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Zou H, Yu J, Li Z, Liu Y, Wang T, Li T, Lv C, Zhang J. In vitro, in vivo, and in silico evaluation of the glucocorticoid receptor antagonist activity of 3,6-dibromocarbazole. Food Chem Toxicol 2023; 180:114048. [PMID: 37734465 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.114048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
3,6-Dibromocarbazole is a novel environmental contaminant which is currently detected in several environmental media worldwide. This work aims to investigate the anti-glucocorticoid potency and endocrine disrupting effects of 3,6-dibromocarbazole. In vitro experiments indicated that 3,6-dibromocarbazole possessed glucocorticoid receptor (GR) antagonistic activity and inhibited dexamethasone-induced GR nuclear translocation. 3,6-Dibromocarbazole reduced the expression levels of glucocorticoid responsive genes including glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase), phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK), fatty acid synthase (FAS), and tyrosine aminotransferase (TAT), and further disrupted the protein expression of two key enzymes PEPCK and FAS in gluconeogenesis. In vivo experiments showed that 3,6-dibromocarbazole induced abnormal development of zebrafish embryos and disrupted the major neurohormones involved in activation of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) axis in zebrafish larvae. The results of molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation contributed to explain the antagonistic effect of 3,6-dibromocarbazole. Taken together, this work identified 3,6-dibromocarbazole as a GR antagonist, which might exert endocrine disrupting effects by interfering the pathway of gluconeogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyang Zou
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Jia Yu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Zhuolin Li
- Institute of Agro-food Technology, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130033, China
| | - Yao Liu
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar, 161006, China
| | - Tuoyi Wang
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar, 161006, China
| | - Tiezhu Li
- Institute of Agro-food Technology, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130033, China
| | - Chengyu Lv
- Institute of Agro-food Technology, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130033, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China.
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2
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Toso A, Boulahtouf A, Escande A, Garoche C, Balaguer P. A comparative study of human and zebrafish glucocorticoid receptor activities of natural and pharmaceutical steroids. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1235501. [PMID: 37654569 PMCID: PMC10466050 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1235501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The action of environmental steroids on the human glucocorticoid receptor (hGR) has been pointed out with the risk to impair physiological immune and metabolic processes regulated by this nuclear receptor. However, there is still a lack of mechanistic information regarding their ability to interact with GR in aquatic species. Methods To investigate ligand activation differences between hGR and zebrafish GR (zfGR), we tested several natural and synthetic steroids using reporter cell lines expressing hGR or zfGR. Results and discussion Almost all the glucocorticoids tested (dexamethasone, cortisol, bimedrazol, medrol, cortivazol and fluticasone) are agonists of the two receptors with similar potencies. The dissociated glucocorticoids, RU24782 and RU24858 are agonists of both zfGR and hGR but with a better potency for the latter. On the other hand, the synthetic glucocorticoid forbimenol and the mineralocorticoid aldosterone are agonist on hGR but antagonist on zfGR. The other steroids tested, androgens and progestins, are all antagonists of both GRs with equal or lower potency on zfGR than on hGR. Surprisingly, the lower efficacy and potency on zfGR of aldosterone, forbimenol and the dissociated glucocorticoids is not related to their affinity for the receptors which would suggest that it could be related to less efficacious recruitment of coactivators by zfGR compared to hGR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Toso
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM), Inserm U1194, Université Montpellier, Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), Montpellier, France
| | - Abdelhay Boulahtouf
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM), Inserm U1194, Université Montpellier, Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), Montpellier, France
| | - Aurélie Escande
- UMR Hydrosciences Montpellier, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Clémentine Garoche
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM), Inserm U1194, Université Montpellier, Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), Montpellier, France
| | - Patrick Balaguer
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM), Inserm U1194, Université Montpellier, Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), Montpellier, France
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3
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de la Rosa R, Vazquez S, Tachachartvanich P, Daniels SI, Sillé F, Smith MT. Cell-Based Bioassay to Screen Environmental Chemicals and Human Serum for Total Glucocorticogenic Activity. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2021; 40:177-186. [PMID: 33085113 PMCID: PMC7793542 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Glucocorticoids are steroid hormones that have systemic effects that are mediated by the glucocorticoid receptor. Environmental chemicals that disrupt glucocorticoid receptor signaling and/or glucocorticoid homeostasis could adversely affect the health of human and nonhuman vertebrates. A major challenge in identifying environmental chemicals that alter glucocorticoid receptor signaling and/or glucocorticoid homeostasis is a lack of adequate screening methods. We developed a cell-based bioassay to measure total glucocorticogenic activity (TGA) of environmental chemicals and human serum. Human MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells were stably transfected with a luciferase reporter gene driven by 3 tandem glucocorticoid-response elements. Dose-response curves for 6 glucocorticoids and 4 non-glucocorticoid steroid hormones were generated to evaluate the specificity of the bioassay. Cells were also optimized to measure TGA of 176 structurally diverse environmental chemicals and human serum samples in a high-throughput format. Reporter activity was glucocorticoid-specific and induced 400-fold by 1 μM dexamethasone. Furthermore, 3 of the screened chemicals (3,4,4'-trichlorocarbanilide, isopropyl-N-phenylcarbamate, and benzothiazole derivative 2-[4-chlorophenyl]-benzothiazole) potentiated cortisol-induced glucocorticoid receptor activity. Serum TGA estimates from the bioassay were highly correlated with a cortisol enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The present study establishes an in vitro method to rapidly screen environmental chemicals and human serum for altered glucocorticogenic activity. Future studies can utilize this tool to quantify the joint effect of endogenous glucocorticoids and environmental chemicals. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;40:177-186. © 2020 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosemarie de la Rosa
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA
| | - Sergio Vazquez
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA
| | - Phum Tachachartvanich
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA
| | - Sarah I. Daniels
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA
| | - Fenna Sillé
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Martyn T. Smith
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA
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Neiva R, Caulino-Rocha A, Ferreirinha F, Lobo MG, Correia-de-Sá P. Non-genomic Actions of Methylprednisolone Differentially Influence GABA and Glutamate Release From Isolated Nerve Terminals of the Rat Hippocampus. Front Mol Neurosci 2020; 13:146. [PMID: 32848604 PMCID: PMC7419606 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2020.00146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Corticosteroids exert a dual role in eukaryotic cells through their action via (1) intracellular receptors (slow genomic responses), or (2) membrane-bound receptors (fast non-genomic responses). Highly vulnerable regions of the brain, like the hippocampus, express high amounts of corticosteroid receptors, yet their actions on ionic currents and neurotransmitters release are still undefined. Here, we investigated the effect of methylprednisolone (MP) on GABA and glutamate (Glu) release from isolated nerve terminals of the rat hippocampus. MP favored both spontaneous and depolarization-evoked [14C]Glu release from rat hippocampal nerve terminals, without affecting [3H]GABA outflow. Facilitation of [14C]Glu release by MP is mediated by a Na+-dependent Ca2+-independent non-genomic mechanism relying on the activation of membrane-bound glucocorticoid (GR) and mineralocorticoid (MR) receptors sensitive to their antagonists mifepristone and spironolactone, respectively. The involvement of Na+-dependent high-affinity EAAT transport reversal was inferred by blockage of MP-induced [14C]Glu release by DL-TBOA. Depolarization-evoked [3H]GABA release in the presence of MP was partially attenuated by the selective P2X7 receptor antagonist A-438079, but this compound did not affect the release of [14C]Glu. Data indicate that MP differentially affects GABA and glutamate release from rat hippocampal nerve terminals via fast non-genomic mechanisms putatively involving the activation of membrane-bound corticosteroid receptors. Facilitation of Glu release strengthen previous assumptions that MP may act as a cognitive enhancer in rats, while crosstalk with ATP-sensitive P2X7 receptors may promote a therapeutically desirable GABAergic inhibitory control during paroxysmal epileptic crisis that might be particularly relevant when extracellular Ca2+ levels decrease below the threshold required for transmitter release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Neiva
- Laboratório de Farmacologia e Neurobiologia - Departamento de Imuno-Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto (UP), Porto, Portugal.,Center for Drug Discovery and Innovative Medicines (MedInUP), Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto (UP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Caulino-Rocha
- Laboratório de Farmacologia e Neurobiologia - Departamento de Imuno-Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto (UP), Porto, Portugal.,Center for Drug Discovery and Innovative Medicines (MedInUP), Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto (UP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Fátima Ferreirinha
- Laboratório de Farmacologia e Neurobiologia - Departamento de Imuno-Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto (UP), Porto, Portugal.,Center for Drug Discovery and Innovative Medicines (MedInUP), Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto (UP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria Graça Lobo
- Laboratório de Farmacologia e Neurobiologia - Departamento de Imuno-Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto (UP), Porto, Portugal.,Center for Drug Discovery and Innovative Medicines (MedInUP), Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto (UP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Paulo Correia-de-Sá
- Laboratório de Farmacologia e Neurobiologia - Departamento de Imuno-Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto (UP), Porto, Portugal.,Center for Drug Discovery and Innovative Medicines (MedInUP), Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto (UP), Porto, Portugal
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5
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Toporova L, Balaguer P. Nuclear receptors are the major targets of endocrine disrupting chemicals. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2020; 502:110665. [PMID: 31760044 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2019.110665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are exogenous substances that are suspected to cause adverse effects in the endocrine system mainly by acting through their interaction with nuclear receptors such as the estrogen receptors α and β (ERα and ERβ), the androgen receptor (AR), the pregnan X receptor (PXR), the peroxisome proliferator activated receptors α and γ (PPARα, PPARγ) and the thyroid receptors α and β (TRα and TRβ). More recently, the retinoid X receptors (RXRα, RXRβ and RXRγ), the constitutive androstane receptor (CAR) and the estrogen related receptor γ (ERRγ) have also been identified as targets of EDCs. Finally, nuclear receptors still poorly studied for their interaction with environmental ligands such as the progesterone receptor (PR), the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR), the glucocorticoid receptor (GR), the retinoic acid receptors (RAR α, RARβ and RARγ), the farnesoid X receptor (FXR) and the liver X receptors α and β (LXRα and LXβ) as well are suspected targets of EDCs. Humans are generally exposed to low doses of pollutants, therefore the aim of current research is to identify the targets of EDCs at environmental concentrations. In this review, we analyze recent works referring that nuclear receptors are targets of EDCs and we highlight which EDCs are able to act at low concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Toporova
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM), INSERM U1194, ICM, Univ Montpellier, 34090, Montpellier, France.
| | - Patrick Balaguer
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM), INSERM U1194, ICM, Univ Montpellier, 34090, Montpellier, France.
