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Liu L, Pollock NJ, Contreras G, Xu Y, Thompson W. Hospitalizations and emergency department visits for self-harm in Canada during the first two years of the COVID-19 pandemic: A time series analysis. J Affect Disord 2024; 355:505-512. [PMID: 38548198 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.03.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rates of hospitalizations and emergency department (ED) visits due to self-harm are important indicators for understanding the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health. The objective of this study was to assess changes in self-harm hospitalizations and ED visits in Canada during the first two years of the pandemic. METHODS Rates of self-harm hospitalizations and ED visits during the pandemic were predicted based on regression analyses that modeled trends over a 5-year pre-pandemic period from fiscal year 2015 to 2019. The ratios of observed and model predicted (expected) rates in 2020 and 2021 were estimated separately to assess changes during the pandemic. RESULTS Overall, rates of self-harm hospitalizations and ED visits were lower than expected during the pandemic, especially in 2020. In 2021, rates for females returned to near-expected levels; but they remained lower than expected for males. Females aged 10-14 years had higher than expected rates. The rate ratio of observed rate over expected rate was 1.2 in 2020 but further increased to 1.8 in 2021 for both hospitalizations and ED visits. Higher than expected rates were also observed among females aged 15-19 years in 2021 only. LIMITATIONS Suicide attempts and non-suicidal self-harm cases could not be distinguished. CONCLUSIONS We observed lower than or close to expected rates of self-harm hospitalizations and ED visits during the pandemic for most population groups. The increased rates for young females highlights the importance of continued surveillance post-pandemic and targeted mental health services and suicide prevention programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Liu
- Centre for Surveillance and Applied Research, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Nathaniel J Pollock
- Centre for Surveillance and Applied Research, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Discipline of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
| | - Gisèle Contreras
- Centre for Surveillance and Applied Research, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yuan Xu
- Centre for Surveillance and Applied Research, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Wendy Thompson
- Centre for Surveillance and Applied Research, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Stas P, Hoorelbeke K, De Jaegere E, Pauwels K, Portzky G. Suicide risk, related factors and the impact of COVID-19 amongst suicide prevention helpline callers: A network analysis. J Affect Disord 2024; 351:372-380. [PMID: 38302063 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.01.211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic brought along many known risk factors for suicide. It is important to map out contributing and protective factors for suicide risk and examine possible changes in these associations during pandemics such as COVID-19. The current study aimed to examine how information on risk and protective factors obtained through a suicide prevention helpline is linked to the assessed suicide risk and the possible impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS Data on 9474 calls registered by operators of the suicide prevention helpline of Flanders (i.e., part of Belgium) were analysed using network analysis. Using network analyses allowed for a data-driven examination of direct and indirect pathways through which risk and protective factors are associated to perceived suicide risk. The network before and during COVID-19 were compared to examine the possible impact of the pandemic. RESULTS Our findings suggest that different vulnerability and protective factors contribute to perceived suicide risk. Experiencing a break-up, abuse, previous attempt(s), experienced difficulties with the healthcare system and availability of resources were directly and uniquely associated with perceived suicide risk before and during COVID-19. LIMITATIONS Main limitations of this study are the possible bias of operator assessment accuracy, absence of several important psychological risk factors and the use of cross-sectional data. CONCLUSIONS The current study provides insight in the effect of COVID-19 on suicidality and its risk and protective factors amongst suicide prevention helpline users, a population with high risk of suicide. Implications for suicide prevention helplines are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Stas
- Flemish Centre of Expertise in Suicide Prevention, Department of Head and Skin, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Kristof Hoorelbeke
- Department of Experimental Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Eva De Jaegere
- Flemish Centre of Expertise in Suicide Prevention, Department of Head and Skin, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kirsten Pauwels
- Flemish Centre of Expertise in Suicide Prevention, Department of Head and Skin, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Suicide Prevention Centre, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Gwendolyn Portzky
- Flemish Centre of Expertise in Suicide Prevention, Department of Head and Skin, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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Morales-Chainé S, Palafox G, Robles-García R, Arenas-Landgrave P, López-Montoya A, Félix-Romero V, Imaz-Gispert MA. Pathways of depressive symptoms to self-harm and suicide warning signs during COVID-19 pandemic: The role of anxiety and related distress, dysfunction and somatization. J Affect Disord 2024; 350:476-484. [PMID: 38199396 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.12.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early in the COVID-19 pandemic, concern about widespread waves of depression and suicide emerged worldwide. Clarity on the relationship between mental health symptoms and warning signs of current self-harm or suicide thoughts and behaviors (ShSTB) in Mexican adults could be useful for designing effective public health policies and preventive strategies during health emergencies. OBJECTIVE The present study uses a path model to explore the relationship between depressive symptoms, anxiety, and related distress, dysfunction, and somatization with ShSTB warning signs in Mexican adults during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study also describes the relative risks of these mental health variables for men and women, and for those who were seeking psychological care versus those who were not. METHOD The study was conducted with 18,449 Mexicans (M = 33 years, SD = 11.00, range = 18-59), including 12,188 women (66.10 %) and 2706 (14.67 %) who were seeking psychological care. A web-based application included two multidimensional screening scales to evaluate depression, anxiety and somatic symptoms and related distress/dysfunction, as well as past and current ShSTB. Based on the participants' sex, the entire sample was randomly divided into two sub-samples to compare and replicate the Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) results, getting evidence of the multidimensionality of the scales. With the two sub-samples, we also tested the nested models from a structural equation model (SEM) to suggest a relationship between mental health and self-harm/suicide variables. FINDINGS Our findings suggest that 31 % of participants were at risk for depression, 42.30 % for anxiety, 38.30 % for Marked Distress, Dysfunction and Somatization (MDDS), 33.30 % for at least one ShSTB, and 4.20 % for Previous Self Harm Thoughts and Behaviors (PShTB) during the COVID-19 pandemic. A greater percentage of women and participants seeking psychological care showed high levels of mental health symptoms, PShTB, MDDS, and ShSTB. The path model suggested a direct influence of PShTB and MDDS on ShSTB. Depression symptoms lead to ShSTB in three possible ways: through PShTB, PShTB affecting MDDS, and generalized anxiety affecting MDDS. DISCUSSION AND OUTLOOK The pandemic was accompanied by a high prevalence of depression-anxiety, marked distress, dysfunction and somatization and self-harm/suicide thoughts and behaviors. The findings of this study suggest evidence over the well-known association between depression and anxiety, and between depression, previous self-harm thoughts and behaviors, and self-harm/suicide. The evidence suggests to distinguish when participants were suffering from MDDS and anxious depression from those only suffering from depression. The methodological conditions of the study suggest a comprehensive model of ShSTB prevention. Findings also suggest the need to care for Mexicans with depressive symptoms and PShTB as well as those suffering from anxious depression with MDDS to prevent suicide, by implementing effective public health policies and preventive strategies to reduce the mental health gap during health emergencies. LIMITATIONS This research was a cross-sectional study, suggesting that future analyses should focus on the evaluation of its consistency with confirmed diagnoses of mental health disorders, self-harm/suicide risks, and the effect of remote psychological help to address these problems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Germán Palafox
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rebeca Robles-García
- Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría "Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz", Mexico City, Mexico
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Paterson EN, Kent L, O'Reilly D, O'Hagan D, O'Neill SM, Maguire A. Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on self-harm and self-harm/suicide ideation: population-wide data linkage study and time series analysis. Br J Psychiatry 2023; 223:509-517. [PMID: 37730688 PMCID: PMC10895516 DOI: 10.1192/bjp.2023.76] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic and associated lockdowns were predicted to have a major impact on suicidal behaviour, including self-harm. However, current studies have produced contradictory findings with limited trend data. AIMS Nine years of linked individual-level administrative data were utilised to examine changes in hospital-presenting self-harm and ideation (thoughts of self-harm or suicide) before and during the pandemic. METHOD National self-harm registry data were linked to demographic and socioeconomic indicators from healthcare registration records (n = 1 899 437). Monthly presentations of self-harm or ideation were split (pre-COVID-19 restrictions: April 2012 to February 2020; and during restrictions: March to September 2020). Auto-regressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) models were trained in R taking into consideration trends and seasonal effects. Forecast ('expected') monthly values were compared with 'actual' values, stratified by demographic factors and method of harm. RESULTS The number of individuals presenting with self-harm or ideation dropped significantly at the beginning of the pandemic (March-May 2020), before returning mostly to expected trends from June 2020. Stratified analysis showed similar presentation trends across most demographic subgroups except for those aged over 65 years, living alone or in affluent areas, where presentations remained unaffected, and those aged under 16 years, where numbers presenting with self-harm or ideation increased above expected levels. CONCLUSIONS Although population trends show an overall drop in presentations before a return to 'normal' from June 2020, the demographic profile of those presenting with self-harm or ideation varied significantly, with increases in children under the age of 16 years. This highlights important potential target groups who may have been most negatively affected by the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Euan Neil Paterson
- Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - Lisa Kent
- Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - Dermot O'Reilly
- Administrative Data Research Centre Northern Ireland (ADRC-NI), Queen's University, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | | | | | - Aideen Maguire
- Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland
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Yang Y, Zhang EL, Liu Y, Ge X, Su Z, Cheung T, Ng CH, Xiang M, Xiang YT. Network analysis of suicidality and internet addiction symptoms among Chinese primary and secondary school students. J Affect Disord 2023; 339:145-152. [PMID: 37437741 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic has increased the risk of both Internet addiction and suicide across various populations, especially among children and adolescents. This study aimed to assess the inter-relationships between Internet addiction symptoms and suicidality among primary and secondary school students from the perspective of network analysis. METHODS This was a cross-sectional, multicenter study. The Internet Addiction Test (IAT) was used to assess internet addiction symptoms. Participants were also asked about having any suicidal ideation and suicide plan. Univariate analyses and network analysis were subsequently conducted. RESULTS Altogether, 5380 primary and secondary school students participated in the study. Among them, 3161 (58.8 %, 95 % CI = 57.4 %-60.1 %) students reported having Internet addiction symptoms and 798 (14.8 %, 95 % CI = 13.9 %-15.8 %) reported having suicidal ideation or suicide plan in the past two weeks. Network analysis revealed that IAT16 ('Request an extension for longer time spent online'; node strength = 1.223) was the most central symptom in the Suicidality-Internet addiction network model, while the edge suicidality-IAT4 ('Form new relationship with online users'; edge weight = 0.055) was the strongest edge linking both communities. CONCLUSIONS Internet addiction symptoms were common among primary and secondary school students during the COVID-19 school closure period in China and were significantly associated with suicidality. Targeted strategies such as strengthening self-control, sense of belonging and connectedness may be important in reducing the risk of both suicidality and Internet addiction among primary and secondary school students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Yang
- Guangdong Mental Health Center, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Er Liang Zhang
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yujie Liu
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Ge
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhaohui Su
- School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Teris Cheung
- School of Nursing, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Chee H Ng
- Department of Psychiatry, The Melbourne Clinic and St Vincent's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Richmond, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Mi Xiang
- Ministry of Education - Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yu-Tao Xiang
- Unit of Psychiatry, Department of Public Health and Medicinal Administration, & Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China; Centre for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
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Wong BHC, Cross S, Zavaleta-Ramírez P, Bauda I, Hoffman P, Ibeziako P, Nussbaum L, Berger GE, Hassanian-Moghaddam H, Kapornai K, Mehdi T, Tolmac J, Barrett E, Romaniuk L, Davico C, Moghraby OS, Ostrauskaite G, Chakrabarti S, Carucci S, Sofi G, Hussain H, Lloyd ASK, McNicholas F, Meadowcroft B, Rao M, Csábi G, Gatica-Bahamonde G, Öğütlü H, Skouta E, Elvins R, Boege I, Dahanayake DMA, Anderluh M, Chandradasa M, Girela-Serrano BM, Uccella S, Stevanovic D, Lamberti M, Piercey A, Nagy P, Mehta VS, Rohanachandra Y, Li J, Tufan AE, Mirza H, Rozali F, Baig BJ, Noor IM, Fujita S, Gholami N, Hangül Z, Vasileva A, Salucci K, Bilaç Ö, Yektaş Ç, Cansız MA, Aksu GG, Babatunde S, Youssef F, Al-Huseini S, Kılıçaslan F, Kutuk MO, Pilecka I, Bakolis I, Ougrin D. Self-Harm in Children and Adolescents Who Presented at Emergency Units During the COVID-19 Pandemic: An International Retrospective Cohort Study. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2023; 62:998-1009. [PMID: 36806728 PMCID: PMC9933093 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2022.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare psychiatric emergencies and self-harm at emergency departments (EDs) 1 year into the pandemic, to early pandemic and pre-pandemic, and to examine the changes in the characteristics of self-harm presentations. METHOD This retrospective cohort study expanded on the Pandemic-Related Emergency Psychiatric Presentations (PREP-kids) study. Routine record data in March to April of 2019, 2020, and 2021 from 62 EDs in 25 countries were included. ED presentations made by children and adolescents for any mental health reasons were analyzed. RESULTS Altogether, 8,174 psychiatric presentations were recorded (63.5% female; mean [SD] age, 14.3 [2.6] years), 3,742 of which were self-harm presentations. Rate of psychiatric ED presentations in March to April 2021 was twice as high as in March to April 2020 (incidence rate ratio [IRR], 1.93; 95% CI, 1.60-2.33), and 50% higher than in March to April 2019 (IRR, 1.51; 95% CI, 1.25-1.81). Rate of self-harm presentations doubled between March to April 2020 and March to April 2021 (IRR, 1.98; 95% CI, 1.68-2.34), and was overall 1.7 times higher than in March to April 2019 (IRR, 1.70; 95% CI, 1.44-2.00). Comparing self-harm characteristics in March to April 2021 with March to April 2019, self-harm contributed to a higher proportion of all psychiatric presentations (odds ratio [OR], 1.30; 95% CI, 1.05-1.62), whereas female representation in self-harm presentations doubled (OR, 1.98; 95% CI, 1.45-2.72) and follow-up appointments were offered 4 times as often (OR, 4.46; 95% CI, 2.32-8.58). CONCLUSION Increased pediatric ED visits for both self-harm and psychiatric reasons were observed, suggesting potential deterioration in child mental health. Self-harm in girls possibly increased and needs to be prioritized. Clinical services should continue using follow-up appointments to support discharge from EDs. DIVERSITY & INCLUSION STATEMENT One or more of the authors of this paper self-identifies as a member of one or more historically underrepresented racial and/or ethnic groups in science. We actively worked to promote inclusion of historically underrepresented racial and/or ethnic groups in science in our author group. While citing references scientifically relevant for this work, we also actively worked to promote inclusion of historically underrepresented racial and/or ethnic groups in science in our reference list. The author list of this paper includes contributors from the location and/or community where the research was conducted who participated in the data collection, design, analysis, and/or interpretation of the work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Hoi-Ching Wong
- East London NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; King's College London, United Kingdom.
