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Wang X, Hivert V, Groot S, Wang Y, Yengo L, McGrath JJ, Kemper KE, Visscher PM, Wray NR, Revez JA. Cross-ancestry analyses identify new genetic loci associated with 25-hydroxyvitamin D. PLoS Genet 2023; 19:e1011033. [PMID: 37963177 PMCID: PMC10684098 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1011033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D status-a complex trait influenced by environmental and genetic factors-is tightly associated with skin colour and ancestry. Yet very few studies have investigated the genetic underpinnings of vitamin D levels across diverse ancestries, and the ones that have, relied on small sample sizes, resulting in inconclusive results. Here, we conduct genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of 25 hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD)-the main circulating form of vitamin D-in 442,435 individuals from four broad genetically-determined ancestry groups represented in the UK Biobank: European (N = 421,867), South Asian (N = 9,983), African (N = 8,306) and East Asian (N = 2,279). We identify a new genetic determinant of 25OHD (rs146759773) in individuals of African ancestry, which was not detected in previous analysis of much larger European cohorts due to low minor allele frequency. We show genome-wide significant evidence of dominance effects in 25OHD that protect against vitamin D deficiency. Given that key events in the synthesis of 25OHD occur in the skin and are affected by pigmentation levels, we conduct GWAS of 25OHD stratified by skin colour and identify new associations. Lastly, we test the interaction between skin colour and variants associated with variance in 25OHD levels and identify two loci (rs10832254 and rs1352846) whose association with 25OHD differs in individuals of distinct complexions. Collectively, our results provide new insights into the complex relationship between 25OHD and skin colour and highlight the importance of diversity in genomic studies. Despite the much larger rates of vitamin D deficiency that we and others report for ancestry groups with dark skin (e.g., South Asian), our study highlights the importance of considering ancestral background and/or skin colour when assessing the implications of low vitamin D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotong Wang
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Valentin Hivert
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Shiane Groot
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ying Wang
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research and Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Loic Yengo
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - John J. McGrath
- National Centre for Register-Based Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus V, Denmark
- Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, The Park Centre for Mental Health, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Kathryn E. Kemper
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Peter M. Visscher
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Naomi R. Wray
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Joana A. Revez
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Buenaluz-Sedurante M, Bruno R, Dagang DJ, Isaiah Co M, Tee M. Association Between 25-hydroxyvitamin D Levels and Testosterone in Healthy, Non-Obese, Young Adult, Filipino Men. J ASEAN Fed Endocr Soc 2023; 38:71-76. [PMID: 38045666 PMCID: PMC10692406 DOI: 10.15605/jafes.038.02.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective This study seeks to determine the association between vitamin D and testosterone in healthy, adult Filipino males. Methodology This cross-sectional study included 110 healthy, non-obese, male volunteers aged 21-40. History and physical exam were taken, and blood was drawn for vitamin D, total testosterone (TT), sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), albumin, insulin, fasting plasma glucose, and total cholesterol. Free testosterone (FT) was calculated. Vitamin D data were classified by status and TT, FT, and SHBG levels compared using the Kruskal-Wallis test. The associations of vitamin D levels with TT, FT, and SHBG were explored using multiple regression analysis. Results Vitamin D levels were sufficient in 3 (2.7%), insufficient in 17 (15.45%), and deficient in 90 (81.8%) of the sample. There were no significant differences in the mean TT (p = 0.7981), FT (p = 0.8768), nor SHBG (p = 0.1838) across vitamin D status. Vitamin D was not associated with TT nor FT before or after adjustment for age and age plus body mass index (BMI). Vitamin D was associated with SHBG before and after the aforementioned adjustments, but this became insignificant on sensitivity analysis. Conclusion There is no association between vitamin D and TT, FT nor SHBG in our cohort with deficient vitamin D levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myrna Buenaluz-Sedurante
- Department of Physiology, University of the Philippines College of Medicine, Manila
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of the Philippines College of Medicine, Manila
| | - Racquel Bruno
- Department of Physiology, University of the Philippines College of Medicine, Manila
| | - Daryl Jade Dagang
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of the Philippines College of Medicine, Manila
| | - Mark Isaiah Co
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of the Philippines College of Medicine, Manila
| | - Michael Tee
- Department of Physiology, University of the Philippines College of Medicine, Manila
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Li YF, Zheng X, Gao WL, Tao F, Chen Y. Association between serum vitamin D levels and visceral adipose tissue among adolescents: a cross-sectional observational study in NHANES 2011–2015. BMC Pediatr 2022; 22:634. [PMID: 36333688 PMCID: PMC9635166 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-022-03688-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In recent years, obesity and vitamin D deficiency are more prevalent among adolescents. Improving our knowledge of the link between vitamin D and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) is essential for the health of adolescents. This study aimed to examine the connection between serum vitamin D levels and VAT mass among adolescents participating in the United States. Methods This is a cross-sectional study that used data from the 2011 to 2015 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). The connection between serum vitamin D levels and VAT was investigated using weighted multiple linear regression models. Potential nonlinear relationships were explored using smooth curve fitting. Results The analysis included 3171 adolescents aged 12–19 years. Vitamin D levels were shown to be inversely linked with VAT in the full-adjusted model (β = − 0.34, 95% CI: − 0.49 to − 0.19). When stratified analyses by gender, this negative relationship persisted in the girls’ group (β = − 0.39, 95% CI: − 0.60 to − 0.19), but not in the boys’ group (β = − 0.06, 95% CI: − 0.25 to 0.13). When stratified analysis by race, this negative relationship persisted in the Mexican American group (β = − 0.61, 95% CI: − 1.03 to − 0.19), and the non-Hispanic White group (β = − 0.27, 95% CI: − 0.54 to − 0.01), but not in the other groups. Conclusions Our findings confirmed that serum vitamin D levels negatively correlated with VAT among adolescents in the United State, especially in girls, the Mexican American and non-Hispanic White. Further research is needed to determine whether increasing serum vitamin D levels decrease VAT among adolescents. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12887-022-03688-2.
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Puspitaningtyas H, Sulistyoningrum DC, Witaningrum R, Widodo I, Hardianti MS, Taroeno-Hariadi KW, Kurnianda J, Purwanto I, Hutajulu SH. Vitamin D status in breast cancer cases following chemotherapy: A pre and post observational study in a tertiary hospital in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0270507. [PMID: 35749452 PMCID: PMC9231732 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0270507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives
To observe pre- and post-treatment vitamin D level and its association with treatment and concomitant factors in breast cancer patients treated with chemotherapy.
Methods
We performed a pre-post observational analysis that nested in an ongoing prospective cohort study of breast cancer patients at Dr. Sardjito General Hospital, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. 136 subjects were recruited from the main study. Information on subjects’ socio-demographic characteristics clinical status, and tumour profile was assessed at baseline. Number of chemotherapy cycles and chemotherapy-induced nausea vomiting (CINV) were also recorded. Vitamin D concentration was measured using ELISA methods at baseline and post-treatment. Vitamin D level of <20 ng/ml and <12 ng/ml were defined as deficiency and severe deficiency. Correlation between socio-demographic and clinical profile with baseline vitamin D was tested using Spearman correlation. Paired t-test was used to evaluate changes in post-treatment vitamin D concentration. The odds ratio for a subject to experience post-treatment vitamin D decrease was assessed based on number of chemotherapy cycles and CINV severity.
Results
The mean vitamin D level before chemotherapy was very low (8.80±3.64 ng/ml) in the whole panel. Higher AST level were associated with lower vitamin D level at baseline (r = -0.188, p = 0.028). Severe deficiency was found in 82.4% subjects at baseline and the rate increased to 89.0% after chemotherapy. Eighty-five cases showed a decrease level whereas 51 showed a slight improvement. Overall, a significant decrease of the vitamin D level was observed after chemotherapy (median change 3.13±4.03 ng/ml, p <0.001). Subjects who received >6 cycles of chemotherapy were less likely to experience a decreased level of post-treatment vitamin D (OR = 0.436, 95% CI = 0.196–0.968, p = 0.039).
Conclusions
Indonesian breast cancer patients showed pre-existing severe vitamin D deficiency and deterioration of vitamin D after chemotherapy. Future research is needed to explore its implication towards patients’ survival in the local setting. Evidence-based approach also needs to be taken to address this modifiable condition, including increasing awareness of the importance of maintaining vitamin D sufficiency both in patients and the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herindita Puspitaningtyas
- Master of Clinical Medicine Postgraduate Program, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Dian Caturini Sulistyoningrum
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Riani Witaningrum
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Dr Sardjito General Hospital, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Irianiwati Widodo
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada/ Dr Sardjito General Hospital, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Mardiah Suci Hardianti
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada/Dr Sardjito General Hospital, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Kartika Widayati Taroeno-Hariadi
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada/Dr Sardjito General Hospital, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Johan Kurnianda
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada/Dr Sardjito General Hospital, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Ibnu Purwanto
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada/Dr Sardjito General Hospital, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Susanna Hilda Hutajulu
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada/Dr Sardjito General Hospital, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
- * E-mail:
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Brooks SPJ, Ratnayake WMN, Rondeau I, Swist E, Sarafin K, Weiler HA. Inadequate vitamin D status is associated with lower food plus supplemental intake of vitamin D in children of South Asian ethnicity living in the National Capital Region of Canada. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2021; 47:1-8. [PMID: 34516934 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2021-0203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin D status, measured in a Vitamin D Standardization Program certified laboratory, was assessed among children of South Asian and European ethnicity living in the national capital region of Canada to explore factors that may account for inadequate status. Demographic information, dietary and supplemental vitamin D over 30 d prior to measurement of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD), and anthropometry were measured (age 6.0-18.9 y; n = 58/group; February-March 2015). No group related differences in age, height and body mass index (BMI) Z-scores or in food vitamin D intakes were observed. Standardized serum 25OHD was lower in South Asian children (mean ± SD: 39.0 ± 16.8 nmol/L vs. European: 58.4 ± 15.8 nmol/L). A greater proportion of South Asian children had serum 25OHD <40 nmol/L (56.9 vs. 8.6%, P < 0.0001) and fewer took supplements (31 vs. 50%, P = 0.0389). In a multi-factorial model (r2 = 0.54), lower vitamin D status was associated with overweight/obese BMI and older age (14-18 y); no interaction with ethnicity was observed. Lower vitamin D status was associated with lower total vitamin D intake only in South Asian children. This study reinforces the importance of public health actions towards meeting vitamin D intake recommendations among those of high-risk deficiency. Novelty: A higher proportion of South Asian vs. European children had inadequate vitamin D status. Lower vitamin D status was associated with a BMI in the overweight/obese range. Lower vitamin D status was associated with lower total vitamin D intake in South Asian but not European children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen P J Brooks
- Bureau of Nutritional Sciences, Food Directorate, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0L2, Canada
| | - W M Nimal Ratnayake
- Bureau of Nutritional Sciences, Food Directorate, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0L2, Canada
| | - Isabelle Rondeau
- Bureau of Food Surveillance and Science Integration, Food Directorate, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON K1Y 0M1, Canada
| | - Eleonora Swist
- Bureau of Nutritional Sciences, Food Directorate, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0L2, Canada
| | - Kurtis Sarafin
- Bureau of Nutritional Sciences, Food Directorate, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0L2, Canada
| | - Hope A Weiler
- Bureau of Nutritional Sciences, Food Directorate, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0L2, Canada
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Are There Ethnic Differences in Micronutrient Deficiencies in Preoperative Bariatric Patients? A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Obes Surg 2021; 31:5005-5021. [PMID: 34383257 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-021-05625-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Revised: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this systematic review was to determine if in patients presenting for bariatric surgery, patients of different ethnicities, have different micronutrient deficiencies preoperatively. Databases searched were PubMed, Embase, MEDLINE and Cochrane Library. A meta-analysis of prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency (<20ng/ml) was carried out using a random effects model. Twenty-eight articles were included assessing preoperative micronutrient status across different ethnic groups. The most common micronutrient assessed was vitamin D, and the most assessed ethnicity was Caucasian. African Americans had the greatest prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency when compared to other ethnicities with a pooled prevalence and 95% confidence interval of 0.80 [0.74; 0.85]. There was a significant difference in vitamin D insufficiency when compared across ethnicities (p <0.01).
