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Min SH, Schnall R, Lee C, Topaz M. Relationship between hemoglobin and specific cognitive domain among older adults using network analysis. Aging Ment Health 2024:1-8. [PMID: 38919074 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2024.2370442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Hemoglobin (Hgb) is associated with cognitive function, with low and high levels of Hgb leading to impaired cerebral oxygenation and perfusion. Yet, current studies focused on understanding the association between Hgb and cognitive function without consideration for each cognitive domain. Thus, this study aims to identify and visualize potentially interactive associations between Hgb and specific cognitive domains among older adults. METHOD This is a secondary data analysis using Wave II data from the National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project (NSHAP) and included 1022 older adults aged between 65 and 85 years. The network structure of three different models was estimated to understand the association between specific cognitive domains and Hgb in a mixed graphical model using the R-package 'mgm'. Model 1 did not adjust for any covariates, Model 2 adjusted for age and gender, and Model 3 adjusted for all covariates. RESULTS Among all cognitive domains, the visuospatial (edge weight = 0.06-0.10) and memory domains (0.04-0.07) were associated with Hgb in all three models Though not present in Model 3, the attention domain was associated with Hgb in Model 1 and Model 2 (0.08-0.11). In addition, the predictability of Hgb was the highest (8.1%) in Model 3. CONCLUSION Findings from this study suggest that cognition should be considered as a multidimensional construct, and its specific cognitive domain should be carefully assessed and managed in relation to Hgb among older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se Hee Min
- Columbia University School of Nursing, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rebecca Schnall
- Mary Dickey Lindsay Professor of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion in Nursing, Columbia University School of Nursing, New York, NY, USA
| | - Chiyoung Lee
- The University of Arizona College of Nursing, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Maxim Topaz
- Elizabeth Standish Gill Associate Professor of Nursing, Columbia University School of Nursing, New York, NY, USA
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2
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Zadeh AK, Sadeghbeigi N, Safakheil H, Setarehdan SK, Alibiglou L. Connecting the dots: Sensory cueing enhances functional connectivity between pre-motor and supplementary motor areas in Parkinson's disease. Eur J Neurosci 2024. [PMID: 38858176 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.16437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
People with Parkinson's disease often exhibit improvements in motor tasks when exposed to external sensory cues. While the effects of different types of sensory cues on motor functions in Parkinson's disease have been widely studied, the underlying neural mechanism of these effects and the potential of sensory cues to alter the motor cortical activity patterns and functional connectivity of cortical motor areas are still unclear. This study aims to compare changes in oxygenated haemoglobin, deoxygenated haemoglobin and correlations among different cortical regions of interest during wrist movement under different external stimulus conditions between people with Parkinson's disease and controls. Ten Parkinson's disease patients and 10 age- and sex-matched neurologically healthy individuals participated, performing repetitive wrist flexion and extension tasks under auditory and visual cues. Changes in oxygenated and deoxygenated haemoglobin in motor areas were measured using functional near-infrared spectroscopy, along with electromyograms from wrist muscles and wrist movement kinematics. The functional near-infrared spectroscopy data revealed significantly higher neural activity changes in the Parkinson's disease group's pre-motor area compared to controls (p = 0.006), and functional connectivity between the supplementary motor area and pre-motor area was also significantly higher in the Parkinson's disease group when external sensory cues were present (p = 0.016). These results indicate that external sensory cues' beneficial effects on motor tasks are linked to changes in the functional connectivity between motor areas responsible for planning and preparation of movements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali K Zadeh
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Hosein Safakheil
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Kamaledin Setarehdan
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Laila Alibiglou
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health and Human Sciences, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
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3
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Monteiro A, Castro P, Pereira G, Ferreira C, Polonia J, Lobo M, Azevedo E. Cerebral blood flow regulation and cognitive performance in hypertension. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2024:271678X241254680. [PMID: 38738526 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x241254680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
We examined the relation between transcranial Doppler (TCD) markers of cerebral blood flow regulation and cognitive performance in hypertension (HT) patients to evaluate the predictive value of these markers for cognitive decline. We assessed dynamic cerebral autoregulation (dCA), vasoreactivity to carbon dioxide, and neurovascular coupling (NVC) in the middle (MCA) and posterior (PCA) cerebral arteries of 52 patients. Neuropsychological evaluation included the Montreal Cognitive Assessment and tests covering attention, executive function, processing speed, and memory. Notably, reduced rate time in the PCA significantly predicted better processing speed (p = 0.003). Furthermore, reduced overshoot systolic cerebral blood velocity in the PCA and reduced phase in the VLF range in the MCA (p = 0.021 and p = 0.017, respectively) significantly predicted better memory. Intriguingly, enhanced dCA in the MCA predicted poorer memory performance, while reduced NVC in the PCA predicted both superior processing speed and memory performance. These findings suggest that HT-induced changes in cerebral hemodynamics impact cognitive performance. Further research should verify these observations and elucidate whether these changes represent adaptive responses or neurovascular inefficiency. TCD markers might provide insights into HT-related cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Monteiro
- UnIC@RISE, Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine of University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Neurology, Unidade Local de Saúde Alto Ave - Hospital de Guimarães, E.P.E., Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Pedro Castro
- UnIC@RISE, Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine of University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Neurology, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, E.P.E., Porto, Portugal
| | - Gilberto Pereira
- Department of Neurology, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, E.P.E., Porto, Portugal
| | - Carmen Ferreira
- Department of Neurology, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, E.P.E., Porto, Portugal
| | - Jorge Polonia
- CINTESIS@RISE, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine of University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Hypertension and Cardiovascular Risk Unit, Unidade Local de Saúde de Matosinhos, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Mariana Lobo
- CINTESIS@RISE, MEDCIDS Department, Faculty of Medicine of University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Elsa Azevedo
- UnIC@RISE, Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine of University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Neurology, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, E.P.E., Porto, Portugal
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4
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Zhang M, Qu Y, Li Q, Gu C, Zhang L, Chen H, Ding M, Zhang T, Zhen R, An H. Correlation Between Prefrontal Functional Connectivity and the Degree of Cognitive Impairment in Alzheimer's Disease: A Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Study. J Alzheimers Dis 2024; 98:1287-1300. [PMID: 38517784 DOI: 10.3233/jad-230648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
Background The development of Alzheimer's disease (AD) can be divided into subjective cognitive decline (SCD), mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and dementia. Early recognition of pre-AD stages may slow the progression of dementia. Objective This study aimed to explore functional connectivity (FC) changes of the brain prefrontal cortex (PFC) in AD continuum using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), and to analyze its correlation with cognitive function. Methods All participants underwent 48-channel fNIRS at resting-state. Based on Brodmann partitioning, the PFC was divided into eight subregions. The NIRSIT Analysis Tool (v3.7.5) was used to analyze mean ΔHbO2 and FC. Spearman correlation analysis was used to examine associations between FC and cognitive function. Results Compared with HC group, the mean ΔHbO2 and FC were different between multiple subregions in the AD continuum. Both mean ΔHbO2 in the left dorsolateral PFC and average FC decreased sequentially from SCD to MCI to AD groups. Additionally, seven pairs of subregions differed in FC among the three groups: the differences between the MCI and SCD groups were in heterotopic connectivity; the differences between the AD and SCD groups were in left intrahemispheric and homotopic connectivity; whereas the MCI and AD groups differed only in homotopic connectivity. Spearman correlation results showed that FCs were positively correlated with cognitive function. Conclusions These results suggest that the left dorsolateral PFC may be the key cortical impairment in AD. Furthermore, there are different resting-state prefrontal network patterns in AD continuum, and the degree of cognitive impairment is positively correlated with reduced FC strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengxue Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanjie Qu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Li
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changqiao Street Community Health Service Center of Xuhui District, Shanghai, China
| | - Chao Gu
- Department of Neurology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Limin Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongxu Chen
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Center, Cardiff University, Wales, UK
| | - Minrui Ding
- Department of Neurology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tong Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Rongrong Zhen
- Department of Neurology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongmei An
- Department of Science and Technology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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5
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Cai Z, Wang X, Wang Q. Does muscle strength predict working memory? A cross-sectional fNIRS study in older adults. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1243283. [PMID: 37876877 PMCID: PMC10590893 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1243283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Previous research has primarily focused on the association between muscle strength and global cognitive function in older adults, while the connection between muscle strength and advanced cognitive function such as inhibition and working memory (WM) remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the relationship among muscle strength, WM, and task-related cortex hemodynamics. Methods We recruited eighty-one older adults. Muscle strength was measured using a grip and lower limb strength protocol. We measured the WM performance by using reaction time (RT) and accuracy (ACC) in the N-back task and the cortical hemodynamics of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) by functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). Results We found positive correlations between grip strength (p < 0.05), 30-s sit-up (p < 0.05) and ACC, negative correlation between grip strength (p < 0.05) and RT. Furthermore, we observed positive correlations between grip strength and the level of oxygenated hemoglobin (HbO2) in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, frontopolar area, ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (p < 0.05), and negative correlations between grip strength and the level of deoxygenated hemoglobin (Hb) in left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, frontopolar area, left ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (p < 0.05). Additionally, we noticed positive correlations between RT and the level of Hb in left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, right frontopolar area (p < 0.05), and negative correlations between RT and the level of HbO2 in left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, frontopolar area (p < 0.05). However, the cortical hemodynamics did not mediate the relationship between muscle strength and WM performance (RT, ACC). Conclusion The grip strength of older adults predicted WM in the cross-section study. The level of hemodynamics in PFC can serve as a predictor of WM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhidong Cai
- Department of Physical Education, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, China
- School of Physical Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Xing Wang
- School of Physical Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- School of Physical Education, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China
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6
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Yeung MK, Han YMY. Changes in task performance and frontal cortex activation within and over sessions during the n-back task. Sci Rep 2023; 13:3363. [PMID: 36849731 PMCID: PMC9971214 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-30552-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The n-back task is a popular paradigm for studying neurocognitive processing at varying working memory loads. Although much is known about the effects of load on behavior and neural activation during n-back performance, the temporal dynamics of such effects remain unclear. Here, we investigated the within- and between-session stability and consistency of task performance and frontal cortical activation during the n-back task using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). Forty healthy young adults performed the 1-back and 3-back conditions three times per condition. They then undertook identical retest sessions 3 weeks later (M = 21.2 days, SD = 0.9). Over the course of the task, activation in the participants' frontopolar, dorsomedial, dorsolateral, ventrolateral, and posterolateral frontal cortices was measured with fNIRS. We found significantly improved working memory performance (difference between 1-back and 3-back accuracies) over time both within and between sessions. All accuracy and reaction time measures exhibited good to excellent consistency within and across sessions. Additionally, changes in frontal oxyhemoglobin (HbO) and deoxyhemoglobin (HbR) concentration were maintained over time across timescales, except that load-dependent (3-back > 1-back) HbO changes, particularly in the ventrolateral PFC, diminished over separate sessions. The consistency of fNIRS measures varied greatly, with changes in 3-back dorsolateral and ventrolateral HbO demonstrating fair-to-good consistency both within and between sessions. Overall, this study clarified the temporal dynamics of task performance and frontal activation during the n-back task. The findings revealed the neural mechanisms underlying the change in n-back task performance over time and have practical implications for future n-back research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael K. Yeung
- grid.419993.f0000 0004 1799 6254Department of Psychology, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Tai Po China
| | - Yvonne M. Y. Han
- grid.16890.360000 0004 1764 6123Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, Hung Hom China ,grid.16890.360000 0004 1764 6123University Research Facility in Behavioral and Systems Neuroscience, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, Hung Hom China
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7
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Gallucci J, Pomarol-Clotet E, Voineskos AN, Guerrero-Pedraza A, Alonso-Lana S, Vieta E, Salvador R, Hawco C. Longer illness duration is associated with greater individual variability in functional brain activity in Schizophrenia, but not bipolar disorder. Neuroimage Clin 2022; 36:103269. [PMID: 36451371 PMCID: PMC9723315 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2022.103269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individuals with schizophrenia exhibit greater inter-patient variability in functional brain activity during neurocognitive task performance. Some studies have shown associations of age and illness duration with brain function; however, the association of these variables with variability in brain function activity is not known. In order to better understand the progressive effects of age and illness duration across disorders, we examined the relationship with individual variability in brain activity. METHODS Neuroimaging and behavioural data were extracted from harmonized datasets collectively including 212 control participants, 107 individuals with bipolar disorder, and 232 individuals with schizophrenia (total n = 551). Functional activity in response to an N-back working memory task (2-back vs 1-back) was examined. Individual variability was quantified via the correlational distance of fMRI activity between participants; mean correlational distance of one participant in relation to all others was defined as a 'variability score'. RESULTS Greater individual variability was found in the schizophrenia group compared to the bipolar disorder and control groups (p = 1.52e-09). Individual variability was significantly associated with aging (p = 0.027), however, this relationship was not different across diagnostic groups. In contrast, in the schizophrenia sample only, a longer illness duration was associated with increased variability (p = 0.027). CONCLUSION An increase in variability was observed in the schizophrenia group related to illness duration, beyond the effects of normal aging, implying illness-related deterioration of cognitive networks. This has clinical implications for considering long-term trajectories in schizophrenia and progressive neural and cognitive decline which may be amiable to novel treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Gallucci
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Edith Pomarol-Clotet
- FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Aristotle N. Voineskos
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Amalia Guerrero-Pedraza
- FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain,Benito Menni Complex Assistencial en Salut Mental, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Silvia Alonso-Lana
- FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain,Research Centre and Memory Clinic, Fundació ACE Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades – Universitat Internacional de Catalunya (UIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eduard Vieta
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain,Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Raymond Salvador
- FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Colin Hawco
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,Corresponding authors at: Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, ON, Spain.