| | | | - Patricia Zavaleta-Ramírez
- Children's Psychiatric Hospital Dr. Juan N. Navarro., Servicios de Atención Psiquiatrica, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ines Bauda
- Medical University of Vienna, Vienna Austria
| | - Pamela Hoffman
- Yale Child Study Center, Child Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Patricia Ibeziako
- Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Laura Nussbaum
- Victor Babeş University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | | | - Hossein Hassanian-Moghaddam
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, and Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Tauseef Mehdi
- Berkshire Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, Berkshire, United Kingdom
| | - Jovanka Tolmac
- Harrow Child and Adolescent Mental Health Service, Central and North West London NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | - Omer S Moghraby
- King's College London, United Kingdom; South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Sara Carucci
- "A. Cao" Pediatric Hospital, "ARNAS G. Brotzu" Hospital Trust, Cagliari, Italy, and the University of Cagliari, Italy
| | - Gyula Sofi
- Heim Pál National Institute of Pediatrics, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Haseena Hussain
- Hertfordshire Partnership University NHS Foundation Trust, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Alexandra S K Lloyd
- Lister Hospital, East and North Hertfordshire NHS Trust, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
| | | | - Ben Meadowcroft
- NHS Lothian, Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Manish Rao
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Hakan Öğütlü
- Cognitive Behavioral Psychotherapies Association, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Eirini Skouta
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel Elvins
- Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Isabel Boege
- ZfP Suedwuerttemberg, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Ravensburg, Germany, and University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Marija Anderluh
- Child Psychiatry Unit, University Children's Hospital Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | | | - Sara Uccella
- DINOGMI, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy, and IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Dejan Stevanovic
- Clinic for Neurology and Psychiatry for Children and Youth, Belgrade, Serbia; Gillberg Neuropsychiatry Centre, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Marco Lamberti
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Unit, "Franz Tappeiner" Hospital, Merano, Italy
| | - Amy Piercey
- Berkshire Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, Berkshire, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Nagy
- Bethesda Children's Hospital, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Varun S Mehta
- Central Institute of Psychiatry, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
| | | | - Jie Li
- Tianjin Anding Hospital, Mental Health Center of Tianjin Medical University
| | | | | | - Farah Rozali
- NHS Lothian, Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Benjamin J Baig
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Isa M Noor
- Dr. Soeharto Heerdjan Teaching Mental Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Saori Fujita
- Tokyo Metropolitan Children's Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Narges Gholami
- Loghman-Hakim Hospital, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Anna Vasileva
- V. M. Bekhterev National Medical Research Center for Psychiatry and Neurology, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Katie Salucci
- Berkshire Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, Berkshire, United Kingdom
| | - Öznur Bilaç
- Manisa Celal Bayar University, Manisa, Turkey
| | | | | | | | | | - Fatima Youssef
- Dubai Department of Medical Education, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Salim Al-Huseini
- Psychiatry Residency Program, Oman Medical Specialty Board, Muscat, Oman
| | | | | | | | | | - Dennis Ougrin
- King's College London, United Kingdom; Queen Mary University of London
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Elsner A, Mergl R, Allgaier AK, Hegerl U. Suicide rates during and after the first COVID-19 lockdown in Germany in 2020. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0289136. [PMID: 37656723 PMCID: PMC10473467 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0289136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and of measures implemented to curb the spread of the virus on suicidal behavior has been investigated in different regions of the world, but does not yet allow to draw conclusions for Germany. Especially lockdowns might have effects on suicide rates via impact on mental disorders, changes in the choice of suicide method, a decrease in help seeking behavior, or a deterioration in the quality of medical care for people with mental disorders. The following research questions were addressed: i) did suicide rates in Germany in 2020 change during lockdown and non-lockdown periods when compared to a ten-year baseline? ii) was there a change in the proportion of suicide methods during the lockdown compared to baseline? An interrupted time-series analysis based on a linear regression was used. For the comparisons of predicted and observed suicide rates, excess suicide mortality rates (ESMR) were chosen among others. Changes in the choice of method were analyzed by comparing the rates of different methods to those at baseline. Although the mean suicide rate in 2020 was not significantly different from baseline, the weekly analysis of suicide rates revealed a significant difference (χ2 = 64.16; df = 39; p = 0.007), with some weeks showing higher and others lower rates than previous years. The effects for separate weeks were attenuated to non-significance after correction for multiple testing. Suicide mortality during the first lockdown in 2020 was significantly lower than expected (ESMR = 0.933; 95% CI: 0.890; 0.985) whereas, in the post-lockdown period, the registered suicide mortality was not significantly different from the expected one (ESMR = 1.024; 95% CI: 0.997; 1.051). During lockdown, there was a significant increase of the percentage of the suicide method categories jumping and 'other methods' and a decrease of poisoning and lying in front of a moving object. Being able to determine whether the choice of more or less lethal methods during lockdown versus non-lockdown periods partly explains this finding would require a representative assessment of attempted suicides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Elsner
- German Depression Foundation, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Roland Mergl
- Universität der Bundeswehr München, Institute of Psychology, Neubiberg, Germany
| | | | - Ulrich Hegerl
- German Depression Foundation, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University Frankfurt (Distinguished Professorship funded by Dr. Senckenbergische Stiftung), Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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Tillman G, March E, Lavender AP, Braund TA, Mesagno C. Disordered Social Media Use during COVID-19 Predicts Perceived Stress and Depression through Indirect Effects via Fear of COVID-19. Behav Sci (Basel) 2023; 13:698. [PMID: 37753976 PMCID: PMC10525189 DOI: 10.3390/bs13090698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a global threat that can have an adverse effect on an individuals' physical and mental health. Here, we investigate if disordered social media use predicts user stress and depression symptoms indirectly via fear of COVID-19. A total of 359 (timepoint 1 = 171, timepoint 2 = 188) participants were recruited via social media and snowball sampling. They completed an online survey that measured disordered social media use, fear of COVID-19, perceived stress, and depression symptomatology at two cross-sectional timepoints. We found that disordered social media use predicts depression indirectly through fear of COVID-19 at both timepoints. We also found that disordered social media use predicts perceived stress indirectly through fear of COVID-19, but only at timepoint 1. Taken together with previous research, our findings indicate that disordered social media use may lead to increased fear of COVID-19, which in turn may lead to poorer psychological wellbeing outcomes. Overall, there is evidence that the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic is affecting the physical, psychological, and emotional health of individuals worldwide. Moreover, this impact may be exacerbated by disordered use of social media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Tillman
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, Federation University Australia, Ballarat, VIC 3350, Australia; (E.M.); (A.P.L.); (C.M.)
| | - Evita March
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, Federation University Australia, Ballarat, VIC 3350, Australia; (E.M.); (A.P.L.); (C.M.)
| | - Andrew P. Lavender
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, Federation University Australia, Ballarat, VIC 3350, Australia; (E.M.); (A.P.L.); (C.M.)
| | - Taylor A. Braund
- Black Dog Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2031, Australia;
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Christopher Mesagno
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, Federation University Australia, Ballarat, VIC 3350, Australia; (E.M.); (A.P.L.); (C.M.)
- Institute for Health & Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 3011, Australia
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Luo J, Chen Z, Liu D, Li H, He S, Zeng L, Yang M, Liu Z, Xiao X, Zhang L. Methodological quality and reporting quality of COVID-19 living systematic review: a cross-sectional study. BMC Med Res Methodol 2023; 23:175. [PMID: 37525117 PMCID: PMC10388517 DOI: 10.1186/s12874-023-01980-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The main objective of this study is to evaluate the methodological quality and reporting quality of living systematic reviews (LSRs) on Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), while the secondary objective is to investigate potential factors that may influence the overall quality of COVID-19 LSRs. METHODS Six representative databases, including Medline, Excerpta Medica Database (Embase), Cochrane Library, China national knowledge infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang Database, and China Science, Technology Journal Database (VIP) were systematically searched for COVID-19 LSRs. Two authors independently screened articles, extracted data, and then assessed the methodological and reporting quality of COVID-19 LSRs using the "A Measurement Tool to Assess systematic Reviews-2" (AMSTAR-2) tool and "Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses" (PRISMA) 2020 statement, respectively. Univariate linear regression and multivariate linear regression were used to explore eight potential factors that might affect the methodological quality and reporting quality of COVID-19 LSRs. RESULTS A total of 64 COVID-19 LSRs were included. The AMSTAR-2 evaluation results revealed that the number of "yes" responses for each COVID-19 LSR was 13 ± 2.68 (mean ± standard deviation). Among them, 21.9% COVID-19 LSRs were rated as "high", 4.7% as "moderate", 23.4% as "low", and 50% as "critically low". The evaluation results of the PRISMA 2020 statement showed that the sections with poor adherence were methods, results and other information. The number of "yes" responses for each COVID-19 LSR was 21 ± 4.18 (mean ± standard deviation). The number of included studies and registration are associated with better methodological quality; the number of included studies and funding are associated with better reporting quality. CONCLUSIONS Improvement is needed in the methodological and reporting quality of COVID-19 LSRs. Researchers conducting COVID-19 LSRs should take note of the quality-related factors identified in this study to generate evidence-based evidence of higher quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiefeng Luo
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Evidence-Based Pharmacy Center, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Technical Research On Drug Products In Vitro and In Vivo Correlation, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhe Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Evidence-Based Pharmacy Center, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Technical Research On Drug Products In Vitro and In Vivo Correlation, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Evidence-Based Pharmacy Center, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Technical Research On Drug Products In Vitro and In Vivo Correlation, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hailong Li
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Evidence-Based Pharmacy Center, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Technical Research On Drug Products In Vitro and In Vivo Correlation, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Siyi He
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Evidence-Based Pharmacy Center, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Technical Research On Drug Products In Vitro and In Vivo Correlation, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Linan Zeng
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Evidence-Based Pharmacy Center, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Technical Research On Drug Products In Vitro and In Vivo Correlation, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mengting Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Evidence-Based Pharmacy Center, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Technical Research On Drug Products In Vitro and In Vivo Correlation, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zheng Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Evidence-Based Pharmacy Center, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Technical Research On Drug Products In Vitro and In Vivo Correlation, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xue Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Lingli Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
- Evidence-Based Pharmacy Center, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Technical Research On Drug Products In Vitro and In Vivo Correlation, Chengdu, China.
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW We review recent research on the epidemiology and etiology of suicide in the global context. We focus on data from low- and middle-income countries (LMIC), with the goal of highlighting findings from these under-researched, over-burdened settings. RECENT FINDINGS Prevalence of suicide in LMIC adults varies across region and country income-level, but is, on average, lower than in high-income countries. Recent gains in suicide reduction, however, have been smaller in LMIC compared to global rates. LMIC youth have much higher rates of suicide attempts than youth from high-income countries. Females as well as people with psychiatric disorders, those living with HIV, those who are LGBTQ + , and those with poor socioeconomic status are highly vulnerable populations in LMIC. Limited and low-quality data from LMIC hinder clear interpretation and comparison of results. A greater body of more rigorous research is needed to understand and prevent suicide in these settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn L Lovero
- Department of Sociomedical Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Amalio X Come
- Department of Mental Health, Ministry of Health, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Milton L Wainberg
- Department of Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute and Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | - Maria A Oquendo
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3535 Market Street, Suite 200, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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11
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Brasso C, Cisotto M, Del Favero E, Giordano B, Villari V, Rocca P. Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on major depressive disorder in acute psychiatric inpatients. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1181832. [PMID: 37303894 PMCID: PMC10249995 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1181832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The spread of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and the subsequent restrictions significantly affected mental health, especially major depressive disorder (MDD) whose incidence increased by 27.6% in 2020, after the COVID-19 outbreak. Few studies focused on the impact of the pandemic on the clinical characteristics of outpatients with MDD and even fewer on inpatients admitted for a major depressive episode (MDE). We aimed to compare the characteristics of MDD of two groups of patients admitted for an MDE before and after the pandemic outbreak and to investigate which variables are significantly related to post-lockdown hospitalizations. Methods This retrospective study included 314 patients with MDD hospitalized from January 2018 to December 2021 for an MDE (DSM-5) before (n = 154) and after (n = 160) the Italian lockdown (9th of March 2020). We compared patients' sociodemographic and clinical characteristics. The characteristics significantly different between the two groups were included in a logistic regression to identify the factors more strictly associated with post-lockdown hospitalizations. Results During post-lockdown hospitalization, we found a higher rate of severe MDE (33 patients, 21.4%, in the pre-lockdown and 55 patients, 34.4%, in the post), MDE with psychotic features (3 patients, 2.0%, in the pre-lockdown and 11 patients, 6.9%, in the post-lockdown), and suicidal ideation (42, 27.3%, in the pre-lockdown and 67, 41.9%, in the post-lockdown), with a lower proportion of patients followed by psychiatric services before admission (106 patients, 68.8%, in the pre-lockdown and 90 patients, 56.3%, in the post-lockdown) and a higher percentage of them in treatment with psychotherapy (18 patients, 11.7% in the pre-lockdown and 32, 20.0%, in the post-lockdown) and more frequent increase of the antidepressant dosage (16 patients, 10.4% in the pre-lockdown and 32 patients, 20.0% in the post-lockdown) and adoption of augmentation strategies (13 patients, 8.4%, in the pre-lockdown and 26 patients, 16.3%, in the post-lockdown) to treat the MDE. In the regression model, post-lockdown hospitalizations were significantly associated with suicidal ideation (OR = 1.86; p = 0.016) and psychotic features (OR = 4.41; p = 0.029) at admission, the increase in the antidepressant daily dose (OR = 2.45; p = 0.009), and the employment of an augmentation therapy (OR = 2.25; p = 0.029). Discussion These results showed an association between the COVID-19 pandemic and the occurrence of MDE with more severe clinical features. This might be true also for future calamities, suggesting that in these emergency contexts, patients with MDD would require more attention, resources, and intense treatments with a specific focus on suicide prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Brasso
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze “Rita Levi Montalcini, ” Università degli Studi di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Marta Cisotto
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze “Rita Levi Montalcini, ” Università degli Studi di Torino, Turin, Italy
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze e Salute Mentale, A.O.U. Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Elisa Del Favero
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze “Rita Levi Montalcini, ” Università degli Studi di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Benedetta Giordano
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze “Rita Levi Montalcini, ” Università degli Studi di Torino, Turin, Italy
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze e Salute Mentale, A.O.U. Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Villari
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze e Salute Mentale, A.O.U. Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Paola Rocca
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze “Rita Levi Montalcini, ” Università degli Studi di Torino, Turin, Italy
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze e Salute Mentale, A.O.U. Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy
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12
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Möller J, Lindholm E, Fredlund P, Vaez M, Liang Y, Laflamme L. Trends in intentional and unintentional poisonings among older adults - A national register-based study in Sweden. BMC Geriatr 2023; 23:296. [PMID: 37189030 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-023-03973-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Among older people intentional poisoning outnumber unintentional ones. While there are indications that time trends differ by poisoning intent, studies are scarce. We assessed how the annual prevalence of intentional and unintentional poisoning changed over time, overall and by demographic groups. METHODS We conducted a national open cohort study of individuals aged 50-100 years, resident in Sweden during 2005-2016. Individuals were followed up in population-based registers for their demographic and health attributes from 2006-2016. Annual prevalence of hospitalization and death by poisoning intent (unintentional vs. intentional or undetermined; ICD-10 definitions) were compiled for the categories of four demographic attributes (age, sex, marital status, and birth cohort "baby boomers"). The time trends were assessed by multinomial logistic regression with year as an independent variable. RESULTS The annual overall prevalence of hospitalization and death by intentional poisonings consistently exceeded that of unintentional poisonings. There was a significant downward trend in intentional poisonings but not in unintentional ones. This difference in trends also applied when considering men and women separately, married and unmarried people, the young-old individuals (but not the older- or oldest-old ones), and the baby boomers and non-baby boomers. The largest demographic differences within intent were found between married and unmarried people, and the smallest one between men and women. CONCLUSION As expected, the annual prevalence of intentional poisonings considerably exceed that of unintentional ones among Swedish older people. The recent trends reveal a significant reduction of intentional poisonings, consistent across a range of demographic attributes. The scope for action regarding this preventable cause of mortality and morbidity remains considerable.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Möller
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, K9 Global Folkhälsa, K9 GH, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - E Lindholm
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, K9 Global Folkhälsa, K9 GH, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - P Fredlund
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, K9 Global Folkhälsa, K9 GH, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M Vaez
- Department of Living Conditions and Lifestyles, The Public Health Agency of Sweden, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Insurance Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Y Liang
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, K9 Global Folkhälsa, K9 GH, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - L Laflamme
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, K9 Global Folkhälsa, K9 GH, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
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13
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Azevedo F, Pavlović T, Rêgo GG, Ay FC, Gjoneska B, Etienne TW, Ross RM, Schönegger P, Riaño-Moreno JC, Cichocka A, Capraro V, Cian L, Longoni C, Chan HF, Van Bavel JJ, Sjåstad H, Nezlek JB, Alfano M, Gelfand MJ, Birtel MD, Cislak A, Lockwood PL, Abts K, Agadullina E, Aruta JJB, Besharati SN, Bor A, Choma BL, Crabtree CD, Cunningham WA, De K, Ejaz W, Elbaek CT, Findor A, Flichtentrei D, Franc R, Gruber J, Gualda E, Horiuchi Y, Huynh TLD, Ibanez A, Imran MA, Israelashvili J, Jasko K, Kantorowicz J, Kantorowicz-Reznichenko E, Krouwel A, Laakasuo M, Lamm C, Leygue C, Lin MJ, Mansoor MS, Marie A, Mayiwar L, Mazepus H, McHugh C, Minda JP, Mitkidis P, Olsson A, Otterbring T, Packer DJ, Perry A, Petersen MB, Puthillam A, Rothmund T, Santamaría-García H, Schmid PC, Stoyanov D, Tewari S, Todosijević B, Tsakiris M, Tung HH, Umbres RG, Vanags E, Vlasceanu M, Vonasch A, Yucel M, Zhang Y, Abad M, Adler E, Akrawi N, Mdarhri HA, Amara H, Amodio DM, Antazo BG, Apps M, Ba MH, Barbosa S, Bastian B, Berg A, Bernal-Zárate MP, Bernstein M, Białek M, Bilancini E, Bogatyreva N, Boncinelli L, Booth JE, Borau S, Buchel O, Cameron CD, Carvalho CF, Celadin T, Cerami C, Chalise HN, Cheng X, Cockcroft K, Conway J, Córdoba-Delgado MA, Crespi C, Crouzevialle M, Cutler J, Cypryańska M, Dabrowska J, Daniels MA, Davis VH, Dayley PN, Delouvée S, Denkovski O, Dezecache G, Dhaliwal NA, Diato AB, Di Paolo R, Drosinou M, Dulleck U, Ekmanis J, Ertan AS, Farhana HH, Farkhari F, Farmer H, Fenwick A, Fidanovski K, Flew T, Fraser S, Frempong RB, Fugelsang JA, Gale J, Garcia-Navarro EB, Garladinne P, Ghajjou O, Gkinopoulos T, Gray K, Griffin SM, Gronfeldt B, Gümren M, Gurung RL, Halperin E, Harris E, Herzon V, Hruška M, Huang G, Hudecek MFC, Isler O, Jangard S, Jorgensen FJ, Kachanoff F, Kahn J, Dangol AK, Keudel O, Koppel L, Koverola M, Kubin E, Kunnari A, Kutiyski Y, Laguna OM, Leota J, Lermer E, Levy J, Levy N, Li C, Long EU, Maglić M, McCashin D, Metcalf AL, Mikloušić I, El Mimouni S, Miura A, Molina-Paredes J, Monroy-Fonseca C, Morales-Marente E, Moreau D, Muda R, Myer A, Nash K, Nesh-Nash T, Nitschke JP, Nurse MS, Ohtsubo Y, de Mello VO, O'Madagain C, Onderco M, Palacios-Galvez MS, Palomöki J, Pan Y, Papp Z, Pärnamets P, Paruzel-Czachura M, Pavlović Z, Payán-Gómez C, Perander S, Pitman MM, Prasad R, Pyrkosz-Pacyna J, Rathje S, Raza A, Rhee K, Robertson CE, Rodríguez-Pascual I, Saikkonen T, Salvador-Ginez O, Santi GC, Santiago-Tovar N, Savage D, Scheffer JA, Schultner DT, Schutte EM, Scott A, Sharma M, Sharma P, Skali A, Stadelmann D, Stafford CA, Stanojević D, Stefaniak A, Sternisko A, Stoica A, Stoyanova KK, Strickland B, Sundvall J, Thomas JP, Tinghög G, Torgler B, Traast IJ, Tucciarelli R, Tyrala M, Ungson ND, Uysal MS, Van Lange PAM, van Prooijen JW, van Rooy D, Västfjäll D, Verkoeijen P, Vieira JB, von Sikorski C, Walker AC, Watermeyer J, Wetter E, Whillans A, White K, Habib R, Willardt R, Wohl MJA, Wójcik AD, Wu K, Yamada Y, Yilmaz O, Yogeeswaran K, Ziemer CT, Zwaan RA, Boggio PS, Sampaio WM. Social and moral psychology of COVID-19 across 69 countries. Sci Data 2023; 10:272. [PMID: 37169799 PMCID: PMC10173241 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-023-02080-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has affected all domains of human life, including the economic and social fabric of societies. One of the central strategies for managing public health throughout the pandemic has been through persuasive messaging and collective behaviour change. To help scholars better understand the social and moral psychology behind public health behaviour, we present a dataset comprising of 51,404 individuals from 69 countries. This dataset was collected for the International Collaboration on Social & Moral Psychology of COVID-19 project (ICSMP COVID-19). This social science survey invited participants around the world to complete a series of moral and psychological measures and public health attitudes about COVID-19 during an early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic (between April and June 2020). The survey included seven broad categories of questions: COVID-19 beliefs and compliance behaviours; identity and social attitudes; ideology; health and well-being; moral beliefs and motivation; personality traits; and demographic variables. We report both raw and cleaned data, along with all survey materials, data visualisations, and psychometric evaluations of key variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavio Azevedo
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, England.
