kievit
- Division of Cardiometabolic Health, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA
| | - Bryan C Bergman
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Kenneth L Jones
- Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Eric M Pietras
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Stephanie R Wesolowski
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Jacob E Friedman
- Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.
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8
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Bolte EE, Moorshead D, Aagaard KM. Maternal and early life exposures and their potential to influence development of the microbiome. Genome Med 2022; 14:4. [PMID: 35016706 PMCID: PMC8751292 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-021-01005-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
At the dawn of the twentieth century, the medical care of mothers and children was largely relegated to family members and informally trained birth attendants. As the industrial era progressed, early and key public health observations among women and children linked the persistence of adverse health outcomes to poverty and poor nutrition. In the time hence, numerous studies connecting genetics ("nature") to public health and epidemiologic data on the role of the environment ("nurture") have yielded insights into the importance of early life exposures in relation to the occurrence of common diseases, such as diabetes, allergic and atopic disease, cardiovascular disease, and obesity. As a result of these parallel efforts in science, medicine, and public health, the developing brain, immune system, and metabolic physiology are now recognized as being particularly vulnerable to poor nutrition and stressful environments from the start of pregnancy to 3 years of age. In particular, compelling evidence arising from a diverse array of studies across mammalian lineages suggest that modifications to our metagenome and/or microbiome occur following certain environmental exposures during pregnancy and lactation, which in turn render risk of childhood and adult diseases. In this review, we will consider the evidence suggesting that development of the offspring microbiome may be vulnerable to maternal exposures, including an analysis of the data regarding the presence or absence of a low-biomass intrauterine microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin E Bolte
- Translational Biology and Molecular Medicine Graduate Program, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, USA
| | - David Moorshead
- Immunology & Microbiology Graduate Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, USA
| | - Kjersti M Aagaard
- Translational Biology and Molecular Medicine Graduate Program, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
- Immunology & Microbiology Graduate Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, USA.
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, USA.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, USA.
- Department of Molecular & Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, USA.
- Department of Molecular & Cell Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, USA.
- Department of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, USA.
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9
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Sciurba JD, Hayes JM, Nouraie SM, Wilson HM, Fortman JD, Halliday LC. Reference Intervals for Total T4 and Free T4 in Cynomolgus Macaques ( Macaca fascicularis) and Rhesus Macaques ( Macaca mulatta). JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE : JAALAS 2021; 60:380-387. [PMID: 34210383 PMCID: PMC8483642 DOI: 10.30802/aalas-jaalas-20-000126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid diseases, associated with either increased or decreased concentrations of circulating thyroid hormones, are prevalent in both human and veterinary populations. Hypothyroidism is a differential diagnosis for many medical problems as the disease presents with nonspecific clinical signs that can include lethargy, weight gain, cold intolerance, and dermatologic manifestations such as alopecia. Alopecia is a frequently reported problem in captive nonhuman primates (NHP), and hypothyroidism is considered to be a differential diagnosis. However, thyroid function test results in NHP using total T4 (TT4) and free T4 (FT4) assays are difficult to interpret without accurate reference intervals (RI) for comparison. As a consequence, hypothyroidism may be underdiagnosed in these species. The objective of this study was to establish RI for TT4 and FT4 in healthy populations of cynomolgus macaques ( n = 133; age range 2.6 to 24.7 y) and rhesus macaques ( n = 172; age range 0.8 to 31.0 y). Serum samples were collected across a 14-y period during routine anesthetic events in clinically healthy animals, and TT4 and FT4 concentrations were measured using commercially available immunoassays. The RI established for TT4 and FT4 were 5.1 to 14.9 ug/dL and 0.48 to 1.17 ng/dL for cynomolgus macaques, and 3.9 to 14.7 ug/dL and 0.36 to 1.12 ng/dL for rhesus macaques. Significant differences in thyroid hormone concentrations were found between Indian and Chinese origin rhesus, and between Mauritian and other origin cynomolgus. In addition, juvenile and subadult rhesus exhibited significantly higher FT4 and TT4 concentrations than did older animals. Individual RI were established for subgroups with adequately different thyroid hormone concentrations. These results will allow a more thorough diagnostic evaluation of cynomolgus and rhesus macaques with clinical signs consistent with thyroid disease and will ultimately be a refinement in NHP medicine.
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Key Words
- nhp, nonhuman primate(s)
- ri, reference interval
- t4, thyroxine
- t3, triiodothyronine
- tsh, thyroid-stimulating hormone
- trh, thyrotropin-releasing hormone
- tt4, total t4
- ft4, free t4
- r, ratio of standard deviations
- zcrit, critical z value(s)
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph D Sciurba
- Biologic Resources Laboratory, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois;,
| | - Jennifer M Hayes
- Pathology Services Unit, Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Seyed Mehdi Nouraie
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Heather M Wilson
- Unit for Laboratory Animal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Jeffrey D Fortman
- Biologic Resources Laboratory, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Lisa C Halliday
- Biologic Resources Laboratory, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
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10
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Elsakr JM, Zhao SK, Ricciardi V, Dean TA, Takahashi DL, Sullivan E, Wesolowski SR, McCurdy CE, Kievit P, Friedman JE, Aagaard KM, Edwards DRV, Gannon M. Western-style diet consumption impairs maternal insulin sensitivity and glucose metabolism during pregnancy in a Japanese macaque model. Sci Rep 2021; 11:12977. [PMID: 34155315 PMCID: PMC8217225 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-92464-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of maternal obesity is increasing in the United States. Offspring born to women with obesity or poor glycemic control have greater odds of becoming obese and developing metabolic disease later in life. Our group has utilized a macaque model to study the metabolic effects of consumption of a calorically-dense, Western-style diet (WSD; 36.3% fat) during pregnancy. Here, our objective was to characterize the effects of WSD and obesity, alone and together, on maternal glucose tolerance and insulin levels in dams during each pregnancy. Recognizing the collinearity of maternal measures, we adjusted for confounding factors including maternal age and parity. Based on intravenous glucose tolerance tests, dams consuming a WSD showed lower glucose area under the curve during first study pregnancies despite increased body fat percentage and increased insulin area under the curve. However, with (1) prolonged WSD feeding, (2) multiple diet switches, and/or (3) increasing age and parity, WSD was associated with increasingly higher insulin levels during glucose tolerance testing, indicative of insulin resistance. Our results suggest that prolonged or recurrent calorically-dense WSD and/or increased parity, rather than obesity per se, drive excess insulin resistance and metabolic dysfunction. These observations in a highly relevant species are likely of clinical and public health importance given the comparative ease of maternal dietary modifications relative to the low likelihood of successfully reversing obesity in the course of any given pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph M Elsakr
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Sifang Kathy Zhao
- Division of Quantitative Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2525 West End Avenue, Suite 600, Nashville, TN, 37203-1738, USA
| | - Valerie Ricciardi
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2213 Garland Avenue, 7465 MRBIV, Nashville, TN, 37232-0475, USA
| | - Tyler A Dean
- Division of Cardiometabolic Health, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, OR, USA
| | - Diana L Takahashi
- Division of Cardiometabolic Health, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, OR, USA
| | - Elinor Sullivan
- Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, OR, USA
| | | | - Carrie E McCurdy
- Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, 97403, USA
| | - Paul Kievit
- Division of Cardiometabolic Health, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, OR, USA
| | - Jacob E Friedman
- Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Kjersti M Aagaard
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, and Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Digna R Velez Edwards
- Division of Quantitative Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2525 West End Avenue, Suite 600, Nashville, TN, 37203-1738, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
| | - Maureen Gannon
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2213 Garland Avenue, 7465 MRBIV, Nashville, TN, 37232-0475, USA.
- Department of Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley, Nashville, TN, USA.
