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Tong YX, Zhu SY, Wang ZY, Zhao YX, Saleem MAU, Malh KK, Li XN, Li JL. Sulforaphane Ameliorate Cadmium-Induced Blood-Thymus Barrier Disruption by Targeting the PI3K/AKT/FOXO1 Axis. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:13382-13392. [PMID: 38814005 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c01703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a transition metal ion that is extremely harmful to human and animal biological systems. Cd is a toxic substance that can accumulate in the food chain and cause various health issues. Sulforaphane (SFN) is a natural bioactive compound with potent antioxidant properties. In our study, 80 1 day-old chicks were fed with Cd (140 mg/kg BW/day) and/or SFN (50 mg/kg BW/day) for 90 days. The blood-thymus barrier (BTB) is a selective barrier separating T-lymphocytes from blood and cortical capillaries in the thymus cortex. Our research revealed that Cd could destroy the BTB by downregulating Wnt/β-catenin signaling and induce immunodeficiency, leading to irreversible injury to the immune system. The study emphasizes the health benefits of SFN in the thymus. SFN could ameliorate Cd-triggered BTB dysfunction and pyroptosis in the thymus tissues. SFN modulated the PI3K/AKT/FOXO1 axis, improving the level of claudin-5 (CLDN5) in the thymus to alleviate BTB breakdown. Our findings indicated the toxic impact of Cd on thymus, and BTB could be the specific target of Cd toxicity. The finding also provides evidence for the role of SFN in maintaining thymic homeostasis for Cd-related health issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Xuan Tong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P.R. China
| | - Shi-Yong Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Zhao-Yi Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P.R. China
| | - Ying-Xin Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P.R. China
| | | | - Kanwar Kumar Malh
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P.R. China
| | - Xue-Nan Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P.R. China
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P.R. China
| | - Jin-Long Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P.R. China
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P.R. China
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Wang X, Wen X, Yuan S, Zhang J. Gut-brain axis in the pathogenesis of sepsis-associated encephalopathy. Neurobiol Dis 2024; 195:106499. [PMID: 38588753 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2024.106499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The gut-brain axis is a bidirectional communication network linking the gut and the brain, overseeing digestive functions, emotional responses, body immunity, brain development, and overall health. Substantial research highlights a connection between disruptions of the gut-brain axis and various psychiatric and neurological conditions, including depression and Alzheimer's disease. Given the impact of the gut-brain axis on behavior, cognition, and brain diseases, some studies have started to pay attention to the role of the axis in sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE), where cognitive impairment is the primary manifestation. SAE emerges as the primary and earliest form of organ dysfunction following sepsis, potentially leading to acute cognitive impairment and long-term cognitive decline in patients. Notably, the neuronal damage in SAE does not stem directly from the central nervous system (CNS) infection but rather from an infection occurring outside the brain. The gut-brain axis is posited as a pivotal factor in this process. This review will delve into the gut-brain axis, exploring four crucial pathways through which inflammatory signals are transmitted and elevate the incidence of SAE. These pathways encompass the vagus nerve pathway, the neuroendocrine pathway involving the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and serotonin (5-HT) regulation, the neuroimmune pathway, and the microbial regulation. These pathways can operate independently or collaboratively on the CNS to modulate brain activity. Understanding how the gut affects and regulates the CNS could offer the potential to identify novel targets for preventing and treating this condition, ultimately enhancing the prognosis for individuals with SAE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, PR China; Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, PR China
| | - Xiaoyue Wen
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, PR China; Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, PR China
| | - Shiying Yuan
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, PR China; Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, PR China.
| | - Jiancheng Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, PR China; Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, PR China.
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Bettinetti-Luque M, Trujillo-Estrada L, Garcia-Fuentes E, Andreo-Lopez J, Sanchez-Varo R, Garrido-Sánchez L, Gómez-Mediavilla Á, López MG, Garcia-Caballero M, Gutierrez A, Baglietto-Vargas D. Adipose tissue as a therapeutic target for vascular damage in Alzheimer's disease. Br J Pharmacol 2024; 181:840-878. [PMID: 37706346 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue has recently been recognized as an important endocrine organ that plays a crucial role in energy metabolism and in the immune response in many metabolic tissues. With this regard, emerging evidence indicates that an important crosstalk exists between the adipose tissue and the brain. However, the contribution of adipose tissue to the development of age-related diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, remains poorly defined. New studies suggest that the adipose tissue modulates brain function through a range of endogenous biologically active factors known as adipokines, which can cross the blood-brain barrier to reach the target areas in the brain or to regulate the function of the blood-brain barrier. In this review, we discuss the effects of several adipokines on the physiology of the blood-brain barrier, their contribution to the development of Alzheimer's disease and their therapeutic potential. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed issue From Alzheimer's Disease to Vascular Dementia: Different Roads Leading to Cognitive Decline. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v181.6/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Bettinetti-Luque
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA)-Plataforma BIONAND, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Laura Trujillo-Estrada
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA)-Plataforma BIONAND, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eduardo Garcia-Fuentes
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA)-Plataforma BIONAND, Málaga, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juana Andreo-Lopez
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA)-Plataforma BIONAND, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Raquel Sanchez-Varo
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA)-Plataforma BIONAND, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Fisiología Humana, Histología Humana, Anatomía Patológica y Educación Física y Deportiva, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Lourdes Garrido-Sánchez
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA)-Plataforma BIONAND, Málaga, Spain
| | - Ángela Gómez-Mediavilla
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina. Instituto Teófilo Hernando para la I+D de Fármacos, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuela G López
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina. Instituto Teófilo Hernando para la I+D de Fármacos, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias (IIS-IP), Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - Melissa Garcia-Caballero
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA)-Plataforma BIONAND, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Antonia Gutierrez
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA)-Plataforma BIONAND, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - David Baglietto-Vargas
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA)-Plataforma BIONAND, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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Breslin JW, Yuan SY. Determination of Solute Permeability of Microvascular Endothelial Cell Monolayers In Vitro. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2711:1-12. [PMID: 37776444 PMCID: PMC10928851 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3429-5_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
The microvascular endothelium has a critical role in regulating the delivery of oxygen, nutrients, and water to the surrounding tissues. Under inflammatory conditions that accompany acute injury or disease, microvascular permeability becomes elevated. When microvascular hyperpermeability becomes uncontrolled or chronic, the excessive escape of plasma proteins into the surrounding tissue disrupts homeostasis and ultimately leads to organ dysfunction. Much remains to be learned about the mechanisms that control microvascular permeability. In addition to in vivo and isolated microvessel methods, the cultured endothelial cell monolayer protocol is an important tool that allows for understanding the specific, endothelial subcellular mechanisms that determine permeability of the endothelium to plasma proteins. In this chapter, two variations of the popular Transwell culture methodology to determine permeability to using fluorescently labeled tracers are presented. The strengths and weaknesses of this approach are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerome W Breslin
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA.
| | - Sarah Y Yuan
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
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Prabhakar A, Kumar R, Wadhwa M, Ghatpande P, Zhang J, Zhao Z, Lizama CO, Kharbikar BN, Gräf S, Treacy CM, Morrell NW, Graham BB, Lagna G, Hata A. Reversal of pulmonary veno-occlusive disease phenotypes by inhibition of the integrated stress response. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.27.568924. [PMID: 38076809 PMCID: PMC10705277 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.27.568924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
Pulmonary veno-occlusive disease (PVOD) is a rare form of pulmonary hypertension arising from EIF2AK4 gene mutations or mitomycin C (MMC) administration. The lack of effective PVOD therapies is compounded by a limited understanding of the mechanisms driving the vascular remodeling in PVOD. We show that the administration of MMC in rats mediates the activation of protein kinase R (PKR) and the integrated stress response (ISR), which lead to the release of the endothelial adhesion molecule VE-Cadherin in the complex with Rad51 to the circulation, disruption of endothelial barrier, and vascular remodeling. Pharmacological inhibition of PKR or ISR attenuates the depletion of VE-Cadherin, elevation of vascular permeability, and vascular remodeling instigated by MMC, suggesting potential clinical intervention for PVOD. Finally, the severity of PVOD phenotypes was increased by a heterozygous BMPR2 mutation that truncates the carboxyl tail of BMPR2, underscoring the role of deregulated BMP signal in the development of PVOD.
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Castillo-González J, Ruiz JL, Serrano-Martínez I, Forte-Lago I, Ubago-Rodriguez A, Caro M, Pérez-Gómez JM, Benítez-Troncoso A, Andrés-León E, Sánchez-Navarro M, Luque RM, González-Rey E. Cortistatin deficiency reveals a dysfunctional brain endothelium with impaired gene pathways, exacerbated immune activation, and disrupted barrier integrity. J Neuroinflammation 2023; 20:226. [PMID: 37794493 PMCID: PMC10548650 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-023-02908-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brain activity governing cognition and behaviour depends on the fine-tuned microenvironment provided by a tightly controlled blood-brain barrier (BBB). Brain endothelium dysfunction is a hallmark of BBB breakdown in most neurodegenerative/neuroinflammatory disorders. Therefore, the identification of new endogenous molecules involved in endothelial cell disruption is essential to better understand BBB dynamics. Cortistatin is a neuroimmune mediator with anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties that exerts beneficial effects on the peripheral endothelium. However, its role in the healthy and injured brain endothelium remains to be evaluated. Herein, this study aimed to investigate the potential function of endogenous and therapeutic cortistatin in regulating brain endothelium dysfunction in a neuroinflammatory/neurodegenerative environment. METHODS Wild-type and cortistatin-deficient murine brain endothelium and human cells were used for an in vitro barrier model, where a simulated ischemia-like environment was mimicked. Endothelial permeability, junction integrity, and immune response in the presence and absence of cortistatin were evaluated using different size tracers, immunofluorescence labelling, qPCR, and ELISA. Cortistatin molecular mechanisms underlying brain endothelium dynamics were assessed by RNA-sequencing analysis. Cortistatin role in BBB leakage was evaluated in adult mice injected with LPS. RESULTS The endogenous lack of cortistatin predisposes endothelium weakening with increased permeability, tight-junctions breakdown, and dysregulated immune activity. We demonstrated that both damaged and uninjured brain endothelial cells isolated from cortistatin-deficient mice, present a dysregulated and/or deactivated genetic programming. These pathways, related to basic physiology but also crucial for the repair after damage (e.g., extracellular matrix remodelling, angiogenesis, response to oxygen, signalling, and metabolites transport), are dysfunctional and make brain endothelial barrier lacking cortistatin non-responsive to any further injury. Treatment with cortistatin reversed in vitro hyperpermeability, tight-junctions disruption, inflammatory response, and reduced in vivo BBB leakage. CONCLUSIONS The neuropeptide cortistatin has a key role in the physiology of the cerebral microvasculature and its presence is crucial to develop a canonical balanced response to damage. The reparative effects of cortistatin in the brain endothelium were accompanied by the modulation of the immune function and the rescue of barrier integrity. Cortistatin-based therapies could emerge as a novel pleiotropic strategy to ameliorate neuroinflammatory/neurodegenerative disorders with disrupted BBB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Castillo-González
- Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine Lopez-Neyra (IPBLN), CSIC, PT Salud, 18016, Granada, Spain
| | - José Luis Ruiz
- Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine Lopez-Neyra (IPBLN), CSIC, PT Salud, 18016, Granada, Spain
| | - Ignacio Serrano-Martínez
- Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine Lopez-Neyra (IPBLN), CSIC, PT Salud, 18016, Granada, Spain
| | - Irene Forte-Lago
- Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine Lopez-Neyra (IPBLN), CSIC, PT Salud, 18016, Granada, Spain
| | - Ana Ubago-Rodriguez
- Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine Lopez-Neyra (IPBLN), CSIC, PT Salud, 18016, Granada, Spain
| | - Marta Caro
- Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine Lopez-Neyra (IPBLN), CSIC, PT Salud, 18016, Granada, Spain
| | - Jesús Miguel Pérez-Gómez
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), 14004, Cordoba, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Cordoba, 14004, Cordoba, Spain
- Reina Sofia University Hospital (HURS), 14004, Cordoba, Spain
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), 14004, Cordoba, Spain
| | | | - Eduardo Andrés-León
- Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine Lopez-Neyra (IPBLN), CSIC, PT Salud, 18016, Granada, Spain
| | - Macarena Sánchez-Navarro
- Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine Lopez-Neyra (IPBLN), CSIC, PT Salud, 18016, Granada, Spain
| | - Raúl M Luque
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), 14004, Cordoba, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Cordoba, 14004, Cordoba, Spain
- Reina Sofia University Hospital (HURS), 14004, Cordoba, Spain
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), 14004, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Elena González-Rey
- Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine Lopez-Neyra (IPBLN), CSIC, PT Salud, 18016, Granada, Spain.