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8
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Load-Dependent Prefrontal Cortex Activation Assessed by Continuous-Wave Near-Infrared Spectroscopy during Two Executive Tasks with Three Cognitive Loads in Young Adults. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12111462. [PMID: 36358387 PMCID: PMC9688545 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12111462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study examined the evolution of the behavioral performance, subjectively perceived difficulty, and hemodynamic activity of the prefrontal cortex as a function of cognitive load during two different cognitive tasks tapping executive functions. Additionally, it investigated the relationships between these behavioral, subjective, and neuroimaging data. Nineteen right-handed young adults (18–22 years) were scanned using continuous-wave functional near-infrared spectroscopy during the performance of n-back and random number generation tasks in three cognitive load conditions. Four emitter and four receptor optodes were fixed bilaterally over the ventrolateral and dorsolateral prefrontal cortices to record the hemodynamic changes. A self-reported scale measured the perceived difficulty. The findings of this study showed that an increasing cognitive load deteriorated the behavioral performance and increased the perceived difficulty. The hemodynamic activity increased parametrically for the three cognitive loads of the random number generation task and in a two-back and three-back compared to a one-back condition. In addition, the hemodynamic activity was specifically greater in the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex than in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex for both cognitive tasks (random number generation and n-back tasks). Finally, the results highlighted some links between cerebral oxygenation and the behavioral performance, but not the subjectively perceived difficulty. Our results suggest that cognitive load affects the executive performance and perceived difficulty and that fNIRS can be used to specify the prefrontal cortex’s implications for executive tasks involving inhibition and working memory updating.
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Talamonti D, Gagnon C, Vincent T, Nigam A, Lesage F, Bherer L, Fraser S. Exploring cognitive and brain oxygenation changes over a 1-year period in physically active individuals with mild cognitive impairment: a longitudinal fNIRS pilot study. BMC Geriatr 2022; 22:648. [PMID: 35941561 PMCID: PMC9361664 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-022-03306-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aging is associated with an increased likelihood of developing dementia, but a growing body of evidence suggests that certain modifiable risk factors may help prevent or delay dementia onset. Among these, physical activity (PA) has been linked to better cognitive performance and brain functions in healthy older adults and may contribute to preventing dementia. The current pilot study investigated changes in behavioral and brain activation patterns over a 1-year period in individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and healthy controls taking part in regular PA. METHODS Frontal cortical response during a dual-task walking paradigm was investigated at baseline, at 6 months (T6), and at 12 months (T12) by means of a portable functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) system. The dual-task paradigm included a single cognitive task (2-back), a single motor task (walking), and a dual-task condition (2-back whilst walking). RESULTS Both groups showed progressive improvement in cognitive performance at follow-up visits compared to baseline. Gait speed remained stable throughout the duration of the study in the control group and increased at T6 for those with MCI. A significant decrease in cortical activity was observed in both groups during the cognitive component of the dual-task at follow-up visits compared to baseline, with MCI individuals showing the greatest improvement. CONCLUSIONS The observations of this pilot study suggest that taking part in regular PA may be especially beneficial for both cognitive performance and brain functions in older adulthood and, especially, in individuals with MCI. Our findings may serve as preliminary evidence for the use of PA as a potential intervention to prevent cognitive decline in individuals at greater risk of dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Talamonti
- Research center and EPIC Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Christine Gagnon
- Research center and EPIC Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Thomas Vincent
- Research center and EPIC Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Anil Nigam
- Research center and EPIC Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Frederic Lesage
- Research center and EPIC Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada.,École Polytechnique de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Louis Bherer
- Research center and EPIC Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Centre de recherche, Institute universitaire de gériatrie de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Sarah Fraser
- Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
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10
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Chang F, Li H, Li N, Zhang S, Liu C, Zhang Q, Cai W. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy as a potential objective evaluation technique in neurocognitive disorders after traumatic brain injury. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:903756. [PMID: 35935423 PMCID: PMC9352882 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.903756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Most patients with neurocognitive disorders after traumatic brain injury (TBI) show executive dysfunction, in which the pre-frontal cortex (PFC) plays an important role. However, less objective evaluation technique could be used to assess the executive dysfunction in these patients. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), which is a non-invasive technique, has been widely used in the study of psychiatric disorders, cognitive dysfunction, etc. The present study aimed to explore whether fNIRS could be a technique to assess the damage degree of executive function in patients with neurocognitive disorders after TBI by using the Stroop and N-back tasks in PFC areas. We enrolled 37 patients with neurocognitive disorders after TBI and 60 healthy controls. A 22-channel fNIRS device was used to record HbO during Stroop, 1-back and 2-back tasks. The results showed that patients made significantly more errors and had longer response times than healthy controls. There were statistically significant differences in HbO level variation in bilateral frontopolar, bilateral inferior frontal gyrus and left middle temporal gyrus during Stroop color word consistency tasks and in left frontopolar during Stroop color word inconsistency tasks. During 2-back tasks, there were also statistically significant differences in HbO level variation in bilateral frontopolar, bilateral inferior frontal gyrus, bilateral dorsolateral pre-frontal cortex. According to brain activation maps, the patients exhibited lower but more widespread activation during the 2-back and Stroop color word consistency tasks. The fNIRS could identify executive dysfunction in patients with neurocognitive disorders after TBI by detecting HbO levels, which suggested that fNIRS could be a potential objective evaluation technique in neurocognitive disorders after TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Chang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Key Lab of Forensic Science, Ministry of Justice, Shanghai Forensic Service Platform, Academy of Forensic Science, Shanghai, China.,Sichuan Provincial Center for Mental Health, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Haozhe Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Key Lab of Forensic Science, Ministry of Justice, Shanghai Forensic Service Platform, Academy of Forensic Science, Shanghai, China
| | - Ningning Li
- Hongkou Mental Health Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Shengyu Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Key Lab of Forensic Science, Ministry of Justice, Shanghai Forensic Service Platform, Academy of Forensic Science, Shanghai, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Key Lab of Forensic Science, Ministry of Justice, Shanghai Forensic Service Platform, Academy of Forensic Science, Shanghai, China
| | - Qinting Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Key Lab of Forensic Science, Ministry of Justice, Shanghai Forensic Service Platform, Academy of Forensic Science, Shanghai, China
| | - Weixiong Cai
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Key Lab of Forensic Science, Ministry of Justice, Shanghai Forensic Service Platform, Academy of Forensic Science, Shanghai, China
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11
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Bishnoi A, Chaparro GN, Hernandez ME. Effect of Heart Rate Reserve on Prefrontal Cortical Activation While Dual-Task Walking in Older Adults. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 19:47. [PMID: 35010305 PMCID: PMC8751037 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19010047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Hypertension is considered a risk factor for cardiovascular health and non-amnestic cognitive impairment in older adults. While heart rate reserve (HRR) has been shown to be a risk factor for hypertension, how impaired HRR in older adults can lead to cognitive impairment is still unclear. The objective of this study was to examine the effects of HRR on prefrontal cortical (PFC) activation under varying dual-task demands in older adults. Twenty-eight older adults (50-82 years of age) were included in this study and divided into higher (n = 14) and lower (n = 14) HRR groups. Participants engaged in the cognitive task which was the Modified Stroop Color Word Test (MSCWT) on a self-paced treadmill while walking. Participants with higher HRR demonstrated increased PFC activation in comparison to lower HRR, even after controlling for covariates in analysis. Furthermore, as cognitive task difficulty increased (from neutral to congruent to incongruent to switching), PFC activation increased. In addition, there was a significant interaction between tasks and HRR group, with older adults with higher HRR demonstrating increases in PFC activation, faster gait speed, and increased accuracy, relative to those with lower HRR, when going from neutral to switching tasks. These results provide evidence of a relationship between HRR and prefrontal cortical activation and cognitive and physical performance, suggesting that HRR may serve as a biomarker for cognitive health of an older adult with or without cardiovascular risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alka Bishnoi
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, College of Applied Health Science, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA;
| | - Gioella N. Chaparro
- Department of Kinesiology, California State University, Dominguez Hills, Carson, CA 90747, USA;
| | - Manuel E. Hernandez
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, College of Applied Health Science, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA;
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12
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Age-Related Differences in Cardiac Autonomic Control at Resting State and in Response to Mental Stress. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11122218. [PMID: 34943455 PMCID: PMC8700263 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11122218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Our goal was to investigate age-related differences in cardiac autonomic control by means of heart rate variability (HRV). For this purpose, 30 healthy older and 34 younger adults were studied during three different conditions: (i) during resting state, (ii) during the execution of two cognitive tasks, and (iii) during the subsequent recovery phase. Mean heart rate and HRV parameters were higher in younger compared to older participants during all three conditions. While the mean heart rate was higher in older adults during the cognitive tasks compared to the resting state, it did not change in younger adults. In contrast, the change in HRV during the three conditions did not differ between age groups. Our results suggest decreased parasympathetic activity reflecting declined cardiac autonomic control with aging. In conclusion, HRV analysis could support the assessment of normal age-related alterations in cardiac autonomic control at resting state and in response to cognitive demands.