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
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11
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Carroll DT, Sassin AM, Aagaard KM, Gannon M. Developmental effects of in utero metformin exposure. TRENDS IN DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2021; 14:1-17. [PMID: 36589485 PMCID: PMC9802655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
According to the Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD) hypothesis, the intrauterine environment influences fetal programming and development, affecting offspring disease susceptibility in adulthood. In recent years, therapeutic use of the Type 2 diabetes drug metformin has expanded to the treatment of pre-diabetes, polycystic ovarian syndrome, and gestational diabetes. Because metformin both undergoes renal excretion and binds to receptors on the placenta, the fetus receives equivalent maternal dosing. Although no teratogenic nor short-term harmful fetal impact of metformin is known to occur, the effects of metformin exposure on longer-range offspring development have not yet been fully elucidated. This review encapsulates the (albeit limited) existing knowledge regarding the potential longer-term impact of intrauterine metformin exposure on the development of key organs including the liver, central nervous system, heart, gut, and endocrine pancreas in animal models and humans. We discuss molecular and cellular mechanisms that would be altered in response to treatment and describe the potential consequences of these developmental changes on postnatal health. Further studies regarding the influence of metformin exposure on fetal programming and adult metabolic health will provide necessary insight to its long-term risks, benefits, and limitations in order to guide decisions for use of metformin during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darian T. Carroll
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Alexa M. Sassin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, and Departments of Molecular and Human Genetics, and Molecular and Cell Biology, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX
| | - Kjersti M. Aagaard
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, and Departments of Molecular and Human Genetics, and Molecular and Cell Biology, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX
| | - Maureen Gannon
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
- Department of Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley, Nashville, TN
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
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12
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Nock S, Johann K, Harder L, Wirth EK, Renko K, Hoefig CS, Kracke V, Hackler J, Engelmann B, Rauner M, Köhrle J, Schomburg L, Homuth G, Völker U, Brabant G, Mittag J. CD5L Constitutes a Novel Biomarker for Integrated Hepatic Thyroid Hormone Action. Thyroid 2020; 30:908-923. [PMID: 32183611 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2019.0635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background: Pathological conditions of the thyroid hormone (TH) system are routinely diagnosed by using serum concentrations of thyrotropin (TSH), which is sufficient in most cases. However, in certain conditions, such as resistance to TH due to mutations in THRB (RTHb) or TSH-releasing pituitary adenoma (TSHoma), TSH may be insufficient for a correct diagnosis, even in combination with serum TH concentrations. Likewise, under TH replacement therapy, these parameters can be misleading and do not always allow optimal treatment. Hence, additional biomarkers to assess challenging clinical conditions would be highly beneficial. Methods: Data from untargeted multi-omics analyses of plasma samples from experimental thyrotoxicosis in human and mouse were exploited to identify proteins that might represent possible biomarkers of TH function. Subsequent mouse studies were used to identify the tissue of origin and the involvement of the two different TH receptors (TR). For in-depth characterization of the underlying cellular mechanisms, primary mouse cells were used. Results: The analysis of the plasma proteome data sets revealed 16 plasma proteins that were concordantly differentially abundant under thyroxine treatment compared with euthyroid controls across the two species. These originated predominantly from liver, spleen, and bone. Independent studies in a clinical cohort and different mouse models identified CD5L as the most robust putative biomarker under different serum TH states and treatment periods. In vitro studies revealed that CD5L originates from proinflammatory M1 macrophages, which are similar to liver-residing Kupffer cells, and is regulated by an indirect mechanism requiring the secretion of a yet unknown factor from hepatocytes. In agreement with the role of TRα1 in immune cells and the TRβ-dependent hepatocyte-derived signaling, the in vivo regulation of Cd5l expression depended on both TR isoforms. Conclusion: Our results identify several novel targets of TH action in serum, with CD5L as the most robust marker. Although further studies will be needed to validate the specificity of these targets, CD5L seems to be a promising candidate to assess TH action in hepatocyte-macrophage crosstalk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Nock
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism, Institute for Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Kornelia Johann
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism, Institute for Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Lisbeth Harder
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism, Institute for Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Eva Katrin Wirth
- Institut für Experimentelle Endokrinologie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, CVK, Berlin, Germany
- Medizinische Klinik für Endokrinologie und Stoffwechselmedizin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Germany
| | - Kostja Renko
- Institut für Experimentelle Endokrinologie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, CVK, Berlin, Germany
| | - Carolin S Hoefig
- Institut für Experimentelle Endokrinologie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, CVK, Berlin, Germany
| | - Vanessa Kracke
- Department of Functional Genomics, Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Julian Hackler
- Institut für Experimentelle Endokrinologie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, CVK, Berlin, Germany
| | - Beatrice Engelmann
- Department of Functional Genomics, Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Martina Rauner
- Department of Medicine III; Technische Universität Dresden Medical Center, Dresden, Germany
- Center for Healthy Aging, Technische Universität Dresden Medical Center, Dresden, Germany
| | - Josef Köhrle
- Institut für Experimentelle Endokrinologie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, CVK, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lutz Schomburg
- Institut für Experimentelle Endokrinologie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, CVK, Berlin, Germany
| | - Georg Homuth
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Germany
- Department of Functional Genomics, Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Uwe Völker
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Germany
- Department of Functional Genomics, Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Georg Brabant
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism, Institute for Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Jens Mittag
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism, Institute for Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
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13
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Huber HF, Jenkins SL, Li C, Nathanielsz PW. Strength of nonhuman primate studies of developmental programming: review of sample sizes, challenges, and steps for future work. J Dev Orig Health Dis 2020; 11:297-306. [PMID: 31566171 PMCID: PMC7103515 DOI: 10.1017/s2040174419000539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Nonhuman primate (NHP) studies are crucial to biomedical research. NHPs are the species most similar to humans in lifespan, body size, and hormonal profiles. Planning research requires statistical power evaluation, which is difficult to perform when lacking directly relevant preliminary data. This is especially true for NHP developmental programming studies, which are scarce. We review the sample sizes reported, challenges, areas needing further work, and goals of NHP maternal nutritional programming studies. The literature search included 27 keywords, for example, maternal obesity, intrauterine growth restriction, maternal high-fat diet, and maternal nutrient reduction. Only fetal and postnatal offspring studies involving tissue collection or imaging were included. Twenty-eight studies investigated maternal over-nutrition and 33 under-nutrition; 23 involved macaques and 38 baboons. Analysis by sex was performed in 19; minimum group size ranged from 1 to 8 (mean 4.7 ± 0.52, median 4, mode 3) and maximum group size from 3 to 16 (8.3 ± 0.93, 8, 8). Sexes were pooled in 42 studies; minimum group size ranged from 2 to 16 (mean 5.3 ± 0.35, median 6, mode 6) and maximum group size from 4 to 26 (10.2 ± 0.92, 8, 8). A typical study with sex-based analyses had group size minimum 4 and maximum 8 per sex. Among studies with sexes pooled, minimum group size averaged 6 and maximum 8. All studies reported some significant differences between groups. Therefore, studies with group sizes 3-8 can detect significance between groups. To address deficiencies in the literature, goals include increasing age range, more frequently considering sex as a biological variable, expanding topics, replicating studies, exploring intergenerational effects, and examining interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hillary F. Huber
- Department of Animal Science, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA
| | - Susan L. Jenkins
- Department of Animal Science, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA
| | - Cun Li
- Department of Animal Science, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Peter W. Nathanielsz
- Department of Animal Science, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
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14
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Abstract
Worldwide obesity is increasing at an alarming rate in children and adolescents, with the consequent emergence of co-morbidities. Moreover, the maternal environment during pregnancy plays an important role in obesity, contributing to transgenerational transmission of the same and metabolic dysfunction. White adipose tissue represents a prime target of metabolic programming induced by maternal milieu. In this article, we review adipose tissue physiology and development, as well as maternal influences during the perinatal period that may lead to obesity in early postnatal life and adulthood. First, we describe the adipose tissue cell composition, distribution and hormonal action, together with the evidence of hormonal factors participating in fetal/postnatal programming. Subsequently, we describe the critical periods of adipose tissue development and the relationship of gestational and early postnatal life with healthy fetal adipose tissue expansion. Furthermore, we discuss the evidence showing that adipose tissue is an important target for nutritional, hormonal and epigenetic signals to modulate fetal growth. Finally, we describe nutritional, hormonal, epigenetic and microbiome changes observed in maternal obesity, and whether their disruption alters fetal growth and adiposity. The presented evidence supports the developmental origins of health and disease concept, which proposes that the homeostatic system is affected during gestational and postnatal development, impeding the ability to regulate body weight after birth, thereby resulting in adult obesity. Consequently, we anticipate that promoting a healthy early-life programming of adipose tissue and increasing the knowledge of the mechanisms by which maternal factors affect the health of future generations may offer novel strategies for explaining and addressing worldwide health problems such as obesity.
