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Khanchi S, Hashemi Khabir SH, Hashemi Khabir SH, Golmoghani Asl R, Rahimzadeh S. The role of magnesium oxide foliar sprays in enhancing mint (Mentha crispa L.) tolerance to cadmium stress. Sci Rep 2024; 14:14823. [PMID: 38937645 PMCID: PMC11211327 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-65853-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
This study investigates using magnesium foliar spray to enhance mint plants' growth and physiological performance under cadmium toxicity. It examines the effects of foliar application of magnesium oxide (40 mg L-1), in both nano and bulk forms, on mint plants exposed to cadmium stress (60 mg kg-1 soil). Cadmium stress reduced root growth and activity, plant biomass (32%), leaf hydration (19%), chlorophyll levels (27%), magnesium content (51%), and essential oil yield (35%), while increasing oxidative and osmotic stress in leaf tissues. Foliar application of magnesium increased root growth (32%), plant biomass, essential oil production (17%), leaf area (24%), chlorophyll content (10%), soluble sugar synthesis (33%), and antioxidant enzyme activity, and reduced lipid peroxidation and osmotic stress. Although the nano form of magnesium enhanced magnesium absorption, its impact on growth and physiological performance was not significantly different from the bulk form. Therefore, foliar application of both forms improves plants' ability to withstand cadmium toxicity. However, the study is limited by its focus on a single plant species and specific environmental conditions, which may affect the generalizability of the results. The long-term sustainability of such treatments could provide a more comprehensive understanding of magnesium's role in mitigating heavy metal stress in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soheil Khanchi
- Department of Agronomy, Islamic Azad University of Sanandaj, Sanandaj, Iran
| | | | | | - Reza Golmoghani Asl
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Islamic Azad University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Saeedeh Rahimzadeh
- Department of Plant Eco-Physiology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
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2
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Zhou C, Bo W, El-Kassaby YA, Li W. Transcriptome profiles reveal response mechanisms and key role of PsNAC1 in Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica to drought stress. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:343. [PMID: 38671396 PMCID: PMC11046967 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-05051-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Drought stress severely impedes plant growth, and only a limited number of species exhibit long-term resistance to such conditions. Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica, a dominant tree species in arid and semi-arid regions of China, exhibits strong drought resistance and plays a crucial role in the local ecosystem. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying this resistance remain poorly understood. RESULTS Here, we conducted transcriptome sequence and physiological indicators analysis of needle samples during drought treatment and rehydration stages. De-novo assembly yielded approximately 114,152 unigenes with an N50 length of 1,363 bp. We identified 6,506 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), with the majority being concentrated in the heavy drought stage (4,529 DEGs). Functional annotation revealed enrichment of drought-related GO terms such as response to water (GO:0009415: enriched 108 genes) and response to water deprivation (GO:0009414: enriched 106 genes), as well as KEGG categories including MAPK signaling pathway (K04733: enriched 35 genes) and monoterpenoid biosynthesis (K21374: enriched 27 genes). Multiple transcription factor families and functional protein families were differentially expressed during drought treatment. Co-expression network analysis identified a potential drought regulatory network between cytochrome P450 genes (Unigene4122_c1_g1) and a core regulatory transcription factor Unigene9098_c3_g1 (PsNAC1) with highly significant expression differences. We validated PsNAC1 overexpression in Arabidopsis and demonstrated enhanced drought resistance. CONCLUSIONS These findings provide insight into the molecular basis of drought resistance in P. sylvestris var. mongolica and lay the foundation for further exploration of its regulatory network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengcheng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Wenhao Bo
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yousry A El-Kassaby
- Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, 2424 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.
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Caine RS, Khan MS, Brench RA, Walker HJ, Croft HL. Inside-out: Synergising leaf biochemical traits with stomatal-regulated water fluxes to enhance transpiration modelling during abiotic stress. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2024. [PMID: 38533601 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
As the global climate continues to change, plants will increasingly experience abiotic stress(es). Stomata on leaf surfaces are the gatekeepers to plant interiors, regulating gaseous exchanges that are crucial for both photosynthesis and outward water release. To optimise future crop productivity, accurate modelling of how stomata govern plant-environment interactions will be crucial. Here, we synergise optical and thermal imaging data to improve modelled transpiration estimates during water and/or nutrient stress (where leaf N is reduced). By utilising hyperspectral data and partial least squares regression analysis of six plant traits and fluxes in wheat (Triticum aestivum), we develop a new spectral vegetation index; the Combined Nitrogen and Drought Index (CNDI), which can be used to detect both water stress and/or nitrogen deficiency. Upon full stomatal closure during drought, CNDI shows a strong relationship with leaf water content (r2 = 0.70), with confounding changes in leaf biochemistry. By incorporating CNDI transformed with a sigmoid function into thermal-based transpiration modelling, we have increased the accuracy of modelling water fluxes during abiotic stress. These findings demonstrate the potential of using combined optical and thermal remote sensing-based modelling approaches to dynamically model water fluxes to improve both agricultural water usage and yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert S Caine
- Plants, Photosynthesis and Soil, School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, South Yorkshire, UK
- School of Biosciences, Institute for Sustainable Food, University of Sheffield, South Yorkshire, UK
| | - Muhammad S Khan
- Plants, Photosynthesis and Soil, School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, South Yorkshire, UK
| | - Robert A Brench
- Plants, Photosynthesis and Soil, School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, South Yorkshire, UK
| | - Heather J Walker
- Plants, Photosynthesis and Soil, School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, South Yorkshire, UK
- School of Biosciences, Institute for Sustainable Food, University of Sheffield, South Yorkshire, UK
- biOMICS Mass Spectrometry Facility, School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, South Yorkshire, UK
| | - Holly L Croft
- Plants, Photosynthesis and Soil, School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, South Yorkshire, UK
- School of Biosciences, Institute for Sustainable Food, University of Sheffield, South Yorkshire, UK
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Chekol H, Warkineh B, Shimber T, Mierek-Adamska A, Dąbrowska GB, Degu A. Drought Stress Responses in Arabica Coffee Genotypes: Physiological and Metabolic Insights. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:828. [PMID: 38592785 PMCID: PMC10975139 DOI: 10.3390/plants13060828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Understanding the impact of drought stress on Arabica coffee physiology and metabolism is essential in the pursuit of developing drought-resistant varieties. In this study, we explored the physiological and metabolite changes in coffee genotypes exhibiting varying degrees of tolerance to drought-namely, the relatively tolerant Ca74110 and Ca74112, and the sensitive Ca754 and CaJ-19 genotypes-under well-watered conditions and during terminal drought stress periods at two time points (0 and 60 days following the onset of stress). The metabolite profiling uncovered significant associations between the growth and the physiological characteristics of coffee genotypes with distinct drought tolerance behaviors. Initially, no marked differences were observed among the genotypes or treatments. However, at the 60-day post-drought onset time point, notably higher shoot growth, biomass, CO2 assimilation, pigments, and various physiological parameters were evident, particularly in the relatively tolerant genotypes. The metabolite profiling revealed elevations in glucose, maltose, amino acids, and organic acids, and decreases in other metabolites. These alterations were more pronounced in the drought-tolerant genotypes, indicating a correlation between enhanced compatible solutes and energy-associated metabolites crucial for drought tolerance mechanisms. This research introduces GC-MS-based metabolome profiling to the study of Ethiopian coffee, shedding light on its intricate responses to drought stress and paving the way for the potential development of drought-resistant coffee seedlings in intensified agro-ecological zones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Habtamu Chekol
- Department of Plant Biology and Biodiversity Management, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa 3434, Ethiopia; (H.C.); (B.W.)
| | - Bikila Warkineh
- Department of Plant Biology and Biodiversity Management, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa 3434, Ethiopia; (H.C.); (B.W.)
| | - Tesfaye Shimber
- Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, Addis Ababa 2003, Ethiopia;
| | - Agnieszka Mierek-Adamska
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Lwowska 1, 87-100 Toruń, Poland; (A.M.-A.); (G.B.D.)
| | - Grażyna B. Dąbrowska
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Lwowska 1, 87-100 Toruń, Poland; (A.M.-A.); (G.B.D.)
| | - Asfaw Degu
- Department of Plant Biology and Biodiversity Management, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa 3434, Ethiopia; (H.C.); (B.W.)
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Paethaisong W, Lakhunthod P, Santanoo S, Chandarak N, Onwan S, Kaewjampa N, Dongsansuk A. Open field hardening improves leaf physiological drought tolerance in young plants of Sindora siamensis. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2024; 51:FP23102. [PMID: 38479796 DOI: 10.1071/fp23102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
The effect of drought stress on leaf physiology was studied in 10-month-old plants of Sindora siamensis . Plants were either placed in an open greenhouse (unhardening; UH) or in an open field (open field hardening; H) for 45days. Both the UH and H plants stopped receiving water (D) until the initial drought injury and then rewatered (R) until complete recovery. Results showed necrosis in the leaves of UH+D, while H+D showed wilting at Day 7 after drought. A greater degree of necrosis was found in UH+D+R but made complete recovery in H+D+R at Day 4 after rewatering. Drought stress resulted in decreased leaf area in H, and reduced leaf and stem water status, PSII efficiency, net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and transpiration rate in both UH and H. It also resulted in an increase in water use efficiency in both UH and H. Electrolyte leakage and malondialdehyde contents in UH were markedly increased due to drought stress. These results suggest that unhardened young plants of Sindora exposed to drought exhibited enhanced stomata behaviour by minimising open stomata and transpiration, resulting in high efficiency of water usage. However, there was still membrane damage from lipid peroxidation, which caused necrosis. Open field hardened plants exposed to drought demonstrated reduced open stomata and transpiration, thereby preserving leaf and soil water status and enhancing water use efficiency. This may be a reduction in lipid peroxidation though an oxidative scavenging mechanism that causes a slight alteration in membrane stability and a slight necrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Warunya Paethaisong
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Preeyanuch Lakhunthod
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Ubon Ratchathani University, Ubon Ratchathani 34190, Thailand
| | - Supranee Santanoo
- Salt-tolerant Rice Research Group, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Natthamon Chandarak
- Salt-tolerant Rice Research Group, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; and Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Sujittra Onwan
- Department of Forest Resource Management Office No. 7, Khon Kaen 40000, Thailand
| | - Naruemol Kaewjampa
- Department of Conservation, Faculty of Forestry, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Anoma Dongsansuk
- Salt-tolerant Rice Research Group, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; and Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
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Aguirre-Bottger C, Zolla G. The best of both worlds: photosynthesis and Solanaceae biodiversity seeking a sustainable food and cosmetic industry. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1362814. [PMID: 38434437 PMCID: PMC10904534 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1362814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Gaston Zolla
- Grupo de Investigation en Fisiología Molecular de Plantas, Facultad de Agronomia, Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, Lima, Peru
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Yang D, Chen Y, Wang R, He Y, Ma X, Shen J, He Z, Lai H. Effects of Exogenous Abscisic Acid on the Physiological and Biochemical Responses of Camellia oleifera Seedlings under Drought Stress. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:225. [PMID: 38256779 PMCID: PMC11154478 DOI: 10.3390/plants13020225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
This study comprehensively investigates the physiological and molecular regulatory mechanisms of Camellia oleifera seedlings under drought stress with a soil moisture content of about 30%, where exogenous abscisic acid (ABA) was applied via foliar spraying at concentrations of 50 µg/L, 100 µg/L, and 200 µg/L. The results demonstrated that appropriate concentrations of ABA treatment can regulate the physiological state of the seedlings through multiple pathways, including photosynthesis, oxidative stress response, and osmotic balance, thereby aiding in the restructuring of their drought response strategy. ABA treatment effectively activated the antioxidant system by reducing stomatal conductance and moderately inhibiting the photosynthetic rate, thus alleviating oxidative damage caused by drought stress. Additionally, ABA treatment promoted the synthesis of osmotic regulators such as proline, maintaining cellular turgor stability and enhancing the plant's drought adaptability. The real-time quantitative PCR results of related genes indicated that ABA treatment enhanced the plant's response to the ABA signaling pathway and improved disease resistance by regulating the expression of related genes, while also enhancing membrane lipid stability. A comprehensive evaluation using a membership function approach suggested that 50 µg/L ABA treatment may be the most-effective in mitigating drought effects in practical applications, followed by 100 µg/L ABA. The application of 50 µg/L ABA for 7 h induced significant changes in various biochemical parameters, compared to a foliar water spray. Notably, superoxide dismutase activity increased by 17.94%, peroxidase activity by 30.27%, glutathione content by 12.41%, and proline levels by 25.76%. The content of soluble sugars and soluble proteins rose by 14.79% and 87.95%, respectively. Additionally, there was a significant decrease of 31.15% in the malondialdehyde levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dayu Yang
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (D.Y.); (Y.H.); (X.M.); (J.S.)
- Research Institute of Oil Tea Camellia, Hunan Academy of Forestry, Changsha 410004, China; (Y.C.); (R.W.)
| | - Yongzhong Chen
- Research Institute of Oil Tea Camellia, Hunan Academy of Forestry, Changsha 410004, China; (Y.C.); (R.W.)
- National Engineering Research Center for Oil-Tea Camellia, State Key Laboratory of Utilization of Woody Oil Resource, Hunan Academy of Forestry, Changsha 410116, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Research Institute of Oil Tea Camellia, Hunan Academy of Forestry, Changsha 410004, China; (Y.C.); (R.W.)
- National Engineering Research Center for Oil-Tea Camellia, State Key Laboratory of Utilization of Woody Oil Resource, Hunan Academy of Forestry, Changsha 410116, China
| | - Yimin He
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (D.Y.); (Y.H.); (X.M.); (J.S.)
- Research Institute of Oil Tea Camellia, Hunan Academy of Forestry, Changsha 410004, China; (Y.C.); (R.W.)
| | - Xiaofan Ma
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (D.Y.); (Y.H.); (X.M.); (J.S.)
- Research Institute of Oil Tea Camellia, Hunan Academy of Forestry, Changsha 410004, China; (Y.C.); (R.W.)
| | - Jiancai Shen
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (D.Y.); (Y.H.); (X.M.); (J.S.)