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Cisneiros R, Segatto J, Paixão E, Bacellar Í, Lima M, Pacheco Á, Alves JG, Bandeira F. Vitamin D deficiency and visceral adipose tissue in early pregnant women. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2021; 21:476. [PMID: 34215200 PMCID: PMC8252319 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-021-03888-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed to assess the correlation between vitamin D serum level and visceral fat tissue during early pregnancy. METHODS This cross-sectional study was performed in Pernambuco, Brazil. 190 low risk pregnant women (8-16 gestational weeks) were eligible. Visceral adipose tissue was measured by ultrasonography following the technique described by Armellini. The 25(OH) D in serum was determined through chemiluminescence. The Spearman correlation test was applied to evaluate the correlation between vitamin D serum level and VAT, considering p < 0.05 to be significant. RESULTS Vitamin D insufficiency was present in 129 (67.8 %) of subjects. Pregnant women with or without vitamin D deficiency did not differ in age, gestational age, nutritional status and visceral adipose tissue. No correlation between visceral adipose tissue and 25(OH) D was observed: - 0.057 (p = 0.435). CONCLUSIONS Maternal visceral adipose tissue and vitamin D serum level are not correlated during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosangela Cisneiros
- Division of Endocrinology, University of Pernambuco Medical School, Recife, Brazil.
- Medicine School, Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco, Avenida José de Sá Maniçoba, s/n, Centro, 56304-917, PE, Petrolina, Brazil.
| | - Juliana Segatto
- Division of Endocrinology and Radiology, Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco, Petrolina, Brazil
| | - Eloíse Paixão
- Division of Endocrinology and Radiology, Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco, Petrolina, Brazil
| | - Ítalo Bacellar
- Division of Endocrinology and Radiology, Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco, Petrolina, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Lima
- Division of Pediatrics and Radiology, Instituto de Medicina Integral Prof. Fernando Figueira, Recife, Brazil
| | - Álvaro Pacheco
- Division of Endocrinology and Radiology, Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco, Petrolina, Brazil
| | - João Guilherme Alves
- Division of Pediatrics and Radiology, Instituto de Medicina Integral Prof. Fernando Figueira, Recife, Brazil
| | - Francisco Bandeira
- Division of Endocrinology, University of Pernambuco Medical School, Recife, Brazil
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Bazshahi E, Pourreza S, Ghanbari M, Khademi Z, Amini MR, Djafarian K, Shab-Bidar S. Association of Vitamin D status with Visceral Adiposity Index and Lipid Accumulation Product Index among a Group of Iranian People. Clin Nutr Res 2021; 10:150-160. [PMID: 33987141 PMCID: PMC8093087 DOI: 10.7762/cnr.2021.10.2.150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a growing body of evidence linking vitamin D and its antiadipogenic activity with body composition. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between vitamin D levels, visceral adiposity index (VAI), and lipid accumulation product index among a group of Iranian people. This cross-sectional study was conducted with 270 Iranian adults. Body composition was measured via bio-impedance analysis. The 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] was also measured using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. The VAI and lipid accumulation product index were calculated. Multiple linear and logistic regression after controlling for confounder was used to report the results. Multiple linear regression showed that serum 25(OH)D levels were positively correlated with age (crude: β ± standard error [SE] = 0.23 ± 0.06, p ≤ 0.001; model I: β ± SE = 0.18 ± 0.05, p = 0.002) and percent body fat (crude: β ± SE = 0.10 ± 0.04, p = 0.02). Binary logistic regression analysis showed a higher chance of greater percent body fat and lipid accumulation product index in the crude model (odds ratio [OR], 2.05; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.13–3.72 for percent body fat and OR, 2.07; 95% CI, 1.14–3.76 for lipid accumulation product index), which disappeared after adjusting for covariates. Adults with higher vitamin D levels had higher scores of percent body fat and lipid accumulation product index. More longitudinal studies are needed to confirm these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Bazshahi
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran 14167-53955, Iran
| | - Sanaz Pourreza
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran 14167-53955, Iran
| | - Mahtab Ghanbari
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran 14167-53955, Iran
| | - Zeinab Khademi
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran 14167-53955, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Amini
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 19839-63113, Iran
| | - Kurosh Djafarian
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran 14167-53955, Iran
| | - Sakineh Shab-Bidar
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran 14167-53955, Iran
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Karuppusami R, Antonisami B, Vasan SK, Gowri M, Selliah HY, Arulappan G, Jebasingh F, Thomas N, Paul TV. Association of serum 25-Hydroxy vitamin D with total and regional adiposity and cardiometabolic traits. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0243850. [PMID: 33370344 PMCID: PMC7769464 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0243850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lower serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] is associated with greater adiposity and adverse cardiometabolic risk profile. The evidence is inconsistent among South Asian Indians. We aimed to examine associations between 25(OH)D and cardiovascular (CVD) risk markers in a rural and urban cohort from South India. Subjects/Methods In this cross sectional study, 373 individuals (men, n = 205) underwent detailed CVD risk marker assessment including anthropometry [body mass index (BMI), waist, (WC) and hip circumferences (HC)], body composition analysis using dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA), blood pressure and biochemical analysis (glucose, insulin and lipids). The distribution of CVD risk factors were compared across serum 25(OH)D levels, stratified as deficiency (<20 ng/ml), insufficiency (20 to 29 ng/ml) and normal (≥30 ng/ml) levels. Multiple regression analysis, adjusting for potential confounders, was used to study associations of 25(OH)D with adiposity and cardiometabolic traits. Results The mean and standard deviation (SD) of age, BMI and 25(OH)D levels were 41.4 (1.1) years, 25.5 (4.8) kg/m2 and 23.4 (10.4) ng/ml respectively. The prevalence of 25(OH)D deficiency was 39.9% in this cohort. Individuals in the 25(OH)D deficiency category had significantly higher mean (SD) BMI [26.6 (5.1) kg/m2], waist circumference [89.9 (12.5) cm] and total fat mass [20.6 (7.9) kg] compared with the Vitamin D sufficient group [BMI: 24.0 (4.4); WC 84.7 (12.0); total fat mass: 15.2 (6.8)]. Significantly inverse associations were observed with DXA measured total and regional fat depots with 25(OH)D levels, while anthropometric indices of adiposity showed significant inverse association only in women. After adjusting for total fat mass, no significant associations were observed between 25(OH)D and the cardiometabolic traits. Conclusions Our results confirm that lower 25(OH)D is independently associated with both total and regional adiposity, but not with cardiometabolic traits, in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reka Karuppusami
- Department of Biostatistics, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | | | - Senthil K. Vasan
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Churchill Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Mahasampath Gowri
- Department of Biostatistics, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | - Hepsy Y. Selliah
- Department of Biostatistics, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | | | - Felix Jebasingh
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | - Nihal Thomas
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | - Thomas V. Paul
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
Vitamin D deficiency (25-hydroxyvitamin D; 25(OH)D) is at epidemic proportions in western dwelling South Asian populations, including severe deficiency (<12⋅5 nmol/l) in 27-60% of individuals, depending on season. The paper aimed to review the literature concerning vitamin D concentrations in this population group. Research from the UK and Europe suggests a high prevalence of South Asians with 25(OH)D concentration <25 nmol/l, with most having a 25(OH)D concentration of <50 nmol/l. In Canada, South Asians appear to have a slightly higher 25(OH)D concentration. There are few studies from the United States, South Africa and Australasia. Reasons for vitamin D deficiency include low vitamin D intake, relatively high adiposity, sun exposure avoidance and wearing of a covered dress style for cultural reasons. Possible health effects of deficiency include bone diseases such as rickets and hypocalcaemia in children and osteomalacia in adults. Vitamin D deficiency may also increase the risk of other chronic diseases. Increased fortification of food items relevant to South Asian groups (e.g. chapatti flour), as well as increased use of vitamin D supplements may help reduce this epidemic. Introducing culturally acceptable ways of increasing skin exposure to the sun in South Asian women may also be beneficial but further research is needed to assess the effectiveness of different approaches. There may be a need for a South Asian specific vitamin D dietary intake guideline in western countries. To conclude, vitamin D deficiency is epidemic in South Asians living in western countries and there is a clear need for urgent public health action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea L. Darling
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Biosciences and Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, GuildfordGU2 7XH, UK
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Bhatt SP, Misra A, Pandey RM, Upadhyay AD, Gulati S, Singh N. Vitamin D Supplementation in Overweight/obese Asian Indian Women with Prediabetes Reduces Glycemic Measures and Truncal Subcutaneous Fat: A 78 Weeks Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial (PREVENT-WIN Trial). Sci Rep 2020; 10:220. [PMID: 31937856 PMCID: PMC6959323 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-56904-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D deficiency may contribute to etiology of type 2 diabetes in Asian Indians. The objectives of this study was to evaluate effect of vitamin D supplementation on glycemic profile and body composition in prediabetic and vitamin D deficient overweight/obese Asian Indian women. In this open-label randomized placebo-controlled trial (78 weeks duration), 121 females (aged 20–60 years) with prediabetes and vitamin D deficiency were randomly allocated in intervention (n, 61) and placebo (n, 60) groups. The primary outcome variables were fasting blood glucose (FBG), 2-h blood glucose post OGTT (2-h BG), hemoglobin A1c (HbA1C), and reversal to normoglycemia. In Intention-to-treat analysis, at the end of intervention, we observed significant decrease in FBG [−5.0 (−12.6–2.4), p = 0.04], 2-h blood glucose post OGTT [−11(−49.3–26.9), p = 0.02], hemoglobin A1c [−0.41 (5.89, 6.55), p = 0.05] and increase in 25(OH) D [7.5 (−6.0–20.9), p = 0.002] levels in intervention as compared to the placebo group. Changes in glycemic category based on FBG were as follows; intervention group: normal FBG, 58.6%; impaired fasting glucose (IFG), 39%; and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), 2.4%; placebo group: normal FBG, 48.8%; IFG, 46.3%; and T2DM, 4.9%. Changes in category of 2-hour glucose post OGTT after intervention were as follows; intervention group: normal glucose tolerance (NGT) 51.2% and prediabetes, 48.8%; placebo group: NGT, 43.9%; prediabetes, 53.7% and T2DM, 2.4%. After intervention, subscapular skinfold (visit Ist compared to visit IIIrd) and suprailiac skinfold (visit IInd compared to visit IIIrd) were significantly lower in intervention group vs. control group. In conclusion, we observed significant reduction in FBG, 2-hour glucose post OGTT, HbA1c, and truncal subcutaneous fat and reversal to normoglycemia in overweight/obese prediabetic vitamin D deficient Asian Indian women after 78 weeks of vitamin D supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surya Prakash Bhatt
- Diabetes Foundation (India), Safdarjung Development Area, New Delhi, 110016, India.,National Diabetes Obesity and Cholesterol Foundation (N-DOC), Safdarjung Development Area, New Delhi, 110016, India.,Department of Pulmonary Medicine and Sleep Disorders, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110029, India.,Fortis C-DOC Center of Excellence for Diabetes, Metabolic Diseases, and Endocrinology, B-16, Chirag Enclave, New Delhi, India
| | - Anoop Misra
- Diabetes Foundation (India), Safdarjung Development Area, New Delhi, 110016, India. .,National Diabetes Obesity and Cholesterol Foundation (N-DOC), Safdarjung Development Area, New Delhi, 110016, India. .,Fortis C-DOC Center of Excellence for Diabetes, Metabolic Diseases, and Endocrinology, B-16, Chirag Enclave, New Delhi, India.