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15
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Chu DM, Valentine GC, Seferovic MD, Aagaard KM. The Development of the Human Microbiome: Why Moms Matter. Gastroenterol Clin North Am 2019; 48:357-375. [PMID: 31383276 PMCID: PMC7261593 DOI: 10.1016/j.gtc.2019.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The human body is cohabitated with trillions of commensal bacteria that are essential for our health. However, certain bacteria can also cause diseases in the human host. Before the microbiome can be attributed to disease risk and pathogenesis, normal acquisition and development of the microbiome must be understood. Here, we explore the evidence surrounding in utero microbial exposures and the significant of this exposure in the proper development of the fetal and neonatal microbiome. We further explore the development of the fetal and neonatal microbiome and its relationship to preterm birth, feeding practices, and mode of delivery, and maternal diet.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Kjersti M. Aagaard
- Corresponding author. Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children’s Hospital, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston,TX 77030, USA.
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16
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Prince AL, Pace RM, Dean T, Takahashi D, Kievit P, Friedman JE, Aagaard KM. The development and ecology of the Japanese macaque gut microbiome from weaning to early adolescence in association with diet. Am J Primatol 2019; 81:e22980. [PMID: 31066111 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.22980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Previously we have shown that the Japanese macaque gut microbiome differs not by obesity per se, but rather in association with high-fat diet (HFD) feeding. This held true for both pregnant dams, as well as their 1-year-old offspring, even when weaned onto a control diet. Here we aimed to examine the stability of the gut microbiome over time and in response to maternal and postweaning HFD feeding from 6 months of age, and at 1 and 3 years of age. In both cross-sectional and longitudinal specimens, we performed analysis of the V4 hypervariable region of the 16S rRNA gene on anus swabs collected from pregnant dams and their juveniles at age 6 months to 3 years (n = 55). Extracted microbial DNA was subjected to 16S-amplicon-based metagenomic sequencing on the Illumina MiSeq platform. We initially identified 272 unique bacterial genera, and multidimensional scaling revealed samples to cluster by age and diet exposures. Dirichlet multinomial mixture modeling of microbiota abundances enabled identification of two predominant enterotypes to which samples sorted, characterized primarily by Treponema abundance, or lack thereof. Approximating the time of initial weaning (6 months), the Japanese macaque offspring microbiome underwent a significant state type transition which stabilized from 1 to 3 years of age. However, we also found the low abundance Treponema enterotype to be strongly associated with HFD exposure, be it during gestation/lactation or in the postweaning interval. Examination of taxonomic co-occurrences revealed samples within the low Treponema cluster were relatively permissive (allowing for increased interactions between microbiota) whereas samples within the high Treponema cluster were relatively exclusionary (suggesting decreased interactions amongst microbiota). Taken together, these findings suggest that Treponemes are keystone species in the developing gut microbiome of the gut, and susceptible to HFD feeding in their relative abundance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda L Prince
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Ryan M Pace
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Tyler Dean
- Divisions of Cardiometabolic Health and Reproductive and Developmental Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, Oregon
| | - Diana Takahashi
- Divisions of Cardiometabolic Health and Reproductive and Developmental Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, Oregon
| | - Paul Kievit
- Divisions of Cardiometabolic Health and Reproductive and Developmental Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, Oregon
| | - Jacob E Friedman
- Department of Pediatrics-Neonatology, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Kjersti M Aagaard
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Bayor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
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17
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Li C, Jenkins S, Considine MM, Cox LA, Gerow KG, Huber HF, Nathanielsz PW. Effect of maternal obesity on fetal and postnatal baboon (Papio species) early life phenotype. J Med Primatol 2019; 48:90-98. [PMID: 30569595 PMCID: PMC6598713 DOI: 10.1111/jmp.12396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-human primate models of developmental programming by maternal obesity (MO) are needed for translation to human programming outcomes. We present baboon offspring (F1) morphometry, blood cortisol, and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) from 0.9 gestation to 0-2 years. METHODS Control mothers ate chow; MO mothers ate high-fat high-energy diet pre-pregnancy through lactation. RESULTS Maternal obesity mothers weighed more than controls pre-pregnancy. Maternal obesity gestational weight gain was lower with no correlation with fetal or placenta weights. At 0.9 gestation, MO and control F1 morphometry and ACTH were similar. MO-F1 0.9 gestation male cortisol was lower, rising slower from 0-2 years vs control-F1. At birth, male MO-F1 and control-F1 weights were similar, but growth from 0-2 years was steeper in MO-F1; newborn female MO-F1 weighed more than control-F1 but growth from 0-2 years was similar. ACTH did not change in either sex. CONCLUSIONS Maternal obesity produced sexually dimorphic fetal and postnatal growth and hormonal phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cun Li
- Texas Pregnancy and Life-course Health Center, Department of Animal Sciences, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, USA
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Susan Jenkins
- Texas Pregnancy and Life-course Health Center, Department of Animal Sciences, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, USA
| | - McKenna M. Considine
- Texas Pregnancy and Life-course Health Center, Department of Animal Sciences, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, USA
| | - Laura A. Cox
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas, USA
- Center for Precision Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Kenneth G. Gerow
- Department of Statistics, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, USA
| | - Hillary F. Huber
- Texas Pregnancy and Life-course Health Center, Department of Animal Sciences, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, USA
| | - Peter W. Nathanielsz
- Texas Pregnancy and Life-course Health Center, Department of Animal Sciences, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, USA
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas, USA
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18
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Molina-Serrano D, Kyriakou D, Kirmizis A. Histone Modifications as an Intersection Between Diet and Longevity. Front Genet 2019; 10:192. [PMID: 30915107 PMCID: PMC6422915 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Histone modifications are key epigenetic regulators that control chromatin structure and gene transcription, thereby impacting on various important cellular phenotypes. Over the past decade, a growing number of studies have indicated that changes in various histone modifications have a significant influence on the aging process. Furthermore, it has been revealed that the abundance and localization of histone modifications are responsive to various environmental stimuli, such as diet, which can also affect gene expression and lifespan. This supports the notion that histone modifications can serve as a main cellular platform for signal integration. Hence, in this review we focus on the role of histone modifications during aging, report the data indicating that diet affects histone modification levels and explore the idea that histone modifications may function as an intersection through which diet regulates lifespan. A greater understanding of the epigenetic mechanisms that link environmental signals to longevity may provide new strategies for therapeutic intervention in age-related diseases and for promoting healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Molina-Serrano
- UMR 6290, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Rennes, France
- Institute of Genetics and Development of Rennes (IGDR), Université de Rennes 1, Rennes, France
| | - Dimitris Kyriakou
- Efevre Tech Ltd., Larnaca, Cyprus
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Antonis Kirmizis
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
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19