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Zhang J, Yang Y, Liu W, Schlenk D, Liu J. Glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid receptors and corticosteroid homeostasis are potential targets for endocrine-disrupting chemicals. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2019; 133:105133. [PMID: 31520960 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.105133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) have received significant concern, since they ubiquitously exist in the environment and are able to induce adverse health effects on human and wildlife. Increasing evidence shows that the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR), members of the steroid receptor subfamily, are potential targets for EDCs. GR and MR mediate the actions of glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids, respectively, which are two main classes of corticosteroids involved in many physiological processes. The effects of EDCs on the homeostasis of these two classes of corticosteroids have also gained more attention recently. This review summarized the effects of environmental GR/MR ligands on receptor activity, and disruption of corticosteroid homeostasis. More than 130 chemicals classified into 7 main categories were reviewed, including metals, metalloids, pesticides, bisphenol analogues, flame retardants, other industrial chemicals and pharmaceuticals. The mechanisms by which EDCs interfere with GR/MR activity are primarily involved in ligand-receptor binding, nuclear translocation of the receptor complex, DNA-receptor binding, and changes in the expression of endogenous GR/MR genes. Besides directly interfering with receptors, enzyme-catalyzed synthesis and prereceptor regulation pathways of corticosteroids are also important targets for EDCs. The collected evidence suggests that corticosteroids and their receptors should be considered as potential targets for safety assessment of EDCs. The recognition of relevant xenobiotics and their underlying mechanisms of action is still a challenge in this emerging field of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianyun Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China
| | - Ye Yang
- Institute of Hygiene, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou 310013, China
| | - Weiping Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Daniel Schlenk
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, 900 University Avenue, Riverside, CA 92521, United States
| | - Jing Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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Lee MC, Fonseca E, Park JC, Yoon DS, Choi H, Kim M, Han J, Cho HS, Shin KH, Santos ML, Jung JH, Castro LFC, Lee JS. Tributyltin Affects Retinoid X Receptor-Mediated Lipid Metabolism in the Marine Rotifer Brachionus koreanus. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:7830-7839. [PMID: 31244070 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b01359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
To examine how tributyltin (TBT), a model obesogen, affects the lipid metabolism in the marine rotifer Brachionus koreanus, we carried out life-cycle studies and determined the in vitro and in silico interactions of retinoid X receptor (RXR) with TBT, the transcriptional levels of RXR and lipid metabolic genes, and the fatty acid content. The lethal concentration 10% (LC10) was determined to be 5.12 μg/L TBT, and negative effects on ecologically relevant end points (e.g., decreased lifespan and fecundity) were detected at 5 μg/L TBT. On the basis of these findings, subsequent experiments were conducted below 1 μg/L TBT, which did not show any negative effects on ecologically relevant end points in B. koreanus. Nile red staining analysis showed that after exposure to 1 μg/L TBT, B. koreanus stored neutral lipids and had significantly increased transcriptional levels of RXR and lipid metabolism-related genes compared to the control. However, the content of total fatty acids did not significantly change at any exposure level. In the single fatty acids profile, a significant increase in saturated fatty acids (SFAs) 14:0 and 20:0 was observed, but the contents of omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids were significantly decreased. Also, a transactivation assay of TBT with RXR showed that TBT is an agonist of Bk-RXR with a similar fold-induction to the positive control. Taken together, these results demonstrate that TBT-modulated RXR signaling leads to increase in transcriptional levels of lipid metabolism-related genes and the synthesis of SFAs but decreases the content of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). Our findings support a wider taxonomic scope of lipid perturbation due to xenobiotic exposure that occurs via NRs in aquatic animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Chul Lee
- Department of Biological Science, College of Science , Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon 16419 , South Korea
| | - Elza Fonseca
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences , University of Porto , 4169-007 Porto , Portugal
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research , University of Porto , 4450-208 Matosinhos , Portugal
| | - Jun Chul Park
- Department of Biological Science, College of Science , Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon 16419 , South Korea
| | - Deok-Seo Yoon
- Department of Biological Science, College of Science , Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon 16419 , South Korea
| | - Hyuntae Choi
- Department of Marine and Convergence Sciences, College of Science and Technology , Hanyang University , Ansan 15588 , South Korea
| | - Moonkoo Kim
- Risk Assessment Research Center , Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology , Geoje 53201 , South Korea
- Department of Marine Environmental Science , Korea University of Science and Technology , Daejeon 34113 , South Korea
| | - Jeonghoon Han
- Department of Biological Science, College of Science , Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon 16419 , South Korea
| | - Hyeon-Seo Cho
- College of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences , Chonnam National University , Yeosu 550-749 , South Korea
| | - Kyung-Hoon Shin
- Department of Marine and Convergence Sciences, College of Science and Technology , Hanyang University , Ansan 15588 , South Korea
| | - Miguel L Santos
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences , University of Porto , 4169-007 Porto , Portugal
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research , University of Porto , 4450-208 Matosinhos , Portugal
| | - Jee-Hyun Jung
- Risk Assessment Research Center , Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology , Geoje 53201 , South Korea
- Department of Marine Environmental Science , Korea University of Science and Technology , Daejeon 34113 , South Korea
| | - L Filipe C Castro
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences , University of Porto , 4169-007 Porto , Portugal
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research , University of Porto , 4450-208 Matosinhos , Portugal
| | - Jae-Seong Lee
- Department of Biological Science, College of Science , Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon 16419 , South Korea
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Okafor CD, Colucci JK, Ortlund EA. Ligand-Induced Allosteric Effects Governing SR Signaling. NUCLEAR RECEPTOR RESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.32527/2019/101382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Liu B, Sun Y, Lehmler HJ, Bao W. Association between urinary tin concentration and diabetes in nationally representative sample of US adults. J Diabetes 2018; 10:977-983. [PMID: 29877038 PMCID: PMC6218306 DOI: 10.1111/1753-0407.12798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Animal studies indicate that chronic exposure to certain tin compounds induces pancreatic islet cell apoptosis and glucose intolerance. However, little is known about the health effects of environmental tin exposure in humans. Therefore, we evaluated the association of tin exposure with diabetes in a nationally representative sample of US adults. METHODS We used data from a nationally representative population (n = 3371) in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011-14. Diabetes (n = 605) was defined as self-reported physician's diagnosis, HbA1c ≥6.5%, fasting plasma glucose ≥126 mg/dL, or 2-h plasma glucose ≥200 mg/dL. Tin concentrations in urine samples were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Logistic regression with sample weights was used to estimate the odds ratios (ORs) of diabetes and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS Urinary tin concentrations were higher in individuals with diabetes (weighted median 0.58 μg/L) than those without diabetes (0.39 μg/L). After adjustment for urinary creatinine and other diabetes risk factors, the OR of diabetes comparing the highest with lowest quartile of urinary tin concentrations was 1.6 (95% CI 1.0-2.6; Ptrend = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS Environmental tin exposure was positively and significantly associated with diabetes in US adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Buyun Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Yangbo Sun
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Hans-Joachim Lehmler
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Environmental Health Sciences Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Wei Bao
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Environmental Health Sciences Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Obesity Research and Education Initiative, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Center for Global and Regional Environmental Research, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Corresponding author: Wei Bao, MD, PhD, Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, 145 North Riverside Drive, Room S431 CPHB, Iowa City, IA 52242; Tel: 319-384-1546; Fax: 319-384-4155;
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10
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Tinkov AA, Ajsuvakova OP, Skalnaya MG, Skalny AV, Aschner M, Suliburska J, Aaseth J. Organotins in obesity and associated metabolic disturbances. J Inorg Biochem 2018; 191:49-59. [PMID: 30458368 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2018.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to review the mechanisms of organotin-induced adipogenesis, obesity, and associated metabolic disturbances. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) and retinoid X receptor α (RXRα) activation is considered as the key mechanism of organotin-induced adipogenesis. Particularly, organotin exposure results in increased adipogenesis both in cell and animal models. Moreover, transgenerational inheritance of organotin-induced obese phenotype was demonstrated in vivo. At the same time, the existing data demonstrate that organotin compounds (OTCs) induces aberrant expression of PPARγ-targeted genes, resulting in altered of adipokine, glucose transporter, proinflammatory cytokines levels, and lipid and carbohydrate metabolism. The latter is generally characterized by hyperglycemia and insulin resistance. Other mechanisms involved in organotin-induced obesity may include estrogen receptor and corticosteroid signaling, altered DNA methylation, and gut dysfunction. In addition to cellular effects, organotin exposure may also affect neural circuits of appetite regulation, being characterized by neuropeptide Y (NPY) up-regulation in parallel with of pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC), Agouti-related protein (AgRP), and cocaine and amphetamine regulated transcript (CART) down-regulation in the arcuate nucleus. These changes result in increased orexigenic and reduced anorexigenic signaling, leading to increased food intake. The existing data demonstrate that organotins are potent adipogenic agents, however, no epidemiologic studies have been performed to reveal the association between organotin exposure and obesity and the existing indirect human data are contradictory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey A Tinkov
- Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia; Yaroslavl State University, Yaroslavl, Russia; Institute of Cellular and Intracellular Symbiosis, Russian Academy of Sciences, Orenburg, Russia.
| | - Olga P Ajsuvakova
- Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia; Yaroslavl State University, Yaroslavl, Russia
| | | | - Anatoly V Skalny
- Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia; Yaroslavl State University, Yaroslavl, Russia; Trace Element Institute for UNESCO, Lyon, France
| | | | | | - Jan Aaseth
- Innlandet Hospital Trust, Kongsvinger, Norway; Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Elverum, Norway
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Frontera A, Bauzá A. S⋅⋅⋅Sn Tetrel Bonds in the Activation of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors (PPARs) by Organotin Molecules. Chemistry 2018; 24:16582-16587. [PMID: 30240074 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201804676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a PDB (Protein Data Bank) analysis and theoretical calculations (PBE0-D3/def2-TZVP level of theory) were combined to analyze the impact of S⋅⋅⋅Sn tetrel-bonding interactions in the activation mechanism of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) by two organotin derivatives, triphenyltin (TPT) and tributyltin (TBT). The presence of a covalently bonded CYS285 to the organotin molecule was found to be key to enhance the σ-hole-donor ability of the tin atom, thus strengthening the tetrel-bonding interaction with a sulfur atom belonging to a vicinal methionine residue (MET364).