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Villalba N, Ma Y, Gahan SA, Joly-Amado A, Spence S, Yang X, Nash KR, Yuan SY. Lung infection by Pseudomonas aeruginosa induces neuroinflammation and blood-brain barrier dysfunction in mice. J Neuroinflammation 2023; 20:127. [PMID: 37245027 PMCID: PMC10223932 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-023-02817-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Severe lung infection can lead to brain dysfunction and neurobehavioral disorders. The mechanisms that regulate the lung-brain axis of inflammatory response to respiratory infection are incompletely understood. This study examined the effects of lung infection causing systemic and neuroinflammation as a potential mechanism contributing to blood-brain barrier (BBB) leakage and behavioral impairment. METHODS Lung infection in mice was induced by instilling Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) intratracheally. We determined bacterial colonization in tissue, microvascular leakage, expression of cytokines and leukocyte infiltration into the brain. RESULTS Lung infection caused alveolar-capillary barrier injury as indicated by leakage of plasma proteins across pulmonary microvessels and histopathological characteristics of pulmonary edema (alveolar wall thickening, microvessel congestion, and neutrophil infiltration). PA also caused significant BBB dysfunction characterized by leakage of different sized molecules across cerebral microvessels and a decreased expression of cell-cell junctions (VE-cadherin, claudin-5) in the brain. BBB leakage peaked at 24 h and lasted for 7 days post-inoculation. Additionally, mice with lung infection displayed hyperlocomotion and anxiety-like behaviors. To test whether cerebral dysfunction was caused by PA directly or indirectly, we measured bacterial load in multiple organs. While PA loads were detected in the lungs up to 7 days post-inoculation, bacteria were not detected in the brain as evidenced by negative cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) cultures and lack of distribution in different brain regions or isolated cerebral microvessels. However, mice with PA lung infection demonstrated increased mRNA expression in the brain of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α), chemokines (CXCL-1, CXCL-2) and adhesion molecules (VCAM-1 and ICAM-1) along with CD11b + CD45+ cell recruitment, corresponding to their increased blood levels of white cells (polymorphonuclear cells) and cytokines. To confirm the direct effect of cytokines on endothelial permeability, we measured cell-cell adhesive barrier resistance and junction morphology in mouse brain microvascular endothelial cell monolayers, where administration of IL-1β induced a significant reduction of barrier function coupled with tight junction (TJ) and adherens junction (AJ) diffusion and disorganization. Combined treatment with IL-1β and TNFα augmented the barrier injury. CONCLUSIONS Lung bacterial infection is associated with BBB disruption and behavioral changes, which are mediated by systemic cytokine release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuria Villalba
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL USA
| | - Yonggang Ma
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL USA
| | - Sarah A. Gahan
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL USA
| | - Aurelie Joly-Amado
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL USA
| | - Sam Spence
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL USA
| | - Xiaoyuan Yang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL USA
| | - Kevin R. Nash
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL USA
| | - Sarah Y. Yuan
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL USA
- Department of Surgery, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL USA
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Fock E, Parnova R. Mechanisms of Blood-Brain Barrier Protection by Microbiota-Derived Short-Chain Fatty Acids. Cells 2023; 12:cells12040657. [PMID: 36831324 PMCID: PMC9954192 DOI: 10.3390/cells12040657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Impairment of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity is implicated in the numerous neurological disorders associated with neuroinflammation, neurodegeneration and aging. It is now evident that short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), mainly acetate, butyrate and propionate, produced by anaerobic bacterial fermentation of the dietary fiber in the intestine, have a key role in the communication between the gastrointestinal tract and nervous system and are critically important for the preservation of the BBB integrity under different pathological conditions. The effect of SCFAs on the improvement of the compromised BBB is mainly based on the decrease in paracellular permeability via restoration of junctional complex proteins affecting their transcription, intercellular localization or proteolytic degradation. This review is focused on the revealed and putative underlying mechanisms of the direct and indirect effects of SCFAs on the improvement of the barrier function of brain endothelial cells. We consider G-protein-coupled receptor-mediated effects of SCFAs, SCFAs-stimulated acetylation of histone and non-histone proteins via inhibition of histone deacetylases, and crosstalk of these signaling pathways with transcriptional factors NF-κB and Nrf2 as mainstream mechanisms of SCFA's effect on the preservation of the BBB integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rimma Parnova
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-812-552-79-01; Fax: +7-812-552-30-12
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Villalba N, Ma Y, Gahan SA, Joly-Amado A, Spence S, Yang X, Nash K, Yuan SY. Lung infection by P. aeruginosa induces neuroinflammation and blood-brain barrier dysfunction in mice. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-2511441. [PMID: 36778380 PMCID: PMC9915779 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2511441/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Background Severe lung infection can lead to brain dysfunction and neurobehavioral disorders. The mechanisms that regulate the lung-brain axis of inflammatory response to respiratory infection are incompletely understood. This study examined the effects of lung infection causing systemic and neuroinflammation as a potential mechanism contributing to blood-brain barrier (BBB) leakage and behavioral impairment. Methods Pneumonia was induced in adult C57BL/6 mice by intratracheal inoculation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA). Solute extravasation, histology, immunofluorescence, RT-PCR, multiphoton imaging and neurological testing were performed in this study. Results Lung infection caused alveolar-capillary barrier injury as indicated by leakage of plasma proteins across pulmonary microvessels and histopathological characteristics of pulmonary edema (alveolar wall thickening, microvessel congestion, and neutrophil infiltration). PA also caused significant BBB dysfunction characterized by leakage of different sized molecules across cerebral microvessels and a decreased expression of cell-cell junctions (VE-cadherin, claudin-5) in the brain. BBB leakage peaked at 24 hours and lasted for 7 days post-inoculation. Additionally, mice with lung infection displayed hyperlocomotion and anxiety-like behaviors. To test whether cerebral dysfunction was caused by PA directly or indirectly, we measured bacterial load in multiple organs. While PA loads were detected in the lungs up to 7 days post-inoculation, bacteria were not detected in the brain as evidenced by negative cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) cultures and lack of distribution in different brain regions or isolated cerebral microvessels. However, mice with PA lung infection demonstrated increased mRNA expression in the brain of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α), chemokines (CXCL-1, CXCL-2) and adhesion molecules (VCAM-1 and ICAM-1) along with CD11b + cell recruitment, corresponding to their increased blood levels of white cells (polymorphonuclear cells) and cytokines. To confirm the direct effect of cytokines on endothelial permeability, we measured cell-cell adhesive barrier resistance and junction morphology in mouse brain microvascular endothelial cell monolayers, where administration of IL-1β induced a significant reduction of barrier function coupled with tight junction (TJ) diffusion and disorganization. Combined treatment with IL-1β and TNFα augmented the barrier injury. Conclusions These results suggest that lung bacterial infection causes cerebral microvascular leakage and neuroinflammation via a mechanism involving cytokine-induced BBB injury.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yonggang Ma
- University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine
| | - Sarah A Gahan
- University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine
| | | | - Sam Spence
- University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine
| | - Xiaoyuan Yang
- University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine
| | - Kevin Nash
- University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine
| | - Sarah Y Yuan
- University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine
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Villalba N, Ma Y, Gahan SA, Joly-Amado A, Spence S, Yang X, Nash K, Yuan SY. Lung infection by P. aeruginosa induces neuroinflammation and blood-brain barrier dysfunction in mice. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.01.23.524949. [PMID: 36747856 PMCID: PMC9900744 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.23.524949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Background Severe lung infection can lead to brain dysfunction and neurobehavioral disorders. The mechanisms that regulate the lung-brain axis of inflammatory response to respiratory infection are incompletely understood. This study examined the effects of lung infection causing systemic and neuroinflammation as a potential mechanism contributing to blood-brain barrier (BBB) leakage and behavioral impairment. Methods Pneumonia was induced in adult C57BL/6 mice by intratracheal inoculation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA). Solute extravasation, histology, immunofluorescence, RT-PCR, multiphoton imaging and neurological testing were performed in this study. Results Lung infection caused alveolar-capillary barrier injury as indicated by leakage of plasma proteins across pulmonary microvessels and histopathological characteristics of pulmonary edema (alveolar wall thickening, microvessel congestion, and neutrophil infiltration). PA also caused significant BBB dysfunction characterized by leakage of different sized molecules across cerebral microvessels and a decreased expression of cell-cell junctions (VE-cadherin, claudin-5) in the brain. BBB leakage peaked at 24 hours and lasted for 7 days post-inoculation. Additionally, mice with lung infection displayed hyperlocomotion and anxiety-like behaviors. To test whether cerebral dysfunction was caused by PA directly or indirectly, we measured bacterial load in multiple organs. While PA loads were detected in the lungs up to 7 days post-inoculation, bacteria were not detected in the brain as evidenced by negative cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) cultures and lack of distribution in different brain regions or isolated cerebral microvessels. However, mice with PA lung infection demonstrated increased mRNA expression in the brain of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α), chemokines (CXCL-1, CXCL-2) and adhesion molecules (VCAM-1 and ICAM-1) along with CD11b+ cell recruitment, corresponding to their increased blood levels of white cells (polymorphonuclear cells) and cytokines. To confirm the direct effect of cytokines on endothelial permeability, we measured cell-cell adhesive barrier resistance and junction morphology in mouse brain microvascular endothelial cell monolayers, where administration of IL-1β induced a significant reduction of barrier function coupled with tight junction (TJ) diffusion and disorganization. Combined treatment with IL-1β and TNFα augmented the barrier injury. Conclusions These results suggest that lung bacterial infection causes cerebral microvascular leakage and neuroinflammation via a mechanism involving cytokine-induced BBB injury.
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11
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Villablanca EJ, Selin K, Hedin CRH. Mechanisms of mucosal healing: treating inflammatory bowel disease without immunosuppression? NATURE REVIEWS. GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY 2022. [PMID: 35440774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
Abstract
Almost all currently available treatments for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) act by inhibiting inflammation, often blocking specific inflammatory molecules. However, given the infectious and neoplastic disease burden associated with chronic immunosuppressive therapy, the goal of attaining mucosal healing without immunosuppression is attractive. The absence of treatments that directly promote mucosal healing and regeneration in IBD could be linked to the lack of understanding of the underlying pathways. The range of potential strategies to achieve mucosal healing is diverse. However, the targeting of regenerative mechanisms has not yet been achieved for IBD. Stem cells provide hope as a regenerative treatment and are used in limited clinical situations. Growth factors are available for the treatment of short bowel syndrome but have not yet been applied in IBD. The therapeutic application of organoid culture and stem cell therapy to generate new intestinal tissue could provide a novel mechanism to restore barrier function in IBD. Furthermore, blocking key effectors of barrier dysfunction (such as MLCK or damage-associated molecular pattern molecules) has shown promise in experimental IBD. Here, we review the diversity of molecular targets available to directly promote mucosal healing, experimental models to identify new potential pathways and some of the anticipated potential therapies for IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo J Villablanca
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Katja Selin
- Gastroenterology unit, Department of Gastroenterology, Dermatovenereology and Rheumatology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Charlotte R H Hedin
- Gastroenterology unit, Department of Gastroenterology, Dermatovenereology and Rheumatology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden. .,Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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12
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Villablanca EJ, Selin K, Hedin CRH. Mechanisms of mucosal healing: treating inflammatory bowel disease without immunosuppression? Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 19:493-507. [PMID: 35440774 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-022-00604-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Almost all currently available treatments for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) act by inhibiting inflammation, often blocking specific inflammatory molecules. However, given the infectious and neoplastic disease burden associated with chronic immunosuppressive therapy, the goal of attaining mucosal healing without immunosuppression is attractive. The absence of treatments that directly promote mucosal healing and regeneration in IBD could be linked to the lack of understanding of the underlying pathways. The range of potential strategies to achieve mucosal healing is diverse. However, the targeting of regenerative mechanisms has not yet been achieved for IBD. Stem cells provide hope as a regenerative treatment and are used in limited clinical situations. Growth factors are available for the treatment of short bowel syndrome but have not yet been applied in IBD. The therapeutic application of organoid culture and stem cell therapy to generate new intestinal tissue could provide a novel mechanism to restore barrier function in IBD. Furthermore, blocking key effectors of barrier dysfunction (such as MLCK or damage-associated molecular pattern molecules) has shown promise in experimental IBD. Here, we review the diversity of molecular targets available to directly promote mucosal healing, experimental models to identify new potential pathways and some of the anticipated potential therapies for IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo J Villablanca
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Katja Selin
- Gastroenterology unit, Department of Gastroenterology, Dermatovenereology and Rheumatology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Charlotte R H Hedin
- Gastroenterology unit, Department of Gastroenterology, Dermatovenereology and Rheumatology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden. .,Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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13
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Slate-Romano JJ, Yano N, Zhao TC. Irisin reduces inflammatory signaling pathways in inflammation-mediated metabolic syndrome. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2022; 552:111676. [PMID: 35569582 PMCID: PMC10084474 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2022.111676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Irisin is an exercise induced myokine first shown to induce the browning of white adipose tissue (WAT) which increases energy expenditure, improves glucose tolerance, and reduces insulin resistance. Among irisin's involvement in lipid homeostasis, osteoblast proliferation, and muscle growth, it also acts as a mediator of many inflammatory pathways throughout the body. This review aims to describe the role of irisin in inflammatory processes and understand how targeting irisin can alter the inflammatory response in metabolic syndrome (MetS). The mechanisms involved in irisin's anti-inflammatory functions include reducing production of pro-inflammatory cytokines while increasing production of anti-inflammatory cytokines, reducing macrophage proliferation, inducing alternatively activated (M2-type) macrophage polarization, inhibiting pathways of increased vascular permeability, and preventing the formation of inflammasomes. While there are some contradictory results, most studies found reduced levels of irisin in MetS and type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Irisin treatment of cells exposed to inflammatory stimuli ameliorates the inflammatory response and promotes cellular viability. Numerous methods have been studied to increase plasma irisin levels including dietary, behavioral, and pharmaceutical. Further investigation is necessary to understand how irisin can be targeted for disease modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- John J Slate-Romano
- Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University School of Medicine, 222 Richmond St. Providence, RI, 02903, USA
| | - Naohiro Yano
- Department of Surgery, Rhode Island Hospital, 593 Eddy St. Providence, RI, 02903, USA
| | - Ting C Zhao
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert School of Medicine, 593 Eddy St. Providence, RI, 02903, USA.
