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Dzubanova M, Benova A, Ferencakova M, Coupeau R, Tencerova M. Nutrition and Bone Marrow Adiposity in Relation to Bone Health. Physiol Res 2024; 73:S107-S138. [PMID: 38752771 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.935293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Bone remodeling is energetically demanding process. Energy coming from nutrients present in the diet contributes to function of different cell type including osteoblasts, osteocytes and osteoclasts in bone marrow participating in bone homeostasis. With aging, obesity and osteoporosis the function of key building blocks, bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs), changes towards higher accumulation of bone marrow adipose tissue (BMAT) and decreased bone mass, which is affected by diet and sex dimorphism. Men and women have unique nutritional needs based on physiological and hormonal changes across the life span. However, the exact molecular mechanisms behind these pathophysiological conditions in bone are not well-known. In this review, we focus on bone and BMAT physiology in men and women and how this approach has been taken by animal studies. Furthermore, we discuss the different diet interventions and impact on bone and BMAT in respect to sex differences. We also discuss the future perspective on precision nutrition with a consideration of sex-based differences which could bring better understanding of the diet intervention in bone health and weight management.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Dzubanova
- Laboratory of Molecular Physiology of Bone, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 4, Czech Republic.
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Zhou Y, Qian Y, Zhang X, Chen F, Ren X, Xu R, Xia Q. Nutrition and Epstein-Barr viremia in children underwent liver transplantation: A retrospective, cross-sectional study. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2024; 61:22-27. [PMID: 38777437 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2024.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS We aimed to examine the association between nutritional status, assessed by height/length and body weight for age and sex, and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) viremia in children underwent liver transplantation. METHODS Nutritional status was determined by total score of age- and sex-specific height/length and body weight: < (-2 SD) as "2 points", (-2 SD to -1 SD) as "1 point", and ≥ (-1SD) as "0 point". Children were further classified into three groups: malnutrition (4 points), risk of malnutrition (1-3 points), and normal (0 point). EBV viremia were confirmed by real time quantitative PCR method if EBV burden was ≥400 copies/ml. RESULTS A total number of 896 children (414 boys and 482 girls, medium age 8 months) were included in the study. The medium height was 65.0 cm while medium body weight was 7.0 kg. The prevalence of EBV viremia was 54.6% during follow up. Comparing with children with normal nutritional status, the adjusted odds ratios for the risk of EBV viremia was 2.14 (95% CI: 1.44, 3.19) in children with risk of malnutrition, and 2.29 (95% CI: 1.54, 3.40) in children with malnutrition. Each point increase of nutritional score was associated with a 21% higher risk of EBV viremia (odd ratios = 1.21; 95% CI: 1.10, 1.34) in fully adjusted model. CONCLUSIONS Nutritional score was associated with EBV viremia in children underwent liver transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiquan Zhou
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yongbing Qian
- Department of Liver Surgery, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xiaomin Zhang
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Fang Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xuefei Ren
- Department of Liver Surgery, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Renying Xu
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Department of Nutrition, College of Health Science and Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Qiang Xia
- Department of Liver Surgery, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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Gonçalves CES, da Silva RO, Hastreiter AA, Vivian GK, Makiyama EN, Borelli P, Fock RA. Reduced protein intake and aging affects the sustainment of hematopoiesis by impairing bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. J Nutr Biochem 2024; 124:109511. [PMID: 37913969 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2023.109511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Protein malnourishment (PM) is common among the elderly, but how aging and PM impact hematopoiesis is not fully understood. This study aimed to assess how aging and PM affect the hematopoietic regulatory function of bone marrow (BM) mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Young and aged male C57BL/6J mice were fed with normoproteic or hypoproteic diets and had their nutritional, biochemical, and hematological parameters evaluated. BM MSCs were characterized and had their secretome, gene expression, autophagy, reactive oxygen species production (ROS), and DNA double-stranded breaks evaluated. The modulation of hematopoiesis by MSCs was assayed using in vitro and in vivo models. Lastly, BM invasiveness and mice survival were evaluated after being challenged with leukemic cells of the C1498 cell line. Aging and PM alter biochemical parameters, changing the peripheral blood and BM immunophenotype. MSC autophagy was affected by aging and the frequencies for ROS and DNA double-stranded breaks. Regarding the MSCs' secretome, PM and aging affected CXCL12, IL-6, and IL-11 production. Aging and PM up-regulated Akt1 and PPAR-γ while down-regulating Cdh2 and Angpt-1 in MSCs. Aged MSCs increased C1498 cell proliferation while reducing their colony-forming potential. PM and aging lowered mice survival, and malnourishment accumulated C1498 cells at the BM. Finally, aged and/or PM MSCs up-regulated Sox2, Nanog, Pou5f1, and Akt1 expression while down-regulating Cdkn1a in C1498 cells. Together, aging and PM can induce cell-intrinsic shifts in BM MSCs, creating an environment that alters the regulation of hematopoietic populations and favoring the development of malignant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Eduardo Silva Gonçalves
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renaira Oliveira da Silva
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Araceli Aparecida Hastreiter
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Kodja Vivian
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Edson Naoto Makiyama
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Primavera Borelli
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Ambrósio Fock
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Woodward B, Hillyer LM, Monk JM. The Tolerance Model of Non-Inflammatory Immune Competence in Acute Pediatric Malnutrition: Origins, Evidence, Test of Fitness and Growth Potential. Nutrients 2023; 15:4922. [PMID: 38068780 PMCID: PMC10707886 DOI: 10.3390/nu15234922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The tolerance model rests on the thesis of a physiologically regulated, albeit unsustainable, systemic attempt to adapt to the catabolic challenge posed by acute prepubescent malnutrition even in its severe forms. The model centers on the immunological component of the attempt, positing reorientation toward a non-inflammatory form of competence in place of the classic paradigm of immunological attrition and exhaustion. The foundation of the model was laid in 1990, and sixteen years later it was articulated formally on the basis of a body of evidence centered on T cell cytokines and interventions with cytokine and hormonal mediators. The benefit originally suggested was a reduced risk of autoimmune pathologies consequent to the catabolic release of self-antigens, hence the designation highlighting immune tolerance. Herein, the emergence of the tolerance model is traced from its roots in the recognition that acute malnutrition elicits an endocrine-based systemic adaptive attempt. Thereafter, the growth of the evidence base supporting the model is outlined, and its potential to shed new light on existing information is tested by application to the findings of a published clinical study of acutely malnourished children. Finally, some knowledge gaps pertinent to the model are identified and its potential for growth consonant with evolving perceptions of immunobiology is illustrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bill Woodward
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (L.M.H.); (J.M.M.)
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Bedha A, Shindano T, Hermans MP, Havelange V, Makali S, Minani J, Ngaboyeka G, Kunaba E, Donnen P, Dramaix M, Bisimwa G, Mwene-Batu P. Association between severe acute malnutrition in childhood and hematological disorders in adulthood: the Lwiro follow-up study in the Eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo. BMC Nutr 2023; 9:128. [PMID: 37951995 PMCID: PMC10638766 DOI: 10.1186/s40795-023-00783-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite growing evidence on the short-term deleterious effects of severe acute malnutrition (SAM) in childhood on hematopoiesis, little is known about the long-term hematological effects of SAM in low-income countries (LICs). Our study explored the association between childhood SAM and hematological disorders in adults 11 to 30 years after post-SAM nutritional rehabilitation. METHODS This follow up study investigated 97 adults (mean age 32 years) treated for SAM during childhood in eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) between 1988 and 2007. Participants were compared to 97 aged- and sex-matched adult controls living in the same community with no history of SAM. Outcomes of interest were hematological characteristics and disorders in adulthood, assessed by various biological markers. Logistic and linear regression models were used to estimate the association between SAM in childhood and risk of hematological abnormalities. RESULTS Compared to the unexposed, the exposed had higher mean white blood cells (/μl) [+ 840 (179 to 1501), p = 0.013], neutrophils [+ 504 (83 to 925), p = 0.019] and platelets (*103) [11.9 (8.1 to 17.9), p = 0.038] even after adjustment for food consumption in adulthood. No difference was observed in red blood cells (RBC), hemoglobin and erythrocytes parameters. With regard to the risk of hematological disorders, in contrast to the unexposed, exposed subjects had a risk of leukocytosis approximately three times higher [adjusted OR (95% CI): 2.98 (1.01 to 8.79), p = 0.048]. No difference was observed in terms of anemia, leukopenia, increased platelets and thrombocytopenia between the 2 groups. CONCLUSION Adults with a history of SAM in childhood have hematological characteristics that would be markers associated with chronic low-grade inflammatory or infectious diseases in an environment with no nutritional transition. Larger cohort studies with bone marrow analyses could provide further understanding of the impact of SAM on the overall hematological profile in adult life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Bedha
- École Régionale de Santé Publique, Université Catholique de Bukavu, Bukavu, Democratic Republic of the Congo
- Hôpital Provincial General de Reference de Bukavu, Université Catholique de Bukavu, Bukavu, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Tony Shindano
- Hôpital Provincial General de Reference de Bukavu, Université Catholique de Bukavu, Bukavu, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Michel P Hermans
- Division of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Cliniques Universitaires St-Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Violaine Havelange
- Services d'hématologie, Cliniques Universitaires St-Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Samuel Makali
- École Régionale de Santé Publique, Université Catholique de Bukavu, Bukavu, Democratic Republic of the Congo
- Hôpital Provincial General de Reference de Bukavu, Université Catholique de Bukavu, Bukavu, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Jimmy Minani
- Hôpital Provincial General de Reference de Bukavu, Université Catholique de Bukavu, Bukavu, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Gaylord Ngaboyeka
- École Régionale de Santé Publique, Université Catholique de Bukavu, Bukavu, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Edwige Kunaba
- École Régionale de Santé Publique, Université Catholique de Bukavu, Bukavu, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Philippe Donnen
- Ecole de Santé Publique, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1070, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Michelle Dramaix
- Ecole de Santé Publique, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1070, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ghislain Bisimwa
- École Régionale de Santé Publique, Université Catholique de Bukavu, Bukavu, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Pacifique Mwene-Batu
- École Régionale de Santé Publique, Université Catholique de Bukavu, Bukavu, Democratic Republic of the Congo.