- Research Institute of Oil Tea Camellia, Hunan Academy of Forestry, Changsha 410004, China; (Y.C.); (R.W.)
| | - Zhilong He
- Research Institute of Oil Tea Camellia, Hunan Academy of Forestry, Changsha 410004, China; (Y.C.); (R.W.)
- National Engineering Research Center for Oil-Tea Camellia, State Key Laboratory of Utilization of Woody Oil Resource, Hunan Academy of Forestry, Changsha 410116, China
| | - Hanggui Lai
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (D.Y.); (Y.H.); (X.M.); (J.S.)
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Ben Hamed S, Lefi E, Chaieb M. Effect of drought stress and subsequent re-watering on the physiology and nutrition of Pistacia vera and Pistacia atlantica. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2024; 51:NULL. [PMID: 37463662 DOI: 10.1071/fp23097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
Arid and semi-arid regions are characterised by extreme conditions including drought stress and salinity. These factors profoundly affect the agricultural sector. The objective of this work is to study the effect of drought and re-watering on leaf gas exchange, chlorophyll fluorescence and mineral nutrition in Pistacia vera and Pistacia atlantica . Water stress was applied to individuals of P. vera and P. atlantica for 23days, followed by rehydration for 7days. The results showed a clear reduction in water relations, leaf gas exchange and chlorophyll content in P. vera . Compared to P. vera , P. atlantica maintained less affected water status, total chlorophyll content, leaf gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence, stable Zn and Fe proportion, and even elevated K and Cu. The changes in the chlorophyll fluorescence parameter were manifested particularly at the maximal fluorescence (Fm). In contrast, no change was recorded at the minimal fluorescence (F0). After re-hydration, although water status was fully recovered in both species, stomatal conductance (gs), net photosynthesis (A ) and transpiration rate (E ) remain with lower values than the well-watered seedlings. P. atlantica was better adapted to drought stress than P. vera .
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Affiliation(s)
- Samouna Ben Hamed
- Laboratory of Plant Ecophysiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Gafsa, Gafsa, Tunisia; and LEBIOMAT: Laboratory of Arid Environment and Plant Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Elkadri Lefi
- Laboratory of Plant Ecophysiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Gafsa, Gafsa, Tunisia; and LEBIOMAT: Laboratory of Arid Environment and Plant Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Chaieb
- LEBIOMAT: Laboratory of Arid Environment and Plant Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
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Lobiuc A, Stoleru V, Gheorghiţă R, Burducea M. The Effect of Municipal Biosolids on the Growth, Physiology and Synthesis of Phenolic Compounds in Ocimum basilicum L. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:448. [PMID: 38203619 PMCID: PMC10779201 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The continuous development of drinking water networks is leading to the production of increasing amounts of waste water and sewage sludge. Secondary-treated sewage sludge is called biosolids and can be used as fertilizers in agriculture due to its rich nutrient content. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of biosolids mixed with an eroded soil on the morphology, physiology and synthesis of bioactive compounds in basil. The study was performed in pots under laboratory-controlled conditions. In total, four substrates were tested: S1 biosolids 100%, S2 biosolids 15% + eroded soil 85%, S3 eroded soil 100% and S4 control (commercial growing substrate). At the morphological level, a significant increase in plant height, number of branches, fresh biomass and dry biomass was found in the S2 variant. At the physiological level, photosynthesis and chlorophyll content did not vary significantly, but the quantum yield of PSII (ΦPSII) was significantly higher at S1 and S2. The oxidative status evaluated by determining the activity of SOD, POD and CAT enzymes was better in S2 and S3 compared to S3. Regarding the synthesis of bioactive compounds (rosmarinic acid, caffeic acid and gallic acid), it was stimulated in S1 and S2. In conclusion, biosolids application stimulated the stress response mechanisms in basil plants by increasing the quantum yield chlorophyll fluorescence and catalase activity, alleviating the negative effects of eroded soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei Lobiuc
- Department of Medicine and Biological Sciences, Stefan cel Mare University, 720229 Suceava, Romania; (A.L.); (R.G.)
| | - Vasile Stoleru
- Department of Horticulture Technologies, “Ion Ionescu de la Brad” University of Life Sciences, 700490 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Roxana Gheorghiţă
- Department of Medicine and Biological Sciences, Stefan cel Mare University, 720229 Suceava, Romania; (A.L.); (R.G.)
| | - Marian Burducea
- Research and Development Station for Aquaculture and Aquatic Ecology, “Alexandru Ioan Cuza” University, Carol I, 20A, 700505 Iasi, Romania
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Chen X, Zhang H, Teng A, Zhang C, Lei L, Ba Y, Wang Z. Photosynthetic characteristics, yield and quality of sunflower response to deficit irrigation in a cold and arid environment. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1280347. [PMID: 38046602 PMCID: PMC10690785 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1280347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
In arid regions, deficit irrigation stands as an efficacious strategy for augmenting agricultural water conservation and fostering sustainable crop production. The Hexi Oasis, an irrigation zone situated in Northwest China, serves as a pivotal area to produce grain and cash crops. Nonetheless, due to the predominant conditions of low rainfall and high evaporation, the scarcity of irrigation water has emerged as a critical constraint affecting crop growth and yield in the area. In order to evaluate the effects of deficit irrigation on photosynthetic characteristics, yield, quality, and water use efficiency of sunflower, a two-year field experiment with under-mulched drip irrigation was conducted in the cold and arid environment of the Hexi Oasis region. Water deficits were implemented at sunflower seedling and maturity and consisted of three deficit levels: mild deficit (65-75% field capacity, FC), moderate deficit (55-65% FC), and severe deficit (45-55% FC). A total of six combined water deficit treatments were applied, using full irrigation (75-85% FC) throughout the entire crop-growing season as the control (CK). The results illustrated that water deficit engendered a decrease in leaf net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, and stomatal conductance of sunflower compared to CK, with the decrease becoming significant with the water deficit increasing. A mild water deficit, both at the seedling and maturity phases, precipitated a significant enhancement (p< 0.05) in leaf water use efficiency. Under mild water deficit, stomatal limitation emerged as the predominant factor inducing a reduction in the photosynthetic capacity of sunflower leaves, while as the water deficit escalated, non-stomatal limitation progressively assumed dominance. Moreover, a mild/moderate water deficit at seedling and a mild water deficit at maturity (WD1 and WD3) significantly improved sunflower seed quality under consistent yield conditions and significantly increased irrigation water use efficiency, with an average increase of 15.3% and 18.5% over the two years, respectively. Evaluations utilizing principal component analysis and membership function methods revealed that WD1 attained the highest comprehensive score. Consequently, a mild water deficit at both seedling and maturity (WD1) is advocated as the optimal deficit irrigation strategy for sunflower production within the cold and arid environment of Northwest China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xietian Chen
- College of Agronomy and Agricultural Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
| | - Hengjia Zhang
- College of Agronomy and Agricultural Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
| | - Anguo Teng
- Yimin Irrigation Experimental Station, Hongshui River Management Office, Zhangye, China
| | - Changlong Zhang
- Yimin Irrigation Experimental Station, Hongshui River Management Office, Zhangye, China
| | - Lian Lei
- Yimin Irrigation Experimental Station, Hongshui River Management Office, Zhangye, China
| | - Yuchun Ba
- Yimin Irrigation Experimental Station, Hongshui River Management Office, Zhangye, China
| | - Zeyi Wang
- College of Water Conservancy and Hydropower Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
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11
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Hameed S, Atif M, Perveen S. Role of gibberellins, neem leaf extract, and serine in improving wheat growth and grain yield under drought-triggered oxidative stress. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 29:1675-1691. [PMID: 38162918 PMCID: PMC10754809 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-023-01402-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
The foliar application of gibberellins (GA3), neem leaf extract (NLE) and serine can be proven as effective growth regulating agents to counter drought stress-related deleterious effects. The literature about the collaborative role of these substances in foliar spray application under drought stress is not available to this date. No single report is available in literature on combine foliar application of GA3, NLE, and serine in improving wheat growth and yield under drought-triggered oxidative stress. The objective of this study was to induct tolerance against drought stress in order to sustain maximum growth and yield of wheat varieties (Anaj-2017 and Galaxy-2013) with foliar applications of GA3, NLE, and serine. The current field trial was designed to disclose the protective role of these substances in wheat varieties (Anaj-2017 and Galaxy-2013) under water-deficit stress. Two irrigation levels, i.e., control (normal irrigation) and water stress (water deficit irrigation), and 5 levels of GA3, NLE and serine i.e., control (water spray), GA3 (10.0 ppm), NLE (10.0%), serine (9.5 mM), and mixture (GA3 + NLE + serine) in a 1:1:1 ratio was applied. Application of these substances improved the pigments (Chlorophyll a, b), carotenoids, growth, biomass, and grain yield traits of both wheat varieties under water-deficit stress. Activities of antioxidant enzymes (POD, CAT and SOD), and non-enzymatic antioxidants (proline, total phenolic contents, anthocyanin and free amino acids) were up-regulated under drought stress and with foliar spray treatments. The foliar applications of these substances reduced the drought triggered overproduction of lipid peroxidation (MDA) and H2O2. The study found that Galaxy-2013 variety is more tolerant to drought stress than Anaj-2017, while co-applied treatments (GA3 + NLE + serine) were shown to be the most effective among all applications. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12298-023-01402-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sidra Hameed
- Department of Botany, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000 Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Atif
- Department of Botany, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000 Pakistan
| | - Shagufta Perveen
- Department of Botany, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000 Pakistan
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12
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Luo Y, Yang J, Yang S, Wang A, Shuo S, Du L. Assessing the responses of different vegetation types to drought with satellite solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence over the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:35565-35582. [PMID: 38017724 DOI: 10.1364/oe.501964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
The Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau (YGP) is an important ecological region in southwestern China with frequent and severe droughts affecting its vegetation and ecosystem. Many studies have used vegetation indices to monitor drought effects on vegetation across the entire ecosystem. However, the drought response of different vegetation types in the YGP is unclear. This study used solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) and normalized difference vegetation Index (NDVI) data to monitor different vegetation types. The results showed that cropland was most sensitive and woody savanna was most resistant to drought. SIF had a stronger correlation with drought than NDVI, indicating its potential for vegetation monitoring.
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13
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Abd El-Mageed TA, Ihab R, Rady MM, Belal HEE, Mostafa FA, Galal TM, Masoudi LMA, Ali EF, Roulia M, Mahmoud AEM. A Novel Nutrient- and Antioxidant-Based Formulation Can Sustain Tomato Production under Full Watering and Drought Stress in Saline Soil. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3407. [PMID: 37836147 PMCID: PMC10574430 DOI: 10.3390/plants12193407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
As a result of the climate changes that are getting worse nowadays, drought stress (DS) is a major obstacle during crop life stages, which ultimately reduces tomato crop yields. So, there is a need to adopt modern approaches like a novel nutrient- and antioxidant-based formulation (NABF) for boosting tomato crop productivity. NABF consists of antioxidants (i.e., citric acid, salicylic acid, ascorbic acid, glutathione, and EDTA) and nutrients making it a fruitful growth stimulator against environmental stressors. As a first report, this study was scheduled to investigate the foliar application of NABF on growth and production traits, physio-biochemical attributes, water use efficiency (WUE), and nutritional, hormonal, and antioxidative status of tomato plants cultivated under full watering (100% of ETc) and DS (80 or 60% of ETc). Stressed tomato plants treated with NABF had higher DS tolerance through improved traits of photosynthetic efficiency, leaf integrity, various nutrients (i.e., copper, zinc, manganese, calcium, potassium, phosphorus, and nitrogen), and hormonal contents. These positives were a result of lower levels of oxidative stress biomarkers as a result of enhanced osmoprotectants (soluble sugars, proline, and soluble protein), and non-enzymatic and enzymatic antioxidant activities. Growth, yield, and fruit quality traits, as well as WUE, were improved. Full watering with application of 2.5 g NABF L-1 collected 121 t tomato fruits per hectare as the best treatment. Under moderate DS (80% of ETc), NABF application increased fruit yield by 10.3%, while, under severe DS (40% of ETc), the same fruit yield was obtained compared to full irrigation without NABF. Therefore, the application of 60% ETc × NABF was explored to not only give a similar yield with higher quality compared to 100% ETc without NABF as well as increase WUE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taia A. Abd El-Mageed
- Soil and Water Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, Fayoum 63514, Egypt;
| | - Radwa Ihab
- Botany Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, Fayoum 63514, Egypt; (R.I.); (H.E.E.B.)
| | - Mostafa M. Rady
- Botany Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, Fayoum 63514, Egypt; (R.I.); (H.E.E.B.)
| | - Hussein E. E. Belal
- Botany Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, Fayoum 63514, Egypt; (R.I.); (H.E.E.B.)
| | - Fatma A. Mostafa
- Plant Pathology Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Giza 11571, Egypt;
| | - Tarek M. Galal
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia; (T.M.G.); (L.M.A.M.)
| | - Luluah M. Al Masoudi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia; (T.M.G.); (L.M.A.M.)
| | - Esmat F. Ali
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia; (T.M.G.); (L.M.A.M.)