| | - Ravindra Mohan Pandey
- Biostatistics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Ashish Datt Upadhyay
- Biostatistics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Seema Gulati
- Diabetes Foundation (India), Safdarjung Development Area, New Delhi, 110016, India.,National Diabetes Obesity and Cholesterol Foundation (N-DOC), Safdarjung Development Area, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Namrata Singh
- Diabetes Foundation (India), Safdarjung Development Area, New Delhi, 110016, India.,National Diabetes Obesity and Cholesterol Foundation (N-DOC), Safdarjung Development Area, New Delhi, 110016, India
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12
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Alaei-Shahmiri F, Khamseh ME, Manhoei K, Yadegari H, Kazemi H, Meshkini M. The optimal vitamin D cut-off value associated with hyperglycemia in an Iranian population. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2019; 19:5-12. [PMID: 32550151 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-019-00433-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Background Vitamin D deficiency may accelerate the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus. The association of vitamin D with hyperglycemia may be influenced by lifestyle. Objective To evaluate the relationship between vitamin D status and hyperglycemia among the workers' population. Methods This was a medical records review of 7054 Iranian factory workers participating in an annual health check-up for employees. Of those, potential participants were included in this analysis if data for serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH) D] levels were also available. Results Data of 429 male participants were used for this analysis. Of those, 61.07% had serum 25(OH)D concentrations lower than the sufficient level [≥20 ng/ml]. Hyperglycemic participants had significantly lower 25(OH)D than those with normal fasting blood glucose (FBG). Regression analyses highlighted serum 25(OH)D as a significant determinant of hyperglycemia [OR: 0.943(0.901, 988); p = 0.01]. The association between 25(OH)D and FBG remained significant after adjustment for potential confounders (p = 0.008). Using the ROC analysis, the serum 25(OH)D value of 14.7 ng/ml was the optimal cut-off point to predict hyperglycemia in this population (sensitivity: 63.6%, specificity: 62.3%, p = 0.01). Conclusion Our results revealed a considerable proportion of participants with serum 25(OH)D below the optimal level as well as a significant inverse association between vitamin D status and hyperglycemia among the factory workers. These findings highlight the importance of including the evaluation of vitamin D status as a part of annual health examinations for employees, and may help health policy- makers prevent or delay type 2 diabetes mellitus among the workers' population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fariba Alaei-Shahmiri
- Endocrine Research Center, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), No. 10, Firouzeh St, Vali-asr St, Vali-asr Sq, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad E Khamseh
- Endocrine Research Center, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), No. 10, Firouzeh St, Vali-asr St, Vali-asr Sq, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | | | - Majid Meshkini
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
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13
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Relationships between circulating 25(OH) vitamin D, leptin levels and visceral adipose tissue volume: results from a 1-year lifestyle intervention program in men with visceral obesity. Int J Obes (Lond) 2019. [DOI: 10.1038/s41366-019-0347-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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14
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Relation of Serum 25(OH)-Vitamin D to Fat Mass and Lean Mass, Bone Mineral Content and Body Composition in Adults – a DXA-Based Study. ACTA MEDICA BULGARICA 2018. [DOI: 10.2478/amb-2018-0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Obesity has been linked with vitamin D deficiency in a number of cross-sectional studies, reviews and meta-analyses. The aim of the present study was to assess the correlations of plasma 25(OH) vitamin D levels with indices of body composition examined by DXA with an emphasis on lean and bone mass as well as on indices such as android/gynoid fat, appendicular lean mass, fat-mass indexes (FMI) and fat-free mass indexes (FFMI). 62 adult subjects consented to participate – 27 men (43.5%) and 35 women (56.5%). Their mean age was 45.3 ± 9.5 years. Fan-beam dual-energy X-ray (DXA) body composition analysis was performed on a Lunar Prodigy Pro bone densitometer with software version 12.30. Vitamin D was measured by electro-hemi-luminescent detection as 25(OH) D Total (ECLIA, Elecsys 2010 analyzer, Roche Diagnostics). Statistical analyses were done using the SPSS 23.0 statistical package. The serum 25(OH)D level was correlated significantly only to the whole body bone mineral content, the appendicular lean mass index (ALMI) and the ALM-to-BMI index, underlining a predominant role for lean and fat-free mass. Vitamin D showed a very weak correlation to % Body Fat and the Fat Mass Index (FMI) in men only. Moreover, the multiple regression equation including the associated parameters could explain only 7% of the variation in the serum 25(OH) D levels. Our conclusion was, that there are differences in the associations of the vitamin D levels with the different body composition indices, but these associations are generally very weak and therefore – negligible.
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15
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Rafiq S, Jeppesen PB. Body Mass Index, Vitamin D, and Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10091182. [PMID: 30154381 PMCID: PMC6164132 DOI: 10.3390/nu10091182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2018] [Revised: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The deficiency of vitamin D is prevalent all over the world. Studies have shown that vitamin D may play an important role in the development of obesity. The current study was conducted to quantitatively evaluate the association between serum 25-(OH) vitamin D levels and the risk of obesity in both diabetic and non-diabetic subjects. A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies was carried out for that purpose. We searched the Medline, PubMed, and Embase databases throughout all of March 2018. A total of fifty five observational studies for both diabetic and non-diabetic subjects were finally included in the meta-analysis. The data were analyzed by comprehensive meta-analysis software version 3 and the random effects model was used to analyze the data. The meta-analysis showed an overall inverse relationship between serum vitamin D status and body mass index (BMI) in studies of both diabetic (r = −0.173, 95% = −0.241 to −0.103, p = 0.000) and non-diabetic (r = −0.152, 95% = −0.187 to −0.116, p = 0.000) subjects. The evidence of publication bias was not found in this meta-analysis. In conclusion, the deficiency of vitamin D is associated with an increased level of BMI in the studies of both diabetic and non-diabetic subjects. Reliable evidence from well-designed future randomized controlled trials is required to confirm the findings from observational studies and to find out the potential regulatory effects of vitamin D supplementation to lower BMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamaila Rafiq
- Department of Clinical Medicine Aarhus University, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark.
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16
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Sun X, Cao ZB, Tanisawa K, Oshima S, Higuchi M. Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Concentrations Are Inversely Correlated with Hepatic Lipid Content in Male Collegiate Football Athletes. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10070942. [PMID: 30037116 PMCID: PMC6073760 DOI: 10.3390/nu10070942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Lower serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentrations are associated with more weight and fat mass gain in adults in the general population, but it is unknown whether this is the case in collegiate football athletes with greater body weight. This study aimed to investigate associations of serum 25(OH)D concentrations with body fat and ectopic fat accumulation, and to determine which fat indicators are closely related to serum 25(OH)D in male collegiate football athletes. Thirty-four collegiate athletes aged 21 years were recruited. Serum 25(OH)D concentrations and the levels of visceral fat area (VFA), vastus lateralis intramyocellular lipid (IMCL), extramyocellular lipid (EMCL), and intrahepatic lipid (IHCL) were measured. Serum 25(OH)D concentrations were negatively associated with the IHCL values (r = −0.372, p = 0.030), and the relationship remained after adjustment for several factors (r = −0.378, p = 0.047). Additionally, multiple stepwise regression analysis of IHCL content as the dependent variable indicated that 25(OH)D concentrations were a stronger predictor of IHCL content (β = −0.363, p = 0.030) than % body fat and VO2peakFFM. Higher serum 25(OH)D concentrations are more closely related to lower IHCL content rather than any other fat indicators, suggesting that increasing serum 25(OH)D concentrations may have some effect that inhibits lipid accumulation in hepatic tissue, especially in heavy athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Sun
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, China.
- Global Health Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, China.
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-1192, Japan.
| | - Zhen-Bo Cao
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, 399 Chang Hai Road, Shanghai 200438, China.
| | - Kumpei Tanisawa
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-1192, Japan.
- Department of Physical Activity Research, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tokyo 162-8636, Japan.
| | - Satomi Oshima
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-1192, Japan.
| | - Mitsuru Higuchi
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-1192, Japan.
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17
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Yeum KJ, Dawson-Hughes B, Joo NS. Fat Mass Is Associated with Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Concentration Regardless of Body Size in Men. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10070850. [PMID: 29966289 PMCID: PMC6073475 DOI: 10.3390/nu10070850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
There are no large community-based studies examining the association of body size vs. body fat with vitamin D status. Association of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) with body weight and subcategories of body weight defined by fat mass were evaluated in a large, free living population. Out of a total of 29,235 subjects from the 2008–2010 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, the relevant data included 6458 subjects over 50 years of age who were analyzed cross-sectionally. Serum 25OHD concentrations were compared in men (n = 3164) and in women (n = 3294) by tertiles of body weight and body fat mass, as measured by Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA) within sex-specific tertiles of body weight. Serum 25OHD was weakly inversely correlated with body weight in the men and the women after adjustment for age (r = −0.075 and −0.073, respectively, p < 0.001 for both). Within each tertile of body weight, serum 25OHD decreased progressively as fat mass increased in men. This pattern was similar in the women but not consistently significant. Whereas body weight predicted a small decrease in serum 25OHD in the men and the women, greater adiposity, for any given weight, predicted larger decreases in the men, but not consistently in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Jin Yeum
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, College of Biomedical and Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju-si 27478, Korea.
| | - Bess Dawson-Hughes
- Jean Mayer US Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
| | - Nam-Seok Joo
- Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea.