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14
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Reinhold AK, Salvador E, Förster CY, Birklein F, Rittner HL. Microvascular Barrier Protection by microRNA-183 via FoxO1 Repression: A Pathway Disturbed in Neuropathy and Complex Regional Pain Syndrome. THE JOURNAL OF PAIN 2022; 23:967-980. [PMID: 34974173 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2021.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Blood nerve barrier disruption and edema are common in neuropathic pain as well as in complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS). MicroRNAs (miRNA) are epigenetic multitarget switches controlling neuronal and non-neuronal cells in pain. The miR-183 complex attenuates hyperexcitability in nociceptors, but additional non-neuronal effects via transcription factors could contribute as well. This study explored exosomal miR-183 in CRPS and murine neuropathy, its effect on the microvascular barrier via transcription factor FoxO1 and tight junction protein claudin-5, and its antihyperalgesic potential. Sciatic miR-183 decreased after CCI. Substitution with perineural miR-183 mimic attenuated mechanical hypersensitivity and restored blood nerve barrier function. In vitro, serum from CCI mice und CRPS patients weakened the microvascular barrier of murine cerebellar endothelial cells, increased active FoxO1 and reduced claudin-5, concomitant with a lack of exosomal miR-183 in CRPS patients. Cellular stress also compromised the microvascular barrier which was rescued either by miR-183 mimic via FoxO1 repression or by prior silencing of Foxo1. PERSPECTIVE: Low miR-183 leading to barrier impairment via FoxO1 and subsequent claudin-5 suppression is a new aspect in the pathophysiology of CRPS and neuropathic pain. This pathway might help untangle the wide symptomatic range of CRPS and nurture further research into miRNA mimics or FoxO1 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann-Kristin Reinhold
- University Hospital Würzburg, Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care, Emergency Care and Pain Management, Center for Interdisciplinary Pain Medicine, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ellaine Salvador
- University Hospital Würzburg, Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care, Emergency Care and Pain Management, Center for Interdisciplinary Pain Medicine, Würzburg, Germany; University Hospital Würzburg, Department of Neurosurgery, Tumorbiology Laboratory, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Carola Y Förster
- University Hospital Würzburg, Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care, Emergency Care and Pain Management, Center for Interdisciplinary Pain Medicine, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Frank Birklein
- Mainz University Hospitals, Department of Neurology, Mainz, Germany
| | - Heike L Rittner
- University Hospital Würzburg, Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care, Emergency Care and Pain Management, Center for Interdisciplinary Pain Medicine, Würzburg, Germany.
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15
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Kim N, Lee J, Seon Song H, Joon Oh Y, Kwon MS, Yun M, Ki Lim S, Kyeong Park H, Seo Jang Y, Lee S, Choi SP, Woon Roh S, Choi HJ. Kimchi intake alleviates obesity-induced neuroinflammation by modulating the gut-brain axis. Food Res Int 2022; 158:111533. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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16
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Motallebnejad P, Rajesh VV, Azarin SM. Evaluating the Role of IL-1β in Transmigration of Triple Negative Breast Cancer Cells Across the Brain Endothelium. Cell Mol Bioeng 2022; 15:99-114. [PMID: 35096187 PMCID: PMC8761198 DOI: 10.1007/s12195-021-00710-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In vivo, breast cancer cells spend on average 3-7 days adhered to the endothelial cells inside the vascular lumen before entering the brain. IL-1β is one of the highly upregulated molecules in brain-seeking triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells. In this study, the effect of IL-1β on the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and astrocytes and its role in transmigration of TNBC cells were evaluated. METHODS The effect of IL-1β on transendothelial electrical resistance, gene and protein expression of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived brain-specific microvascular endothelial-like cells (iBMECs) was studied. Transport of IL-1β across the iBMEC layer was investigated and the effect of IL-1β treatment of astrocytes on their cytokine and chemokine secretome was evaluated with a cytokine membrane array. Using BBB-on-a-chip devices, transmigration of MDA-MB-231 cells and their brain-seeking variant (231BR) across the iBMECs was studied, and the effect of an IL-1β neutralizing antibody on TNBC cell transmigration was investigated. RESULTS We showed that IL-1β reduces BBB integrity and induces endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition in iBMECs. IL-1β crosses the iBMEC layer and induces secretion of multiple chemokines by astrocytes, which can enhance TNBC cell transmigration across the BBB. Transmigration assays in a BBB-on-a-chip device showed that 231BR cells have a higher rate of transmigration across the iBMECs compared to MDA-MB-231 cells, and IL-1β pretreatment of BBB-on-a-chip devices increases the number of transmigrated MDA-MB-231 cells. Finally, we demonstrated that neutralizing IL-1β reduces the rate of 231BR cell transmigration. CONCLUSION IL-1β plays a significant role in transmigration of brain-seeking TNBC cells across the BBB. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12195-021-00710-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedram Motallebnejad
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
| | - Vinayak V. Rajesh
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
| | - Samira M. Azarin
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
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17
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Bhusal A, Rahman MH, Suk K. Hypothalamic inflammation in metabolic disorders and aging. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 79:32. [PMID: 34910246 PMCID: PMC11071926 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-04019-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The hypothalamus is a critical brain region for the regulation of energy homeostasis. Over the years, studies on energy metabolism primarily focused on the neuronal component of the hypothalamus. Studies have recently uncovered the vital role of glial cells as an additional player in energy balance regulation. However, their inflammatory activation under metabolic stress condition contributes to various metabolic diseases. The recruitment of monocytes and macrophages in the hypothalamus helps sustain such inflammation and worsens the disease state. Neurons were found to actively participate in hypothalamic inflammatory response by transmitting signals to the surrounding non-neuronal cells. This activation of different cell types in the hypothalamus leads to chronic, low-grade inflammation, impairing energy balance and contributing to defective feeding habits, thermogenesis, and insulin and leptin signaling, eventually leading to metabolic disorders (i.e., diabetes, obesity, and hypertension). The hypothalamus is also responsible for the causation of systemic aging under metabolic stress. A better understanding of the multiple factors contributing to hypothalamic inflammation, the role of the different hypothalamic cells, and their crosstalks may help identify new therapeutic targets. In this review, we focus on the role of glial cells in establishing a cause-effect relationship between hypothalamic inflammation and the development of metabolic diseases. We also cover the role of other cell types and discuss the possibilities and challenges of targeting hypothalamic inflammation as a valid therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anup Bhusal
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea
- BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Md Habibur Rahman
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - Kyoungho Suk
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea.
- BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea.
- Brain Science and Engineering Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea.
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18
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Kaminsky LW, Al-Sadi R, Ma TY. IL-1β and the Intestinal Epithelial Tight Junction Barrier. Front Immunol 2021; 12:767456. [PMID: 34759934 PMCID: PMC8574155 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.767456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The intestinal epithelial tight junction (TJ) barrier controls the paracellular permeation of contents from the intestinal lumen into the intestinal tissue and systemic circulation. A defective intestinal TJ barrier has been implicated as an important pathogenic factor in inflammatory diseases of the gut including Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, necrotizing enterocolitis, and celiac disease. Previous studies have shown that pro-inflammatory cytokines, which are produced during intestinal inflammation, including interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α, and interferon-γ, have important intestinal TJ barrier-modulating actions. Recent studies have shown that the IL-1β-induced increase in intestinal TJ permeability is an important contributing factor of intestinal inflammation. The IL-1β-induced increase in intestinal TJ permeability is mediated by regulatory signaling pathways and activation of nuclear transcription factor nuclear factor-κB, myosin light chain kinase gene activation, and post-transcriptional occludin gene modulation by microRNA and contributes to the intestinal inflammatory process. In this review, the regulatory role of IL-1β on intestinal TJ barrier, the intracellular mechanisms that mediate the IL-1β modulation of intestinal TJ permeability, and the potential therapeutic targeting of the TJ barrier are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren W Kaminsky
- Section of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Rana Al-Sadi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Thomas Y Ma
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
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19
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Takata F, Nakagawa S, Matsumoto J, Dohgu S. Blood-Brain Barrier Dysfunction Amplifies the Development of Neuroinflammation: Understanding of Cellular Events in Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells for Prevention and Treatment of BBB Dysfunction. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:661838. [PMID: 34588955 PMCID: PMC8475767 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.661838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is involved in the onset or progression of various neurodegenerative diseases. Initiation of neuroinflammation is triggered by endogenous substances (damage-associated molecular patterns) and/or exogenous pathogens. Activation of glial cells (microglia and astrocytes) is widely recognized as a hallmark of neuroinflammation and triggers the release of proinflammatory cytokines, leading to neurotoxicity and neuronal dysfunction. Another feature associated with neuroinflammatory diseases is impairment of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). The BBB, which is composed of brain endothelial cells connected by tight junctions, maintains brain homeostasis and protects neurons. Impairment of this barrier allows trafficking of immune cells or plasma proteins into the brain parenchyma and subsequent inflammatory processes in the brain. Besides neurons, activated glial cells also affect BBB integrity. Therefore, BBB dysfunction can amplify neuroinflammation and act as a key process in the development of neuroinflammation. BBB integrity is determined by the integration of multiple signaling pathways within brain endothelial cells through intercellular communication between brain endothelial cells and brain perivascular cells (pericytes, astrocytes, microglia, and oligodendrocytes). For prevention of BBB disruption, both cellular components, such as signaling molecules in brain endothelial cells, and non-cellular components, such as inflammatory mediators released by perivascular cells, should be considered. Thus, understanding of intracellular signaling pathways that disrupt the BBB can provide novel treatments for neurological diseases associated with neuroinflammation. In this review, we discuss current knowledge regarding the underlying mechanisms involved in BBB impairment by inflammatory mediators released by perivascular cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuyuko Takata
- Department of Pharmaceutical Care and Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Nakagawa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Care and Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Junichi Matsumoto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Care and Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shinya Dohgu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Care and Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
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20
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Breitkreuz-Korff O, Tscheik C, Del Vecchio G, Dithmer S, Walther W, Orthmann A, Wolburg H, Haseloff RF, Schröder L, Blasig IE, Winkler L. M01 as a novel drug enhancer for specifically targeting the blood-brain barrier. J Control Release 2021; 338:137-148. [PMID: 34384796 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Drug delivery to the brain is limited for most pharmaceuticals by the blood-brain barrier (BBB) where claudin-5 dominates the paraendothelial tightening. For circumventing the BBB, we identified the compound M01 as a claudin-5 interaction inhibitor. M01 causes transient permeabilisation of the BBB depending on the concentration of small molecules in different cell culture models within 3 to 48 h. In mice, brain uptake of fluorescein peaked within the first 3 h after M01 injection and normalised within 48 h. Compared to the cytostatic paclitaxel alone, M01 improved delivery of paclitaxel to mouse brain and reduced orthotopic glioblastoma growth. Results on interactions of M01 with claudin-5 were incorporated into a binding model which suggests association of its aromatic parts with highly conserved residues of the extracellular domain of claudin-5 and adjacent transmembrane segments. Our results indicate the following mode of action: M01 preferentially binds to the extracellular claudin-5 domain, which weakens trans-interactions between adhering cells. Further decrease in membranous claudin-5 levels due to internalization and transcriptional downregulation enables the paracellular passage of small molecules. In summary, the first small molecule is introduced here as a drug enhancer, which specifically permeabilises the BBB for a sufficient interval for allowing neuropharmaceuticals to enter the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christian Tscheik
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Sophie Dithmer
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, Berlin, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Walther
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andrea Orthmann
- Experimentelle Pharmakologie und Onkologie Berlin-Buch GmbH, Germany
| | | | - Reiner F Haseloff
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, Berlin, Germany
| | - Leif Schröder
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ingolf E Blasig
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Lars Winkler
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, Berlin, Germany; Experimentelle Pharmakologie und Onkologie Berlin-Buch GmbH, Germany.
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21
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Scallan JP, Knauer LA, Hou H, Castorena-Gonzalez JA, Davis MJ, Yang Y. Foxo1 deletion promotes the growth of new lymphatic valves. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:e142341. [PMID: 34263740 DOI: 10.1172/jci142341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with congenital lymphedema suffer from tissue swelling in part due to mutations in genes regulating lymphatic valve development. Lymphatic valve leaflets grow and are maintained throughout life in response to oscillatory shear stress (OSS), which regulates gene transcription in lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs). Here, we identified the first transcription factor, Foxo1, that repressed lymphatic valve formation by inhibiting the expression of valve-forming genes. We showed that both embryonic and postnatal ablation of Foxo1 in LECs induced additional valve formation in postnatal and adult mice in multiple tissues. Our quantitative analyses revealed that after deletion, the total number of valves in the mesentery was significantly (P < 0.01) increased in the Foxo1LEC-KO mice compared with Foxo1fl/fl controls. In addition, our quantitative real-time PCR (RT-PCR) data from cultured LECs showed that many valve-forming genes were significantly (P < 0.01) upregulated upon knockdown of FOXO1. To confirm our findings in vivo, rescue experiments showed that Foxc2+/- mice, a model of lymphedema-distichiasis, had 50% fewer lymphatic valves and that the remaining valves exhibited backleak. Both valve number and function were completely restored to control levels upon Foxo1 deletion. These findings established FOXO1 as a clinically relevant target to stimulate de novo lymphatic valve formation and rescue defective valves in congenital lymphedema.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua P Scallan
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Luz A Knauer
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Huayan Hou
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | | | - Michael J Davis
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Ying Yang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
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22
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Shen J, Li G, Zhu Y, Xu Q, Zhou H, Xu K, Huang K, Zhan R, Pan J. Foxo1-induced miR-92b down-regulation promotes blood-brain barrier damage after ischaemic stroke by targeting NOX4. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:5269-5282. [PMID: 33955666 PMCID: PMC8178288 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The blood‐brain barrier (BBB) damage is a momentous pathological process of ischaemic stroke. NADPH oxidases 4 (NOX4) boosts BBB damage after ischaemic stroke and its expression can be influenced by microRNAs. This study aimed to probe into whether miR‐92b influenced the BBB damage after ischaemic stroke by regulating NOX4 expression. Here, miR‐92b expression was lessened in the ischaemic brains of rats and oxygen‐glucose deprivation (OGD)‐induced brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs). In middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo) rats, miR‐92b overexpression relieved the ameliorated neurological function and protected the BBB integrity. In vitro model, miR‐92b overexpression raised the viability and lessened the permeability of OGD‐induced BMECs. miR‐92b targeted NOX4 and regulated the viability and permeability of OGD‐induced BMECs by negatively modulating NOX4 expression. The transcription factor Foxo1 bound to the miR‐92b promoter and restrained its expression. Foxo1 expression was induced by OGD‐induction and its knockdown abolished the effects of OGD on miR‐92b and NOX4 expressions, cell viability and permeability of BMECs. In general, our findings expounded that Foxo1‐induced lessening miR‐92b boosted BBB damage after ischaemic stroke by raising NOX4 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Shen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ganglei Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yu Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qingsheng Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hengjun Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kangli Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kaiyuan Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Renya Zhan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianwei Pan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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An Embryonic Zebrafish Model to Screen Disruption of Gut-Vascular Barrier upon Exposure to Ambient Ultrafine Particles. TOXICS 2020; 8:toxics8040107. [PMID: 33228016 PMCID: PMC7711522 DOI: 10.3390/toxics8040107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have linked exposure to ambient particulate matter (PM) with gastrointestinal (GI) diseases. Ambient ultrafine particles (UFP) are the redox-active sub-fraction of PM2.5, harboring elemental and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from urban environmental sources including diesel and gasoline exhausts. The gut-vascular barrier (GVB) regulates paracellular trafficking and systemic dissemination of ingested microbes and toxins. Here, we posit that acute UFP ingestion disrupts the integrity of the intestinal barrier by modulating intestinal Notch activation. Using zebrafish embryos, we performed micro-gavage with the fluorescein isothiocynate (FITC)-conjugated dextran (FD10, 10 kDa) to assess the disruption of GVB integrity upon UFP exposure. Following micro-gavage, FD10 retained in the embryonic GI system, migrated through the cloaca. Conversely, co-gavaging UFP increased transmigration of FD10 across the intestinal barrier, and FD10 fluorescence occurred in the venous capillary plexus. Ingestion of UFP further impaired the mid-intestine morphology. We performed micro-angiogram of FD10 to corroborate acute UFP-mediated disruption of GVB. Transient genetic and pharmacologic manipulations of global Notch activity suggested Notch regulation of the GVB. Overall, our integration of a genetically tractable embryonic zebrafish and micro-gavage technique provided epigenetic insights underlying ambient UFP ingestion disrupts the GVB.