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13
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Yeung MK, Lee TL, Chan AS. Depressive and anxiety symptoms are related to decreased lateral prefrontal cortex functioning during cognitive control in older people. Biol Psychol 2021; 166:108224. [PMID: 34785277 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2021.108224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Some studies have found a relationship between negative emotional symptoms and decreased lateral PFC functioning during a cognitive control task in healthy younger adults. Here, we asked whether this relationship is also present in the general older population and across different functional domains of the lateral PFC. Thirty-six older people (13 males) self-reported their recent depressive and anxiety symptoms. They also took two cognitive control tasks known to differentially engage the lateral frontoparietal network (digit n-back task) and the lateral frontotemporal network (Category Fluency Test) while hemodynamic changes in the PFC were monitored by functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). Both depressive and anxiety symptoms were associated with decreased activation in the bilateral lateral PFC during cognitive control performance. Interestingly, these relationships were driven by the n-back task. Our findings suggest that depressive and anxiety symptoms are related to decreased lateral PFC functioning in particular domains of cognitive control among older people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael K Yeung
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tsz L Lee
- Neuropsychology Laboratory, Department of Psychology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Agnes S Chan
- Neuropsychology Laboratory, Department of Psychology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Research Center for Neuropsychological Well-being, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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14
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Heiland EG, Tarassova O, Fernström M, English C, Ekblom Ö, Ekblom MM. Frequent, Short Physical Activity Breaks Reduce Prefrontal Cortex Activation but Preserve Working Memory in Middle-Aged Adults: ABBaH Study. Front Hum Neurosci 2021; 15:719509. [PMID: 34602995 PMCID: PMC8481573 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2021.719509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Prolonged sitting is increasingly common and may possibly be unfavorable for cognitive function and mood. In this randomized crossover study, the effects of frequent, short physical activity breaks during prolonged sitting on cognitive task-related activation of the prefrontal cortex were investigated. The effects on working memory, psychological factors, and blood glucose were also examined, and whether arterial stiffness moderated prefrontal cortex activation. Thirteen subjects (mean age 50.5 years; eight men) underwent three 3-h sitting conditions, interrupted every 30-min by a different 3-min break on separate, randomized-ordered days: seated social interactions (SOCIAL), walking (WALK), or simple resistance activities (SRA). Arterial stiffness was assessed at baseline. Before and after each 3-h condition, psychological factors (stress, mood, sleepiness, and alertness) were assessed through questionnaires and functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) was used to measure changes in prefrontal oxygenated hemoglobin (Oxy-Hb), indicative of cortical activation, while performing working memory tasks [1- (baseline), 2-, and 3-back]. Blood glucose levels were continuously measured throughout the conditions. Results revealed no significant changes in Oxy-Hb during the 2-back compared with the 1-back test in any condition, and no time-by-condition interactions. During the 3-back test, there was a significant decrease in Oxy-Hb compared with the 1-back after the WALK condition in the right prefrontal cortex, but there were no time-by-condition interactions, although 3-back reaction time improved only in the WALK condition. Mood and alertness improved after the WALK condition, which was significantly different from the SOCIAL condition. Arterial stiffness moderated the effects, such that changes in Oxy-Hb were significantly different between WALK and SOCIAL conditions only among those with low arterial stiffness. Blood glucose during the interventions did not differ between conditions. Thus, breaking up prolonged sitting with frequent, short physical activity breaks may reduce right prefrontal cortex activation, with improvements in some aspects of working memory, mood, and alertness. Clinical Trial Registration:www.ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier NCT04137211.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emerald G Heiland
- Department of Physical Activity and Health, The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences (GIH), Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Olga Tarassova
- Department of Physiology, Nutrition, and Biomechanics, The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences (GIH), Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maria Fernström
- Department of Physical Activity and Health, The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences (GIH), Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Coralie English
- School of Health Sciences and Priority Research Centre for Stroke and Brain Injury, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.,Centre for Research Excellence in Stroke Recovery and Rehabilitation, Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Örjan Ekblom
- Department of Physical Activity and Health, The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences (GIH), Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maria M Ekblom
- Department of Physical Activity and Health, The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences (GIH), Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
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15
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Liao YY, Chen IH, Hsu WC, Tseng HY, Wang RY. Effect of exergaming versus combined exercise on cognitive function and brain activation in frail older adults: A randomised controlled trial. Ann Phys Rehabil Med 2021; 64:101492. [PMID: 33454398 DOI: 10.1016/j.rehab.2021.101492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cognitive impairment is prevalent among frail older adults. Traditional exercise and exergaming positively affect cognition in healthy older people. However, few studies have investigated the effects of exergaming on cognition and brain activation in frail older adults. OBJECTIVE This study compared the effect of Kinect based exergaming (EXER) and combined physical exercise (CPE) training on cognitive function and brain activation in frail older adults in Taiwan. We hypothesised that EXER would be superior to CPE in this population. METHODS We randomised 46 community-dwelling frail older adults to the EXER or CPE group for 36 sessions (three 60-min training sessions per week) over 12 weeks. Outcome measures for cognitive function included global cognition measured by the Montreal Cognitive Assessment, executive function measured by the Executive Interview 25, verbal memory measured by the Chinese version of the California Verbal Learning Test, attention measured by the Stroop Colour and Word Test and Trail Making Test (part B), and working memory measured by spatial n-back tests. Prefrontal cortex activation during the global cognition test was documented with functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). RESULTS Both groups improved significantly in global cognition (P<0.05), executive function (P<0.05), and attention (P<0.05) after the 12-week intervention. The group×time interaction indicated that EXER training significantly enhanced global cognition more than CPE training (F(1,44)=5.277, P=0.026). Moreover, only the EXER group showed significant improvements in verbal (P<0.05) and working (P<0.05) memory after the intervention. The fNIRS hemodynamics data revealed decreased activation in prefrontal cortices of both groups (P<0.05) during the post-training cognitive assessment, thereby suggesting greater neural efficiency; however, we found no significant group difference. CONCLUSION In frail older adults, exergaming and CPE could improve cognitive function, most likely by increasing neural efficiency. Moreover, exergaming may be superior to CPE, particularly in improving global cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Yi Liao
- Department of gerontological health care, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - I-Hsuan Chen
- Department of physical therapy, Fooyin University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chun Hsu
- Graduate Institute of biomedical engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Han-Yun Tseng
- Department of gerontological health care, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ray-Yau Wang
- Department of physical therapy and assistive technology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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16
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Yabluchanskiy A, Nyul-Toth A, Csiszar A, Gulej R, Saunders D, Towner R, Turner M, Zhao Y, Abdelkari D, Rypma B, Tarantini S. Age-related alterations in the cerebrovasculature affect neurovascular coupling and BOLD fMRI responses: Insights from animal models of aging. Psychophysiology 2021; 58:e13718. [PMID: 33141436 PMCID: PMC9166153 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.13718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The present and future research efforts in cognitive neuroscience and psychophysiology rely on the measurement, understanding, and interpretation of blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to effectively investigate brain function. Aging and age-associated pathophysiological processes change the structural and functional integrity of the cerebrovasculature which can significantly alter how the BOLD signal is recorded and interpreted. In order to gain an improved understanding of the benefits, drawbacks, and methodological implications for BOLD fMRI in the context of cognitive neuroscience, it is crucial to understand the cellular and molecular mechanism of age-related vascular pathologies. This review discusses the multifaceted effects of aging and the contributions of age-related pathologies on structural and functional integrity of the cerebral microcirculation as they has been investigated in animal models of aging, including age-related alterations in neurovascular coupling responses, cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in microvascular damage, vascular rarefaction, blood-brain barrier disruption, senescence, humoral deficiencies as they relate to, and potentially introduce confounding factors in the interpretation of BOLD fMRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andriy Yabluchanskiy
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Adam Nyul-Toth
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA,Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Anna Csiszar
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Rafal Gulej
- Advanced Magnetic Resonance Center, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma, OK, USA
| | - Debra Saunders
- Advanced Magnetic Resonance Center, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma, OK, USA
| | - Rheal Towner
- Advanced Magnetic Resonance Center, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma, OK, USA
| | - Monroe Turner
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Yuguang Zhao
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Dema Abdelkari
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Bart Rypma
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, TX, USA,Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Stefano Tarantini
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA,International Training Program in Geroscience, Doctoral School of Basic and Translational Medicine/Department of Public Health, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary,Department of Health Promotion Sciences, College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
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17
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Lee YJ, Park SY, Sung LY, Kim JH, Choi J, Oh K, Hahn SW. Reduced left ventrolateral prefrontal cortex activation during verbal fluency tasks is associated with suicidal ideation severity in medication-naïve young adults with major depressive disorder: A functional near-infrared spectroscopy study. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2021; 312:111288. [PMID: 33872934 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2021.111288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The reduction in the oxygenation dynamics in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) during cognitive tasks is a well-known occurrence in major depressive disorders (MDD). Studies focusing on oxygenation changes in the PFC in individuals with suicidal ideation are limited. Therefore, this study investigated and confirmed the presence of prefrontal dysfunction depending on the intensity of suicidal ideation among 77 young adults (45 patients with MDD and 32 healthy controls) using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). All participants underwent assessment with the Beck Depression Inventory-II, Beck Anxiety Inventory, and Beck Scale for Suicidal ideation. NIRS revealed relative hypofunction in the left dorsolateral PFC, left ventrolateral PFC (LVLPFC), and both orbitofrontal cortices in young adults with MDD compared to that in the healthy controls during verbal fluency tasks. Furthermore, the oxyhaemoglobin changes in the LVLPFC mediated the indirect effect of depression severity on suicidal ideation intensity. Our results confirmed that functional NIRS is a useful auxiliary tool for objectively assessing the risk of suicidal ideation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeon Jung Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Seoul Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seo Young Park
- Department of Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Republic of Korea
| | - Lee Yun Sung
- Department of Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Ho Kim
- Department of Nursing, Masan University, Masan, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | - Sang-Woo Hahn
- Department of Psychiatry, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Seoul Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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18