- Hôpital Provincial General de Reference de Bukavu, Université Catholique de Bukavu, Bukavu, Democratic Republic of the Congo.
- Faculté de Médecine, Université de Kaziba, Kaziba, Democratic Republic of the Congo.
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Vivian GK, da Silva RO, Santos ACA, Hastreiter AA, Dias CC, Makiyama EN, Borelli P, de Oliveira Rodrigues C, Fock RA. The interaction between aging and protein malnutrition modulates peritoneal macrophage function: An experimental study in male mice. Exp Gerontol 2023; 171:112025. [PMID: 36372284 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2022.112025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Malnutrition is considered one of the most common problems in the elderly population worldwide and can significantly interfere in health evolution in these individuals, predisposing them to increased infection susceptibility. The immune response triggered by infections comprises several mechanisms, and macrophages play important roles in this response. This study aimed to evaluate mechanisms related to macrophage function in a model of protein malnutrition in the elderly. Two age groups (young: 3-5 months and elderly: 18-19 months) male C57BL/6NTac mice were subjected to protein malnutrition with a low-protein diet (2 %). The nutritional status, hemogram and number of peritoneal cells were affected by both age and nutritional status. Additionally, the spreading capacity as well as the phagocytic and fungicidal activity of peritoneal macrophages were affected by the nutritional status and age of the animal. Interestingly, the percentages of F4/80+/CD11b+ and CD86+ cells were reduced mostly in elderly animals, while the TLR-4+ population was more affected by nutritional status than by age. The production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-1α, and IL-6 was also influenced by nutritional status and/or by age, and malnourished animals of advanced age produced higher amounts of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. Furthermore, the phosphorylation ratio of the transcription factor NFκB (pNFκB/NFκB) was directly affected by the nutritional status, independently of age. Thus, these results allow us to conclude that aging and protein malnutrition compromise macrophage function, likely affecting their immune function, and in aged protein-malnourished animals, this impairment tends to be more pronounced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Kodja Vivian
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renaira Oliveira da Silva
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Andressa Cristina Antunes Santos
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Araceli Aparecida Hastreiter
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carolina Carvalho Dias
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Edson Naoto Makiyama
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Primavera Borelli
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Ricardo Ambrósio Fock
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Osorio EY, Gugala Z, Patterson GT, Palacios G, Cordova E, Uscanga-Palomeque A, Travi BL, Melby PC. Inflammatory stimuli alter bone marrow composition and compromise bone health in the malnourished host. Front Immunol 2022; 13:846246. [PMID: 35983045 PMCID: PMC9380851 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.846246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation has a role in the pathogenesis of childhood malnutrition. We investigated the effect of malnutrition and inflammatory challenge on bone marrow composition and bone health. We studied an established murine model of moderate acute malnutrition at baseline and after acute inflammatory challenge with bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a surrogate of Gram-negative bacterial sepsis, or Leishmania donovani, the cause of visceral leishmaniasis. Both of these infections cause significant morbidity and mortality in malnourished children. Of the 2 stimuli, LPS caused more pronounced bone marrow changes that were amplified in malnourished mice. LPS challenge led to increased inflammatory cytokine expression (Il1b, Il6, and Tnf), inflammasome activation, and inflammatory monocyte accumulation in the bone marrow of malnourished mice. Depletion of inflammatory monocytes in Csfr1-LysMcre-DT malnourished mice significantly reduced the inflammasome activation and IL1-ß production after LPS challenge. The inflammatory challenge also led to increased expansion of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), bone marrow adiposity, and expression of genes (Pparg, Adipoq, and Srbp1) associated with adipogenesis in malnourished mice. This suggests that inflammatory challenge promotes differentiation of BM MSCs toward the adipocyte lineage rather than toward bone-forming osteoblasts in the malnourished host. Concurrent with this reduced osteoblastic potential there was an increase in bone-resorbing osteoclasts, enhanced osteoclast activity, upregulation of inflammatory genes, and IL-1B involved in osteoclast differentiation and activation. The resulting weakened bone formation and increased bone resorption would contribute to the bone fragility associated with malnutrition. Lastly, we evaluated the effect of replacing lipid rich in omega-6 fatty acids (corn oil) with lipid-rich in omega-3 fatty acids (fish oil) in the nutrient-deficient diet. LPS-challenged malnourished mice that received dietary fish oil showed decreased expression of inflammatory cytokines and Rankl and reduced osteoclast differentiation and activation in the bone marrow. This work demonstrates that the negative effect of inflammatory challenge on bone marrow is amplified in the malnourished host. Increasing dietary intake of omega-3 fatty acids may be a means to reduce inflammation and improve bone health in malnourished children.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Yaneth Osorio
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
- *Correspondence: Peter C. Melby, ; E. Yaneth Osorio,
| | - Zbigniew Gugala
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Grace T. Patterson
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Genesis Palacios
- Department of Parasitology, Universidad de la Laguna, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain
| | - Erika Cordova
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Ashanti Uscanga-Palomeque
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Bruno L. Travi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
- Center for Tropical Diseases and Institute for Human Infection and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Peter C. Melby
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
- Center for Tropical Diseases and Institute for Human Infection and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
- *Correspondence: Peter C. Melby, ; E. Yaneth Osorio,
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Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Embryo-Maternal Communication under Healthy Conditions or Viral Infections: Lessons from a Bovine Model. Cells 2022; 11:cells11121858. [PMID: 35740987 PMCID: PMC9221285 DOI: 10.3390/cells11121858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine mesenchymal stem cells are a relevant cell population found in the maternal reproductive tract that exhibits the immunomodulation capacity required to prevent embryo rejection. The phenotypic plasticity showed by both endometrial mesenchymal stem cells (eMSC) and embryonic trophoblast through mesenchymal to epithelial transition and epithelial to mesenchymal transition, respectively, is essential for embryo implantation. Embryonic trophoblast maintains active crosstalk via EVs and soluble proteins with eMSC and peripheral blood MSC (pbMSC) to ensure the retention of eMSC in case of pregnancy and induce the chemotaxis of pbMSC, critical for successful implantation. Early pregnancy-related proteins and angiogenic markers are detected as cargo in EVs and the soluble fraction of the embryonic trophectoderm secretome. The pattern of protein secretion in trophectoderm-EVs changes depending on their epithelial or mesenchymal phenotype and due to the uptake of MSC EVs. However, the changes in this EV-mediated communication between maternal and embryonic MSC populations infected by viruses that cause abortions in cattle are poorly understood. They are critical in the investigation of reproductive viral pathologies.
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Michael H, Amimo JO, Rajashekara G, Saif LJ, Vlasova AN. Mechanisms of Kwashiorkor-Associated Immune Suppression: Insights From Human, Mouse, and Pig Studies. Front Immunol 2022; 13:826268. [PMID: 35585989 PMCID: PMC9108366 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.826268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Malnutrition refers to inadequate energy and/or nutrient intake. Malnutrition exhibits a bidirectional relationship with infections whereby malnutrition increases risk of infections that further aggravates malnutrition. Severe malnutrition (SM) is the main cause of secondary immune deficiency and mortality among children in developing countries. SM can manifest as marasmus (non-edematous), observed most often (68.6% of all malnutrition cases), kwashiorkor (edematous), detected in 23.8% of cases, and marasmic kwashiorkor, identified in ~7.6% of SM cases. Marasmus and kwashiorkor occur due to calorie-energy and protein-calorie deficiency (PCD), respectively. Kwashiorkor and marasmic kwashiorkor present with reduced protein levels, protein catabolism rates, and altered levels of micronutrients leading to uncontrolled oxidative stress, exhaustion of anaerobic commensals, and proliferation of pathobionts. Due to these alterations, kwashiorkor children present with profoundly impaired immune function, compromised intestinal barrier, and secondary micronutrient deficiencies. Kwashiorkor-induced alterations contribute to growth stunting and reduced efficacy of oral vaccines. SM is treated with antibiotics and ready-to-use therapeutic foods with variable efficacy. Kwashiorkor has been extensively investigated in gnotobiotic (Gn) mice and piglet models to understand its multiple immediate and long-term effects on children health. Due to numerous physiological and immunological similarities between pigs and humans, pig represents a highly relevant model to study kwashiorkor pathophysiology and immunology. Here we summarize the impact of kwashiorkor on children's health, immunity, and gut functions and review the relevant findings from human and animal studies. We also discuss the reciprocal interactions between PCD and rotavirus-a highly prevalent enteric childhood pathogen due to which pathogenesis and immunity are affected by childhood SM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Husheem Michael
- Center for Food Animal Health, Department of Animal Sciences, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, United States
| | - Joshua O. Amimo
- Center for Food Animal Health, Department of Animal Sciences, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, United States
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Gireesh Rajashekara
- Center for Food Animal Health, Department of Animal Sciences, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, United States
| | - Linda J. Saif
- Center for Food Animal Health, Department of Animal Sciences, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, United States
| | - Anastasia N. Vlasova
- Center for Food Animal Health, Department of Animal Sciences, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, United States
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10
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Atmar K, Tulling AJ, Lankester AC, Bartels M, Smiers FJ, van der Burg M, Mohseny AB. Functional and Immune Modulatory Characteristics of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stromal Cells in Patients With Aplastic Anemia: A Systematic Review. Front Immunol 2022; 13:859668. [PMID: 35355996 PMCID: PMC8959635 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.859668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In most patients with aplastic anemia (AA), the diagnosis is limited to a description of the symptoms. Lack of understanding of the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms causing bone marrow failure (BMF), hampers tailored treatment. In these patients, auto-immune cell-mediated destruction of the bone marrow is often presumed to be the causative mechanism. The status of the bone marrow microenvironment, particularly the mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) component, was recently suggested as a potential player in the pathophysiology of AA. Therefore, functional, and immune modulatory characteristics of bone marrow MSCs might represent important parameters for AA. Objective To conduct a systematic review to evaluate in vitro functional properties of MSCs derived from patients with AA compared to healthy controls. Methods According to PRISMA guidelines, a comprehensive search strategy was performed by using online databases (Pubmed, ISI Web of Science, Embase, and the Cochrane Library). Studies reporting on phenotypical characterization, proliferation potential, differentiation capacity, immunomodulatory potential, and ability to support hematopoiesis were identified and screened using the Rayyan software tool. Results 23 articles were included in this systematic review, describing a total of 324 patients with AA and 285 controls. None of the studies identified a significant difference in expression of any MSC surface marker between both groups. However, AA-MSCs showed a decreased proliferation potential, an increased tendency to differentiate into the adipogenic lineage and decreased propensity towards osteogenic differentiation. Importantly, AA-MSCs show reduced capacity of immunosuppression and hematopoietic support in comparison to healthy controls. Conclusion We conclude that there are indications for a contribution of MSCs in the pathophysiology of AA. However, the current evidence is of poor quality and requires better defined study populations in addition to a more robust methodology to study MSC biology at a cellular and molecular level. Future studies on bone marrow microenvironment should aim at elucidating the interaction between MSCs, hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and immune cells to identify impairments associated with/causing BMF in patients with AA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Atmar
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Willem-Alexander Children's Hospital, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Adam J Tulling
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Willem-Alexander Children's Hospital, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Arjan C Lankester
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Willem-Alexander Children's Hospital, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Marije Bartels
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Frans J Smiers
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Willem-Alexander Children's Hospital, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Mirjam van der Burg
- Laboratory for Pediatric Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Willem-Alexander Children's Hospital, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Alexander B Mohseny
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Willem-Alexander Children's Hospital, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
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Hanzelina H, Widnyana AANKP, Windiani IGAT, Karyana IPG, Ariawati NK, Mahalini DS. Malnutrition as Risk Factor for Febrile Neutropenia in Children with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2022.8448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common malignancy in children. Febrile neutropenia is one of medical emergencies in ALL patients. One of the risk factors that associate with febrile neutropenia is malnutrition. Malnutrition reduce the body’s immunity that increase incidence of infection.