- Institute of Communication Science, Friedrich-Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany.
| | | | - Gabriel G Rêgo
- Social and Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Mackenzie Presbyterian University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - F Ceren Ay
- Department of Economics, Norwegian School of Economics, Bergen, Norway
- Telenor Research, Oslo, Norway
| | - Biljana Gjoneska
- Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Skopje, Republic of North Macedonia
| | - Tom W Etienne
- Kieskompas - Election Compass, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Political Science & Annenberg School for Communication, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Robert M Ross
- Department of Psychology, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Philipp Schönegger
- Department of Philosophy, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Scotland
- School of Economics and Finance, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Scotland
| | - Julián C Riaño-Moreno
- Medicine Faculty, Cooperative University of Colombia, Villavicencio, Colombia
- Department of Bioethics, El Bosque University, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | - Valerio Capraro
- Department of Economics, Middlesex University London, London, England
| | - Luca Cian
- Darden School of Business, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Chiara Longoni
- Questrom School of Business, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ho Fai Chan
- School of Economics and Finance, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Center for Behavioural Economics, Society and Technology, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Jay J Van Bavel
- Department of Psychology and Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hallgeir Sjåstad
- Department of Strategy and Management, Norwegian School of Economics, Bergen, Norway
| | - John B Nezlek
- SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Psychological Sciences, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA, USA
| | - Mark Alfano
- Department of Philosophy, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Michele J Gelfand
- Stanford Graduate School of Business, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Michèle D Birtel
- School of Human Sciences, Institute for Lifecourse Development, University of Greenwich, London, England
| | | | - Patricia L Lockwood
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, England
- Center for Human Brain Health, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, England
| | | | - Elena Agadullina
- National Research University Higher School of Economics (HSE), Moscow, Russia
| | | | | | - Alexander Bor
- Department of Political Science, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | | | | | - Koustav De
- Gatton College of Business and Economics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Waqas Ejaz
- Department of Mass Communication, National University of Science and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Andrej Findor
- Faculty of Social and Economic Sciences, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | | | - Renata Franc
- Institute of Social Sciences Ivo Pilar, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - June Gruber
- University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Estrella Gualda
- ESEIS/COIDESO [ESEIS, Social Studies and Social Intervention Research Center; COIDESO, COIDESO, Center for Research in Contemporary Thought and Innovation for Social Development], University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain
- Faculty of Social Work, University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain
| | - Yusaku Horiuchi
- Department of Government, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | | | - Agustin Ibanez
- Latin American Brain Health Institute (BrainLat), Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Santiago, Chile
- Cognitive Neuroscience Center (CNC), University of San Andrés, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Global Brain Health Institute (GBHI), University of California San Francisco (UCSF), California, US; & Trinity College Dublin (TCD), Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mostak Ahamed Imran
- Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Jacob Israelashvili
- Department of Psychology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Katarzyna Jasko
- Institute of Psychology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Jaroslaw Kantorowicz
- Institute of Security and Global Affairs, Leiden University, The Hague, Netherlands
| | | | - André Krouwel
- Department of Political Science, Vrije University (VU) Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Michael Laakasuo
- Department of Digital Humanities, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Claus Lamm
- Department of Cognition, Emotion, and Methods in Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Caroline Leygue
- School of Psychology, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ming-Jen Lin
- Department of Economics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Center for Research in Econometric Theory and Applications, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Antoine Marie
- Department of Political Science, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Lewend Mayiwar
- Department of Leadership and Organizational Behavior, BI Norwegian Business School, Oslo, Norway
| | - Honorata Mazepus
- Institute of Security and Global Affairs, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
- Faculty of Governance and Global Affairs, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Cillian McHugh
- Department of Psychology, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - John Paul Minda
- Department of Psychology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Panagiotis Mitkidis
- Department of Management, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Center for Advanced Hindsight, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Andreas Olsson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Solna, Sweden
| | - Tobias Otterbring
- Department of Management, University of Agder, Kristiansand, Norway
- Institute of Retail Economics, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Anat Perry
- Department of Psychology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | | | | | - Tobias Rothmund
- Institute of Communication Science, Friedrich-Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | | | - Petra C Schmid
- Department of Management, Technology, and Economics, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Drozdstoy Stoyanov
- Department of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, Research Institute, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Shruti Tewari
- Humanities and Social Sciences, Indian Institute of Management, Indore, India
| | | | - Manos Tsakiris
- Department of Psychology, Royal Holloway, University of London, London, England
- Center for the Politics of Feelings, School of Advanced Study, University of London, London, England
- Department of Behavioral and Cognitive Sciences, Faculty of Humanities, Education and Social Sciences, University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg
| | - Hans H Tung
- Center for Research in Econometric Theory and Applications, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Political Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Radu G Umbres
- Faculty of Political Science, National School for Political Studies and Public Administration, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Edmunds Vanags
- Department of Psychology, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia
| | | | - Andrew Vonasch
- Department of Psychology, Speech, and Hearing, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Meltem Yucel
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Yucheng Zhang
- School of Economics and Management, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Mohcine Abad
- School of Collective Intelligence, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Ben Guerir, Morocco
| | - Eli Adler
- Department of Psychology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Narin Akrawi
- Institute for Research and Development-Kurdistan, Middle East, Iraq
| | - Hamza Alaoui Mdarhri
- School of Collective Intelligence, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Ben Guerir, Morocco
| | - Hanane Amara
- Impact For Development, North Africa, Rabat, Morocco
| | - David M Amodio
- Department of Psychology and Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Benedict G Antazo
- Department of Psychology, Jose Rizal University, Mandaluyong, Philippines
| | - Matthew Apps
- Center for Human Brain Health, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, England
| | | | - Sergio Barbosa
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
- Moral Psychology and Decision Sciences Research Incubator, University of Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Brock Bastian
- School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Anton Berg
- Department of Digital Humanities, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Michael Bernstein
- Department of Psychological and Social Sciences, Penn State Abington, Abington, PA, USA
| | - Michał Białek
- Institute of Psychology, University of Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland
| | | | - Natalia Bogatyreva
- National Research University Higher School of Economics (HSE), Moscow, Russia
| | - Leonardo Boncinelli
- Department of Economics and Management, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Jonathan E Booth
- Department of Management, London School of Economics and Political Science, London, England
| | - Sylvie Borau
- Toulouse Business School, University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Ondrej Buchel
- Social Policy Institute of the Ministry of Labor, Family and Social Affairs of the Slovak Republic, Bratislava, Slovakia
- The Institute for Sociology of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - C Daryl Cameron
- Department of Psychology, Penn State University, University Park, PA, USA
- Rock Ethics Institute, Penn State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Chrissie F Carvalho
- Department of Psychology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Tatiana Celadin
- Department of Economics, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Chiara Cerami
- IUSS Cognitive Neuroscience (ICoN) Center, Institute for Advanced Study of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Cognitive Computational Neuroscience Research Unit, Neurological Institute Foundation Casimiro Mondino, Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Xiaojun Cheng
- School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Kate Cockcroft
- Department of Psychology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Jane Conway
- Institute for Advanced Study in Toulouse, Université Toulouse 1 Capitole, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Chiara Crespi
- Cognitive Computational Neuroscience Research Unit, Neurological Institute Foundation Casimiro Mondino, Pavia, Italy
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Marie Crouzevialle
- Department of Management, Technology, and Economics, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Jo Cutler
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, England
- Center for Human Brain Health, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, England
| | | | | | - Michael A Daniels
- UBC Sauder School of Business, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Victoria H Davis
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Pamala N Dayley
- Psychology Department, University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sylvain Delouvée
- Laboratory of Psychology: Cognition, Behavior, and Communication (LP3C), Rennes 2 University, Rennes, France
| | - Ognjan Denkovski
- Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Guillaume Dezecache
- Laboratory of Social and Cognitive Psychology, Clermont Auvergne University, CNRS, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Nathan A Dhaliwal
- UBC Sauder School of Business, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Alelie B Diato
- Cavite State University-General Trias City Campus, Cavite, Philippines
| | | | - Marianna Drosinou
- Department of Digital Humanities, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Uwe Dulleck
- School of Economics and Finance, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Center for Behavioural Economics, Society and Technology, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Crawford School of Public Policy, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- CESifo, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jānis Ekmanis
- Department of Psychology, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia
| | - Arhan S Ertan
- Department of International Trade, Boğaziçi University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hapsa Hossain Farhana
- Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Fahima Farkhari
- Institute of Communication Science, Friedrich-Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Harry Farmer
- School of Human Sciences, Institute for Lifecourse Development, University of Greenwich, London, England
| | - Ali Fenwick
- Hult International Business School Dubai, Dubai, UAE
| | - Kristijan Fidanovski
- Department of Social Policy and Intervention, University of Oxford, Oxford, England
| | - Terry Flew
- Department of Media and Communications, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Shona Fraser
- Department of Psychiatry, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | | | | | - Jessica Gale
- Department of Psychology, Speech, and Hearing, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - E Begoña Garcia-Navarro
- ESEIS/COIDESO [ESEIS, Social Studies and Social Intervention Research Center; COIDESO, COIDESO, Center for Research in Contemporary Thought and Innovation for Social Development], University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain
| | - Prasad Garladinne
- Humanities and Social Sciences, Indian Institute of Management, Indore, India
| | - Oussama Ghajjou
- Department of Peace Studies, University of Bradford, Bradford, England
| | | | - Kurt Gray
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | | | | | - Mert Gümren
- Department of Economics, Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Eran Halperin
- Department of Psychology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Elizabeth Harris
- Department of Psychology and Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Volo Herzon
- Department of Digital Humanities, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Matej Hruška
- Faculty of Social and Economic Sciences, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Guanxiong Huang
- Department of Media and Communication, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | | | - Ozan Isler
- School of Economics and Finance, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Center for Behavioural Economics, Society and Technology, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Simon Jangard
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Solna, Sweden
| | | | - Frank Kachanoff
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - John Kahn
- Department of Government, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | | | - Oleksandra Keudel
- Graduate School for Transnational Studies, Free University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lina Koppel
- Department of Management and Engineering, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Mika Koverola
- Department of Digital Humanities, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Emily Kubin
- Department of Psychology, University of Koblenz-Landau, Landau, Germany
| | - Anton Kunnari
- Department of Digital Humanities, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | | | - Josh Leota
- Department of Psychology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Eva Lermer
- LMU Center for Leadership and People Management, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Augsburg University for Applied Sciences, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Jonathan Levy
- Baruch Ivcher School of Psychology, Reichman University, Herzliya, Israel
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
| | - Neil Levy
- Department of Philosophy, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Chunyun Li
- Department of Management, London School of Economics and Political Science, London, England
| | - Elizabeth U Long
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Marina Maglić
- Institute of Social Sciences Ivo Pilar, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | | | | | | | - Asako Miura
- Graduate School of Human Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | | | | | - Elena Morales-Marente
- ESEIS/COIDESO [ESEIS, Social Studies and Social Intervention Research Center; COIDESO, COIDESO, Center for Research in Contemporary Thought and Innovation for Social Development], University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain
| | - David Moreau
- School of Psychology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Rafał Muda
- Faculty of Economics, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Lublin, Poland
| | - Annalisa Myer
- Department of Psychology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Department of Psychology, The City University of New York (CUNY) Graduate Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kyle Nash
- Department of Psychology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | | | - Jonas P Nitschke
- Department of Cognition, Emotion, and Methods in Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Matthew S Nurse
- Australian National Centre for the Public Awareness of Science, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Yohsuke Ohtsubo
- Department of Social Psychology, Graduate School of Humanities and Sociology, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Cathal O'Madagain
- School of Collective Intelligence, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Ben Guerir, Morocco
| | - Michal Onderco
- Department of Public Administration and Sociology, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - M Soledad Palacios-Galvez
- ESEIS/COIDESO [ESEIS, Social Studies and Social Intervention Research Center; COIDESO, COIDESO, Center for Research in Contemporary Thought and Innovation for Social Development], University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain
| | - Jussi Palomöki
- Department of Digital Humanities, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Yafeng Pan
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Solna, Sweden
| | - Zsófia Papp
- Center for Social Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences Center of Excellence, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Philip Pärnamets
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Solna, Sweden
| | - Mariola Paruzel-Czachura
- Institute of Psychology, University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
- Complutense University in Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Zoran Pavlović
- Department of Psychology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Silva Perander
- Department of Digital Humanities, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Michael Mark Pitman
- Department of Psychology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | | | | | - Steve Rathje
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, England
| | - Ali Raza
- Department of Computer Science, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
- Institute of Cognitive Science, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | | | - Claire E Robertson
- Department of Psychology and Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Iván Rodríguez-Pascual
- ESEIS/COIDESO [ESEIS, Social Studies and Social Intervention Research Center; COIDESO, COIDESO, Center for Research in Contemporary Thought and Innovation for Social Development], University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain
| | | | | | - Gaia C Santi
- IUSS Cognitive Neuroscience (ICoN) Center, Institute for Advanced Study of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | | | - David Savage
- Newcastle Business School, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Julian A Scheffer
- Department of Psychology, Penn State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - David T Schultner
- Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Enid M Schutte
- Department of Psychology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Andy Scott
- Department of Psychology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | | | | | - Ahmed Skali
- Department of Global Economics and Management, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | | | - Clara Alexandra Stafford
- Department of Psychology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
- Brain and Mind Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
- Western Interdisciplinary Research Building, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | | | - Anna Stefaniak
- Department of Psychology, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Anni Sternisko
- Department of Psychology and Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Augustin Stoica
- National University of Political Studies and Public Administration (SNSPA), Bucharest, Romania
| | - Kristina K Stoyanova
- Research Institute at Medical University of Plovdiv), Division of Translational Neuroscience, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Brent Strickland
- School of Collective Intelligence, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Ben Guerir, Morocco
- Department of Cognitive Science, ENS, EHESS, CNRS, Institut Jean Nicod, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Jukka Sundvall
- Department of Digital Humanities, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jeffrey P Thomas
- School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Gustav Tinghög
- Department of Management and Engineering, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Benno Torgler
- School of Economics and Finance, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Center for Behavioural Economics, Society and Technology, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- CREMA - Center for Research in Economics, Management and the Arts, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Iris J Traast
- Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Raffaele Tucciarelli
- The Warburg Institute, School of Advanced Study, University of London, London, England
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, England
| | - Michael Tyrala
- Institute for Emerging Market Studies, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Nick D Ungson
- Department of Psychology, Susquehanna University, Selinsgrove, PA, USA