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Frontera
- Department of Chemistry, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Crta. de Valldemossa km 7.5, 07122, Palma, de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Antonio Bauzá
- Department of Chemistry, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Crta. de Valldemossa km 7.5, 07122, Palma, de Mallorca, Spain
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12
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Balaguer P, Delfosse V, Grimaldi M, Bourguet W. Structural and functional evidences for the interactions between nuclear hormone receptors and endocrine disruptors at low doses. C R Biol 2018; 340:414-420. [PMID: 29126514 DOI: 10.1016/j.crvi.2017.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) represent a broad class of exogenous substances that cause adverse effects in the endocrine system mainly by interacting with nuclear hormone receptors (NRs). Humans are generally exposed to low doses of pollutants, and current researches aim at deciphering the mechanisms accounting for the health impact of EDCs at environmental concentrations. Our correlative analysis of structural, interaction and cell-based data has revealed a variety of, sometimes unexpected, binding modes, reflecting a wide range of EDC affinities and specificities. Here, we present a few representative examples to illustrate various means by which EDCs achieve high-affinity binding to NRs. These examples include the binding of the mycoestrogen α-zearalanol to estrogen receptors, the covalent interaction of organotins with the retinoid X- and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors, and the cooperative binding of two chemicals to the pregnane X receptor. We also discuss some hypotheses that could further explain low-concentration effects of EDCs with weaker affinity towards NRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Balaguer
- Institut de recherche en cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM), 34298 Montpellier, France; Inserm, U1194, 34298 Montpellier, France; Institut régional du cancer de Montpellier (ICM), 34298 Montpellier, France; Université de Montpellier, 34090 Montpellier, France.
| | - Vanessa Delfosse
- Université de Montpellier, 34090 Montpellier, France; Inserm U1054, 34090 Montpellier, France; CNRS UMR5048, Centre de biochimie structurale, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Marina Grimaldi
- Institut de recherche en cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM), 34298 Montpellier, France; Inserm, U1194, 34298 Montpellier, France; Institut régional du cancer de Montpellier (ICM), 34298 Montpellier, France; Université de Montpellier, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - William Bourguet
- Université de Montpellier, 34090 Montpellier, France; Inserm U1054, 34090 Montpellier, France; CNRS UMR5048, Centre de biochimie structurale, 34090 Montpellier, France
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13
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Zhang CN, Zhang JL, Huang Y, Ren HT, Guan SH, Zeng QH. Dibutyltin depressed immune functions via NF-κB, and JAK/STAT signaling pathways in zebrafish (Danio rerio). ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2018; 33:104-111. [PMID: 29087020 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Revised: 10/08/2017] [Accepted: 10/15/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Dibutyltin (DBT) is the degradation products of TBT, which is generally considered higher toxicity than TBT in the immune system. In order to learn more about the mechanisms of immune-toxic of DBT, we exposed zebrafish (Danio rerio) to 0, 1, 10 and 100 ng/L DBT for 8 weeks. At the end of the experiment, we determined the immune parameters and immune-related genes. The results showed that with an increase in TBT dose, lysozyme activities and IgM, C3, C4 content in intestine, skin and spleen were all significantly inhibited by the DBT exposure. Fish exposed to 10 ng/L and 100 ng/L showed significantly lower lysozyme activities and IgM, C3, C4 content than those of the control group. Zebrafish exposed to 10 ng/L and 100 ng/L DBT, the mRNA transcript levels of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interferon γ2 (INFγ2), nuclear factor-κB p65 (NF-kB p65), inhibitor protein-κBα (IκBα), IκB kinases β (IKKβ), Janus family of protein tyrosine kinases (JAKs) and the signal transducers and activators of transcription proteins (STATs) all increased with the DBT levels in the intestine and spleen. Those parameters showed significantly higher values in 10 ng/L and 100 ng/L than those of fish in the control group. However, no significant difference was found in IκB kinases α (IKKα) and IκB kinase γ (IKKγ) mRNA levels in the intestine and spleen. These data imply that DBT might be via suppression on IKKβ/IkBa/NF-kBp65 and JAK/STAT signaling pathways to regulate the immunity of zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Nuan Zhang
- Laboratory of Aquatic Environment and Animal Safety, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Scientific and Technology, Luoyang, 471003, People's Republic of China
| | - Ji-Liang Zhang
- Laboratory of Aquatic Environment and Animal Safety, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Scientific and Technology, Luoyang, 471003, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Huang
- Laboratory of Aquatic Environment and Animal Safety, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Scientific and Technology, Luoyang, 471003, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Tao Ren
- Laboratory of Aquatic Environment and Animal Safety, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Scientific and Technology, Luoyang, 471003, People's Republic of China
| | - Su-Hua Guan
- Laboratory of Aquatic Environment and Animal Safety, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Scientific and Technology, Luoyang, 471003, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing-Hui Zeng
- Laboratory of Aquatic Environment and Animal Safety, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Scientific and Technology, Luoyang, 471003, People's Republic of China
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14
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Siewiera P, Różalska S, Bernat P. Estrogen-mediated protection of the organotin-degrading strain Metarhizium robertsii against oxidative stress promoted by monobutyltin. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 185:96-104. [PMID: 28688342 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.06.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Revised: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Dibutyltin (DBT) is a global pollutant characterized by pro-oxidative properties. The fungal strain Metarhizium robertsii can eliminate high levels of DBT efficiently. In this study, induction of oxidative stress as well as its alleviation through the application of natural estrogens during the elimination of DBT by M. robertsii were evaluated. During the first 24 h of incubation, the initial concentration of DBT (20 mg l-1) was reduced to 3.1 mg l-1, with simultaneous formation of a major byproduct - monobutyltin (MBT). In the presence of estrone (E1) or 17β-estradiol (E2), the amounts of dibutyltin residues in the fungal cultures were found to be approximately 2-fold higher compared to cultures without estrogens, which was associated with the simultaneous utilization of the compounds by cytochrome P450 enzymes. On the other hand, MBT levels were approximately 2.5 times lower in the fungal cultures with the addition of one of the estrogens. MBT (not DBT) promotes the generation of O2-, H2O2, and NO at levels 65.89 ± 18.08, 4.04 ± 3.62, and 27.92 ± 1.95, respectively. Superoxide dismutase and catalase activities did not show any response of the M. robertsii strain against the overproduction of superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide. Application of E1 as well as E2 ensured non-enzymatic defense against nitrosative and oxidative stress through scavenging of nitrogen and oxygen reactive species, and limited their levels from 1.5-fold to 21-fold, depending on the used estrogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Siewiera
- Department of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16, 90-237 Lodz, Poland
| | - Sylwia Różalska
- Department of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16, 90-237 Lodz, Poland
| | - Przemysław Bernat
- Department of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16, 90-237 Lodz, Poland.
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15
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André A, Ruivo R, Capitão A, Froufe E, Páscoa I, Costa Castro LF, Santos MM. Cloning and functional characterization of a retinoid X receptor orthologue in Platynereis dumerilii: An evolutionary and toxicological perspective. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 182:753-761. [PMID: 28535483 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.05.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Revised: 05/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In the present work we provide the first isolation and functional characterization of a RXR orthologue in an annelid species, the Platynereis dumerilii. Using an in vitro luciferase reporter assay we evaluated the annelid receptor ability to respond to ligand 9-cis-retinoic acid, TBT and TPT. Our results show that the annelid RXR responds to 9-cis-retinoic acid and to the organotins by activating reporter gene transcription. The findings suggest a conserved mode of action of the receptor in response to a common signaling molecule and modulation by organotin compounds between vertebrates and Lophotrochozoans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana André
- CIMAR/CIIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Avenida General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal; ICBAS - Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Rua Jorge de Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Raquel Ruivo
- CIMAR/CIIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Avenida General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal.
| | - Ana Capitão
- CIMAR/CIIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Avenida General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal; FCUP-Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal
| | - Elsa Froufe
- CIMAR/CIIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Avenida General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal.
| | - Inês Páscoa
- CIMAR/CIIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Avenida General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Luís Filipe Costa Castro
- CIMAR/CIIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Avenida General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal; FCUP-Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Miguel Machado Santos
- CIMAR/CIIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Avenida General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal; FCUP-Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal.
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16
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Fang L, Xu C, Li J, Borggaard OK, Wang D. The importance of environmental factors and matrices in the adsorption, desorption, and toxicity of butyltins: a review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:9159-9173. [PMID: 28160180 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-8449-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Butyltins (BTs) are considered as a group of the most important organometallic compounds in industry and agriculture. Due to their widespread use, large amounts of BTs including tributyltin (TBT), dibutyltin (DBT), and monobutyltin (MBT) have entered into the environment, and subsequently causing detrimental effects on humans and aquatic organisms. This work provides a critical review of recent studies on the adsorption, desorption, bioaccumulation, and toxicity of BTs that can notably influence the distribution of BTs in the environment. Influence of environmental factors (e.g., pH and salinity) and adsorbents in the matrices (e.g., minerals, organic carbons, and quartz) on the adsorption, desorption, and toxicity of BTs is particularly addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Fang
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Material Sciences and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China.
| | - Cuihong Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Material Sciences and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Ji Li
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Material Sciences and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China.
| | - Ole K Borggaard
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Dongsheng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Material Sciences and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
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17
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Steroid profiling in H295R cells to identify chemicals potentially disrupting the production of adrenal steroids. Toxicology 2017; 381:51-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2017.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Revised: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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18
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Sousa ACA, Coelho SD, Pastorinho MR, Taborda-Barata L, Nogueira AJA, Isobe T, Kunisue T, Takahashi S, Tanabe S. Levels of TBT and other selected organotin compounds in duplicate diet samples. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 574:19-23. [PMID: 27621089 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.09.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2016] [Revised: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Organotin compounds (OTs) are ubiquitous contaminants with a broad range of applications ranging from biocides and pesticides to catalysts for the production of polyurethane foams and silicones. The deleterious effects of some OTs (particularly tributyltin - TBT) upon wildlife and experimental animals are well documented and include endocrine disruption, immunotoxicity, neurotoxicity, genotoxicity and metabolic dysfunction in which obesity is included. However, virtually no data on the current human exposure levels is available. In order to bridge this gap, we quantified for the first time the levels of OTs in duplicate diet samples from members of the University of Aveiro in Portugal. OTs were detected in 32% of the 28 diet samples analyzed, at relatively low levels. TBT and monobutyltin were detected only in two samples and dibutyltin was detectable in three samples. Dioctyltin was quantified in four samples and monooctyltin in three samples. Phenyltins were below the detection limit in all the diet samples analyzed. Overall, for the vast majority of the samples (89%), the estimated daily intakes (EDI) of organotins through food were much lower than the established tolerable daily intakes (TDI). Hence, for the majority of the participants the risk associated with food ingestion is low.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana C A Sousa
- Department of Biology & Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; Center for Marine Environmental Studies (CMES), Ehime University, Bunkyo-cho 2-5, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan; Health Sciences Research Centre (CICS), University of Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal.
| | - Sónia D Coelho
- Department of Biology & Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; Center for Marine Environmental Studies (CMES), Ehime University, Bunkyo-cho 2-5, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan.
| | - M Ramiro Pastorinho
- Health Sciences Research Centre (CICS), University of Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal; Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal.
| | - Luís Taborda-Barata
- Health Sciences Research Centre (CICS), University of Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal; Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal; Department of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, Cova da Beira Hospital, 6200-251 Covilhã, Portugal.
| | - António J A Nogueira
- Department of Biology & Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Tomohiko Isobe
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies (CMES), Ehime University, Bunkyo-cho 2-5, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan; Center for Environmental Health Sciences, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2, Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan.
| | - Tatsuya Kunisue
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies (CMES), Ehime University, Bunkyo-cho 2-5, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan.
| | - Shin Takahashi
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies (CMES), Ehime University, Bunkyo-cho 2-5, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan; Center of Advanced Technology for the Environment, Faculty of Agriculture, Ehime University, 3-5-7 Tarumi, Matsuyama 790-8566, Japan.
| | - Shinsuke Tanabe
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies (CMES), Ehime University, Bunkyo-cho 2-5, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan.