AIM: aimed to prove malnutrition as risk factor in children with ALL who had febrile neutropenia
METHOD: This is case-control study with samples a hundred children aged 1 month to 18 years old with ALL at Sanglah Hospital Denpasar between 2015 - 2021. Subjects were grouped into two, those with febrile neutropenia and without febrile neutropenia. The relationship between malnutrition and febrile neutropenia was analyzed by using chi-square bivariate analysis test.
RESULTS: A hundred subjects were devided into two groups with 50 subjects each group. Bivariate analysis showed significant association between malnutrition and febrile neutropenia (OR 4.53; 95%CI 1.95 - 10.51; p-value <0.001).
CONCLUSION: Malnutrition as risk factor for febrile neutropenia in children with ALL.
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12
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The relationship between the degree of malnutrition and changes in selected parameters of the immune response in critically ill patients. Cent Eur J Immunol 2021; 46:82-91. [PMID: 33897288 PMCID: PMC8056353 DOI: 10.5114/ceji.2021.105248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients treated in intensive care units (ICUs) are at high risk of malnutrition and the resulting homeostasis, metabolic, histological and immunological disorders, especially leading to organ failure and increased susceptibility to infection. In 163 patients with malnutrition [mild in 33 (19.6%), moderate in 69 (42.9%), severe in 61 (37.4%)] treated in the ICU, changes in the concentration of selected proteins [interleukin (IL)-1Ra, tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), soluble tumour necrosis factor receptor-1 (sTNFR1), IL-6, IL-10, sTLR4, MyD88, A20, HSP70, HMGB1] were examined. In the whole group of malnourished patients, median values of sTNFR1, TNF-α, IL-6, TLR4, IL-1Ra were significantly increased, while the levels of MyD88 and A20 proteins were significantly reduced (in comparison to the well-nourished healthy group). Only the sTNFR1 protein showed a significant difference between mild, moderate and severe malnutrition, and increased concentrations as the severity of malnutrition increased (the correlation study found that as the degree of malnutrition increased, the sTNFR1 concentrations increased; p = 0.0000, R = 0.5442). It was observed that death was significantly more frequent in the group of patients who on the first day of hospitalization in the ICU scored 5 or more points on the NRS 2002 scale (p = 0.0004). In the patients who died significantly higher concentrations of sTNFR1, IL-6, IL-10, HSP70 were observed in comparison to the patients who survived. The present results are encouraging and indicate the desirability of undertaking multicentre clinical trials including monitoring of sTNFR1 in assessing the severity of malnutrition and immune disorders in the first hours after admission to the ICU, because it can be assumed that without early diagnosis of innate immunity disorders any attempts at their modulation may be ineffective.
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13
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Hastreiter AA, Dos Santos GG, Makiyama EN, Santos EWC, Borelli P, Fock RA. Effects of protein malnutrition on hematopoietic regulatory activity of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. J Nutr Biochem 2021; 93:108626. [PMID: 33705953 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2021.108626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Protein malnutrition causes anemia and leukopenia as it reduces hematopoietic precursors and impairs the production of mediators that regulate hematopoiesis. Hematopoiesis occurs in distinct bone marrow niches that modulate the processes of differentiation, proliferation and self-renewal of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) contribute to the biochemical composition of bone marrow niches by the secretion of several growth factors and cytokines, and they play an important role in the regulation of HSCs and hematopoietic progenitors. In this study, we investigated the effect of protein malnutrition on the hematopoietic regulatory function of MSCs. C57BL/6NTaq mice were divided into control and protein malnutrition groups, which received, respectively, a normal protein diet (12% casein) and a low protein diet (2% casein). The results showed that protein malnutrition altered the synthesis of SCF, TFG-β, Angpt-1, CXCL-12, and G-CSF by MSCs. Additionally, MSCs from the protein malnutrition group were not able to maintain the lymphoid, granulocytic and megakaryocytic-erythroid differentiation capacity compared to the MSCs of the control group. In this way, the comprehension of the role of MSCs on the regulation of the hematopoietic cells, in protein malnutrition states, is for the first time showed. Therefore, we infer that hematopoietic alterations caused by protein malnutrition are due to multifactorial alterations and, at least in part, the MSCs' contribution to hematological impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Araceli Aparecida Hastreiter
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Guilherme G Dos Santos
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Edson Naoto Makiyama
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ed Wilson Cavalcante Santos
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Primavera Borelli
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Ambrósio Fock
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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14
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Getawa S, Getaneh Z, Melku M. Hematological Abnormalities and Associated Factors Among Undernourished Under-Five Children Attending University of Gondar Specialized Referral Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia. J Blood Med 2020; 11:465-478. [PMID: 33376434 PMCID: PMC7755328 DOI: 10.2147/jbm.s284572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The hematopoietic system is one of the systems which can be affected by malnutrition, leading to impaired production of all blood cell lines. Undernourished children with hematological abnormalities like anemia are at higher risk of mortality. Therefore, this study aimed at determining the magnitude and associated factors of hematological abnormalities among undernourished under-five children attending at the University of Gondar Specialized Referral Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia. Methods and Materials An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted on a total of 251 undernourished under-five children at University of Gondar Specialized Referral Hospital from January to May 2020. A convenient sampling technique was employed to select study participants. Data were collected using a pretested structured questionnaire. Blood samples were collected for complete blood count which were determined by Sysmex KX-21N analyzer. Stool sample was processed via direct wet mount. Thin and thick blood films were examined to assess malaria parasite. The data were entered to EpiData version 4.6.0.0 and analyzed using SPSS version 23 software. Bi-variable and multi-variable binary logistic regression model were fitted to identify factors associated with hematological abnormalities. A p-value <0.05 in the multivariable analysis was considered as statistically significant. Results The overall magnitude of anemia, leukocytosis, thrombocytosis, thrombocytopenia, and leukopenia was 53.4%, 26.7%, 23.9%, 8%, and 2.8%, respectively. Being male, age 6-23 months, high birth order, intestinal parasite infection, edema, not eating vegetables and fruits, and paternal occupation were found to be associated with anemia. Only the age of a child was associated with leukocytosis in undernourished children. Conclusion The current study demonstrated the predominant existence of anemia, leukocytosis, and thrombocytosis among undernourished under-five children. Therefore, early diagnosis, monitoring and setting intervention strategies for anemia especially among children under two years old are required to prevent further complication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solomon Getawa
- Department of Hematology and Immunohematology, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Zegeye Getaneh
- Department of Hematology and Immunohematology, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Mulugeta Melku
- Department of Hematology and Immunohematology, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
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15
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A Review of the Action of Magnesium on Several Processes Involved in the Modulation of Hematopoiesis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21197084. [PMID: 32992944 PMCID: PMC7582682 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnesium (Mg2+) is an essential mineral for the functioning and maintenance of the body. Disturbances in Mg2+ intracellular homeostasis result in cell-membrane modification, an increase in oxidative stress, alteration in the proliferation mechanism, differentiation, and apoptosis. Mg2+ deficiency often results in inflammation, with activation of inflammatory pathways and increased production of proinflammatory cytokines by immune cells. Immune cells and others that make up the blood system are from hematopoietic tissue in the bone marrow. The hematopoietic tissue is a tissue with high indices of renovation, and Mg2+ has a pivotal role in the cell replication process, as well as DNA and RNA synthesis. However, the impact of the intra- and extracellular disturbance of Mg2+ homeostasis on the hematopoietic tissue is little explored. This review deals specifically with the physiological requirements of Mg2+ on hematopoiesis, showing various studies related to the physiological requirements and the effects of deficiency or excess of this mineral on the hematopoiesis regulation, as well as on the specific process of erythropoiesis, granulopoiesis, lymphopoiesis, and thrombopoiesis. The literature selected includes studies in vitro, in animal models, and in humans, giving details about the impact that alterations of Mg2+ homeostasis can have on hematopoietic cells and hematopoietic tissue.