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Conventional and Non-Conventional Roles of Non-Muscle Myosin II-Actin in Neuronal Development and Degeneration. Cells 2020; 9:cells9091926. [PMID: 32825197 PMCID: PMC7566000 DOI: 10.3390/cells9091926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Myosins are motor proteins that use chemical energy to produce mechanical forces driving actin cytoskeletal dynamics. In the brain, the conventional non-muscle myosin II (NMII) regulates actin filament cytoskeletal assembly and contractile forces during structural remodeling of axons and dendrites, contributing to morphology, polarization, and migration of neurons during brain development. NMII isoforms also participate in neurotransmission and synaptic plasticity by driving actin cytoskeletal dynamics during synaptic vesicle release and retrieval, and formation, maturation, and remodeling of dendritic spines. NMIIs are expressed differentially in cerebral non-neuronal cells, such as microglia, astrocytes, and endothelial cells, wherein they play key functions in inflammation, myelination, and repair. Besides major efforts to understand the physiological functions and regulatory mechanisms of NMIIs in the nervous system, their contributions to brain pathologies are still largely unclear. Nonetheless, genetic mutations or deregulation of NMII and its regulatory effectors are linked to autism, schizophrenia, intellectual disability, and neurodegeneration, indicating non-conventional roles of NMIIs in cellular mechanisms underlying neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders. Here, we summarize the emerging biological roles of NMIIs in the brain, and discuss how actomyosin signaling contributes to dysfunction of neurons and glial cells in the context of neurological disorders. This knowledge is relevant for a deep understanding of NMIIs on the pathogenesis and therapeutics of neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative diseases.
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25
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Jin Y, Blikslager AT. The Regulation of Intestinal Mucosal Barrier by Myosin Light Chain Kinase/Rho Kinases. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21103550. [PMID: 32443411 PMCID: PMC7278945 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The intestinal epithelial apical junctional complex, which includes tight and adherens junctions, contributes to the intestinal barrier function via their role in regulating paracellular permeability. Myosin light chain II (MLC-2), has been shown to be a critical regulatory protein in altering paracellular permeability during gastrointestinal disorders. Previous studies have demonstrated that phosphorylation of MLC-2 is a biochemical marker for perijunctional actomyosin ring contraction, which increases paracellular permeability by regulating the apical junctional complex. The phosphorylation of MLC-2 is dominantly regulated by myosin light chain kinase- (MLCK-) and Rho-associated coiled-coil containing protein kinase- (ROCK-) mediated pathways. In this review, we aim to summarize the current state of knowledge regarding the role of MLCK- and ROCK-mediated pathways in the regulation of the intestinal barrier during normal homeostasis and digestive diseases. Additionally, we will also suggest potential therapeutic targeting of MLCK- and ROCK-associated pathways in gastrointestinal disorders that compromise the intestinal barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Younggeon Jin
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA;
| | - Anthony T. Blikslager
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Comparative Medicine Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
- Correspondence:
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26
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Trivedi DV, Nag S, Spudich A, Ruppel KM, Spudich JA. The Myosin Family of Mechanoenzymes: From Mechanisms to Therapeutic Approaches. Annu Rev Biochem 2020; 89:667-693. [PMID: 32169021 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-biochem-011520-105234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Myosins are among the most fascinating enzymes in biology. As extremely allosteric chemomechanical molecular machines, myosins are involved in myriad pivotal cellular functions and are frequently sites of mutations leading to disease phenotypes. Human β-cardiac myosin has proved to be an excellent target for small-molecule therapeutics for heart muscle diseases, and, as we describe here, other myosin family members are likely to be potentially unique targets for treating other diseases as well. The first part of this review focuses on how myosins convert the chemical energy of ATP hydrolysis into mechanical movement, followed by a description of existing therapeutic approaches to target human β-cardiac myosin. The next section focuses on the possibility of targeting nonmuscle members of the human myosin family for several diseases. We end the review by describing the roles of myosin in parasites and the therapeutic potential of targeting them to block parasitic invasion of their hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darshan V Trivedi
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA; , , .,Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Suman Nag
- MyoKardia Inc., Brisbane, California 94005, USA;
| | - Annamma Spudich
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bangalore 560-097, India;
| | - Kathleen M Ruppel
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA; , , .,Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA.,Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - James A Spudich
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA; , , .,Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
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27
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Beard RS, Hoettels BA, Meegan JE, Wertz TS, Cha BJ, Yang X, Oxford JT, Wu MH, Yuan SY. AKT2 maintains brain endothelial claudin-5 expression and selective activation of IR/AKT2/FOXO1-signaling reverses barrier dysfunction. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2020; 40:374-391. [PMID: 30574832 PMCID: PMC7370624 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x18817512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation-induced blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction and microvascular leakage are associated with a host of neurological disorders. The tight junction protein claudin-5 (CLDN5) is a crucial protein necessary for BBB integrity and maintenance. CLDN5 is negatively regulated by the transcriptional repressor FOXO1, whose activity increases during impaired insulin/AKT signaling. Owing to an incomplete understanding of the mechanisms that regulate CLDN5 expression in BBB maintenance and dysfunction, therapeutic interventions remain underdeveloped. Here, we show a novel isoform-specific function for AKT2 in maintenance of BBB integrity. We identified that AKT2 during homeostasis specifically regulates CLDN5-dependent barrier integrity in brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMVECs) and that intervention with a selective insulin-receptor (IR) agonist, demethylasterriquinone B1 (DMAQ-B1), rescued IL-1β-induced AKT2 inactivation, FOXO1 nuclear accumulation, and loss of CLDN5-dependent barrier integrity. Moreover, DMAQ-B1 attenuated preclinical CLDN5-dependent BBB dysfunction in mice subjected to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Taken together, the data suggest a regulatory role for IR/AKT2/FOXO1-signaling in CLDN5 expression and BBB integrity during neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard S Beard
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and
Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences and
Biomolecular Research Center, Boise State University, Boise, ID, USA
| | - Brian A Hoettels
- Department of Biological Sciences and
Biomolecular Research Center, Boise State University, Boise, ID, USA
| | - Jamie E Meegan
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and
Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Travis S Wertz
- Department of Biological Sciences and
Biomolecular Research Center, Boise State University, Boise, ID, USA
| | - Byeong J Cha
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and
Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Xiaoyuan Yang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and
Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Julia T Oxford
- Department of Biological Sciences and
Biomolecular Research Center, Boise State University, Boise, ID, USA
| | - Mack H Wu
- Department of Surgery, Morsani College of
Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Sarah Y Yuan
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and
Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
- Department of Surgery, Morsani College of
Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
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28
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Yamaguchi T, Shimizu K, Kokubu Y, Nishijima M, Takeda S, Ogura H, Kawabata K. Effect of heat stress on blood-brain barrier integrity in iPS cell-derived microvascular endothelial cell models. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0222113. [PMID: 31483843 PMCID: PMC6726235 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0222113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of heatstroke has been increasing. Heatstroke has been shown to affect physiological barrier functions. However, there are few studies of the effect of heat stress on the blood-brain barrier (BBB) function. In this study, we investigated the influence of heat stress on brain microvascular endothelial cells in vivo and in vitro. Heatstroke model mice administered Texas Red-dextran showed leakage outside the brain vessel walls. In addition, trans-endothelial electrical resistance (TEER) value was significantly reduced in induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cell-derived brain microvascular endothelial cells under heat stress by reducing claudin-5 expression. In addition, our results showed that the expression level of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) was increased in iPS cell-derived brain microvascular endothelial cells under heat stress. Furthermore, serum from heatstroke model mice could impair the BBB integrity of iPS cell-derived brain microvascular endothelial cells. These results suggest that BBB integrity was affected by heat stress in vivo and in vitro and provide important insights into the development of new therapeutic strategies for heatstroke patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Yamaguchi
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Regulation, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kentaro Shimizu
- Department of Traumatology and Acute Critical Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kokubu
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Regulation, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan
| | - Misae Nishijima
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Regulation, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shuko Takeda
- Department of Clinical Gene Therapy, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ogura
- Department of Traumatology and Acute Critical Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kenji Kawabata
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Regulation, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan
- Laboratory of Biomedical Innovation, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- * E-mail:
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29
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Bondan EF, Cardoso CV, Martins MDFM, Otton R. Memory impairments and increased GFAP expression in hippocampal astrocytes following hypercaloric diet in rats. ARQUIVOS DE NEURO-PSIQUIATRIA 2019; 77:601-608. [DOI: 10.1590/0004-282x20190091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Objective: Hypothalamic inflammation and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) overexpression in astrocytes are well described in obese animals, as are some cognitive and memory deficits. As the hippocampus plays important roles in the consolidation of information, this investigation aimed to observe the memory function and the astrocyte expression of GFAP in the hippocampus of rats that received either a hypercaloric or a normocaloric diet. Methods: Adult male Wistar rats received a high-fat (cafeteria) or a standard diet for 60 days. On the 61st day, the rats were submitted to the novel object recognition (NOR) test at three and 24 hours after the first contact with objects, to assess short-term and long-term memory, respectively. Thereafter, the rats were euthanized and their brains were collected for GFAP immunohistochemical investigation in the hippocampus (CA1, CA2, CA3 areas) and hypothalamus (periventricular and arcuate nuclei). Astrocytic reactivity was assessed by morphometry. Different white adipose tissue depots and brown adipose tissue were weighed to calculate the adiposity index. Results: The hypercaloric diet increased body weight gain, adiposity index, white adipose tissue weight (epididymal, subcutaneous and retroperitoneal) and brown adipose tissue weight. Rats fed with the hypercaloric diet showed short-term and long-term memory impairments in the NOR test, as well as increased GFAP expression in astrocytes from all analyzed hypothalamic and hippocampal areas. Conclusion: This astrogliosis suggests that the neuroinflammatory response also occurs in the hippocampus and may be involved in the memory losses observed in obese/overweight animals.
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30
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Jiang H, Ruan Z, Wang Z, Wu B, Gao Z, Ye X, Lu X. Simvastatin reduces atherosclerotic plaques and endothelial inflammatory response in atherosclerosis rats through TGF-β/Smad pathway. Minerva Med 2019; 111:504-507. [PMID: 31295982 DOI: 10.23736/s0026-4806.19.06119-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haibo Jiang
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhaoyang Ruan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zirong Wang
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bin Wu
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhongming Gao
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaojun Ye
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaodong Lu
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China -
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31
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Braun DJ, Bachstetter AD, Sudduth TL, Wilcock DM, Watterson DM, Van Eldik LJ. Genetic knockout of myosin light chain kinase (MLCK210) prevents cerebral microhemorrhages and attenuates neuroinflammation in a mouse model of vascular cognitive impairment and dementia. GeroScience 2019; 41:671-679. [PMID: 31104189 PMCID: PMC6885026 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-019-00072-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is critical in maintenance of brain homeostasis, and loss of its functional integrity is a key feature across a broad range of neurological insults. This includes both acute injuries such as traumatic brain injury and stroke, as well as more chronic pathologies associated with aging, such as vascular cognitive impairment and dementia (VCID). A specific form of myosin light chain kinase (MLCK210) is a major regulator of barrier integrity in general, including the BBB. Studies have demonstrated the potential of MLCK210 as a therapeutic target for peripheral disorders involving tissue barrier dysfunction, but less is known about its potential as a target for chronic neurologic disorders. We report here that genetic knockout (KO) of MLCK210 protects against cerebral microhemorrhages and neuroinflammation induced by chronic dietary hyperhomocysteinemia. Overall, the results are consistent with an accumulating body of evidence supporting MLCK210 as a potential therapeutic target for tissue barrier dysfunction and specifically implicate it in BBB dysfunction and neuroinflammation in a model of VCID.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Braun
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, 101 Sanders-Brown Bldg., 800 S. Limestone Street, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Adam D Bachstetter
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, 101 Sanders-Brown Bldg., 800 S. Limestone Street, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Tiffany L Sudduth
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, 101 Sanders-Brown Bldg., 800 S. Limestone Street, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Donna M Wilcock
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, 101 Sanders-Brown Bldg., 800 S. Limestone Street, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - D Martin Watterson
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Linda J Van Eldik
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, 101 Sanders-Brown Bldg., 800 S. Limestone Street, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA.