| | - Mete S Uysal
- Psychology Department, Dokuz Eylül University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Paul A M Van Lange
- Department of Experimental and Applied Psychology, VU Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Dirk van Rooy
- Faculty of Design Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Daniel Västfjäll
- Department of Behavioural Sciences and Learning (IBL), Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Peter Verkoeijen
- Department of Psychology, Education and Child Studies, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Joana B Vieira
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Solna, Sweden
| | | | | | - Jennifer Watermeyer
- Health Communication Research Unit, School of Human and Community Development, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Erik Wetter
- Department of Entrepreneurship, Innovation, and Technology, Stockholm School of Economics, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ashley Whillans
- Harvard Business School, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Katherine White
- UBC Sauder School of Business, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Rishad Habib
- Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, Canada
| | - Robin Willardt
- Department of Management, Technology, and Economics, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Michael J A Wohl
- Department of Psychology, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | | | - Kaidi Wu
- University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - Onurcan Yilmaz
- Department of Psychology, Kadir Has University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Kumar Yogeeswaran
- Department of Psychology, Speech, and Hearing, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | | | - Rolf A Zwaan
- Department of Psychology, Education and Child Studies, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Paulo S Boggio
- Social and Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Mackenzie Presbyterian University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Waldir M Sampaio
- Social and Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Mackenzie Presbyterian University, São Paulo, Brazil
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Mahesar RA, Shaikh S, Latif M, Azeema N, Solangi A, Abro SY. Analysis of Newspaper Reporting of Non-fatal Suicide Attempts During the Covid-19 Lockdown in Pakistan. OMEGA-JOURNAL OF DEATH AND DYING 2023:302228231172342. [PMID: 37080193 DOI: 10.1177/00302228231172342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
Background: This study was aimed to observe newspaper reports about non-fatal suicide attempts in Pakistan during the COVID-19 lockdown. Methods: We performed content analysis of news reports about incomplete suicides from four vernacular newspapers of Pakistan between March and August 2020. Results: A total of 87 news reports about suicide attempts were examined; the vast majority of the suicide attempters was Muslims (78%), males (64%), females (36%) with (33%) mentions of age, ranging from 19-30 years, and married were (76%). However, occupation was largely missing from (93%) of the news. Self-poisoning was the commonly reported method in (65%) of suicide attempts, whereas familial discord was the leading risk factor for (72%) of suicide attempts. Conclusions: Although psychological intervention is crucial to reduce familial discords as risk factors, monitoring the mental health conditions of people vulnerable to suicide and the figures on attempted suicides should be maintained and collected nationally and regionally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rameez Ali Mahesar
- Department of Media and Communication Studies, Shah Abdul Latif University, Khairpur, Pakistan
| | - Sadia Shaikh
- Benazir School of Business, Benazir Bhutto Shaheed University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Latif
- Department of Education, GC Women University, Sialkoat, Pakistan
| | - Nusrat Azeema
- Department of Mass Communication, Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Aneela Solangi
- Department of English, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University, Shaheed Benazirabad, Pakistan
| | - Shaila Yaseen Abro
- Department of English, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University, Shaheed Benazirabad, Pakistan
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15
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Lopez-Morinigo JD, Blasco-Fontecilla H, Courtet P, Ayuso-Mateos JL. Investigating the relationship between cross-national suicide rates and COVID-19 first and second waves spread across the world: An exploratory study. SPANISH JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY AND MENTAL HEALTH 2023; 16:95-101. [PMID: 35251385 PMCID: PMC8883721 DOI: 10.1016/j.rpsm.2022.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION COVID-19 spreads between people in close contact. Social isolation, which is linked with increased suicide risk, prevents COVID-19 from spreading. Suicide and COVID-19 may therefore represent two antagonistic phenomena. Specifically, we tested whether previous cross-national suicide rates inversely correlate with COVID-19 cases and deaths across countries. MATERIAL AND METHODS We ran unadjusted bivariate correlations between the most updated (2016) cross-national Age-Standardised suicide rates and COVID-19 cumulative cases and deaths (as of: 30/08/2020, 11/10/2020 and 30/05/2021) across countries; and we controlled for WHO Income group, WHO region, suicide data quality, and urbanicity. RESULTS Suicide rates negatively correlated with COVID-19 cumulative cases up to 30/08/2020 (r=-0.14, P=.064) and up to 11/10/2020 at an almost significant level (r=-0.149, P=.050) across 174 countries. As of 11/10/2020 this correlation became significant when controlling for WHO region (r=-0.17, P=.028), data quality (r=-0.181, P=.017) and urbanicity (r=-0.172, P=.039); and as of 30/08/2020 when adjusting for WHO region (r=-0.15, P=.047) and data quality a (r=-0.16, P=.036). No significant correlations between suicide rates and COVID-19 deaths were found. CONCLUSIONS There seems to be an inverse correlation between previous cross-national suicide rates and COVID-19 cumulative cases across countries. Suicide and COVID-19 appear to behave, to some degree, as antagonistic phenomena, which challenges their prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier-David Lopez-Morinigo
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, IiSGM, CIBERSAM, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, Calle Ibiza, 43, 28009, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental. CIBERSAM, Avenida de Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Hilario Blasco-Fontecilla
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental. CIBERSAM, Avenida de Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Calle Arzobispo Morcillo, 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Department of Psychiatry, Puerta de Hierro University Hospital, Health Research Institute Puerta de Hierro-Segovia de Aranda (IDIPHISA), Majadahonda, Calle Joaquín Rodrigo, 1, 28022 Madrid, Spain; ITA Mental Health, Calle del Moscatelar, 1K, 28043 Madrid, Spain
| | - Philippe Courtet
- Department of Emergency Psychiatry and Acute Care, CHU Montpellier, 191 Av. du Doyen Gaston Giraud, 34295 Montpellier, France; PSNREC, Univ Montpellier, INSERM, CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, 191 Av. du Doyen Gaston Giraud, 34295 Montpellier, France
| | - José-Luis Ayuso-Mateos
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental. CIBERSAM, Avenida de Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Calle Arzobispo Morcillo, 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS Princesa), Calle de Diego de León, 62, 28006 Madrid, Spain
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16
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Travis-Lumer Y, Kodesh A, Goldberg Y, Frangou S, Levine SZ. Attempted suicide rates before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: interrupted time series analysis of a nationally representative sample. Psychol Med 2023; 53:2485-2491. [PMID: 34664545 PMCID: PMC8564043 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291721004384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To characterize the association between the protracted biopsychosocial coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic exposures and incident suicide attempt rates. METHODS Data were from a nationally representative cohort based on electronic health records from January 2013 to February 2021 (N = 852 233), with an interrupted time series study design. For the primary analysis, the effect of COVID-19 pandemic on incident suicide attempts warranting in-patient hospital treatment was quantified by fitting a Poisson regression and modeling the relative risk (RR) and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Scenarios were forecast to predict attempted suicide rates at 10 months after social mitigation strategies. Fourteen sensitivity analyses were performed to test the robustness of the results. RESULTS Despite the increasing trend in the unexposed interval, the interval exposed to the COVID-19 pandemic was statistically significant (p < 0.001) associated with a reduced RR of incident attempted suicide (RR = 0.63, 95% CI 0.52-0.78). Consistent with the primary analysis, sensitivity analysis of sociodemographic groups and methodological factors were statistically significant (p < 0.05). No effect modification was identified for COVID-19 lockdown intervals or COVID-19 illness status. All three forecast scenarios at 10 months projected a suicide attempt rate increase from 12.49 (7.42-21.01) to 21.38 (12.71-35.99). CONCLUSIONS The interval exposed to the protracted mass social trauma of the COVID-19 pandemic was associated with a lower suicide attempt rate compared to the unexposed interval. However, this trend is likely to reverse 10 months after lifting social mitigation policies, underscoring the need for enhanced implementation of public health policy for suicide prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yael Travis-Lumer
- Faculty of Industrial Engineering and Management, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Arad Kodesh
- Department of Community Mental Health, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
- Meuhedet Health Services, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Yair Goldberg
- Faculty of Industrial Engineering and Management, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Sophia Frangou
- Department of Psychiatry, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Stephen Z. Levine
- Department of Community Mental Health, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
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17
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Kim S, Sung HK, Kim T, Ko SK, Kim S, Lee JH. Trends in emergency department visits for suicide attempts before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in Korea: A nationwide study, 2016-2021. J Affect Disord 2023; 331:184-191. [PMID: 36948463 PMCID: PMC10028213 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.03.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is increasing concern that the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic will result in excess suicides by increasing known risk factors, such as suicide attempts. However, evidence on the long-term impacts of COVID-19 on suicide attempts is lacking. We aimed to assess the short- and long-term effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on patients with suicide attempts in emergency departments (EDs) and to evaluate age- and sex-specific differences. METHOD We conducted nationwide cross-sectional study among patients with suicide attempts in the ED from 2016 to 2021. The trend test were used to determine whether study subjects were affected by changes in ED visits for suicide attempts. We estimated the average annual percentage change (APC) stratified by sex and age groups. RESULTS The number of ED visits related to suicide attempts increased from 27,581 in 2016 to 37,719 in 2021. In particular, it decreased immediately after the COVID-19 pandemic but increased again in 2021. We identified that the average APC increased by 6.8 % overall, 1.6 % among males, and 10.8 % among females. Moreover, the APC of trend sharply increased in patients aged 10s and 20s. The in-hospital mortality was 3.6 % for females, compared to 9.5 % for males, which showed sex differences. LIMITATIONS Other information such as severity of injury, interpersonal relationships were not available. This study was limited to confirming causal relationship based on a descriptive study. CONCLUSIONS The incidence of suicide attempts in ED has increased in Korea. In particular, there was a sharp increase among women, adolescents and young adults. Patient-tailored treatment and preventive medical system for suicide attempts is important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seonji Kim
- Department of Biomedical Systems Informatics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Institute for Innovation in Digital Healthcare, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Kyung Sung
- National Emergency Medical Center, National Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Taehui Kim
- National Emergency Medical Center, National Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Keun Ko
- National Emergency Medical Center, National Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - SeongJung Kim
- National Emergency Medical Center, National Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Emergency Medicine, Chosun University Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Hee Lee
- National Emergency Medical Center, National Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Bower M, Smout S, Donohoe-Bales A, O’Dean S, Teesson L, Boyle J, Lim D, Nguyen A, Calear AL, Batterham PJ, Gournay K, Teesson M. A hidden pandemic? An umbrella review of global evidence on mental health in the time of COVID-19. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1107560. [PMID: 36970258 PMCID: PMC10032377 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1107560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BackgroundThe mental health impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic remain a public health concern. High quality synthesis of extensive global literature is needed to quantify this impact and identify factors associated with adverse outcomes.MethodsWe conducted a rigorous umbrella review with meta-review and present (a) pooled prevalence of probable depression, anxiety, stress, psychological distress, and post-traumatic stress, (b) standardised mean difference in probable depression and anxiety pre-versus-during the pandemic period, and (c) comprehensive narrative synthesis of factors associated with poorer outcomes. Databases searched included Scopus, Embase, PsycINFO, and MEDLINE dated to March 2022. Eligibility criteria included systematic reviews and/or meta-analyses, published post-November 2019, reporting data in English on mental health outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic.FindingsThree hundred and thirty-eight systematic reviews were included, 158 of which incorporated meta-analyses. Meta-review prevalence of anxiety symptoms ranged from 24.4% (95%CI: 18–31%, I2: 99.98%) for general populations to 41.1% (95%CI: 23–61%, I2: 99.65%) in vulnerable populations. Prevalence of depressive symptoms ranged from 22.9% (95%CI: 17–30%, I2: 99.99%) for general populations to 32.5% (95%CI: 17–52%, I2: 99.35) in vulnerable populations. Prevalence of stress, psychological distress and PTSD/PTSS symptoms were 39.1% (95%CI: 34–44%; I2: 99.91%), 44.2% (95%CI: 32–58%; I2: 99.95%), and 18.8% (95%CI: 15–23%; I2: 99.87%), respectively. Meta-review comparing pre-COVID-19 to during COVID-19 prevalence of probable depression and probable anxiety revealed standard mean differences of 0.20 (95%CI = 0.07–0.33) and 0.29 (95%CI = 0.12–0.45), respectively.ConclusionThis is the first meta-review to synthesise the longitudinal mental health impacts of the pandemic. Findings show that probable depression and anxiety were significantly higher than pre-COVID-19, and provide some evidence that that adolescents, pregnant and postpartum people, and those hospitalised with COVID-19 experienced heightened adverse mental health. Policymakers can modify future pandemic responses accordingly to mitigate the impact of such measures on public mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlee Bower
- The Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- *Correspondence: Marlee Bower,
| | - Scarlett Smout
- The Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Scarlett Smout,
| | - Amarina Donohoe-Bales
- The Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Siobhan O’Dean
- The Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Lily Teesson
- The Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Julia Boyle
- The Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Denise Lim
- The Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Andre Nguyen
- The Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Alison L. Calear
- Centre for Mental Health Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Philip J. Batterham
- Centre for Mental Health Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Kevin Gournay
- The Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Maree Teesson
- The Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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19
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Park JH, Seo YW, Chae S. Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Adolescent Self-Harm: Based on a National Emergency Department Information System. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:4666. [PMID: 36901676 PMCID: PMC10001448 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20054666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Republic of Korea's suicide rate is the highest among Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development countries. In Republic of Korea, suicide is the leading cause of death among young people aged 10-19 years. This study aimed to identify changes in patients aged 10-19 years who visited the emergency department in Republic of Korea after inflicting self-harm over the past five years and to compare the situations before and after the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic. Analysis of government data revealed that the average daily visits per 100,000 were 6.25, 8.18, 13.26, 15.31, and 15.71 from 2016 to 2020, respectively. The study formed four groups for further analysis, with the population divided by sex and age (10-14 and 15-19 years old). The late-teenage female group showed the sharpest increase and was the only group that continued to increase. A comparison of the figures 10 months before and after the outbreak of the pandemic revealed a statistically significant increase in self-harm attempts by only the late-teenage female group. Meanwhile, visits (per day) in the male group did not increase, but the rates of death and ICU admission increased. Additional studies and preparations that account for age and sex are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Hyeon Park
- Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Daegu Catholic University, Daegu 42472, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Woo Seo
- Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Daegu Catholic University, Daegu 42472, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungbum Chae
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Daegu Catholic University, Daegu 42472, Republic of Korea
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20
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Ori APS, Wieling M, van Loo HM. Longitudinal analyses of depression, anxiety, and suicidal ideation highlight greater prevalence in the northern Dutch population during the COVID-19 lockdowns. J Affect Disord 2023; 323:62-70. [PMID: 36427649 PMCID: PMC9678820 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.11.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pandemic of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has led to an increased burden on mental health. AIMS To investigate the development of major depressive disorder (MDD), generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), and suicidal ideation in the Netherlands during the first fifteen months of the pandemic and three nation-wide lockdowns. METHOD Participants of the Lifelines Cohort Study -a Dutch population-based sample-reported current symptoms of MDD and GAD, including suicidal ideation, according to DSM-IV criteria. Between March 2020 and June 2021, 36,106 participants (aged 18-96) filled out a total of 629,811 questionnaires across 23 time points. Trajectories over time were estimated using generalized additive models and analyzed in relation to age, sex, and lifetime history of MDD/GAD. RESULTS We found non-linear trajectories for MDD and GAD with a higher number of symptoms and prevalence rates during periods of lockdown. The point prevalence of MDD and GAD peaked during the third hard lockdown at 2.88 % (95 % CI: 2.71 %-3.06 %) and 2.92 % (95 % CI: 2.76 %-3.08 %), respectively, in March 2021. Women, younger adults, and participants with a history of MDD/GAD reported significantly more symptoms. For suicidal ideation, we found a significant linear increase over time in younger participants. For example, 20-year-old participants reported 4.14× more suicidal ideation at the end of June 2021 compared to the start of the pandemic (4.64 % (CI: 3.09 %-6.96 %) versus 1.12 % (CI: 0.76 %-1.66 %)). LIMITATIONS Our findings should be interpreted in relation to the societal context of the Netherlands and the public health response of the Dutch government during the pandemic, which may be different in other regions in the world. CONCLUSIONS Our study showed greater prevalence of MDD and GAD during COVID-19 lockdowns and a continuing increase in suicidal thoughts among young adults suggesting that the pandemic and government enacted restrictions impacted mental health in the population. Our findings provide actionable insights on mental health in the population during the pandemic, which can guide policy makers and clinical care during future lockdowns and epi/pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil P S Ori
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Psychiatry, Groningen, the Netherlands; University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Genetics, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Martijn Wieling
- University of Groningen, Department of Information Science, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Hanna M van Loo
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Psychiatry, Groningen, the Netherlands.