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16
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Chattopadhyay S, Law S. Morphogen signaling by Wnt/β-catenin pathway and microenvironmental alteration in the bone marrow of agricultural pesticide exposure-induced experimental aplastic anemia. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2020; 34:e22523. [PMID: 32410290 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Revised: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The etiologic link between pesticide toxicity and aplastic anemia in agricultural and agro-industrial setting has been frequently reported in epidemiological studies conducted worldwide. Chronic pesticide toxicity causes long-term bone marrow injury and perturbs the normal hematopoietic physiology, including survival of hematopoietic progenitor cells and bone marrow's blood cell forming ability. The purpose of this study is to understand the mechanism of pesticide toxicity-mediated bone marrow aplasia by studying Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and microenvironmental stromal components. An agricultural pesticide formulation comprising of cypermethrin, chlorpyriphos, and hexaconazole was used to induce bone marrow aplasia in inbred Swiss albino mice. Marrow failure followed by the onset of aplastic condition was confirmed by pancytopenic peripheral blood and hypocellular bone marrow filled with adipocytes. Significant downregulation of canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling was identified by expression analysis of Wnt3a, β-catenin, and telomerase reverse transcriptase in the aplastic bone marrow hematopoietic stem/progenitor compartment. Along with signaling deregulation, disruption in both the osteoblastic and vascular stromal components was observed in the pesticide-exposed bone marrow microenvironment when compared to control. In this study, we tried to establish the correlation among disease pathophysiology, signaling deregulation in the hematopoietic cells, and bone marrow microenvironmental alteration during environmental exposure-mediated aplastic hematopoietic catastrophe, which may shed light on the unexplored mechanistic perspective of this fatal blood disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukalpa Chattopadhyay
- Stem Cell Research and Application Unit, Department of Biochemistry and Medical Biotechnology, Calcutta School of Tropical Medicine, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Sujata Law
- Stem Cell Research and Application Unit, Department of Biochemistry and Medical Biotechnology, Calcutta School of Tropical Medicine, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
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17
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Kanakis I, Alameddine M, Scalabrin M, van 't Hof RJ, Liloglou T, Ozanne SE, Goljanek-Whysall K, Vasilaki A. Low protein intake during reproduction compromises the recovery of lactation-induced bone loss in female mouse dams without affecting skeletal muscles. FASEB J 2020; 34:11844-11859. [PMID: 32652768 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202001131r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Lactation-induced bone loss occurs due to high calcium requirements for fetal growth but skeletal recovery is normally achieved promptly postweaning. Dietary protein is vital for fetus and mother but the effects of protein undernutrition on the maternal skeleton and skeletal muscles are largely unknown. We used mouse dams fed with normal (N, 20%) or low (L, 8%) protein diet during gestation and lactation and maintained on the same diets (NN, LL) or switched from low to normal (LN) during a 28 d skeletal restoration period post lactation. Skeletal muscle morphology and neuromuscular junction integrity was not different between any of the groups. However, dams fed the low protein diet showed extensive bone loss by the end of lactation, followed by full skeletal recovery in NN dams, partial recovery in LN and poor bone recovery in LL dams. Primary osteoblasts from low protein diet fed mice showed decreased in vitro bone formation and decreased osteogenic marker gene expression; promoter methylation analysis by pyrosequencing showed no differences in Bmpr1a, Ptch1, Sirt1, Osx, and Igf1r osteoregulators, while miR-26a, -34a, and -125b expression was found altered in low protein fed mice. Therefore, normal protein diet is indispensable for maternal musculoskeletal health during the reproductive period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Kanakis
- Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, The MRC - Versus Arthritis Centre for Integrated Research into Musculoskeletal Ageing (CIMA), University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Moussira Alameddine
- Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, The MRC - Versus Arthritis Centre for Integrated Research into Musculoskeletal Ageing (CIMA), University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Mattia Scalabrin
- Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, The MRC - Versus Arthritis Centre for Integrated Research into Musculoskeletal Ageing (CIMA), University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Rob J van 't Hof
- Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, The MRC - Versus Arthritis Centre for Integrated Research into Musculoskeletal Ageing (CIMA), University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Triantafillos Liloglou
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, UK
| | - Susan E Ozanne
- MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Metabolic Research Laboratories, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Katarzyna Goljanek-Whysall
- Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, The MRC - Versus Arthritis Centre for Integrated Research into Musculoskeletal Ageing (CIMA), University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.,Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, NUI Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Aphrodite Vasilaki
- Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, The MRC - Versus Arthritis Centre for Integrated Research into Musculoskeletal Ageing (CIMA), University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
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18
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Calle A, Gutiérrez-Reinoso MÁ, Re M, Blanco J, De la Fuente J, Monguió-Tortajada M, Borràs FE, Yáñez-Mó M, Ramírez MÁ. Bovine peripheral blood MSCs chemotax towards inflammation and embryo implantation stimuli. J Cell Physiol 2020; 236:1054-1067. [PMID: 32617972 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have a great potential in regenerative medicine because of their multipotential and immunoregulatory capacities, while in early pregnancy they could participate in the immunotolerance of the mother towards the embryo. Peripheral blood constitutes an accessible source of MSCs. We successfully isolated peripheral blood MSC (pbMSCs) lines, with or without previous bone marrow mobilization. All pbMSCs lines obtained in both conditions presented classical MSC markers and properties, alkaline phosphatase activity and multipotent capacity to differentiate among adipogenic, osteogenic or chondrogenic lineages, and suppressed the proliferation of T cells. pbMSCs showed migratory capacity without cytokine stimulation while increasing their migration rate in the presence of inflammatory or embryo implantation stimuli. Interestingly, in contrast to MSCs derived from endometrial tissue, three pbMSCs lines also showed increased migration towards the IFN-τ implantation cytokine. Moreover, the secretome produced by an early implantation stage embryonic trophectoderm cell line showed a chemoattractant effect in pbMSCs. Our results suggest that circulating MSCs are present in the peripheral blood under healthy conditions. The fact that both the inflammation and implantation signals induced pbMSCs chemotaxis highlights MSC heterogeneity and suggests that their migratory capacity may differ according to their tissue of origin and would suggest the possible active recruitment of MSCs from bone marrow during pregnancy to repress the immune response to prevent the embryo rejection by the maternal organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Calle
- Departamento de Reproducción Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel Gutiérrez-Reinoso
- Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Recursos Naturales, Carrera de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Técnica de Cotopaxi (UTC), Latacunga, Ecuador
| | - Michela Re
- Departamento de Medicina y Cirugía Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Blanco
- Departamento de Medicina y Cirugía Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Julio De la Fuente
- Departamento de Reproducción Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Monguió-Tortajada
- REMAR Group and Nephrology Service, Germans Trias i Pujol Health Science Institute & University Hospital, UAB, Badalona, Spain
| | - Francesc Enric Borràs
- REMAR Group and Nephrology Service, Germans Trias i Pujol Health Science Institute & University Hospital, UAB, Badalona, Spain.,Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - María Yáñez-Mó
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, UAM, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBM-SO), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel Ramírez
- Departamento de Reproducción Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Madrid, Spain
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Sharma V, Sharma V, Khan A, Wassmer DJ, Schoenholtz MD, Hontecillas R, Bassaganya-Riera J, Zand R, Abedi V. Malnutrition, Health and the Role of Machine Learning in Clinical Setting. Front Nutr 2020; 7:44. [PMID: 32351968 PMCID: PMC7174626 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2020.00044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nutrition plays a vital role in health and the recovery process. Deficiencies in macronutrients and micronutrients can impact the development and progression of various disorders. However, malnutrition screening tools and their utility in the clinical setting remain largely understudied. In this study, we summarize the importance of nutritional adequacy and its association with neurological, cardiovascular, and immune-related disorders. We also examine general and specific malnutrition assessment tools utilized in healthcare settings. Since the implementation of the screening process in 2016, malnutrition data from hospitalized patients in the Geisinger Health System is presented and discussed as a case study. Clinical data from five Geisinger hospitals shows that ~10% of all admitted patients are acknowledged for having some form of nutritional deficiency, from which about 60-80% of the patients are targeted for a more comprehensive assessment. Finally, we conclude that with a reflection on how technological advances, specifically machine learning-based algorithms, can be integrated into electronic health records to provide decision support system to care providers in the identification and management of patients at higher risk of malnutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaibhav Sharma
- Geisinger Commonwealth School of Medicine, Scranton, PA, United States
| | - Vishakha Sharma
- Geisinger Commonwealth School of Medicine, Scranton, PA, United States
| | - Ayesha Khan
- Neuroscience Institute, Geisinger Health System, Danville, PA, United States
| | - David J. Wassmer
- Neuroscience Institute, Geisinger Health System, Danville, PA, United States
| | | | | | | | - Ramin Zand
- Neuroscience Institute, Geisinger Health System, Danville, PA, United States
| | - Vida Abedi
- Department of Molecular and Functional Genomics, Geisinger Health System, Danville, PA, United States
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20
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Gibson D, Mehler PS. Anorexia Nervosa and the Immune System-A Narrative Review. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8111915. [PMID: 31717370 PMCID: PMC6912362 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8111915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of an increasing number of chronic diseases is being attributed to effects of the immune system. However, its role in the development and maintenance of anorexia nervosa is seemingly under-appreciated. Yet, in examining the available research on the immune system and genetic studies in anorexia nervosa, one becomes increasingly suspicious of the immune system’s potential role in the pathophysiology of anorexia nervosa. Specifically, research is suggestive of increased levels of various pro-inflammatory cytokines as well as the spontaneous production of tumor necrosis factor in anorexia nervosa; genetic studies further support a dysregulated immune system in this disorder. Potential contributors to this dysregulated immune system are discussed including increased oxidative stress, chronic physiological/psychological stress, changes in the intestinal microbiota, and an abnormal bone marrow microenvironment, all of which are present in anorexia nervosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Gibson
- Assistant Medical Director, ACUTE Center for Eating Disorders @ Denver Health; Assistant Professor of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine; 777 Bannock St., Denver, CO 80204, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +303-602-5067; Fax: +303-602-3811
| | - Philip S Mehler
- President, Eating Recovery Center; Founder and Executive Medical Director, ACUTE Center for Eating Disorders @ Denver Health; Glassman Professor of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine; 7351 E Lowry Blvd, Suite 200, Denver, CO 80230, USA;