| | - Maria Roulia
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 157 72 Athens, Greece
| | - Amr E. M. Mahmoud
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, Fayoum 63514, Egypt;
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Silvestre-Carbonell S, Ogaya R, Fernández-Martínez M, Peñuelas J. Chlorophyll fluorescence variation in two Mediterranean forest species over a 21-year drought treatment period. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 43:1533-1547. [PMID: 37145498 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpad059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The Mediterranean is among the regions predicted to be most affected by climate change due to rising temperatures and increasing frequency as well as intensity of extreme weather events, such as drought. These shifts in climatic conditions might lead to changes in species community composition by enabling the increase of drought-tolerant species at the expense of less tolerant ones. This hypothesis was tested in the current study using chlorophyll fluorescence data from a 21-year precipitation exclusion experiment in a Mediterranean forest for two co-dominant Quercus ilex L. and Phillyrea latifolia L. species with contrasting low and high levels of drought tolerance, respectively. The maximum potential quantum efficiency of photosystem II (PSII) (Fv/Fm), photochemical efficiency of PSII (yield) and non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) varied seasonally. The Fv/Fm and NPQ levels were positively correlated with air temperature and standardized precipitation-evapotranspiration index (SPEI), whereas yield, which was greater under drought treatment, was negatively associated with vapor pressure deficit and SPEI. The Fv/Fm values showed similar increase in the two species over the 21-year study period regardless of treatment and in parallel to progressive warming. By contrast, yield values were higher in Q. ilex than in P. latifolia, while NPQ values were higher in P. latifolia than in Q. ilex. Notably, high yield values were also observed in the drought-treated plots. Throughout the study, plants in the drought-treated plots exhibited decreased basal area, leaf biomass and aerial cover due to high stem mortality. In addition, a continuous increase in temperature was detected in summer and autumn, which might explain the observed increase in Fv/Fm values over the study period. Higher yield and lower NPQ detected in Q. ilex could be attributed to less competition for resources in the drought-treated plots and acclimation of Q. ilex plants over the study period. Our results indicate that reduction in stem density could improve forest resilience to climate change-induced drought conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Silvestre-Carbonell
- CREAF, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia E081193, Spain
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia E08193, Spain
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit, CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Catalonia E08193, Spain
| | - Romà Ogaya
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia E08193, Spain
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit, CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Catalonia E08193, Spain
| | - Marcos Fernández-Martínez
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia E08193, Spain
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit, CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Catalonia E08193, Spain
- BEECA-UB, Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia E08028, Spain
| | - Josep Peñuelas
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia E08193, Spain
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit, CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Catalonia E08193, Spain
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Lian H, Qin C, Shen J, Ahanger MA. Alleviation of Adverse Effects of Drought Stress on Growth and Nitrogen Metabolism in Mungbean ( Vigna radiata) by Sulphur and Nitric Oxide Involves Up-Regulation of Antioxidant and Osmolyte Metabolism and Gene Expression. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3082. [PMID: 37687329 PMCID: PMC10490269 DOI: 10.3390/plants12173082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
The influence of drought induced by polyethylene glycol (PEG) and the alleviatory effect of nitric oxide (50 µM) and sulphur (S, 1 mM K2SO4) were studied in Vigna radiata. Drought stress reduced plant height, dry weight, total chlorophylls, carotenoids and the content of nitrogen, phosphorous, potassium and sulphur. The foliar applications of NO and sulphur each individually alleviated the decline, with a greater alleviation observed in seedlings treated with both NO and sulphur. The reduction in intermediates of chlorophyll synthesis pathways and photosynthesis were alleviated by NO and sulphur. Oxidative stress was evident through the increased hydrogen peroxide, superoxide and activity of lipoxygenase and protease which were significantly assuaged by NO, sulphur and NO + sulphur treatments. A reduction in the activity of nitrate reductase, glutamine synthetase and glutamate synthase was mitigated due to the application of NO and the supplementation of sulphur. The endogenous concentration of NO and hydrogen sulphide (HS) was increased due to PEG; however, the PEG-induced increase in NO and HS was lowered due to NO and sulphur. Furthermore, NO and sulphur treatments to PEG-stressed seedlings further enhanced the functioning of the antioxidant system, osmolytes and secondary metabolite accumulation. Activities of γ-glutamyl kinase and phenylalanine ammonia lyase were up-regulated due to NO and S treatments. The treatment of NO and S regulated the expression of the Cu/ZnSOD, POD, CAT, RLP, HSP70 and LEA genes significantly under normal and drought stress. The present study advocates for the beneficial use of NO and sulphur in the mitigation of drought-induced alterations in the metabolism of Vigna radiata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huida Lian
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Changzhi, Changzhi 046000, China; (H.L.); (C.Q.)
| | - Cheng Qin
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Changzhi, Changzhi 046000, China; (H.L.); (C.Q.)
| | - Jie Shen
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Changzhi, Changzhi 046000, China; (H.L.); (C.Q.)
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de Sousa GF, Silva MA, de Carvalho MR, de Morais EG, Benevenute PAN, Van Opbergen GAZ, Van Opbergen GGAZ, Guilherme LRG. Foliar Selenium Application to Reduce the Induced-Drought Stress Effects in Coffee Seedlings: Induced Priming or Alleviation Effect? PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3026. [PMID: 37687273 PMCID: PMC10490047 DOI: 10.3390/plants12173026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the role of Se supply in improving osmotic stress tolerance in coffee seedlings while also evaluating the best timing for Se application. Five times of Se foliar application were assessed during induced osmotic stress with PEG-6000 using the day of imposing stress as a default, plus two control treatments: with osmotic stress and without Se, and without osmotic stress and Se. Results demonstrated that osmotic stress (OS) promoted mild stress in the coffee plants (ψw from -1.5MPa to -2.5 MPa). Control plants under stress showed seven and five times lower activity of the enzymes GR and SOD compared with the non-stressed ones, and OS was found to further induce starch degradation, which was potentialized by the Se foliar supply. The seedlings that received foliar Se application 8 days before the stress exhibited higher CAT, APX, and SOD than the absolute control (-OS-Se)-771.1%, 356.3%, and 266.5% higher, respectively. In conclusion, previous Se foliar spray is more effective than the Se supply after OS to overcome the adverse condition. On the other hand, the post-stress application seems to impose extra stress on the plants, leading them to reduce their water potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Ferreira de Sousa
- Soil Science Department, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras 37200-000, MG, Brazil; (G.F.d.S.); (M.A.S.); (E.G.d.M.); (P.A.N.B.); (G.A.Z.V.O.); (G.G.A.Z.V.O.)
| | - Maila Adriely Silva
- Soil Science Department, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras 37200-000, MG, Brazil; (G.F.d.S.); (M.A.S.); (E.G.d.M.); (P.A.N.B.); (G.A.Z.V.O.); (G.G.A.Z.V.O.)
| | | | - Everton Geraldo de Morais
- Soil Science Department, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras 37200-000, MG, Brazil; (G.F.d.S.); (M.A.S.); (E.G.d.M.); (P.A.N.B.); (G.A.Z.V.O.); (G.G.A.Z.V.O.)
| | - Pedro Antônio Namorato Benevenute
- Soil Science Department, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras 37200-000, MG, Brazil; (G.F.d.S.); (M.A.S.); (E.G.d.M.); (P.A.N.B.); (G.A.Z.V.O.); (G.G.A.Z.V.O.)
| | - Gustavo Avelar Zorgdrager Van Opbergen
- Soil Science Department, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras 37200-000, MG, Brazil; (G.F.d.S.); (M.A.S.); (E.G.d.M.); (P.A.N.B.); (G.A.Z.V.O.); (G.G.A.Z.V.O.)
| | | | - Luiz Roberto Guimarães Guilherme
- Soil Science Department, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras 37200-000, MG, Brazil; (G.F.d.S.); (M.A.S.); (E.G.d.M.); (P.A.N.B.); (G.A.Z.V.O.); (G.G.A.Z.V.O.)
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17
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Semida WM, Abd El-Mageed TA, Gyushi MAH, Abd El-Mageed SA, Rady MM, Abdelkhalik A, Merah O, Sabagh AE, El-Metwally IM, Sadak MS, Abdelhamid MT. Exogenous Selenium Improves Physio-Biochemical and Performance of Drought-Stressed Phaseolus vulgaris Seeded in Saline Soil. SOIL SYSTEMS 2023; 7:67. [DOI: 10.3390/soilsystems7030067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Water and salt stresses are among the most important global problems that limit the growth and production of several crops. The current study aims at the possibility of mitigating the effect of deficit irrigation of common bean plants growing in saline lands by foliar spraying with selenium via the assessment of growth, productivity, physiological, and biochemical measurements. In our study, two field-based trials were conducted in 2017 and 2018 to examine the influence of three selenium (Se) concentrations (0 (Se0), 25 (Se25), and 50 mg L−1 (Se50)) on common bean plants grown under full irrigation (I100 = 100% of the crop evapotranspiration; ETc) and deficit irrigation (I80 = 80% of ETc, and I60 = 60% of ETc). Bean plants exposed to water stress led to a notable reduction in growth, yield, water productivity (WP), water status, SPAD value, and chlorophyll a fluorescence features (Fv/Fm and PI). However, foliar spraying of selenium at 25 or 50 mg L−1 on stressed bean plants attenuated the harmful effects of water stress. The findings suggest that foliage application of 25 or 50 mg L−1 selenium to common bean plants grown under I80 resulted in a higher membrane stability index, relative water content, SPAD chlorophyll index, and better efficiency of photosystem II (Fv/Fm, and PI). Water deficit at 20% increased the WP by 17%; however, supplementation of 25 or 50 mg L−1 selenium mediated further increases in WP up to 26%. Exogenous application of selenium (25 mg L−1 or 50 mg L−1) to water-stressed bean plants elevated the plant defense system component, given that it increased the free proline, ascorbic acid, and glutathione levels, as well as antioxidant enzymes (SOD, APX, GPX, and CAT). It was concluded that the application of higher levels (25 or/and 50 mg L−1) of Se improves plant water status as well as the growth and yield of common beans cultivated in saline soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wael M. Semida
- Horticulture Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, Fayoum 63514, Egypt
| | - Taia A. Abd El-Mageed
- Soil and Water Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, Fayoum 63514, Egypt
| | - Mohammed A. H. Gyushi
- Horticulture Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, Fayoum 63514, Egypt
| | | | - Mostafa M. Rady
- Botany Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, Fayoum 63514, Egypt
| | | | - Othmane Merah
- Laboratoire de Chimie Agro-Industrielle (LCA), Université de Toulouse, INRA, INPT, 31030 Toulouse, France
- Département Génie Biologique, Université Paul Sabatier-Toulouse III, IUT A, 32000 Auch, France
| | - Ayman El Sabagh
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt
- Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, Siirt University, 56100 Siirt, Turkey
| | - Ibrahim M. El-Metwally
- Botany Department, National Research Centre, 33 El Behouth Street, Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt
| | - Mervat Sh. Sadak
- Botany Department, National Research Centre, 33 El Behouth Street, Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt
| | - Magdi T. Abdelhamid
- Botany Department, National Research Centre, 33 El Behouth Street, Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Texas A&M University, 370 Olsen Blvd., College Station, TX 77843-2474, USA
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Abd El Mageed TA, Semida W, Hemida KA, Gyushi MA, Rady MM, Abdelkhalik A, Merah O, Brestic M, Mohamed HI, El Sabagh A, Abdelhamid MT. Glutathione-mediated changes in productivity, photosynthetic efficiency, osmolytes, and antioxidant capacity of common beans ( Phaseolus vulgaris) grown under water deficit. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15343. [PMID: 37366423 PMCID: PMC10290831 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Globally, salinity and drought are severe abiotic stresses that presently threaten vegetable production. This study investigates the potential exogenously-applied glutathione (GSH) to relieve water deficits on Phaseolus vulgaris plants cultivated in saline soil conditions (6.22 dS m-1) by evaluating agronomic, stability index of membrane, water satatus, osmolytes, and antioxidant capacity responses. During two open field growing seasons (2017 and 2018), foliar spraying of glutathione (GSH) at 0.5 (GSH1) or 1.0 (GSH1) mM and three irrigation rates (I100 = 100%, I80 = 80% and I60 = 60% of the crop evapotranspiration) were applied to common bean plants. Water deficits significantly decreased common bean growth, green pods yield, integrity of the membranes, plant water status, SPAD chlorophyll index, and photosynthetic capacity (Fv/Fm, PI), while not improving the irrigation use efficiency (IUE) compared to full irrigation. Foliar-applied GSH markedly lessened drought-induced damages to bean plants, by enhancing the above variables. The integrative I80 + GSH1 or GSH2 and I60 + GSH1 or GSH2 elevated the IUE and exceeded the full irrigation without GSH application (I100) treatment by 38% and 37%, and 33% and 28%, respectively. Drought stress increased proline and total soluble sugars content while decreased the total free amino acids content. However, GSH-supplemented drought-stressed plants mediated further increases in all analyzed osmolytes contents. Exogenous GSH enhanced the common bean antioxidative machinery, being promoted the glutathione and ascorbic acid content as well as up-regulated the activity of superoxide dismutase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, and glutathione peroxidase. These findings demonstrate the efficacy of exogenous GSH in alleviating water deficit in bean plants cultivated in salty soil.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wael Semida
- Horticulture Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt
| | | | - Mohammed A.H. Gyushi
- Horticulture Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt
| | - Mostafa M. Rady
- Botany Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt
| | | | - Othmane Merah
- Laboratoire de Chimie Agro-industrielle, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, Toulouse, France
- IUT A, Département Génie Biologique, Université Paul Sabatier-Toulouse III, Auch, France
| | - Marian Brestic
- Plant Physiology, Slovak University of Agriculture, Nitra, Nitra, Slovakia
- Institute of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, A. Hlinku 2, Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Heba I. Mohamed
- Biological and Geological Sciences Department, Faculty of Education, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ayman El Sabagh
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr Al-Sheik, Egypt
- Botany Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Magdi T. Abdelhamid
- Botany Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States of America
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Jahan E, Sharwood RE, Tissue DT. Effects of leaf age during drought and recovery on photosynthesis, mesophyll conductance and leaf anatomy in wheat leaves. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1091418. [PMID: 37409304 PMCID: PMC10318540 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1091418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
statement: Mesophyll conductance (g m) was negatively correlated with wheat leaf age but was positively correlated with the surface area of chloroplasts exposed to intercellular airspaces (S c). The rate of decline in photosynthetic rate and g m as leaves aged was slower for water-stressed than well-watered plants. Upon rewatering, the degree of recovery from water-stress depended on the age of the leaves, with the strongest recovery for mature leaves, rather than young or old leaves. Diffusion of CO2 from the intercellular airspaces to the site of Rubisco within C3 plant chloroplasts (gm) governs photosynthetic CO2 assimilation (A). However, variation in g m in response to environmental stress during leaf development remains poorly understood. Age-dependent changes in leaf ultrastructure and potential impacts on g m, A, and stomatal conductance to CO2 (g sc) were investigated for wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in well-watered and water-stressed plants, and after recovery by re-watering of droughted plants. Significant reductions in A and g m were found as leaves aged. The oldest plants (15 days and 22 days) in water-stressed conditions showed higher A and gm compared to irrigated plants. The rate of decline in A and g m as leaves aged was slower for water-stressed compared to well-watered plants. When droughted plants were rewatered, the degree of recovery depended on the age of the leaves, but only for g m. The surface area of chloroplasts exposed to intercellular airspaces (S c) and the size of individual chloroplasts declined as leaves aged, resulting in a positive correlation between g m and S c. Leaf age significantly affected cell wall thickness (t cw), which was higher in old leaves compared to mature/young leaves. Greater knowledge of leaf anatomical traits associated with g m partially explained changes in physiology with leaf age and plant water status, which in turn should create more possibilities for improving photosynthesis using breeding/biotechnological strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eisrat Jahan