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21
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Davisse-Paturet C, Orri M, Legleye S, Florence AM, Hazo JB, Warszawski J, Falissard B, Geoffroy MC, Melchior M, Rouquette A. Suicidal ideation following self-reported COVID-19-like symptoms or serology-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection in France: A propensity score weighted analysis from a cohort study. PLoS Med 2023; 20:e1004171. [PMID: 36787340 PMCID: PMC10072374 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1004171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A higher risk of suicidal ideation associated with self-report of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)-like symptoms or COVID-19 infection has been observed in cross-sectional studies, but evidence from longitudinal studies remains limited. The aims of this study were 2-fold: (1) to explore if self-reported COVID-19-like symptoms in 2020 were associated with suicidal ideation in 2021; (2) to explore if the association also existed when using a biological marker of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in 2020. METHODS AND FINDINGS A total of 52,050 participants from the French EpiCov cohort were included (median follow-up time = 13.7 months). In terms of demographics, 53.84% were women, 60.92% were over 45 years old, 82.01% were born in mainland France from parents born in mainland France, and 59.38% completed high school. COVID-19-like symptoms were defined as participant report of a sudden loss of taste/smell or fever alongside cough, shortness of breath, or chest oppression, between February and November 2020. Symptoms were self-reported at baseline in May 2020 and at the first follow-up in Autumn 2020. Serology-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection in 2020 was derived from Spike protein ELISA test screening in dried-blood-spot samples. Samples were collected from October 2020 to March 2021, with 94.4% collected in 2020. Suicidal ideation since December 2020 was self-reported at the second follow-up in Summer 2021. Associations of self-reported COVID-19-like symptoms and serology-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection in 2020 with suicidal ideation in 2021 were ascertained using modified Poisson regression models, weighted by inverse probability weights computed from propensity scores. Among the 52,050 participants, 1.68% [1.54% to 1.82%] reported suicidal ideation in 2021, 9.57% [9.24% to 9.90%] had a serology-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection in 2020, and 13.23% [12.86% to 13.61%] reported COVID-19-like symptoms in 2020. Self-reported COVID-19-like symptoms in 2020 were associated with higher risks of later suicidal ideation in 2021 (Relative Riskipw [95% CI] = 1.43 [1.20 to 1.69]), while serology-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection in 2020 was not (RRipw = 0.89 [0.70 to 1.13]). Limitations of this study include the use of a single question to assess suicidal ideation, the use of self-reported history of mental health disorders, and limited generalizability due to attrition bias. CONCLUSIONS Self-reported COVID-19-like symptoms in 2020, but not serology-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection in 2020, were associated with a higher risk of subsequent suicidal ideation in 2021. The exact role of SARS-CoV-2 infection with respect to suicide risk has yet to be clarified. Including mental health resources in COVID-19-related settings could encourage symptomatic individuals to care for their mental health and limit suicidal ideation to emerge or worsen.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Massimiliano Orri
- McGill University, Department of Psychiatry, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Stéphane Legleye
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, UVSQ, CESP, Paris, France
- Ensai, Bruz, France
| | - Aline-Marie Florence
- Sorbonne University, Inserm, Pierre Louis institute of Epidemiology and Public Health, Paris, France
| | | | - Josiane Warszawski
- APHP, Paris-Saclay University, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | | | - Marie-Claude Geoffroy
- McGill University, Department of Psychiatry, Montreal, Québec, Canada
- McGill University, Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, Québec, Canada
| | - Maria Melchior
- Sorbonne University, Inserm, Pierre Louis institute of Epidemiology and Public Health, Paris, France
| | - Alexandra Rouquette
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, UVSQ, CESP, Paris, France
- APHP, Paris-Saclay University, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
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22
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Roy A, Deb S, Chakarwarti D. Impact of COVID-19 on public social life and mental health: a statistical study of google trends data from the USA. J Appl Stat 2023; 51:581-605. [PMID: 38370267 PMCID: PMC10868428 DOI: 10.1080/02664763.2022.2164562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has caused a significant disruption in the social lives and mental health of people across the world. This study aims to asses the effect of using internet search volume data. We categorize the widely searched keywords on the internet in several categories, which are relevant in analyzing the public mental health status. Corresponding to each category of keywords, we conduct an appropriate statistical analysis to identify significant changes in the search pattern during the course of the pandemic. Binary segmentation method of changepoint detection, along with the combination of ARMA-GARCH models are utilized in this analysis. It helps us detect how people's behavior changed in phases and whether the severity of the pandemic brought forth those shifts in behaviors. Interestingly, we find that rather than the severity of the outbreak, the long duration of the pandemic has affected the public health status more. The phases, however, align well with the so-called COVID-19 waves and are consistent for different aspects of social and mental health. We further observe that the results are typically similar for different states as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archi Roy
- Department of Mathematics, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune, India
| | - Soudeep Deb
- Decision Sciences, Indian Institute of Management Bangalore, Bengaluru, India
| | - Divya Chakarwarti
- Indira Gandhi Delhi Technical University for Women, James Church, Delhi, India
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23
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Bersia M, Koumantakis E, Berchialla P, Charrier L, Ricotti A, Grimaldi P, Dalmasso P, Comoretto RI. Suicide spectrum among young people during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review and meta-analysis. EClinicalMedicine 2022; 54:101705. [PMID: 36338787 PMCID: PMC9621691 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are concerns that suicidal behaviors are arising among adolescents. The COVID-19 pandemic could have worsened the picture, however, studies on this topic reported contrasting results. This work aimed to summarise findings from the worldwide emerging literature on the rates of suicidality among young people during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS A systematic review and meta-analysis were performed, searching five electronic databases for studies published from January 1, 2020 until July 27, 2022. Studies reporting rates for each of the three considered outcomes (suicide, suicidal behaviors, and suicidal ideation) among young people under 19 years old during the COVID-19 pandemic were included. Random-effects meta-analyses were conducted, and the intra-study risk of bias was assessed. When pre-COVID-19 data were available, incidence rate ratio (IRR) and prevalence ratio (PR) estimates were calculated between the two periods. All the analyses were performed according to the setting explored: general population, emergency department (ED), and psychiatric services. The review protocol was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42022308014). FINDINGS Forty-seven observational studies were selected for more than 65 million subjects. The results of the meta-analysis showed a pooled annual incidence rate of suicides of 4.9 cases/100,000 during 2020, accounting for a non-statistically significant increase of 10% compared to 2019 (IRR 1.10, 95% CI: 0.94-1.29). The suicidal behaviors pooled prevalence during the COVID-19 pandemic was higher in the psychiatric setting (25%; 95% CI: 17-36%) than in the general population (3%; 1-13%) and ED (1%; 0-9%). The pooled rate of suicidal ideation was 17% in the general population (11-25%), 36% in psychiatric setting (20-56%) and 2% in ED (0-12%). The heterogeneity level was over 97% for both outcomes in all settings considered. The comparison between before and during COVID-19 periods highlighted a non-statistically significant upward trend in suicidal behaviors among the general population and in ED setting. The only significant increase was found for suicidal ideation in psychiatric setting among studies conducted in 2021 (PR 1.15; 95% CI: 1.04-1.27), not observed exploring 2020 alone. INTERPRETATION During the pandemic, suicide spectrum issues seemed to follow the known pattern described in previous studies, with higher rates of suicidal ideation than of suicidal behaviors and suicide events. Governments and other stakeholders should be mindful that youth may have unique risks at the outset of large disasters like the COVID-19 pandemic and proactive steps are necessary to address the needs of youth to mitigate those risks. FUNDING The present study was funded by the University of Torino (CHAL_RILO_21_01).
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Bersia
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Torino, Via Santena 5 bis, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Emanuele Koumantakis
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Torino, Via Santena 5 bis, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Paola Berchialla
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Regione Gonzole 43, 10043, Orbassano, Italy
| | - Lorena Charrier
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Torino, Via Santena 5 bis, 10126 Torino, Italy
- Corresponding author.
| | - Andrea Ricotti
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Torino, Via Santena 5 bis, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Piercesare Grimaldi
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Torino, Via Santena 5 bis, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Paola Dalmasso
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Torino, Via Santena 5 bis, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Rosanna I. Comoretto
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Torino, Via Santena 5 bis, 10126 Torino, Italy
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24
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Raifman J, Ettman CK, Dean LT, Abdalla SM, Skinner A, Barry CL, Galea S. Economic precarity, loneliness, and suicidal ideation during the COVID-19 pandemic. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0275973. [PMID: 36383566 PMCID: PMC9668199 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0275973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The US population faced stressors associated with suicide brought on by the COVID-19 pandemic. Understanding the relationship between stressors and suicidal ideation in the context of the pandemic may inform policies and programs to prevent suicidality and suicide. We compared suicidal ideation between two cross-sectional, nationally representative surveys of adults in the United States: the 2017-2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) and the 2020 COVID-19 and Life Stressors Impact on Mental Health and Well-being (CLIMB) study (conducted March 31 to April 13). We estimated the association between stressors and suicidal ideation in bivariable and multivariable Poisson regression models with robust variance to generate unadjusted and adjusted prevalence ratios (PR and aPR). Suicidal ideation increased from 3.4% in the 2017-2018 NHANES to 16.3% in the 2020 CLIMB survey, and from 5.8% to 26.4% among participants in low-income households. In the multivariable model, difficulty paying rent (aPR: 1.5, 95% CI: 1.2-2.1) and feeling alone (aPR: 1.9, 95% CI: 1.5-2.4) were associated with suicidal ideation but job loss was not (aPR: 0.9, 95% CI: 0.6 to 1.2). Suicidal ideation increased by 12.9 percentage points and was almost 4.8 times higher during the COVID-19 pandemic. Suicidal ideation was more prevalent among people facing difficulty paying rent (31.5%), job loss (24.1%), and loneliness (25.1%), with each stressor associated with suicidal ideation in bivariable models. Difficulty paying rent and loneliness were most associated with suicidal ideation. Policies and programs to support people experiencing economic precarity and loneliness may contribute to suicide prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Raifman
- Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Catherine K. Ettman
- Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Lorraine T. Dean
- Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Salma M. Abdalla
- Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Alexandra Skinner
- Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, United States of America
| | - Colleen L. Barry
- Cornell Jeb E. Brooks School of Public Policy, Ithaca, NY, United States of America
| | - Sandro Galea
- Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States of America
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25
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Arday J, Jones C. Same storm, different boats: the impact of COVID-19 on Black students and academic staff in UK and US higher education. HIGHER EDUCATION 2022:1-22. [PMID: 36310611 PMCID: PMC9593978 DOI: 10.1007/s10734-022-00939-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The permanence of systemic racism in the UK and USA means that Black people are disadvantaged in myriad ways, including within the Academy. While the disproportionate impact of COVID-19, alongside the Black Lives Matter movement, has increased awareness of the challenges faced by Black communities, these issues remain, both in and beyond higher education. Furthermore, there is still a paucity of research individualising the experiences of Black people, who are often homogenised with other ethnic minority groups. This paper explores the impact of COVID-19 on UK and US Black students and academic staff, utilising a critical race theory (CRT) framework. Analysis revealed that Black students and staff experienced COVID-19 against the backdrop of racism as a "pandemic within a pandemic" (Laurencin and Walker, Cell Systems 11:9-10, 2020), including racial (re)traumatisation, loneliness and isolation. Other themes included precarious employment and exploitation. Recommendations are offered for penetrative interventions that can support Black students and staff in the wake of strained race relations neglecting their adverse experiences and a global pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Arday
- School of Education, St Andrew’s Building, University of Glasgow, 11 Eldon Street, Glasgow, G3 6NH UK
| | - Christopher Jones
- Department of Sociology, Higher Education and Social Inequalities, Durham University, 32 Old Elvet, Durham, DH1 3HN UK
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26
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Has the COVID-19 pandemic influenced suicide rates differentially according to socioeconomic indices and ethnicity? More evidence is needed globally. Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci 2022; 31:e72. [PMID: 36217667 PMCID: PMC9579839 DOI: 10.1017/s2045796022000543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has harmed many people's mental health globally. Whilst the evidence generated thus far from high-income countries regarding the pandemic's impact on suicide rates is generally reassuring, we know little about its influence on this outcome in lower- and middle-income countries or among marginalised and disadvantaged people. There are some signals for concern regarding the pandemic's potentially unequal impact on suicide rates, with some of the affected demographic subgroups and regions being at elevated risk before the pandemic began. However, the evidence-base for this topic is currently sparse, and studies conducted to date have generally not taken account of pre-pandemic temporal trends. The collection of accurate, complete and comparable data on suicide rate trends in ethnic minority and low-income groups should be prioritised. The vulnerability of low-income groups will likely be exacerbated further by the current energy supply and cost-of-living crises in many countries. It is therefore crucial that reassuring messaging highlighting the stability of suicide rates during the pandemic does not lead to complacency among policymakers.
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27
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Rahimi-Ardabili H, Feng X, Nguyen PY, Astell-Burt T. Have Deaths of Despair Risen during the COVID-19 Pandemic? A Systematic Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:12835. [PMID: 36232135 PMCID: PMC9564909 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191912835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This systematic review synthesized literature on potential impacts of protracted isolation and other disruptions during the COVID-19 pandemic on deaths of despair (suicide, overdoses, and drug-related liver diseases). Five electronic databases were searched yielding 70 eligible articles. Extant evidence mostly from high-income countries indicates COVID-19-related disruption may not have influenced suicide rates so far, but there have been reports of increased drug-related and liver disease mortality. Minority groups and women were more vulnerable, indicating the need for stronger equity focus on pandemic recovery and resilience strategies. Further high-quality studies with longer-term follow-up, especially from low-income countries, will inform these strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hania Rahimi-Ardabili
- Centre for Health Informatics, Australian Institute of Health Innovation, Macquarie University, Sydney 2109, Australia
- Population Wellbeing and Environment Research Lab (PowerLab), Wollongong 2522, Australia
- School of Population Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Xiaoqi Feng
- Population Wellbeing and Environment Research Lab (PowerLab), Wollongong 2522, Australia
- School of Population Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
- School of Health and Society, Faculty of Arts, Social Sciences and Humanities, University of Wollongong, Wollongong 2522, Australia
| | - Phi-Yen Nguyen
- Population Wellbeing and Environment Research Lab (PowerLab), Wollongong 2522, Australia
- School of Population Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne 3800, Australia
| | - Thomas Astell-Burt
- Population Wellbeing and Environment Research Lab (PowerLab), Wollongong 2522, Australia
- School of Health and Society, Faculty of Arts, Social Sciences and Humanities, University of Wollongong, Wollongong 2522, Australia
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28
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Steeg S, John A, Gunnell DJ, Kapur N, Dekel D, Schmidt L, Knipe D, Arensman E, Hawton K, Higgins JPT, Eyles E, Macleod-Hall C, McGuiness LA, Webb RT. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on presentations to health services following self-harm: systematic review. Br J Psychiatry 2022; 221:603-612. [PMID: 35816104 DOI: 10.1192/bjp.2022.79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence on the impact of the pandemic on healthcare presentations for self-harm has accumulated rapidly. However, existing reviews do not include studies published beyond 2020. AIMS To systematically review evidence on presentations to health services following self-harm during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHOD A comprehensive search of databases (WHO COVID-19 database; Medline; medRxiv; Scopus; PsyRxiv; SocArXiv; bioRxiv; COVID-19 Open Research Dataset, PubMed) was conducted. Studies published from 1 January 2020 to 7 September 2021 were included. Study quality was assessed with a critical appraisal tool. RESULTS Fifty-one studies were included: 57% (29/51) were rated as 'low' quality, 31% (16/51) as 'moderate' and 12% (6/51) as 'high-moderate'. Most evidence (84%, 43/51) was from high-income countries. A total of 47% (24/51) of studies reported reductions in presentation frequency, including all six rated as high-moderate quality, which reported reductions of 17-56%. Settings treating higher lethality self-harm were overrepresented among studies reporting increased demand. Two of the three higher-quality studies including study observation months from 2021 reported reductions in self-harm presentations. Evidence from 2021 suggests increased numbers of presentations among adolescents, particularly girls. CONCLUSIONS Sustained reductions in numbers of self-harm presentations were seen into the first half of 2021, although this evidence is based on a relatively small number of higher-quality studies. Evidence from low- and middle-income countries is lacking. Increased numbers of presentations among adolescents, particularly girls, into 2021 is concerning. Findings may reflect changes in thresholds for help-seeking, use of alternative sources of support and variable effects of the pandemic across groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Steeg
- Centre for Mental Health and Safety, Division of Psychology and Mental Health, University of Manchester, UK; and Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, UK
| | - Ann John
- Medical School, Swansea University, UK; and Public Health Wales NHS Trust, UK
| | - David J Gunnell
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, UK; and National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Bristol, UK
| | - Nav Kapur
- Division of Psychology and Mental Health, University of Manchester, UK;NIHR Greater Manchester Patient Safety Translational Research Centre, UK; and Greater Manchester Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - Dana Dekel
- Department of Population Psychiatry, Suicide and Informatics, Swansea University, UK
| | - Lena Schmidt
- Sciome LLC, North Carolina, USA; Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, UK
| | - Duleeka Knipe
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, UK
| | - Ella Arensman
- School of Public Health and National Suicide Research Foundation, University College Cork, Ireland; and Australian Institute for Suicide Research and Prevention, School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Australia
| | - Keith Hawton
- Centre for Suicide Research, Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, UK; and Warneford Hospital, Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - Julian P T Higgins
- National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Bristol, UK; National Institute for Health Research Applied Research Collaboration West, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust, UK; and Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, UK
| | - Emily Eyles
- National Institute for Health Research Applied Research Collaboration West, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust, UK; and Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, UK
| | | | - Luke A McGuiness
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, UK
| | - Roger T Webb
- Division of Psychology and Mental Health, University of Manchester, UK; and NIHR Greater Manchester Patient Safety Translational Research Centre, UK
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Mukhtar F, Candilis P. Pandemics and Suicide Risk: Lessons From COVID and Its Predecessors. J Nerv Ment Dis 2022; 210:799-807. [PMID: 36179374 PMCID: PMC9555599 DOI: 10.1097/nmd.0000000000001536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT In its mortality and global reach, COVID-19 is among the worst pandemics to hit the globe since the 1918 influenza. During a pandemic, it is not uncommon for deaths from suicide to be downplayed as communities respond to the immediate mortality of the disease. In this analysis, we review pandemic history to uncover its impact on suicide rates, a frequent proxy for community mental health, and whether public health responses were effective. We incorporate lessons from more than 100 years of epidemics to assess whether the current public health response can benefit from the lessons of history.