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Wesolowski SR, Mulligan CM, Janssen RC, Baker PR, Bergman BC, D'Alessandro A, Nemkov T, Maclean KN, Jiang H, Dean TA, Takahashi DL, Kievit P, McCurdy CE, Aagaard KM, Friedman JE. Switching obese mothers to a healthy diet improves fetal hypoxemia, hepatic metabolites, and lipotoxicity in non-human primates. Mol Metab 2018; 18:25-41. [PMID: 30337225 PMCID: PMC6308036 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2018.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) risk begins in utero in offspring of obese mothers. A critical unmet need in this field is to understand the pathways and biomarkers underlying fetal hepatic lipotoxicity and whether maternal dietary intervention during pregnancy is an effective countermeasure. Methods We utilized a well-established non-human primate model of chronic, maternal, Western-style diet induced obesity (OB-WSD) compared with mothers on a healthy control diet (CON) or a subset of OB-WSD mothers switched to the CON diet (diet reversal; OB-DR) prior to and for the duration of the next pregnancy. Fetuses were studied in the early 3rd trimester. Results Fetuses from OB-WSD mothers had higher circulating triglycerides (TGs) and lower arterial oxygenation suggesting hypoxemia, compared with fetuses from CON and OB-DR mothers. Hepatic TG content, oxidative stress (TBARs), and de novo lipogenic genes were increased in fetuses from OB-WSD compared with CON mothers. Fetuses from OB-DR mothers had lower lipogenic gene expression and TBARs yet persistently higher TGs. Metabolomic profiling of fetal liver and serum (umbilical artery) revealed distinct separation of CON and OB-WSD groups, and an intermediate phenotype in fetuses from OB-DR mothers. Pathway analysis identified decreased tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates, increased amino acid (AA) metabolism and byproducts, and increased gluconeogenesis, suggesting an increased reliance on AA metabolism to meet energy needs in the liver of fetuses from OB-WSD mothers. Components in collagen synthesis, including serum protein 5-hydroxylysine and hepatic lysine and proline, were positively correlated with hepatic TGs and TBARs, suggesting early signs of fibrosis in livers from the OB-WSD group. Importantly, hepatic gluconeogenic and arginine related intermediates and serum levels of lactate, pyruvate, several AAs, and nucleotide intermediates were normalized in the OB-DR group. However, hepatic levels of CDP-choline and total ceramide levels remained high in fetuses from OB-DR mothers. Conclusions Our data provide new metabolic evidence that, in addition to fetal hepatic steatosis, maternal WSD creates fetal hypoxemia and increases utilization of AAs for energy production and early activation of gluconeogenic pathways in the fetal liver. When combined with hyperlipidemia and limited antioxidant activity, the fetus suffers from hepatic oxidative stress and altered intracellular metabolism which can be improved with maternal diet intervention. Our data reinforce the concept that multiple “first hits” occur in the fetus prior to development of obesity and demonstrate new biomarkers with potential clinical implications for monitoring NAFLD risk in offspring. Maternal WSD increases fetal hypoxemia and utilization of AAs for gluconeogenesis. Maternal WSD increases fetal oxidative stress and precursors to liver fibrosis. Carnosine and l-proline uniquely correlated with fetal TG and oxidative stress. Fetal TGs were correlated with fetal arterial oxygen saturation. Diet reversal in obese WSD mothers prevents fetal hypoxemia and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Peter R Baker
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Genetics and Metabolism, USA
| | - Bryan C Bergman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, USA
| | - Angelo D'Alessandro
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Travis Nemkov
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | | | - Hua Jiang
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Genetics and Metabolism, USA
| | - Tyler A Dean
- Division of Diabetes, Obesity & Metabolism, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR, 97006, USA
| | - Diana L Takahashi
- Division of Diabetes, Obesity & Metabolism, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR, 97006, USA
| | - Paul Kievit
- Division of Diabetes, Obesity & Metabolism, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR, 97006, USA
| | - Carrie E McCurdy
- Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, 97403, USA
| | - Kjersti M Aagaard
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Jacob E Friedman
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Neonatology, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, USA; Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
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20
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Johnsen L, Lyckegaard NB, Khanal P, Quistorff B, Raun K, Nielsen MO. Fetal over- and undernutrition differentially program thyroid axis adaptability in adult sheep. Endocr Connect 2018; 7:777-790. [PMID: 29794141 PMCID: PMC5970278 DOI: 10.1530/ec-18-0014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to test, whether fetal under- or overnutrition differentially program the thyroid axis with lasting effects on energy metabolism, and if early-life postnatal overnutrition modulates implications of prenatal programming. DESIGN Twin-pregnant sheep (n = 36) were either adequately (NORM), under- (LOW; 50% of NORM) or overnourished (HIGH; 150% of energy and 110% of protein requirements) in the last-trimester of gestation. From 3 days-of-age to 6 months-of-age, twin lambs received a conventional (CONV) or an obesogenic, high-carbohydrate high-fat (HCHF) diet. Subgroups were slaughtered at 6-months-of-age. Remaining lambs were fed a low-fat diet until 2½ years-of-age (adulthood). METHODS Serum hormone levels were determined at 6 months- and 2½ years-of-age. At 2½ years-of-age, feed intake capacity (intake over 4-h following 72-h fasting) was determined, and an intravenous thyroxine tolerance test (iTTT) was performed, including measurements of heart rate, rectal temperature and energy expenditure (EE). RESULTS In the iTTT, the LOW and nutritionally mismatched NORM:HCHF and HIGH:CONV sheep increased serum T3, T3:T4 and T3:TSH less than NORM:CONV, whereas TSH was decreased less in HIGH, NORM:HCHF and LOW:HCHF. Early postnatal exposure to the HCHF diet decreased basal adult EE in NORM and HIGH, but not LOW, and increased adult feed intake capacity in NORM and LOW, but not HIGH.Conclusions: The iTTT revealed a differential programming of central and peripheral HPT axis function in response to late fetal malnutrition and an early postnatal obesogenic diet, with long-term implications for adult HPT axis adaptability and associated consequences for adiposity risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Johnsen
- Department of Large Animal SciencesFaculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - N B Lyckegaard
- Department of Large Animal SciencesFaculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - P Khanal
- Department of Large Animal SciencesFaculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - B Quistorff
- Department of Biomedical SciencesFaculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - K Raun
- Diabetes and Obesity PharmacologyNovo Nordisk A/S, Måløv, Denmark
| | - M O Nielsen
- Department of Large Animal SciencesFaculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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21
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Pace RM, Prince AL, Ma J, Belfort BDW, Harvey AS, Hu M, Baquero K, Blundell P, Takahashi D, Dean T, Kievit P, Sullivan EL, Friedman JE, Grove K, Aagaard KM. Modulations in the offspring gut microbiome are refractory to postnatal synbiotic supplementation among juvenile primates. BMC Microbiol 2018; 18:28. [PMID: 29621980 PMCID: PMC5887201 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-018-1169-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background We and others have previously shown that alterations in the mammalian gut microbiome are associated with diet, notably early life exposure to a maternal high fat diet (HFD). Here, we aimed to further these studies by examining alterations in the gut microbiome of juvenile Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata) that were exposed to a maternal HFD, weaned onto a control diet, and later supplemented with a synbiotic comprised of psyllium seed and Enterococcus and Lactobacillus species. Results Eighteen month old offspring (n = 7) of 36% HFD fed dams were fed a control (14% fat) diet post weaning, then were synbiotic supplemented for 75 days and longitudinal stool and serum samples were obtained. All stool samples were subjected to 16S rRNA metagenomic sequencing, and microbiome profiles and serum lipids and triglycerides were compared to untreated, healthy age matched and diet matched controls (n = 7). Overall, 16S-based metagenomic analysis revealed that supplementation exerted minimal alterations to the gut microbiome including transient increased abundance of Lactobacillus species and decreased abundance of few bacterial genera, including Faecalibacterium and Anaerovibrio. However, serum lipid analysis revealed significant decreases in triglycerides, cholesterol, and LDL (p < 0.05). Nevertheless, supplemented juveniles challenged 4 months later were not protected from HFD-induced gut dysbiosis. Conclusions Synbiotic supplementation is temporally associated with alterations in the gut microbiome and host lipid profiles of juvenile Japanese macaques that were previously exposed to a maternal HFD. Despite these presumptive temporal benefits, a protective effect against later HFD-challenge gut dysbiosis was not observed. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12866-018-1169-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan M Pace
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Amanda L Prince
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Jun Ma
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Benjamin D W Belfort
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Alexia S Harvey
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Min Hu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Karalee Baquero
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Peter Blundell
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Diana Takahashi
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Tyler Dean
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Paul Kievit
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Elinor L Sullivan
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR, 97239, USA.,Biology Department, University of Portland, Portland, OR, 97203, USA
| | - Jacob E Friedman
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Kevin Grove
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Kjersti M Aagaard
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA. .,Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA. .,Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA. .,Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR, 97239, USA.