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18
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Tint MT, Chong MF, Aris IM, Godfrey KM, Quah PL, Kapur J, Saw SM, Gluckman PD, Rajadurai VS, Yap F, Kramer MS, Chong YS, Henry CJ, Fortier MV, Lee YS. Association between maternal mid-gestation vitamin D status and neonatal abdominal adiposity. Int J Obes (Lond) 2018. [PMID: 29523876 PMCID: PMC6005346 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-018-0032-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Lower vitamin D status has been associated with adiposity in children through adults. However, the evidence of the impact of maternal vitamin-D status during pregnancy on offspring’s adiposity is mixed. The objective of this study was to examine the associations between maternal vitamin-D [25(OH)D] status at mid-gestation and neonatal abdominal adipose tissue (AAT) compartments, particularly the deep subcutaneous adipose tissue linked with metabolic risk. Methods Participants (N = 292) were Asian mother-neonate pairs from the mother-offspring cohort, Growing Up in Singapore Towards healthy Outcomes. Neonates born at ≥34 weeks gestation with birth weight ≥2000 g had magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) within 2-weeks post-delivery. Maternal plasma glucose using an oral glucose tolerance test and 25(OH)D concentrations were measured. 25(OH)D status was categorized into inadequate (≤75.0 nmol/L) and sufficient (>75.0 nmol/L) groups. Neonatal AAT was classified into superficial (sSAT), deep subcutaneous (dSAT), and internal (IAT) adipose tissue compartments. Results Inverse linear correlations were observed between maternal 25(OH)D and both sSAT (r = −0.190, P = 0.001) and dSAT (r = −0.206, P < 0.001). Each 1 nmol/L increase in 25(OH)D was significantly associated with reductions in sSAT (β = −0.14 (95% CI: −0.24, −0.04) ml, P = 0.006) and dSAT (β = −0.04 (−0.06, −0.01) ml, P = 0.006). Compared to neonates of mothers with 25(OH)D sufficiency, neonates with maternal 25(OH)D inadequacy had higher sSAT (7.3 (2.1, 12.4) ml, P = 0.006), and dSAT (2.0 (0.6, 3.4) ml, P = 0.005) volumes, despite similar birth weight. In the subset of mothers without gestational diabetes, neonatal dSAT was also greater (1.7 (0.3, 3.1) ml, P = 0.019) in neonates with maternal 25(OH)-inadequacy. The associations with sSAT and dSAT persisted even after accounting for maternal glycemia (fasting and 2-h plasma glucose). Conclusions Neonates of Asian mothers with mid-gestation 25(OH)D inadequacy have a higher abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue volume, especially dSAT (which is metabolically similar to visceral adipose tissue in adults), even after accounting for maternal glucose levels in pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mya Thway Tint
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore. .,Department of Pediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Mary F Chong
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Izzuddin M Aris
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Keith M Godfrey
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit and NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Phaik Ling Quah
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jeevesh Kapur
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, National University Hospital, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Seang Mei Saw
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Peter D Gluckman
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore.,Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Victor S Rajadurai
- Department of Neonatology, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Fabian Yap
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.,Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Michael S Kramer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Departments of Pediatrics and of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Faculty of Medicine, Québec, Canada
| | - Yap-Seng Chong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Christiani Jeyakumar Henry
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre, Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Marielle V Fortier
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Imaging, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yung Seng Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore. .,Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore. .,Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore.
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19
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Neighbors CLP, Noller MW, Song SA, Zaghi S, Neighbors J, Feldman D, Kushida CA, Camacho M. Vitamin D and obstructive sleep apnea: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sleep Med 2018; 43:100-108. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2017.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Revised: 10/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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20
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Marwaha RK, Garg MK, Mahalle N, Bhadra K, Tandon N. Role of Parathyroid Hormone in Determination of Fat Mass in Patients with Vitamin D Deficiency. Indian J Endocrinol Metab 2017; 21:848-853. [PMID: 29285447 PMCID: PMC5729672 DOI: 10.4103/ijem.ijem_42_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity has become a global epidemic and it is rising is Asia. Vitamin D deficiency (VDD) is widely prevalent in the Indian subcontinent. Studies have linked VDD to obesity and shown correlation between parathyroid hormone (PTH), 25-hydroxy Vitamin D (25(OH)D), and fat mass (FM). However, studies on the role of PTH among subjects with VDD are lacking. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study is to study the role of PTH in the determination of FM in participants with VDD. SUBJECTS Five hundred and fifty-one adults (m:247, f:304) were included in this study. MATERIALS AND METHODS Total and regional (trunk, arm, and leg) FM was assessed by dual X-ray absorptometry. Biochemical and hormonal parameters such as calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase, ionic calcium, 25(OH)D, and PTH were also analyzed. RESULTS The mean age of the study population was 58.8 ± 15.8 years (Male: [63.3 ± 13.1], Female: [55.2 ± 16.9]). FM and body mass index were significantly lower in females with higher levels of serum 25(OH)D. Total FM was negatively correlated with serum 25(OH)D (r = -0.363, P < 0.0001) and positively correlated with serum PTH (r: 0.262, P < 0.0001) in females only. Females with VDD and secondary hyperparathyroidism had higher FM than those with normal PTH. CONCLUSIONS Females with VDD had higher total and regional FM. However, this correlation was evident only in those with high serum PTH levels, suggesting a potential role of PTH in the accumulation of FM.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - M. K. Garg
- Departmemt of Endocrinology, Command Hospital (Southern Command), Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Namita Mahalle
- Department of Pathology, Deenanath Mangeshkar Hospital and Research Center, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Kuntal Bhadra
- Department of Endocrinology, Thyroid Research Centre, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Nikhil Tandon
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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21
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Seasonal Variation in Vitamin D in Association with Age, Inflammatory Cytokines, Anthropometric Parameters, and Lifestyle Factors in Older Adults. Mediators Inflamm 2017; 2017:5719461. [PMID: 29104377 PMCID: PMC5618765 DOI: 10.1155/2017/5719461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D deficiency is present even in sunny regions. Ageing decreases pre-vitamin D production in the skin and is associated with altered cytokine profile. We performed a multivariate analysis considering lifestyle factors, anthropometric, and inflammatory markers according to seasonal variation in Mexican healthy older adults. The same cohort was followed during 12 months. Vitamin D deficiency/insufficiency was found in 91.3% of the subjects despite living in appropriate latitude (25°40′0″N). 25(OH)D levels remained below <30 ng/mL through all seasons. Vitamin D deficiency did not correlate to sun exposure or dietary intake. Gender was the strongest associated factor, explaining a variance of 20%. Waist circumference (WC) greater than 88 cm was a risk factor for vitamin D deficiency. Age (>74 years) combined with WC (>88 cm) and BMI (>32.7) showed a high probability (90%) of vitamin D deficiency. Remarkably, an increase in one centimeter in WC decreased 25(OH)D by 0.176 ng/mL, while an increase in one point BMI decreased 25(OH)D by 0.534 ng/mL. A cutoff point of 74 years of age determined probability of vitamin D hipovitaminosis. Vitamin D deficiency was correlated with TNF-α serum levels, possibly increasing the susceptibility of older adults to a proinflammatory state and its related diseases.
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22
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Zhang M, Xu X, Liu H, Li H, Zhang J, Gao M. Nocturnal diastolic blood pressure decline is associated with higher 25-hydroxyvitamin D level and standing plasma renin activity in a hypertensive population. Clin Exp Hypertens 2017; 39:685-690. [PMID: 28872358 DOI: 10.1080/10641963.2016.1267192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Patients with nondipper hypertension are known to carry a high risk of cardiovascular complications. Vitamin D deficiency is associated with hypertension. Because vitamin D deficiency activates the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), we hypothesized that this vitamin would interact with the RAAS to influence blood pressure (BP) in nondipper hypertensive patients. We performed a cross-sectional analysis of 1,007 outpatients with hypertension (HTN). Dipper and nondipper patterns were detected, and the two groups were matched for clinical, laboratory, 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) levels, and ambulatory blood pressure recording. Plasma renin activity (PRA), angiotensin II, and plasma aldosterone concentration (PAC) were assessed in 174 patients treated with calcium channel blockers or no medication. The mean 25OHD concentration in the entire study population was 12.3ng/dL, and the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was 87.0%. Dipper and nondipper HTN were noted in 187 patients (24.6%) and 573 patients (75.4%). 25OHD levels were similar between nondipper and dipper HTN groups. Forward stepwise logistic regression analysis showed that BMI and age were independent predictors of nondipper HTN. Neither 25OHD levels nor RAAS components were included in the model. In correlation analyses, nocturnal decline of diastolic BP was positively associated with 25OHD levels and standing PRA (r = 0.152 p = 0.045, r = 0.165 p = 0.038, respectively). The present study showed that vitamin D deficiency was astonishingly prevalent in hypertensive subjects residing in Xinjiang, China. There may be a weakly association of nocturnal DBP decline with 25OHD levels and standing PRA levels. We found no association between vitamin D deficiency and nondipper HTN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingchen Zhang
- a First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University , Hypertension , Urumqi , China
| | - Xinjuan Xu
- a First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University , Hypertension , Urumqi , China
| | - Haiming Liu
- a First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University , Hypertension , Urumqi , China
| | - Haixia Li
- a First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University , Hypertension , Urumqi , China
| | - Junshi Zhang
- a First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University , Hypertension , Urumqi , China
| | - Min Gao
- a First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University , Hypertension , Urumqi , China
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Savastano S, Barrea L, Savanelli MC, Nappi F, Di Somma C, Orio F, Colao A. Low vitamin D status and obesity: Role of nutritionist. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2017; 18:215-225. [PMID: 28229265 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-017-9410-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Low vitamin D status and obesity have concomitantly reached epidemic levels worldwide. Up to now the direction of the association between low vitamin D status and obesity, the exact mechanisms responsible for this association and the clinical usefulness to increase vitamin D status for reducing adiposity still warrant further evaluation. The aim of the present review was to examine the current evidence linking low vitamin D status and obesity in relation to the role of the nutritionist. On the one side, considering obesity as a causal factor, low sun exposure in obese individuals due to their sedentary lifestyle and less outdoor activity, vitamin D sequestration in adipose tissue, and volumetric dilution of ingested or cutaneously synthesized vitamin D3 in the large fat mass of obese patients, might represent some of the factors playing a major role in the pathogenesis of the low vitamin D status. On the other side, the expression of both vitamin D3 receptors and enzymes responsible for vitamin D3 metabolism in adipocytes depicted a role for the low vitamin D status per se in the development of obesity by modulating adipocyte differentiation and lipid metabolism. Nutritionists need to accurately address the aspects influencing the low vitamin D status in obesity and the vitamin D supplementation in obese individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Savastano
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Unit of Endocrinology, Federico II University Medical School of Naples, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Luigi Barrea
- I.O.S. & COLEMAN Srl, 80011 Acerra, Naples, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Francesco Orio
- Department of Sports Science and Wellness, "Parthenope" University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Annamaria Colao
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Unit of Endocrinology, Federico II University Medical School of Naples, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy.