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Kim NM, Seo YW, Gyu Kwak S. Changes in self-harm attempts after the COVID-19 pandemic based on pre-hospital medical records. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e30694. [PMID: 36123847 PMCID: PMC9477701 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000030694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Although many concerns have been raised on increased self-harm or suicide attempts since the emergence of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the numbers of studies reported no consistent increase. This study aimed to analyze the data on the request for emergency medical service (EMS) in Daegu Metropolitan City in Korea to investigate the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the incidence and types of suicidal patients. Data of 4480 cases requesting EMS related to self-harm or suicide 1 year before and after the COVID-19 pandemic were retrospectively comparatively analyzed (February 19, 2019-February 18, 2021). The number of EMS requests for self-harm and suicide increased after the pandemic compared to that before the pandemic (daily mean request 5.83 [±2.597] vs 6.43 [±2.918]). In particular, the number of female patients increased per day on average (2.61 [±1.717] vs 3.17 [±1.893]). With respect to the reasons for the request, committed self-harm and attempts to commit self-harm increased, whereas the presumption against suicide decreased. With respect to consciousness levels, the number of alert patients increased, whereas the number of transport cases decreased. For the method of the attempt, hanging and carbon monoxide/gas poisoning decreased, whereas jumping from a height and drowning increased. The number of patients with psychiatric history and those with other chronic illnesses increased. In multivariate regression analysis, women (OR 1.227, 95% CI = 1.072-1.405, P = .003), patients with psychiatric diseases (OR 1.223, 95% CI = 1.031-1.450, P = .021), patients with other chronic illnesses (OR 1.510, 95% CI = 1.127-2.023, P = .006), and CO or gas poisoning (not attempted) (OR 1.349, 95% CI = 1.038-1.753, P = .025) showed statistically significant differences. Among the request for EMS, requests for committed self-harm and attempts to commit suicide increased. Medical support and measures for mental health and emergency medical systems should be established for female patients and patients with psychiatric or other chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Min Kim
- Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Daegu Catholic University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Young Woo Seo
- Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Daegu Catholic University, Daegu, Korea
- *Correspondence: Young Woo Seo, Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Daegu Catholic University, 33, Duryugongwon-ro 17-gil, Nam-gu, Daegu 42472, Korea (e-mail: )
| | - Sang Gyu Kwak
- Department of Medical Statistics, School of Medicine, Daegu Catholic University, Daegu, Korea
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Pirkis J, Gunnell D, Shin S, Del Pozo-Banos M, Arya V, Aguilar PA, Appleby L, Arafat SMY, Arensman E, Ayuso-Mateos JL, Balhara YPS, Bantjes J, Baran A, Behera C, Bertolote J, Borges G, Bray M, Brečić P, Caine E, Calati R, Carli V, Castelpietra G, Chan LF, Chang SS, Colchester D, Coss-Guzmán M, Crompton D, Ćurković M, Dandona R, De Jaegere E, De Leo D, Deisenhammer EA, Dwyer J, Erlangsen A, Faust JS, Fornaro M, Fortune S, Garrett A, Gentile G, Gerstner R, Gilissen R, Gould M, Gupta SK, Hawton K, Holz F, Kamenshchikov I, Kapur N, Kasal A, Khan M, Kirtley OJ, Knipe D, Kõlves K, Kölzer SC, Krivda H, Leske S, Madeddu F, Marshall A, Memon A, Mittendorfer-Rutz E, Nestadt P, Neznanov N, Niederkrotenthaler T, Nielsen E, Nordentoft M, Oberlerchner H, O'Connor RC, Papsdorf R, Partonen T, Phillips MR, Platt S, Portzky G, Psota G, Qin P, Radeloff D, Reif A, Reif-Leonhard C, Rezaeian M, Román-Vázquez N, Roskar S, Rozanov V, Sara G, Scavacini K, Schneider B, Semenova N, Sinyor M, Tambuzzi S, Townsend E, Ueda M, Wasserman D, Webb RT, Winkler P, Yip PS, Zalsman G, Zoja R, John A, Spittal MJ. Suicide numbers during the first 9-15 months of the COVID-19 pandemic compared with pre-existing trends: An interrupted time series analysis in 33 countries. EClinicalMedicine 2022; 51:101573. [PMID: 35935344 PMCID: PMC9344880 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Predicted increases in suicide were not generally observed in the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic. However, the picture may be changing and patterns might vary across demographic groups. We aimed to provide a timely, granular picture of the pandemic's impact on suicides globally. METHODS We identified suicide data from official public-sector sources for countries/areas-within-countries, searching websites and academic literature and contacting data custodians and authors as necessary. We sent our first data request on 22nd June 2021 and stopped collecting data on 31st October 2021. We used interrupted time series (ITS) analyses to model the association between the pandemic's emergence and total suicides and suicides by sex-, age- and sex-by-age in each country/area-within-country. We compared the observed and expected numbers of suicides in the pandemic's first nine and first 10-15 months and used meta-regression to explore sources of variation. FINDINGS We sourced data from 33 countries (24 high-income, six upper-middle-income, three lower-middle-income; 25 with whole-country data, 12 with data for area(s)-within-the-country, four with both). There was no evidence of greater-than-expected numbers of suicides in the majority of countries/areas-within-countries in any analysis; more commonly, there was evidence of lower-than-expected numbers. Certain sex, age and sex-by-age groups stood out as potentially concerning, but these were not consistent across countries/areas-within-countries. In the meta-regression, different patterns were not explained by countries' COVID-19 mortality rate, stringency of public health response, economic support level, or presence of a national suicide prevention strategy. Nor were they explained by countries' income level, although the meta-regression only included data from high-income and upper-middle-income countries, and there were suggestions from the ITS analyses that lower-middle-income countries fared less well. INTERPRETATION Although there are some countries/areas-within-countries where overall suicide numbers and numbers for certain sex- and age-based groups are greater-than-expected, these countries/areas-within-countries are in the minority. Any upward movement in suicide numbers in any place or group is concerning, and we need to remain alert to and respond to changes as the pandemic and its mental health and economic consequences continue. FUNDING None.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane Pirkis
- Centre for Mental Health, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Corresponding author at: Centre for Mental Health, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia.
| | - David Gunnell
- National Institute of Health and care Research Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Sangsoo Shin
- Centre for Mental Health, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Vikas Arya
- Centre for Mental Health, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Louis Appleby
- National Confidential Inquiry into Suicide and Safety in Mental Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - S. M. Yasir Arafat
- Department of Psychiatry, Enam Medical College and Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Ella Arensman
- School of Public Health, National Suicide Research Foundation, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Australian Institute for Suicide Research and Prevention, School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Jose Luis Ayuso-Mateos
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Centre for Biomedical Research in Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Yatan Pal Singh Balhara
- National Drug Dependence Treatment Center and Department of Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Jason Bantjes
- Alcohol, Tobacco and Other Drug Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
- Institute for Life Course Health Research, Department of Global Health, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Anna Baran
- Working Group on Prevention of Suicide and Depression at Public Health Council, Ministry of Health, Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Medicine and Optometry, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden
- Department of Psychiatry, Blekinge Hospital, Karlshamn, Sweden
| | - Chittaranjan Behera
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Jose Bertolote
- Department of Neurology, Psychology and Psychiatry, Botucatu Medical School, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Borges
- Department of Global Mental Health, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramon de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Michael Bray
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Petrana Brečić
- Department for Psychiatry, University Psychiatric Hospital Vrapče; School of Medicine University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Eric Caine
- University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Raffaella Calati
- Department of Psychology, University of Milan-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
- Department of Psychiatry, Nimes University Hospital, Nimes, France
| | - Vladimir Carli
- National Centre for Suicide Research and Prevention of Mental Ill-Health (NASP), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Giulio Castelpietra
- Region Friuli Venezia Giulia, Central Health Directorate, Outpatient and Inpatient Care Service, Trieste, Italy
| | - Lai Fong Chan
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, National University of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Shu-Sen Chang
- Institute of Health Behaviors and Community Sciences, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Maria Coss-Guzmán
- Puerto Rico Department of Health's Commission on Suicide Prevention, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - David Crompton
- School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Marko Ćurković
- Department for Medical Ethics, University Psychiatric Hospital Vrapče; School of Medicine University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Rakhi Dandona
- Public Health Foundation of India, Gurugram, India
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, United States
| | - Eva De Jaegere
- Flemish Centre of Expertise in Suicide Prevention, Department of Head and Skin, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Eberhard A. Deisenhammer
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, Psychosomatics and Medical Psychology; University Hospital for Psychiatry 2, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Jeremy Dwyer
- Coroners Court of Victoria, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Annette Erlangsen
- Danish Research Institute for Suicide Prevention, Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Copenhagen Research Centre for Mental Health, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Centre for Mental Health Research, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Jeremy S. Faust
- Brigham and Women's Hospital Department of Emergency Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
| | - Michele Fornaro
- Department of Psychiatry, Neuroscience Institute, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Sarah Fortune
- School of Population Health, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Andrew Garrett
- Coronial Division, Tasmanian Magistrates Court, Hobart, Australia
| | - Guendalina Gentile
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Rebekka Gerstner
- Undersecretary of Health Services, Ministry of Public Health, Quito, Ecuador
- Monitoring and Evaluation, German Institute for Medical Mission, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Renske Gilissen
- 113 Suicide Prevention, Research Department, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Madelyn Gould
- Departments of Psychiatry and Epidemiology, Columbia University Medical Center/New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, United States
| | - Sudhir Kumar Gupta
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Keith Hawton
- Centre for Suicide Research, Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Franziska Holz
- Institute of Legal Medicine, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Iurii Kamenshchikov
- Udmurtia Republican Clinical Psychiatric Hospital, Izhevsk, Russian Federation
| | - Navneet Kapur
- Centre for Mental Health and Safety and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Patient Safety Translational Research Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Greater Manchester Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Alexandr Kasal
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czechia
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Murad Khan
- Department of Psychiatry, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | | | - Duleeka Knipe
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Kairi Kõlves
- Australian Institute for Suicide Research and Prevention, School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Sarah C. Kölzer
- Institute of Legal Medicine, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Hryhorii Krivda
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Odessa National Medical University, Odessa, Ukraine
| | - Stuart Leske
- Australian Institute for Suicide Research and Prevention, School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Fabio Madeddu
- Department of Psychology, University of Milan-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrew Marshall
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, MA, United States
| | - Anjum Memon
- Department of Primary Care and Public Health, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - Ellenor Mittendorfer-Rutz
- Division of Insurance Medicine, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Paul Nestadt
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Nikolay Neznanov
- Bekhterev National Medical Research Center of Psychiatry and Neurology, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation
- Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Thomas Niederkrotenthaler
- Unit Suicide Research and Mental Health Promotion, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Emma Nielsen
- School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Merete Nordentoft
- Danish Research Institute for Suicide Prevention, Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Herwig Oberlerchner
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy; Klinikum Klagenfurt am Wörthersee, Klagenfurt, Austria
| | - Rory C. O'Connor
- Suicidal Behaviour Research Lab, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland
| | - Rainer Papsdorf
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Timo Partonen
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Michael R. Phillips
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Departments of Psychiatry and Epidemiology, Columbia University, New York, United States
| | - Steve Platt
- Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Gwendolyn Portzky
- Flemish Centre of Expertise in Suicide Prevention, Department of Head and Skin, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Georg Psota
- Psychosocial Services in Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ping Qin
- National Centre for Suicide Research and Prevention, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Daniel Radeloff
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Andreas Reif
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt - Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Christine Reif-Leonhard
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt - Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Mohsen Rezaeian
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Occupational Environment Research Center, Medical School, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Nayda Román-Vázquez
- Puerto Rico Department of Health's Commission on Suicide Prevention, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Saska Roskar
- National Institute of Public Health, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Vsevolod Rozanov
- Bekhterev National Medical Research Center of Psychiatry and Neurology, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation
- Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Grant Sara
- System Information and Analytics Branch, NSW Ministry of Health, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Barbara Schneider
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt - Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- LVR Klinik Köln, Department of Addictive Disorders, Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Cologne, Germany
| | - Natalia Semenova
- Organizational-Scientific Department, Bekhterev National Medical Research Center of Psychiatry and Neurology, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Mark Sinyor
- Department of Psychiatry, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Stefano Tambuzzi
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Ellen Townsend
- School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Michiko Ueda
- Waseda University, Faculty of Political Science and Economics, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Danuta Wasserman
- National Centre for Suicide Research and Prevention of Mental Ill-Health (NASP), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Roger T. Webb
- Centre for Mental Health and Safety and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Patient Safety Translational Research Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Petr Winkler
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czechia
| | - Paul S.F. Yip
- Hong Kong Jockey Club Centre for Suicide Research and Prevention, Department of Social Work and Social Administration, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Gil Zalsman
- Geha Mental Health Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Riccardo Zoja
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Ann John
- Swansea University Medical School, Swansea, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew J. Spittal
- Centre for Mental Health, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
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Sass C, Farley K, Brennan C. "They have more than enough to do than patch up people like me." Experiences of seeking support for self-harm in lockdown during the COVID-19 pandemic. J Psychiatr Ment Health Nurs 2022; 29:544-554. [PMID: 35403770 PMCID: PMC9115186 DOI: 10.1111/jpm.12834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
WHAT IS KNOWN ON THE SUBJECT?: In the initial months of the pandemic, there was no significant increase in demand for mental health services During the pandemic, there was an increase in people reporting an increase in suicidal thoughts. Understanding of the experience of seeking help for self-harm during lockdown is lacking, in terms of availability and accessibility of support services WHAT THE PAPER ADDS TO EXISTING KNOWLEDGE?: People who self-harm found that their support structures were significantly impacted by lockdown Lockdown presented relational difficulties for people who self-harm WHAT ARE THE IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE?: Learning about the experience of receiving support from mental health liaison services during lockdown from a first-hand perspective is essential to improving the provision of these services in the future. In times of national crisis, services should be prepared to support clients via alternative means including telephone and online. Public facing messages about service availability should be carefully expressed to minimize misunderstandings. ABSTRACT: Introduction National lockdown caused disruption to health services and third-sector organizations offering support to people who self-harm. Early reports suggested self-harm-related hospital attendances declined. Lack of knowledge related to the availability and accessibility of support provisions for people who self-harm warrants exploration into how they experienced help-seeking during lockdown. Aims This study aimed to explore the experiences of people who self-harm and perspectives on help-seeking. Method We conducted a qualitative study based on telephone and email interviews with 14 people who self-harm in England. Results Participants identified challenges to coping with life in lockdown, emphasizing the role of self-harm. Help-seeking was impeded by feeling like a burden and potential for spreading the virus. People who self-harm exercised self-reliance in response to "stay home" messaging, but some may have struggled without formal support. Online support served an important role in continuity of care during lockdown but could widen inequalities from limited resources and access. Implications for practice Helping mental health liaison nurses to understand the experiences of people who self-harm during lockdown is critical to providing continuing support to this population. Services should consider how and when they communicate changes to their provisions to the public, and the impact this will have on those in need of support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cara Sass
- Leeds Institute of Health Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Kate Farley
- Leeds Institute of Health Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Cathy Brennan
- Leeds Institute of Health Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
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Borschmann R, Moran PA. Adversity, social support and risk of self-harm during the COVID-19 pandemic. BJPsych Open 2022; 8:e141. [PMID: 35876072 PMCID: PMC9314317 DOI: 10.1192/bjo.2022.553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Little is known about the degree to which social factors interact with COVID-19-related adversity to increase the risk of self-harm thoughts and behaviours. Using data derived from a UK cohort study, Paul & Fancourt found that loneliness was associated with an increase in the odds of self-harm thoughts and behaviours, whereas high-quality social support protected against self-harm thoughts and behaviours. The authors concluded that it is the quality of social support and interactions, rather than the act of engaging in social interaction per se, that protects against self-harm in the context of adversity. The COVID-19 pandemic may exert longer-lasting effects on population mental health, and continued surveillance of mental health, including self-harm status, will be essential. If accompanied by appropriate measures of the availability and quality of social support, such monitoring could also inform the development of more effective adaptive interventions for those at risk of engaging in self-harm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohan Borschmann
- Justice Health Unit, Centre for Health Equity, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Australia; and Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia; and Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, UK; and Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Paul A Moran
- Centre for Academic Mental Health, Department of Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, UK
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Perry SW, Rainey JC, Allison S, Bastiampillai T, Wong ML, Licinio J, Sharfstein SS, Wilcox HC. Achieving health equity in US suicides: a narrative review and commentary. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:1360. [PMID: 35840968 PMCID: PMC9284959 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-13596-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Suicide rates in the United States (US) reached a peak in 2018 and declined in 2019 and 2020, with substantial and often growing disparities by age, sex, race/ethnicity, geography, veteran status, sexual minority status, socioeconomic status, and method employed (means disparity). In this narrative review and commentary, we highlight these many disparities in US suicide deaths, then examine the possible causes and potential solutions, with the overarching goal of reducing suicide death disparities to achieve health equity. The data implicate untreated, undertreated, or unidentified depression or other mental illness, and access to firearms, as two modifiable risk factors for suicide across all groups. The data also reveal firearm suicides increasing sharply and linearly with increasing county rurality, while suicide rates by falls (e.g., from tall structures) decrease linearly by increasing rurality, and suicide rates by other means remain fairly constant regardless of relative county urbanization. In addition, for all geographies, gun suicides are significantly higher in males than females, and highest in ages 51–85 + years old for both sexes. Of all US suicides from 1999–2019, 55% of male suicides and 29% of female suicides were by gun in metropolitan (metro) areas, versus 65% (Male) and 42% (Female) suicides by gun in non-metro areas. Guns accounted for 89% of suicides in non-metro males aged 71–85 + years old. Guns (i.e., employment of more lethal means) are also thought to be a major reason why males have, on average, 2–4 times higher suicide rates than women, despite having only 1/4—1/2 as many suicide attempts as women. Overall the literature and data strongly implicate firearm access as a risk factor for suicide across all populations, and even more so for male, rural, and older populations. To achieve the most significant results in suicide prevention across all groups, we need 1) more emphasis on policies and universal programs to reduce suicidal behaviors, and 2) enhanced population-based strategies for ameliorating the two most prominent modifiable targets for suicide prevention: depression and firearms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seth W Perry
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, College of Medicine, State University of New York (SUNY, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA. .,Department of Neuroscience & Physiology, College of Medicine, State University of New York (SUNY, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA. .,Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, State University of New York (SUNY, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA. .,Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, State University of New York (SUNY, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA.