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22
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Ahangarpour A, Alboghobeish S, Oroojan AA, Zeidooni L, Samimi A, Afshari G. Effects of Combined Exposure to Chronic High-Fat Diet and Arsenic on Thyroid Function and Lipid Profile in Male Mouse. Biol Trace Elem Res 2018; 182:37-48. [PMID: 28593471 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-017-1068-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The thyroid is one of the major endocrine glands that contribute to body and fat metabolism. The present study evaluated the effects of combined exposure to chronic high-fat diet (HFD) and arsenic on thyroid function and lipid profile. In this experimental study, 72 male Naval Medical Research Institute mice were divided into six groups and fed HFD or low-fat diet (LFD) while being exposed to 25 or 50 ppm of arsenic in drinking water for 20 weeks. After 24 h of the last experimental day, blood samples were collected for hormonal and biochemical measurements. The data indicated that exposure to HFD alone increased the levels of triiodothyronine (T3), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), leptin, lipid profile, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and malondialdehyde (MDA) and decreased the levels of high-density lipoprotein, albumin, adiponectin, and glutathione sulfhydryl reductase (GSH), whereas exposure to arsenic alone decreased the levels of T3 and GSH and increased the levels of TSH, leptin, ROS, MDA, and T4/T3 ratio compared to those in the control LFD group. Furthermore, concomitant administration of HFD and arsenic decreased the lipid profile and levels of T4, albumin, total protein, T3, and GSH and increased the levels of TSH, adiponectin, leptin, ROS, MDA, and T4/T3 ratio compared to those in the control LFD or HFD group. In conclusion, combined exposure to HFD and arsenic induced hypothyroidism via reduction of thyroid hormones and enhancement of plasma TSH and T3 uptake levels concomitant with hypolipidemia, hyperleptinemia, hyperadiponectinemia, induction of oxidative stress, and reduction of GSH levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akram Ahangarpour
- Health Research Institute, Diabetes Research Center, Department of Physiology, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Soheila Alboghobeish
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Student Research Committee of Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - Ali Akbar Oroojan
- Department of Physiology, Student Research Committee of Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Science, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Leila Zeidooni
- Department of Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Student Research Committee of Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Azin Samimi
- Department of Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Student Research Committee of Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Golshan Afshari
- Golestan Hospital Clinical Research Development Unit, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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23
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Abstract
The activity of the hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid axis (HPT) is coordinated by hypophysiotropic thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) neurons present in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus. Hypophysiotropic TRH neurons act as energy sensors. TRH controls the synthesis and release of thyrotropin, which activates the synthesis and secretion of thyroid hormones; in target tissues, transporters and deiodinases control their local availability. Thyroid hormones regulate many functions, including energy homeostasis. This review discusses recent evidence that covers several aspects of TRH role in HPT axis regulation. Knowledge about the mechanisms of TRH signaling has steadily increased. New transcription factors engaged in TRH gene expression have been identified, and advances made on how they interact with signaling pathways and define the dynamics of TRH neurons response to acute and/or long-term influences. Albeit yet incomplete, the relationship of TRH neurons activity with positive energy balance has emerged. The importance of tanycytes as a central relay for the feedback control of the axis, as well as for HPT responses to alterations in energy balance, and other stimuli has been reinforced. Finally, some studies have started to shed light on the interference of prenatal and postnatal stress and nutrition on HPT axis programing, which have confirmed the axis susceptibility to early insults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Joseph-Bravo
- Departamento de Genética del Desarrollo y Fisiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Av. Universidad 2001, 62250, Cuernavaca MOR, Morelos, México.
| | - Lorraine Jaimes-Hoy
- Departamento de Genética del Desarrollo y Fisiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Av. Universidad 2001, 62250, Cuernavaca MOR, Morelos, México
| | - Jean-Louis Charli
- Departamento de Genética del Desarrollo y Fisiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Av. Universidad 2001, 62250, Cuernavaca MOR, Morelos, México
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24
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Harris RA, Alcott CE, Sullivan EL, Takahashi D, McCurdy CE, Comstock S, Baquero K, Blundell P, Frias AE, Kahr M, Suter M, Wesolowski S, Friedman JE, Grove KL, Aagaard KM. Genomic Variants Associated with Resistance to High Fat Diet Induced Obesity in a Primate Model. Sci Rep 2016; 6:36123. [PMID: 27811965 PMCID: PMC5095882 DOI: 10.1038/srep36123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal obesity contributes to an increased risk of lifelong morbidity and mortality for both the mother and her offspring. In order to better understand the molecular mechanisms underlying these risks, we previously established and extensively characterized a primate model in Macaca fuscata (Japanese macaque). In prior studies we have demonstrated that a high fat, caloric dense maternal diet structures the offspring’s epigenome, metabolome, and intestinal microbiome. During the course of this work we have consistently observed that a 36% fat diet leads to obesity in the majority, but not all, of exposed dams. In the current study, we sought to identify the genomic loci rendering resistance to obesity despite chronic consumption of a high fat diet in macaque dams. Through extensive phenotyping together with exon capture array and targeted resequencing, we identified three novel single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), two in apolipoprotein B (APOB) and one in phospholipase A2 (PLA2G4A) that significantly associated with persistent weight stability and insulin sensitivity in lean macaques. By application of explicit orthogonal modeling (NOIA), we estimated the polygenic and interactive nature of these loci against multiple metabolic traits and their measures (i.e., serum LDL levels) which collectively render an obesity resistant phenotype in our adult female dams.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Alan Harris
- Department of Obstetrics &Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine at Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Molecular and Human Genetics at Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Callison E Alcott
- Developmental Biology Interdisciplinary Program at Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Elinor L Sullivan
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health &Science University (OHSU), Beaverton, OR, USA.,Department of Biology, University of Portland, USA
| | - Diana Takahashi
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health &Science University (OHSU), Beaverton, OR, USA
| | - Carrie E McCurdy
- Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA
| | - Sarah Comstock
- Department of Biology, Corban University, Salem, OR, USA
| | - Karalee Baquero
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health &Science University (OHSU), Beaverton, OR, USA
| | - Peter Blundell
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health &Science University (OHSU), Beaverton, OR, USA
| | - Antonio E Frias
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health &Science University (OHSU), Beaverton, OR, USA.,Department of Obstetrics &Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, OHSU, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Maike Kahr
- Department of Obstetrics &Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine at Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Melissa Suter
- Department of Obstetrics &Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine at Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Stephanie Wesolowski
- Departments of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Jacob E Friedman
- Departments of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Kevin L Grove
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health &Science University (OHSU), Beaverton, OR, USA
| | - Kjersti M Aagaard
- Department of Obstetrics &Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine at Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Molecular and Human Genetics at Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Developmental Biology Interdisciplinary Program at Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health &Science University (OHSU), Beaverton, OR, USA.,Department of Molecular and Cell Biology at Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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25
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McCurdy CE, Schenk S, Hetrick B, Houck J, Drew BG, Kaye S, Lashbrook M, Bergman BC, Takahashi DL, Dean TA, Nemkov T, Gertsman I, Hansen KC, Philp A, Hevener AL, Chicco AJ, Aagaard KM, Grove KL, Friedman JE. Maternal obesity reduces oxidative capacity in fetal skeletal muscle of Japanese macaques. JCI Insight 2016; 1:e86612. [PMID: 27734025 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.86612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal obesity is proposed to alter the programming of metabolic systems in the offspring, increasing the risk for developing metabolic diseases; however, the cellular mechanisms remain poorly understood. Here, we used a nonhuman primate model to examine the impact of a maternal Western-style diet (WSD) alone, or in combination with obesity (Ob/WSD), on fetal skeletal muscle metabolism studied in the early third trimester. We find that fetal muscle responds to Ob/WSD by upregulating fatty acid metabolism, mitochondrial complex activity, and metabolic switches (CPT-1, PDK4) that promote lipid utilization over glucose oxidation. Ob/WSD fetuses also had reduced mitochondrial content, diminished oxidative capacity, and lower mitochondrial efficiency in muscle. The decrease in oxidative capacity and glucose metabolism was persistent in primary myotubes from Ob/WSD fetuses despite no additional lipid-induced stress. Switching obese mothers to a healthy diet prior to pregnancy did not improve fetal muscle mitochondrial function. Lastly, while maternal WSD alone led only to intermediary changes in fetal muscle metabolism, it was sufficient to increase oxidative damage and cellular stress. Our findings suggest that maternal obesity or WSD, alone or in combination, leads to programmed decreases in oxidative metabolism in offspring muscle. These alterations may have important implications for future health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carrie E McCurdy
- Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Simon Schenk
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Byron Hetrick
- Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, USA
| | - Julie Houck
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Brian G Drew
- David Geffen School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Diabetes and Dyslipidaemia Laboratory, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Prahran, Victoria, Australia
| | - Spencer Kaye
- Departments of Health and Exercise Science and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Melanie Lashbrook
- Departments of Health and Exercise Science and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Bryan C Bergman
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Diana L Takahashi
- Division of Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, Oregon, USA
| | - Tyler A Dean
- Division of Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, Oregon, USA
| | - Travis Nemkov
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Ilya Gertsman
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Kirk C Hansen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Andrew Philp
- School of Sport Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Andrea L Hevener
- David Geffen School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Adam J Chicco
- Departments of Health and Exercise Science and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Kjersti M Aagaard