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24
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Salari A, Mahdavi-Roshan M, Hasandokht T, Gholipour M, Soltanipour S, Nagshbandi M, Javadzadeh A. Nutritional intake, depressive symptoms and vitamin D status in hypertensive patients in the north of Iran: A case-control study. HIPERTENSION Y RIESGO VASCULAR 2016; 34:65-71. [PMID: 28039036 DOI: 10.1016/j.hipert.2016.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Revised: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We investigated vitamin D status, body size, nutritional intake and depression status in hypertensive patients in the north of Iran that have special dietary habit and lifestyle according to their culture and geographical situation. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study was conducted on 127 patients with newly recognized hypertension and the 120 normal participants, in the north of Iran. Anthropometric data was measured and demographic characteristics, dietary intake, depression and medical status were collected by valid questionnaires. Blood samples were measured for 25-hydroxyvitamin D. RESULTS Hypertensive patients had significantly lower serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D than control group (16±8.7ng/mL vs. 19.8±8.4ng/mL; P=0.04). In adjusted model, serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D of less than 30ng/mL was associated with an almost 4-fold odds of hypertension. The odds of hypertension in depressed patients was 1.2 times higher than in those without depression (p=0.002). After adjusted logistic regression analysis for energy intake, significant association was observed between hypertension and some dietary nutrients, including cholesterol, fiber and vitamin D intake. There was no significant association between hypertension and body weight, waist circumference as well as BMI. CONCLUSION The vitamin D status was lower in the most individuals and it causes a considerable increase in the risk of hypertension. Undesirable intake of some nutrients and depression also increase the risk of developing hypertension. Health training about suitable dietary habits, easier access to vitamin D supplementation and screening for depression in patients with hypertension are cost-effective tools to improve outcomes in Iran.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Salari
- Guilan Interventional Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Cardiology, Heshmat Hospital, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - M Mahdavi-Roshan
- Guilan Interventional Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Cardiology, Heshmat Hospital, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran; Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
| | - T Hasandokht
- Guilan Interventional Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Cardiology, Heshmat Hospital, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran; Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - M Gholipour
- Guilan Interventional Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Cardiology, Heshmat Hospital, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - S Soltanipour
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - M Nagshbandi
- Guilan Interventional Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Cardiology, Heshmat Hospital, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - A Javadzadeh
- Guilan Interventional Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Cardiology, Heshmat Hospital, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
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Brett NR, Lavery P, Agellon S, Vanstone CA, Maguire JL, Rauch F, Weiler HA. Dietary vitamin D dose-response in healthy children 2 to 8 y of age: a 12-wk randomized controlled trial using fortified foods. Am J Clin Nutr 2016; 103:144-52. [PMID: 26675772 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.115.115956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin D is fundamental for bone health. A high proportion of Canadian 2- to 8-y-olds do not meet the Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) of 400 IU/d. OBJECTIVE The objective was to determine whether vitamin D intakes consistent with the EAR or Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA), through fortification of additional dairy products, would result in higher vitamin D status in young children. DESIGN Participants aged 2-8 y (n = 77; Montreal, Canada) were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 dietary vitamin D targets (control; EAR: 400 IU/d; or RDA: 600 IU/d) for 12 wk (January to April 2014). Anthropometric measurements, demographic characteristics, dietary intakes, fasting serum parathyroid hormone, 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D], and ionized calcium were compared by using mixed-model ANOVA. RESULTS Participants' mean ± SD age was 5.1 ± 1.9 y; 54.5% were boys with body mass index z scores of 0.50 ± 0.85. Compliance was 85% overall. No differences were observed in baseline dietary vitamin D intakes or serum 25(OH)D. At 12 wk, the EAR and RDA groups had significantly higher vitamin D intakes [median (IQR): control, 227 (184-305) IU/d; EAR, 410 (363-516) IU/d; and RDA, 554 (493-653) IU/d; P < 0.05] and serum 25(OH)D concentrations (control: 55.8 ± 12.3 nmol/L; EAR: 64.1 ± 10.0 nmol/L; and RDA: 63.7 ± 12.4 nmol/L; P < 0.05) than the control group. Ninety-six percent of children in the EAR and RDA groups and 67% of the control group had 25(OH)D concentrations ≥50 nmol/L. CONCLUSION Increasing the vitamin D intakes of young children through fortification of alternative dairy products results in significantly higher serum concentrations of 25(OH)D and a significantly greater proportion of children with serum 25(OH)D ≥50 nmol/L during periods of minimal ultraviolet B radiation exposure. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02097160 and had Health Canada Temporary Marketing Authorization Letters for both products (TM-13-0432 and TM-13-0433).
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil R Brett
- School of Dietetics and Human Nutrition, McGill University, Sainte Anne de Bellevue, Quebec, Canada
| | - Paula Lavery
- School of Dietetics and Human Nutrition, McGill University, Sainte Anne de Bellevue, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sherry Agellon
- School of Dietetics and Human Nutrition, McGill University, Sainte Anne de Bellevue, Quebec, Canada
| | - Catherine A Vanstone
- School of Dietetics and Human Nutrition, McGill University, Sainte Anne de Bellevue, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jonathon L Maguire
- Applied Health Research Centre, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; and
| | - Frank Rauch
- Shriners Hospital for Children, Department of Pediatrics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Hope A Weiler
- School of Dietetics and Human Nutrition, McGill University, Sainte Anne de Bellevue, Quebec, Canada;
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26
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Abstract
Cross-sectional studies depict an inverse relationship between vitamin D (VD) status reflected by plasma 25-hydroxy-vitamin D and obesity. Furthermore, recent studies in vitro and in animal models tend to demonstrate an impact of VD and VD receptor on adipose tissue and adipocyte biology, pointing to at least a part-causal role of VD insufficiency in obesity and associated physiopathological disorders such as adipose tissue inflammation and subsequent insulin resistance. However, clinical and genetic studies are far less convincing, with highly contrasted results ruling out solid conclusions for the moment. Nevertheless, prospective studies provide interesting data supporting the hypothesis of a preventive role of VD in onset of obesity. The aim of this review is to summarise the available data on relationships between VD, adipose tissue/adipocyte physiology, and obesity in order to reveal the next key points that need to be addressed before we can gain deeper insight into the controversial VD-obesity relationship.
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Effect of adipose tissue volume loss on circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels: results from a 1-year lifestyle intervention in viscerally obese men. Int J Obes (Lond) 2015; 39:1638-43. [PMID: 26095245 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2015.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Revised: 05/21/2015] [Accepted: 06/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Although weight loss has been associated with changes in circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels, the quantification of the increase in 25(OH)D levels as a function of adipose tissue volume loss precisely assessed by imaging has not been reported before. The objective of this substudy was to describe the effects of a 1-year lifestyle intervention on plasma 25(OH)D levels. The relationships between changes in 25(OH)D levels and changes in adiposity volume (total and by adipose tissue compartment) were studied. SUBJECTS/METHODS This intervention study was performed between 2004 and 2006 and participants were recruited from the general community. Sedentary, abdominally obese and dyslipidemic men (n=103) were involved in a 1-year lifestyle modification program. Subjects were individually counseled by a kinesiologist and a nutritionist once every 2 weeks during the first 4 months with subsequent monthly visits in order to elicit a 500-kcal daily energy deficit and to increase physical activity/exercise habits. Body weight, body composition and fat distribution were assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and computed tomography, whereas the 25(OH)D levels were measured with an automated assay. RESULTS The 1-year intervention resulted in a 26% increase in circulating 25(OH)D (from 48±2 nmol l(-1) or 19±0.8 ng ml(-1) (±s.e.m.) to 58±2 nmol l(-1) or 23±0.8 ng ml(-1), P<0.0001) along with a 26% decrease in visceral adiposity volume (from 1947±458 to 1459±532 cm3). One-year increases in 25(OH)D levels correlated inversely with changes in all adiposity indices, especially Δvisceral (r=-0.36, P<0.0005) and Δtotal abdominal (r=-0.37, P<0.0005) adipose tissue volumes. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that there is a linear increase in circulating 25(OH)D levels as a function of adiposity volume loss, and therefore suggest a role of adiposity reduction in the management of obesity-associated vitamin D insufficiency.