| | - Jacob C Rainey
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Stephen Allison
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Tarun Bastiampillai
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia.,Mind and Brain Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, Australia.,Department of Psychiatry, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Ma-Li Wong
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, College of Medicine, State University of New York (SUNY, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA.,Department of Neuroscience & Physiology, College of Medicine, State University of New York (SUNY, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Julio Licinio
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, College of Medicine, State University of New York (SUNY, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA.,Department of Neuroscience & Physiology, College of Medicine, State University of New York (SUNY, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia.,Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, State University of New York (SUNY, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, State University of New York (SUNY, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Steven S Sharfstein
- Sheppard Pratt Health System, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Holly C Wilcox
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Knowles JRP, Gray NS, O'Connor C, Pink J, Simkiss NJ, Snowden RJ. The Role of Hope and Resilience in Protecting Against Suicidal thoughts and Behaviors During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Arch Suicide Res 2022; 26:1487-1504. [PMID: 33999758 DOI: 10.1080/13811118.2021.1923599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted the mental health and wellbeing of populations across the world. This study aimed to examine: (1) which specific aspects of the COVID-19 pandemic were associated with the presence of suicidal thoughts and behaviors, and (2) the extent to which participants' hopelessness and resilience moderated the relationship between COVID-19 related stress and suicidal thoughts and behaviors. METHOD We administered an online survey to 12,989 adult (16+) participants across Wales from the 9th June to the 13th July 2020. Participants completed a series of questionnaires measuring the stressors they had experienced during the COVID-19 pandemic, their levels of hopelessness over the past two weeks, their levels of resilience, and whether they had experienced suicidal thoughts or behaviors since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. RESULTS Our findings revealed that: (1) food insecurity, domestic abuse, relationship problems, redundancy, social isolation and financial problems were the COVID-19 related stressors most strongly associated with suicidal thoughts and behaviors, and (2) that both hopelessness and resilience moderated the relationship between COVID-19 stress and suicidal thoughts, such that the relationship between COVID-19 stress and the presence of suicidal thoughts was much stronger for individuals with high hopelessness and low resilience. CONCLUSIONS These results highlight the aspects of the COVID-19 pandemic that are closely related to suicidal thoughts and behaviors and demonstrate the important role that hope for the future and resilience play in protecting individuals against the negative effects of the COVID-19 pandemic.HighlightsStressors caused by the pandemic are linked to increased suicidal thoughts.Hope protects individuals against the negative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic.Resilience also protects people from the negative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Golubovic ST, Zikic O, Nikolic G, Kostic J, Simonovic M, Binic I, Gugleta U. Possible impact of COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown on suicide behavior among patients in Southeast Serbia. Open Med (Wars) 2022; 17:1045-1056. [PMID: 35794999 PMCID: PMC9175012 DOI: 10.1515/med-2022-0488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Individuals with serious mental illness are more affected by emotional reactions, including suicidal behavior due to COVID‐19 and psychosocial consequences of pandemic. The current cross-sectional study aimed to explore the possible association of COVID-19 and suicidal behavior (suicide ideation and attempt) before and during pandemic-associated lockdown in Serbia. We retrospectively reviewed the clinical records of 104 adult psychiatric inpatients admitted at Psychiatric Clinic, University Clinic Center Niš, Serbia, after ending lockdown and compared the obtained results with 181 adult psychiatric inpatients admitted during the same period in 2019 and 2018. Suicide ideation were more frequent in 2020 comparing with 2019 and 2018 (25 vs 12.5%, vs 9.41%; p < 0.05). Around 28% of patients with suicide attempts were exposed daily to the information related to COVID-19 coming from social media, while this frequency was significantly lower, only 7.55% (p < 0.1), among patients with no suicide ideation or attempts. Adjustment disorder was more frequent among patients with suicide attempts in comparison to the patients with suicide ideation (32 vs 11%), especially in patients without suicide ideation and attempts (32 vs 0%, p < 0.001). Of all studied patients with suicide attempts during 2020, 60% were not in the previous psychiatric treatment before admission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzana Tosic Golubovic
- Psychiatric Clinic, University Clinic Center Nis , Nis , Serbia
- University of Nis, Medical Faculty , Bul. Zorana Djindjica 88 , 18000 Nis , Serbia
| | - Olivera Zikic
- University of Nis, Medical Faculty , Bul. Zorana Djindjica 88 , 18000 Nis , Serbia
- Center for Mental Health Protection, University Clinic Center Nis , Nis , Serbia
| | - Gordana Nikolic
- University of Nis, Medical Faculty , Bul. Zorana Djindjica 88 , 18000 Nis , Serbia
- Center for Mental Health Protection, University Clinic Center Nis , Nis , Serbia
| | - Jelena Kostic
- University of Nis, Medical Faculty , Bul. Zorana Djindjica 88 , 18000 Nis , Serbia
- Center for Mental Health Protection, University Clinic Center Nis , Nis , Serbia
| | - Maja Simonovic
- University of Nis, Medical Faculty , Bul. Zorana Djindjica 88 , 18000 Nis , Serbia
- Center for Mental Health Protection, University Clinic Center Nis , Nis , Serbia
| | - Iva Binic
- Psychiatric Clinic, University Clinic Center Nis , Nis , Serbia
| | - Uros Gugleta
- Psychiatric Clinic, University Clinic Center Nis , Nis , Serbia
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Mokhtari AK, Maurer LR, Dezube M, Langeveld K, Wong YM, Hardman C, Hafiz S, Sharrah M, Soe-Lin H, Chapple KM, Peralta R, Rattan R, Butler C, Parks JJ, Mendoza AE, Velmahos GC, Saillant NN. Adding to the story, did penetrating trauma really increase? changes in trauma patterns during the COVID-19 pandemic: A multi-institutional, multi-region investigation. Injury 2022; 53:1979-1986. [PMID: 35232568 PMCID: PMC8841004 DOI: 10.1016/j.injury.2022.02.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Results from single-region studies suggest that stay at home orders (SAHOs) had unforeseen consequences on the volume and patterns of traumatic injury during the initial months of the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The aim of this study was to describe, using a multi-regional approach, the effects of COVID-19 SAHOs on trauma volume and patterns of traumatic injury in the US. METHODS A retrospective cohort study was performed at four verified Level I trauma centers spanning three geographical regions across the United States (US). The study period spanned from April 1, 2020 - July 31, 2020 including a month-matched 2019 cohort. Patients were categorized into pre-COVID-19 (PCOV19) and first COVID-19 surge (FCOV19S) cohorts. Patient demographic, injury, and outcome data were collected via Trauma Registry queries. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed. RESULTS A total 5,616 patients presented to participating study centers during the PCOV19 (2,916) and FCOV19S (2,700) study periods. Blunt injury volume decreased (p = 0.006) due to a significant reduction in the number of motor vehicle collisions (MVCs) (p = 0.003). Penetrating trauma experienced a significant increase, 8% (246/2916) in 2019 to 11% (285/2,700) in 2020 (p = 0.007), which was associated with study site (p = 0.002), not SAHOs. Finally, study site was significantly associated with changes in nearly all injury mechanisms, whereas SAHOs accounted for observed decreases in calculated weekly averages of blunt injuries (p < 0.02) and MVCs (p = 0.003). CONCLUSION Results of this study suggest that COVID-19 and initial SAHOs had variable consequences on patterns of traumatic injury, and that region-specific shifts in traumatic injury ensued during initial SAHOs. These results suggest that other factors, potentially socioeconomic or cultural, confound trauma volumes and types arising from SAHOs. Future analyses must consider how regional changes may be obscured with pooled cohorts, and focus on characterizing community-level changes to aid municipal preparation for future similar events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ava K Mokhtari
- Division of Trauma, Emergency Surgery and Surgical Critical Care, Massachusetts General Hospital, 165 Cambridge Street, Suite 810 Boston, MA 02114, USA,Corresponding author
| | - Lydia R Maurer
- Division of Trauma, Emergency Surgery and Surgical Critical Care, Massachusetts General Hospital, 165 Cambridge Street, Suite 810 Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Michael Dezube
- Division of Trauma, Emergency Surgery and Surgical Critical Care, Massachusetts General Hospital, 165 Cambridge Street, Suite 810 Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Kimberly Langeveld
- Division of Trauma, Emergency Surgery and Surgical Critical Care, Massachusetts General Hospital, 165 Cambridge Street, Suite 810 Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Yee M. Wong
- Division of Trauma, Department of Surgery, Wright State University/Miami Valley Hospital, 128 E. Apple Street, Suite 7000, Dayton, OH 45409, USA
| | - Claire Hardman
- Division of Trauma, Department of Surgery, Wright State University/Miami Valley Hospital, 128 E. Apple Street, Suite 7000, Dayton, OH 45409, USA
| | - Shabnam Hafiz
- Division of Trauma and Critical Care Surgery, WellSpan – York Hospital 1001 South George Street, York, PA, USA
| | - Mark Sharrah
- Division of Trauma and Critical Care Surgery, WellSpan – York Hospital 1001 South George Street, York, PA, USA
| | - Hahn Soe-Lin
- Division of Trauma, Dignity Health St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, 350 W Thomas Rd, Phoenix, Arizona, 85013, USA
| | - Kristina M Chapple
- Division of Trauma, Dignity Health St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, 350 W Thomas Rd, Phoenix, Arizona, 85013, USA
| | - Rafael Peralta
- Division of Trauma, Dignity Health St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, 350 W Thomas Rd, Phoenix, Arizona, 85013, USA
| | - Rishi Rattan
- Division of Trauma and Surgical Critical Care, DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, Jackson Memorial Hospital, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, 1611 NW 12th Ave, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Caroline Butler
- Department of Surgery, Morehouse School of Medicine, Grady Memorial Hospital, Atlanta, GA, 80 Jesse Hill Jr Drive SE, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Jonathan J Parks
- Division of Trauma, Emergency Surgery and Surgical Critical Care, Massachusetts General Hospital, 165 Cambridge Street, Suite 810 Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - April E Mendoza
- Division of Trauma, Emergency Surgery and Surgical Critical Care, Massachusetts General Hospital, 165 Cambridge Street, Suite 810 Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - George C. Velmahos
- Division of Trauma, Emergency Surgery and Surgical Critical Care, Massachusetts General Hospital, 165 Cambridge Street, Suite 810 Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Noelle N. Saillant
- Division of Trauma, Emergency Surgery and Surgical Critical Care, Massachusetts General Hospital, 165 Cambridge Street, Suite 810 Boston, MA 02114, USA
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Liang SW, Liu LL, Peng XD, Chen JB, Huang AD, Wang XY, Zhao JB, Fan F, Liu XC. Prevalence and associated factors of suicidal ideation among college students during the COVID-19 pandemic in China: a 3-wave repeated survey. BMC Psychiatry 2022; 22:336. [PMID: 35570282 PMCID: PMC9107580 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-022-03968-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, a major public health crisis, harms individuals' mental health. This 3-wave repeated survey aimed to examine the prevalence and correlates of suicidal ideation at different stages of the COVID-19 pandemic in a large sample of college students in China. METHODS Using a repeated cross-sectional survey design, we conducted 3 online surveys of college students during the COVID-19 pandemic at 22 universities in Guandong, China. The 3 surveys were conducted during the outbreak period (T1: 3 February to 10 February 2020, N = 164,101), remission period (T2: 24 March to 3 April 2020, N = 148,384), and normalized prevention and control period (T3: 1 June to 15 June 2020, N = 159,187). Suicidal ideation was measured by the ninth item of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9. A range of suicide-related factors was assessed, including sociodemographic characteristics, depression, anxiety, insomnia, pre-existing mental health problems, and COVID-19-related factors. RESULTS The prevalence of suicidal ideation was 8.5%, 11.0% and 12.6% at T1, T2, and T3, respectively. Male sex (aOR: 1.35-1.44, Ps < 0.001), poor self-perceived mental health (aOR: 2.25-2.81, Ps < 0.001), mental diseases (aOR: 1.52-2.09, P < 0.001), prior psychological counseling (aOR: 1.23-1.37, Ps < 0.01), negative perception of the risk of the COVID-19 epidemic (aOR: 1.14-1.36, Ps < 0.001), depressive symptoms (aOR: 2.51-303, Ps < 0.001) and anxiety symptoms (aOR: 1.62-101.11, Ps < 0.001) were associated with an increased risk of suicidal ideation. CONCLUSION Suicidal ideation appeared to increase during the COVID-19 pandemic remission period among college students in China. Multiple factors, especially mental health problems, are associated with suicidal ideation. Psychosocial interventions should be implemented during and after the COVID-19 pandemic to reduce suicide risk among college students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun-Wei Liang
- Department of Psychology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Mental Health Education and Counseling Center, Guangzhou Academy of Fine Arts, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li-Li Liu
- Department of Psychology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Dan Peng
- Department of Psychology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian-Bin Chen
- Department of Psychology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Mental Health Education and Counseling Center, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - An-di Huang
- Department of Psychology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xia-Yong Wang
- Department of Psychology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing-Bo Zhao
- Department of Psychology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
- Mental Health Education and Counseling Center, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Fang Fan
- School of Psychology, Center for Studies of Psychological Application, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, Guangdong, China
| | - Xian-Chen Liu
- Center for Public Health Initiatives, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Obidoa M, Bello R, Hardman S. Self‐harm in an older adult population during the
COVID
‐19 pandemic. PROGRESS IN NEUROLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pnp.747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Obidoa
- Dr Obidoa is a Consultant Liaison Psychiatrist at Great Western Hospital, Swindon, Avon and Wiltshire Mental Health NHS Partnership Trust
| | - Rakiya Bello
- Dr Bello is a Core Psychiatry Trainee at Tatchbury Mount, Southern Health NHS Foundation Trust
| | - Stephen Hardman
- Dr Hardman is a Clinical Research Fellow at Kingshill Research Centre, Victoria Centre, Swindon
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Costanza A, Amerio A, Aguglia A, Serafini G, Amore M, Hasler R, Ambrosetti J, Bondolfi G, Sampogna G, Berardelli I, Fiorillo A, Pompili M, Nguyen KD. Hyper/neuroinflammation in COVID-19 and suicide etiopathogenesis: Hypothesis for a nefarious collision? Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 136:104606. [PMID: 35289272 PMCID: PMC8916836 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating scientific and clinical evidence highlighted pathological hyperinflammation as a cardinal feature of SARS-CoV-2 infection and acute COVID-19 disease. With the emergence of long COVID-19 syndrome, several chronic health consequences, including neuropsychiatric sequelae, have gained attention from the public and medical communities. Since inflammatory mediators have also been accredited as putative biomarkers of suicidal ideations and behaviors, hyper- and neuroinflammation might share some colliding points, overlapping and being interconnected in the context of COVID-19. This review aims to provide a summary of current knowledge on the molecular and cellular mechanisms of COVID-19-associated hyper/neuroinflammation with focus on their relevance to the inflammatory hypothesis of suicide development. Subsequently, strategies to alleviate COVID-19 hyper/neuroinflammation by immunomodulatory agents (many of which at experimental stages) as well as psychopharmacologic/psychotherapeutic approaches are also mentioned. While suicide risk in COVID-19 survivors - until now little known - needs further analysis through longitudinal studies, current observations and mechanistic postulates warrant additional attention to this possibly emerging mental health concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Costanza
- Departement of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva (UNIGE), Geneva, Switzerland; Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera Italiana (USI), Lugano, Switzerland.
| | - A Amerio
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), Section of Psychiatry, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - A Aguglia
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), Section of Psychiatry, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - G Serafini
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), Section of Psychiatry, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - M Amore
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), Section of Psychiatry, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - R Hasler
- Departement of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva (UNIGE), Geneva, Switzerland; Department of Psychiatry, Service of Psychiatric Specialties, University Hospitals of Geneva (HUG), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - J Ambrosetti
- Department of Psychiatry and Department of Emergency, Emergency Psychiatric Unit (UAUP), Geneva University Hospitals (HUG), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - G Bondolfi
- Departement of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva (UNIGE), Geneva, Switzerland; Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera Italiana (USI), Lugano, Switzerland; Department of Psychiatry, Service of Liaison Psychiatry and Crisis Intervention (SPLIC), University Hospitals (HUG), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - G Sampogna
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - I Berardelli
- Sant'Andrea Hospital, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - A Fiorillo
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - M Pompili
- Sant'Andrea Hospital, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - K D Nguyen
- Tranquis Therapeutics, Palo Alto, CA, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
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Maloy A, Main A, Murphy C, Coleman L, Dodd R, Lynch J, Larkin D, Flowers P. “I Think Friendship Over This Lockdown Like Saved My Life”—Student Experiences of Maintaining Friendships During COVID-19 Lockdown: An Interpretative Phenomenological Study. Front Psychol 2022; 13:861192. [PMID: 35645891 PMCID: PMC9138709 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.861192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 lockdown presented a novel opportunity to study the experiences of people attempting to maintain friendships in the context of worldwide, government-enforced physical distancing and lockdown. Here we report on an experiential, idiographic qualitative project with a purposive sample of Scottish students. Data was collected via one-to-one on-line interviews with nine student participants (N = 9). Data was transcribed and analyzed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA). Analysis highlighted three group-level experiential themes (GETs) and associated subthemes. Participants’ shared experiences of maintaining friendships were reflected in a dynamic process by which (1) ‘changes to communication’ were associated with experiences of (2) ‘effort and balance’ across friendships. Participants reported becoming particularly aware of the psychological processes involved in maintaining friendships, in turn, this was associated with (3) ‘reflection and growth.’ These experiential findings resonate well with several longstanding classic theories; however, they also speak to the particularities of the context in which the study was conducted. They suggest the need for a pandemic psychology that moves beyond the typical focus on the direct impacts of infectious disease to address the wider psychosocial impacts with equal vigor.