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21
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Tong TYN, Key TJ, Gaitskell K, Green TJ, Guo W, Sanders TA, Bradbury KE. Hematological parameters and prevalence of anemia in white and British Indian vegetarians and nonvegetarians in the UK Biobank. Am J Clin Nutr 2019; 110:461-472. [PMID: 31190054 PMCID: PMC6669054 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqz072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There may be differences in hematological parameters between meat-eaters and vegetarians. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to perform cross-sectional analyses of hematological parameters by diet group in a large cohort in the United Kingdom. METHODS A complete blood count was carried out in all UK Biobank participants at recruitment (2006-2010). We examined hemoglobin, red and white blood cell counts, and platelet counts and volume in regular meat eaters (>3 times/wk of red/processed meat consumption, n = 212,831), low meat eaters (n = 213,092), poultry eaters (n = 4815), fish eaters (n = 10,042), vegetarians (n = 6548), and vegans (n = 398) of white ethnicity and meat eaters (n = 3875) and vegetarians (n = 1362) of British Indian ethnicity. RESULTS In both white and British Indian populations, compared with regular meat eaters (or meat eaters in Indians), the other diet groups had up to 3.7% lower age-adjusted hemoglobin concentrations (difference not significant in white vegan women) and were generally more likely to have anemia (e.g., 8.7% of regular meat eaters compared with 12.8% of vegetarians in white premenopausal women; P < 0.05 after Bonferroni correction). In the white population, compared with regular meat eaters, all other diet groups had lower age- and sex-adjusted total white cells, neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, and eosinophils (P-heterogeneity < 0.001 for all), but basophil counts were similar across diet groups; in British Indians, there was no significant difference in any of the white blood cell counts by diet group. Compared with white regular meat eaters, the low meat eaters, poultry eaters, fish eaters, and vegans had significantly lower platelet counts and higher platelet volume, whereas vegetarians had higher counts and lower volume. Compared with British Indian meat eaters, vegetarians had higher platelet count and lower volume. CONCLUSIONS In the UK Biobank, people with low or no red meat intake generally had lower hemoglobin concentrations and were slightly more likely to be anemic. The lower white blood cell counts observed in low and non-meat eaters, and differences in mean platelet counts and volume between diet groups, warrant further investigation. This observational study was registered at http://www.isrctn.com/ as ISRCTN10125697.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tammy Y N Tong
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Timothy J Key
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Kezia Gaitskell
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Nuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Timothy J Green
- Discipline of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health, School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Wenji Guo
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas A Sanders
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kathryn E Bradbury
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, Oxford, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Innovation, School of Population Health, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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22
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Abstract
The volume of research into the pathogenesis and treatment of malnutrition has increased markedly over the past ten years, providing mechanistic insights that can be leveraged into more effective treatment options. These discoveries have been driven by several landmark studies employing metabolomics, metagenomics, and new preclinical models. This review highlights some of the most important recent findings, focusing in particular on the emerging roles of prenatal and perinatal factors, protein deficiency, impaired gut barrier function, immune deficiency, and the intestinal microbiome.
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23
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Abstract
Micronutrients are indispensable for adequate metabolism, such as biochemical function and cell production. The production of blood cells is named haematopoiesis and this process is highly consuming due to the rapid turnover of the haematopoietic system and consequent demand for nutrients. It is well established that micronutrients are relevant to blood cell production, although some of the mechanisms of how micronutrients modulate haematopoiesis remain unknown. The aim of the present review is to summarise the effect of Fe, Mn, Ca, Mg, Na, K, Co, iodine, P, Se, Cu, Li and Zn on haematopoiesis. This review deals specifically with the physiological requirements of selected micronutrients to haematopoiesis, showing various studies related to the physiological requirements, deficiency or excess of these minerals on haematopoiesis. The literature selected includes studies in animal models and human subjects. In circumstances where these minerals have not been studied for a given condition, no information was used. All the selected minerals have an important role in haematopoiesis by influencing the quality and quantity of blood cell production. In addition, it is highly recommended that the established nutrition recommendations for these minerals be followed, because cases of excess or deficient mineral intake can affect the haematopoiesis process.
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Eltoukhy HS, Sinha G, Moore CA, Gergues M, Rameshwar P. Secretome within the bone marrow microenvironment: A basis for mesenchymal stem cell treatment and role in cancer dormancy. Biochimie 2018; 155:92-103. [PMID: 29859990 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2018.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The secretome produced by cells within the bone marrow is significant to homeostasis. The bone marrow, a well-studied organ, has multiple niches with distinct roles for supporting stem cell functions. Thus, an understanding of mediators involved in the regulation of stem cells could serve as a model for clinical problems and solutions such as tissue repair and regeneration. The exosome secretome of bone marrow stem cells is a developing area of research with respect to the regenerative potential by bone marrow cell, particularly the mesenchymal stem cells. The bone marrow niche regulates endogenous processes such as hematopoiesis but could also support the survival of tumors such as facilitating the cancer stem cells to exist in dormancy for decades. The bone marrow-derived secretome will be critical to future development of therapeutic strategies for oncologic diseases, in addition to regenerative medicine. This article discusses the importance for parallel studies to determine how the same secretome may compromise safety during the use of stem cells in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussam S Eltoukhy
- Department of Medicine - Division of Hematology/Oncology, Rutgers, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Garima Sinha
- Department of Medicine - Division of Hematology/Oncology, Rutgers, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Caitlyn A Moore
- Department of Medicine - Division of Hematology/Oncology, Rutgers, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Marina Gergues
- Department of Medicine - Division of Hematology/Oncology, Rutgers, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Pranela Rameshwar
- Department of Medicine - Division of Hematology/Oncology, Rutgers, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA.
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Belavy DL, Quittner MJ, Ridgers ND, Shiekh A, Rantalainen T, Trudel G. Specific Modulation of Vertebral Marrow Adipose Tissue by Physical Activity. J Bone Miner Res 2018; 33:651-657. [PMID: 29336053 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.3357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Revised: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Marrow adipose tissue (MAT) accumulation with normal aging impacts the bone, hemopoiesis, and metabolic pathways. We investigated whether exercise was associated with lower MAT, as measured by vertebral marrow fat fraction (VFF) on magnetic resonance imaging. A total of 101 healthy individuals (54 females) aged 25 to 35 years without spine or bone disease but with distinct exercise histories were studied. Long-distance runners (67 km/wk, n = 25) exhibited lower mean lumbar VFF (27.9% [8.6%] versus 33.5% [6.0%]; p = 0.0048) than non-sporting referents (n = 24). In habitual joggers (28 km/wk, n = 30), mean lumbar VFF was 31.3% (9.0%) (p = 0.22 versus referents) and 6.0 percentage points lower than referents at vertebrae T10 , T11 , and T12 (p ≤ 0.023). High-volume road cycling (275 km/wk, n = 22) did not impact VFF. 3D accelerations corresponding to faster walking, slow jogging, and high-impact activities correlated with lower VFF, whereas low-impact activities and sedentary time correlated with higher mean lumbar VFF (all p ≤ 0.05). Given an estimated adipose bone marrow conversion of 7% per decade of life, long distance runners, with 5.6 percentage points lower VFF, showed an estimated 8-year younger vertebral marrow adipose tissue phenotype. Regression analysis showed a 0.7 percentage point reduction in mean lumbar VFF with every 9.4 km/wk run (p = 0.002). This study presents the first evidence in humans or animals that specific volumes and types of exercise may influence the age-determined adipose marrow conversion and result in low MAT. These results identify a potentially modifiable risk factor for prevalent chronic conditions related to bone metabolism, hemopoietic production, and other metabolic functions with potential global health applications. © 2017 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel L Belavy
- Deakin University, Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Geelong, Australia
| | - Matthew J Quittner
- Deakin University, Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Geelong, Australia
| | - Nicola D Ridgers
- Deakin University, Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Geelong, Australia
| | - Adnan Shiekh
- Department of Radiology, The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Timo Rantalainen
- Deakin University, Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Geelong, Australia
| | - Guy Trudel
- Department of Medicine, Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Bone and Joint Research Laboratory, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
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High serum adiponectin is associated with anemia development in chronic kidney disease: The results from the KNOW-CKD study. Cytokine 2017; 103:1-9. [PMID: 29287218 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2017.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Revised: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adiponectin is an adipokine secreted by adipocytes. A low adiponectin level is a significant risk factor of diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease. Recent studies have shown that adiponectin is negatively associated with hematopoiesis and predicts the development of anemia in the general population. In chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients, circulating adiponectin level is paradoxically elevated and the role of adiponectin is complex. Therefore, we evaluated the relationship between adiponectin and anemia in these patients. METHODS This prospective longitudinal study included 2113 patients from the KNOW-CKD study (KoreaN cohort study for Outcome in patients With CKD), after excluding 125 without data on adiponectin levels. Hemoglobin levels were measured yearly during a mean follow-up period of 23.7 months. Anemia was defined as hemoglobin levels of <13.0 and 12.0 g/dL for men and women, respectively. RESULTS Mean patient age was 53.6 ± 12.2 years, and 1289 (61%) were men. The mean estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was 50.4 ± 30.2 mL min-1 1.73 m-2. Serum adiponectin level was inversely associated with body mass index, eGFR, log-transformed C-reactive protein, and positively with Charlson comorbidity index, urine protein to creatinine ratio, and high density lipoprotein cholesterol. In addition, serum adiponectin level was also negatively correlated with hemoglobin level and reticulocyte production index in both men and women. In multivariable linear regression analysis after adjustment of multiple confounders, adiponectin was negatively associated with hemoglobin (men, β = -0.219, P < .001; women, β = -0.09, P = .025). Among 1227 patients without anemia at baseline, 307 newly developed anemia during the follow-up period. In multivariable Cox regression analysis after adjustment of confounders, high adiponectin level was significantly associated with an increased risk of incident anemia (per 1 µg/mL increase, hazard ratio, 1.02; 95% confidence interval 1.01-1.04; P = .001). CONCLUSIONS A high serum adiponectin level is independently associated with a low hemoglobin level and predicts the development of anemia in patients with CKD. These findings reveal the potential role of adiponectin in CKD-related anemia.