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Hannemann A, Thuesen BH, Friedrich N, Völzke H, Steveling A, Ittermann T, Hegenscheid K, Nauck M, Linneberg A, Wallaschofski H. Adiposity measures and vitamin D concentrations in Northeast Germany and Denmark. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2015; 12:24. [PMID: 26085837 PMCID: PMC4470034 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-015-0019-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 05/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Body mass index (BMI) and serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D3 (25OHD) concentrations are inversely related. As BMI contains only limited information regarding body fat distribution, we aimed to analyze the cross-sectional associations of abdominal visceral or subcutaneous adipose tissue, next to common adiposity measures, with the 25OHD concentration. METHODS Data were obtained from three cohorts of two large epidemiological studies in the northeast of Germany (Study of Health in Pomerania, SHIP-1 and SHIP-Trend), and in Denmark (Health2006). The study populations included adult men and women from the general population (N = 3072 SHIP-1, N = 803 SHIP-Trend, N = 3195 Health2006). Visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue were quantified by magnetic resonance imagining (SHIP-Trend) or ultrasound (Health2006). Common adiposity measures, including BMI, waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, waist-to-height ratio, body surface area, and body fat percentage were determined by standardized methods in SHIP-1 and Health2006. RESULTS The average study participant was overweight (median BMI 27.4, 26.6, and 25.2 kg/m(2) in SHIP-1, SHIP-Trend, and Health2006, respectively). Visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue as well as the common adiposity measures were inversely associated with serum 25OHD concentrations in linear regression models adjusted for age, sex, alcohol consumption, physical activity, smoking status, and month of blood sampling. CONCLUSIONS Next to common adiposity measures, also abdominal visceral or subcutaneous adipose tissue are inversely associated with serum 25OHD concentrations in the general adult population.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Hannemann
- />Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - B. Heinsbaek Thuesen
- />Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Glostrup Hospital, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - N. Friedrich
- />Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - H. Völzke
- />Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - A. Steveling
- />Department of Medicine A, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - T. Ittermann
- />Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - K. Hegenscheid
- />Institute of Diagnostic Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - M. Nauck
- />Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - A. Linneberg
- />Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Glostrup Hospital, Glostrup, Denmark
- />Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Glostrup University Hospital, Glostrup, Denmark
- />Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - H. Wallaschofski
- />Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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29
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Ke L, Mason RS, Kariuki M, Mpofu E, Brock KE. Vitamin D status and hypertension: a review. Integr Blood Press Control 2015; 8:13-35. [PMID: 25897260 PMCID: PMC4396645 DOI: 10.2147/ibpc.s49958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D is a steroid prohormone synthesized in the skin following ultraviolet exposure and also achieved through supplemental or dietary intake. While there is strong evidence for its role in maintaining bone and muscle health, there has been recent debate regarding the role of vitamin D deficiency in hypertension based on conflicting epidemiological evidence. Thus, we conducted a scoping systematic literature review and meta-analysis of all observational studies published up to early 2014 in order to map trends in the evidence of this association. Mixed-effect meta-analysis was performed to pool risk estimates from ten prospective studies (n=58,262) (pooled risk for incident hypertension, relative risk [RR] =0.76 (0.63–0.90) for top vs bottom category of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25OHD]) and from 19 cross-sectional studies (n=90,535) (odds ratio [OR] =0.79 (0.73–0.87)). Findings suggest that the better the assessed quality of the respective study design, the stronger the relationship between higher 25OHD levels and hypertension risk (RR =0.67 (0.51–0.88); OR =0.77 (0.72–0.89)). There was significant heterogeneity among the findings for both prospective and cross-sectional studies, but no evidence of publication bias was shown. There was no increased risk of hypertension when the participants were of older age or when they were vitamin D deficient. Younger females showed strong associations between high 25OHD levels and hypertension risk, especially in prospective studies (RR =0.36 (0.18–0.72); OR =0.62 (0.44–0.87)). Despite the accumulating evidence of a consistent link between vitamin D and blood pressure, these data are observational, so questions still remain in relation to the causality of this relationship. Further studies either combining existing raw data from available cohort studies or conducting further Mendelian analyses are needed to determine whether this represents a causal association. Large randomized controlled trials are also needed to determine whether vitamin supplementation may be beneficial in the prevention or the treatment of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Ke
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Rebecca S Mason
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Maina Kariuki
- Biostatistical Officer Training Program, NSW Ministry of Health, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Elias Mpofu
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Kaye E Brock
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Grønborg IM, Lundby IM, Mølgaard C, Jakobsen J, Ovesen L, Andersen R. Association of body fat and vitamin D status and the effect of body fat on the response to vitamin D supplementation in Pakistani immigrants in Denmark. Eur J Clin Nutr 2014; 69:405-7. [PMID: 25469463 DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2014.254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2014] [Revised: 10/16/2014] [Accepted: 10/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin D deficiency and obesity are both prevalent conditions in the northern countries, especially among immigrants. The aims were to assess the possible relationship between body fat and vitamin D status, and to investigate the effect of body fat on the response to oral vitamin D supplementation in Pakistani immigrants in Denmark. Data were obtained from a 1-year double-blind randomised controlled trial with oral vitamin D supplementation. A total of 122 women and men received either vitamin D3 supplementation (10 or 20 μg/day) or placebo. No association was found between body fat percentage and vitamin D status in a multiple linear regression model (P<0.001). No effect of body fat was seen on the vitamin D status response following the intervention with vitamin D. In conclusion, there was no baseline association between body fat percentage and vitamin D status, and body fat percentage had no effect on the response to vitamin D supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- I M Grønborg
- Division of Nutrition, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Søborg, Denmark
| | - I M Lundby
- Division of Nutrition, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Søborg, Denmark
| | - C Mølgaard
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - J Jakobsen
- Division of Food Chemistry, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Søborg, Denmark
| | - L Ovesen
- Department of Medicine, Slagelse Sygehus, Slagelse, Denmark
| | - R Andersen
- Division of Nutrition, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Søborg, Denmark
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31
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Nielsen NO, Jørgensen ME, Friis H, Melbye M, Soborg B, Jeppesen C, Lundqvist M, Cohen A, Hougaard DM, Bjerregaard P. Decrease in vitamin D status in the Greenlandic adult population from 1987-2010. PLoS One 2014; 9:e112949. [PMID: 25461952 PMCID: PMC4252033 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0112949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2014] [Accepted: 10/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Low vitamin D status may be pronounced in Arctic populations due to limited sun exposure and decreasing intake of traditional food. Objective To investigate serum 25(OH)D3 as a measure of vitamin D status among adult Inuit in Greenland, predictors of low serum 25(OH)D3 concentrations and the trend from 1987 to 2005–2010. Design A total of 2877 randomly selected Inuit (≥18 years) from the Inuit Health in Transition study were included. A sub-sample (n = 330) donated a blood sample in 1987 which allowed assessment of time trends in vitamin D status. Results The geometric mean serum 25(OH)D3 (25[OH]D2 concentrations were negligible and not reported) in 2005–2010 was lowest among the 18–29 year old individuals (30.7 nmol/L; 95% CI: 29.7; 31.7) and increased with age. In all age-groups it decreased from 1987 to 2005–2010 (32%–58%). Low 25(OH)D3 concentrations (<50 nmol/L) were present in 77% of the 18–29 year old and decreased with age. A characteristic seasonal variation in 25(OH)D3 concentrations was observed (range 33.2–57.1 nmol/L, p<0.001), with the highest concentrations in August to October. Age (2.0% per year increase; CI: 1.7, 2.2), female gender (7.1%; CI: 2.0; 12.5), alcohol intake (0.2% per increase in drinks/week; 0.0; 0.4), and traditional diet (10.0% per 100 g/d increase; CI: 7.9; 12.1) were associated with increased serum 25(OH)D3, whereas smoking (−11.6%; CI: −16.2; −6.9), BMI (−0.6%; CI: −1.1; −0.2) and latitude (−0.7% per degree increase; CI: −1.3; −0.2) were associated with decreased concentrations. Conclusion We identified a remarkable decrease in vitamin D status from 1987 to 2005–2010 and a presently low vitamin D status among Inuit in Greenland. A change away from a traditional diet may well explain the observed decline. The study argues for the need of increased dietary intake of vitamin D and supplementation might be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina O. Nielsen
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Henrik Friis
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mads Melbye
- Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bolette Soborg
- Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Marika Lundqvist
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Arieh Cohen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - David M. Hougaard
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter Bjerregaard
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Greenland Centre for Health Research, University of Greenland, Nuuk, Greenland
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Zhang MC, Li HX, Liu HM, Lei H, Han L, Gao M, Mao JF, Xu XJ. Serum vitamin D is low and inversely associated with LDL cholesterol in the Kazak ethnic population: a cross-sectional study. Med Sci Monit 2014; 20:1274-83. [PMID: 25064492 PMCID: PMC4114700 DOI: 10.12659/msm.890930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Accumulating evidence suggests that low concentrations of serum 25(OH)D is coupled with increased risks of hypertension, obesity, and cardiovascular disease. However, this relationship has not been established in populations with very low levels of 25(OH)D. Therefore, the aim of our study was to clarify the associations between 25(OH)D and blood pressure, obesity, sex, and lipid profiles in the Kazak ethnic population, who have an extremely low level of 25(OH)D. Material/Methods A multistage-cluster sampling survey was carried out for residents with Kazak ethnicity in Xinjiang, China. Anthropometric measurements of each participant were taken and the concentrations of 25(OH)D, calcium, alkaline phosphatase, and lipid profiles were measured. Individuals were classified into different groups in terms of vitamin D status, degree of adiposity, presence of hypertension, and other comorbidities. Results The madian concentration of 25(OH)D was 16.2 (11.8–20.5) ng/mL and the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was 72.4% in this Kazak population (n=928, 59.0% women). Females had a lower 25(OH)D concentration than males – 14.6 (10.5–19.4) ng/mL vs. 17.7 (14.8–22.5) ng/mL, P<0.001. The subjects were classified into 3 groups according to their vitamin D status. There were significant differences in BMI (P=0.046), waist circumference (P=0.037), hip circumference (P=0.003), systolic BP (P=0.035), and LDL cholesterol (P=0.008) among the groups after adjustment for sex and age. On the other hand, there was no significant difference in vitamin D levels between groups with or without hypertension (P=0.586), and groups with or without obesity (P=0.639). A multifactor-regression analysis revealed that every increment of 1mg/dL in LDL cholesterol was associated with a 1.0 ng/mL decline in serum 25(OH)D. Conclusions The insufficiency of vitamin D is highly prevalent in Kazaks. Sex, LDL cholesterol, and hip circumference are 3 variables strongly associated with serum 25(OH)D concentration. In a population with low levels of 25(OH)D, the negative relationship between obesity and serum 25(OH)D, a common finding from most previous studies, could not be established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Chen Zhang
- Department of Hypertension, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China (mainland)
| | - Hai Xia Li
- Department of Hypertension, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China (mainland)
| | - Hai Ming Liu
- Department of Hypertension, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China (mainland)
| | - Hong Lei
- Department of Hypertension, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China (mainland)
| | - Lu Han
- Department of Cardiology, Xinjiang Armed Police Hospital, Urmuqi, China (mainland)
| | - Ming Gao
- Department of Hypertension, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China (mainland)
| | - Jiang Feng Mao
- Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Ministry of Health, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Xin Juan Xu
- Department of Hypertension, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China (mainland)
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33
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García-Bailo B, Karmali M, Badawi A, El-Sohemy A. Plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D, hormonal contraceptive use, and cardiometabolic disease risk in an ethnically diverse population of young adults. J Am Coll Nutr 2014; 32:296-306. [PMID: 24219372 DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2013.826112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The relationship between vitamin D and cardiometabolic disease risk across ethnic groups is unclear, and it is not known whether the use of hormonal contraceptives (HCs), which affect vitamin D metabolism and are also associated with cardiometabolic disease risk, modifies this relationship. Our objectives were to determine the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency (plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] < 30 nmol/L) to assess seasonal variation in concentrations of 25(OH)D, and to examine whether 25(OH)D is associated with cardiometabolic biomarkers across ethnic groups and across men, female HC nonusers, and female HC users in an ethnically diverse population of young adults living in Canada. METHODS The study population consisted of Caucasian, East Asian, and South Asian individuals (n = 1384, 69% female) aged 20-29 years. Participants provided overnight fasting blood samples, from which plasma 25(OH)D and cardiometabolic biomarkers were measured. Vitamin D status distributions were compared using χ(2) tests, and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was used to examine seasonal variations in 25(OH)D, as well as the association between 25(OH)D and cardiometabolic biomarkers, across groups. RESULTS Plasma 25(OH)D concentrations fluctuated seasonally among Caucasians and East Asians and across men, female HC nonusers, and female HC users, but they remained low year-round in South Asians, half of whom were vitamin D deficient. Vitamin D deficiency was associated with higher insulin, homeostasis model assessment-estimated insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and homeostasis model assessment (HOMA)-beta among Caucasians and East Asians and among men and female HC nonusers and with higher triglycerides among men only. No biomarkers were associated with 25(OH)D among South Asians and female HC users, although nonsignificant trends were observed for higher markers of glycemic dysregulation in those who were vitamin D deficient in both groups. CONCLUSIONS Vitamin D deficiency varies between ethnic groups and is particularly high among South Asians, and it is associated with biomarkers of glycemic dysregulation; however, HC use among women may attenuate this association. Given the widespread use of HCs by women throughout the world, a better understanding of the extent to which these medications may modify the relationship between vitamin D and processes related to disease is warranted.