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19
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Basu Baul TS, Dutta D, Duthie A, Guchhait N, Rocha BGM, Guedes da Silva MFC, Mokhamatam RB, Raviprakash N, Manna SK. New dibutyltin(IV) ladders: Syntheses, structures and, optimization and evaluation of cytotoxic potential employing A375 (melanoma) and HCT116 (colon carcinoma) cell lines in vitro. J Inorg Biochem 2016; 166:34-48. [PMID: 27815980 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2016.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Revised: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis and spectroscopic properties of seven new dibutyltin(IV) compounds of 2-{(E)-4-hydroxy-3-[(E)-4-(aryl)iminomethyl]phenyldiazenyl}benzoic acids (LnHH'; n=2-8) with general formula {[Bu2Sn(LnH)]2O}2 (1-7) are reported. The compounds were characterized by elemental analysis and by UV-Visible, fluorescence, IR, 1H, 13C and 119Sn NMR spectroscopies. Solid state structures of dibutyltin(IV) compounds 1-3, 6 and 7 were accomplished from single crystal X-ray crystallography which reveal the common ladder-type structure with two endo- and two exo-Sn atoms. The redox properties of LnHH' (n=2-4, 7 and 8) and their diorganotin(IV) compounds 1-3, 6 and 7 were also investigated by cyclic voltammetry. In general, the dibutyltin(IV) derivatives exhibited significant in vitro cytotoxic potency towards A375 (melanoma) and HCT116 (colon carcinoma) cell lines as determined by several experiments, like Live and Dead assay, MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) cell viability assay, LDH (lactate dehydrogenase), cleavage of caspases and PARP (poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase), and DNA fragmentation. Dibutyltin(IV) compounds increase cell death without cytolysis and decreases membrane fluidity, without interfering with p53. Among the dibutyltin(IV) compounds, compound 6 was found to be the most potent, with an IC50 value of 78nM. A mechanism of action for tumor cell death is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tushar S Basu Baul
- Centre for Advanced Studies in Chemistry, North-Eastern Hill University, NEHU Permanent Campus, Umshing, Shillong 793 022, India.
| | - Dhrubajyoti Dutta
- Centre for Advanced Studies in Chemistry, North-Eastern Hill University, NEHU Permanent Campus, Umshing, Shillong 793 022, India
| | - Andrew Duthie
- School of Life & Environmental Science, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria 3217, Australia
| | - Nikhil Guchhait
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calcutta, 92, A. P. C. Road, Calcutta 700009, India
| | - Bruno G M Rocha
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Complexo I, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - M Fátima C Guedes da Silva
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Complexo I, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | | | - Nune Raviprakash
- Centre for DNA Fingerprinting & Diagnostics, Nampally, Hyderabad 500 001, India
| | - Sunil K Manna
- Centre for DNA Fingerprinting & Diagnostics, Nampally, Hyderabad 500 001, India.
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20
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Beck KR, Sommer TJ, Schuster D, Odermatt A. Evaluation of tetrabromobisphenol A effects on human glucocorticoid and androgen receptors: A comparison of results from human- with yeast-based in vitro assays. Toxicology 2016; 370:70-77. [PMID: 27693315 PMCID: PMC6828555 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2016.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Revised: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The incidence of immune-related diseases increased over the last years in industrialized countries, suggesting a contribution of environmental factors. Impaired glucocorticoid action has been associated with immune disorders. Thus, there is an increasing interest to identify chemicals disrupting glucocorticoid action. The widely used flame retardant tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) was reported earlier to potently inhibit glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and moderately androgen receptor (AR) activity in yeast-based reporter gene assays. To further characterize possible GR disrupting effects of TBBPA, transactivation experiments using a human HEK-293 cell-based reporter gene assay and cell-free receptor binding experiments were performed in the present study. Both, transactivation and GR binding experiments failed to detect any activity of TBBPA on GR function. Molecular docking calculations supported this observation. Additionally, the current study could confirm the antiandrogenic activity of TBBPA seen in the yeast assay, although the effect was an order of magnitude less pronounced in the HEK-293 cell-based system. In conclusion, TBBPA does not directly affect GR function and, considering its rapid metabolism and low concentrations found in humans, it is unlikely to cause adverse effects by acting through AR. This study emphasizes the use of cell-free assays in combination with cell-based assays for the in vitro evaluation of endocrine disrupting chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina R Beck
- Swiss Center for Applied Human Toxicology and Division of Molecular and Systems Toxicology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmacenter, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Tanja J Sommer
- Swiss Center for Applied Human Toxicology and Division of Molecular and Systems Toxicology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmacenter, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Daniela Schuster
- Institute of Pharmacy/Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), Computer Aided Molecular Design Group, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Alex Odermatt
- Swiss Center for Applied Human Toxicology and Division of Molecular and Systems Toxicology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmacenter, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056 Basel, Switzerland.
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21
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Hiromori Y, Yui H, Nishikawa JI, Nagase H, Nakanishi T. Organotin compounds cause structure-dependent induction of progesterone in human choriocarcinoma Jar cells. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2016; 155:190-8. [PMID: 25465476 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2014.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Revised: 10/10/2014] [Accepted: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Organotin compounds, such as tributyltin (TBT) and triphenyltin (TPT), are typical environmental contaminants and suspected endocrine-disrupting chemicals because they cause masculinization in female mollusks. In addition, previous studies have suggested that the endocrine disruption by organotin compounds leads to activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)γ and retinoid X receptor (RXR). However, whether organotin compounds cause crucial toxicities in human development and reproduction is unclear. We here investigated the structure-dependent effect of 12 tin compounds on mRNA transcription of 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type I (3β-HSD I) and progesterone production in human choriocarcinoma Jar cells. TBT, TPT, dibutyltin, monophenyltin, tripropyltin, and tricyclohexyltin enhanced progesterone production in a dose-dependent fashion. Although tetraalkyltin compounds such as tetrabutyltin increased progesterone production, the concentrations necessary for activation were 30-100 times greater than those for trialkyltins. All tested active organotins increased 3β-HSD I mRNA transcription. We further investigated the correlation between the agonistic activity of organotin compounds on PPARγ and their ability to promote progesterone production. Except for DBTCl2, the active organotins significantly induced the transactivation function of PPARγ. In addition, PPARγ knockdown significantly suppressed the induction of mRNA transcription of 3β-HSD I by all active organotins except DBTCl2. These results suggest that some organotin compounds promote progesterone biosynthesis in vitro by inducing 3β-HSD I mRNA transcription via the PPARγ signaling pathway. The placenta represents a potential target organ for these compounds, whose endocrine-disrupting effects might cause local changes in progesterone concentration in pregnant women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youhei Hiromori
- Laboratory of Hygienic Chemistry and Molecular Toxicology, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-nishi, Gifu, Gifu, 501-1196, Japan; Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kinjo Gakuin University, 2-1723 Omori, Moriyamaku, Nagoya, Aichi, 463-8521, Japan
| | - Hiroki Yui
- Laboratory of Hygienic Chemistry and Molecular Toxicology, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-nishi, Gifu, Gifu, 501-1196, Japan
| | - Jun-ichi Nishikawa
- Laboratory of Health Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University, 11-68 Kyuban-cho, Koshien, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, 663-8179, Japan
| | - Hisamitsu Nagase
- Laboratory of Hygienic Chemistry and Molecular Toxicology, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-nishi, Gifu, Gifu, 501-1196, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Nakanishi
- Laboratory of Hygienic Chemistry and Molecular Toxicology, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-nishi, Gifu, Gifu, 501-1196, Japan.
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22
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Alarcón F, Bustamante R, Quiroz W, Aguilar LF, Bravo MA. Evaluation of cloud point extraction coupled with fluorescence spectroscopy and multivariate curve resolution–alternating least squares for tributyltin determination in sediment samples. Microchem J 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2015.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Lyssimachou A, Santos JG, André A, Soares J, Lima D, Guimarães L, Almeida CMR, Teixeira C, Castro LFC, Santos MM. The Mammalian "Obesogen" Tributyltin Targets Hepatic Triglyceride Accumulation and the Transcriptional Regulation of Lipid Metabolism in the Liver and Brain of Zebrafish. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0143911. [PMID: 26633012 PMCID: PMC4669123 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0143911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent findings indicate that different Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals (EDCs) interfere with lipid metabolic pathways in mammals and promote fat accumulation, a previously unknown site of action for these compounds. The antifoulant and environmental pollutant tributyltin (TBT), which causes imposex in gastropod snails, induces an “obesogenic” phenotype in mammals, through the activation of the nuclear receptors retinoid X receptor (RXR) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ). In teleosts, the effects of TBT on the lipid metabolism are poorly understood, particularly following exposure to low, environmental concentrations. In this context, the present work shows that exposure of zebrafish to 10 and 50 ng/L of TBT (as Sn) from pre-hatch to 9 months of age alters the body weight, condition factor, hepatosomatic index and hepatic triglycerides in a gender and dose related manner. Furthermore, TBT modulated the transcription of key lipid regulating factors and enzymes involved in adipogenesis, lipogenesis, glucocorticoid metabolism, growth and development in the brain and liver of exposed fish, revealing sexual dimorphic effects in the latter. Overall, the present study shows that the model mammalian obesogen TBT interferes with triglyceride accumulation and the transcriptional regulation of lipid metabolism in zebrafish and indentifies the brain lipogenic transcription profile of fish as a new target of this compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angeliki Lyssimachou
- CIMAR/CIIMAR-AL, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Rua dos Bragas 289, 4050–123, Porto, Portugal
- * E-mail: (AL); (LFCC); (MMS)
| | - Joana G. Santos
- CIMAR/CIIMAR-AL, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Rua dos Bragas 289, 4050–123, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana André