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Kevin L Grove
- Division of Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, Oregon, USA.,Novo Nordisk Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Jacob E Friedman
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
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Gonzalez-Rodriguez P, Cantu J, O’Neil D, Seferovic MD, Goodspeed DM, Suter MA, Aagaard KM. Alterations in expression of imprinted genes from the H19/IGF2 loci in a multigenerational model of intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). Am J Obstet Gynecol 2016; 214:625.e1-625.e11. [PMID: 26880735 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2016.01.194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2015] [Revised: 01/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The H19/IGF2 imprinted loci have attracted recent attention because of their role in cellular differentiation and proliferation, heritable gene regulation, and in utero or early postnatal growth and development. Expression from the imprinted H19/IGF2 locus involves a complex interplay of 3 means of epigenetic regulation: proper establishment of DNA methylation, promoter occupancy of CTCF, and expression of microRNA-675. We have demonstrated previously in a multigenerational rat model of intrauterine growth restriction the epigenetic heritability of adult metabolic syndrome in a F2 generation. We have further demonstrated abrogation of the F2 adult metabolic syndrome phenotype with essential nutrient supplementation of intermediates along the 1-carbon pathway and shown that alterations in the metabolome precede the adult onset of metabolic syndrome. The upstream molecular and epigenomic mediators underlying these observations, however, have yet to be elucidated fully. OBJECTIVE In the current study, we sought to characterize the impact of the intrauterine growth-restricted lineage and essential nutrient supplementation on both levels and molecular mediators of H19 and IGF2 gene expression in the F2 generation. STUDY DESIGN F2 intrauterine growth-restricted and sham lineages were obtained by exposing P1 (grandmaternal) pregnant dams to bilateral uterine artery ligation or sham surgery at gestational day 19.5. F1 pups were allocated to the essential nutrient supplemented or control diet at postnatal day 21, and bred at 6-7 weeks of age. Hepatic tissues from the resultant F2 offspring at birth and at weaning (day 21) were obtained. Bisulfite modification and sequencing was employed for methylation analysis. H19 and IGF2 expression was measured by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Promoter occupancy was quantified by the use of chromatin immunoprecipitation, or ChIP, against CTCF insulator proteins. RESULTS Growth-restricted F2 on control diet demonstrated significant down-regulation in H19 expression compared with sham lineage (0.7831 vs 1.287; P < .05); however, essential nutrient supplementation diet abrogates this difference (4.995 vs 5.100; P > .05). Conversely, Igf2 was up-regulated by essential nutrient supplemented diet on the sham lineage (2.0 fold, P = .01), an effect that was not observed in the growth restricted offspring. A significant differential methylation was observed in the promoter region of region H19 among the intrauterine growth-restricted lineage (18% vs 25%; P < .05) on a control diet, whereas the essential nutrient supplemented diet was alternately associated with hypermethylation in both lineages (sham: 50%; intrauterine growth restriction: 84%, P < .05). Consistent with essential nutrient supplementation impacting the epigenome, a decrease of CTCF promoter occupancy was observed in CTCF4 of the growth restricted lineage (2.45% vs 0.56%; P < .05) on the control diet, an effect that was repressed with essential nutrient supplementation. CONCLUSION Heritable growth restriction is associated with changes in H19 gene expression; these changes are reversible with diet supplementation to favorably impact adult metabolic syndrome.
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Kahr MK, Antony KM, DelBeccaro M, Hu M, Aagaard KM, Suter MA. Increasing maternal obesity is associated with alterations in both maternal and neonatal thyroid hormone levels. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2016; 84:551-7. [PMID: 26562744 PMCID: PMC4789139 DOI: 10.1111/cen.12974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Revised: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Obesity is associated with alterations in thyroid hormone (TH) levels in obese, pregnant individuals. The maintenance of TH levels throughout gestation is important for proper foetal development. The aim of this study was to measure levels of fT3, fT4 and TSH in maternal and matched cord blood serum from normal weight, overweight and obese gravidae to determine alterations in maternal and neonatal TH levels by virtue of maternal obesity. DESIGN, SETTING, SUBJECTS, OUTCOME MEASURES ELISA was utilized to measure fT3, fT4 and TSH levels from banked, matched maternal and neonatal (cord blood) serum (N = 205 matched pairs). Data were stratified according to prepregnancy or first trimester BMI. RESULTS Both maternal and neonatal fT3 levels consistently increased with increasing maternal obesity, and maternal and neonatal fT3 were significantly correlated (r = 0·422, P < 0·001). Maternal and neonatal fT3 were also significantly associated with birthweight (β = 0·155, P = 0·027 and β = 0·171, P = 0·018, respectively). Both the maternal and neonatal fT3 to fT4 ratio significantly increased with increasing maternal obesity. We further found that excess gestational weight gain was associated with a decrease in maternal fT4 compared with gravidae who had insufficient gestational weight gain (0·86 ± 0·17 vs 0·95 ± 0·22, P < 0·01). CONCLUSION Maternal obesity is not only associated with maternal alterations in TH, but with accompanying neonatal changes. Because both maternal obesity and alterations in TH levels are associated with childhood obesity, based on these findings and our prior analyses in a nonhuman primate model, we propose that changes in fT3 levels in the offspring of obese mothers may be a potential molecular mediator of foetal overgrowth and childhood obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maike K Kahr
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kathleen M Antony
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Melanie DelBeccaro
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Min Hu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kjersti M Aagaard
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Melissa A Suter
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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Dearden L, Ozanne SE. Early life origins of metabolic disease: Developmental programming of hypothalamic pathways controlling energy homeostasis. Front Neuroendocrinol 2015; 39:3-16. [PMID: 26296796 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2015.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Revised: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
A wealth of animal and human studies demonstrate that perinatal exposure to adverse metabolic conditions - be it maternal obesity, diabetes or under-nutrition - results in predisposition of offspring to develop obesity later in life. This mechanism is a contributing factor to the exponential rise in obesity rates. Increased weight gain in offspring exposed to maternal obesity is usually associated with hyperphagia, implicating altered central regulation of energy homeostasis as an underlying cause. Perinatal development of the hypothalamus (a brain region key to metabolic regulation) is plastic and sensitive to metabolic signals during this critical time window. Recent research in non-human primate and rodent models has demonstrated that exposure to adverse maternal environments impairs the development of hypothalamic structure and consequently function, potentially underpinning metabolic phenotypes in later life. This review summarizes our current knowledge of how adverse perinatal environments program hypothalamic development and explores the mechanisms that could mediate these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Dearden
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Box 289, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Susan E Ozanne
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Box 289, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom.
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Neri C, Edlow AG. Effects of Maternal Obesity on Fetal Programming: Molecular Approaches. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2015; 6:a026591. [PMID: 26337113 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a026591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Maternal obesity has become a worldwide epidemic. Obesity and a high-fat diet have been shown to have deleterious effects on fetal programming, predisposing offspring to adverse cardiometabolic and neurodevelopmental outcomes. Although large epidemiological studies have shown an association between maternal obesity and adverse outcomes for offspring, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Molecular approaches have played a key role in elucidating the mechanistic underpinnings of fetal malprogramming in the setting of maternal obesity. These approaches include, among others, characterization of epigenetic modifications, microRNA expression, the gut microbiome, the transcriptome, and evaluation of specific mRNA expression via quantitative reverse transcription polmerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) in fetuses and offspring of obese females. This work will review the data from animal models and human fluids/cells regarding the effects of maternal obesity on fetal and offspring neurodevelopment and cardiometabolic outcomes, with a particular focus on molecular approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Neri
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome 00100, Italy
| | - Andrea G Edlow
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02111 Mother Infant Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02111
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Saben J, Kang P, Zhong Y, Thakali KM, Gomez-Acevedo H, Borengasser SJ, Andres A, Badger TM, Shankar K. RNA-seq analysis of the rat placentation site reveals maternal obesity-associated changes in placental and offspring thyroid hormone signaling. Placenta 2014; 35:1013-20. [PMID: 25449029 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2014.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2014] [Revised: 09/16/2014] [Accepted: 09/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In animal models, maternal obesity (OB) leads to augmented risk of offspring OB. While placental function is influenced by maternal habitus, the effect of maternal obesity on the interacting zones of the placenta [the labyrinth (LZ), junctional (JZ) and metrial gland (MG)] remains unknown. METHODS Using a rat maternal obesity model, we conducted transcriptomic profiling of the utero-placental compartments and fetal liver (FL) at dpc 18.5, in conjunction with analyses of mRNA expression of key thyroid hormone (TH) signaling genes in the placenta, fetus and weanling offspring. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Gene expression analysis of placenta and offspring revealed that each utero-placental compartment responds distinctly to maternal OB with changes in inflammatory signaling, lipid metabolism and hormone stimulus being the predominant effects. OB-induced alterations in 17 genes were confirmed by qPCR, including reductions in thyrotropin-releasing hormone (Trh) in JZ. We further characterized mRNA and protein expression of TH signaling regulators including deiodinases (Dio), TH receptors (Tr), and downstream targets (uncoupling proteins (Ucp)). A concerted down-regulation of multiple facets of thyroid hormone signaling in the JZ and FL was observed. JZ expression of thyroid hormone signaling components Trh, Dio2, Trα, and Ucp2 were negatively associated with maternal leptin. mRNA expression of TRH, TRβ and UCP1 were also decreased in term placenta from OB women. Finally, our studies identified persistent impairments in expression of TH related genes in tissues from offspring of obese dams. CONCLUSIONS The role of lower placental thyroid expression is worthy of further study as a possible pathway that leads to low energy metabolism and obesity in animals born to obese mothers.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Saben
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - P Kang
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Y Zhong
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - K M Thakali
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - H Gomez-Acevedo
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - S J Borengasser
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - A Andres
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - T M Badger
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - K Shankar
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA.