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Camden, NSW, Australia
| | - Robert Edward Sharwood
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Hawksbury, Penrith, NSW, Australia
- School of Science, Western Sydney University, Hawksbury, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - David T. Tissue
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Hawksbury, Penrith, NSW, Australia
- Global Centre for Land-Based Innovation, Western Sydney University, Hawksbury, Penrith, NSW, Australia
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Sperdouli I, Ouzounidou G, Moustakas M. Hormesis Responses of Photosystem II in Arabidopsis thaliana under Water Deficit Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119573. [PMID: 37298524 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Since drought stress is one of the key risks for the future of agriculture, exploring the molecular mechanisms of photosynthetic responses to water deficit stress is, therefore, fundamental. By using chlorophyll fluorescence imaging analysis, we evaluated the responses of photosystem II (PSII) photochemistry in young and mature leaves of Arabidopsis thaliana Col-0 (cv Columbia-0) at the onset of water deficit stress (OnWDS) and under mild water deficit stress (MiWDS) and moderate water deficit stress (MoWDS). Moreover, we tried to illuminate the underlying mechanisms in the differential response of PSII in young and mature leaves to water deficit stress in the model plant A. thaliana. Water deficit stress induced a hormetic dose response of PSII function in both leaf types. A U-shaped biphasic response curve of the effective quantum yield of PSII photochemistry (ΦPSII) in A. thaliana young and mature leaves was observed, with an inhibition at MiWDS that was followed by an increase in ΦPSII at MoWDS. Young leaves exhibited lower oxidative stress, evaluated by malondialdehyde (MDA), and higher levels of anthocyanin content compared to mature leaves under both MiWDS (+16%) and MoWDS (+20%). The higher ΦPSII of young leaves resulted in a decreased quantum yield of non-regulated energy loss in PSII (ΦNO), under both MiWDS (-13%) and MoWDS (-19%), compared to mature leaves. Since ΦNO represents singlet-excited oxygen (1O2) generation, this decrease resulted in lower excess excitation energy at PSII, in young leaves under both MiWDS (-10%) and MoWDS (-23%), compared to mature leaves. The hormetic response of PSII function in both young and mature leaves is suggested to be triggered, under MiWDS, by the intensified reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, which is considered to be beneficial for activating stress defense responses. This stress defense response that was induced at MiWDS triggered an acclimation response in A. thaliana young leaves and provided tolerance to PSII when water deficit stress became more severe (MoWDS). We concluded that the hormesis responses of PSII in A. thaliana under water deficit stress are regulated by the leaf developmental stage that modulates anthocyanin accumulation in a stress-dependent dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilektra Sperdouli
- Department of Botany, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
- Institute of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resources, Hellenic Agricultural Organization-Dimitra, GR-57001 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Georgia Ouzounidou
- Institute of Food Technology, Hellenic Agricultural Organization-Dimitra, GR-14123 Lycovrissi, Greece
| | - Michael Moustakas
- Department of Botany, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
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21
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Stefanov M, Rashkov G, Borisova P, Apostolova E. Sensitivity of the Photosynthetic Apparatus in Maize and Sorghum under Different Drought Levels. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:plants12091863. [PMID: 37176921 PMCID: PMC10180982 DOI: 10.3390/plants12091863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Drought is one of the main environmental stress factors affecting plant growth and yield. The impact of different PEG concentrations on the photosynthetic performance of maize (Zea mays L. Mayflower) and sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Foehn) was investigated. The activity of the photosynthetic apparatus was assessed using chlorophyll fluorescence (PAM and JIP test) and photooxidation of P700. The data revealed that water deficiency decreased the photochemical quenching (qP), the ratio of photochemical to nonphotochemical processes (Fv/Fo), the effective quantum yield of the photochemical energy conversion in PSII (ΦPSII), the rate of the electron transport (ETR), and the performance indexes PItotal and PIABS, as the impact was stronger in sorghum than in maize and depended on drought level. The PSI photochemistry (P700 photooxidation) in sorghum was inhibited after the application of all studied drought levels, while in maize, it was registered only after treatment with higher PEG concentrations (30% and 40%). Enhanced regulated energy losses (ΦNPQ) and activation of the state transition under drought were also observed in maize, while in sorghum, an increase mainly in nonregulated energy losses (ΦNO). A decrease in pigment content and relative water content and an increase in membrane damage were also registered after PEG treatment. The experimental results showed better drought tolerance of maize than sorghum. This study provides new information about the role of regulated energy losses and state transition for the protection of the photosynthetic apparatus under drought and might be a practical approach to the determination of the drought tolerance of plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Stefanov
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Georgi Rashkov
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Preslava Borisova
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Emilia Apostolova
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
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22
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Li J, Zafar S, Javaid A, Perveen S, Hasnain Z, Ihtisham M, Abbas A, Usman M, El-Sappah AH, Abbas M. Zinc Nanoparticles (ZnNPs): High-Fidelity Amelioration in Turnip (Brassica rapa L.) Production under Drought Stress. SUSTAINABILITY 2023; 15:6512. [DOI: 10.3390/su15086512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
The detrimental effects of drought have adverse impacts on the crop yield as global climatic changes put unusual pressure on water resources. The challenge of attaining water security is key for the sustainable development of crops. Zinc (Zn2+) is an important nutrient that helps to alleviate drought stress by modulating the growth and yield of crops. Recently, zinc nanoparticles (ZnNPs) have been used as a novel strategy for the fertilization of crops. This study was specifically developed to observe the comparative effects of ZnNPs and conventional zinc sulfate (ZnSO4) at diverse concentration levels (0.01%, 0.05%, and 0.1%) that could effectively decrease the injurious effect of drought stress on turnip plants. In experiments on the golden turnip variety, drought stress caused a significant reduction in all growth and biochemical attributes, and increased antioxidant enzymatic activity. In a comparison with the conventional fertilizer ZnSO4, the foliar application of 0.1% ZnNPs significantly improved plant height, biomass, root/turnip length, turnip diameter, antioxidant defense system, secondary metabolites, and photosynthetic pigments in the leaves under drought stress. Based on the collected results, it is suggested that the foliar application of ZnNPs, instead of ZnSO4, under drought stress is helpful in increasing the growth and yield of turnip plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Li
- School of Agriculture, Forestry and Food Engineering, Yibin University, Yibin 644000, China
| | - Sara Zafar
- Botany Department, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Ayesha Javaid
- Botany Department, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Shagufta Perveen
- Botany Department, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Zuhair Hasnain
- Department of Agronomy, PMAS Arid Agriculture University, Attock Campus, Attock 43600, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ihtisham
- School of Agriculture, Forestry and Food Engineering, Yibin University, Yibin 644000, China
| | - Adeel Abbas
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Muhammad Usman
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, MNS University of Agriculture, Multan 66000, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Ahmed H. El-Sappah
- School of Agriculture, Forestry and Food Engineering, Yibin University, Yibin 644000, China
- Genetics Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Manzar Abbas
- School of Agriculture, Forestry and Food Engineering, Yibin University, Yibin 644000, China
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23
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Kopecká R, Kameniarová M, Černý M, Brzobohatý B, Novák J. Abiotic Stress in Crop Production. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076603. [PMID: 37047573 PMCID: PMC10095105 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The vast majority of agricultural land undergoes abiotic stress that can significantly reduce agricultural yields. Understanding the mechanisms of plant defenses against stresses and putting this knowledge into practice is, therefore, an integral part of sustainable agriculture. In this review, we focus on current findings in plant resistance to four cardinal abiotic stressors—drought, heat, salinity, and low temperatures. Apart from the description of the newly discovered mechanisms of signaling and resistance to abiotic stress, this review also focuses on the importance of primary and secondary metabolites, including carbohydrates, amino acids, phenolics, and phytohormones. A meta-analysis of transcriptomic studies concerning the model plant Arabidopsis demonstrates the long-observed phenomenon that abiotic stressors induce different signals and effects at the level of gene expression, but genes whose regulation is similar under most stressors can still be traced. The analysis further reveals the transcriptional modulation of Golgi-targeted proteins in response to heat stress. Our analysis also highlights several genes that are similarly regulated under all stress conditions. These genes support the central role of phytohormones in the abiotic stress response, and the importance of some of these in plant resistance has not yet been studied. Finally, this review provides information about the response to abiotic stress in major European crop plants—wheat, sugar beet, maize, potatoes, barley, sunflowers, grapes, rapeseed, tomatoes, and apples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romana Kopecká
- Department of Molecular Biology and Radiobiology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, 61300 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Kameniarová
- Department of Molecular Biology and Radiobiology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, 61300 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Černý
- Department of Molecular Biology and Radiobiology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, 61300 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Břetislav Brzobohatý
- Department of Molecular Biology and Radiobiology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, 61300 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Novák
- Department of Molecular Biology and Radiobiology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, 61300 Brno, Czech Republic
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24
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Miranda V, Silva-Castro GA, Ruiz-Lozano JM, Fracchia S, García-Romera I. Fungal Endophytes Enhance Wheat and Tomato Drought Tolerance in Terms of Plant Growth and Biochemical Parameters. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:jof9030384. [PMID: 36983552 PMCID: PMC10051184 DOI: 10.3390/jof9030384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Drought is a major threat to plant growth in many parts of the world. During periods of drought, multiple aspects of plant physiology are negatively affected. For instance, water shortages induce osmotic imbalance, inhibit photosynthesis, decrease nutrient uptake, and increases the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In this context, it is necessary to develop sustainable strategies for crops that would help mitigate these conditions. In previous studies, endophytic Zopfiella erostrata strains were found to extensively colonize plant roots, forming a profuse melanized mycelium in the rhizosphere, which could be involved in improving water uptake and nutrient mineralization in plants. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of different strains of Z. erostrata on stress mitigation in wheat and tomato plants grown under water deficit conditions. General plant growth variables, as well as physiological and biochemical parameters, related to oxidative status were determined. Our data demonstrate that inoculation with both Zopfiella strains had a very significant effect on plant growth, even under water deficit conditions. However, we observed an even more pronounced impact, depending on the plant and strain involved, suggesting a certain degree of plant/strain compatibility. The biochemical aspects, the accumulation of proline, the oxidative damage to lipids, and the activity of antioxidant enzymes varied considerably depending on the endophyte and the plant evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Miranda
- Centro Regional de Investigaciones Científicas y Transferencia Tecnológica de La Rioja (CRILAR-CONICET, Provincia de La Rioja, UNLAR, SEGEMAR, UNCa), Entre Ríos y Mendoza s/n, Anillaco La Rioja 5301, Argentina
| | - Gloria Andrea Silva-Castro
- Department of Soil Microbiology and Symbiotic Systems, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Prof. Albareda 1 Apdo. 419, E-18008 Granada, Spain
| | - Juan Manuel Ruiz-Lozano
- Department of Soil Microbiology and Symbiotic Systems, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Prof. Albareda 1 Apdo. 419, E-18008 Granada, Spain
| | - Sebastian Fracchia
- The Mycology Laboratory, PROPLAME-PRHIDEB-CONICET, Department of Biodiversity and Experimental Biology, Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires 1053, Argentina
| | - Inmaculada García-Romera
- Department of Soil Microbiology and Symbiotic Systems, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Prof. Albareda 1 Apdo. 419, E-18008 Granada, Spain
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25
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Bakshi P, Sharma P, Chouhan R, Mir BA, Gandhi SG, Bhardwaj R, Alam P, Ahmad P. Interactive effect of 24-epibrassinolide and plant growth promoting rhizobacteria inoculation restores photosynthetic attributes in Brassica juncea L. under chlorpyrifos toxicity. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 320:120760. [PMID: 36464116 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Chlorpyrifos (CP) is a commonly used organophosphorous pesticide that is frequently utilised in the agricultural industry because of its great efficiency and inexpensive cost. The focus of the present study was to assess the impact of CP toxicity on Brassica juncea L. and to unravel the ameliorative potential of phytohormone, 24-epibrassinolide (EBL) mediated plant-microbe (Pseudomonas aeruginosa (B1), Burkholderia gladioli (B2)) interaction in B. juncea L. The maximum significant increment in the total chlorophyll, carotenoids, xanthophyll, anthocyanin and flavonoid content with EBL and B2 treatment in CP stressed B. juncea seedlings on spectrophotometric analysis were observed. Autofluorescence imaging of photosynthetic pigments i.e. chlorophyll, carotenoids, and total phenols with confocal microscopy showed maximum fluorescence with EBL and B2. Furthermore, when compared to CP stressed seedlings, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) study of the abaxial surface of leaves revealed a recovery in stomatal opening. The supplementation of EBL and PGPR (plant growth promoting rhizobacteria) improved the level of psb A (D1 subunit PSII) and psb B (CP 47 subunit of PSII) genes expression. The expression analysis of chalcone synthase (CHS), Phenylalanine ammonialyase (PAL), Phyotene synthase (PSY) with RT-PCR system showed up-regulation in the expression when supplemented with EBL and PGPR. As a result, the current study suggests that EBL and PGPR together, can reduce CP-induced toxicity in B. juncea seedlings and recovering the seedling biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palak Bakshi
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
| | - Pooja Sharma
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
| | - Rekha Chouhan
- Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR-IIIM), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Canal Road, Jammu, 180001, India
| | - Bilal Ahmad Mir
- Department of Botany, School of Life Science, Satellite Campus, University of Kashmir, Kargil, Jammu and Kashmir, 190006, India; Department of Botany, Kargil Campus, Khumbathang-Kargil, University of Ladakh, Ladakh, 194105, India
| | - Sumit G Gandhi
- Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR-IIIM), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Canal Road, Jammu, 180001, India
| | - Renu Bhardwaj
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
| | - Pravej Alam
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Humanities, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Parvaiz Ahmad
- Department of Botany, GDC, Pulwama, 192301, Jammu and Kashmir, India.