- CIMAR/CIIMAR-AL, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Rua dos Bragas 289, 4050–123, Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana Soares
- CIMAR/CIIMAR-AL, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Rua dos Bragas 289, 4050–123, Porto, Portugal
| | - Daniela Lima
- CIMAR/CIIMAR-AL, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Rua dos Bragas 289, 4050–123, Porto, Portugal
| | - Laura Guimarães
- CIMAR/CIIMAR-AL, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Rua dos Bragas 289, 4050–123, Porto, Portugal
| | - C. Marisa R. Almeida
- CIMAR/CIIMAR-AL, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Rua dos Bragas 289, 4050–123, Porto, Portugal
| | - Catarina Teixeira
- CIMAR/CIIMAR-AL, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Rua dos Bragas 289, 4050–123, Porto, Portugal
| | - L. Filipe C. Castro
- CIMAR/CIIMAR-AL, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Rua dos Bragas 289, 4050–123, Porto, Portugal
- * E-mail: (AL); (LFCC); (MMS)
| | - Miguel M. Santos
- CIMAR/CIIMAR-AL, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Rua dos Bragas 289, 4050–123, Porto, Portugal
- FCUP–Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- * E-mail: (AL); (LFCC); (MMS)
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Vuorinen A, Odermatt A, Schuster D. Reprint of "In silico methods in the discovery of endocrine disrupting chemicals". J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2015; 153:93-101. [PMID: 26291836 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2015.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2012] [Revised: 04/03/2013] [Accepted: 04/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of sex hormone-dependent cancers, reproductive problems, obesity, and cardiovascular complications has risen especially in the Western world. It has been suggested, that the exposure to various endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) contributes to the development and progression of these diseases. EDCs can interfere with various proteins: nuclear steroid hormone receptors, such as estrogen-, androgen-, glucocorticoid- and mineralocorticoid receptors (ER, AR, GR, MR), and enzymes that are involved in steroid hormone synthesis and metabolism, for example hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases (HSDs). Numerous chemicals are known as endocrine disruptors. However, the mechanism of action for most of these EDCs is still unknown. It is exhaustive and time consuming to test in vitro all chemicals - potential EDCs - used in industry, agriculture or as food preservatives against their effects on the endocrine system. Computational methods, such as virtual screening, quantitative structure activity relationships and docking, are already well recognized and used in drug development. The same methods could also aid the research on EDCs. So far, the computational methods in the search of EDCs have been retrospective. There are, however, some prospective studies reporting the use of in silico methods: five studies reporting the identification of previously unknown 17β-HSD3 inhibitors, MR agonists, and ER antagonists/agonists. This review provides an overview of case studies and in silico methods that are used in the search of EDCs. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled 'CSR 2013'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Vuorinen
- Institute of Pharmacy/Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck - CMBI, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Alex Odermatt
- Swiss Center for Applied Human Toxicology and Division of Molecular and Systems Toxicology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Daniela Schuster
- Institute of Pharmacy/Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck - CMBI, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
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Rana K, Whalen M. Activation of protein kinase C and protein kinase D in human natural killer cells: effects of tributyltin, dibutyltin, and tetrabromobisphenol A. Toxicol Mech Methods 2015; 25:680-8. [PMID: 26228090 DOI: 10.3109/15376516.2015.1070226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Up to now, the ability of target cells to activate protein kinase C (PKC) and protein kinase D (PKD) (which is often a downstream target of PKC) has not been examined in natural killer (NK) lymphocytes. Here we examined whether exposure of human NK cells to lysis sensitive tumor cells activated PKC and PKD. The results of these studies show for the first time that activation of PKC and PKD occurs in response to target cell binding to NK cells. Exposure of NK cells to K562 tumor cells for 10 and 30 min increased phosphorylation/activation of both PKC and PKD by roughly 2-fold. Butyltins (tributyltin (TBT), dibutyltin (DBT)) and brominated compounds (tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA)) are environmental contaminants that are found in human blood. Exposures of NK cells to TBT, DBT, or TBBPA decrease NK cell lytic function in part by activating the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) that are part of the NK lytic pathway. We established that PKC and PKD are part of the lytic pathway upstream of MAPKs and thus we investigated whether DBT, TBT, and TBBPA exposures activated PKC and PKD. TBT-activated PKC by 2-3-folds at 10 min at concentrations ranging from 50 to 300 nM while DBT caused a 1.3-fold activation at 2.5 µM at 10 min. Both TBT and DBT caused an approximately 2-fold increase in phosphorylation/activation of PKC. Exposures to TBBPA caused no statistically significant changes in either PKC or PKD activation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Margaret Whalen
- b Department of Chemistry , Tennessee State University , Nashville , TN , USA
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McIlwrath SL, Westlund KN. Pharmacological attenuation of chronic alcoholic pancreatitis induced hypersensitivity in rats. World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21:836-53. [PMID: 25624717 PMCID: PMC4299336 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i3.836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2014] [Revised: 08/16/2014] [Accepted: 09/29/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To characterize an alcohol and high fat diet induced chronic pancreatitis rat model that mimics poor human dietary choices. METHODS Experimental rats were fed a modified Lieber-DeCarli alcohol (6%) and high-fat (65%) diet (AHF) for 10 wk while control animals received a regular rodent chow diet. Weekly behavioral tests determined mechanical and heat sensitivity. In week 10 a fasting glucose tolerance test was performed, measuring blood glucose levels before and after a 2 g/kg bodyweight intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of glucose. Post mortem histological analysis was performed by staining pancreas and liver tissue sections with hematoxylin and eosin. Pancreas sections were also stained with Sirius red and fast green to quantify collagen content. Insulin-expressing cells were identified immunohistochemically in separate sections. Tissue staining density was quantified using Image J software. After mechanical and heat sensitivity became stable (weeks 6-10) in the AHF-fed animals, three different drugs were tested for their efficacy in attenuating pancreatitis associated hypersensitivity: a Group II metabotropic glutamate receptor specific agonist (2R,4R)-4-Aminopyrrolidine-2,4-dicarboxylate (APDC, 3 mg/kg, ip; Tocris, Bristol, United Kingdom), nociceptin (20, 60, 200 nmol/kg, ip; Tocris), and morphine sulfate (3 mg/kg, μ-opioid receptor agonist; Baxter Healthcare, Deerfield, IL, United States). RESULTS Histological analysis of pancreas and liver determined that unlike control rats, AHF fed animals had pancreatic fibrosis, acinar and beta cell atrophy, with steatosis in both organs. Fat vacuolization was significantly increased in AHF fed rats (6.4% ± 1.1% in controls vs 23.8% ± 4.2%, P < 0.05). Rats fed the AHF diet had reduced fasting glucose tolerance in week 10 when peak blood glucose levels reached significantly higher concentrations than controls (127.4 ± 9.2 mg/dL in controls vs 161.0 ± 8.6 mg/dL, P < 0.05). This concurred with a 3.5 fold higher incidence of single and small 2-10 cell insulin-positive cell clusters (P < 0.05). Insulin expressing islet of Langerhans cells appeared hypertrophied while islet number and area measurements were not different from controls. Weekly behavioral tests determined that mechanical and heat sensitivities were significantly increased by 4 wk on AHF diet compared to controls. Hypersensitivity was attenuated with efficacy similar to morphine with single dose treatment of either metabotropic glutamate receptor 2/3 agonist APDC, or nociceptin, the endogenous ligand for opioid-receptor-like 1 receptor. CONCLUSION The AHF diet induces a chronic alcoholic pancreatitis in rats with measurable features resembling clinical patients with chronic pancreatitis and type 3c diabetes mellitus.
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MESH Headings
- Analgesics/pharmacology
- Analgesics, Opioid/pharmacology
- Animals
- Behavior, Animal/drug effects
- Blood Glucose/drug effects
- Blood Glucose/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus/etiology
- Diet, High-Fat
- Disease Models, Animal
- Ethanol
- Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists/pharmacology
- Humans
- Hyperalgesia/etiology
- Hyperalgesia/metabolism
- Hyperalgesia/physiopathology
- Hyperalgesia/prevention & control
- Liver/drug effects
- Liver/metabolism
- Liver/pathology
- Male
- Morphine/pharmacology
- Nociception/drug effects
- Opioid Peptides/metabolism
- Pain Threshold/drug effects
- Pancreas/drug effects
- Pancreas/metabolism
- Pancreas/pathology
- Pancreatitis, Alcoholic/drug therapy
- Pancreatitis, Alcoholic/etiology
- Pancreatitis, Alcoholic/metabolism
- Pancreatitis, Alcoholic/physiopathology
- Proline/analogs & derivatives
- Proline/pharmacology
- Rats, Inbred F344
- Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate/agonists
- Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate/metabolism
- Time Factors
- Visceral Pain/etiology
- Visceral Pain/metabolism
- Visceral Pain/physiopathology
- Visceral Pain/prevention & control
- Nociceptin
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Delfosse V, Maire AL, Balaguer P, Bourguet W. A structural perspective on nuclear receptors as targets of environmental compounds. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2015; 36:88-101. [PMID: 25500867 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2014.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2014] [Accepted: 11/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear receptors (NRs) are members of a large superfamily of evolutionarily related transcription factors that control a plethora of biological processes. NRs orchestrate complex events such as development, organ homeostasis, metabolism, immune function, and reproduction. Approximately one-half of the 48 human NRs have been shown to act as ligand-regulated transcription factors and respond directly to a large variety of endogenous hormones and metabolites that are generally hydrophobic and small in size (eg, retinoic acid or estradiol). The second half of the NR family comprises the so-called orphan receptors, for which regulatory ligands are still unknown or may not exist despite the presence of a C-terminal ligand-binding domain, which is the hallmark of all NRs. Several chemicals released into the environment (eg, bisphenols, phthalates, parabens, etc) share some physicochemical properties with natural ligands, allowing them to bind to NRs and activate or inhibit their action. Collectively referred to as endocrine disruptors or endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), these environmental pollutants are highly suspected to cause a wide range of developmental, reproductive, neurological, or metabolic defects in humans and wildlife. Crystallographic studies are revealing unanticipated mechanisms by which chemically diverse EDCs interact with the ligand-binding domain of NRs. These studies thereby provide a rational basis for designing novel chemicals with lower impacts on human and animal health. In this review, we provide a structural and mechanistic view of endocrine disrupting action using estrogen receptors α and β, (ERα/β), peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ (PPARγ), and their respective environmental ligands as representative examples.