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Grässler B, Herold F, Dordevic M, Gujar TA, Darius S, Böckelmann I, Müller NG, Hökelmann A. Multimodal measurement approach to identify individuals with mild cognitive impairment: study protocol for a cross-sectional trial. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e046879. [PMID: 34035103 PMCID: PMC8154928 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-046879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment (MCI), that is, the transitory phase between normal age-related cognitive decline and dementia, remains a challenging task. It was observed that a multimodal approach (simultaneous analysis of several complementary modalities) can improve the classification accuracy. We will combine three noninvasive measurement modalities: functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), electroencephalography and heart rate variability via ECG. Our aim is to explore neurophysiological correlates of cognitive performance and whether our multimodal approach can aid in early identification of individuals with MCI. METHODS AND ANALYSIS This study will be a cross-sectional with patients with MCI and healthy controls (HC). The neurophysiological signals will be measured during rest and while performing cognitive tasks: (1) Stroop, (2) N-back and (3) verbal fluency test (VFT). Main aims of statistical analysis are to (1) determine the differences in neurophysiological responses of HC and MCI, (2) investigate relationships between measures of cognitive performance and neurophysiological responses and (3) investigate whether the classification accuracy can be improved by using our multimodal approach. To meet these targets, statistical analysis will include machine learning approaches.This is, to the best of our knowledge, the first study that applies simultaneously these three modalities in MCI and HC. We hypothesise that the multimodal approach improves the classification accuracy between HC and MCI as compared with a unimodal approach. If our hypothesis is verified, this study paves the way for additional research on multimodal approaches for dementia research and fosters the exploration of new biomarkers for an early detection of nonphysiological age-related cognitive decline. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Ethics approval was obtained from the local Ethics Committee (reference: 83/19). Data will be shared with the scientific community no more than 1 year following completion of study and data assembly. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04427436, registered on 10 June 2020, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/study/NCT04427436.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard Grässler
- Institute of Sport Science, Faculty of Humanities, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Fabian Herold
- Department of Neuroprotection, German Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases Site Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Milos Dordevic
- Department of Neuroprotection, German Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases Site Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Tariq Ali Gujar
- Institute of Sport Science, Faculty of Humanities, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Sabine Darius
- Occupational Medicine, Otto von Guericke University Medical Faculty, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Irina Böckelmann
- Occupational Medicine, Otto von Guericke University Medical Faculty, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Notger G Müller
- Department of Neuroprotection, German Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases Site Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Otto von Guericke University Medical Faculty, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Anita Hökelmann
- Institute of Sport Science, Faculty of Humanities, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
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19
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Salzman T, Tobón Vallejo D, Polskaia N, Michaud L, St‐Amant G, Lajoie Y, Fraser S. Hemodynamic and behavioral changes in older adults during cognitively demanding dual tasks. Brain Behav 2021; 11:e02021. [PMID: 33417301 PMCID: PMC7994703 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Executive functions play a fundamental role in walking by integrating information from cognitive-motor pathways. Subtle changes in brain and behavior may help identify older adults who are more susceptible to executive function deficits with advancing age due to prefrontal cortex deterioration. This study aims to examine how older adults mitigate executive demands while walking during cognitively demanding tasks. METHODS Twenty healthy older adults (M = 71.8 years, SD = 6.4) performed simple reaction time (SRT), go/no-go (GNG), n-back (NBK), and double number sequence (DNS) cognitive tasks of increasing difficulty while walking (i.e., dual task). Functional near infra-red spectroscopy (fNIRS) was used to measure the hemodynamic response (i.e., oxy- [HbO2] and deoxyhemoglobin [HbR]) changes in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) during dual and single tasks (i.e., walking alone). In addition, performance was measured using gait speed (m/s), response time (s), and accuracy (% correct). RESULTS Using repeated measures ANOVAs, neural findings demonstrated a main effect of task such that ∆HbO2 (p = .047) and ∆HbR (p = .040) decreased between single and dual tasks. An interaction between task and cognitive difficulty (p = .014) revealed that gait speed decreased in the DNS between single and dual tasks. A main effect of task in response time indicated that the SRT response time was faster than all other difficulty levels (p < .001). Accuracy performance declined between single and dual tasks (p = .028) and across difficulty levels (p < .001) but was not significantly different between the NBK and DNS. CONCLUSION Findings suggest that a healthy older adult sample might mitigate executive demands using an automatic locomotor control strategy such that shifting conscious attention away from walking during the dual tasks resulted in decreased ∆HbO2 and ∆HbR. However, decreased prefrontal activation was inefficient at maintaining response time and accuracy performance and may be differently affected by increasing cognitive demands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talia Salzman
- Interdisciplinary School of Health SciencesUniversity of OttawaOttawaONCanada
| | | | - Nadia Polskaia
- School of Human KineticsUniversity of OttawaOttawaONCanada
| | - Lucas Michaud
- School of Human KineticsUniversity of OttawaOttawaONCanada
| | | | - Yves Lajoie
- School of Human KineticsUniversity of OttawaOttawaONCanada
| | - Sarah Fraser
- Interdisciplinary School of Health SciencesUniversity of OttawaOttawaONCanada
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20
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Talamonti D, Vincent T, Fraser S, Nigam A, Lesage F, Bherer L. The Benefits of Physical Activity in Individuals with Cardiovascular Risk Factors: A Longitudinal Investigation Using fNIRS and Dual-Task Walking. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10040579. [PMID: 33557109 PMCID: PMC7913805 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10040579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular fitness is linked to better executive functions, preserved gait speed, and efficient cortical activity. Older adults with cardiovascular risk factors (CVRFs) typically show poor cognitive performance, low physical fitness, and altered brain functioning compared with healthy individuals. In the current study, the impact of regular physical activity on cognition, locomotion, and brain functions was explored in a cohort of older adults with low or high CVRFs. Cortical activation of the frontal areas was investigated using functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) at baseline, at 6 months and at 12 months. Evoked cortical response and behavioral performance were assessed using the dual-task walking paradigm, consisting of three conditions: single cognitive task (2-back task), single walking task (walking), and dual-task (2-back whilst walking). Results show greater task-related cortical response at baseline in individuals with high CVRFs compared to those with low CVRFs. Moreover, participants with high CVRFs benefitted the most from participating in regular physical activity, as their cortical response decreased at the 12-month follow-up and became comparable to that of participants with low CVRFs. These changes were observed in conjunction with improved cognitive performance and stable gait speed throughout the 12-month period in both groups. Our findings provide evidence that participation in regular physical activity may be especially beneficial in individuals with CVRFs by promoting brain and cognitive health, thus potentially contributing to prevention of cognitive decline. Future research may explore whether such effects are maintained in the long-term in order to design ad-hoc interventions in this specific population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Talamonti
- Montreal Heart Institute, Research Centre and Centre EPIC, Montreal, QC H1T 1N6, Canada; (T.V.); (A.N.); (F.L.); (L.B.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Thomas Vincent
- Montreal Heart Institute, Research Centre and Centre EPIC, Montreal, QC H1T 1N6, Canada; (T.V.); (A.N.); (F.L.); (L.B.)
| | - Sarah Fraser
- Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada;
| | - Anil Nigam
- Montreal Heart Institute, Research Centre and Centre EPIC, Montreal, QC H1T 1N6, Canada; (T.V.); (A.N.); (F.L.); (L.B.)
- Department of Medicine, Université de Montreal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Frédéric Lesage
- Montreal Heart Institute, Research Centre and Centre EPIC, Montreal, QC H1T 1N6, Canada; (T.V.); (A.N.); (F.L.); (L.B.)
- École Polytechnique de Montreal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Louis Bherer
- Montreal Heart Institute, Research Centre and Centre EPIC, Montreal, QC H1T 1N6, Canada; (T.V.); (A.N.); (F.L.); (L.B.)
- Department of Medicine, Université de Montreal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
- Centre de Recherche, Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3W 1W5, Canada
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21
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Prefrontal Cortex Involvement during Dual-Task Stair Climbing in Healthy Older Adults: An fNIRS Study. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11010071. [PMID: 33430358 PMCID: PMC7825747 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11010071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Executive function and motor control deficits adversely affect gait performance with age, but the neural correlates underlying this interaction during stair climbing remains unclear. Twenty older adults (72.7 ± 6.9 years) completed single tasks: standing and responding to a response time task (SC), ascending or descending stairs (SMup, SMdown); and a dual-task: responding while ascending or descending stairs (DTup, DTdown). Prefrontal hemodynamic response changes (∆HbO2, ∆HbR) were examined using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), gait speed was measured using in-shoe smart insoles, and vocal response time and accuracy were recorded. Findings revealed increased ∆HbO2 (p = 0.020) and slower response times (p < 0.001) during dual- versus single tasks. ∆HbR (p = 0.549), accuracy (p = 0.135) and gait speed (p = 0.475) were not significantly different between tasks or stair climbing conditions. ∆HbO2 and response time findings suggest that executive processes are less efficient during dual-tasks. These findings, in addition to gait speed and accuracy maintenance, may provide insights into the neural changes that precede performance declines. To capture the subtle differences between stair ascent and descent and extend our understanding of the neural correlates of stair climbing in older adults, future studies should examine more difficult cognitive tasks.
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22
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Rovetti J, Goy H, Nurgitz R, Russo FA. Comparing verbal working memory load in auditory and visual modalities using functional near-infrared spectroscopy. Behav Brain Res 2021; 402:113102. [PMID: 33422594 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2020.113102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/27/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The verbal identity n-back task is commonly used to assess verbal working memory (VWM) capacity. Only three studies have compared brain activation during the n-back when using auditory and visual stimuli. The earliest study, a positron emission tomography study of the 3-back, found no differences in VWM-related brain activation between n-back modalities. In contrast, two subsequent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies of the 2-back found that auditory VWM was associated with greater left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DL-PFC) activation than visual VWM, perhaps suggesting that auditory VWM requires more cognitive effort than its visual counterpart. The current study aimed to assess whether DL-PFC activation (i.e., cognitive effort) differs by VWM modality. To do this, 16 younger adults completed an auditory and visual n-back, both at four levels of VWM load. Concurrently, activation of the PFC was measured using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), a silent neuroimaging method. We found that DL-PFC activation increased with VWM load, but it was not affected by VWM modality or the interaction between load and modality. This supports the view that both VWM modalities require similar cognitive effort, and perhaps that previous fMRI results were an artefact of scanner noise. We also found that, across conditions, DL-PFC activation was positively correlated with reaction time. This may further support DL-PFC activation as an index of cognitive effort, and fNIRS as a method to measure it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Rovetti
- Department of Psychology, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria St, Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada.
| | - Huiwen Goy
- Department of Psychology, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria St, Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada.
| | - Rebecca Nurgitz
- Department of Psychology, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria St, Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada.
| | - Frank A Russo
- Department of Psychology, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria St, Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada.