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26
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Li G, Li J, Zhang H, Li J, Jia L, Zhou S, Wang Y, Sun J, Tan M, Shao J. ASSVd infection inhibits the vegetative growth of apple trees by affecting leaf metabolism. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1137630. [PMID: 36909405 PMCID: PMC9998556 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1137630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Apple scar skin viroid (ASSVd) can infect apple trees and cause scar skin symptoms. However, the associated physiological mechanisms are unclear in young saplings. In this study, ASSVd-infected and control 'Odysso' and 'Tonami' apple saplings were examined to clarify the effects of ASSVd on apple tree growth and physiological characteristics as well as the leaf metabolome. The results indicated that leaf ASSVd contents increased significantly after grafting and remained high in the second year. Leaf size, tree height, stem diameter, branch length, and leaf photosynthetic efficiency decreased significantly in viroid-infected saplings. In response to the ASSVd infection, the chlorophyll a and b contents decreased significantly in 'Odysso', but were unchanged in 'Tonami'. Moreover, the N, P, K, Fe, Mn, and Ca contents decreased significantly in the leaves of viroid-infected 'Odysso' or 'Tonami'. Similarly, the CAT and POD contents decreased significantly in the viroid-infected saplings, but the SOD content increased in the viroid-infected 'Tonami' saplings. A total of 15 and 40 differentially abundant metabolites were respectively identified in the metabolome analyses of 'Odysso' and 'Tonami' leaves. Specifically, in the viroid-infected 'Odysso' and 'Tonami' samples, the L-2-aminobutyric acid, 6″-O-malonyldaidzin, and D-xylose contents increased, while the coumarin content decreased. These metabolites are related to the biosynthesis of isoflavonoids and phenylpropanoids as well as the metabolism of carbohydrates and amino acids. These results imply that ASSVd affects apple sapling growth by affecting physiological characteristics and metabolism of apple leaves. The study data may be useful for future investigations on the physiological mechanisms underlying apple tree responses to ASSVd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guofang Li
- College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Jinghong Li
- College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - He Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Jiuyang Li
- College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Linguang Jia
- Changli Institute of Pomology, Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Science, Changli, China
| | - Shiwei Zhou
- College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Yanan Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Jianshe Sun
- College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Ming Tan
- College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Jianzhu Shao
- College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
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27
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Wang Z, Shea Z, Li Q, Wang K, Mills K, Zhang B, Zhao B. Evaluate the guide RNA effectiveness via Agrobacterium-mediated transient assays in Nicotiana benthamiana. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1111683. [PMID: 36890894 PMCID: PMC9986745 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1111683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
CRISPR/Cas9-based genome editing system is a powerful tool for plant genetic improvement. However, the variable efficiency of guide RNA(s) (gRNA) represents a key limiting factor that hampers the broad application of the CRISPR/Cas9 system in crop improvement. Here, we employed the Agrobacterium-mediated transient assays to evaluate the effectiveness of gRNAs for editing genes in Nicotiana benthamiana and soybean. We designed a facile screening system based on indels that can be introduced by CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene editing. A gRNA binding sequence (23 nucleotides) was inserted into the open reading frame of yellow fluorescent protein (YFP) gene (gRNA-YFP), which disrupted the YFP reading frame and results in no fluorescent signal when it was expressed in plant cells. Transiently co-expression of Cas9 and a gRNA targeting the gRNA-YFP gene in plant cells could restore the YFP reading frame and recover the YFP signals. We evaluated five gRNAs targeting Nicotiana benthamiana and soybean genes and confirmed the reliability of the gRNA screening system. The effective gRNAs targeting NbEDS1, NbWRKY70, GmKTI1, and GmKTI3 had been used to generate transgenic plants and resulted in expected mutations on each gene. While a gRNA targeting NbNDR1 was confirmed to be ineffective in transient assays. This gRNA indeed failed to trigger target gene mutations in stable transgenic plants. Thus, this new transient assay system can be used to validate the effectiveness of gRNAs before generating stable transgenic plants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Bo Zhang
- *Correspondence: Bingyu Zhao, ; Bo Zhang,
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28
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Konieczna W, Warchoł M, Mierek-Adamska A, Skrzypek E, Waligórski P, Piernik A, Dąbrowska GB. Changes in physio-biochemical parameters and expression of metallothioneins in Avena sativa L. in response to drought. Sci Rep 2023; 13:2486. [PMID: 36775830 PMCID: PMC9922688 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-29394-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Drought is one of the major threats to food security. Among several mechanisms involved in plant stress tolerance, one protein family-the plant metallothioneins (MTs)-shows great promise for enhancing drought resistance. Plant metallothioneins in oat (Avena sativa L.) have not yet been deeply analysed, and the literature lacks a comprehensive study of the whole family of plant MTs in response to drought. In this study, we showed that the number and nature of cis-elements linked with stress response in promoters of AsMTs1-3 differed depending on the MT type. Drought stress in oat plants caused an increase in the expression of AsMT2 and AsMT3 and a decrease in the expression of AsMT1 compared to well-watered plants. Moreover, the low values of relative water content, water use efficiency, net photosynthesis (PN), transpiration (E), stomatal conductance (gs), chlorophyll a, and carotenoid were accompanied by high levels of electrolyte leakage, internal CO2 concentration (Ci) and abscisic acid content, and high activity of antioxidants enzymes in plants under drought stress. The present study puts forward the idea that AsMTs are crucial for oat response to drought stress not only by regulating antioxidant activity but also by changing the plant water regime and photosynthesis. Our results support the hypothesis that structural differences among types of plant MTs reflect their diversified physiological roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiktoria Konieczna
- Department of Genetics, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Lwowska 1, 87-100, Toruń, Poland
- Centre for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Wileńska 4, 87-100, Toruń, Poland
| | - Marzena Warchoł
- The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 21, 30-239, Kraków, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Mierek-Adamska
- Department of Genetics, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Lwowska 1, 87-100, Toruń, Poland
- Centre for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Wileńska 4, 87-100, Toruń, Poland
| | - Edyta Skrzypek
- The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 21, 30-239, Kraków, Poland
| | - Piotr Waligórski
- The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 21, 30-239, Kraków, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Piernik
- Department of Geobotany and Landscape Planning, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Lwowska 1, 87-100, Toruń, Poland
| | - Grażyna B Dąbrowska
- Department of Genetics, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Lwowska 1, 87-100, Toruń, Poland.
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29
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He J, Chang C, Qin L, Lai CH. Impacts of Deficit Irrigation on Photosynthetic Performance, Productivity and Nutritional Quality of Aeroponically Grown Tuscan Kale ( Brassica oleracea L.) in a Tropical Greenhouse. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032014. [PMID: 36768337 PMCID: PMC9916908 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuscan kale was grown aeroponically with 5, 30 and 60 min nutrient spraying intervals (defined as 5 minNSIs, 30 minNSIs and 60 minNSIs). Four weeks after transplanting, some 5 minNSI plants were transferred to a 60 minNSI (5 minNSI → 60 minNSI) and 90 minNSI (5 minNSI → 90 minNSI) for one more week. Significantly lower light-saturated rates of photosynthesis and stomatal conductance were observed for plants grown with a 60 minNSI than with a 5 minNSI. However, all plants had similar internal CO2 concentrations and transpiration rates. Reduced light use efficiency but increased energy dissipation was observed in plants grown in a 60 minNSI. A higher nitrate concentration was observed in 60 minNSI plants compared to 5 minNSI and 30 minNSI plants, while all plants had similar concentrations of total reduced nitrogen, leaf soluble protein and Rubisco protein. Plants grown with prolonged NSIs (deficit irrigation) had lower biomass accumulation due to the inhibition of leaf initiation and expansion compared to 5 minNSIs. However, there was no substantial yield penalty in 5 minNSI → 60 minNSI plants. Enhancements in nutritional quality through deficit irrigation at pre-harvest were measured by proline and total soluble sugar. In conclusion, it is better to grow Tuscan kale with a 5 minNSI for four weeks followed by one week with a 60 minNSI before harvest to reduce water usage, yield penalty and enhance nutritional quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie He
- Natural Sciences and Science Education Academic Group, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Nanyang Walk, Singapore 637616, Singapore
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +65-6790-3817; Fax: +65-6896-9414
| | - Crystalbelle Chang
- Natural Sciences and Science Education Academic Group, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Nanyang Walk, Singapore 637616, Singapore
| | - Lin Qin
- Natural Sciences and Science Education Academic Group, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Nanyang Walk, Singapore 637616, Singapore
| | - Cheng Hsiang Lai
- Meod Pte Ltd., 13 Neo Tiew Harvest Lane, Singapore 719838, Singapore
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Cipriano R, Martins JPR, Conde LT, da Silva MM, Silva DM, Gontijo ABPL, Falqueto AR. Anatomical and physiological responses of Aechmea blanchetiana (Bromeliaceae) induced by silicon and sodium chloride stress during in vitro culture. PeerJ 2023; 11:e14624. [PMID: 36647445 PMCID: PMC9840392 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Salt stress is one of the most severe abiotic stresses affecting plant growth and development. The application of silicon (Si) is an alternative that can increase the tolerance of plants to various types of biotic and abiotic stresses. The objective was to evaluate salt stress's effect in vitro and Si's mitigation potential on Aechmea blanchetiana plants. For this purpose, plants already established in vitro were transferred to a culture medium with 0 or 14 µM of Si (CaSiO3). After growth for 30 days, a stationary liquid medium containing different concentrations of NaCl (0, 100, 200, or 300 µM) was added to the flasks. Anatomical and physiological analyses were performed after growth for 45 days. The plants cultivated with excess NaCl presented reduced root diameter and effective photochemical quantum yield of photosystem II (PSII) (ΦPSII) and increased non-photochemical dissipation of fluorescence (qN). Plants that grew with the presence of Si also had greater content of photosynthetic pigments and activity of the enzymes of the antioxidant system, as well as higher values of maximum quantum yield of PSII (FV/FM), photochemical dissipation coefficient of fluorescence (qP) and fresh weight bioaccumulation of roots and shoots. The anatomical, physiological and biochemical responses, and growth induced by Si mitigated the effect of salt stress on the A. blanchetiana plants cultivated in vitro, which can be partly explained by the tolerance of this species to grow in sandbank (Restinga) areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosiane Cipriano
- Plant Ecophysiology Laboratory, Federal University of Espírito Santo, São Mateus, Espírito Santo, Brazil,Plant Tissue Culture Laboratory, Federal University of Espírito Santo, São Mateus, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | | | - Lorenzo Toscano Conde
- Plant Tissue Culture Laboratory, Federal University of Espírito Santo, São Mateus, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Mariela Mattos da Silva
- Center for the Study of Photosynthesis, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Diolina Moura Silva
- Center for the Study of Photosynthesis, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | | | - Antelmo Ralph Falqueto
- Plant Ecophysiology Laboratory, Federal University of Espírito Santo, São Mateus, Espírito Santo, Brazil
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Growth, Physiological, and Biochemical Responses of Ethiopian Red Pepper ( Capsicum annum L.) Cultivars to Drought Stress. ScientificWorldJournal 2023; 2023:4374318. [PMID: 36647396 PMCID: PMC9840558 DOI: 10.1155/2023/4374318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Red pepper (Capsicum annum L.) is an increasingly important economic crop in the world. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the growth, physiological, and biochemical responses of red pepper cultivars under drought stress conditions. A pot culture experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with three replications, four treatments, and three cultivars. Totally, 36 pots and six seeds per pot were used to grow the seeds. After five weeks, the cultivars were exposed to different drought stress conditions (100% FC or control, 80% FC or low stress, 60% FC or moderate stress, and 40% FC or severe stress). All the collected data were subjected to an analysis of variance (ANOVA). Shoot length was reduced significantly (p < 0.05) in the Hagerew cultivar under severe drought stress. The photosynthesis rate was reduced by 21.11% (p < 0.05) in the Mitmita cultivar under severe drought stress. The highest percentage reduction of chlorophyll content (77.28%) was recorded in the Hagerew cultivar. Both Markofana and Mitmita responded to drought stress by increasing the accumulation of proline and phenolic compounds. The root-to-shoot ratio was increased significantly in both Markofana and Mitmita cultivars (27.91% and 50.92%), respectively, under drought-stress conditions. This study depicted that the cultivar Mitmita was the most drought-tolerant cultivar among the three cultivars.