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Effect of adiposity, season, diet and calcium or vitamin D supplementation on the vitamin D status of healthy urban African and Asian-Indian adults. Br J Nutr 2014; 112:590-9. [PMID: 24877635 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114514001202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin D deficiency has been implicated in the aetiology of infectious diseases and metabolic syndrome. These diseases are prevalent in the African and Asian-Indian populations of South Africa; however, there is limited data on 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentrations in these populations. The aim of the present study was to assess the vitamin D status and its predictors in healthy adults in Johannesburg. We assessed the vitamin D status of 730 adult African and Asian-Indian subjects residing in Johannesburg. The contributions of sun exposure, season, dietary intake of Ca and vitamin D, total body fat and body fat distribution to 25(OH)D concentrations were assessed. The concentrations of 25(OH)D were measured by HPLC. The contribution of 25(OH)D₃ to total 25(OH)D concentrations was assessed. The mean age of the subjects was 42·6 (SD 13·1) years (range: 18-65). Concentrations of 25(OH)D < 30 nmol/l were found in 28·6 % of the Asian-Indian subjects in comparison with 5·1 % of the African subjects (P< 0·0001). Parathyroid hormone (PTH) concentrations were negatively associated with 25(OH)D concentrations, while season and sun exposure were positive predictors explaining 16 % of the variance in 25(OH)D concentrations (P< 0·0001) in the African subjects. In the Asian-Indian subjects, PTH concentrations were negatively associated with 25(OH)D concentrations, while male sex, season and Ca supplementation were positive predictors and explained 17 % of the variance in 25(OH)D concentrations (P< 0·0001). In the multivariate regression analysis, neither total body fat nor body fat distribution was predictive of 25(OH)D concentrations in either group. In conclusion, factors such as sun exposure, dietary supplement use and ethnicity are important determinants of plasma 25(OH)D concentrations.
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Nylén H, Björkhem-Bergman L, Ekström L, Roh HK, Bertilsson L, Eliasson E, Lindh JD, Diczfalusy U. Plasma levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 and in vivo markers of cytochrome P450 3A activity in Swedes and Koreans: effects of a genetic polymorphism and oral contraceptives. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2014; 115:366-71. [PMID: 24655660 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.12230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2013] [Accepted: 02/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
In vitro studies have shown that vitamin D may induce several cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes in general and CYP3A4 in particular. The primary aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between plasma levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 and suggested in vivo markers of CYP3A activity in healthy volunteers from Sweden and Korea. Plasma concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 were analysed in samples from three previously performed studies, and the correlation between these levels and suggested in vivo markers of CYP3A activity was investigated by means of nonparametric correlation. In addition, we studied the modulating effects of three vitamin D receptor promoter polymorphisms on the association between 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 and CYP3A enzyme activity in Swedish subjects. The plasma levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 were not significantly associated with CYP3A phenotypes in any of the three studies, but after accounting for the vitamin D receptor polymorphism rs4516035, there was a significant positive association between 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 and CYP3A activity (p = 0.004). Swedes (n = 65) had significantly higher 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 levels than Koreans (n = 67), 75 nM compared with 31 nM (p < 0.001). Swedish women taking oral contraceptives (OC) (n = 19) had somewhat higher plasma levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 compared with Swedish women not taking oral contraceptives (n = 21), 89 and 72 nM, respectively (p = 0.02). In conclusion, our results suggest that the overall influence on the CYP3A activity by 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 is of marginal importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Nylén
- Division of Clinical Chemistry, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
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Kheirandish-Gozal L, Peris E, Gozal D. Vitamin D levels and obstructive sleep apnoea in children. Sleep Med 2014; 15:459-63. [PMID: 24684979 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2013.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2013] [Revised: 12/14/2013] [Accepted: 12/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is a common health problem in children. African American (AA) and obese children have higher prevalence of OSA, and are also at a higher risk of reduced vitamin D levels. We hypothesised that OSA would be associated with lower levels of plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) and increase in the risk of metabolic dysfunction and systemic inflammation. METHODS In this observational cross-sectional study, 176 prospectively recruited children (mean age: 6.8±0.8 years) underwent overnight polysomnographic evaluation and a fasting blood draw the morning after the sleep study. In addition to lipid profile, homeostatic model of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) assays and plasma 25(OH)D levels were assessed using ELISA kits. RESULTS AA children, obese children and children with OSA had significantly lower 25(OH)D levels. Linear associations emerged between 25(OH)D plasma levels and body mass index (BMI) z-score, hsCRP and HOMA-IR, as well as with apnoea-hypopnoea index (AHI) and oxygen saturation (SpO2) nadir, the latter two associations remaining statistically significant even when controlling for all other potential confounders, and independently accounting for 17.7% of the variance in 25(OH)D (p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS 25(OH)D levels are reduced in paediatric OSA, in AA children and in obese children, particularly when all are present, and may play a role in modulating the degree of insulin resistance and systemic inflammation. The short-term and long-term significance of reduced 25(OH)D in paediatric OSA remains undefined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Kheirandish-Gozal
- Section of Sleep Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Pritzker School of Medicine, Biological Sciences Division, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Eduard Peris
- Section of Sleep Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Pritzker School of Medicine, Biological Sciences Division, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - David Gozal
- Section of Sleep Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Pritzker School of Medicine, Biological Sciences Division, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
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Friis H, Range N, Changalucha J, PrayGod G, Jeremiah K, Faurholt-Jepsen D, Krarup H, Mølgaard C, Andersen ÅB. Vitamin D status among pulmonary TB patients and non-TB controls: a cross-sectional study from Mwanza, Tanzania. PLoS One 2013; 8:e81142. [PMID: 24324666 PMCID: PMC3855700 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0081142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2013] [Accepted: 10/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about vitamin D status in low-income populations burdened with infectious diseases. Hence, there is a need for data on correlates of serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D (S-25(OH)D) and its validity during infections. OBJECTIVE To assess the role of pulmonary TB (PTB) and HIV as correlates of S-25(OH)D. DESIGN Age-sex-matched cross-sectional study among PTB patients and non-TB controls. METHODS PTB patients were categorized as sputum negative (PTB-) and positive (PTB+) by culture. Non-TB controls were randomly selected among age-sex-matched neighbours to PTB+ patients. Height, weight, arm circumference and triceps skinfold were measured, and body mass index (BMI), arm fat (AFA) and muscle area (AMA) computed. HIV status, and S-25(OH)D, C-reactive protein (S-CRP) and α1-acid glycoprotein (S-AGP) were determined. Linear regression analysis with controls and PTB patients combined was used to identify correlates of S-25(OH)D. RESULTS S-25(OH)D data were available on 97.8% (1570) of 1605 participants. Mean (SD) S-25(OH)D was 84.4 (25.6) nmol/L with 39.6% <75 nmol/L among 347 non-TB controls. Time of recruitment, sex, PTB and HIV, and elevated S-AGP were correlates of S-25(OH)D. S-25(OH)D was 24.8 (95% CI 18.6;30.9) nmol/L higher in PTB compared to controls among females, but only 9.8 (95% CI:4.5;15.2) nmol/L among males (interaction p<0.0001). Females had 13.8 (95% CI:8.2;21.9) nmol/L lower S-25(OH)D than males, and HIV infected individuals had 8.5 (95% CI:4.9;12.1) higher S-25(OH)D compared to uninfected. Elevated S-AGP was a positive correlate of S-25(OH)D. Low BMI was associated with S-25(OH)D, but not with infections or S-AGP in the model. CONCLUSION While S-25(OH)D may decline transiently during a mild acute phase response, it may increase if the acute phase response leads to loss of fat. The validity of S-25(OH)D as a marker of vitamin D status may be affected by infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrik Friis
- Department of Nutrition, Sports and Exercise, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
- * E-mail:
| | - Nyagosya Range
- National Institute for Medical Research, Muhimbili Medical Research Centre, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - John Changalucha
- National Institute for Medical Research, Mwanza Medical Research Centre, NIMR, Mwanza, Tanzania
| | - George PrayGod
- National Institute for Medical Research, Mwanza Medical Research Centre, NIMR, Mwanza, Tanzania
| | - Kidola Jeremiah
- National Institute for Medical Research, Mwanza Medical Research Centre, NIMR, Mwanza, Tanzania
| | - Daniel Faurholt-Jepsen
- Department of Nutrition, Sports and Exercise, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Henrik Krarup
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Christian Mølgaard
- Department of Nutrition, Sports and Exercise, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
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Sulistyoningrum DC, Gasevic D, Green TJ, Lear SA, Devlin AM. Adiposity and the relationship between vitamin D and blood pressure. Metabolism 2013; 62:1795-802. [PMID: 23987237 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2013.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2013] [Revised: 07/06/2013] [Accepted: 07/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Circulating vitamin D (25OHD) concentrations are negatively associated with blood pressure (BP) but little is known about the mechanisms for this relationship. Adiposity is positively associated with BP and inversely with circulating 25OHD concentrations but no studies have assessed the relationship between plasma 25OHD and adiposity on BP. The goal of this study is to investigate if the association between plasma 25OHD and BP is mediated by adiposity. MATERIALS/METHODS The relationship between plasma 25OHD, systolic and diastolic BP, and adiposity [BMI, waist circumference, visceral adipose tissue (VAT)] was assessed in a multi-ethnic cross-sectional study of Aboriginal (n=151), Chinese (n=190), European (n=170), and South Asian (n=176) participants by linear regression models. RESULTS Plasma 25OHD concentrations were negatively associated with systolic (standardized B=-0.191, P<0.001) and diastolic BP (standardized B=-0.196, P<0.001) in models adjusted for age, sex, ethnicity, family history of CVD, smoking status, alcohol consumption, and physical activity. The negative relationship between plasma 25OHD concentrations and systolic and diastolic BP was attenuated after the addition of BMI, waist circumference, and VAT to the models, but the relationship remained significant. Plasma 25OHD concentrations accounted for 0.7% and 0.8% of the variance in systolic and diastolic BP, respectively. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that the relationship between vitamin D and BP is independent of adiposity. Further studies are required to determine the mechanisms by which vitamin D affects BP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dian C Sulistyoningrum
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Child and Family Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada
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Lamberg-Allardt C, Brustad M, Meyer HE, Steingrimsdottir L. Vitamin D - a systematic literature review for the 5th edition of the Nordic Nutrition Recommendations. Food Nutr Res 2013; 57:22671. [PMID: 24106457 PMCID: PMC3790913 DOI: 10.3402/fnr.v57i0.22671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2013] [Revised: 07/08/2013] [Accepted: 08/21/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present literature review is part of the NNR5 project with the aim of reviewing and updating the scientific basis of the 4th edition of the Nordic Nutrition Recommendations (NNR) issued in 2004. OBJECTIVES The overall aim was to review recent scientific data on the requirements and health effects of vitamin D and to report it to the NNR5 Working Group, who is responsible for updating the current dietary reference values valid in the Nordic countries. METHODS The electronic databases MEDLINE and Swemed were searched. We formulated eight questions which were used for the search. The search terms related to vitamin D status and intake and different health outcomes as well as to the effect of different vitamin D sources on vitamin D status. The search was done in two batches, the first covering January 2000-March 2010 and the second March 2009-February 2011. In the first search, we focused only on systematic literature reviews (SLRs) and in the second on SLRs and randomized control trials (RCTs) published after March 2009. Furthermore, we used snowballing for SLRs and IRCTs published between February 2011 and May 2012. The abstracts as well as the selected full-text papers were evaluated in pairs. RESULTS We found 1,706 studies in the two searches of which 28 studies were included in our review. We found 7 more by snowballing, thus 35 papers were included in total. Of these studies, 31 were SLRs and 4 were RCTs. The SLRs were generally of good or fair quality, whereas that of the included studies varied from good to poor. The heterogeneity of the studies included in the SLRs was large which made it difficult to interpret the results and provide single summary statements. One factor increasing the heterogeneity is the large variation in the assays used for assessing 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration [25(OH)D], the marker of vitamin D status. The SLRs we have reviewed conclude that the evidence for a protective effect of vitamin D is only conclusive concerning bone health, total mortality and the risk of falling. Moreover, the effect was often only seen in persons with low basal 25(OH)D concentrations. In addition, most intervention studies leading to these conclusions report that intervention with vitamin D combined with calcium and not vitamin D alone gives these benefits. It was difficult to establish an optimal 25(OH)D concentration or vitamin D intake based on the SLRs, but there are evidence that a concentration of ≥50 nmol/l could be optimal. The dose-response studies relating vitamin D intake (fortification and supplementation) to S-25(OH)D suggested that an intake of 1-2.5 µg/day will increase the serum concentration by 1-2 nmol/l but this is dependent on the basal concentration with a response being greater when the basal concentration is low. CONCLUSION Data show that a S-25(OH)D concentration of 50 nmol/l would reflect a sufficient vitamin D status. Results from this review support that the recommendation in NNR 2004 needs to be re-evaluated and increased for all age groups beyond 2 years of age. We refer to the total intake from food as well as supplements, given minimal sun exposure. Limited sunshine, however, does not reflect the situation for the majority of the Nordic population in the summertime. It should also be emphasized that there are large differences in results depending on assay methods and laboratories measuring 25(OH)D, adding to the uncertainty of determining an appropriate target concentration. Moreover, the dose-response of vitamin D on serum 25(OH)D-concentrations is not well established and is dependent on the basal concentrations, sunshine exposure and dietary intake. We advise that these uncertainties should be taken into account when setting the final Nordic recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Haakon E. Meyer
- Department of Community Medicine, Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Laufey Steingrimsdottir
- Unit for Nutrition Research, Landspitali University Hospital & University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
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Kühn T, Kaaks R, Teucher B, Hirche F, Dierkes J, Weikert C, Katzke V, Boeing H, Stangl GI, Buijsse B. Dietary, lifestyle, and genetic determinants of vitamin D status: a cross-sectional analysis from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)-Germany study. Eur J Nutr 2013; 53:731-41. [PMID: 24005870 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-013-0577-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2013] [Accepted: 08/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Considerable variation in 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) in populations worldwide that seems to be independent of latitude has been reported. Therefore, we aimed to assess vitamin D status of a mid-aged German general population and to identify its dietary, lifestyle, anthropometric, and genetic determinants. METHODS 25(OH)D concentrations were measured by LC-MS/MS in plasma samples of a random subcohort of the German arm of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) comprising 2,100 subjects aged 35-65 years. Associations between potential predictors and 25(OH)D were assessed by linear regression models. RESULTS 32.8% of the variance in 25(OH)D was explained by a multivariable regression model, with season being the by far strongest predictor (semi-partial R²: 14.6%). Sex, waist circumference, leisure time physical activity, smoking, polymorphisms in the GC, CYP2R1, and DHCR7 genes, supplement use, exogenous hormone use, alcohol consumption, egg consumption, and fish consumption were significantly associated with 25(OH)D concentrations as well. However, none of these factors explained >2.3% of the variance in 25(OH)D. CONCLUSION Even with a comprehensive set of genetic, anthropometric, dietary, and lifestyle correlates, not more than 32.8% of the variation in 25(OH)D could be explained in the EPIC-Germany study, implying that vitamin D prediction scores may not provide an appropriate proxy for measured 25(OH)D. Food intake was only a weak predictor of 25(OH)D concentrations, while a strong seasonal fluctuation in 25(OH)D was shown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tilman Kühn
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 581, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany,
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vinh quốc Lu'o'ng K, Nguyễn LTH. The beneficial role of vitamin D in obesity: possible genetic and cell signaling mechanisms. Nutr J 2013; 12:89. [PMID: 23800102 PMCID: PMC3702462 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2891-12-89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2013] [Accepted: 06/21/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence rates of overweight and obesity are considered an important public issue in the United States, and both of these conditions are increasing among both children and adults. There is evidence of aberrations in the vitamin D-endocrine system in obese subjects. Vitamin D deficiency is highly prevalent in patients with obesity, and many studies have demonstrated the significant effect of calcitriol on adipocytes. Genetic studies have provided an opportunity to determine which proteins link vitamin D to obesity pathology, including the vitamin D receptor, toll-like receptors, the renin-angiotensin system, apolipoprotein E, vascular endothelial growth factor, and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1. Vitamin D also exerts its effect on obesity through cell-signaling mechanisms, including matrix metalloproteinases, mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways, the reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, prostaglandins, reactive oxygen species, and nitric oxide synthase. In conclusion, vitamin D may have a role in obesity. The best form of vitamin D for use in the obese individuals is calcitriol because it is the active form of the vitamin D3 metabolite, its receptors are present in adipocytes, and modulates inflammatory cytokine expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khanh vinh quốc Lu'o'ng
- Vietnamese American Medical Research Foundation, 14971 Brookhurst Street, Westminster, CA 92683, USA.
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Zhu W, Cai D, Wang Y, Lin N, Hu Q, Qi Y, Ma S, Amarasekara S. Calcium plus vitamin D3 supplementation facilitated fat loss in overweight and obese college students with very-low calcium consumption: a randomized controlled trial. Nutr J 2013; 12:8. [PMID: 23297844 PMCID: PMC3599592 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2891-12-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2012] [Accepted: 12/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent evidence suggests that higher calcium and/or vitamin D intake may be associated with lower body weight and better metabolic health. Due to contradictory findings from intervention trials, we investigated the effect of calcium plus vitamin D3 (calcium+D) supplementation on anthropometric and metabolic profiles during energy restriction in healthy, overweight and obese adults with very-low calcium consumption. METHODS Fifty-three subjects were randomly assigned in an open-label, randomized controlled trial to receive either an energy-restricted diet (-500 kcal/d) supplemented with 600 mg elemental calcium and 125 IU vitamin D3 or energy restriction alone for 12 weeks. Repeated measurements of variance were performed to evaluate the differences between groups for changes in body weight, BMI, body composition, waist circumference, and blood pressures, as well as in plasma TG, TC, HDL, LDL, glucose and insulin concentrations. RESULTS Eighty-one percent of participants completed the trial (85% from the calcium + D group; 78% from the control group). A significantly greater decrease in fat mass loss was observed in the calcium + D group (-2.8±1.3 vs.-1.8±1.3 kg; P=0.02) than in the control group, although there was no significant difference in body weight change (P>0.05) between groups. The calcium + D group also exhibited greater decrease in visceral fat mass and visceral fat area (P<0.05 for both). No significant difference was detected for changes in metabolic variables (P>0.05). CONCLUSION Calcium plus vitamin D3 supplementation for 12 weeks augmented body fat and visceral fat loss in very-low calcium consumers during energy restriction. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT01447433, http://clinicaltrials.gov/).
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhu
- Department of Nutrition, Shanghai Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai 201318, China
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Jung IK. Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in Korea: Results from KNHANES 2010 to 2011. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.4163/jnh.2013.46.6.540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- In Kyung Jung
- Department of Beauty Art, Honam University, Gwangju 502-791, Korea
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Badawi A, Arora P, Sadoun E, Al-Thani AA, Thani MHA. Prevalence of vitamin d insufficiency in qatar: a systematic review. J Public Health Res 2012; 1:229-35. [PMID: 25170469 PMCID: PMC4140375 DOI: 10.4081/jphr.2012.e36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2012] [Accepted: 11/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Qatar has a high burden of chronic diseases including obesity, cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Low serum vitamin D levels have been implicated in the development and progression of a range of these chronic conditions. The prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency or deficiency in the general population of Qatar has still not been investigated. The aim of this study was to carry out a systematic review of published studies documenting the prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency or deficiency in the Qatari population. A search strategy was developed for online databases (PubMed, Ovid MEDLINE, Embase and Embase Classic) between 1980 to the last week of August 2012, and bibliographies of the included studies were further searched for additional reports. Search terms used were QATAR and VITAMIN D. Studies reporting the serum levels of vitamin D in several Qatari sub-populations were identified. Weighted-average vitamin D serum levels and prevalence of low vitamin D status (<75 nmol/L) were calculated. Subgroup analysis was carried out by age. The quality of each study was evaluated according to four criteria: national representativeness, representation of males and females, the sample size, and the sampling protocol. A total of 16 relevant publications were identified, and 8 of these (reporting from 7 unique studies) met our inclusion and exclusion criteria with a total number of 1,699 Qatari subjects. The pooled sample size weighted-average vitamin D concentration (±SD) was 45.3±14.3 nmol/L (95% CI: 44.6-46.0; range 29.2-66.9 nmol/L). The weighted-average prevalence of low vitamin D status was 90.4% (95% CI: 90.1-91.0; range 83%-91%). Age was inversely correlated with vitamin D levels and directly with its insufficiency/deficiency prevalence. There have only been a few studies on the prevalence of low vitamin D in Qatar a very high prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency/deficiency in Qatar that increases with age has been suggested. The present report underlines the need to develop a nationally representative study to further evaluate vitamin D status in Qatar. Given the growing evidence of the role of vitamin D in chronic disease, this study could help develop public health strategies for disease prevention in Qatar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa Badawi
- Public Health Division, Supreme Council of Health , Doha, Qatar ; Office of Biotechnology, Genomics and Population Health, Public Health Agency of Canada , Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Paul Arora
- Office of Biotechnology, Genomics and Population Health, Public Health Agency of Canada , Toronto, Ontario, Canada ; Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto , Ontario, Canada
| | - Eman Sadoun
- Clinical Research Division, Supreme Council of Health , Doha, Qatar
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