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Teubner-Rhodes S. Cognitive Persistence and Executive Function in the Multilingual Brain During Aging. Front Psychol 2020; 11:568702. [PMID: 33013606 PMCID: PMC7494780 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.568702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Researchers have debated the extent to which the experience of speaking more than two languages induces long-term neuroplasticity that protects multilinguals from the adverse cognitive effects of aging. In this review, I propose a novel theory that multilingualism affects cognitive persistence, the application of effort to improve performance on challenging tasks. I review recent evidence demonstrating that the cingulo-opercular network, consisting of the bilateral inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) and dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC), supports cognitive persistence. I then show that this same network is involved in multilingual language control and changes with multilingual language experience. While both early and late multilinguals exhibit differences in the cingulo-opercular network compared to monolinguals, I find that early multilinguals have a pattern of decreased dACC activity and increased left IFG activity that may enable more efficient cognitive control, whereas late multilinguals show larger dACC responses to conflict that may be associated with higher cognitive persistence. I further demonstrate that multilingual effects on the cingulo-opercular network are present in older adults and have been implicated in the mitigation of cognitive symptoms in age-related neurodegenerative disorders. Finally, I argue that mixed results in the literature are due, in part, to the confound between cognitive persistence and ability in most executive function tasks, and I provide guidance for separating these processes in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Teubner-Rhodes
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
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24
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Yeung MK, Chan AS. A Systematic Review of the Application of Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy to the Study of Cerebral Hemodynamics in Healthy Aging. Neuropsychol Rev 2020; 31:139-166. [PMID: 32959167 DOI: 10.1007/s11065-020-09455-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Positron emission tomography (PET) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies have shown that healthy aging is associated with functional brain deterioration that preferentially affects the prefrontal cortex. This article reviews the application of an alternative method, functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), to the study of age-related changes in cerebral hemodynamics and factors that influence cerebral hemodynamics in the elderly population. We conducted literature searches in PudMed and PsycINFO, and selected only English original research articles that used fNIRS to study healthy individuals with a mean age of ≥ 55 years. All articles were published in peer-reviewed journals between 1977 and May 2019. We synthesized 114 fNIRS studies examining hemodynamic changes that occurred in the resting state and during the tasks of sensation and perception, motor control, semantic processing, word retrieval, attentional shifting, inhibitory control, memory, and emotion and motivation in healthy older adults. This review, which was not registered in a registry, reveals an age-related reduction in resting-state cerebral oxygenation and connectivity in the prefrontal cortex. It also shows that aging is associated with a reduction in functional hemispheric asymmetry and increased compensatory activity in the frontal lobe across multiple task domains. In addition, this article describes the beneficial effects of healthy lifestyles and the detrimental effects of cardiovascular disease risk factors on brain functioning among nondemented older adults. Limitations of this review include exclusion of gray and non-English literature and lack of meta-analysis. Altogether, the fNIRS literature provides some support for various neurocognitive aging theories derived from task-based PET and fMRI studies. Because fNIRS is relatively motion-tolerant and environmentally unconstrained, it is a promising tool for fostering the development of aging biomarkers and antiaging interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael K Yeung
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, SAR, China.
| | - Agnes S Chan
- Neuropsychology Laboratory, Department of Psychology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T, Hong Kong, SAR, China. .,Chanwuyi Research Center for Neuropsychological Well-being, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China.
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25
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Talamonti D, Montgomery CA, Clark DPA, Bruno D. Age-related prefrontal cortex activation in associative memory: An fNIRS pilot study. Neuroimage 2020; 222:117223. [PMID: 32768627 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.117223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Older adults typically perform more poorly than younger adults in free recall memory tests. This age-related deficit has been linked to decline of brain activation and brain prefrontal lateralization, which may be the result of compensatory mechanisms. In the present pilot study, we investigated the effect of age on prefrontal cortex (PFC) activation during performance of a task that requires memory associations (temporal vs. spatial clustering), using functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS). Ten younger adults, ten cognitively high-performing older individuals, and ten low-performing older individuals completed a free recall task, where either a temporal or spatial strategy (but not both simultaneously) could be employed to retrieve groups of same-category stimuli, whilst changes in PFC hemodynamics were recorded by means of a 12-channel fNIRS system. The results suggest PFC activation, and right lateralization specific to younger adults. Moreover, age did not affect use of memory organization, given that temporal clustering was preferred over spatial clustering in all groups. These findings are in line with previous literature on the aging brain and on temporal organization of memory. Our results also suggest that the PFC may be specifically involved in memory for temporal associations. Future research may consider whether age-related deficits in temporal organization may be an early sign of PFC pathology and possible neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Talamonti
- EPIC Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; School of Psychology, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom.
| | | | - Dan P A Clark
- Department of Psychology, Liverpool Hope University, Liverpool, United Kingdom.
| | - Davide Bruno
- School of Psychology, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom.
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26
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Baik SY, Kim JY, Choi J, Baek JY, Park Y, Kim Y, Jung M, Lee SH. Prefrontal Asymmetry during Cognitive Tasks and its Relationship with Suicide Ideation in Major Depressive Disorder: An fNIRS Study. Diagnostics (Basel) 2019; 9:E193. [PMID: 31731795 PMCID: PMC6963177 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics9040193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Reduced oxygenation changes in the prefrontal cortex during cognitive tasks have been reported in major depressive disorder (MDD). However, prefrontal asymmetry during cognitive tasks and its relation to suicide ideations have been less frequently examined in patients with MDD. This study investigated prefrontal asymmetry and its moderating effect on the relationship between depression severity and suicidal ideation in MDD patients during cognitive tasks. Forty-two patients with MDD and 64 healthy controls (HCs) were assessed for changes in oxygenated and deoxygenated hemoglobin (Hb) in the prefrontal cortex using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) during the verbal fluency task (VFT), Stroop task, and two-back task. Depression, anxiety, and suicide ideation were measured through self-report questionnaires. Relatively smaller left oxy-Hb changes during VFT, but not during the Stroop or two-back tasks, were found in MDD patients compared with HCs. Furthermore, prefrontal asymmetry during VFT moderated the effect of depression severity on suicide ideation, and was significantly and positively correlated with suicide ideation in patients with MDD. Specifically, relatively greater left oxy-Hb changes were associated with greater suicide ideation. These findings suggest fNIRS-measured prefrontal asymmetry as a potential biomarker for MDD and for the assessment of suicidal risk in patients with MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Yeon Baik
- Clinical Emotion and Cognition Research Laboratory, Inje University, Goyang 411-706, Korea; (S.Y.B.)
| | - Jeong-Youn Kim
- Clinical Emotion and Cognition Research Laboratory, Inje University, Goyang 411-706, Korea; (S.Y.B.)
| | | | | | - Yeonsoo Park
- Clinical Emotion and Cognition Research Laboratory, Inje University, Goyang 411-706, Korea; (S.Y.B.)
| | - Yourim Kim
- Clinical Emotion and Cognition Research Laboratory, Inje University, Goyang 411-706, Korea; (S.Y.B.)
| | - Minjee Jung
- Clinical Emotion and Cognition Research Laboratory, Inje University, Goyang 411-706, Korea; (S.Y.B.)
| | - Seung-Hwan Lee
- Clinical Emotion and Cognition Research Laboratory, Inje University, Goyang 411-706, Korea; (S.Y.B.)
- Department of Psychiatry, Inje University, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Goyang 411-706, Korea
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27
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Wang Q, Zhu GP, Yi L, Cui XX, Wang H, Wei RY, Hu BL. A Review of Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Studies of Motor and Cognitive Function in Preterm Infants. Neurosci Bull 2019; 36:321-329. [PMID: 31713716 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-019-00441-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Preterm infants are vulnerable to brain injuries, and have a greater chance of experiencing neurodevelopmental disorders throughout development. Early screening for motor and cognitive functions is critical to assessing the developmental trajectory in preterm infants, especially those who may have motor or cognitive deficits. The brain imaging technology functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is a portable and low-cost method of assessing cerebral hemodynamics, making it suitable for large-scale use even in remote and underdeveloped areas. In this article, we review peer-reviewed, scientific fNIRS studies of motor performance, speech perception, and facial recognition in preterm infants. fNIRS provides a link between hemodynamic activity and the development of brain functions in preterm infants. Research using fNIRS has shown different patterns of hemoglobin change during some behavioral tasks in early infancy. fNIRS helps to promote our understanding of the developmental mechanisms of brain function in preterm infants when performing motor or cognitive tasks in a less-restricted environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Spectral Imaging Technology, Xi'an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, 710119, China.
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Spectroscopy of Xi'an, Xi'an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, 710119, China.
- Child Study Center, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA.
| | - Guang-Pu Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Spectral Imaging Technology, Xi'an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, 710119, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Spectroscopy of Xi'an, Xi'an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Li Yi
- School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences and Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Xin-Xin Cui
- Key Laboratory of Spectral Imaging Technology, Xi'an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, 710119, China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Spectroscopy of Xi'an, Xi'an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Spectral Imaging Technology, Xi'an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, 710119, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Spectroscopy of Xi'an, Xi'an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Ru-Yi Wei
- Key Laboratory of Spectral Imaging Technology, Xi'an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Bing-Liang Hu
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Spectroscopy of Xi'an, Xi'an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, 710119, China.
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Corticomotor excitability reduction induced by experimental pain remains unaffected by performing a working memory task as compared to staying at rest. Exp Brain Res 2019; 237:2205-2215. [DOI: 10.1007/s00221-019-05587-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Ghosh L, Konar A, Rakshit P, Nagar AK. Hemodynamic Analysis for Cognitive Load Assessment and Classification in Motor Learning Tasks Using Type-2 Fuzzy Sets. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON EMERGING TOPICS IN COMPUTATIONAL INTELLIGENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.1109/tetci.2018.2868323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Influences of age, mental workload, and flight experience on cognitive performance and prefrontal activity in private pilots: a fNIRS study. Sci Rep 2019; 9:7688. [PMID: 31118436 PMCID: PMC6531547 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-44082-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of aging on cognitive performance must be better understood, especially to protect older individuals who are engaged in risky activities (e.g. aviation). Current literature on executive functions suggests that brain compensatory mechanisms may counter cognitive deterioration due to aging, at least up to certain task load levels. The present study assesses this hypothesis in private pilots engaged in two executive tasks from the standardized CANTAB battery, namely Spatial Working Memory (SWM) and One Touch Stockings of Cambridge (OTS). Sixty-one pilots from three age groups (young, middle-aged, older) performed these two tasks from low to very high difficulty levels, beyond those reported in previous aging studies. A fNIRS headband measured changes in oxyhemoglobin (HbO2) in the prefrontal cortex. Results confirmed an overall effect of the difficulty level in the three age groups, with a decline in task performance and an increase in prefrontal HbO2 signal. Performance of older relative to younger pilots was impaired in both tasks, with the greatest impairment observed for the highest-load Spatial Working Memory task. Consistent with this behavioral deficit in older pilots, a plateau of prefrontal activity was observed at this highest-load level, suggesting that a ceiling in neural resources was reached. When behavioral performance was either equivalent between age groups or only slightly impaired in the older group, there were not any age-related differences in prefrontal activity. Finally, older pilots with extensive flying experience tend to show better preserved spatial working memory performance when compared to mildly-experienced of the same age group. The present findings are discussed in the frames of HAROLD and CRUNCH theoretical models of cognitive and neural aging, evoking the possibility that piloting expertise may contribute to preserve executive functions throughout adulthood.