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Morais MC, Ferreira H, Cabral JA, Gonçalves B. Differential tolerance of the woody invasive Hakea sericea to drought and terminal heat stress. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 43:47-56. [PMID: 35961009 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpac099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Drought and extreme temperatures are likely to be more common and intense in the Mediterranean region as a consequence of climate change. Both stresses usually arise together in the field, but our understanding of their joint influence on the performance of invasive alien species (IAS) is limited. Thus, the main objective of the present study is to fill this gap by analyzing the individual and combined effects of drought and terminal heat stress on the leaf physiology, biochemistry and growth of Hakea sericea Schrader, one of the most problematic IAS in the Mediterranean-type ecosystems. In this study, 1-year-old plants of H. sericea were exposed to four treatments under controlled conditions: control (CT), drought (DS), terminal heat stress (Ht), and combined Ht and DS (DHt). The DS treatment alone caused a marked reduction in shoot biomass, net photosynthetic (A) rate and stomatal conductance, while increasing the proline content, as compared with CT plants. In turn, the Ht treatment promoted the accumulation of malondialdehyde but hastened the decline in all gas exchange parameters, and also decreased leaf photosynthetic pigments, carotenoids, proline and relative water contents Exposure of H. sericea plants to the combined DHt exacerbated the impacts of Ht, which was accompanied by significant decreases in net photosynthetic and transpiration rates, and intrinsic water-use efficiency. Principal component analysis clearly separated the DHt from the other treatments and revealed similarities between DS and CT treatment. These findings suggest that xerothermic weather conditions might modify the fitness, competitive ability, resilience and spread of this IAS, thereby providing opportunities for its control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria C Morais
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-food Production (Inov4Agro), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Helena Ferreira
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-food Production (Inov4Agro), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - João A Cabral
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-food Production (Inov4Agro), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Berta Gonçalves
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-food Production (Inov4Agro), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
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Pandey J, Devadasu E, Saini D, Dhokne K, Marriboina S, Raghavendra AS, Subramanyam R. Reversible changes in structure and function of photosynthetic apparatus of pea (Pisum sativum) leaves under drought stress. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 113:60-74. [PMID: 36377283 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The effects of drought on photosynthesis have been extensively studied, whereas those on thylakoid organization are limited. We observed a significant decline in gas exchange parameters of pea (Pisum sativum) leaves under progressive drought stress. Chl a fluorescence kinetics revealed the reduction of photochemical efficiency of photosystem (PS)II and PSI. The non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) and the levels of PSII subunit PSBS increased. Furthermore, the light-harvesting complexes (LHCs) and some of the PSI and PSII core proteins were disassembled in drought conditions, whereas these complexes were reassociated during recovery. By contrast, the abundance of supercomplexes of PSII-LHCII and PSII dimer were reduced, whereas LHCII monomers increased following the change in the macro-organization of thylakoids. The stacks of thylakoids were loosely arranged in drought-affected plants, which could be attributed to changes in the supercomplexes of thylakoids. Severe drought stress caused a reduction of both LHCI and LHCII and a few reaction center proteins of PSI and PSII, indicating significant disorganization of the photosynthetic machinery. After 7 days of rewatering, plants recovered well, with restored chloroplast thylakoid structure and photosynthetic efficiency. The correlation of structural changes with leaf reactive oxygen species levels indicated that these changes were associated with the production of reactive oxygen species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayendra Pandey
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046, India
| | - Elsinraju Devadasu
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046, India
| | - Deepak Saini
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046, India
| | - Kunal Dhokne
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046, India
| | - Sureshbabu Marriboina
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046, India
| | - Agepati S Raghavendra
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046, India
| | - Rajagopal Subramanyam
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046, India
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Saleem A, Roldán-Ruiz I, Aper J, Muylle H. Genetic control of tolerance to drought stress in soybean. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 22:615. [PMID: 36575367 PMCID: PMC9795773 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03996-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Drought stress limits the production of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.], which is the most grown high-value legume crop worldwide. Breeding for drought tolerance is a difficult endeavor and understanding the genetic basis of drought tolerance in soybean is therefore crucial for harnessing the genomic regions involved in the tolerance mechanisms. A genome-wide association study (GWAS) analysis was applied in a soybean germplasm collection (the EUCLEG collection) of 359 accessions relevant for breeding in Europe, to identify genomic regions and candidate genes involved in the response to short duration and long duration drought stress (SDS and LDS respectively) in soybean. RESULTS The phenotypic response to drought was stronger in the long duration drought (LDS) than in the short duration drought (SDS) experiment. Over the four traits considered (canopy wilting, leaf senescence, maximum absolute growth rate and maximum plant height) the variation was in the range of 8.4-25.2% in the SDS, and 14.7-29.7% in the LDS experiments. The GWAS analysis identified a total of 17 and 22 significant marker-trait associations for four traits in the SDS and LDS experiments, respectively. In the genomic regions delimited by these markers we identified a total of 12 and 16 genes with putative functions that are of particular relevance for drought stress responses including stomatal movement, root formation, photosynthesis, ABA signaling, cellular protection and cellular repair mechanisms. Some of these genomic regions co-localized with previously known QTLs for drought tolerance traits including water use efficiency, chlorophyll content and photosynthesis. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that the mechanism of slow wilting in the SDS might be associated with the characteristics of the root system, whereas in the LDS, slow wilting could be due to low stomatal conductance and transpiration rates enabling a high WUE. Drought-induced leaf senescence was found to be associated to ABA and ROS responses. The QTLs related to WUE contributed to growth rate and canopy height maintenance under drought stress. Co-localization of several previously known QTLs for multiple agronomic traits with the SNPs identified in this study, highlights the importance of the identified genomic regions for the improvement of agronomic performance in addition to drought tolerance in the EUCLEG collection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aamir Saleem
- Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Plant Sciences Unit, Caritasstraat 39, 9090, Melle, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 927, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Isabel Roldán-Ruiz
- Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Plant Sciences Unit, Caritasstraat 39, 9090, Melle, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 927, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jonas Aper
- Protealis, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Hilde Muylle
- Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Plant Sciences Unit, Caritasstraat 39, 9090, Melle, Belgium.
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Cahyo AN, Murti RH, Putra ETS, Oktavia F, Ismawanto S, Montoro P. Rubber Genotypes with Contrasting Drought Factor Index Revealed Different Mechanisms for Drought Resistance in Hevea brasiliensis. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:3563. [PMID: 36559675 PMCID: PMC9781094 DOI: 10.3390/plants11243563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
It is predicted that drought will be more frequent and sustained in the future, which may affect the decline of rubber tree production. Therefore, it is critical to research some of the variables related to the drought-resistance mechanism of the rubber tree. As a result, it can be used to guide the selection of new rubber drought-resistance clones. The goal of this study was to identify drought-resistance mechanisms in rubber clones from the high drought factor index (DFI) group using ecophysiological and biochemical variables. The treatments consist of two factors, namely water deficit and contrasting clones based on the DFI variable. The first factor consisted of three levels, namely normal (fraction of transpirable soil water (FTSW) > 0.75), severe water deficit (0.1 < FTSW < 0.20), and recovery condition (FTSW > 0.75 after rewatering). The second factor consisted of seven clones, namely clones G239, GT1 (low DFI), G127, SP 217, PB 260 (moderate DFI), as well as G206 and RRIM 600 (high DFI). RRIM 600 had the highest DFI among the other clones as a drought-tolerance mechanism characteristic. Furthermore, clones RRIM 600, GT1, and G127 had lower stomatal conductance and transpiration rate than drought-sensitive clone PB 260. As a result, as drought avoidance mechanisms, clones RRIM 600, GT1, and G127 consume less water than clone PB 260. These findings indicated that clone RRIM 600 was a drought-resistant clone with drought tolerance and avoidance mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andi Nur Cahyo
- Indonesian Rubber Research Institute, Sembawa, Banyuasin 30953, Indonesia
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
| | - Rudi Hari Murti
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
| | - Eka Tarwaca Susila Putra
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
| | - Fetrina Oktavia
- Indonesian Rubber Research Institute, Sembawa, Banyuasin 30953, Indonesia
| | - Sigit Ismawanto
- Indonesian Rubber Research Institute, Sembawa, Banyuasin 30953, Indonesia
| | - Pascal Montoro
- CIRAD, UMR AGAP Institut, F-34398 Montpellier, France
- CIRAD, INRAE, UMR AGAP Institut, Institut Agro, University Montpellier, F-34398 Montpellier, France
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Li Y, Li S, Feng Q, Zhang J, Han X, Zhang L, Yang F, Zhou J. Effects of exogenous Strigolactone on the physiological and ecological characteristics of Pennisetum purpureum Schum. Seedlings under drought stress. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 22:578. [PMID: 36510126 PMCID: PMC9743734 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03978-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Drought is one of the main environmental factors limiting plant growth and development. Pennisetum purpureum Schum. was used to explore the mitigation effects of exogenous strigolactone (SL) on drought stress during the seedling stage. The effects of different concentrations (1, 3, 5, and 7 μmol·L- 1) of SL on the photosynthesis characteristics, growth performance, and endogenous abscisic acid (ABA) of P. purpureum under drought stress were studied. RESULTS Exogenous SL could effectively alleviate the inhibitory effect of drought stress on P. purpureum growth. Compared with drought stress, the net photosynthesis rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, and water-use efficiency of the leaves of P. purpureum after SL treatment significantly increased, thereby exerting a significant mitigation effect on the decrease in photosystem II maximum photochemical efficiency and the performance index based on light absorption caused by drought. Moreover, the exogenous application of SL can effectively increase the fresh and dry weight of the leaves and roots and the main-root length. After applying SL for 120 h, the ABA content of P. purpureum decreased significantly. The activity of key enzymes of photosynthesis significantly increased after 48 h of external application of SL to P. purpureum. CONCLUSIONS SL treatment can improve the photosynthesis performance of P. purpureum leaves under drought conditions and increase the antioxidant capacity of the leaves, thereby reducing the adverse effects of drought, promoting the growth of P. purpureum, and effectively improving the drought resistance of P. purpureum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Juncao Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Sutao Li
- College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Juncao Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Qixian Feng
- College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Juan Zhang
- College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Xuelin Han
- College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Fulin Yang
- College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
| | - Jing Zhou
- National Engineering Research Center of Juncao Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
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Balfagón D, Zandalinas SI, dos Reis de Oliveira T, Santa‐Catarina C, Gómez‐Cadenas A. Reduction of heat stress pressure and activation of photosystem II repairing system are crucial for citrus tolerance to multiple abiotic stress combination. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2022; 174:e13809. [PMID: 36309819 PMCID: PMC9828536 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Drought, heat and high irradiance are abiotic stresses that negatively affect plant development and reduce crop productivity. The confluence of these three factors is common in nature, causing extreme situations for plants that compromise their viability. Drought and heat stresses increase the saturation of the photosystem reaction centers, increasing sensitivity to high irradiance. In addition, these stress conditions affect photosystem II (PSII) integrity, alter redox balance of the electron transport chain and decrease the photosynthetic rate. Here, we studied the effect of the stress combinations on the photosynthetic apparatus of two citrus genotypes, Carrizo citrange (Citrus sinensis × Poncirus trifoliata) and Cleopatra mandarin (Citrus reshni). Results obtained showed that physiological responses, such as modulation of stomatal aperture and transpiration rate, aimed to reduce leaf temperature, are key to diminishing heat impact on photosynthetic apparatus and increasing tolerance to double and triple combinations of drought, high irradiance and high temperatures. By using transcriptomic and proteomic analyses, we have demonstrated that under these abiotic stress combinations, Carrizo plants were able to increase expression of genes and proteins related to the photosystem repairing machinery (which better maintained the integrity of PSII) and other components of the photosynthetic apparatus. Our findings reveal crucial physiological and genetic responses in citrus to increase tolerance to the combination of multiple abiotic stresses that could be the basis for breeding programs that ensure a sustainable citrus production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damián Balfagón
- Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Ciencias NaturalesUniversitat Jaume ICastelló de la PlanaSpain
| | - Sara I. Zandalinas
- Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Ciencias NaturalesUniversitat Jaume ICastelló de la PlanaSpain
| | - Tadeu dos Reis de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Tecidual (LBCT)Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia (CBB), Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro (UENF)Campos Dos GoytacazesBrazil
| | - Claudete Santa‐Catarina
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Tecidual (LBCT)Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia (CBB), Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro (UENF)Campos Dos GoytacazesBrazil
| | - Aurelio Gómez‐Cadenas
- Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Ciencias NaturalesUniversitat Jaume ICastelló de la PlanaSpain
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Gholami R, Fahadi Hoveizeh N, Zahedi SM, Gholami H, Carillo P. Effect of three water-regimes on morpho-physiological, biochemical and yield responses of local and foreign olive cultivars under field conditions. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 22:477. [PMID: 36203130 PMCID: PMC9540738 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03855-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Drought stress is among the most serious threats jeopardizing the economic yield of crop plants in Iran. In particular, in response to withholding irrigation, the reduction in performance and quality of a precious plant such as the olive tree is remarkable. Therefore, the selection of cultivars that are resistant or tolerant to drought has been recognized as one of the most effective long-term strategies for sustainably alleviating the adverse effects of this stress. In this view, our study evaluated the response of 8 olive cultivars including 4 elite native cultivars (Zard Aliabad, Roughani, Dezful, and Shengeh) and 4 foreign cultivars (Manzanilla, Sevillana, Konservolia, and Mission) to water shortage in the Dallaho Olive Research station of Sarpole-Zahab in Kermanshah province in 2020. Olive trees underwent 3 levels of irrigation treatment including 100% full irrigation (control), 75%, and 50% deficit irrigation. RESULTS Based on the results, 50% deficit irrigation decreased both growth and pomological traits, but determined the highest dry matter percentage. As the severity of drought stress increased, with an accumulation of sodium and malondialdehyde, an incremental increase in osmolytes was observed, as well as an enhancement of the activity of antioxidant enzymes (peroxidase and catalase). In contrast, full irrigation led to an increase in photosynthetic pigments, calcium, and potassium. Dezful and Konservolia cultivars revealed a significantly higher growth rate, correlated in the former to higher levels of chlorophyll, compatible compounds, total phenolic content, relative water content, potassium to sodium ratio, catalase, and peroxidase activities compared with other cultivars. Konservolia showed the best yield parameters under 75% and 100% irrigation regimes, correlated to higher chlorophyll, potassium, and total phenolic content (in particular at 75% ET). CONCLUSIONS Generally, the selection of more resilient or tolerant cultivars to sustain water scarcity stress is a widely operative solution to extend rainfed orchards in semi-arid environments. Our study showed that Dezful and Konservolia had the best adaptive mechanisms to cope with the detrimental effects of drought stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahmatollah Gholami
- Crop and Horticultural Science Research Department, Kermanshah Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Kermanshah, Iran.
| | - Narjes Fahadi Hoveizeh
- Department of Horticultural Science, College of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University of Ahwaz, Ahwaz, Iran
| | - Seyed Morteza Zahedi
- Department of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Maragheh, Maragheh, Iran
| | - Hojattollah Gholami
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kurdistan, Kurdistan, Iran
| | - Petronia Carillo
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Caserta, Italy.