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Phillips KA, Bales KL, Capitanio JP, Conley A, Czoty PW, ‘t Hart BA, Hopkins WD, Hu SL, Miller LA, Nader MA, Nathanielsz PW, Rogers J, Shively CA, Voytko ML. Why primate models matter. Am J Primatol 2014; 76:801-27. [PMID: 24723482 PMCID: PMC4145602 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.22281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 399] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2014] [Revised: 03/01/2014] [Accepted: 03/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Research involving nonhuman primates (NHPs) has played a vital role in many of the medical and scientific advances of the past century. NHPs are used because of their similarity to humans in physiology, neuroanatomy, reproduction, development, cognition, and social complexity-yet it is these very similarities that make the use of NHPs in biomedical research a considered decision. As primate researchers, we feel an obligation and responsibility to present the facts concerning why primates are used in various areas of biomedical research. Recent decisions in the United States, including the phasing out of chimpanzees in research by the National Institutes of Health and the pending closure of the New England Primate Research Center, illustrate to us the critical importance of conveying why continued research with primates is needed. Here, we review key areas in biomedicine where primate models have been, and continue to be, essential for advancing fundamental knowledge in biomedical and biological research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberley A. Phillips
- Department of Psychology, Trinity University, San Antonio TX 78212
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio TX
| | - Karen L. Bales
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis CA 95616
- California National Primate Research Center, Davis CA 95616
| | - John P. Capitanio
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis CA 95616
- California National Primate Research Center, Davis CA 95616
| | - Alan Conley
- Department of Population Health & Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis CA 95616
| | - Paul W. Czoty
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem NC 27157
| | - Bert A. ‘t Hart
- Department of Immunobiology, Biomedical Primate Research Center, Rijswick, The Netherlands
| | - William D. Hopkins
- Neuroscience Institute and Language Research Center, Georgia State University, Atlanta GA 30302
- Division of Cognitive and Developmental Neuroscience, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Atlanta GA 30030
| | - Shiu-Lok Hu
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Washington National Primate Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle WA
| | - Lisa A. Miller
- California National Primate Research Center, Davis CA 95616
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, University of California, Davis CA 95616
| | - Michael A. Nader
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem NC 27157
| | - Peter W. Nathanielsz
- Center for Pregnancy and Newborn Research, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio TX 78229
| | - Jeffrey Rogers
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston TX
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, Madison, WI
| | - Carol A. Shively
- Department of Pathology, Section on Comparative Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem NC 27157
| | - Mary Lou Voytko
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem NC 27157
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Raychaudhuri N, Thamotharan S, Srinivasan M, Mahmood S, Patel MS, Devaskar SU. Postnatal exposure to a high-carbohydrate diet interferes epigenetically with thyroid hormone receptor induction of the adult male rat skeletal muscle glucose transporter isoform 4 expression. J Nutr Biochem 2014; 25:1066-76. [PMID: 25086780 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2014.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2013] [Revised: 05/09/2014] [Accepted: 05/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Early life nutritional intervention causes adult-onset insulin resistance and obesity in rats. Thyroid hormone receptor (TR), in turn, transcriptionally enhances skeletal muscle Glut4 expression. We tested the hypothesis that reduced circulating thyroid-stimulating hormone and T4 concentrations encountered in postnatal (PN4-PN24) high-carbohydrate (HC) milk formula-fed versus the mother-fed controls (MF) would epigenetically interfere with TR induction of adult (100 days) male rat skeletal muscle Glut4 expression, thereby providing a molecular mechanism mediating insulin resistance. We observed increased DNA methylation of the CpG island with enhanced recruitment of Dnmt3a, Dnmt3b and MeCP2 in the glut4 promoter region along with reduced acetylation of histone (H)2A.Z and H4 particularly at the H4.lysine (K)16 residue, which was predominantly mediated by histone deacetylase 4 (HDAC4). This was followed by enhanced recruitment of heterochromatin protein 1β to the glut4 promoter with increased Suv39H1 methylase concentrations. These changes reduced TR binding of the T3 response element of the glut4 gene (TREs; -473 to -450 bp) detected qualitatively in vivo (electromobility shift assay) and quantified ex vivo (chromatin immunoprecipitation). In addition, the recruitment of steroid receptor coactivator and CREB-binding protein to the glut4 promoter-protein complex was reduced. Co-immunoprecipitation experiments confirmed the interaction between TR and CBP to be reduced and HDAC4 to be enhanced in HC versus MF groups. These molecular changes were associated with diminished skeletal muscle Glut4 mRNA and protein concentrations. We conclude that early postnatal exposure to HC diet epigenetically reduced TR induction of adult male skeletal muscle Glut4 expression, uncovering novel molecular mechanisms contributing to adult insulin resistance and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nupur Raychaudhuri
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology & Developmental Biology, Neonatal Research Center, David Geffen School of Medicine UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1752, USA
| | - Shanthie Thamotharan
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology & Developmental Biology, Neonatal Research Center, David Geffen School of Medicine UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1752, USA
| | - Malathi Srinivasan
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA
| | - Saleh Mahmood
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA
| | - Mulchand S Patel
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA
| | - Sherin U Devaskar
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology & Developmental Biology, Neonatal Research Center, David Geffen School of Medicine UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1752, USA.
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Wilson ME, Moore CJ, Ethun KF, Johnson ZP. Understanding the control of ingestive behavior in primates. Horm Behav 2014; 66:86-94. [PMID: 24727080 PMCID: PMC4051844 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2014.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2013] [Revised: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 04/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
This article is part of a Special Issue "Energy Balance". Ingestive behavior in free-ranging populations of nonhuman primates is influenced by resource availability and social group organization and provides valuable insight on the evolution of ecologically adaptive behaviors and physiological systems. As captive populations were established, questions regarding proximate mechanisms that regulate food intake in these animals could be more easily addressed. The availability of these captive populations has led to the use of selected species to understand appetite control or metabolic physiology in humans. Recognizing the difficulty of quantitating food intake in free-ranging groups, the use of captive, singly-housed animals provided a distinct advantage though, at the same time, produced a different social ecology from the animals' natural habitat. However, the recent application of novel technologies to quantitate caloric intake and energy expenditure in free-feeding, socially housed monkeys permits prospective studies that can accurately define how food intake changes in response to any number of interventions in the context of a social environment. This review provides an overview of studies examining food intake using captive nonhuman primates organized into three areas: a) neurochemical regulation of food intake in nonhuman primates; b) whether exposure to specific diets during key developmental periods programs differences in diet preferences or changes the expression of feeding related neuropeptides; and c) how psychosocial factors influence appetite regulation. Because feeding patterns are driven by more than just satiety and orexigenic signals, appreciating how the social context influences pattern of feeding in nonhuman primates may be quite informative for understanding the biological complexity of feeding in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark E Wilson
- Division of Developmental & Cognitive Neuroscience, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
| | - Carla J Moore
- Division of Developmental & Cognitive Neuroscience, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Graduate Program in Nutrition & Health Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Kelly F Ethun
- Division of Animal Resources, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Zachary P Johnson
- Division of Developmental & Cognitive Neuroscience, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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High-fat maternal diet during pregnancy persistently alters the offspring microbiome in a primate model. Nat Commun 2014; 5:3889. [PMID: 24846660 PMCID: PMC4078997 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms4889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 305] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2014] [Accepted: 04/14/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The intestinal microbiome is a unique ecosystem and an essential mediator of metabolism and obesity in mammals. However, studies investigating the impact of the diet on the establishment of the gut microbiome early in life are generally lacking, and most notably so in primate models. Here we report that a high-fat maternal or postnatal diet, but not obesity per se, structures the offspring’s intestinal microbiome in Macaca fuscata (Japanese macaque). The resultant microbial dysbiosis is only partially corrected by a low-fat, control diet after weaning. Unexpectedly, early exposure to a high-fat diet diminished the abundance of non-pathogenic Campylobacter in the juvenile gut, suggesting a potential role for dietary fat in shaping commensal microbial communities in primates. Our data challenge the concept of an obesity-causing gut microbiome, and rather provide evidence for a contribution of the maternal diet in establishing the microbiota, which in turn affects intestinal maintenance of metabolic health.