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31
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Agbangla NF, Audiffren M, Pylouster J, Albinet CT. Working Memory, Cognitive Load andCardiorespiratory Fitness: Testing the CRUNCHModel with Near-Infrared Spectroscopy. Brain Sci 2019; 9:brainsci9020038. [PMID: 30744137 PMCID: PMC6406418 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci9020038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to examine the effects of chronological age and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) on cognitive performance and prefrontal cortex activity, and to test the compensation-related utilization of neural circuits hypothesis (CRUNCH). A total of 19 young adults (18–22 years) and 37 older ones (60–77 years) with a high or low CRF level were recruited to perform a working memory updating task under three different cognitive load conditions. Prefrontal cortex hemodynamic responses were continuously recorded using functional near-infrared spectroscopy, and behavioral performances and perceived difficulty were measured. Results showed that chronological age had deleterious effects on both cognitive performance and prefrontal cortex activation under a higher cognitive load. In older adults, however, higher levels of CRF were related to increased bilateral prefrontal cortex activation patterns that allowed them to sustain better cognitive performances, especially under the highest cognitive load. These results are discussed in the light of the neurocognitive CRUNCH model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nounagnon Frutueux Agbangla
- Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition et l'Apprentissage (UMR 7295), Université de Poitiers and Université François-Rabelais de Tours, 86073 Poitiers CEDEX 9, France.
- Atelier SHERPAS - Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Sport Santé Société (EA 7369), Université d'Artois, 62800 Liévin, France.
| | - Michel Audiffren
- Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition et l'Apprentissage (UMR 7295), Université de Poitiers and Université François-Rabelais de Tours, 86073 Poitiers CEDEX 9, France.
| | - Jean Pylouster
- Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition et l'Apprentissage (UMR 7295), Université de Poitiers and Université François-Rabelais de Tours, 86073 Poitiers CEDEX 9, France.
| | - Cédric T Albinet
- Laboratoire Sciences de la Cognition, Technologie, Ergonomie (SCoTE ⁻ EA 7420), Université de Toulouse, INU Champollion, 81012 Albi, France.
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Rovetti J, Goy H, Pichora-Fuller MK, Russo FA. Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy as a Measure of Listening Effort in Older Adults Who Use Hearing Aids. Trends Hear 2019; 23:2331216519886722. [PMID: 31722613 PMCID: PMC6856975 DOI: 10.1177/2331216519886722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Listening effort may be reduced when hearing aids improve access to the acoustic signal. However, this possibility is difficult to evaluate because many neuroimaging methods used to measure listening effort are incompatible with hearing aid use. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), which can be used to measure the concentration of oxygen in the prefrontal cortex (PFC), appears to be well-suited to this application. The first aim of this study was to establish whether fNIRS could measure cognitive effort during listening in older adults who use hearing aids. The second aim was to use fNIRS to determine if listening effort, a form of cognitive effort, differed depending on whether or not hearing aids were used when listening to sound presented at 35 dB SL (flat gain). Sixteen older adults who were experienced hearing aid users completed an auditory n-back task and a visual n-back task; both tasks were completed with and without hearing aids. We found that PFC oxygenation increased with n-back working memory demand in both modalities, supporting the use of fNIRS to measure cognitive effort during listening in this population. PFC oxygenation was weakly and nonsignificantly correlated with self-reported listening effort and reaction time, respectively, suggesting that PFC oxygenation assesses a dimension of listening effort that differs from these other measures. Furthermore, the extent to which hearing aids reduced PFC oxygenation in the left lateral PFC was positively correlated with age and pure-tone average thresholds. The implications of these findings as well as future directions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Rovetti
- Department of Psychology, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON,
Canada
| | - Huiwen Goy
- Department of Psychology, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON,
Canada
| | | | - Frank A. Russo
- Department of Psychology, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON,
Canada
- Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, ON, Canada
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White N, Flannery L, McClintock A, Machado L. Repeated computerized cognitive testing: Performance shifts and test–retest reliability in healthy older adults. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 2018; 41:179-191. [DOI: 10.1080/13803395.2018.1526888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Naomi White
- Department of Psychology and Brain Health Research Centre, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Brain Research New Zealand, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Larnee Flannery
- Department of Psychology and Brain Health Research Centre, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Alice McClintock
- Department of Psychology and Brain Health Research Centre, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Liana Machado
- Department of Psychology and Brain Health Research Centre, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Brain Research New Zealand, Dunedin, New Zealand
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34
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Keshmiri S, Sumioka H, Yamazaki R, Ishiguro H. Differential Entropy Preserves Variational Information of Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Time Series Associated With Working Memory. Front Neuroinform 2018; 12:33. [PMID: 29922144 PMCID: PMC5996097 DOI: 10.3389/fninf.2018.00033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroscience research shows a growing interest in the application of Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) in analysis and decoding of the brain activity of human subjects. Given the correlation that is observed between the Blood Oxygen Dependent Level (BOLD) responses that are exhibited by the time series data of functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) and the hemoglobin oxy/deoxy-genation that is captured by NIRS, linear models play a central role in these applications. This, in turn, results in adaptation of the feature extraction strategies that are well-suited for discretization of data that exhibit a high degree of linearity, namely, slope and the mean as well as their combination, to summarize the informational contents of the NIRS time series. In this article, we demonstrate that these features are inefficient in capturing the variational information of NIRS data, limiting the reliability and the adequacy of the conclusion on their results. Alternatively, we propose the linear estimate of differential entropy of these time series as a natural representation of such information. We provide evidence for our claim through comparative analysis of the application of these features on NIRS data pertinent to several working memory tasks as well as naturalistic conversational stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soheil Keshmiri
- Hiroshi Ishiguro Laboratories, Advanced Telecommunications Research Institute International, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hidenubo Sumioka
- Hiroshi Ishiguro Laboratories, Advanced Telecommunications Research Institute International, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ryuji Yamazaki
- School of Social Sciences, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ishiguro
- Hiroshi Ishiguro Laboratories, Advanced Telecommunications Research Institute International, Kyoto, Japan
- Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
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35
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Anderson AA, Parsa K, Geiger S, Zaragoza R, Kermanian R, Miguel H, Dashtestani H, Chowdhry FA, Smith E, Aram S, Gandjbakhche AH. Exploring the role of task performance and learning style on prefrontal hemodynamics during a working memory task. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0198257. [PMID: 29870536 PMCID: PMC5988299 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0198257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Existing literature outlines the quality and location of activation in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) during working memory (WM) tasks. However, the effects of individual differences on the underlying neural process of WM tasks are still unclear. In this functional near infrared spectroscopy study, we administered a visual and auditory n-back task to examine activation in the PFC while considering the influences of task performance, and preferred learning strategy (VARK score). While controlling for age, results indicated that high performance (HP) subjects (accuracy > 90%) showed task dependent lower activation compared to normal performance subjects in PFC region Specifically HP groups showed lower activation in left dorsolateral PFC (DLPFC) region during performance of auditory task whereas during visual task they showed lower activation in the right DLPFC. After accounting for learning style, we found a correlation between visual and aural VARK score and level of activation in the PFC. Subjects with higher visual VARK scores displayed lower activation during auditory task in left DLPFC, while those with higher visual scores exhibited higher activation during visual task in bilateral DLPFC. During performance of auditory task, HP subjects had higher visual VARK scores compared to NP subjects indicating an effect of learning style on the task performance and activation. The results of this study show that learning style and task performance can influence PFC activation, with applications toward neurological implications of learning style and populations with deficits in auditory or visual processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afrouz A. Anderson
- National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Kian Parsa
- National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Sydney Geiger
- St. Olaf College, Northfield, MN, United States of America
| | - Rachel Zaragoza
- National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Riley Kermanian
- National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Helga Miguel
- National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Hadis Dashtestani
- National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Fatima A. Chowdhry
- National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth Smith
- National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Siamak Aram
- Analytics Department, Harrisburg University of Science and Technology, Harrisburg, PA, United States of America
| | - Amir H. Gandjbakhche
- National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Kim IS, Millin NJ, Hwang J. Word Retrieval by Verbal Fluency Tasks for Young and Old People: An fNIR Study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.21849/cacd.2018.00318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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37
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Esteves M, Magalhães R, Marques P, Castanho TC, Portugal-Nunes C, Soares JM, Almeida A, Santos NC, Sousa N, Leite-Almeida H. Functional Hemispheric (A)symmetries in the Aged Brain-Relevance for Working Memory. Front Aging Neurosci 2018; 10:58. [PMID: 29593523 PMCID: PMC5857603 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2018.00058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional hemispheric asymmetries have been described in different cognitive processes, such as decision-making and motivation. Variations in the pattern of left/right activity have been associated with normal brain functioning, and with neuropsychiatric diseases. Such asymmetries in brain activity evolve throughout life and are thought to decrease with aging, but clear associations with cognitive function have never been established. Herein, we assessed functional laterality during a working memory task (N-Back) in a healthy aging cohort (over 50 years old) and associated these asymmetries with performance in the test. Activity of lobule VI of the cerebellar hemisphere and angular gyrus was found to be lateralized to the right hemisphere, while the precentral gyrus presented left > right activation during this task. Interestingly, 1-Back accuracy was positively correlated with left > right superior parietal lobule activation, which was mostly due to the influence of the left hemisphere. In conclusion, although regions were mostly symmetrically activated during the N-Back task, performance in working memory in aged individuals seems to benefit from lateralized involvement of the superior parietal lobule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madalena Esteves
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Portugal.,Clinical Academic Center - Braga, Braga, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Magalhães
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Portugal.,Clinical Academic Center - Braga, Braga, Portugal
| | - Paulo Marques
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Portugal.,Clinical Academic Center - Braga, Braga, Portugal
| | - Teresa C Castanho
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Portugal.,Clinical Academic Center - Braga, Braga, Portugal
| | - Carlos Portugal-Nunes
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Portugal.,Clinical Academic Center - Braga, Braga, Portugal
| | - José M Soares
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Portugal.,Clinical Academic Center - Braga, Braga, Portugal
| | - Armando Almeida
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Portugal.,Clinical Academic Center - Braga, Braga, Portugal
| | - Nadine C Santos
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Portugal.,Clinical Academic Center - Braga, Braga, Portugal
| | - Nuno Sousa
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Portugal.,Clinical Academic Center - Braga, Braga, Portugal
| | - Hugo Leite-Almeida
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Portugal.,Clinical Academic Center - Braga, Braga, Portugal