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Mangena P. Evolving role of synthetic cytokinin 6-benzyl adenine for drought stress tolerance in soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.). FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2022.992581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The enhanced growth and productivity of soybeans during the past decades were possible due to the application of agrichemicals such as bio-fertilizers, chemical fertilizers, and the use of high yielding, as well as disease resistant transgenic and non-transgenic varieties. Agrichemicals applied as seed primers, plant protectants, and growth regulators, however, had a diminutive significance on growth and productivity improvements across the globe. The utilization of plant growth regulators (PGRs) for vegetative growth, reproduction and yield quality improvements remains unexplored, particularly, the use of cytokinins such as 6-benzyl adenine (6-BAP) to improve soybean response to abiotic stresses. Therefore, an understanding of the role of 6-BAP in the mediation of an array of adaptive responses that provide plants with the ability to withstand abiotic stresses must be thoroughly investigated. Such mitigative effects will play a critical role in encouraging exogenous application of plant hormones like 6-BAP as a mechanism for overcoming drought stress related effects in soybean. This paper discusses the evolving role of synthetic cytokinin 6-bezyl adenine in horticulture, especially the implications of its exogenous applications in soybean to confer tolerance to drought stress.
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40
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Ha CV, Mostofa MG, Nguyen KH, Tran CD, Watanabe Y, Li W, Osakabe Y, Sato M, Toyooka K, Tanaka M, Seki M, Burritt DJ, Anderson CM, Zhang R, Nguyen HM, Le VP, Bui HT, Mochida K, Tran LSP. The histidine phosphotransfer AHP4 plays a negative role in Arabidopsis plant response to drought. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 111:1732-1752. [PMID: 35883014 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Cytokinin plays an important role in plant stress responses via a multistep signaling pathway, involving the histidine phosphotransfer proteins (HPs). In Arabidopsis thaliana, the AHP2, AHP3 and AHP5 proteins are known to affect drought responses; however, the role of AHP4 in drought adaptation remains undetermined. In the present study, using a loss-of-function approach we showed that AHP4 possesses an important role in the response of Arabidopsis to drought. This is evidenced by the higher survival rates of ahp4 than wild-type (WT) plants under drought conditions, which is accompanied by the downregulated AHP4 expression in WT during periods of dehydration. Comparative transcriptome analysis of ahp4 and WT plants revealed AHP4-mediated expression of several dehydration- and/or abscisic acid-responsive genes involved in modulation of various physiological and biochemical processes important for plant drought acclimation. In comparison with WT, ahp4 plants showed increased wax crystal accumulation in stems, thicker cuticles in leaves, greater sensitivity to exogenous abscisic acid at germination, narrow stomatal apertures, heightened leaf temperatures during dehydration, and longer root length under osmotic stress. In addition, ahp4 plants showed greater photosynthetic efficiency, lower levels of reactive oxygen species, reduced electrolyte leakage and lipid peroxidation, and increased anthocyanin contents under drought, when compared with WT. These differences displayed in ahp4 plants are likely due to upregulation of genes that encode enzymes involved in reactive oxygen species scavenging and non-enzymatic antioxidant metabolism. Overall, our findings suggest that AHP4 plays a crucial role in plant drought adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien Van Ha
- Stress Adaptation Research Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, 975 N Warson Rd, Saint Louis, Missouri, 63132, USA
- Institute of Genomics for Crop Abiotic Stress Tolerance, Department of Plant and Soil Science, Texas Tech University, 2500 Broadway, Lubbock, Texas, 79409, USA
| | - Mohammad Golam Mostofa
- Stress Adaptation Research Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
- Institute of Genomics for Crop Abiotic Stress Tolerance, Department of Plant and Soil Science, Texas Tech University, 2500 Broadway, Lubbock, Texas, 79409, USA
| | - Kien Huu Nguyen
- Stress Adaptation Research Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
- Agricultural Genetics Institute, Vietnam Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hanoi, 100000, Vietnam
| | - Cuong Duy Tran
- Stress Adaptation Research Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
- Agricultural Genetics Institute, Vietnam Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hanoi, 100000, Vietnam
| | - Yasuko Watanabe
- Stress Adaptation Research Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Weiqiang Li
- Stress Adaptation Research Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
- Jilin Da'an Agro-ecosystem National Observation Research Station, Changchun Jingyuetan Remote Sensing Experiment Station, Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130102, China
- Institute of Plant Stress Biology, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Department of Biology, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng, 475001, China
| | - Yuriko Osakabe
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, J2-12, 4259 Nagatsuda-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 226-8502, Japan
| | - Mayuko Sato
- Mass Spectrometry and Microscopy Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Kiminori Toyooka
- Mass Spectrometry and Microscopy Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Maho Tanaka
- Plant Genomic Network Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
- Plant Epigenome Regulation Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Motoaki Seki
- Plant Genomic Network Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
- Plant Epigenome Regulation Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
- Kihara Institute for Biological Research, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 244-0813, Japan
| | - David J Burritt
- Department of Botany, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | | | - Ru Zhang
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, 975 N Warson Rd, Saint Louis, Missouri, 63132, USA
| | - Huong Mai Nguyen
- Institute of Genomics for Crop Abiotic Stress Tolerance, Department of Plant and Soil Science, Texas Tech University, 2500 Broadway, Lubbock, Texas, 79409, USA
| | - Vy Phuong Le
- Institute of Genomics for Crop Abiotic Stress Tolerance, Department of Plant and Soil Science, Texas Tech University, 2500 Broadway, Lubbock, Texas, 79409, USA
| | - Hien Thuy Bui
- Division of Plant Science and Technology, Christopher S. Bond Life Science Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, 65211, USA
| | - Keiichi Mochida
- Kihara Institute for Biological Research, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 244-0813, Japan
- Bioproductivity Informatics Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
- Microalgae Production Control Technology Laboratory, RIKEN Baton Zone Program, RIKEN Cluster for Science, Technology and Innovation Hub, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
- School of Information and Data Science, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki, 852-8521, Japan
| | - Lam-Son Phan Tran
- Stress Adaptation Research Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
- Institute of Genomics for Crop Abiotic Stress Tolerance, Department of Plant and Soil Science, Texas Tech University, 2500 Broadway, Lubbock, Texas, 79409, USA
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Photosynthetic Variability of Oblačinska Sour Cherry Ecotypes under Drought. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11131764. [PMID: 35807716 PMCID: PMC9268958 DOI: 10.3390/plants11131764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The selection of drought-tolerant sour cherry genotypes is essential for developing sustainable fruit production in today’s climate-change conditions. The phenotypic heterogenic population of sour cherry Oblačinska, with high and regular yield suitable for mechanical harvesting and industrial processing, is a traditional and predominant cultivar in northern Croatia (Pannonian region) and Serbia commercial orchards. In this context, 2-year old virus-free sour cherry plants of 4 isolated Oblačinska sour cherry ecotypes (OS, 18, D6, and BOR) produced by micropropagation were exposed to severe drought in a greenhouse under semi-controlled conditions to evaluate its photosynthetic intra-varietal variability. Relative water content (RWC), chlorophyll fluorescence (ChlF), and photosynthetic pigments were evaluated during the ten days of the experiment. As a visible symptom of stress, the withering of plants was followed by a diminution of RWC and photosynthetic pigments in the drought exposed leaves of sour cherry ecotypes compared to the control treatment. ChlF elucidated variability in the photosynthetic efficiency within studied sour cherry ecotypes, highlighting PIABS, PItotal, and ψE0 as the most sensitive and thus the most informative JIP parameters for drought screening. Among the investigated ecotypes, BOR proved to be the most sensitive. The Oblačinska sour cherry ecotype OS showed the highest tolerance to drought conditions and, therefore, can be used as a source of tolerance in sour cherry breeding programs.
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Foliar Spraying with Potassium Bicarbonate Reduces the Negative Impact of Drought Stress on Sweet Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.). PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11131716. [PMID: 35807668 PMCID: PMC9268819 DOI: 10.3390/plants11131716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, special attention has been paid to climate change assessment and research into our changing environment. The greatest economic losses worldwide are due to the negative effects of drought stress and extreme temperature on the plants’ morphological, physiological, and biochemical properties which limit crop growth and productivity. Sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) is one of the most popular plants widely grown around the world as a spice, as well a medicinal, aromatic plant. The seedlings with 5–6 true leaves were divided into two groups, and one group of seedlings was sprayed with 10 mM potassium bicarbonate (KHCO3). Three days after potassium bicarbonate treatment, half of the plants from each group were subjected to a water deficit (drought stress), and the other half were grown under stress-free conditions (well-watered). The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of potassium bicarbonate (KHCO3) on morphophysiological parameters, phenolics content and the antioxidant activity of basil under drought conditions. The application of potassium bicarbonate to drought stressed plants significantly increased the chlorophyll content, fresh and dry weight, phenolics content in the two of tested cultivars, and antioxidant activity, determined by DPPH and ABTS methods. Principal component analysis showed that the first factor was highly and positively related to all the investigated parameters. Hierarchical clustering analysis showed that the first cluster was formed by being well-watered, well-watered and sprayed with potassium bicarbonate, and grown under drought conditions and sprayed with potassium bicarbonate basil cultivars, while the second cluster was formed by all the tested cultivars grown under drought conditions.
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Wahab A, Abdi G, Saleem MH, Ali B, Ullah S, Shah W, Mumtaz S, Yasin G, Muresan CC, Marc RA. Plants' Physio-Biochemical and Phyto-Hormonal Responses to Alleviate the Adverse Effects of Drought Stress: A Comprehensive Review. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:1620. [PMID: 35807572 PMCID: PMC9269229 DOI: 10.3390/plants11131620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Water, a necessary component of cell protoplasm, plays an essential role in supporting life on Earth; nevertheless, extreme changes in climatic conditions limit water availability, causing numerous issues, such as the current water-scarce regimes in many regions of the biome. This review aims to collect data from various published studies in the literature to understand and critically analyze plants' morphological, growth, yield, and physio-biochemical responses to drought stress and their potential to modulate and nullify the damaging effects of drought stress via activating natural physiological and biochemical mechanisms. In addition, the review described current breakthroughs in understanding how plant hormones influence drought stress responses and phytohormonal interaction through signaling under water stress regimes. The information for this review was systematically gathered from different global search engines and the scientific literature databases Science Direct, including Google Scholar, Web of Science, related studies, published books, and articles. Drought stress is a significant obstacle to meeting food demand for the world's constantly growing population. Plants cope with stress regimes through changes to cellular osmotic potential, water potential, and activation of natural defense systems in the form of antioxidant enzymes and accumulation of osmolytes including proteins, proline, glycine betaine, phenolic compounds, and soluble sugars. Phytohormones modulate developmental processes and signaling networks, which aid in acclimating plants to biotic and abiotic challenges and, consequently, their survival. Significant progress has been made for jasmonates, salicylic acid, and ethylene in identifying important components and understanding their roles in plant responses to abiotic stress. Other plant hormones, such as abscisic acid, auxin, gibberellic acid, brassinosteroids, and peptide hormones, have been linked to plant defense signaling pathways in various ways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Wahab
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China;
| | - Gholamreza Abdi
- Department of Biotechnology, Persian Gulf Research Institute, Persian Gulf University, Bushehr 75169, Iran;
| | - Muhammad Hamzah Saleem
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Baber Ali
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan;
| | - Saqib Ullah
- Department of Botany, Islamia College, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan;
| | - Wadood Shah
- Department of Botany, University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan;
| | - Sahar Mumtaz
- Department of Botany, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education, Lahore 54770, Pakistan;
| | - Ghulam Yasin
- Department of Botany, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan;
| | - Crina Carmen Muresan
- Food Engineering Department, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Science and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, 3-5 Calea Mănăştur Street, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Romina Alina Marc
- Food Engineering Department, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Science and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, 3-5 Calea Mănăştur Street, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
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Bednarz VN, Choyke S, Marangoni LFB, Otto EI, Béraud E, Metian M, Tolosa I, Ferrier-Pagès C. Acute exposure to perfluorooctane sulfonate exacerbates heat-induced oxidative stress in a tropical coral species. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 302:119054. [PMID: 35219792 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) is among the most commonly per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) found in environmental samples. Nevertheless, the effect of this legacy persistent organic contaminant has never been investigated on corals to date. Corals are the keystone organisms of coral reef ecosystems and sensitive to rising ocean temperatures, but it is not understood how the combination of elevated temperature and PFOS exposure will affect them. Therefore, the aims of the present study were (1) to evaluate the time-dependent bioconcentration and depuration of PFOS in the scleractinian coral Stylophora pistillata using a range of PFOS exposure concentrations, and (2) to assess the individual and combined effects of PFOS exposure and elevated seawater temperature on key physiological parameters of the corals. Our results show that the coral S. pistillata rapidly bioconcentrates PFOS from the seawater and eliminates it 14 days after ceasing the exposure. We also observed an antagonistic effect between elevated temperature and PFOS exposure. Indeed, a significantly reduced PFOS bioconcentration was observed at high temperature, likely due to a loss of symbionts and a higher removal of mucus compared to ambient temperature. Finally, concentrations of PFOS consistent with ranges observed in surface waters were non-lethal to corals, in the absence of other stressors. However, PFOS increased lipid peroxidation in coral tissue, which is an indicator of oxidative stress and enhanced the thermal stress-induced impairment of coral physiology. This study provides valuable insights into the combined effects of PFOS exposure and ocean warming for coral's physiology. PFOS is usually the most prevalent but not the only PFAS defected in reef waters, and thus it will be also important to monitor PFAS mixture concentrations in the oceans and to study their combined effects on aquatic wildlife.