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Zambrano E, Nathanielsz PW. Mechanisms by which maternal obesity programs offspring for obesity: evidence from animal studies. Nutr Rev 2014; 71 Suppl 1:S42-54. [PMID: 24147924 DOI: 10.1111/nure.12068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal obesity can profoundly affect offspring phenotype and predisposition to obesity and metabolic disease. Carefully controlled studies in precocial and altricial mammalian species provide insights into the involved mechanisms. These include programming of hypothalamic appetite-regulating centers to increase orexigenic relative to anorexigenic drive; increasing maternal, fetal, and offspring adrenal and peripheral tissue glucocorticoid production; and increasing maternal oxidative stress. Outcomes often show offspring sex differences that may play a role in the differential susceptibility of males and females to later-life obesity and other related metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Zambrano
- Department of Reproductive Biology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición, Salvador Zubirán, Mexico
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O’Neil D, Mendez-Figueroa H, Mistretta TA, Su C, Lane RH, Aagaard KM. Dysregulation of Npas2 leads to altered metabolic pathways in a murine knockout model. Mol Genet Metab 2013; 110:378-87. [PMID: 24067359 PMCID: PMC3874417 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2013.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2013] [Accepted: 08/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In our primate model of maternal high fat diet exposure, we have described that fetal epigenomic modifications to the peripheral circadian Npas2 are associated with persistent alterations in fetal hepatic metabolism and non-alcoholic fatty liver. As the interaction of circadian response with metabolism is not well understood, we employed a murine knockout model to characterize the molecular mechanisms with which Npas2 reprograms the fetal hepatic metabolic response. cDNA was generated from Npas2-/- and +/+ (wild type) livers at day 2 (newborn) and at 25 weeks (adult) of life. Newborn samples were analyzed by exon array (n = 3/cohort). Independent pathway analysis software determined that the primary dysregulated pathway(s) in the Npas2-/- animals uniformly converged on lipid metabolism. Of particular interest, Ppargc1a, which integrates circadian and metabolism pathways, was significantly (p < .01) over expressed in newborn (1.7 fold) and adult (1.8 fold) Npas2-/- animals. These findings are consistent with an essential role for Npas2 in programming the peripheral circadian response and hepatic metabolism, which has not been previously described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek O’Neil
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine; Baylor College of Medicine; Houston, TX, 77030; USA
- Translational Biology and Molecular Medicine Program; Baylor College of Medicine; Houston, TX, 77030; USA
| | - Hector Mendez-Figueroa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine; Baylor College of Medicine; Houston, TX, 77030; USA
| | - Toni-Ann Mistretta
- Department of Pathology; Texas Children’s Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine; Houston, TX, 77030; USA
| | - Chunliu Su
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine; Baylor College of Medicine; Houston, TX, 77030; USA
| | - Robert H. Lane
- Department of Pediatrics; University of Utah; Salt Lake City, UT, 84112; USA
| | - Kjersti M. Aagaard
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine; Baylor College of Medicine; Houston, TX, 77030; USA
- Translational Biology and Molecular Medicine Program; Baylor College of Medicine; Houston, TX, 77030; USA
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Suter MA, Takahashi D, Grove KL, Aagaard KM. Postweaning exposure to a high-fat diet is associated with alterations to the hepatic histone code in Japanese macaques. Pediatr Res 2013; 74:252-8. [PMID: 23788059 PMCID: PMC3766448 DOI: 10.1038/pr.2013.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2012] [Accepted: 02/02/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Expression of circadian gene, Npas2, is altered in fetal life with maternal high-fat (HF) diet exposure by virtue of alterations in the fetal histone code. We postulated that these disruptions would persist postnatally. METHODS Pregnant macaques were fed a control (CTR) or HF diet and delivered at term. When offspring were weaned, they were placed on either CTR or HF diet for a period of 5 mo to yield four exposure models (in utero diet/postweaning diet: CTR/CTR n = 5; CTR/HF n = 4; HF/CTR n = 4; and HF/HF n = 5). Liver specimens were obtained at necropsy at 1 y of age. RESULTS Hepatic trimethylation of lysine 4 of histone H3 is decreased (CTR/HF 0.87-fold, P = 0.038; HF/CTR 0.84-fold, P = 0.038), whereas hepatic methyltransferase activity increased by virtue of diet exposure (HF/HF 1.3-fold, P = 0.019). Using chromatin immunoprecipitation to determine Npas2 promoter occupancy, we found alterations of both repressive and permissive histone modifications specifically with postweaning HF diet exposure. CONCLUSION We found that altered Npas2 expression corresponds with a change in the histone code within the Npas2 promoter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa A. Suter
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Diana Takahashi
- Division of Neurosciences, Oregon Health Sciences University, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, OR
| | - Kevin L. Grove
- Division of Neurosciences, Oregon Health Sciences University, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, OR,Division of Reproductive & Developmental Sciences, Oregon Health Sciences University, Beaverton, OR
| | - Kjersti M. Aagaard
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas,To whom correspondence should be addressed: Kjersti Aagaard, MD, PhD, Baylor College of Medicine, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, phone: 713-798-8467, fax: 713-798-4216,
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Animal models of in utero exposure to a high fat diet: a review. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2013; 1842:507-519. [PMID: 23872578 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2013.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2013] [Revised: 07/01/2013] [Accepted: 07/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The incidence of metabolic disease, including type 2 diabetes and obesity, has increased to epidemic levels in recent years. A growing body of evidence suggests that the intrauterine environment plays a key role in the development of metabolic disease in offspring. Among other perturbations in early life, alteration in the provision of nutrients has profound and lasting effects on the long term health and well being of offspring. Rodent and non-human primate models provide a means to understand the underlying mechanisms of this programming effect. These different models demonstrate converging effects of a maternal high fat diet on insulin and glucose metabolism, energy balance, cardiovascular function and adiposity in offspring. Furthermore, evidence suggests that the early life environment can result in epigenetic changes that set the stage for alterations in key pathways of metabolism that lead to type 2 diabetes or obesity. Identifying and understanding the causal factors responsible for this metabolic dysregulation is vital to curtailing these epidemics. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Modulation of Adipose Tissue in Health and Disease.
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Suter MA, Chen A, Burdine MS, Choudhury M, Harris RA, Lane RH, Friedman JE, Grove KL, Tackett AJ, Aagaard KM. A maternal high-fat diet modulates fetal SIRT1 histone and protein deacetylase activity in nonhuman primates. FASEB J 2012; 26:5106-14. [PMID: 22982377 DOI: 10.1096/fj.12-212878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
In nonhuman primates, we previously demonstrated that a maternal high-fat diet (MHFD) induces fetal nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and alters the fetal metabolome. These changes are accompanied by altered acetylation of histone H3 (H3K14ac). However, the mechanism behind this alteration in acetylation remains unknown. As SIRT1 is both a lysine deacetylase and a crucial sensor of cellular metabolism, we hypothesized that SIRT1 may be involved in fetal epigenomic alterations. Here we show that in utero exposure to a MHFD, but not maternal obesity per se, increases fetal H3K14ac with concomitant decreased SIRT1 expression and diminished in vitro protein and histone deacetylase activity. MHFD increased H3K14ac and DBC1-SIRT1 complex formation in fetal livers, both of which were abrogated with diet reversal despite persistent maternal obesity. Moreover, MHFD was associated with altered expression of known downstream effectors deregulated in NAFLD and modulated by SIRT1 (e.g., PPARΑ, PPARG, SREBF1, CYP7A1, FASN, and SCD). Finally, ex vivo purified SIRT1 retains deacetylase activity on an H3K14ac peptide substrate with preferential activity toward acetylated histone H3; mutagenesis of the catalytic domain of SIRT1 (H363Y) abrogates H3K14ac deacetylation. Our data implicate SIRT1 as a likely molecular mediator of the fetal epigenome and metabolome under MHFD conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa A Suter
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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