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA.
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA.
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32
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Jannaway M, Yang X, Meegan JE, Coleman DC, Yuan SY. Thrombin-cleaved syndecan-3/-4 ectodomain fragments mediate endothelial barrier dysfunction. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0214737. [PMID: 31091226 PMCID: PMC6519803 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0214737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The endothelial glycocalyx constitutes part of the endothelial barrier but its degradation leaves endothelial cells exposed to transmigrating cells and circulating mediators that can damage the barrier or promote intercellular gaps. Syndecan proteins are key components of the endothelial glycocalyx and are shed during disease states where expression and activity of proteases such as thrombin are elevated. We tested the ability of thrombin to cleave the ectodomains of syndecans and whether the products could act directly on endothelial cells to alter barrier function. Approach and results Using transmission electron microscopy, we illustrated the presence of glycocalyx in human lung microvasculature. We confirmed expression of all syndecan subtypes on the endothelial surface of agarose-inflated human lungs. ELISA and western blot analysis suggested that thrombin can cleave syndecan-3/-4 ectodomains to produce fragments. In vivo, syndecan-3 ectodomain fragments increased extravasation of albumin-bound Evans blue in mouse lung, indicative of plasma protein leakage into the surrounding tissue. Syndecan-3/-4 ectodomain fragments decreased transendothelial electrical resistance, a measure of cell-cell adhesive barrier integrity, in a manner sensitive to a Rho kinase inhibitor. These effects were independent of glycosylation and thrombin receptor PAR1. Moreover, these cleavage products caused rapid VE-cadherin-based adherens junction disorganization and increased F-actin stress fibers, supporting their direct effect on endothelial paracellular permeability. Conclusions We suggest that thrombin can cleave syndecan-3/4 ectodomain into fragments which interact with endothelial cells causing paracellular hyperpermeability. This may have important implications in the pathogenesis of vascular dysfunction during sepsis or thrombotic disease states where thrombin is activated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Jannaway
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
| | - Xiaoyuan Yang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
| | - Jamie E. Meegan
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
| | - Danielle C. Coleman
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
| | - Sarah Y. Yuan
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
- Department of Surgery, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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33
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Rincel M, Olier M, Minni A, Monchaux de Oliveira C, Matime Y, Gaultier E, Grit I, Helbling JC, Costa AM, Lépinay A, Moisan MP, Layé S, Ferrier L, Parnet P, Theodorou V, Darnaudéry M. Pharmacological restoration of gut barrier function in stressed neonates partially reverses long-term alterations associated with maternal separation. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2019; 236:1583-1596. [PMID: 31147734 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-019-05252-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Intestinal permeability plays an important role in gut-brain axis communication. Recent studies indicate that intestinal permeability increases in neonate pups during maternal separation (MS). OBJECTIVES The present study aims to determine whether pharmacological inhibition of myosin light chain kinase (MLCK), which regulates tight junction contraction and controls intestinal permeability, in stressed neonates, protects against the long-term effects of MS. METHODS Male Wistar rats were exposed to MS (3 h per day from post-natal day (PND)2 to PND14) or left undisturbed and received daily intraperitoneal injection of a MLCK inhibitor (ML-7, 5 mg/kg) or vehicle during the same period. At adulthood, emotional behaviors, corticosterone response to stress, and gut microbiota composition were analyzed. RESULTS ML-7 restored gut barrier function in MS rats specifically during the neonatal period. Remarkably, ML-7 prevented MS-induced sexual reward-seeking impairment and reversed the alteration of corticosterone response to stress at adulthood. The effects of ML-7 were accompanied by the normalization of the abundance of members of Lachnospiraceae, Clostridiales, Desulfovibrio, Bacteroidales, Enterorhabdus, and Bifidobacterium in the feces of MS rats at adulthood. CONCLUSIONS Altogether, our work suggests that improvement of intestinal barrier defects during development may alleviate some of the long-term effects of early-life stress and provides new insight on brain-gut axis communication in a context of stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Rincel
- Univ. Bordeaux, INRA, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, UMR 1286, 33076, Bordeaux, France
| | - Maïwenn Olier
- Laboratoire Toxalim, UMR 1331, University of Toulouse III (UPS), INP-EI-Purpan, INRA, Toulouse, France
| | - Amandine Minni
- Univ. Bordeaux, INRA, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, UMR 1286, 33076, Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Yann Matime
- Univ. Bordeaux, INRA, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, UMR 1286, 33076, Bordeaux, France
| | - Eric Gaultier
- Laboratoire Toxalim, UMR 1331, University of Toulouse III (UPS), INP-EI-Purpan, INRA, Toulouse, France
| | - Isabelle Grit
- UMR 1280, Institut des maladies de l'appareil digestif, PhAN, INRA, University of Nantes, Nantes, France
| | | | - Anna Maria Costa
- Univ. Bordeaux, INRA, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, UMR 1286, 33076, Bordeaux, France
| | - Amandine Lépinay
- Univ. Bordeaux, INRA, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, UMR 1286, 33076, Bordeaux, France
| | - Marie-Pierre Moisan
- Univ. Bordeaux, INRA, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, UMR 1286, 33076, Bordeaux, France
| | - Sophie Layé
- Univ. Bordeaux, INRA, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, UMR 1286, 33076, Bordeaux, France
| | - Laurent Ferrier
- Laboratoire Toxalim, UMR 1331, University of Toulouse III (UPS), INP-EI-Purpan, INRA, Toulouse, France
| | - Patricia Parnet
- UMR 1280, Institut des maladies de l'appareil digestif, PhAN, INRA, University of Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Vassilia Theodorou
- Laboratoire Toxalim, UMR 1331, University of Toulouse III (UPS), INP-EI-Purpan, INRA, Toulouse, France
| | - Muriel Darnaudéry
- Univ. Bordeaux, INRA, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, UMR 1286, 33076, Bordeaux, France.
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Li F, Geng X, Yip J, Ding Y. Therapeutic Target and Cell-signal Communication of Chlorpromazine and Promethazine in Attenuating Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption after Ischemic Stroke. Cell Transplant 2018; 28:145-156. [PMID: 30569751 PMCID: PMC6362522 DOI: 10.1177/0963689718819443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke destroys blood–brain barrier (BBB) integrity. There are currently no effective treatments available in the clinical setting. Post-ischemia treatment with phenothiazine drugs [combined chlorpromazine and promethazine (C+P)] has been shown to be neuroprotective in stroke. The present study determined the effect of C+P in BBB integrity. Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into the following groups (n=8 each): (1) stroke, (2) stroke treated by C+P with temperature control, and (3) stroke treated by C+P without temperature control. Infarct volume and neurological deficits were measured to assess the neuroprotective effect of C+P. BBB permeability was determined by brain edema and Evans blue leakage. Expression of BBB integral molecules, including proteins of aquaporin-4 and -9 (AQP-4, AQP-9), matrix metalloproteinase-2 and -9 (MMP-2, MMP-9), zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1), claudin-1/5, occludin, and laminin were determined by Western blot. Stroke caused brain infarction and neurological deficits, as well as BBB damage, which were all attenuated by C+P through drug-induced hypothermia. When the reduced temperature was controlled to physiological levels, C+P still conferred neuroprotection, suggesting a therapeutic effect independent of hypothermia. Furthermore, C+P significantly attenuated the increase in AQP-4, AQP-9, MMP-2, and MMP-9 levels after stroke, and reversed the decrease in tight junction protein (ZO-1, claudin-1/5, occludin) and basal laminar protein (laminin) levels. This study clearly indicates a beneficial effect of C+P on BBB integrity after stroke, which may be independent of drug-induced hypothermia. These findings further prove the clinical target and cell-signal communication of C+P treatment, which may direct us closer toward the development of an efficacious neuroprotective therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengwu Li
- 1 China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaokun Geng
- 1 China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,2 Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA.,3 Department of Neurology, Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - James Yip
- 2 Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Yuchuan Ding
- 1 China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,2 Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
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Abstract
The hypothalamus is the brain region responsible for the maintenance of energetic homeostasis. The regulation of this process arises from the ability of the hypothalamus to orchestrate complex physiological responses such as food intake and energy expenditure, circadian rhythm, stress response, and fertility. Metabolic alterations such as obesity can compromise these hypothalamic regulatory functions. Alterations in circadian rhythm, stress response, and fertility further contribute to aggravate the metabolic dysfunction of obesity and contribute to the development of chronic disorders such as depression and infertility.At cellular level, obesity caused by overnutrition can damage the hypothalamus promoting inflammation and impairing hypothalamic neurogenesis. Furthermore, hypothalamic neurons suffer apoptosis and impairment in synaptic plasticity that can compromise the proper functioning of the hypothalamus. Several factors contribute to these phenomena such as ER stress, oxidative stress, and impairments in autophagy. All these observations occur at the same time and it is still difficult to discern whether inflammatory processes are the main drivers of these cellular dysfunctions or if the hypothalamic hormone resistance (insulin, leptin, and ghrelin) can be pinpointed as the source of several of these events.Understanding the mechanisms that underlie the pathophysiology of obesity in the hypothalamus is crucial for the development of strategies that can prevent or attenuate the deleterious effects of obesity.
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Labus J, Wöltje K, Stolte KN, Häckel S, Kim KS, Hildmann A, Danker K. IL-1β promotes transendothelial migration of PBMCs by upregulation of the FN/α 5β 1 signalling pathway in immortalised human brain microvascular endothelial cells. Exp Cell Res 2018; 373:99-111. [PMID: 30342992 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2018.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Revised: 09/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is often associated with pathological changes in the function of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) caused by disassembly of tight and adherens junctions that under physiological conditions are important for the maintenance of the BBB integrity. Consequently, in inflammation the BBB becomes dysfunctional, facilitating leukocyte traversal of the barrier and accumulation of immune cells within the brain. The extracellular matrix (ECM) also contributes to BBB integrity but the significance of the main ECM receptors, the β1 integrins also expressed on endothelial cells, is less well understood. To evaluate whether β1 integrin function is affected during inflammation and impacts barrier function, we used a transformed human brain microvascular endothelial cell (THBMEC)-based Interleukin 1β (IL-1β)-induced inflammatory in vitro BBB model. We demonstrate that IL-1β increases cell-matrix adhesion and induces a redistribution of active β1 integrins to the basal surface. In particular, binding of α5β1 integrin to its ligand fibronectin is enhanced and α5β1 integrin-dependent signalling is upregulated. Additionally, localisation of the tight junction protein claudin-5 is altered. Blockade of the α5β1 integrin reduces the IL-1β-induced transendothelial migration of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). These data imply that IL-1β-induced inflammation not only destabilizes tight junctions but also increases α5β1 integrin-dependent cell-matrix adhesion to fibronectin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josephine Labus
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Biochemistry, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Kerstin Wöltje
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Biochemistry, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Kim Natalie Stolte
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Biochemistry, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sonja Häckel
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Biochemistry, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Kwang Sik Kim
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 200 North Wolfe Street, 21287 Baltimore, USA
| | - Annette Hildmann
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Biochemistry, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Kerstin Danker
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Biochemistry, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
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Alves NG, Yuan SY, Breslin JW. Sphingosine-1-phosphate protects against brain microvascular endothelial junctional protein disorganization and barrier dysfunction caused by alcohol. Microcirculation 2018; 26:e12506. [PMID: 30281888 DOI: 10.1111/micc.12506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE S1P has known endothelial barrier-protective properties, but whether this extends to the BBB is unclear. We hypothesized that alcohol-induced disruption of brain microvascular endothelial barrier function and junctional protein organization can be ameliorated by S1P treatment. METHODS Cultured primary HBMEC monolayers were used to characterize endothelial-specific mechanisms of BBB regulation. TER and apparent permeability coefficients for albumin, dextran-4 kDa, and sodium fluorescein were used as indices of barrier function. Junctional localization of Claudin-5, VE-cadherin, and β-catenin was determined by immunofluorescence confocal microscopy. S1P was applied following treatment with alcohol. RESULTS Alcohol significantly impaired HBMEC TER. Application of S1P after alcohol treatment resulted in a hastened recovery to the baseline HBMEC TER. Alcohol-treated HBMEC had a significantly higher mean permeability than control that was reversed by S1P. Alcohol caused the formation of gaps between cells. Treatment with S1P (after alcohol) increased junctional localization of VE-Cadherin, Claudin-5, and β-catenin. CONCLUSIONS Alcohol impairs the barrier function and junctional organization of HBMEC monolayers. S1P enhanced barrier function and restored junctions in the presence of alcohol, and thus may be useful for restoring BBB function during alcohol intoxication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natascha G Alves
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
| | - Sarah Y Yuan
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
| | - Jerome W Breslin
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
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Endothelial Protrusions in Junctional Integrity and Barrier Function. CURRENT TOPICS IN MEMBRANES 2018; 82:93-140. [PMID: 30360784 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctm.2018.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial cells of the microcirculation form a semi-permeable diffusion barrier between the blood and tissues. This permeability of the endothelium, particularly in the capillaries and postcapillary venules, is a normal physiological function needed for blood-tissue exchange in the microcirculation. During inflammation, microvascular permeability increases dramatically and can lead to tissue edema, which in turn can lead to dysfunction of tissues and organs. The molecular mechanisms that control the barrier function of endothelial cells have been under investigation for several decades and remain an important topic due to the potential for discovery of novel therapeutic strategies to reduce edema. This review highlights current knowledge of the cellular and molecular mechanisms that lead to endothelial hyperpermeability during inflammatory conditions associated with injury and disease. This includes a discussion of recent findings demonstrating temporal protrusions by endothelial cells that may contribute to intercellular junction integrity between endothelial cells and affect the diffusion distance for solutes via the paracellular pathway.