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LC-MS/MS determination of potential endocrine disruptors of cortico signalling in rivers and wastewaters. Anal Bioanal Chem 2014; 406:7653-65. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-014-8206-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2014] [Revised: 09/10/2014] [Accepted: 09/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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29
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Dibutyltin promotes oxidative stress and increases inflammatory mediators in BV-2 microglia cells. Toxicol Lett 2014; 230:177-87. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2014.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2013] [Revised: 01/29/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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30
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Peeters K, Zuliani T, Ščančar J, Milačič R. The use of isotopically enriched tin tracers to follow the transformation of organotin compounds in landfill leachate. WATER RESEARCH 2014; 53:297-309. [PMID: 24530549 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2014.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2013] [Revised: 12/25/2013] [Accepted: 01/17/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Landfill leachates are an important pool of organotin compounds (OTCs). Several studies have been performed on the occurrence of OTCs in landfill leachates, but only a few of them report degradation and biomethylation processes by bacteria. In the present study transformation of OTCs in landfill leachate was investigated under simulated landfill conditions over a time span of six months. The degradation and biomethylation processes of OTCs were followed by the use of isotopically enriched tin tracers, namely (117)Sn-enriched tributyltin (TBT), (119)Sn-enriched dibutyltin (DBT), (117)Sn-enriched SnCl2, (117)Sn-enriched SnCl4 and a (119)Sn-enriched butyltin mix containing TBT, DBT and monobutyltin (MBT). Transformation of OTCs in spiked leachates was followed at m/z of the enriched spikes and at m/z 120, which allowed simultaneous observation of the transformation of OTCs in the leachate itself and of the added spike. In parallel, these processes were also monitored in a non-spiked leachate sample at m/z 120. Quantification of OTCs was performed by gas chromatography - inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (GC-ICP-MS). To discriminate the biotic and abiotic transformations of OTCs and inorganic tin species, sterilization of leachate was also performed and data compared to non-sterilized samples. During the course of the experiment the microbial degradation of TBT was clearly manifested in Sn-enriched spiked leachate samples, while abiotic pathway of degradation was observed for DBT. Biomethylation process was also observed in the leachate spiked with Sn-enriched Sn(2+) or Sn(4+), in concentrations close to those found for total tin in landfill leachates. Monomethyltin (MMeT) was formed first. Stepwise alkylation resulted in dimethyltin (DMeT) and trimethyltin (TMeT) species formation. Hydrolysis of Sn(2+) and Sn(4+) species was found to be a limiting factor which controlled the extent of methyltin formation. The results of the present investigation importantly contribute to a better understanding of the processes that OTCs undergo in leachates, and provide useful information to managers of landfills in taking measures necessary to prevent the release of toxic methyltin species to the nearby environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Peeters
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tea Zuliani
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Janez Ščančar
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Radmila Milačič
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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31
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Scior T, Verhoff M, Gutierrez-Aztatzi I, Ammon HPT, Laufer S, Werz O. Interference of boswellic acids with the ligand binding domain of the glucocorticoid receptor. J Chem Inf Model 2014; 54:978-86. [PMID: 24512031 DOI: 10.1021/ci400666a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Boswellic acids (BAs) possess anti-inflammatory properties in various biological models with similar features to those of glucocorticoids (GCs), such as suppression of the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Hence, the molecular mechanism of BAs responsible for their anti-inflammatory features might be attributable to interference with the human glucocorticoid receptor (GR). Due to obvious structural similarities with GCs, we conducted pharmacophore studies as well as molecular docking simulations of BAs as putative ligands at the ligand binding site (LBS) of the GR in distinct functional states. In order to verify receptor binding and functional activation of the GR by BAs, radiometric binding assays as well as GR response element-dependent luciferase reporter assay were performed with dexamethasone (DEX) as a functional positive control. With respect to the observed position of GCs in GR crystal complexes in the active antagonist state, BAs docked in a flipped orientation with estimated binding constants reflecting nanomolar affinities. For validation, DEX and other steroids were successfully redocked into their crystal poses in similar ranges as reported in the literature. In line with the pharmacophore and docking models, the BAs were strong GR binders (radiometric binding assay), albeit none of the BAs activated the GR in the reporter gene assay, when compared to the GC agonist DEX. The flipped scaffolds of all BAs dislodge the known C-11 function from its receiving amino acid (Asn564), which may explain the silencing effects of receptor-bound BAs in the reporter gene assay. Together, our results constitute a compelling example of rigid keys acting in an adaptable lock qualifying as a reversed induced fit mechanism, thereby extending the hitherto published knowledge about molecular target interactions of BAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Scior
- Department of Pharmacy, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla , C.P. 72570 Puebla México
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Abstract
The obesogen hypothesis postulates the role of environmental chemical pollutants that disrupt homeostatic controls and adaptive mechanisms to promote adipose-dependent weight gain leading to obesity and metabolic syndrome complications. One of the most direct molecular mechanisms for coupling environmental chemical exposures to perturbed physiology invokes pollutants mimicking endogenous endocrine hormones or bioactive dietary signaling metabolites that serve as nuclear receptor ligands. The organotin pollutant tributyltin can exert toxicity through multiple mechanisms but most recently has been shown to bind, activate, and mediate RXR-PPARγ transcriptional regulation central to lipid metabolism and adipocyte biology. Data in support of long-term obesogenic effects on whole body adipose tissue are also reported. Organotins represent an important model test system for evaluating the impact and epidemiological significance of chemical insults as contributing factors for obesity and human metabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Grün
- The Center for Complex Biological Systems, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA.
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33
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Vuorinen A, Odermatt A, Schuster D. In silico methods in the discovery of endocrine disrupting chemicals. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2013; 137:18-26. [PMID: 23688835 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2013.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2012] [Revised: 04/03/2013] [Accepted: 04/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of sex hormone-dependent cancers, reproductive problems, obesity, and cardiovascular complications has risen especially in the Western world. It has been suggested, that the exposure to various endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) contributes to the development and progression of these diseases. EDCs can interfere with various proteins: nuclear steroid hormone receptors, such as estrogen-, androgen-, glucocorticoid- and mineralocorticoid receptors (ER, AR, GR, MR), and enzymes that are involved in steroid hormone synthesis and metabolism, for example hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases (HSDs). Numerous chemicals are known as endocrine disruptors. However, the mechanism of action for most of these EDCs is still unknown. It is exhaustive and time consuming to test in vitro all chemicals - potential EDCs - used in industry, agriculture or as food preservatives against their effects on the endocrine system. Computational methods, such as virtual screening, quantitative structure activity relationships and docking, are already well recognized and used in drug development. The same methods could also aid the research on EDCs. So far, the computational methods in the search of EDCs have been retrospective. There are, however, some prospective studies reporting the use of in silico methods: five studies reporting the identification of previously unknown 17β-HSD3 inhibitors, MR agonists, and ER antagonists/agonists. This review provides an overview of case studies and in silico methods that are used in the search of EDCs. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled 'CSR 2013'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Vuorinen
- Institute of Pharmacy/Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck - CMBI, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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34
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Kotake Y. Molecular mechanisms of environmental organotin toxicity in mammals. Biol Pharm Bull 2013; 35:1876-80. [PMID: 23123459 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b212017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Organotins such as tributyltin are suspected of having multiple toxic effects in mammals, in addition to their endocrine-disrupting function. Endogenous organotin concentrations in human blood range from a few to a few hundred nM. In this review, we summarize recent findings on the mechanisms of toxicity of environmental organotins such as tributyltin (TBT) and triphenyltin (TPT) in mammals. TBT and TPT are potent inhibitors of mitochondrial ATP synthase, and a recent study suggests that TBT binds directly to ATP synthase. Organotins disturb steroid biosynthesis and degradation. TBT and TPT are dual agonists of retinoid X receptor (RXR) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ); they also induce the differentiation of adipocytes in vitro and in vivo, probably through PPARγ activation, suggesting that they may work as obesogens. Environmental organotins are also neurotoxic; they induce behavioral abnormality and are toxic to the developing central nervous system. In vitro studies have shown that organotins induce intracellular Ca(2+) elevation and glutamate excitotoxicity. Recently, it was reported that endogenous levels of TBT decrease expression of 2-amino-3-(5-methyl-3-oxo-1,2-oxazol-4-yl)propanoic acid (AMPA) receptor subunit GluR2, leading to neuronal vulnerability. Most of the experimental studies have employed organotins at concentrations of µM order, and it remains important to clarify the molecular mechanisms of events induced by endogenous levels of environmental organotins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaichiro Kotake
- Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.
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35
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Pagliarani A, Nesci S, Ventrella V. Toxicity of organotin compounds: Shared and unshared biochemical targets and mechanisms in animal cells. Toxicol In Vitro 2013; 27:978-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2012.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2012] [Revised: 11/08/2012] [Accepted: 12/03/2012] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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36
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Schug T, Abagyan R, Blumberg B, Collins T, Crews D, DeFur P, Dickerson S, Edwards T, Gore A, Guillette L, Hayes T, Heindel J, Moores A, Patisaul H, Tal T, Thayer K, Vandenberg L, Warner J, Watson C, Saal FV, Zoeller R, O’Brien K, Myers J. Designing Endocrine Disruption Out of the Next Generation of Chemicals. GREEN CHEMISTRY : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL AND GREEN CHEMISTRY RESOURCE : GC 2013; 15:181-198. [PMID: 25110461 PMCID: PMC4125359 DOI: 10.1039/c2gc35055f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
A central goal of green chemistry is to avoid hazard in the design of new chemicals. This objective is best achieved when information about a chemical's potential hazardous effects is obtained as early in the design process as feasible. Endocrine disruption is a type of hazard that to date has been inadequately addressed by both industrial and regulatory science. To aid chemists in avoiding this hazard, we propose an endocrine disruption testing protocol for use by chemists in the design of new chemicals. The Tiered Protocol for Endocrine Disruption (TiPED) has been created under the oversight of a scientific advisory committee composed of leading representatives from both green chemistry and the environmental health sciences. TiPED is conceived as a tool for new chemical design, thus it starts with a chemist theoretically at "the drawing board." It consists of five testing tiers ranging from broad in silico evaluation up through specific cell- and whole organism-based assays. To be effective at detecting endocrine disruption, a testing protocol must be able to measure potential hormone-like or hormone-inhibiting effects of chemicals, as well as the many possible interactions and signaling sequellae such chemicals may have with cell-based receptors. Accordingly, we have designed this protocol to broadly interrogate the endocrine system. The proposed protocol will not detect all possible mechanisms of endocrine disruption, because scientific understanding of these phenomena is advancing rapidly. To ensure that the protocol remains current, we have established a plan for incorporating new assays into the protocol as the science advances. In this paper we present the principles that should guide the science of testing new chemicals for endocrine disruption, as well as principles by which to evaluate individual assays for applicability, and laboratories for reliability. In a 'proof-of-principle' test, we ran 6 endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) that act via different endocrinological mechanisms through the protocol using published literature. Each was identified as endocrine active by one or more tiers. We believe that this voluntary testing protocol will be a dynamic tool to facilitate efficient and early identification of potentially problematic chemicals, while ultimately reducing the risks to public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- T.T Schug
- Corresponding authors: T.T. Schug, . K.P. O’Brien, . J.P. Myers,
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - K.P. O’Brien
- Corresponding authors: T.T. Schug, . K.P. O’Brien, . J.P. Myers,
| | - J.P. Myers
- Corresponding authors: T.T. Schug, . K.P. O’Brien, . J.P. Myers,
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The environmental obesogen bisphenol A promotes adipogenesis by increasing the amount of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 in the adipose tissue of children. Int J Obes (Lond) 2012; 37:999-1005. [PMID: 23090578 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2012.173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2012] [Revised: 09/11/2012] [Accepted: 09/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bisphenol A (BPA) is considered as an environmental obesogen. The enzyme 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11β-HSD1) converts the inactive hormone cortisone to the active hormone cortisol in adipose tissues and promotes adipogenesis. OBJECTIVE To examine whether environmentally relevant concentrations of BPA could increase the expression of 11β-HSD1, as well as that of the adipogenesis-related genes peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) and lipoprotein lipase (LPL), in the adipose tissue of children. METHODS Omental fat biopsies were obtained from 17 children (7 boys and 10 girls between 3 and 13 years of age) undergoing abdominal surgery. The effects of BPA (10 nM, 1 μM, and 80 μM) on 11β-HSD1, PPAR-γ and LPL mRNA expression, and 11β-HSD1 enzymatic activity in adipose tissue and adipocytes were assessed in vitro. Moreover, the effects of carbenoxolone (CBX), an 11β-HSD1 inhibitor, or RU486, a glucocorticoid (GC) receptor antagonist, on 11β-HSD1, PPAR-γ and LPL mRNA expression were assessed in human visceral preadipocytes and adipocytes. RESULTS BPA, even at the lowest concentration tested (10 nM), increased the mRNA expression and enzymatic activity of 11β-HSD1 in the omental adipose tissue samples and the visceral adipocytes. Similar effects on PPAR-γ and LPL mRNA expression and lipid accumulation were observed in the adipocytes. CBX treatment inhibited the stimulatory effects of BPA (at 10 nM) on PPAR-γ and LPL mRNA expression, whereas RU486 inhibited 11β-HSD1 mRNA expression in the adipocytes. CONCLUSION BPA, at environmentally relevant levels, increased the mRNA expression and enzymatic activity of 11β-HSD1 by acting upon a GC receptor, which may lead to the acceleration of adipogenesis.