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Affiliation(s)
- V N Bednarz
- Centre Scientifique de Monaco, Marine Biology Department, 8 Quai Antoine 1er, MC-98000, Monaco, Monaco.
| | - S Choyke
- International Atomic Energy Agency, Environment Laboratories, 4a Quai Antoine 1er, MC-98000, Monaco, Monaco
| | - L F B Marangoni
- Centre Scientifique de Monaco, Marine Biology Department, 8 Quai Antoine 1er, MC-98000, Monaco, Monaco; Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Smithsonian Institution, Ciudad de Panama, 0843-03092, Panama
| | - E I Otto
- Palau International Coral Reef Center, 1 M-Dock Road, P.O. Box 7086, Koror, 96940, Palau
| | - E Béraud
- Centre Scientifique de Monaco, Marine Biology Department, 8 Quai Antoine 1er, MC-98000, Monaco, Monaco
| | - M Metian
- International Atomic Energy Agency, Environment Laboratories, 4a Quai Antoine 1er, MC-98000, Monaco, Monaco
| | - I Tolosa
- International Atomic Energy Agency, Environment Laboratories, 4a Quai Antoine 1er, MC-98000, Monaco, Monaco
| | - C Ferrier-Pagès
- Centre Scientifique de Monaco, Marine Biology Department, 8 Quai Antoine 1er, MC-98000, Monaco, Monaco
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Batcho AA, Nwogwugwu JO, Ali M, Jabbar B, Javaid A, Fellner M. Identification and characterisation of blue light photoreceptor gene family and their expression in tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum) under cold stress. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2022; 49:647-658. [PMID: 35437142 DOI: 10.1071/fp21297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The Arabidopsis thaliana L. photoreceptor genes homologues in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) genome were analysed using bioinformatic tools. The expression pattern of these genes under cold stress was also evaluated. Transcriptome analysis of the tomato sequence revealed that the photoreceptor gene family is involved in abiotic stress tolerance. They participate in various pathways and controlling multiple metabolic processes. They are structurally related to PAS, LIGHT-OXYGEN-VOLTAGE-SENSING (LOV), DNA photolyase, 5,10-methenyl tetrahydrofolate (MTHF), flavin-binding kelch F-box, GAF, PHY, Seven-bladed β-propeller and C27 domains. They also interact with flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD), (5S)-5-methyl-2-(methylsulfanyl)-5-phenyl-3-(phenylamino)-3,5-dihydro-4H-imidazol-4-one (FNM) and Phytochromobilin (PϕB) ligands. These interactions help to create a cascade of protein phosphorylation involving in cell defence transcription or stress-regulated genes. They localisation of these gene families on tomato chromosomes appeared to be uneven. Phylogenetic tree of tomato and Arabidopsis photoreceptor gene family were classified into eight subgroups, indicating gene expression diversity. Morphological and physiological assessment revealed no dead plant after 4h of cold treatment. All the plants were found to be alive, but there were some variations in the data across different parameters. Cold stress significantly reduced the rate of photosynthesis from 10.06 to 3.16μmolm-2 s-1 , transpiration from 4.6 to 1.3mmolm-2 s-1 , and stomatal conductance from 94.6 to 25.6mmolm-2 s-1 . The cold stressed plants also had reduced height, root/shoot length, and fresh/dry biomass weight than the control plants. Relative expression analysis under cold stress revealed that after 4h, light stimulates the transcript level of Cry2 from 1.9 to 5.7 and PhyB from 0.98 to 6.9 compared to other photoreceptor genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agossa Anicet Batcho
- National University of Sciences, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (ENS-UNSTIM), Natitingou, Republic of Benin; and Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Palacký University, Šlechtitelu 27, Olomouc-Holice 783 71, Czech Republic
| | - Joy Oluchi Nwogwugwu
- Department of Forest Conservation and Protection, Forestry Research Institute of Nigeria, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Mohsin Ali
- Independent Researcher, House No. 280 A/1 Sector F1 Mirpur 10250, AJK, Pakistan
| | - Basit Jabbar
- Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ayesha Javaid
- Independent Researcher, Askari 13, Rawalpandi 46604, Pakistan
| | - Martin Fellner
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Palacký University, Šlechtitelu 27, Olomouc-Holice 783 71, Czech Republic
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El-Yazied AA, Ibrahim MFM, Ibrahim MAR, Nasef IN, Al-Qahtani SM, Al-Harbi NA, Alzuaibr FM, Alaklabi A, Dessoky ES, Alabdallah NM, Omar MMA, Ibrahim MTS, Metwally AA, Hassan KM, Shehata SA. Melatonin Mitigates Drought Induced Oxidative Stress in Potato Plants through Modulation of Osmolytes, Sugar Metabolism, ABA Homeostasis and Antioxidant Enzymes. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:1151. [PMID: 35567152 PMCID: PMC9104148 DOI: 10.3390/plants11091151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The effect of melatonin (MT) on potato plants under drought stress is still unclear in the available literature. Here, we studied the effect of MT as a foliar application at 0, 0.05, 0.1, and 0.2 mM on potato plants grown under well-watered and drought stressed conditions during the most critical period of early tuberization stage. The results indicated that under drought stress conditions, exogenous MT significantly (p ≤ 0.05) improved shoot fresh weight, shoot dry weight, chlorophyll (Chl; a, b and a + b), leaf relative water content (RWC), free amino acids (FAA), non-reducing sugars, total soluble sugars, cell membrane stability index, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), guaiacol peroxidase (G-POX), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) compared to the untreated plants. Meanwhile, carotenoids, proline, methylglyoxal (MG), H2O2, lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde; MDA) and abscisic acid (ABA) were significantly decreased compared to the untreated plants. These responses may reveal the protective role of MT against drought induced carbonyl/oxidative stress and enhancing the antioxidative defense systems. Furthermore, tuber yield was differentially responded to MT treatments under well-watered and drought stressed conditions. Since, applied-MT led to an obvious decrease in tuber yield under well-watered conditions. In contrast, under drought conditions, tuber yield was substantially increased by MT-treatments up to 0.1 mM. These results may imply that under water deficiency, MT can regulate the tuberization process in potato plants by hindering ABA transport from the root to shoot system, on the one hand, and by increasing the non-reducing sugars on the other hand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Abou El-Yazied
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt; (A.A.E.-Y.); (A.A.M.); (K.M.H.)
| | - Mohamed F. M. Ibrahim
- Department of Agricultural Botany, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt;
| | - Mervat A. R. Ibrahim
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt; (M.A.R.I.); (M.M.A.O.); (M.T.S.I.)
| | - Ibrahim N. Nasef
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt;
| | - Salem Mesfir Al-Qahtani
- Biology Department, University College of Tayma, Tabuk University, P.O. Box 741, Tabuk 47512, Saudi Arabia; (S.M.A.-Q.); (N.A.A.-H.)
| | - Nadi Awad Al-Harbi
- Biology Department, University College of Tayma, Tabuk University, P.O. Box 741, Tabuk 47512, Saudi Arabia; (S.M.A.-Q.); (N.A.A.-H.)
| | - Fahad Mohammed Alzuaibr
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, P.O. Box 741, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Abdullah Alaklabi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Bisha, P.O. Box 551, Bisha 61922, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Eldessoky S. Dessoky
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Nadiyah M. Alabdallah
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohamed M. A. Omar
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt; (M.A.R.I.); (M.M.A.O.); (M.T.S.I.)
| | - Mariam T. S. Ibrahim
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt; (M.A.R.I.); (M.M.A.O.); (M.T.S.I.)
| | - Amr A. Metwally
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt; (A.A.E.-Y.); (A.A.M.); (K.M.H.)
| | - Karim. M. Hassan
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt; (A.A.E.-Y.); (A.A.M.); (K.M.H.)
| | - Said A. Shehata
- Department of Agricultural Botany, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt;
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Supriya L, Durgeshwar P, Muthamilarasan M, Padmaja G. Melatonin Mediated Differential Regulation of Drought Tolerance in Sensitive and Tolerant Varieties of Upland Cotton ( Gossypium hirsutum L.). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:821353. [PMID: 35444676 PMCID: PMC9014207 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.821353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine), a biomolecule with multifunctional phyto-protectant activities, enhances the tolerance to broad-spectrum biotic and abiotic stresses in plants. However, little information is available on the effect of melatonin on different morpho-physiological, biochemical, and molecular parameters during drought stress incidence in varieties contrastingly differing in their tolerance levels. The present study is aimed at investigating the drought stress responses of drought-sensitive (var. L-799) and drought-tolerant (var. Suraj) varieties after exogenous melatonin priming and gaining mechanistic insights into drought tolerance in upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum). Melatonin-priming enhanced the tolerance of L-799 to drought stress by modulating the antioxidant system, with increased photosynthetic activity, water-use efficiency, and nitrogen metabolism. Higher endogenous melatonin content and upregulated expression of candidate stress-responsive genes in primed L-799 suggested their involvement in drought tolerance. The higher expression of autophagosome marker [lipidated (ATG8-PE)] in melatonin-primed drought-stressed plants of L-799 also indicated the role of autophagy in alleviating drought stress. Interestingly, melatonin-priming did not show pronounced differences in the different parameters studied during the presence or absence of drought stress in Suraj. In conclusion, this study showed that melatonin plays an important role in mitigating drought stress effects by modulating several physiological, biochemical, and molecular processes, with the key regulatory factor being the plant tolerance level that serves as the switch that turns the priming effects on/off.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Gudipalli Padmaja
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
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48
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Characterization of the Gene Expression Profile Response to Drought Stress in Populus ussuriensis Using PacBio SMRT and Illumina Sequencing. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073840. [PMID: 35409200 PMCID: PMC8998571 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we characterized the gene expression profile in the roots of Populus ussuriensis at 0, 6, 12, 24, 48 and 120 h after the start of polyethylene glycol (PEG)-induced drought stress using PacBio single-molecule real-time sequencing (SMRT-seq) and Illumina RNA sequencing. Compared to the control, 2244 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, and many of these DEGs were associated with the signal transduction, antioxidant system, ion accumulation and drought-inducing proteins. Changes in certain physiological and biochemical indexes, such as antioxidant activity and the contents of Ca2+, proline, and total soluble sugars, were further confirmed in P. ussuriensis roots. Furthermore, most of the differentially expressed transcription factors were members of the AP2/ERF, C2H2, MYB, NAC, C2C2 and WRKY families. Additionally, based on PacBio SMRT-seq results, 5955 long non-coding RNAs and 700 alternative splicing events were identified. Our results provide a global view of the gene expression profile that contributes to drought resistance in P. ussuriensis and meaningful information for genetic engineering research in the future.
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Saleem A, Aper J, Muylle H, Borra-Serrano I, Quataert P, Lootens P, De Swaef T, Roldán-Ruiz I. Response of a Diverse European Soybean Collection to "Short Duration" and "Long Duration" Drought Stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:818766. [PMID: 35251088 PMCID: PMC8891225 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.818766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Drought causes significant damage to a high value crop of soybean. Europe has an increasing demand for soybean and its own production is insufficient. Selection and breeding of cultivars adapted to European growth conditions is therefore urgently needed. These new cultivars must have a shorter growing cycle (specifically for adaptation to North-West Europe), high yield potential under European growing conditions, and sufficient drought resistance. We have evaluated the performance of a diverse collection of 359 soybean accessions under drought stress using rain-out shelters for 2 years. The contrasting weather conditions between years and correspondingly the varying plant responses demonstrated that the consequences of drought for an individual accession can vary strongly depending on the characteristics (e.g., duration and intensity) of the drought period. Short duration drought stress, for a period of four to 7 weeks, caused an average reduction of 11% in maximum canopy height (CH), a reduction of 17% in seed number per plant (SN) and a reduction of 16% in seed weight per plant (SW). Long duration drought stress caused an average reduction of 29% in CH, a reduction of 38% in SN and a reduction of 43% in SW. Drought accelerated plant development and caused an earlier cessation of flowering and pod formation. This seemed to help some accessions to better protect the seed yield, under short duration drought stress. Drought resistance for yield-related traits was associated with the maintenance of growth under long duration drought stress. The collection displayed a broad range of variation for canopy wilting and leaf senescence but a very narrow range of variation for crop water stress index (CWSI; derived from canopy temperature data). To the best of our knowledge this is the first study reporting a detailed investigation of the response to drought within a diverse soybean collection relevant for breeding in Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aamir Saleem
- Plant Sciences Unit, Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Merelbeke, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jonas Aper
- Plant Sciences Unit, Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Hilde Muylle
- Plant Sciences Unit, Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Irene Borra-Serrano
- Plant Sciences Unit, Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Paul Quataert
- Plant Sciences Unit, Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Peter Lootens
- Plant Sciences Unit, Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Tom De Swaef
- Plant Sciences Unit, Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Isabel Roldán-Ruiz
- Plant Sciences Unit, Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Merelbeke, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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Fertigation with Zn-Lysine Confers Better Photosynthetic Efficiency and Yield in Water Stressed Maize: Water Relations, Antioxidative Defense Mechanism and Nutrient Acquisition. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11030404. [PMID: 35161385 PMCID: PMC8838349 DOI: 10.3390/plants11030404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Different strategies including the exogenous use of micronutrient-chelated amino acids are being employed for better crop yield with limited fresh water for irrigation. The present study was conducted to assess the effects of foliar-applied Zn-lysine (Zn-Lys) on maize growth and yield under limited irrigation, in relation to physio-biochemical mechanisms such as the plant–water relations, photosynthetic efficiency, antioxidant defense mechanism, amino acid accumulation and nutrient acquisition. The experiment comprised two maize cultivars (MMRI and Pearl), two irrigation levels and three levels of Zn-Lys (0.25, 0.5 and 0.75%). Zn-Lys fertigation was found to be effective in reducing the negative impacts of limited water supply on grain yield, associated with improved photosynthetic efficiency, water relations, antioxidative defense mechanism and reduced lipid peroxidation in both maize cultivars. Zn-Lys-induced improvement in antioxidative mechanisms was associated with improved content of non-enzymatic antioxidants and activities of antioxidant enzymes. Foliar-fertigation with Zn-Lys also significantly improved the contents of various amino acids including Lys, as well as uptake of nutrients in both maize cultivars. In conclusion, the 0.5% level of Zn-Lys was found to be effective in ameliorating the negative impacts of water stress for better grain yield in both maize cultivars that can also be used as an important environment-friendly source of Zn to fulfill maize Zn deficiency.
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