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Vasta R, Cutini S, Cerasa A, Gramigna V, Olivadese G, Arabia G, Quattrone A. Physiological Aging Influence on Brain Hemodynamic Activity during Task-Switching: A fNIRS Study. Front Aging Neurosci 2018; 9:433. [PMID: 29375363 PMCID: PMC5767724 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2017.00433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Task-switching (TS) paradigm is a well-known validated tool useful for exploring the neural substrates of cognitive control, in particular the activity of the lateral and medial prefrontal cortex. This work is aimed at investigating how physiological aging influences hemodynamic response during the execution of a color-shape TS paradigm. A multi-channel near infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) was used to measure hemodynamic activity in 27 young (30.00 ± 7.90 years) and 11 elderly participants (57.18 ± 9.29 years) healthy volunteers (55% male, age range: (19-69) years) during the execution of a TS paradigm. Two holders were placed symmetrically over the left/right hemispheres to record cortical activity [oxy-(HbO) and deoxy-hemoglobin (HbR) concentration] of the dorso-lateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), the dorsal premotor cortex (PMC), and the dorso-medial part of the superior frontal gyrus (sFG). TS paradigm requires participants to repeat the same task over a variable number of trials, and then to switch to a different task during the trial sequence. A two-sample t-test was carried out to detect differences in cortical responses between groups. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to evaluate the impact of age on the prefrontal neural activity. Elderly participants were significantly slower than young participants in both color- (p < 0.01, t = -3.67) and shape-single tasks (p = 0.026, t = -2.54) as well as switching (p = 0.026, t = -2.41) and repetition trials (p = 0.012, t = -2.80). Differences in cortical activation between groups were revealed for HbO mean concentration of switching task in the PMC (p = 0.048, t = 2.94). In the whole group, significant increases of behavioral performance were detected in switching trials, which positively correlated with aging. Multivariate regression analysis revealed that the HbO mean concentration of switching task in the PMC (p = 0.01, β = -0.321) and of shape single-task in the sFG (p = 0.003, β = 0.342) were the best predictors of age effects. Our findings demonstrated that TS might be a reliable instrument to gather a measure of cognitive resources in older people. Moreover, the fNIRS-related brain activity extracted from frontoparietal cortex might become a useful indicator of aging effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Vasta
- Neuroscience Research Center, University Magna Graecia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Simone Cutini
- Department of Developmental Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Antonio Cerasa
- Institute of Bioimaging and Molecular Physiology, Neuroimaging Research Center, Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche (CNR), Catanzaro, Italy.,Institute S. Anna, Research in Advanced Neurorehabilitation, Crotone, Italy
| | - Vera Gramigna
- Neuroscience Research Center, University Magna Graecia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Olivadese
- Institute of Bioimaging and Molecular Physiology, Neuroimaging Research Center, Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche (CNR), Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Gennarina Arabia
- Institute S. Anna, Research in Advanced Neurorehabilitation, Crotone, Italy
| | - Aldo Quattrone
- Neuroscience Research Center, University Magna Graecia, Catanzaro, Italy.,Institute of Bioimaging and Molecular Physiology, Neuroimaging Research Center, Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche (CNR), Catanzaro, Italy.,Institute of Neurology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Magna Graecia, Catanzaro, Italy
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Huppert TJ, Karim H, Lin CC, Alqahtani BA, Greenspan SL, Sparto PJ. Functional imaging of cognition in an old-old population: A case for portable functional near-infrared spectroscopy. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0184918. [PMID: 29023452 PMCID: PMC5638236 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0184918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) was used to record brain activation during cognitive testing in older individuals (88±6yo; N = 19) living in residential care communities. This population, which is often associated with loss of personal independence due to physical or cognitive decline associated with aging, is also often under-represented in neuroscience research because of a limited means to participate in studies which often take place in large urban or university centers. In this study, we demonstrate the feasibility and initial results using a portable 8-source by 4-detector fNIRS system to measure brain activity from participants within residential care community centers. Using fNIRS, brain signals were recorded during a series of computerized cognitive tests, including a Symbol Digit Coding test (SDC), Stroop Test (ST), and Shifting Attention Test (SAT). The SDC and SAT elicited greater activity in the left middle frontal region of interest. Three components of the ST produced increases in the right middle frontal and superior frontal, and left superior frontal regions. An association between advanced age and increased activation in the right middle frontal region was observed during the incongruent ST. Although none of the participants had clinical dementia based on the short portable mental status questionnaire, the group performance was slightly below age-normed values on these cognitive tests. These results demonstrate the capability for obtaining functional neuroimaging measures in residential settings, which ultimately may aid in prognosis and care related to dementia in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodore J. Huppert
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Helmet Karim
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Chia-Cheng Lin
- Department of Physical Therapy, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Bader A. Alqahtani
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Susan L. Greenspan
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Patrick J. Sparto
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
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Agbangla NF, Audiffren M, Albinet CT. Use of near-infrared spectroscopy in the investigation of brain activation during cognitive aging: A systematic review of an emerging area of research. Ageing Res Rev 2017; 38:52-66. [PMID: 28755870 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2017.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Revised: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The cognitive neuroscience of aging is a growing and stimulating research area. The development of neuroimaging techniques in the past two decades has considerably increased our understanding of the brain mechanisms that might underlie cognitive performance and resulting changes due to normal aging. Beside traditional metabolic neuroimaging techniques, such as Positron Emission Tomography and functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging, near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), an optical imaging technique allowing to monitor real-time cerebral blood oxygenation, has gained recent interest in this field. The aim of the present review paper, after briefly presenting the NIRS technique, is to review and to summarize the recent results of neuroimaging studies using this technique in the field of cognitive aging. The reviewed literature shows that, despite low spatial resolution and cerebral depth penetration, this technique provides consistent findings on the reduced hemodynamic activity as a function of chronological age, mainly in the prefrontal cortex. Important moderators of brain hemodynamics, such as cognitive load, subjects' characteristics and experimental conditions, for which the NIRS technique is sensitive, are discussed. Strengths and weaknesses of functional NIRS in the field of cognitive aging are presented and finally, novel perspectives of research are proposed.
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Modulating perceptual complexity and load reveals degradation of the visual working memory network in ageing. Neuroimage 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Chaparro G, Balto JM, Sandroff BM, Holtzer R, Izzetoglu M, Motl RW, Hernandez ME. Frontal brain activation changes due to dual-tasking under partial body weight support conditions in older adults with multiple sclerosis. J Neuroeng Rehabil 2017; 14:65. [PMID: 28662727 PMCID: PMC5493004 DOI: 10.1186/s12984-017-0280-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Gait impairments present while dual-tasking in older adults with multiple sclerosis (MS) have been associated with an increased risk of falls. Prior studies have examined prefrontal cortex (PFC) activity using functional near infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) while dual-tasking in older adults with and without cognitive impairment. While the benefits of partial body weight support (PBWS) on gait have been clearly outlined in the literature, the potential use of PBWS to improve the ability to dual task in older adults with and without MS has not been examined. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of PBWS on the PFC activation while dual-tasking in older adults with and without MS. Methods Ten individuals with MS (mean 56.2 ± 5.1 yrs., 8 females) and 12 healthy older adults (HOA) (mean 63.1 ± 4.4 yrs., 9 females) participated in this study. PFC activation (i.e., oxygenated hemoglobin-HbO2) was measured using fNIRS. Assessments were done under two treadmill walking conditions: no body weight support (NBWS) and PBWS. Under each condition, participants were asked to walk at a comfortable speed (W) or walk and talk (WT). Linear mixed models were used to test for differences between cohorts, conditions, and tasks. Results HbO2 levels differed significantly between task (p < .001), cohort (p < .001), and BWS (p = .02). HbO2 levels increased under higher cognitive demands (i.e., W vs WT), in individuals with MS, and under different conditions (i.e., NBWS vs PBWS). Post-hoc analysis demonstrated a significant difference between cohorts during the WT and NBWS condition (p = .05). When examining the relative change in HbO2 levels during each task, a significant interaction between task, BWS, and cohort across time was observed (p < 0.01). While HOA increased PFC activation across time, MS exhibited a maintenance of PFC activation patterns during the WT under PBWS condition. Conclusions This study establishes the potential impact of PBWS on PFC activation patterns under dual-tasking conditions and sheds light on the ability for PBWS to be used as a therapeutic tool in individuals with neurological conditions to decrease cognitive demands while dual-tasking and thus decrease the risk of falls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gioella Chaparro
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA
| | - Julia M Balto
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA
| | - Brian M Sandroff
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Roee Holtzer
- Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.,Ferkauf Graduate School of Psychology, Yeshiva University, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Meltem Izzetoglu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Robert W Motl
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Manuel E Hernandez
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA. .,Present address: University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 209 Louise Freer Hall, 906 S. Goodwin Avenue, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
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Halliday DWR, Hundza SR, Garcia-Barrera MA, Klimstra M, Commandeur D, Lukyn TV, Stawski RS, MacDonald SWS. Comparing executive function, evoked hemodynamic response, and gait as predictors of variations in mobility for older adults. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 2017; 40:151-160. [PMID: 28565933 DOI: 10.1080/13803395.2017.1325453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Falls represent a major concern for older adults and may serve as clinically salient index events for those presenting in the prodromal stages of mild cognitive impairment. Declines in executive function performance and in gait consistency have shown promise in predicting fall risk; however, associated neurophysiological underpinnings have received less attention. In this study, we used a multimodal approach to assess fall risk in a group of older adults with and without a previous fall history. METHOD Processing speed, inductive reasoning, verbal fluency, crystallized ability, episodic memory, and executive functioning were assessed using standardized neuropsychological tests. Cognitive interference was assessed using the Multi-Source Interference Task. Spatiotemporal gait parameters were assessed with and without cognitive load using a 6.4-m instrumented walkway. Hemodynamic responses were measured using functional near-infrared spectroscopy. RESULTS Whereas no group differences were observed in cognitive behavioral performance, during a cognitive interference task fallers displayed more oxygenated hemoglobin across the prefrontal cortex than nonfallers, suggesting that engaging in the cognitive task was more effortful for them overall, therefore eliciting greater cortical activation. Between-group differences in spatial as well as temporal gait parameters were also observed. CONCLUSIONS These results are in keeping with assertions that diminished executive control is related to fall risk. Notably, the group differences observed in prefrontal cortical activation and in gait parameters may ultimately precede those observed in cognitive behavioral performance, with implications for measurement sensitivity and early identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Drew W R Halliday
- a Department of Psychology , University of Victoria , Victoria , BC , Canada.,c Institute of Aging and Lifelong Health , University of Victoria , Victoria , BC , Canada
| | - Sandra R Hundza
- b School of Exercise Science, Physical and Health Education , University of Victoria , Victoria , BC , Canada.,c Institute of Aging and Lifelong Health , University of Victoria , Victoria , BC , Canada
| | - Mauricio A Garcia-Barrera
- a Department of Psychology , University of Victoria , Victoria , BC , Canada.,c Institute of Aging and Lifelong Health , University of Victoria , Victoria , BC , Canada
| | - Marc Klimstra
- b School of Exercise Science, Physical and Health Education , University of Victoria , Victoria , BC , Canada
| | - Drew Commandeur
- b School of Exercise Science, Physical and Health Education , University of Victoria , Victoria , BC , Canada
| | - Timothy V Lukyn
- a Department of Psychology , University of Victoria , Victoria , BC , Canada
| | - Robert S Stawski
- d School of Social and Behavioral Health Sciences , Oregon State University , Corvallis , OR , USA
| | - Stuart W S MacDonald
- a Department of Psychology , University of Victoria , Victoria , BC , Canada.,c Institute of Aging and Lifelong Health , University of Victoria , Victoria , BC , Canada
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Chen M, Blumen HM, Izzetoglu M, Holtzer R. Spatial Coregistration of Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy to Brain MRI. J Neuroimaging 2017; 27:453-460. [PMID: 28266747 DOI: 10.1111/jon.12432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Revised: 12/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Traditional neuroimaging techniques restrict movement and make it difficult to study the processes that require oral, upper limb, or lower limb motor execution. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is an optical neuroimaging modality that measures brain oxygenation and permits movement during data acquisition. A key limitation of fNIRS, however, is the lack of a standard method to coregister quantitative fNIRS measurements to structural images such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Additionally, fNIRS-MRI coregistration studies have not been reported in older adults. METHODS fNIRS and structural MRI were acquired from 30 nondemented older adults. Sixteen fNIRS channels that assess hemodynamic changes in the prefrontal cortex (PFC; an area crucial in various age-related processes) were coregistered to structural MRI. Vitamin E capsules were used to mark the locations of fNIRS detectors and light sources on the scalp. We used the balloon-inflation algorithm to project fNIRS channel locations on the scalp to underlying cortical surface. RESULTS We provide coordinates for the 16 fNIRS channels in the PFC on the cortical surface in both MNI and Talairach spaces, with minimal variability that is within the spatial resolution of our fNIRS system. CONCLUSIONS Our study provides useful spatial information for stand-alone fNIRS data in future studies, particularly investigations in age-related processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Chen