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Fang L, Borggaard OK, Christensen JH, Holm PE, Hansen HCB. Adsorption of mono- and di-butyltin by a wheat charcoal: pH effects and modeling. CHEMOSPHERE 2012; 89:863-8. [PMID: 22664389 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2012.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2012] [Revised: 05/03/2012] [Accepted: 05/07/2012] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Understanding adsorption processes of butyltins (BTs) such as monobutyltin (MBT) and dibutyltin (DBT) by black carbons is important for the evaluation of BT exposure risks to organisms and humans. However, relevant knowledge is scarce. In this study, the acidity constants pK(a,1)=2.3, pK(a,2)=3.5 and pK(a,3)=5.9 for MBT and pK(a,1)=3.0 and pK(a,2)=5.1 for DBT are estimated via potentiometric titration. Additionally, adsorption isotherms of BTs to a wheat charcoal were determined. The adsorption behavior was observed to be pH-dependent due to BT speciation and the pH-dependent surface charge of the charcoal. MBT adsorption to the charcoal decreases with increasing pH from 4 to 8, while the highest adsorption occurs at pH 6 for DBT. Adsorption of the BTs is successfully described in the pH range of 3-10 by using a newly developed pH-dependent Dual Langmuir model. The model has the potential to predict the interaction of BT species with charcoal, which can contribute to the risk assessments of BTs in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Fang
- Department of Basic Sciences and Environment, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
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Si J, Li J, Zhang F, Li G, Xin Q, Dai B. Effects of perinatal exposure to low doses of tributyltin chloride on pregnancy outcome and postnatal development in mouse offspring. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2012; 27:605-612. [PMID: 22972585 DOI: 10.1002/tox.20753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2011] [Accepted: 06/04/2011] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Tributyltin (TBT), an endocrine-disrupting chemical, is well known to induce imposex in female gastropods. In this study, we assessed the effects of low doses of tributyltin chloride (TBTCl) on dams and their offspring. Pregnant mice were administered by gavage with 0, 1, 10, or 100 μg TBTCl/kg body weight/day from day 6 of pregnancy through the period of lactation. There were no TBT treatment-related deaths or clinical signs of toxicity for dams, and no treatment-related effects on body weight, litter sizes, gestational length of dams, and sex ratio, lactational body weight, postnatal survival, age at eruption of incisors, and eye opening of pups. However, at 100 μg/kg, TBTCl retarded the testes descent of male offspring. Behavioral tests showed a significant delay in cliff-drop aversion response in offspring of 10 and 100 μg/kg groups, but no significant difference in the righting reflex between control and TBT-exposed offspring was detectable. These results indicate that neurobehavioral toxicity seems to be one sensitive indicator to assess the risk of low doses of TBT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiliang Si
- School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China.
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Hu P, Chen X, Whitener RJ, Boder ET, Jones JO, Porollo A, Chen J, Zhao L. Effects of parabens on adipocyte differentiation. Toxicol Sci 2012; 131:56-70. [PMID: 22956630 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfs262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Parabens are a group of alkyl esters of p-hydroxybenzoic acid that include methylparaben, ethylparaben, propylparaben, butylparaben, and benzylparaben. Paraben esters and their salts are widely used as preservatives in cosmetics, toiletries, food, and pharmaceuticals. Humans are exposed to parabens through the use of such products from dermal contact, ingestion, and inhalation. However, research on the effects of parabens on health is limited, and the effects of parabens on adipogenesis have not been systematically studied. Here, we report that (1) parabens promote adipogenesis (or adipocyte differentiation) in murine 3T3-L1 cells, as revealed by adipocyte morphology, lipid accumulation, and mRNA expression of adipocyte-specific markers; (2) the adipogenic potency of parabens is increased with increasing length of the linear alkyl chain in the following potency ranking order: methyl- < ethyl- < propyl- < butylparaben. The extension of the linear alkyl chain with an aromatic ring in benzylparaben further augments the adipogenic ability, whereas 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, the common metabolite of all parabens, and the structurally related benzoic acid (without the OH group) are inactive in promoting 3T3-L1 adipocyte differentiation; (3) parabens activate glucocorticoid receptor and/or peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes; however, no direct binding to, or modulation of, the ligand binding domain of the glucocorticoid receptor by parabens was detected by glucocorticoid receptor competitor assays; and lastly, (4) parabens, butyl- and benzylparaben in particular, also promote adipose conversion of human adipose-derived multipotent stromal cells. Our results suggest that parabens may contribute to obesity epidemic, and the role of parabens in adipogenesis in vivo needs to be examined further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Hu
- Department of Nutrition, The Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130021, China
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41
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Jennings P, Limonciel A, Felice L, Leonard MO. An overview of transcriptional regulation in response to toxicological insult. Arch Toxicol 2012; 87:49-72. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-012-0919-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2012] [Accepted: 07/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Weger BD, Weger M, Nusser M, Brenner-Weiss G, Dickmeis T. A chemical screening system for glucocorticoid stress hormone signaling in an intact vertebrate. ACS Chem Biol 2012; 7:1178-83. [PMID: 22545806 PMCID: PMC3401037 DOI: 10.1021/cb3000474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Glucocorticoids, steroid hormones of the adrenal gland,
are an
integral part of the stress response and regulate glucose metabolism.
Natural and synthetic glucocorticoids are widely used in anti-inflammatory
therapy but can have severe side effects. In vivo tests are needed to identify novel glucocorticoids and to screen
compounds for unwanted effects on glucocorticoid signaling. We created
the Glucocorticoid Responsive In vivoZebrafish Luciferase
activitY assay to monitor glucocorticoid signaling in vivo. The GRIZLY assay detects stress-induced glucocorticoid
production in single zebrafish larvae, measures disruption of glucocorticoid
signaling by an organotin pollutant metabolite, and specifically identifies
a compound stimulating endogenous glucocorticoid production in a chemical
screen. Our assay has broad applications in stress research, environmental
monitoring, and drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin D. Weger
- Institute
of Toxicology and Genetics and ‡Institute of Functional Interfaces, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz
1, D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Meltem Weger
- Institute
of Toxicology and Genetics and ‡Institute of Functional Interfaces, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz
1, D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Michael Nusser
- Institute
of Toxicology and Genetics and ‡Institute of Functional Interfaces, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz
1, D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Gerald Brenner-Weiss
- Institute
of Toxicology and Genetics and ‡Institute of Functional Interfaces, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz
1, D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Thomas Dickmeis
- Institute
of Toxicology and Genetics and ‡Institute of Functional Interfaces, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz
1, D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
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Janesick A, Blumberg B. Obesogens, stem cells and the developmental programming of obesity. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ANDROLOGY 2012; 35:437-48. [PMID: 22372658 PMCID: PMC3358413 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2605.2012.01247.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Obesogens are chemicals that directly or indirectly lead to increased fat accumulation and obesity. Obesogens have the potential to disrupt multiple metabolic signalling pathways in the developing organism that can result in permanent changes in adult physiology. Prenatal or perinatal exposure to obesogenic endocrine disrupting chemicals has been shown to predispose an organism to store more fat from the beginning of its life. For example, excess oestrogen or cortisol exposure in the womb or during early life resulted in an increased susceptibility to obesity and metabolic syndrome later in life. This review focuses on the effects of environmental chemicals, such as the model obesogen, tributyltin (TBT), on the development of obesity. We discuss evidence linking the obesogenic effects of TBT with its ability to activate the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma and stimulate adipogenesis. We also discuss how TBT and other environmental obesogens may lead to epigenetic changes that predispose exposed individuals to subsequent weight gain and obesity. This suggests that humans, who have been exposed to obesogenic chemicals during sensitive windows of development, might be pre-programmed to store increased amounts of fat, resulting in a lifelong struggle to maintain a healthy weight and exacerbating the deleterious effects of poor diet and inadequate exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Janesick
- Departments of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-2300, USA.