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Xu T, Dong Z, Wang X, Qi S, Li X, Cheng R, Liu X, Zhang Y, Gao M. IL‐1β induces increased tight junction permeability in bovine mammary epithelial cells via the IL‐1β‐ERK1/2‐MLCK axis upon blood‐milk barrier damage. J Cell Biochem 2018; 119:9028-9041. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tong Xu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University Yangling China
| | - Zhijian Dong
- CT/MR Department Yangling Demonstration Zone Hospital Yangling China
| | - Xixi Wang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University Yangling China
| | - Shaopei Qi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University Yangling China
| | - Xueru Li
- Department of Veterinary Medicine College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University Yangling China
| | - Rui Cheng
- Department of Veterinary Medicine College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University Yangling China
| | - Xu Liu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University Yangling China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University Yangling China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University Yangling China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University Yangling China
| | - Ming‐Qing Gao
- Department of Veterinary Medicine College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University Yangling China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University Yangling China
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Morini MF, Giampietro C, Corada M, Pisati F, Lavarone E, Cunha SI, Conze LL, O'Reilly N, Joshi D, Kjaer S, George R, Nye E, Ma A, Jin J, Mitter R, Lupia M, Cavallaro U, Pasini D, Calado DP, Dejana E, Taddei A. VE-Cadherin-Mediated Epigenetic Regulation of Endothelial Gene Expression. Circ Res 2018; 122:231-245. [PMID: 29233846 PMCID: PMC5771688 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.117.312392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE The mechanistic foundation of vascular maturation is still largely unknown. Several human pathologies are characterized by deregulated angiogenesis and unstable blood vessels. Solid tumors, for instance, get their nourishment from newly formed structurally abnormal vessels which present wide and irregular interendothelial junctions. Expression and clustering of the main endothelial-specific adherens junction protein, VEC (vascular endothelial cadherin), upregulate genes with key roles in endothelial differentiation and stability. OBJECTIVE We aim at understanding the molecular mechanisms through which VEC triggers the expression of a set of genes involved in endothelial differentiation and vascular stabilization. METHODS AND RESULTS We compared a VEC-null cell line with the same line reconstituted with VEC wild-type cDNA. VEC expression and clustering upregulated endothelial-specific genes with key roles in vascular stabilization including claudin-5, vascular endothelial-protein tyrosine phosphatase (VE-PTP), and von Willebrand factor (vWf). Mechanistically, VEC exerts this effect by inhibiting polycomb protein activity on the specific gene promoters. This is achieved by preventing nuclear translocation of FoxO1 (Forkhead box protein O1) and β-catenin, which contribute to PRC2 (polycomb repressive complex-2) binding to promoter regions of claudin-5, VE-PTP, and vWf. VEC/β-catenin complex also sequesters a core subunit of PRC2 (Ezh2 [enhancer of zeste homolog 2]) at the cell membrane, preventing its nuclear translocation. Inhibition of Ezh2/VEC association increases Ezh2 recruitment to claudin-5, VE-PTP, and vWf promoters, causing gene downregulation. RNA sequencing comparison of VEC-null and VEC-positive cells suggested a more general role of VEC in activating endothelial genes and triggering a vascular stability-related gene expression program. In pathological angiogenesis of human ovarian carcinomas, reduced VEC expression paralleled decreased levels of claudin-5 and VE-PTP. CONCLUSIONS These data extend the knowledge of polycomb-mediated regulation of gene expression to endothelial cell differentiation and vessel maturation. The identified mechanism opens novel therapeutic opportunities to modulate endothelial gene expression and induce vascular normalization through pharmacological inhibition of the polycomb-mediated repression system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco F Morini
- From the IFOM, FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy (M.F.M., C.G., M.C., F.P., E.D., A.T.); Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Switzerland (M.F.M.); Laboratory of Thermodynamics in Emerging Technologies, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Switzerland (C.G.); Cogentech, Milan, Italy (F.P.); Department of Experimental Oncology (E.L., D.P.) and Unit of Gynecological Oncology Research (M.L., U.C.), European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy; Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Sweden (S.I.C., L.L.C., E.D.); Peptide Chemistry (N.O., D.J.), Structural Biology (S.K., R.G.), Experimental Histopathology (E.N.), Bioinformatics & Biostatistics Department (R.M.), and Immunity and Cancer Laboratory (D.P.C., A.T.), The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom; Center for Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Departments of Pharmacological Sciences and Oncological Sciences, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (A.M., J.J.); and Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Italy (E.D.)
| | - Costanza Giampietro
- From the IFOM, FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy (M.F.M., C.G., M.C., F.P., E.D., A.T.); Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Switzerland (M.F.M.); Laboratory of Thermodynamics in Emerging Technologies, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Switzerland (C.G.); Cogentech, Milan, Italy (F.P.); Department of Experimental Oncology (E.L., D.P.) and Unit of Gynecological Oncology Research (M.L., U.C.), European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy; Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Sweden (S.I.C., L.L.C., E.D.); Peptide Chemistry (N.O., D.J.), Structural Biology (S.K., R.G.), Experimental Histopathology (E.N.), Bioinformatics & Biostatistics Department (R.M.), and Immunity and Cancer Laboratory (D.P.C., A.T.), The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom; Center for Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Departments of Pharmacological Sciences and Oncological Sciences, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (A.M., J.J.); and Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Italy (E.D.)
| | - Monica Corada
- From the IFOM, FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy (M.F.M., C.G., M.C., F.P., E.D., A.T.); Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Switzerland (M.F.M.); Laboratory of Thermodynamics in Emerging Technologies, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Switzerland (C.G.); Cogentech, Milan, Italy (F.P.); Department of Experimental Oncology (E.L., D.P.) and Unit of Gynecological Oncology Research (M.L., U.C.), European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy; Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Sweden (S.I.C., L.L.C., E.D.); Peptide Chemistry (N.O., D.J.), Structural Biology (S.K., R.G.), Experimental Histopathology (E.N.), Bioinformatics & Biostatistics Department (R.M.), and Immunity and Cancer Laboratory (D.P.C., A.T.), The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom; Center for Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Departments of Pharmacological Sciences and Oncological Sciences, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (A.M., J.J.); and Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Italy (E.D.)
| | - Federica Pisati
- From the IFOM, FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy (M.F.M., C.G., M.C., F.P., E.D., A.T.); Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Switzerland (M.F.M.); Laboratory of Thermodynamics in Emerging Technologies, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Switzerland (C.G.); Cogentech, Milan, Italy (F.P.); Department of Experimental Oncology (E.L., D.P.) and Unit of Gynecological Oncology Research (M.L., U.C.), European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy; Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Sweden (S.I.C., L.L.C., E.D.); Peptide Chemistry (N.O., D.J.), Structural Biology (S.K., R.G.), Experimental Histopathology (E.N.), Bioinformatics & Biostatistics Department (R.M.), and Immunity and Cancer Laboratory (D.P.C., A.T.), The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom; Center for Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Departments of Pharmacological Sciences and Oncological Sciences, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (A.M., J.J.); and Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Italy (E.D.)
| | - Elisa Lavarone
- From the IFOM, FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy (M.F.M., C.G., M.C., F.P., E.D., A.T.); Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Switzerland (M.F.M.); Laboratory of Thermodynamics in Emerging Technologies, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Switzerland (C.G.); Cogentech, Milan, Italy (F.P.); Department of Experimental Oncology (E.L., D.P.) and Unit of Gynecological Oncology Research (M.L., U.C.), European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy; Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Sweden (S.I.C., L.L.C., E.D.); Peptide Chemistry (N.O., D.J.), Structural Biology (S.K., R.G.), Experimental Histopathology (E.N.), Bioinformatics & Biostatistics Department (R.M.), and Immunity and Cancer Laboratory (D.P.C., A.T.), The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom; Center for Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Departments of Pharmacological Sciences and Oncological Sciences, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (A.M., J.J.); and Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Italy (E.D.)
| | - Sara I Cunha
- From the IFOM, FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy (M.F.M., C.G., M.C., F.P., E.D., A.T.); Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Switzerland (M.F.M.); Laboratory of Thermodynamics in Emerging Technologies, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Switzerland (C.G.); Cogentech, Milan, Italy (F.P.); Department of Experimental Oncology (E.L., D.P.) and Unit of Gynecological Oncology Research (M.L., U.C.), European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy; Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Sweden (S.I.C., L.L.C., E.D.); Peptide Chemistry (N.O., D.J.), Structural Biology (S.K., R.G.), Experimental Histopathology (E.N.), Bioinformatics & Biostatistics Department (R.M.), and Immunity and Cancer Laboratory (D.P.C., A.T.), The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom; Center for Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Departments of Pharmacological Sciences and Oncological Sciences, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (A.M., J.J.); and Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Italy (E.D.)
| | - Lei L Conze
- From the IFOM, FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy (M.F.M., C.G., M.C., F.P., E.D., A.T.); Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Switzerland (M.F.M.); Laboratory of Thermodynamics in Emerging Technologies, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Switzerland (C.G.); Cogentech, Milan, Italy (F.P.); Department of Experimental Oncology (E.L., D.P.) and Unit of Gynecological Oncology Research (M.L., U.C.), European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy; Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Sweden (S.I.C., L.L.C., E.D.); Peptide Chemistry (N.O., D.J.), Structural Biology (S.K., R.G.), Experimental Histopathology (E.N.), Bioinformatics & Biostatistics Department (R.M.), and Immunity and Cancer Laboratory (D.P.C., A.T.), The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom; Center for Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Departments of Pharmacological Sciences and Oncological Sciences, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (A.M., J.J.); and Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Italy (E.D.)
| | - Nicola O'Reilly
- From the IFOM, FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy (M.F.M., C.G., M.C., F.P., E.D., A.T.); Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Switzerland (M.F.M.); Laboratory of Thermodynamics in Emerging Technologies, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Switzerland (C.G.); Cogentech, Milan, Italy (F.P.); Department of Experimental Oncology (E.L., D.P.) and Unit of Gynecological Oncology Research (M.L., U.C.), European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy; Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Sweden (S.I.C., L.L.C., E.D.); Peptide Chemistry (N.O., D.J.), Structural Biology (S.K., R.G.), Experimental Histopathology (E.N.), Bioinformatics & Biostatistics Department (R.M.), and Immunity and Cancer Laboratory (D.P.C., A.T.), The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom; Center for Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Departments of Pharmacological Sciences and Oncological Sciences, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (A.M., J.J.); and Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Italy (E.D.)
| | - Dhira Joshi
- From the IFOM, FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy (M.F.M., C.G., M.C., F.P., E.D., A.T.); Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Switzerland (M.F.M.); Laboratory of Thermodynamics in Emerging Technologies, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Switzerland (C.G.); Cogentech, Milan, Italy (F.P.); Department of Experimental Oncology (E.L., D.P.) and Unit of Gynecological Oncology Research (M.L., U.C.), European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy; Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Sweden (S.I.C., L.L.C., E.D.); Peptide Chemistry (N.O., D.J.), Structural Biology (S.K., R.G.), Experimental Histopathology (E.N.), Bioinformatics & Biostatistics Department (R.M.), and Immunity and Cancer Laboratory (D.P.C., A.T.), The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom; Center for Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Departments of Pharmacological Sciences and Oncological Sciences, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (A.M., J.J.); and Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Italy (E.D.)
| | - Svend Kjaer
- From the IFOM, FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy (M.F.M., C.G., M.C., F.P., E.D., A.T.); Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Switzerland (M.F.M.); Laboratory of Thermodynamics in Emerging Technologies, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Switzerland (C.G.); Cogentech, Milan, Italy (F.P.); Department of Experimental Oncology (E.L., D.P.) and Unit of Gynecological Oncology Research (M.L., U.C.), European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy; Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Sweden (S.I.C., L.L.C., E.D.); Peptide Chemistry (N.O., D.J.), Structural Biology (S.K., R.G.), Experimental Histopathology (E.N.), Bioinformatics & Biostatistics Department (R.M.), and Immunity and Cancer Laboratory (D.P.C., A.T.), The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom; Center for Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Departments of Pharmacological Sciences and Oncological Sciences, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (A.M., J.J.); and Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Italy (E.D.)
| | - Roger George
- From the IFOM, FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy (M.F.M., C.G., M.C., F.P., E.D., A.T.); Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Switzerland (M.F.M.); Laboratory of Thermodynamics in Emerging Technologies, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Switzerland (C.G.); Cogentech, Milan, Italy (F.P.); Department of Experimental Oncology (E.L., D.P.) and Unit of Gynecological Oncology Research (M.L., U.C.), European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy; Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Sweden (S.I.C., L.L.C., E.D.); Peptide Chemistry (N.O., D.J.), Structural Biology (S.K., R.G.), Experimental Histopathology (E.N.), Bioinformatics & Biostatistics Department (R.M.), and Immunity and Cancer Laboratory (D.P.C., A.T.), The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom; Center for Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Departments of Pharmacological Sciences and Oncological Sciences, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (A.M., J.J.); and Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Italy (E.D.)
| | - Emma Nye
- From the IFOM, FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy (M.F.M., C.G., M.C., F.P., E.D., A.T.); Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Switzerland (M.F.M.); Laboratory of Thermodynamics in Emerging Technologies, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Switzerland (C.G.); Cogentech, Milan, Italy (F.P.); Department of Experimental Oncology (E.L., D.P.) and Unit of Gynecological Oncology Research (M.L., U.C.), European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy; Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Sweden (S.I.C., L.L.C., E.D.); Peptide Chemistry (N.O., D.J.), Structural Biology (S.K., R.G.), Experimental Histopathology (E.N.), Bioinformatics & Biostatistics Department (R.M.), and Immunity and Cancer Laboratory (D.P.C., A.T.), The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom; Center for Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Departments of Pharmacological Sciences and Oncological Sciences, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (A.M., J.J.); and Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Italy (E.D.)