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Carellos EVM, de Andrade JQ, Romanelli RMC, Tibúrcio JD, Januário JN, Vasconcelos-Santos DV, Figueiredo RM, de Andrade GMQ. High Frequency of Bone Marrow Depression During Congenital Toxoplasmosis Therapy in a Cohort of Children Identified by Neonatal Screening in Minas Gerais, Brazil. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2017; 36:1169-1176. [PMID: 28151845 DOI: 10.1097/inf.0000000000001561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are few studies reporting frequency and control of adverse events associated with congenital toxoplasmosis treatment. The objective of this study is to describe treatment adherence and adverse hematologic events in a cohort of children identified with congenital toxoplasmosis in Minas Gerais, Brazil. METHODS Children were treated with sulfadiazine, pyrimethamine and folinic acid and were evaluated clinically and by laboratory tests at regular intervals. RESULTS Of 146,307 live newborns who participated in the Neonatal Screening Program in Minas Gerais in 2006-2007, 190 had congenital toxoplasmosis. Among the 171 children whose treatment data were available, 73.1% completely adhered to antiparasitic therapy. Hematologic adverse events (macrocytic anemia and/or neutropenia and/or thrombocytopenia) were diagnosed in 44% of them. The most common adverse event was neutropenia (31%). In most cases, it was not severe and reversed after increase in folinic acid dosage (25.7%) or temporary treatment suspension (1.8%). No infections were observed in association with neutropenic events. Significant associations were detected between macrocytic anemia and lower weight Z score at first medical appointment (P = 0.03), and between severe neutropenia (<500/mm) and lower weight Z score toward the end of treatment (P = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS The high frequency of hematologic adverse events found, especially in malnourished children, highlight the importance of careful monitoring of these children throughout treatment, as well as considering nutritional aspects and the need for higher doses of folinic acid. With adequate monitoring, antiparasitic treatment was feasible and relatively safe in the setting of this large screening program for congenital toxoplasmosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ericka Viana Machado Carellos
- From the *Department of Pediatrics, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil; †Center for Newborn Screening and Genetic Diagnosis (NUPAD), School of Medicine, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil; ‡Residency of Pediatric Neurology, Hospital das Clínicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil; §Department of Statistics, Universidade Federal de São João Del Rei, Divinópolis, Minas Gerais, Brazil; ¶Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil; and ‖Hospital Infantil João Paulo II, Fundação Hospitalar do Estado de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Abstract
The global impact of childhood malnutrition is staggering. The synergism between malnutrition and infection contributes substantially to childhood morbidity and mortality. Anthropometric indicators of malnutrition are associated with the increased risk and severity of infections caused by many pathogens, including viruses, bacteria, protozoa, and helminths. Since childhood malnutrition commonly involves the inadequate intake of protein and calories, with superimposed micronutrient deficiencies, the causal factors involved in impaired host defense are usually not defined. This review focuses on literature related to impaired host defense and the risk of infection in primary childhood malnutrition. Particular attention is given to longitudinal and prospective cohort human studies and studies of experimental animal models that address causal, mechanistic relationships between malnutrition and host defense. Protein and micronutrient deficiencies impact the hematopoietic and lymphoid organs and compromise both innate and adaptive immune functions. Malnutrition-related changes in intestinal microbiota contribute to growth faltering and dysregulated inflammation and immune function. Although substantial progress has been made in understanding the malnutrition-infection synergism, critical gaps in our understanding remain. We highlight the need for mechanistic studies that can lead to targeted interventions to improve host defense and reduce the morbidity and mortality of infectious diseases in this vulnerable population.
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Santos EW, Oliveira DC, Silva GB, Tsujita M, Beltran JO, Hastreiter A, Fock RA, Borelli P. Hematological alterations in protein malnutrition. Nutr Rev 2017; 75:909-919. [DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nux041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Chattopadhyay S, Chatterjee R, Law S. Noncanonical Wnt5a-Ca(2+) -NFAT signaling axis in pesticide induced bone marrow aplasia mouse model: A study to explore the novel mechanism of pesticide toxicity. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2016; 31:1163-1175. [PMID: 25846497 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2014] [Revised: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 01/24/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
According to case-control studies, long-term pesticide exposure can cause bone marrow aplasia like hematopoietic degenerative disease leading to impaired hematopoiesis and increased risk of aplastic anemia in human subjects. However, the exact mechanism of pesticide mediated hematotoxicity still remains elusive. In this study, we investigated the role of noncanonical Wnt signaling pathway, a crucial regulator of adult hematopoiesis, in pesticide induced bone marrow aplasia mouse model. Aplasia mouse model was developed following inhalation and dermal exposure of 5% aqueous mixture of common agriculturally used pesticides for 6 h/day for 5 days a week up to 90 days. After that, blood hemogram, marrow smear, cellularity, scanning electron microscopy, extramedullary hematopoiesis and flowcytometric expression analysis of noncanonical Wnt signaling components, such as Wnt 5a, fzd5, NFAT, IFN-γ, intracellular Ca(2+) level were evaluated in the bone marrow hematopoietic stem/progenitor compartment of the control and pesticide induced aplasia groups of animals. Results showed that pesticide exposed mice were anemic with peripheral blood pancytopenia, hypocellular degenerative marrow, and extramedullary hematopoiesis in the spleen. Upon pesticide exposure, Wnt 5a expression was severely downregulated with a decline in intracellular Ca(2+) level. Moreover, downstream of Wnt5a, we observed sharp downregulation of NFATc2 transcription factor expression, the major target of pesticide toxicity and its target molecule IFN-γ. Taken together, our result suggests that deregulation of Wnt5a-Ca(2+) -NFAT signaling axis in the hematopoietic stem/progenitor compartment plays a crucial role behind the pathogenesis of pesticide mediated bone marrow aplasia by limiting primitive hematopoietic stem cells' ability to maintain hematopoietic homeostasis and reconstitution mechanism in vivo during xenobiotic stress leading to ineffective hematopoiesis and evolution of bone marrow aplasia. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 31: 1163-1175, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukalpa Chattopadhyay
- Stem Cell Research and Application Unit, Department of Biochemistry and Medical Biotechnology, Calcutta School of Tropical Medicine, 108, C.R. Avenue, Kolkata, 700073, West Bengal, India
| | - Ritam Chatterjee
- Stem Cell Research and Application Unit, Department of Biochemistry and Medical Biotechnology, Calcutta School of Tropical Medicine, 108, C.R. Avenue, Kolkata, 700073, West Bengal, India
| | - Sujata Law
- Stem Cell Research and Application Unit, Department of Biochemistry and Medical Biotechnology, Calcutta School of Tropical Medicine, 108, C.R. Avenue, Kolkata, 700073, West Bengal, India
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The influence of protein malnutrition on biological and immunomodulatory aspects of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Clin Nutr 2016; 36:1149-1157. [PMID: 27623433 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2016.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Revised: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Tissues that require a great supply of nutrients and possess high metabolic demands, such as lympho-hemopoietics tissues, are the first to be affected by protein malnutrition (PM). Thus, PM directly affects hemopoiesis and the production and function of immune cells. Consequently, malnourished individuals are more susceptible to infections. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have immunomodulatory properties and are important in the formation of lympho-hemopoietic stroma. Since an adequate supply of nutrients is essential to sustain stroma formation, which is mainly constituted of MSCs and differentiated cells originated from them, this study investigated whether PM would influence some biological and immunomodulatory aspects of MSCs. Two-month-old Balb/c mice were divided into control and malnourished groups receiving normoproteic or hypoproteic diets, respectively (12% and 2% of protein) for 28 days. MSCs obtained from control (MSCct) and malnourished (MSCmaln) animals were characterized. In addition, the proliferation rate and cell cycle protein expression were determined, but no differences in these parameters were observed. In order to evaluate whether PM affects the immunomodulatory properties of MSCs, the expression of NFκB and STAT-3, and the production of IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, TGF-β and TNF-α by MSCs were assessed. MSCmaln expressed lower levels of NF-κB and the production of IL-1β, IL-6 and TGF-β was significantly influenced by PM. Furthermore, MSCct and MSCmaln culture supernatants affected lymphocyte and macrophage proliferation. However, MSCmaln did not reduce the production of IFN-γ nor stimulate the production of IL-10 in lymphocytes in the same manner as observed in MSCct. Overall, this study implied that PM modifies immunosuppressive properties of MSCs.