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Bennasroune A, Rojas L, Foucaud L, Goulaouic S, Laval-Gilly P, Fickova M, Couleau N, Durandet C, Henry S, Falla J. Effects of 4-Nonylphenol and/or Diisononylphthalate on THP-1 Cells: Impact of Endocrine Disruptors on Human Immune System Parameters. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2012; 25:365-76. [DOI: 10.1177/039463201202500206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A. Bennasroune
- Université de Lorraine, Laboratoire des Interactions Ecotoxicologie, Biodiversité, Ecosystèmes (LIEBE), CNRS UMR 7146, IUT Thionville-Yutz, Yutz, France
- CNRS, Laboratoire des Interactions Ecotoxicologie, Biodiversité, Ecosystèmes (LIEBE), CNRS UMR 7146, IUT Thionville-Yutz, Yutz, France
| | - L. Rojas
- Université de Lorraine, Laboratoire des Interactions Ecotoxicologie, Biodiversité, Ecosystèmes (LIEBE), CNRS UMR 7146, IUT Thionville-Yutz, Yutz, France
- CNRS, Laboratoire des Interactions Ecotoxicologie, Biodiversité, Ecosystèmes (LIEBE), CNRS UMR 7146, IUT Thionville-Yutz, Yutz, France
| | - L. Foucaud
- Université de Lorraine, Laboratoire des Interactions Ecotoxicologie, Biodiversité, Ecosystèmes (LIEBE), CNRS UMR 7146, IUT Thionville-Yutz, Yutz, France
- CNRS, Laboratoire des Interactions Ecotoxicologie, Biodiversité, Ecosystèmes (LIEBE), CNRS UMR 7146, IUT Thionville-Yutz, Yutz, France
| | - S. Goulaouic
- Université de Lorraine, Laboratoire des Interactions Ecotoxicologie, Biodiversité, Ecosystèmes (LIEBE), CNRS UMR 7146, IUT Thionville-Yutz, Yutz, France
- CNRS, Laboratoire des Interactions Ecotoxicologie, Biodiversité, Ecosystèmes (LIEBE), CNRS UMR 7146, IUT Thionville-Yutz, Yutz, France
| | - P. Laval-Gilly
- Université de Lorraine, Laboratoire des Interactions Ecotoxicologie, Biodiversité, Ecosystèmes (LIEBE), CNRS UMR 7146, IUT Thionville-Yutz, Yutz, France
- CNRS, Laboratoire des Interactions Ecotoxicologie, Biodiversité, Ecosystèmes (LIEBE), CNRS UMR 7146, IUT Thionville-Yutz, Yutz, France
| | - M. Fickova
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - N. Couleau
- Université de Lorraine, Laboratoire des Interactions Ecotoxicologie, Biodiversité, Ecosystèmes (LIEBE), CNRS UMR 7146, IUT Thionville-Yutz, Yutz, France
- CNRS, Laboratoire des Interactions Ecotoxicologie, Biodiversité, Ecosystèmes (LIEBE), CNRS UMR 7146, IUT Thionville-Yutz, Yutz, France
| | - C. Durandet
- Université de Lorraine, Laboratoire des Interactions Ecotoxicologie, Biodiversité, Ecosystèmes (LIEBE), CNRS UMR 7146, IUT Thionville-Yutz, Yutz, France
| | - S. Henry
- Université de Lorraine, Laboratoire des Interactions Ecotoxicologie, Biodiversité, Ecosystèmes (LIEBE), CNRS UMR 7146, IUT Thionville-Yutz, Yutz, France
- CNRS, Laboratoire des Interactions Ecotoxicologie, Biodiversité, Ecosystèmes (LIEBE), CNRS UMR 7146, IUT Thionville-Yutz, Yutz, France
| | - J. Falla
- Université de Lorraine, Laboratoire des Interactions Ecotoxicologie, Biodiversité, Ecosystèmes (LIEBE), CNRS UMR 7146, IUT Thionville-Yutz, Yutz, France
- CNRS, Laboratoire des Interactions Ecotoxicologie, Biodiversité, Ecosystèmes (LIEBE), CNRS UMR 7146, IUT Thionville-Yutz, Yutz, France
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Nishioka J, Iwahara C, Kawasaki M, Yoshizaki F, Nakayama H, Takamori K, Ogawa H, Iwabuchi K. Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate induces production of inflammatory molecules in human macrophages. Inflamm Res 2011; 61:69-78. [PMID: 22005928 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-011-0390-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2010] [Revised: 10/02/2011] [Accepted: 10/04/2011] [Indexed: 10/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE AND DESIGN To investigate whether di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) affects the production of inflammatory cytokines by human macrophages. MATERIALS AND METHODS Differentiated macrophage-like THP-1 cells were exposed to 200 μM DEHP for 3 h, followed by incubation in the presence or absence of opsonized zymosan A, and the concentrations of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-8, and IL-6 in the culture media were determined by ELISA. DNA microarray and quantitative real-time RT-PCR analyses were performed to identify genes that showed changes in expression in response to DEHP. RESULTS DEHP treatment increased the concentrations of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-8, and IL-6 in the media, regardless of whether the cells phagocytosed zymosan. DNA microarray analysis showed that DEHP increased the levels of expression of IL-8, CXCL1, CXCL2, CXCL3, CXCL6, CCL3, MMP3, MMP10, MMP14, and CSF2 mRNA, and real-time RT-PCR showed that DEHP significantly enhanced the levels of expression of IL-8, CXCL1, CXCL2, CXCL3, CXCL6, CCL3, MMP10, CSF2, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 mRNA in THP-1 cells. DEHP significantly induced translocation of p65 NF-κB into the nucleus. CONCLUSION DEHP enhances the production of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines by macrophages, and exacerbates their inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junko Nishioka
- Institute for Environmental and Gender-Specific Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Urayasu-shi, Chiba, Japan
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Decherf S, Demeneix BA. The obesogen hypothesis: a shift of focus from the periphery to the hypothalamus. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART B, CRITICAL REVIEWS 2011; 14:423-448. [PMID: 21790320 DOI: 10.1080/10937404.2011.578561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The obesogen concept proposes that environmental contaminants may be contributing to the epidemic of obesity and its related pathology, metabolic disorder. The first references to such a notion appeared at the beginning of the current decade, with the hypothesis that the correlation between increasing incidence of obesity and enhanced industrial chemical production was not simply coincidental, but potentially causally related. The next event was the introduction of the term "obesogen" as representing an environmental pollutant that adversely affects various aspects of adipose tissue functions. More recently, the concept was extended to include substances that may modify metabolic balance at the central, hypothalamic level. The actions of two prime candidate obesogens, tributyltin (TBT) and tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA), acting at the central level are the main focus of this review. Having discussed the evidence for contaminant accumulation in the environment and in human tissues and the potential mechanisms of action, data are provided showing that these two widespread pollutants modify hypothalamic gene regulations. Our studies are based on maternal exposure and measurement of effects in the progeny, mainly based on in vivo gene reporter assays. Such models are obviously pertinent to testing current hypotheses that propose that early exposure might exert effects on later development and physiological functions. The potential molecular mechanisms involved are discussed, as are the broader physiological consequences of these hypothalamic dysregulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Decherf
- CNRS UMR 7221 «Evolution of Endocrine Regulations», Department Regulations, Development and Molecular Diversity, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The environmental obesogen hypothesis postulates chemical pollutants that are able to promote obesity by altering homeostatic metabolic set-points, disrupting appetite controls, perturbing lipid homeostasis to promote adipocyte hypertrophy, or stimulating adipogenic pathways that enhance adipocyte hyperplasia during development or in adults. This review focuses on recent experimental advances for candidate obesogens that target nuclear hormone receptors when a direct link between exposure, modulation of transcriptional networks and adipogenic phenotypes can be rationalized. RECENT FINDINGS Various endocrine disrupting chemicals can disrupt hormonal signaling relevant to adipose tissue biology. In this review, progress on one identified obesogen, the organotin tributyltin, will be outlined to highlight principles and novel insights into its high-affinity nuclear hormone receptor-mediated mechanism, its effects on adipocyte biology, its potential to promote long-term obesogenic changes and its epidemiological relevance. When appropriate, important results for other suspected obesogenic ligands, including bisphenol A, phthalates, polybrominated diphenyl ethers and perfluoro-compounds, will highlight corroborating principles. SUMMARY These examples serve to provide perspective on the potential harm that man-made obesogenic pollutants pose to human health, focus attention on areas in which knowledge remains inadequate and prompt a re-evaluation of the causative risk factors driving the current changes in obesity rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Grün
- Center for Complex Biological Systems, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697-2280, USA.
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Sargis RM, Johnson DN, Choudhury RA, Brady MJ. Environmental endocrine disruptors promote adipogenesis in the 3T3-L1 cell line through glucocorticoid receptor activation. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2010; 18:1283-8. [PMID: 19927138 PMCID: PMC3957336 DOI: 10.1038/oby.2009.419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 218] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The burgeoning obesity and diabetes epidemics threaten health worldwide, yet the molecular mechanisms underlying these phenomena are incompletely understood. Recently, attention has focused on the potential contributions of environmental pollutants that act as endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) in the pathogenesis of metabolic diseases. Because glucocorticoid signaling is central to adipocyte differentiation, the ability of EDCs to stimulate the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and drive adipogenesis was assessed in the 3T3-L1 cell line. Various EDCs were screened for glucocorticoid-like activity using a luciferase reporter construct, and four (bisphenol A (BPA), dicyclohexyl phthalate (DCHP), endrin, and tolylfluanid (TF)) were shown to significantly stimulate GR without significant activation of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma. 3T3-L1 preadipocytes were then treated with EDCs and a weak differentiation cocktail containing dehydrocorticosterone (DHC) in place of the synthetic dexamethasone. The capacity of these compounds to promote adipogenesis was assessed by quantitative oil red O staining and immunoblotting for adipocyte-specific proteins. The four EDCs increased lipid accumulation in the differentiating adipocytes and also upregulated the expression of adipocytic proteins. Interestingly, proadipogenic effects were observed at picomolar concentrations for several of the EDCs. Because there was no detectable adipogenesis when the preadipocytes were treated with compounds alone, the EDCs are likely promoting adipocyte differentiation by synergizing with agents present in the differentiation cocktail. Thus, EDCs are able to promote adipogenesis through the activation of the GR, further implicating these compounds in the rising rates of obesity and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert M. Sargis
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Endocrine Discovery and Clinical Care, the University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Daniel N. Johnson
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Endocrine Discovery and Clinical Care, the University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Rashikh A. Choudhury
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Endocrine Discovery and Clinical Care, the University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Matthew J. Brady
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Endocrine Discovery and Clinical Care, the University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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le Maire A, Bourguet W, Balaguer P. A structural view of nuclear hormone receptor: endocrine disruptor interactions. Cell Mol Life Sci 2010; 67:1219-37. [PMID: 20063036 PMCID: PMC11115495 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-009-0249-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2009] [Revised: 12/03/2009] [Accepted: 12/22/2009] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) represent a broad class of exogenous substances that cause adverse effects in the endocrine system by interfering with hormone biosynthesis, metabolism, or action. The molecular mechanisms of EDCs involve different pathways including interactions with nuclear hormone receptors (NHRs) which are primary targets of a large variety of environmental contaminants. Here, based on the crystal structures currently available in the Protein Data Bank, we review recent studies showing the many ways in which EDCs interact with NHRs and impact their signaling pathways. Like the estrogenic chemical diethylstilbestrol, some EDCs mimic the natural hormones through conserved protein-ligand contacts, while others, such as organotins, employ radically different binding mechanisms. Such structure-based knowledge, in addition to providing a better understanding of EDC activities, can be used to predict the endocrine-disrupting potential of environmental pollutants and may have applications in drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albane le Maire
- INSERM, U554, Centre de Biochimie Structurale, 34090 Montpellier, France
- CNRS, UMR5048, Universités Montpellier 1 & 2, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - William Bourguet
- INSERM, U554, Centre de Biochimie Structurale, 34090 Montpellier, France
- CNRS, UMR5048, Universités Montpellier 1 & 2, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Patrick Balaguer
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM), 34298 Montpellier, France
- INSERM, U896, 34298 Montpellier, France
- Université Montpellier 1, 34298 Montpellier, France
- CRLC Val d’Aurelle Paul Lamarque, 34298 Montpellier, France
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Abstract
The recent dramatic rise in obesity rates is an alarming global health trend that consumes an ever increasing portion of health care budgets in Western countries. The root cause of obesity is thought to be a prolonged positive energy balance. Hence, the major focus of preventative programs for obesity has been to target overeating and inadequate physical exercise. Recent research implicates environmental risk factors, including nutrient quality, stress, fetal environment and pharmaceutical or chemical exposure as relevant contributing influences. Evidence points to endocrine disrupting chemicals that interfere with the body's adipose tissue biology, endocrine hormone systems or central hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis as suspects in derailing the homeostatic mechanisms important to weight control. This review highlights recent advances in our understanding of the molecular targets and mechanisms of action for these compounds and areas of future research needed to evaluate the significance of their contribution to obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Grün
- Department of Developmental & Cell Biology, University of California Irvine, 92697-2300, USA
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