| | - Anqi Ma
- From the IFOM, FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy (M.F.M., C.G., M.C., F.P., E.D., A.T.); Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Switzerland (M.F.M.); Laboratory of Thermodynamics in Emerging Technologies, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Switzerland (C.G.); Cogentech, Milan, Italy (F.P.); Department of Experimental Oncology (E.L., D.P.) and Unit of Gynecological Oncology Research (M.L., U.C.), European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy; Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Sweden (S.I.C., L.L.C., E.D.); Peptide Chemistry (N.O., D.J.), Structural Biology (S.K., R.G.), Experimental Histopathology (E.N.), Bioinformatics & Biostatistics Department (R.M.), and Immunity and Cancer Laboratory (D.P.C., A.T.), The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom; Center for Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Departments of Pharmacological Sciences and Oncological Sciences, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (A.M., J.J.); and Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Italy (E.D.)
| | - Jian Jin
- From the IFOM, FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy (M.F.M., C.G., M.C., F.P., E.D., A.T.); Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Switzerland (M.F.M.); Laboratory of Thermodynamics in Emerging Technologies, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Switzerland (C.G.); Cogentech, Milan, Italy (F.P.); Department of Experimental Oncology (E.L., D.P.) and Unit of Gynecological Oncology Research (M.L., U.C.), European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy; Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Sweden (S.I.C., L.L.C., E.D.); Peptide Chemistry (N.O., D.J.), Structural Biology (S.K., R.G.), Experimental Histopathology (E.N.), Bioinformatics & Biostatistics Department (R.M.), and Immunity and Cancer Laboratory (D.P.C., A.T.), The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom; Center for Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Departments of Pharmacological Sciences and Oncological Sciences, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (A.M., J.J.); and Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Italy (E.D.)
| | - Richard Mitter
- From the IFOM, FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy (M.F.M., C.G., M.C., F.P., E.D., A.T.); Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Switzerland (M.F.M.); Laboratory of Thermodynamics in Emerging Technologies, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Switzerland (C.G.); Cogentech, Milan, Italy (F.P.); Department of Experimental Oncology (E.L., D.P.) and Unit of Gynecological Oncology Research (M.L., U.C.), European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy; Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Sweden (S.I.C., L.L.C., E.D.); Peptide Chemistry (N.O., D.J.), Structural Biology (S.K., R.G.), Experimental Histopathology (E.N.), Bioinformatics & Biostatistics Department (R.M.), and Immunity and Cancer Laboratory (D.P.C., A.T.), The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom; Center for Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Departments of Pharmacological Sciences and Oncological Sciences, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (A.M., J.J.); and Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Italy (E.D.)
| | - Michela Lupia
- From the IFOM, FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy (M.F.M., C.G., M.C., F.P., E.D., A.T.); Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Switzerland (M.F.M.); Laboratory of Thermodynamics in Emerging Technologies, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Switzerland (C.G.); Cogentech, Milan, Italy (F.P.); Department of Experimental Oncology (E.L., D.P.) and Unit of Gynecological Oncology Research (M.L., U.C.), European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy; Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Sweden (S.I.C., L.L.C., E.D.); Peptide Chemistry (N.O., D.J.), Structural Biology (S.K., R.G.), Experimental Histopathology (E.N.), Bioinformatics & Biostatistics Department (R.M.), and Immunity and Cancer Laboratory (D.P.C., A.T.), The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom; Center for Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Departments of Pharmacological Sciences and Oncological Sciences, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (A.M., J.J.); and Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Italy (E.D.)
| | - Ugo Cavallaro
- From the IFOM, FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy (M.F.M., C.G., M.C., F.P., E.D., A.T.); Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Switzerland (M.F.M.); Laboratory of Thermodynamics in Emerging Technologies, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Switzerland (C.G.); Cogentech, Milan, Italy (F.P.); Department of Experimental Oncology (E.L., D.P.) and Unit of Gynecological Oncology Research (M.L., U.C.), European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy; Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Sweden (S.I.C., L.L.C., E.D.); Peptide Chemistry (N.O., D.J.), Structural Biology (S.K., R.G.), Experimental Histopathology (E.N.), Bioinformatics & Biostatistics Department (R.M.), and Immunity and Cancer Laboratory (D.P.C., A.T.), The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom; Center for Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Departments of Pharmacological Sciences and Oncological Sciences, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (A.M., J.J.); and Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Italy (E.D.)
| | - Diego Pasini
- From the IFOM, FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy (M.F.M., C.G., M.C., F.P., E.D., A.T.); Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Switzerland (M.F.M.); Laboratory of Thermodynamics in Emerging Technologies, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Switzerland (C.G.); Cogentech, Milan, Italy (F.P.); Department of Experimental Oncology (E.L., D.P.) and Unit of Gynecological Oncology Research (M.L., U.C.), European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy; Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Sweden (S.I.C., L.L.C., E.D.); Peptide Chemistry (N.O., D.J.), Structural Biology (S.K., R.G.), Experimental Histopathology (E.N.), Bioinformatics & Biostatistics Department (R.M.), and Immunity and Cancer Laboratory (D.P.C., A.T.), The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom; Center for Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Departments of Pharmacological Sciences and Oncological Sciences, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (A.M., J.J.); and Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Italy (E.D.)
| | - Dinis P Calado
- From the IFOM, FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy (M.F.M., C.G., M.C., F.P., E.D., A.T.); Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Switzerland (M.F.M.); Laboratory of Thermodynamics in Emerging Technologies, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Switzerland (C.G.); Cogentech, Milan, Italy (F.P.); Department of Experimental Oncology (E.L., D.P.) and Unit of Gynecological Oncology Research (M.L., U.C.), European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy; Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Sweden (S.I.C., L.L.C., E.D.); Peptide Chemistry (N.O., D.J.), Structural Biology (S.K., R.G.), Experimental Histopathology (E.N.), Bioinformatics & Biostatistics Department (R.M.), and Immunity and Cancer Laboratory (D.P.C., A.T.), The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom; Center for Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Departments of Pharmacological Sciences and Oncological Sciences, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (A.M., J.J.); and Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Italy (E.D.)
| | - Elisabetta Dejana
- From the IFOM, FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy (M.F.M., C.G., M.C., F.P., E.D., A.T.); Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Switzerland (M.F.M.); Laboratory of Thermodynamics in Emerging Technologies, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Switzerland (C.G.); Cogentech, Milan, Italy (F.P.); Department of Experimental Oncology (E.L., D.P.) and Unit of Gynecological Oncology Research (M.L., U.C.), European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy; Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Sweden (S.I.C., L.L.C., E.D.); Peptide Chemistry (N.O., D.J.), Structural Biology (S.K., R.G.), Experimental Histopathology (E.N.), Bioinformatics & Biostatistics Department (R.M.), and Immunity and Cancer Laboratory (D.P.C., A.T.), The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom; Center for Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Departments of Pharmacological Sciences and Oncological Sciences, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (A.M., J.J.); and Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Italy (E.D.).
| | - Andrea Taddei
- From the IFOM, FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy (M.F.M., C.G., M.C., F.P., E.D., A.T.); Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Switzerland (M.F.M.); Laboratory of Thermodynamics in Emerging Technologies, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Switzerland (C.G.); Cogentech, Milan, Italy (F.P.); Department of Experimental Oncology (E.L., D.P.) and Unit of Gynecological Oncology Research (M.L., U.C.), European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy; Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Sweden (S.I.C., L.L.C., E.D.); Peptide Chemistry (N.O., D.J.), Structural Biology (S.K., R.G.), Experimental Histopathology (E.N.), Bioinformatics & Biostatistics Department (R.M.), and Immunity and Cancer Laboratory (D.P.C., A.T.), The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom; Center for Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Departments of Pharmacological Sciences and Oncological Sciences, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (A.M., J.J.); and Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Italy (E.D.).
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Xiong Y, Wang C, Shi L, Wang L, Zhou Z, Chen D, Wang J, Guo H. Myosin Light Chain Kinase: A Potential Target for Treatment of Inflammatory Diseases. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:292. [PMID: 28588494 PMCID: PMC5440522 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) induces contraction of the perijunctional apical actomyosin ring in response to phosphorylation of the myosin light chain. Abnormal expression of MLCK has been observed in respiratory diseases, pancreatitis, cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and inflammatory bowel disease. The signaling pathways involved in MLCK activation and triggering of endothelial barrier dysfunction are discussed in this review. The pharmacological effects of regulating MLCK expression by inhibitors such as ML-9, ML-7, microbial products, naturally occurring products, and microRNAs are also discussed. The influence of MLCK in inflammatory diseases starts with endothelial barrier dysfunction. The effectiveness of anti-MLCK treatment may depend on alleviation of that primary pathological mechanism. This review summarizes evidence for the potential benefits of anti-MLCK agents in the treatment of inflammatory disease and the importance of avoiding treatment-related side effects, as MLCK is widely expressed in many different tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjian Xiong
- Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical UniversityDalian, China
| | - Chenou Wang
- Laboratory Animal Center, Dalian Medical UniversityDalian, China
| | - Liqiang Shi
- Laboratory Animal Center, Dalian Medical UniversityDalian, China
| | - Liang Wang
- Laboratory Animal Center, Dalian Medical UniversityDalian, China
| | - Zijuan Zhou
- Laboratory Animal Center, Dalian Medical UniversityDalian, China
| | - Dapeng Chen
- Laboratory Animal Center, Dalian Medical UniversityDalian, China
| | - Jingyu Wang
- Laboratory Animal Center, Dalian Medical UniversityDalian, China
| | - Huishu Guo
- Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical UniversityDalian, China
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42
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Jais A, Brüning JC. Hypothalamic inflammation in obesity and metabolic disease. J Clin Invest 2017; 127:24-32. [PMID: 28045396 DOI: 10.1172/jci88878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 291] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last years, hypothalamic inflammation has been linked to the development and progression of obesity and its sequelae. There is accumulating evidence that this inflammation not only impairs energy balance but also contributes to obesity-associated insulin resistance. Elevated activation of key inflammatory mediators such as JNK and IκB kinase (IKK) occurs rapidly upon consumption of a high-fat diet, even prior to significant weight gain. This activation of hypothalamic inflammatory pathways results in the uncoupling of caloric intake and energy expenditure, fostering overeating and further weight gain. In addition, these inflammatory processes contribute to obesity-associated insulin resistance and deterioration of glucose metabolism via altered neurocircuit functions. An understanding of the contributions of different neuronal and non-neuronal cell types to hypothalamic inflammatory processes, and delineation of the differences and similarities between acute and chronic activation of these inflammatory pathways, will be critical for the development of novel therapeutic strategies for the treatment of obesity and metabolic syndrome.
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Laakkonen JP, Lappalainen JP, Theelen TL, Toivanen PI, Nieminen T, Jauhiainen S, Kaikkonen MU, Sluimer JC, Ylä-Herttuala S. Differential regulation of angiogenic cellular processes and claudin-5 by histamine and VEGF via PI3K-signaling, transcription factor SNAI2 and interleukin-8. Angiogenesis 2016; 20:109-124. [DOI: 10.1007/s10456-016-9532-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Beard RS, Yang X, Meegan JE, Overstreet JW, Yang CG, Elliott JA, Reynolds JJ, Cha BJ, Pivetti CD, Mitchell DA, Wu MH, Deschenes RJ, Yuan SY. Palmitoyl acyltransferase DHHC21 mediates endothelial dysfunction in systemic inflammatory response syndrome. Nat Commun 2016; 7:12823. [PMID: 27653213 PMCID: PMC5036164 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms12823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction is a hallmark of systemic inflammatory response underlying multiple organ failure. Here we report a novel function of DHHC-containing palmitoyl acyltransferases (PATs) in mediating endothelial inflammation. Pharmacological inhibition of PATs attenuates barrier leakage and leucocyte adhesion induced by endothelial junction hyperpermeability and ICAM-1 expression during inflammation. Among 11 DHHCs detected in vascular endothelium, DHHC21 is required for barrier response. Mice with DHHC21 function deficiency (Zdhhc21dep/dep) exhibit marked resistance to injury, characterized by reduced plasma leakage, decreased leucocyte adhesion and ameliorated lung pathology, culminating in improved survival. Endothelial cells from Zdhhc21dep/dep display blunted barrier dysfunction and leucocyte adhesion, whereas leucocytes from these mice did not show altered adhesiveness. Furthermore, inflammation enhances PLCβ1 palmitoylation and signalling activity, effects significantly reduced in Zdhhc21dep/dep and rescued by DHHC21 overexpression. Likewise, overexpression of wild-type, not mutant, PLCβ1 augments barrier dysfunction. Altogether, these data suggest the involvement of DHHC21-mediated PLCβ1 palmitoylation in endothelial inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard S. Beard
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33612, USA
| | - Xiaoyuan Yang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33612, USA
| | - Jamie E. Meegan
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33612, USA
| | - Jonathan W. Overstreet
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33612, USA
| | - Clement G.Y. Yang
- Department of Surgery, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33612, USA
| | - John A. Elliott
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33612, USA
| | - Jason J. Reynolds
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33612, USA
| | - Byeong J. Cha
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33612, USA
| | - Christopher D. Pivetti
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, California 95817, USA
| | - David A. Mitchell
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33612, USA
| | - Mack H. Wu
- Department of Surgery, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33612, USA
- James A. Haley Veterans' Hospital, Tampa, Florida 33612, USA
| | - Robert J. Deschenes
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33612, USA
| | - Sarah Y. Yuan
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33612, USA
- Department of Surgery, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33612, USA
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Haines RJ, Beard RS, Chen L, Eitnier RA, Wu MH. Interleukin-1β Mediates β-Catenin-Driven Downregulation of Claudin-3 and Barrier Dysfunction in Caco2 Cells. Dig Dis Sci 2016; 61:2252-2261. [PMID: 27074920 PMCID: PMC5517031 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-016-4145-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND IL-1β is a cytokine involved in mediating epithelial barrier dysfunction in the gut. It is known that IL-1β mediates activation of non-muscle myosin light chain kinase in epithelial cells, but the precise mechanism by which epithelial barrier dysfunction is induced by IL-1β is not understood. METHODS AND RESULTS Using a Caco2 cell model, we show that the expression of the tight junction protein, claudin-3, is transcriptionally downregulated by IL-1β treatment. In addition, after assessing protein and mRNA expression, and protein localization, we show that inhibition of nmMLCK rescues IL-1β-mediated decrease in claudin-3 expression as well as junction protein redistribution. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation assays, we also show that β-catenin targeting of the claudin-3 promoter occurs as a consequence of IL-1β-mediated epithelial barrier dysfunction, and inhibition of nmMLCK interferes with this interaction. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these data represent the first line of evidence demonstrating nmMLCK regulation of claudin-3 expression in response to IL-1β-treated epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Haines
- Department of Surgery, University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd., MDC 8, Office MDC 2012, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
- James A. Haley Veterans' Hospital, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - R S Beard
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - L Chen
- Department of Surgery, University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd., MDC 8, Office MDC 2012, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - R A Eitnier
- Department of Surgery, University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd., MDC 8, Office MDC 2012, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - M H Wu
- Department of Surgery, University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd., MDC 8, Office MDC 2012, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA.