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Ezeh PC, Xu H, Wang SC, Medina S, Burchiel SW. Evaluation of Toxicity in Mouse Bone Marrow Progenitor Cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 67:18.9.1-18.9.12. [PMID: 26828331 DOI: 10.1002/0471140856.tx1809s67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Development of blood cells through hematopoiesis occurs in the bone marrow (BM), and can be adversely impacted by various substances and/or conditions ranging from known therapeutic, intentionally administered xenobiotics to unintentional food additives and exposure to environmental chemicals. The principles underlying the techniques for evaluating toxicity to BM progenitors (erythroid, myeloid, and lymphoid) exploit changes in the normal hematopoietic process, biochemical cell surface and intracellular markers, as well as components of the BM microenvironment. Toxicological investigations following in vivo exposures of mice or in vitro exposures of mouse primary BM cell cultures allow the assessment of the developmental and functional integrity of BM cells, cell population shifts, and adverse biochemical effects due to toxicity. Colony forming unit (CFU) assays and flow cytometry are indispensable techniques in these toxicity studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peace C Ezeh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Huan Xu
- College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Shu Chun Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Sebastian Medina
- College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Scott W Burchiel
- College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico
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Frangos E, Trombetti A, Graf CE, Lachat V, Samaras N, Vischer UM, Zekry D, Rizzoli R, Herrmann FR. Malnutrition in Very Old Hospitalized Patients: A New Etiologic Factor of Anemia? J Nutr Health Aging 2016; 20:705-13. [PMID: 27499303 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-015-0641-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anemia and malnutrition are highly prevalent, frequently concomitant and associated with negative outcomes and mortality in the elderly. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the association between these two entities, and test the hypothesis that protein-energy deficit could be etiology of anemia. DESIGN Prospective case-control study. SETTING Geriatric and Rehabilitation Hospital, Geneva University Hospitals, Switzerland. PARTICIPANTS 392 patients (mean age 84.8 years old, 68.6% female). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Hematological (hemoglobin (Hb)), chemical (iron work up, cyanocobalamin, folates, renal function, C-Reactive Protein (CRP)) and nutrition (albumin, prealbumin) parameters, and mini nutritional assessment short form (MNA-SF). RESULTS The prevalence of anemia (defined as Hb<120 g/l) was 39.3%. Anemic patients were more frequently malnourished or at risk of malnutrition according to the MNA-SF (p=0.047), with lower serum albumin (p <0.001) and prealbumin (p <0.001) levels. Thirty-eight percent of these patients had multiple causes and 14.3% had no cause found for anemia. Among the latter 90.9% of patients with unexplained anemia had albumin levels lower than 35g/l. After exclusion of iron,vitamin B12 and folic acid deficits, anemic patients had lower albumin (p<0.001) and prealbumin (p 0.007) levels. Albumin level explained 84.5% of the variance in anemia. In multivariate analysis albumin levels remain associated with Hb only in anemic patients, explaining 6.4% of Hb variance (adj R2) and 14.7% (adj R2) after excluding inflammatory parameters (CRP>10). CONCLUSIONS Albumin levels are strongly associated with anemia in the elderly. Screening for undernutrition should be included in anemia assessment in those patients. Further prospective studies are warranted in order to explore the effect of protein and energy supplementation on hemoglobin level.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Frangos
- Dr. Emilia Frangos, Clinique de Joli-Mont, 45 avenue Trembley, 1211 Genève 19, E-mail: Phone : +41.22.717.03.30; Fax : +41.22.788.00.79
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PARP Inhibitor PJ34 Suppresses Osteogenic Differentiation in Mouse Mesenchymal Stem Cells by Modulating BMP-2 Signaling Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:24820-38. [PMID: 26492236 PMCID: PMC4632778 DOI: 10.3390/ijms161024820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Revised: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation is known to be involved in a variety of cellular processes, such as DNA repair, cell death, telomere regulation, genomic stability and cell differentiation by poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP). While PARP inhibitors are presently under clinical investigation for cancer therapy, little is known about their side effects. However, PARP involvement in mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) differentiation potentiates MSC-related side effects arising from PARP inhibition. In this study, effects of PARP inhibitors on MSCs were examined. MSCs demonstrated suppressed osteogenic differentiation after 1 µM PJ34 treatment without cytotoxicity, while differentiation of MSCs into chondrocytes or adipocytes was unaffected. PJ34 suppressed mRNA induction of osteogenic markers, such as Runx2, Osterix, Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2, Osteocalcin, bone sialoprotein, and Osteopontin, and protein levels of Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2, Osterix and Osteocalcin. PJ34 treatment also inhibited transcription factor regulators such as Smad1, Smad4, Smad5 and Smad8. Extracellular mineralized matrix formation was also diminished. These results strongly suggest that PARP inhibitors are capable of suppressing osteogenic differentiation and poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation may play a physiological role in this process through regulation of BMP-2 signaling. Therefore, PARP inhibition may potentially attenuate osteogenic metabolism, implicating cautious use of PARP inhibitors for cancer treatments and monitoring of patient bone metabolism levels.
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Diouf S, Folquet M, Mbofung K, Ndiaye O, Brou K, Dupont C, N'dri D, Vuillerod M, Azaïs-Braesco V, Tetanye E. [Prevalence and determinants of anemia in young children in French-speaking Africa. Role of iron deficiency]. Arch Pediatr 2015; 22:1188-97. [PMID: 26433575 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcped.2015.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Revised: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 08/21/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Anemia and iron deficiency are major public health issues worldwide and particularly in Africa. Reliable information about their prevalence and associated factors is required to allow for effective actions. In this study, we used data from recent (2006-2012) large population health surveys, carried out in 11 French-speaking African countries (Benin, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Congo Brazzaville, Ivory Coast, Gabon, Guinea, Mali, Niger, Democratic Republic of Congo, and Senegal). Hemoglobin (Hb) was assessed and demographic and health-related parameters were obtained from nation-representative samples of children aged 6-59 months. Anemia (Hb<11g/dL) was found in 72.4% of the children (60.2-87.8%), with no gender difference but a slightly lower incidence in older children (62% at age 4-5 years versus 85% at age 9 months), especially for the more severe forms (2.1% versus 8.7%, respectively). Anemia was only slightly but significantly affected by location (75.5% in rural areas versus 67.3% in towns), income (79.8% in lower quintile of income versus 62.3% in higher quintile), or maternal education (74.1% in children from non-educated mothers versus 62.4% in children whose mothers had secondary education). Nearly 50% of women of child-bearing age had anemia. In the countries that report this information, less than 50% (17-65%) of children consumed iron-rich foods regularly and only 12% (7.4-20.5%) received iron supplementation. Infection and parasitism are known to affect some markers of iron status, because of the inflammatory reaction, thereby making the diagnosis of iron deficiency difficult. In the study countries, acute respiratory diseases and diarrhea affected 6.2 and 15.6% of children aged between 6 and 59 months, respectively; their distribution according to age and location is very different from the one of anemia, which is also the case for the distribution of malaria. It is thus likely that a large part of the anemia observed in young children is due to iron deficiency, although further research is needed to confirm this. This fully justifies the nationwide programs of iron fortification of flour, currently undergoing in most countries of French-speaking Africa. Their formal evaluation is still pending but the initial data suggest some efficacy, although far from optimal. It is thus likely that a more holistic approach, including iron fortification, actions against undernutrition and parasitism in children, and actions in favor of improving young women's iron and nutritional status, together with appropriate communication and education objectives, would be more effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Diouf
- Institut de pédiatrie, université Cheikh Anta Diop, BP 5593, Dakar, Sénégal
| | - M Folquet
- Service de pédiatrie, CHU Cocody, université Houphouet Boigny, 25 BP 567, Abidjan 25, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - K Mbofung
- Biochimie et nutrition humaine, université de Bamenda, BP 516, Bamenda, Cameroun
| | - O Ndiaye
- Service de pédiatrie et néonatologie, CHU Abass Ndao, université Cheikh Anta Diop, BP 15872, Dakar, Sénégal
| | - K Brou
- Laboratoire de nutrition et sécurité alimentaire, université Nangui Abrogoua, 02 BP 801, Abidjan 02, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - C Dupont
- Service des explorations digestives et fonctionnelles, hôpital Necker, 149, rue de Sèvres, 75015 Paris, France
| | - D N'dri
- Recherche et développement, Danone Nutricia Africa & Overseas - Cocody, 2, plateaux Valllons, 28 BP 651, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - M Vuillerod
- Danone Nutricia Africa & Overseas, 383, rue Philippe-Héron, 69653 Villefranche-sur-Saône cedex, France
| | - V Azaïs-Braesco
- VAB-nutrition, 1, rue Claude-Danziger, 63100 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - E Tetanye
- Université de Yaoundé, BP 2036, Yaoundé, Cameroun
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Luche E, Sengenès C, Arnaud E, Laharrague P, Casteilla L, Cousin B. Differential Hematopoietic Activity in White Adipose Tissue Depending on its Localization. J Cell Physiol 2015; 230:3076-83. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Elodie Luche
- CNRS UMR 5273; STROMALab; BP 84225; Toulouse France
- Université de Toulouse 3; UPS, BP 84225; Toulouse France
- INSERM U1031, BP 84225; Toulouse France
- EFS Pyrénées-Méditerranée, BP 84225; Toulouse France
| | - Coralie Sengenès
- CNRS UMR 5273; STROMALab; BP 84225; Toulouse France
- Université de Toulouse 3; UPS, BP 84225; Toulouse France
- INSERM U1031, BP 84225; Toulouse France
- EFS Pyrénées-Méditerranée, BP 84225; Toulouse France
| | - Emmanuelle Arnaud
- CNRS UMR 5273; STROMALab; BP 84225; Toulouse France
- Université de Toulouse 3; UPS, BP 84225; Toulouse France
- INSERM U1031, BP 84225; Toulouse France
- EFS Pyrénées-Méditerranée, BP 84225; Toulouse France
| | - Patrick Laharrague
- CNRS UMR 5273; STROMALab; BP 84225; Toulouse France
- Université de Toulouse 3; UPS, BP 84225; Toulouse France
- INSERM U1031, BP 84225; Toulouse France
- EFS Pyrénées-Méditerranée, BP 84225; Toulouse France
- Laboratoire d'Hématologie, TSA 50032; Toulouse France
| | - Louis Casteilla
- CNRS UMR 5273; STROMALab; BP 84225; Toulouse France
- Université de Toulouse 3; UPS, BP 84225; Toulouse France
- INSERM U1031, BP 84225; Toulouse France
- EFS Pyrénées-Méditerranée, BP 84225; Toulouse France
| | - Beatrice Cousin
- CNRS UMR 5273; STROMALab; BP 84225; Toulouse France
- Université de Toulouse 3; UPS, BP 84225; Toulouse France
- INSERM U1031, BP 84225; Toulouse France
- EFS Pyrénées-Méditerranée, BP 84225; Toulouse France
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Cousin B, Casteilla L, Laharrague P, Luche E, Lorsignol A, Cuminetti V, Paupert J. Immuno-metabolism and adipose tissue: The key role of hematopoietic stem cells. Biochimie 2015; 124:21-26. [PMID: 26107410 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2015.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 06/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The field of immunometabolism has come a long way in the past decade, leading to the emergence of a new role for white adipose tissue (WAT) that is now recognized to stand at the junction of immune and metabolic regulations. Interestingly, a crucial role of the abundant and heterogeneous immune population present in WAT has been proposed in the induction and development of metabolic diseases. Although a large body of data focused on mature immune cells, only few scattered studies are dedicated to leukocyte production, and the activity of hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) in these pathological states. Considering that blood cell production and the differentiation of HSCs and their progeny is orchestrated, in part, by complex interacting signals emanating from their microenvironment, it thus seems worth to better understand the relationships between metabolism and HSC. This review discusses the alterations of hematopoietic process described in metabolic diseases and focused on the emerging data concerning HSC present in WAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Cousin
- CNRS 5273, UMR STROMALab, F-31 432 Toulouse Cedex 4, France; Université de Toulouse 3, UPS, F-31 432 Toulouse Cedex 4, France; INSERM U1031, F-31 432 Toulouse Cedex 4, France; EFS Pyrénées -Méditerranée, BP 84225, F-31 432 Toulouse Cedex 4, France.