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DelPozo-Banos M, Lee SC, Friedmann Y, Akbari A, Torabi F, Lloyd K, Lyons RA, John A. Healthcare contacts with self-harm during COVID-19: An e-cohort whole-population-based study using individual-level linked routine electronic health records in Wales, UK, 2016-March 2021. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0266967. [PMID: 35476839 PMCID: PMC9045644 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0266967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Reduced rates of help seeking by those who self-harmed during the COVID-19 pandemic have been reported. OBJECTIVES To understand changes in healthcare service contacts for self-harm during the COVID-19 pandemic across primary, emergency and secondary care. METHODS This retrospective cohort study used routine electronic healthcare data for Wales, United Kingdom, from 2016 to March 14, 2021. Population-based data from primary care, emergency departments and hospital admissions were linked at individual-level. All Welsh residents aged ≥10 years over the study period were included in the study. Primary, emergency and secondary care contacts with self-harm at any time between 2016 and March 14, 2021 were identified. Outcomes were counts, incidence, prevalence and proportion of self-harm contacts relative to all contacts in each and all settings, as well as the proportion of people contacting one or more settings with self-harm. Weekly trends were modelled using generalised estimated equations, with differences between 2020 (to March 2021) and comparison years 2016-2018 (to March 2017-2019) quantified using difference in differences, from which mean rate of odds ratios (μROR) across years was reported. RESULTS The study included 3,552,210 individuals over the study period. Self-harm contacts reduced across services in March and December 2020 compared to previous years. Primary care contacts with self-harm reduced disproportionately compared to non-self-harm contacts (μROR = 0.7, p<0.05), while their proportion increased in emergency departments during April 2020 (μROR = 1.3, p<0.05 in 2/3 comparison years) and hospital admissions during April-May 2020 (μROR = 1.2, p<0.05 in 2/3 comparison years). Despite this, those who self-harmed in April 2020 were more likely to be seen in primary care than other settings compared to previous years (μROR = 1.2, p<0.05). A lower proportion of those with self-harm contacts in emergency departments were subsequently admitted to hospital in December 2020 compared to previous years (μROR = 0.5, p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that those who self-harmed during the COVID-19 pandemic may have been less likely to seek help, and those who did so faced more stringent criteria for admission. Communications encouraging those who self-harm to seek help during pandemics may be beneficial. However, this needs to be supported by maintained provision of mental health services.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - S. C. Lee
- Swansea University Medical School, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Y. Friedmann
- Swansea University Medical School, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - A. Akbari
- Population Data Science, Swansea University Medical School, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - F. Torabi
- Population Data Science, Swansea University Medical School, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - K. Lloyd
- Swansea University Medical School, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - R. A. Lyons
- Swansea University Medical School, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - A. John
- Swansea University Medical School, Wales, United Kingdom
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Kaggwa MM, Rukundo GZ, Wakida EK, Maling S, Sserumaga BM, Atim LM, Obua C. Suicide and Suicide Attempts Among Patients Attending Primary Health Care Facilities in Uganda: A Medical Records Review. Risk Manag Healthc Policy 2022; 15:703-711. [PMID: 35469181 PMCID: PMC9034861 DOI: 10.2147/rmhp.s358187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Suicide is one of the leading causes of death globally, accounting for about 800,000 deaths annually. The suicide burden drastically increased since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic. In Uganda, no known study has determined the suicide rate since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic. Objective To determine the suicide mortality rate and describe the characteristics of victims of suicide attempts from January to December 2020 in south western Uganda. Methods This study was based on the health management information systems (HMIS) of patients' registered data for the year 2020 at 15 selected primary health care facilities in four districts in south-western Uganda. We used a data extraction tool to capture demographic and clinical characteristics of the individuals who had attempted or completed suicide. We estimated yearly incidence rates of fatal and non-fatal suicide attempts, and used chi-square and t-test to determine the statistical difference between suicide attempt outcomes. Results A total of 130 non-fatal suicide attempts and 26 suicides were identified. Majority were male 69.87% (n = 109/156) and the mean age was 27.16 (SD = 14.71) years. The overall incidence of suicide attempts was about 60 attempts per 100,000 people, while that of completed suicide was about three deaths per 100,000 people. The suicide attempts increased following the first month of COVID-19 lockdown in the country (March 2020) and most individuals attempted suicide by poisoning (n = 144). Conclusion Suicide is a common occurrence in primary health care settings of Uganda and there has been a rapid increase in suicide attempts since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. With suicide by poisoning being common, there is need for proactive interventions, such as the control of pesticides and herbicides, to prevent suicide among members of this community, especially during pandemic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Mohan Kaggwa
- Department of Psychiatry, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
- African Centre for Suicide Prevention and Research, Mbarara, Uganda
| | - Godfrey Zari Rukundo
- Department of Psychiatry, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
- African Centre for Suicide Prevention and Research, Mbarara, Uganda
| | - Edith K Wakida
- African Centre for Suicide Prevention and Research, Mbarara, Uganda
- Office of Research Administration, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
- Department of Medical Education, California University of Science and Medicine, San Barnardino, CA, United States of America
| | - Samuel Maling
- Department of Psychiatry, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
| | - Baker Makaya Sserumaga
- Department of Psychiatry, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
- African Centre for Suicide Prevention and Research, Mbarara, Uganda
| | - Letizia Maria Atim
- Department of Psychiatry, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
- African Centre for Suicide Prevention and Research, Mbarara, Uganda
| | - Celestino Obua
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
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Examining the association between the COVID-19 pandemic and self-harm death counts in four Canadian provinces. Psychiatry Res 2022; 310:114433. [PMID: 35152070 PMCID: PMC8816901 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2022.114433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Governments implemented lockdowns and other physical distancing measures to stop the spread of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19). Resulting unemployment, income loss, poverty, and social isolation, coupled with daily reports of dire news about the COVID-19 pandemic, could serve as catalysts for increased self-harm deaths (SHD). This ecological study examined whether observed SHD counts were higher than predicted SHD counts during the pandemic period in the Canadian provinces of Alberta, British Columbia, Ontario, and Québec. The study also explored whether SHD counts during the pandemic were affected by lockdown severity (measured using the lockdown stringency index [LSI]) and COVID-19 case numbers. We utilized publicly available SHD data from January 2018 through November 2020, and employed AutoRegressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) modelling, to predict SHD during the COVID-19 period (March 21 to November 28, 2020). We used Poisson and negative binomial regression to assess ecological associations between the LSI and COVID-19 case numbers, controlling for seasonality, and SHD counts during the COVID-19 period. On average, observed SHD counts were lower than predicted counts during this period (p < 0.05 [except Alberta]). Additionally, LSI and COVID-19 case numbers were not statistically significantly associated with SHD counts.
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Dizon JIWT, Mendoza NB, Mordeno IG, Nalipay MJN. Validating the Suicide Behavior Questionnaire-Revised among Filipino adults during the COVID-19 pandemic. DEATH STUDIES 2022; 47:159-163. [PMID: 35175175 DOI: 10.1080/07481187.2022.2039327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The study aimed to examine the validity of the Suicide Behavior Questionnaire-Revised (SBQ-R) among adult Filipinos experiencing severe depression symptoms during the COVID-19-related lockdowns in 2020. Results support SBQ-R's internal reliability. Confirmatory factor analyses supported SBQ-R's one-factor structure and its measurement invariance across gender and age. The SBQ-R's positive relationship with negative affect and its negative relationships with positive affect and family support demonstrate the questionnaire's criterion-related validity. The SBQ-R's cutoff of ≥8 shows that 78% of the sample were at-risk for suicide. The SBQ-R is valid in assessing suicide risk among severely depressed adults during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Ian Wilzon T Dizon
- Department of Psychology, College of Arts and Sciences, Angeles University Foundation, Angeles City, Philippines
| | - Norman B Mendoza
- Department of Curriculum and Instruction, The Education University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Imelu G Mordeno
- College of Education, Mindanao State University-Iligan Institute of Technology, Iligan City, Philippines
| | - Ma Jenina N Nalipay
- Department of Curriculum and Instruction, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China
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46
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Steeg S, Carr M, Trefan L, Ashcroft D, Kapur N, Nielsen E, McMillan B, Webb R. Primary care clinical management following self-harm during the first wave of COVID-19 in the UK: population-based cohort study. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e052613. [PMID: 35165109 PMCID: PMC8844953 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-052613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES A substantial reduction in self-harm recorded in primary care occurred during the first wave of COVID-19 but effects on primary care management of self-harm are unknown. Our objectives were to examine the impact of COVID-19 on clinical management within 3 months of an episode of self-harm. DESIGN Retrospective cohort study. SETTING UK primary care. PARTICIPANTS 4238 patients with an index episode of self-harm recorded in UK primary care during the COVID-19 first-wave period (10 March 2020-10 June 2020) compared with 48 739 patients in a prepandemic comparison period (10 March-10 June, 2010-2019). OUTCOME MEASURES Using data from the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink, we compared cohorts of patients with an index self-harm episode recorded during the prepandemic period versus the COVID-19 first-wave period. Patients were followed up for 3 months to capture subsequent general practitioner (GP)/practice nurse consultation, referral to mental health services and psychotropic medication prescribing. We examined differences by gender, age group and Index of Multiple Deprivation quintile. RESULTS Likelihood of having at least one GP/practice nurse consultation was broadly similar (83.2% vs 80.3% in the COVID-19 cohort). The proportion of patients referred to mental health services in the COVID-19 cohort (4.2%) was around two-thirds of that in the prepandemic cohort (6.1%). Similar proportions were prescribed psychotropic medication within 3 months in the prepandemic (54.0%) and COVID-19 first-wave (54.9%) cohorts. CONCLUSIONS Despite the challenges experienced by primary healthcare teams during the initial COVID-19 wave, prescribing and consultation patterns following self-harm were broadly similar to prepandemic levels. We found no evidence of widening of digital exclusion in terms of access to remote consultations. However, the reduced likelihood of referral to mental health services warrants attention. Accessible outpatient and community services for people who have self-harmed are required as the COVID-19 crisis recedes and the population faces new challenges to mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Steeg
- Centre for Mental Health and Safety, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- National Institute for Health Research School for Primary Care Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Matthew Carr
- Centre for Mental Health and Safety, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Centre for Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Greater Manchester Patient Safety Translational Research Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Laszlo Trefan
- Centre for Mental Health and Safety, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Darren Ashcroft
- Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- National Institute for Health Research School for Primary Care Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Centre for Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Greater Manchester Patient Safety Translational Research Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Navneet Kapur
- Centre for Mental Health and Safety, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Greater Manchester Patient Safety Translational Research Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Greater Manchester Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Emma Nielsen
- Self-harm Research Group, School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Brian McMillan
- Centre for Primary Care and Health Services Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Roger Webb
- Centre for Mental Health and Safety, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Greater Manchester Patient Safety Translational Research Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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Keyworth C, Quinlivan L, Leather JZ, O’Connor RC, Armitage CJ. The association between COVID-19-related fear and reported self-harm in a national survey of people with a lifetime history of self-harm. BMC Psychiatry 2022; 22:68. [PMID: 35105313 PMCID: PMC8807142 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-021-03625-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Relatively little is known about the characteristics of people living in the community who have previously self-harmed and may benefit from interventions during and after COVID-19. We therefore aimed to: (a) examine the relationship between reported self-harm and COVID-19-related fear, and (b) describe the characteristics of a community sample of people who reported a lifetime history of self-harm. METHODS A cross-sectional national online survey of UK adults who reported a lifetime history of self-harm (n = 1029) was conducted. Data were collected May - June 2020. Main outcomes were self-reported COVID-19-related fear (based on the Fear of COVID-19 scale [FCV-19S]), lifetime history of COVID-19, and lifetime history of self-harm. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression. Chi-square was used to compare characteristics of our sample with available national data. RESULTS Overall, 75.1, 40.2 and 74.3% of the total sample reported lifetime suicidal ideation, suicidal attempts and non-suicidal self-harm respectively. When adjusting for age, sex, ethnicity, social grade, and exposure to death and suicide, binary logistic regression showed higher levels of perceived symptomatic (or physiological) reactions to COVID-19 were associated with suicidal ideation (OR = 1.22, 95%CI 1.07, 1.39) and suicidal attempts (OR = 3.91, 95%CI 1.18, 12.96) in the past week. CONCLUSIONS Results suggest an urgent need to consider the impact of COVID-19 on people with a lifetime history of self-harm when designing interventions to help support people in reducing suicidal ideation and suicidal attempts. Experiencing symptomatic reactions of fear in particular is associated with self-harm. Helping to support people to develop coping plans in response to threat-related fear is likely to help people at risk of repeat self-harm during public health emergencies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Leah Quinlivan
- grid.5379.80000000121662407NIHR Greater Manchester Patient Safety Translational Research Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Jess Z. Leather
- grid.5379.80000000121662407NIHR Greater Manchester Patient Safety Translational Research Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK ,grid.5379.80000000121662407Manchester Centre for Health Psychology, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Rory C. O’Connor
- grid.8756.c0000 0001 2193 314XSuicidal Behaviour Research Laboratory, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Christopher J. Armitage
- grid.5379.80000000121662407NIHR Greater Manchester Patient Safety Translational Research Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK ,grid.5379.80000000121662407Manchester Centre for Health Psychology, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK ,grid.5379.80000000121662407Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester University Foundation Trust, Manchester, M13 9PL UK
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48
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Chadi N, Ryan NC, Geoffroy MC. COVID-19 and the impacts on youth mental health: emerging evidence from longitudinal studies. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH = REVUE CANADIENNE DE SANTE PUBLIQUE 2022; 113:44-52. [PMID: 35089589 PMCID: PMC8796598 DOI: 10.17269/s41997-021-00567-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Several experts have warned that the current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and associated confinement measures may have taken a devastating toll on youth mental health. While the COVID-19 pandemic has certainly created important challenges for children and youth, these claims vastly rely on cross-sectional data collected during the pandemic, from which it is difficult to draw firm conclusions. In this commentary, we offer a critical appraisal of the evidence from emerging longitudinal studies spanning the pre- and intra-pandemic period with a focus on internalizing and externalizing disorders, suicidality, eating disorders and substance use. We also discuss important research considerations in the monitoring of the long-term impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on youth mental health as well as promising interventions to help mitigate potential long-lasting consequences of this unprecedented public health crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Chadi
- CHU Ste-Justine Research Center, 3175 Ch de La Côte-Sainte-Catherine, Montreal, QC, H3T 1C5, Canada.
- Division of Adolescent Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.
| | - Natalie Castellanos Ryan
- CHU Ste-Justine Research Center, 3175 Ch de La Côte-Sainte-Catherine, Montreal, QC, H3T 1C5, Canada
- School of Psychoeducation, Université de Montréal, 90, Av. Vincent-d'Indy, Montreal, QC, H2V 2S9, Canada
| | - Marie-Claude Geoffroy
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Education and Counselling Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Saladino V, Auriemma V, Campinoti V. Healthcare Professionals, Post-traumatic Stress Disorder, and COVID-19: A Review of the Literature. Front Psychiatry 2022; 12:795221. [PMID: 35126205 PMCID: PMC8813735 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.795221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The recent COVID-19 pandemic impacted healthcare professionals psychologically. They were unprepared to handle such a powerful and unknown virus. Consequently, they had to face situations of extreme distress, developing vicarious traumatization and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The first one is associated with the "cost of caring" for others and affected persons who constantly are exposed to other sufferings. PTSD is a psychiatric disorder that could affect people who have experienced or witnessed a traumatic event. Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and correlated symptoms might impact the lives of healthcare professionals at the personal, professional, and relational levels. Furthermore, the pandemic could decrease the empathy of healthcare professionals, influencing their relationship with patients. This review aimed to describe the incidence of PTSD among HPs during the COVID-19 pandemic. We focused on the following aspects: (a) PTSD symptoms and correlated psychological issues, (b) repercussions at working and personal levels, (c) change in empathetic involvement of healthcare professionals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Saladino
- Department of Human, Social and Health, University of Cassino and Southern Lazio, Cassino, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Auriemma
- Department of Political and Social Studies, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy
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50
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Maleitzke T, Zocholl D, Topp T, Dimitrov-Discher A, Daus E, Reaux G, Zocholl M, Conze RN, Kolster M, Weber P, Fleckenstein FN, Scheutz Henriksen L, Stöckle U, Fuchs T, Gümbel D, Spranger N, Ringk A, Märdian S. Quality and quantity of serious violent suicide attempts during the COVID-19 pandemic. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:927696. [PMID: 35928775 PMCID: PMC9343723 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.927696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND While repeated shutdown and lockdown measures helped contain the spread of SARS-CoV-2 during the COVID-19 pandemic, social distancing and self-isolation negatively impacted global mental health in 2020 and 2021. Although suicide rates did reportedly not increase during the first months of the pandemic, long-term data, and data on the quality of serious violent suicide attempts (SVSAs) are not available to date. MATERIALS AND METHODS Orthopaedic trauma patient visits to the emergency department (ED), ED trauma team activations, and SVSAs were retrospectively evaluated from January 2019 until May 2021 in four Level-I Trauma Centers in Berlin, Germany. SVSAs were assessed for suicide method, injury pattern and severity, type of treatment, and length of hospital stay. RESULTS Significantly fewer orthopaedic trauma patients presented to EDs during the pandemic (n = 70,271) compared to the control (n = 84,864) period (p = 0.0017). ED trauma team activation numbers remained unchanged. SVSAs (corrected for seasonality) also remained unchanged during control (n = 138) and pandemic (n = 129) periods, and no differences were observed for suicide methods, injury patterns, or length of hospital stay. CONCLUSION Our data emphasize that a previously reported rise in psychological stress during the COVID-19 pandemic does not coincide with increased SVSA rates or changes in quality of SVSAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tazio Maleitzke
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Julius Wolff Institute, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, BIH Biomedical Innovation Academy, BIH Charité Clinician Scientist Program, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dario Zocholl
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Biometry and Clinical Epidemiology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tobias Topp
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Orthopaedic, Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Berlin, Germany
| | - Annika Dimitrov-Discher
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Berlin, Germany
| | - Elly Daus
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gabriel Reaux
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Berlin, Germany
| | - Malin Zocholl
- Department of Orthopaedic, Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Vivantes Hospital Friedrichshain, Berlin, Germany
| | - Rolf Nicolas Conze
- Department of Orthopaedic, Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Vivantes Hospital Friedrichshain, Berlin, Germany
| | - Moritz Kolster
- Department of Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, BG Klinikum Unfallkrankenhaus Berlin gGmbH, Berlin, Germany
| | - Philipp Weber
- Center for Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Helios Klinikum Berlin-Buch, Berlin, Germany
| | - Florian Nima Fleckenstein
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, BIH Biomedical Innovation Academy, BIH Charité Clinician Scientist Program, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Louise Scheutz Henriksen
- International Centre for Research and Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Growth and Reproduction, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ulrich Stöckle
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Fuchs
- Department of Orthopaedic, Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Vivantes Hospital Friedrichshain, Berlin, Germany
| | - Denis Gümbel
- Department of Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, BG Klinikum Unfallkrankenhaus Berlin gGmbH, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nikolai Spranger
- Department of Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, BG Klinikum Unfallkrankenhaus Berlin gGmbH, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexander Ringk
- Center for Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Helios Klinikum Berlin-Buch, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sven Märdian
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Berlin, Germany
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