- Ferkauf Graduate School of Psychology, Yeshiva University, Bronx, NY
| | - Helena M Blumen
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Yeshiva University, Bronx, NY
| | - Meltem Izzetoglu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science; and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Roee Holtzer
- Ferkauf Graduate School of Psychology, Yeshiva University, Bronx, NY.,Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Yeshiva University, Bronx, NY
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Vermeij A, Kessels RPC, Heskamp L, Simons EMF, Dautzenberg PLJ, Claassen JAHR. Prefrontal activation may predict working-memory training gain in normal aging and mild cognitive impairment. Brain Imaging Behav 2017; 11:141-154. [PMID: 26843001 PMCID: PMC5415588 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-016-9508-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive training has been shown to result in improved behavioral performance in normal aging and mild cognitive impairment (MCI), yet little is known about the neural correlates of cognitive plasticity, or about individual differences in responsiveness to cognitive training. In this study, 21 healthy older adults and 14 patients with MCI received five weeks of adaptive computerized working-memory (WM) training. Before and after training, functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) was used to assess the hemodynamic response in left and right prefrontal cortex during performance of a verbal n-back task with varying levels of WM load. After training, healthy older adults demonstrated decreased prefrontal activation at high WM load, which may indicate increased processing efficiency. Although MCI patients showed improved behavioral performance at low WM load after training, no evidence was found for training-related changes in prefrontal activation. Whole-group analyses showed that a relatively strong hemodynamic response at low WM load was related to worse behavioral performance, while a relatively strong hemodynamic response at high WM load was related to higher training gain. Therefore, a 'youth-like' prefrontal activation pattern at older age may be associated with better behavioral outcome and cognitive plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anouk Vermeij
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Route 925, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Roy P C Kessels
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Psychology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Linda Heskamp
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Route 925, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Esther M F Simons
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Route 925, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Paul L J Dautzenberg
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands
| | - Jurgen A H R Claassen
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Route 925, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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Decroix L, Tonoli C, Soares DD, Tagougui S, Heyman E, Meeusen R. Acute cocoa flavanol improves cerebral oxygenation without enhancing executive function at rest or after exercise. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2016; 41:1225-1232. [DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2016-0245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Acute exercise-induced improvements in cognitive function are accompanied by increased (cerebral) blood flow and increased brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels. Acute cocoa flavanol (CF) intake may improve cognitive function, cerebral blood flow (in humans), and BNDF levels (in animals). This study investigated (i) the effect of CF intake in combination with exercise on cognitive function and (ii) cerebral hemodynamics and BDNF in response to CF intake and exercise. Twelve healthy men participated in this randomized, double-blind, crossover study. Participants performed a cognitive task (CT) at 100 min after acute 903-mg CF or placebo (PL) intake, followed by a 30-min time-trial. Immediately after this exercise, the same CT was performed. Prefrontal near-infrared spectroscopy was applied during CT and exercise to measure changes in oxygenated (ΔHbO2), deoxygenated (ΔHHb), and total haemoglobin (ΔHbtot) and blood samples were drawn and analyzed for BDNF. Reaction time was faster postexercise, but was not influenced by CF. ΔHbO2 during the resting CT was increased by CF, compared with PL. ΔHbO2, ΔHHb, and ΔHbtot increased in response to exercise without any effect of CF. During the postexercise cognitive task, there were no hemodynamic differences between CF or PL. Serum BDNF was increased by exercise, but was not influenced by CF. In conclusion, at rest, CF intake increased cerebral oxygenation, but not BDNF concentrations, and no impact on executive function was detected. This beneficial effect of CF on cerebral oxygenation at rest was overruled by the strong exercise-induced increases in cerebral perfusion and oxygenation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lieselot Decroix
- Department of Human Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Physical Therapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Cajsa Tonoli
- Department of Human Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Physical Therapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Physical Activity, Muscle and Health, Faculty of Sport Science and Physical Education, Université de droit et de la santé Lille 2, France
| | - Danusa D. Soares
- Department of Physical Education, University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Semah Tagougui
- Department of Physical Activity, Muscle and Health, Faculty of Sport Science and Physical Education, Université de droit et de la santé Lille 2, France
| | - Elsa Heyman
- Department of Physical Activity, Muscle and Health, Faculty of Sport Science and Physical Education, Université de droit et de la santé Lille 2, France
| | - Romain Meeusen
- Department of Human Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Physical Therapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- School of Public Health, Tropical Medicine and Rehabilitation Sciences, James Cook University, Queensland, Australia
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Kamiya K, Narita N, Iwaki S. Improved Prefrontal Activity and Chewing Performance as Function of Wearing Denture in Partially Edentulous Elderly Individuals: Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Study. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0158070. [PMID: 27362255 PMCID: PMC4928845 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0158070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to elucidate the effects of wearing a denture on prefrontal activity during chewing performance. We specifically examined that activity in 12 elderly edentulous subjects [63.1±6.1 years old (mean ± SD)] and 12 young healthy controls (22.1±2.3 years old) using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) in order to evaluate the quality of prefrontal functionality during chewing performance under the conditions of wearing a denture and tooth loss, and then compared the findings with those of young healthy controls. fNIRS and electromyography were used simultaneously to detect prefrontal and masticatory muscle activities during chewing, while occlusal force and masticatory score were also examined by use of a food intake questionnaire. A significant increase in prefrontal activity was observed during chewing while wearing a denture, which was accompanied by increased masticatory muscle activity, occlusal force, and masticatory score, as compared with the tooth loss condition. Prefrontal activation during chewing while wearing a denture in the elderly subjects was not much different from that in the young controls. In contrast, tooth loss in the elderly group resulted in marked prefrontal deactivation, accompanied by decreased masticatory muscle activity, occlusal force, and masticatory score, as compared with the young controls. We concluded that intrinsic prefrontal activation during chewing with a denture may prevent prefrontal depression induced by tooth loss in elderly edentulous patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazunobu Kamiya
- Department of Removable Prosthodontics, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Chiba, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Narita
- Department of Removable Prosthodontics, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Chiba, Japan
| | - Sunao Iwaki
- Automotive Human Factors Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba Central 6, Ibaraki, Japan
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Jeong E, Ryu H. Melodic Contour Identification Reflects the Cognitive Threshold of Aging. Front Aging Neurosci 2016; 8:134. [PMID: 27378907 PMCID: PMC4904015 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2016.00134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Cognitive decline is a natural phenomenon of aging. Although there exists a consensus that sensitivity to acoustic features of music is associated with such decline, no solid evidence has yet shown that structural elements and contexts of music explain this loss of cognitive performance. This study examined the extent and the type of cognitive decline that is related to the contour identification task (CIT) using tones with different pitches (i.e., melodic contours). Both younger and older adult groups participated in the CIT given in three listening conditions (i.e., focused, selective, and alternating). Behavioral data (accuracy and response times) and hemodynamic reactions were measured using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). Our findings showed cognitive declines in the older adult group but with a subtle difference from the younger adult group. The accuracy of the melodic CITs given in the target-like distraction task (CIT2) was significantly lower than that in the environmental noise (CIT1) condition in the older adult group, indicating that CIT2 may be a benchmark test for age-specific cognitive decline. The fNIRS findings also agreed with this interpretation, revealing significant increases in oxygenated hemoglobin (oxyHb) concentration in the younger (p < 0.05 for Δpre - on task; p < 0.01 for Δon – post task) rather than the older adult group (n.s for Δpre - on task; n.s for Δon – post task). We further concluded that the oxyHb difference was present in the brain regions near the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Taken together, these findings suggest that CIT2 (i.e., the melodic contour task in the target-like distraction) is an optimized task that could indicate the degree and type of age-related cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunju Jeong
- Department of Arts and Technology, Hanyang University Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hokyoung Ryu
- Department of Arts and Technology, Hanyang University Seoul, South Korea
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Frtusova JB, Phillips NA. The Auditory-Visual Speech Benefit on Working Memory in Older Adults with Hearing Impairment. Front Psychol 2016; 7:490. [PMID: 27148106 PMCID: PMC4828631 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2015] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examined the effect of auditory-visual (AV) speech stimuli on working memory in older adults with poorer-hearing (PH) in comparison to age- and education-matched older adults with better hearing (BH). Participants completed a working memory n-back task (0- to 2-back) in which sequences of digits were presented in visual-only (i.e., speech-reading), auditory-only (A-only), and AV conditions. Auditory event-related potentials (ERP) were collected to assess the relationship between perceptual and working memory processing. The behavioral results showed that both groups were faster in the AV condition in comparison to the unisensory conditions. The ERP data showed perceptual facilitation in the AV condition, in the form of reduced amplitudes and latencies of the auditory N1 and/or P1 components, in the PH group. Furthermore, a working memory ERP component, the P3, peaked earlier for both groups in the AV condition compared to the A-only condition. In general, the PH group showed a more robust AV benefit; however, the BH group showed a dose-response relationship between perceptual facilitation and working memory improvement, especially for facilitation of processing speed. Two measures, reaction time and P3 amplitude, suggested that the presence of visual speech cues may have helped the PH group to counteract the demanding auditory processing, to the level that no group differences were evident during the AV modality despite lower performance during the A-only condition. Overall, this study provides support for the theory of an integrated perceptual-cognitive system. The practical significance of these findings is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Natalie A. Phillips
- Cognition, Aging, and Psychophysiology Lab, Department of Psychology, Concordia UniversityMontreal, QC, Canada
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The association between aerobic fitness and cognitive function in older men mediated by frontal lateralization. Neuroimage 2015; 125:291-300. [PMID: 26439424 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.09.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Revised: 09/05/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that higher aerobic fitness is related to higher cognitive function and higher task-related prefrontal activation in older adults. However, a holistic picture of these factors has yet to be presented. As a typical age-related change of brain activation, less lateralized activity in the prefrontal cortex during cognitive tasks has been observed in various neuroimaging studies. Thus, this study aimed to reveal the relationship between aerobic fitness, cognitive function, and frontal lateralization. Sixty male older adults each performed a submaximal incremental exercise test to determine their oxygen intake (V·O2) at ventilatory threshold (VT) in order to index their aerobic fitness. They performed a color-word Stroop task while prefrontal activation was monitored using functional near infrared spectroscopy. As an index of cognitive function, Stroop interference time was analyzed. Partial correlation analyses revealed significant correlations among higher VT, shorter Stroop interference time and greater left-lateralized dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) activation when adjusting for education. Moreover, mediation analyses showed that left-lateralized DLPFC activation significantly mediated the association between VT and Stroop interference time. These results suggest that higher aerobic fitness is associated with cognitive function via lateralized frontal activation in older adults.
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