| | - L Casteilla
- CNRS 5273, UMR STROMALab, F-31 432 Toulouse Cedex 4, France; Université de Toulouse 3, UPS, F-31 432 Toulouse Cedex 4, France; INSERM U1031, F-31 432 Toulouse Cedex 4, France; EFS Pyrénées -Méditerranée, BP 84225, F-31 432 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - P Laharrague
- CNRS 5273, UMR STROMALab, F-31 432 Toulouse Cedex 4, France; Université de Toulouse 3, UPS, F-31 432 Toulouse Cedex 4, France; INSERM U1031, F-31 432 Toulouse Cedex 4, France; EFS Pyrénées -Méditerranée, BP 84225, F-31 432 Toulouse Cedex 4, France; Laboratoire d'Hématologie, TSA 50032, F-31059 Toulouse, France
| | - E Luche
- CNRS 5273, UMR STROMALab, F-31 432 Toulouse Cedex 4, France; Université de Toulouse 3, UPS, F-31 432 Toulouse Cedex 4, France; INSERM U1031, F-31 432 Toulouse Cedex 4, France; EFS Pyrénées -Méditerranée, BP 84225, F-31 432 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - A Lorsignol
- CNRS 5273, UMR STROMALab, F-31 432 Toulouse Cedex 4, France; Université de Toulouse 3, UPS, F-31 432 Toulouse Cedex 4, France; INSERM U1031, F-31 432 Toulouse Cedex 4, France; EFS Pyrénées -Méditerranée, BP 84225, F-31 432 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - V Cuminetti
- CNRS 5273, UMR STROMALab, F-31 432 Toulouse Cedex 4, France; Université de Toulouse 3, UPS, F-31 432 Toulouse Cedex 4, France; INSERM U1031, F-31 432 Toulouse Cedex 4, France; EFS Pyrénées -Méditerranée, BP 84225, F-31 432 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - J Paupert
- CNRS 5273, UMR STROMALab, F-31 432 Toulouse Cedex 4, France; Université de Toulouse 3, UPS, F-31 432 Toulouse Cedex 4, France; INSERM U1031, F-31 432 Toulouse Cedex 4, France; EFS Pyrénées -Méditerranée, BP 84225, F-31 432 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
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Chen C, Wu H, Zhong L, Wang X, Xing ZJ, Gao BH. Impacts of parathyroidectomy on renal anemia and nutritional status of hemodialysis patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism. Int J Clin Exp Med 2015; 8:9830-9838. [PMID: 26309665 PMCID: PMC4538062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2015] [Accepted: 02/28/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the impacts of parathyroidectomy (PTX) towards the renal anemia and nutritional status of hemodialysis patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT). 32 patients, enrolled into the blood purification center of our hospital for the hemodialysis treatment, were collected and divided into the PTX group and the non-PTX group, with 16 patients in each group. The changes of relevant indicators such as immunoreactive parathyroid hormone (iPTH), anemia and nutrition were observed before, 1-, 3-, 6-month after the treatment. The contents of iPTH, Ca, P and Ca × P of the PTX group decreased rapidly 1 month after the surgery; while Hb and Hct increased significantly from the 1st postoperative month; the dosage of EPO was significantly reduced 3-month after the surgery; the content of Alb gradually increased from the 3(rd) postoperative month; the content of TG decreased significantly from the 6(th) postoperative month; while the contents of BMI and TSF increased significantly from the 6(th) postoperative month, which exhibited the statistically significant differences when compared with the preoperative and the non-PTX group (P < 0.05). PTX could quickly reduce the iPTH level and significantly improve the renal anemia and nutritional status; SHPT was the important factor that would affect the renal anemia and malnutrition; PTX could reduce the amount of EPO, and reduce the economic burden of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Chen
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian UniversityDalian 116000, China
| | - Hua Wu
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian UniversityDalian 116000, China
| | - Lin Zhong
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian UniversityDalian 116000, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian UniversityDalian 116000, China
| | - Zhuang-Jie Xing
- Department of Vascular Surger, The Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian UniversityDalian 116000, China
| | - Bi-Hu Gao
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian UniversityDalian 116000, China
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Cuervo-Escobar S, Losada-Barragán M, Umaña-Pérez A, Porrozzi R, Saboia-Vahia L, Miranda LHM, Morgado FN, Menezes RC, Sánchez-Gómez M, Cuervo P. T-cell populations and cytokine expression are impaired in thymus and spleen of protein malnourished BALB/c mice infected with Leishmania infantum. PLoS One 2014; 9:e114584. [PMID: 25535967 PMCID: PMC4275170 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0114584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Accepted: 11/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a parasitic infectious disease that causes significant morbidity and mortality in the tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Although infections with visceralizing Leishmania may be asymptomatic, factors such as undernutrition increase the likelihood of progressing to clinical disease. Protein malnutrition, the most deleterious cause of malnutrition in developing countries, has been considered as a primary risk factor for the development of clinical VL. However, data regarding the immunological basis of this association are scarce. With the aim to analyze the effects of protein malnutrition on Leishmania infantum infection, we used BALB/c mice subjected to control or low protein isocaloric diets. Each animal group was divided into two subgroups and one was infected with L. infantum resulting in four study groups: animals fed 14% protein diet (CP), animals fed 4% protein diet (LP), animals fed 14% protein diet and infected (CPi), and animals fed 4% protein diet and infected (LPi).The susceptibility to L. infantum infection and immune responses were assessed in terms of body and lymphoid organ weight, parasite load, lymphocyte subpopulations, and cytokine expression. LPi mice had a significant reduction of body and lymphoid organ weight and exhibited a severe decrease of lymphoid follicles in the spleen. Moreover, LPi animals showed a significant decrease in CD4+CD8+ T cells in the thymus, whereas there was an increase of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells percentages in the spleen. Notably, the cytokine mRNA levels in the thymus and spleen of protein malnourished-infected animals were altered compared to the CP mice. Protein malnutrition results in a drastic dysregulation of T cells and cytokine expression in the thymus and spleen of L. infantum-infected BALB/c mice, which may lead to defective regulation of the thymocyte population and an impaired splenic immune response, accelerating the events of a normal course of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Cuervo-Escobar
- Laboratorio de Hormonas, Departamento de Química, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Monica Losada-Barragán
- Laboratorio de Pesquisa em Leishmaniose, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Adriana Umaña-Pérez
- Laboratorio de Hormonas, Departamento de Química, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Renato Porrozzi
- Laboratorio de Pesquisa em Leishmaniose, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Leonardo Saboia-Vahia
- Laboratorio de Pesquisa em Leishmaniose, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Luisa H M Miranda
- Instituto de Pesquisa Clínica Evandro Chagas, IPEC, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Fernanda N Morgado
- Laboratorio de Pesquisa em Leishmaniose, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Rodrigo C Menezes
- Instituto de Pesquisa Clínica Evandro Chagas, IPEC, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Myriam Sánchez-Gómez
- Laboratorio de Hormonas, Departamento de Química, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Patricia Cuervo
- Laboratorio de Pesquisa em Leishmaniose, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
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Vargas-Martínez F, Uvnäs-Moberg K, Petersson M, Olausson HA, Jiménez-Estrada I. Neuropeptides as neuroprotective agents: Oxytocin a forefront developmental player in the mammalian brain. Prog Neurobiol 2014; 123:37-78. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2014.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Tanabe S. Role of mesenchymal stem cells in cell life and their signaling. World J Stem Cells 2014; 6:24-32. [PMID: 24567785 PMCID: PMC3927011 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v6.i1.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2013] [Revised: 11/18/2013] [Accepted: 12/13/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have various roles in the body and cellular environment, and the cellular phenotypes of MSCs changes in different conditions. MSCs support the maintenance of other cells, and the capacity of MSCs to differentiate into several cell types makes the cells unique and full of possibilities. The involvement of MSCs in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition is an important property of these cells. In this review, the role of MSCs in cell life, including their application in therapy, is first described, and the signaling mechanism of MSCs is investigated for a further understanding of these cells.
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