- James A. Haley Veterans' Hospital, Tampa, FL, USA.
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TNFα/IFNγ Mediated Intestinal Epithelial Barrier Dysfunction Is Attenuated by MicroRNA-93 Downregulation of PTK6 in Mouse Colonic Epithelial Cells. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0154351. [PMID: 27119373 PMCID: PMC4847919 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0154351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Since inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) represent significant morbidity and mortality in the US, the need for defining novel drug targets and inflammatory mechanisms would be of considerable benefit. Although protein tyrosine kinase 6 (PTK6, also known as breast tumor kinase BRK) has been primarily studied in an oncogenic context, it was noted that PTK6 null mice exhibited significantly enhanced colonic epithelial barrier function. Considering that the inflammatory functions of PTK6 have not yet been explored, we hypothesized that cytokines responsible for mediating IBD, such as TNFα/IFNγ, may solicit the action of PTK6 to alter barrier function. After first assessing critical mediators of TNFα/IFNγ driven epithelial barrier dysfunction, we further explored the possibility of PTK6 in this inflammatory context. In this report, we showed that PTK6 siRNA and PTK6 null young adult mouse colonic epithelial cells (YAMC) exhibited significant attenuation of TNFα/IFNγ induced barrier dysfunction as measured by electric cell-substrate impedance sensing (ECIS) assay and permeability assays. In addition, PTK6 null cells transfected with PTK6 cDNA displayed restored barrier dysfunction in response to TNFα/IFNγ, while the cells transfected with vector alone showed similar attenuation of barrier dysfunction. Furthermore, using subcellular fractionation and immunocytochemistry experiments, we found that PTK6 plays a role in FoxO1 nuclear accumulation leading to down-regulation of claudin-3, a tight junction protein. Moreover, we searched for relevant miRNA candidates putative for targeting PTK6 in order to identify and assess the impact of microRNA that target PTK6 with respect to TNFα/IFNγ induced barrier dysfunction. Subsequently, we assayed likely targets and determined their effectiveness in attenuating PTK6 expression as well as cytokine induced barrier dysfunction. Results showed that miR-93 reduced PTK6 expression and attenuated TNFα/IFNγ imposed decrease in transepithelial electrical resistance (TER), as well as excluded FoxO1 from the nucleus. Our results indicate that PTK6 may act as a novel mediator of intestinal epithelial permeability during inflammatory injury, and miR-93 may protect intestinal epithelial barrier function, at least in part, by targeting PTK6.
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Shi L, Feng L, Jiang WD, Liu Y, Jiang J, Wu P, Kuang SY, Tang L, Tang WN, Zhang YA, Zhou XQ. Immunity decreases, antioxidant system damages and tight junction changes in the intestine of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) during folic acid deficiency: Regulation of NF-κB, Nrf2 and MLCK mRNA levels. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 51:405-419. [PMID: 26968494 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2016.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Revised: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/21/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This investigation used the same growth trial as the previous study, which showed that folic acid deficiency retarded growth in young grass carp (the percent weight gain of Groups 1-6 were 102.32 ± 3.41%, 137.25 ± 10.48%, 179.78 ± 3.95%, 164.33 ± 3.21%, 143.35 ± 8.12% and 115.28 ± 2.66%) [1]. In the present study, we investigated the effects of dietary folic acid on the immune response, antioxidant status and tight junctions in the intestine of young grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). A total of 540 young grass carp were fed diets containing graded levels of folic acid at 0.10, 0.47, 1.03, 1.48, 1.88 and 3.12 mg kg(-1) diet for 8 weeks. The results indicated that acid phosphatase and lysozyme activities, and the complement component 3 content in the proximal intestine (PI), mid intestine (MI) and distal intestine (DI) were decreased with folic acid deficiency (0.1 mg kg(-1)) (P < 0.05). Folic acid deficiency (0.1 mg kg(-1)) up-regulated interleukin 1β, interleukin 8, tumor necrosis factor α, nuclear factor κB p65 (NF-κB p65), IκB kinase α (IKK-α), IKK-β and IKK-γ gene expression, meanwhile down-regulated interleukin 10, transforming growth factor β, IκB and target of rapamycin gene expression in the PI, MI and DI (P < 0.05). These data suggested that folic acid deficiency decreased fish intestinal innate immune function may be partly contributed to the regulation of NF-κB p65 pathway. Moreover, the activities and corresponding gene expression of glutathione content, Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione s-transferases and glutathione reductase in fish intestine were depressed by deficient folic acid diet (0.1 mg kg(-1)) (P < 0.05). Furthermore, folic acid deficiency (0.1 mg kg(-1)) down-regulated NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) gene expression, up-regulated Kelch-like-ECH-associated protein 1a (Keap1a) and Keap1b gene expression in fish intestine (P < 0.05). These data indicated that deficient folic acid diet damaged fish intestinal antioxidant capacity partly by regulating Nrf2/Keap1 pathway. Additionally, folic acid deficiency (0.1 mg kg(-1)) down-regulated claudin-b, claudin-c, claudin-3, occludin and zonula occludens 1 gene expression; whereas folic acid deficiency (0.1 mg kg(-1)) up-regulated claudin-12, claudin-15, myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) and p38 mitogen activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) gene expression in the PI, MI and DI (P < 0.05), suggesting that folic acid deficiency may damage fish intestinal tight junctions associated with the mediation of MLCK and p38 MAPK gene expression. In conclusion, folic acid deficiency (0.1 mg kg(-1)) impaired fish intestinal immunity, antioxidant capacity and tight junctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Shi
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Lin Feng
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Wei-Dan Jiang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Jun Jiang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Pei Wu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Sheng-Yao Kuang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Academy of Animal Science, Chengdu 610066, China
| | - Ling Tang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Academy of Animal Science, Chengdu 610066, China
| | - Wu-Neng Tang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Academy of Animal Science, Chengdu 610066, China
| | - Yong-An Zhang
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Xiao-Qiu Zhou
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
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Newell-Litwa KA, Horwitz R, Lamers ML. Non-muscle myosin II in disease: mechanisms and therapeutic opportunities. Dis Model Mech 2015; 8:1495-515. [PMID: 26542704 PMCID: PMC4728321 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.022103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The actin motor protein non-muscle myosin II (NMII) acts as a master regulator of cell morphology, with a role in several essential cellular processes, including cell migration and post-synaptic dendritic spine plasticity in neurons. NMII also generates forces that alter biochemical signaling, by driving changes in interactions between actin-associated proteins that can ultimately regulate gene transcription. In addition to its roles in normal cellular physiology, NMII has recently emerged as a critical regulator of diverse, genetically complex diseases, including neuronal disorders, cancers and vascular disease. In the context of these disorders, NMII regulatory pathways can be directly mutated or indirectly altered by disease-causing mutations. NMII regulatory pathway genes are also increasingly found in disease-associated copy-number variants, particularly in neuronal disorders such as autism and schizophrenia. Furthermore, manipulation of NMII-mediated contractility regulates stem cell pluripotency and differentiation, thus highlighting the key role of NMII-based pharmaceuticals in the clinical success of stem cell therapies. In this Review, we discuss the emerging role of NMII activity and its regulation by kinases and microRNAs in the pathogenesis and prognosis of a diverse range of diseases, including neuronal disorders, cancer and vascular disease. We also address promising clinical applications and limitations of NMII-based inhibitors in the treatment of these diseases and the development of stem-cell-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen A Newell-Litwa
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Rick Horwitz
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Marcelo L Lamers
- Department of Morphological Sciences, Institute of Basic Health Science, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul 90610-010, Brazil
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Shi L, Feng L, Jiang WD, Liu Y, Jiang J, Wu P, Zhao J, Kuang SY, Tang L, Tang WN, Zhang YA, Zhou XQ. Folic acid deficiency impairs the gill health status associated with the NF-κB, MLCK and Nrf2 signaling pathways in the gills of young grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 47:289-301. [PMID: 26381932 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2015.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Revised: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of dietary folic acid on fish growth, the immune and barrier functions of fish gills, and the potential mechanisms of these effects. Young grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) were fed diets containing graded levels of folic acid at 0.10 (basal diet), 0.47, 1.03, 1.48, 1.88 and 3.12 mg kg(-1) diet for 8 weeks. The results showed that acid phosphatase and lysozyme activities and the complement component 3 content in fish gills decreased with folic acid deficiency (P < 0.05). Folic acid deficiency up-regulated liver-expressed antimicrobial peptide 1, interleukin 1β, interleukin 8, tumor necrosis factor α, nuclear factor κB p65, IκB kinase α (IKK-α), IKK-β and IKK-γ gene expression. Folic acid deficiency down-regulated interleukin 10, transforming growth factor β, IκB and target of rapamycin gene expression in fish gills (P < 0.05). These results showed that limited folic acid decreased fish gill immune status. Furthermore, folic acid deficiency down-regulated claudin-b, claudin-c, claudin-3, occludin and zonula occludens 1 gene expression, whereas folic acid deficiency up-regulated claudin-12, claudin-15, myosin light chain kinase and p38 mitogen activated protein kinase gene expression in fish gills (P < 0.05). These results suggested that folic acid deficiency disrupted tight junction-mediated fish gill barrier function. Additionally, folic acid deficiency increased the content of reactive oxygen species, protein carbonyl and malondialdehyde (MDA); Mn superoxide dismutase activity and gene expression; and Kelch-like-ECH-associated protein 1a (Keap1a) and Keap1b gene expression (P < 0.05). Conversely, folic acid deficiency decreased Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione s-transferases and glutathione reductase activities and gene expression as well as NF-E2-related factor 2 gene expression in fish gills (P < 0.05). All of these results indicated that folic acid deficiency impaired fish gill health status via regulating gene expression of cytokines, tight junction proteins, antioxidant enzymes, NF-κB p65, MLCK and Nrf2. Based on percent weight gain, LZ activity and MDA content in the gills, the dietary folic acid requirements for young grass carp were 1.60, 2.07 and 2.08 mg kg(-1), respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Shi
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Lin Feng
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Wei-Dan Jiang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Jun Jiang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Pei Wu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Juan Zhao
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Sheng-Yao Kuang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Academy of Animal Science, Chengdu 610066, China
| | - Ling Tang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Academy of Animal Science, Chengdu 610066, China
| | - Wu-Neng Tang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Academy of Animal Science, Chengdu 610066, China
| | - Yong-An Zhang
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Xiao-Qiu Zhou
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
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Weber EW, Han F, Tauseef M, Birnbaumer L, Mehta D, Muller WA. TRPC6 is the endothelial calcium channel that regulates leukocyte transendothelial migration during the inflammatory response. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 212:1883-99. [PMID: 26392222 PMCID: PMC4612081 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20150353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Weber et al. identify TRPC6 as the calcium channel mediating the transient increase in endothelial cytosolic free calcium concentration required for transendothelial migration of leukocytes during the inflammatory response. Leukocyte transendothelial migration (TEM) is a tightly regulated, multistep process that is critical to the inflammatory response. A transient increase in endothelial cytosolic free calcium ion concentration (↑[Ca2+]i) is required for TEM. However, the mechanism by which endothelial ↑[Ca2+]i regulates TEM and the channels mediating this ↑[Ca2+]i are unknown. Buffering ↑[Ca2+]i in endothelial cells does not affect leukocyte adhesion or locomotion but selectively blocks TEM, suggesting a role for ↑[Ca2+]i specifically for this step. Transient receptor potential canonical 6 (TRPC6), a Ca2+ channel expressed in endothelial cells, colocalizes with platelet/endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (PECAM) to surround leukocytes during TEM and clusters when endothelial PECAM is engaged. Expression of dominant-negative TRPC6 or shRNA knockdown in endothelial cells arrests neutrophils apically over the junction, similar to when PECAM is blocked. Selectively activating endothelial TRPC6 rescues TEM during an ongoing PECAM blockade, indicating that TRPC6 functions downstream of PECAM. Furthermore, endothelial TRPC6 is required for trafficking of lateral border recycling compartment membrane, which facilitates TEM. Finally, mice lacking TRPC6 in the nonmyeloid compartment (i.e., endothelium) exhibit a profound defect in neutrophil TEM with no effect on leukocyte trafficking. Our findings identify endothelial TRPC6 as the calcium channel mediating the ↑[Ca2+]i required for TEM at a step downstream of PECAM homophilic interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan W Weber
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611
| | - Fei Han
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611
| | - Mohammad Tauseef
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, University of Illinois in Chicago College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Lutz Birnbaumer
- Neurobiology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709
| | - Dolly Mehta
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, University of Illinois in Chicago College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - William A Muller
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611
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