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Koet LBM, Velek P, Bindels PJE, Bohnen AM, de Schepper EIT, Gerger H. Children and young people's consultation rates for psychosocial problems between 2016 and 2021 in the Netherlands. Eur J Gen Pract 2024; 30:2357780. [PMID: 38832626 DOI: 10.1080/13814788.2024.2357780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Worldwide, there are concerns about declining mental health of children and young people (CYP). OBJECTIVES To examine trends in GP consultation rates for psychosocial problems and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS We performed a population-based cohort study using electronic GP records of CYP (0-24 years) living in the Rotterdam metropolitan area between 2016 and 2021. We calculated monthly consultation rates for psychosocial problems, stratified by age group and sex. We used negative binomial models to model the pre-COVID-19 trend, and estimate expected rates post-COVID-19 onset. We modelled the effect of COVID-19 infection rate and school closure on consultation rates per sex and age group. RESULTS The cohort increased from 64801 to 92093 CYP between January 2016 and December 2021. Median age was 12.5 years and 49.3% was female. Monthly consultation rates increased from 2,443 to 4,542 consultations per 100,000 patient months over the six years. This trend (RR 1.009, 95%CI 1.008-1.011) started well before the COVID-19 pandemic. Consultation rates of adolescent girls and young women increased most strongly. Between March and May 2020, there was a temporary reduction in consultation rates, whereupon these returned to expected levels. COVID-19 infection rate and school closures showed small but significant associations with consultation rates for psychosocial problems but this did not affect the overall trend. Although consultation rates for psychosocial problems increased, this increment was stable over the entire study period. CONCLUSION The COVID-19 pandemic did not significantly increase consultation rates for psychosocial problems in CYP. The consultation rates increased, especially in adolescent girls and young women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas B M Koet
- Department of General Practice, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Premysl Velek
- Department of General Practice, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Patrick J E Bindels
- Department of General Practice, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Arthur M Bohnen
- Department of General Practice, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Evelien I T de Schepper
- Department of General Practice, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Heike Gerger
- Department of General Practice, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Open University, Heerlen, The Netherlands
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Bergström T, Valtanen K, Miettunen J, Gauffin T, Kurtti M. Temporal patterns in adolescent psychiatric treatment and outcomes: a nationwide register-based cohort follow-up. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2024:10.1007/s00787-024-02554-z. [PMID: 39141103 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-024-02554-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
The rise in mental health problems among adolescents in high-income countries presents a challenge to service systems. For the development of services, there is a need for better insight into temporal psychiatric treatment-trends and outcomes. This study aims to analyze time-trends in both psychiatric treatment patterns and outcomes, utilizing a national sample of all adolescents receiving psychiatric treatment in Finland from 2003 to 2013. For time-trend-analysis, the sample was divided into two cohorts, using the onset year of 2008 as a cutoff. For each case, information on psychiatric treatment was gathered from registers within a five-year follow-up period from the onset of treatment or to death. The association between the inclusion year and outcome variables was studied via weighted generalized linear models. Adolescents in the latter cohort had a greater proportion (p < 0.001) of mood and anxiety diagnoses, a lower likelihood of hospitalization, a higher average of outpatient visits, and greater usage of psychotropics (excluding benzodiazepines). Those whose treatment began after 2008 were more likely to be alive (baseline characteristic adjusted Odds Ratio (aOR): 0.7, 95%CI: 0.6-0.8) and still in treatment contact (aOR: 1.4, 95%CI: 1.3-1.4) after four years from the onset. There was no difference in the long-term disability ratio. The results indicate favorable developments towards outpatient care in mental health services for adolescents with a significant decrease in mortality. Approaches to further developing cost-effective, personalized mental health services are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomi Bergström
- Department of Psychology, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland.
- Department of Psychiatry, Wellbeing Services County of Lapland, Kemi, Finland.
| | - Kari Valtanen
- Department of Psychiatry, Wellbeing Services County of Lapland, Kemi, Finland
| | - Jouko Miettunen
- Research Unit of Population Health, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Tapio Gauffin
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Strategic Services, Wellbeing Services County of Lapland, Rovaniemi, Finland
| | - Mia Kurtti
- Department of Psychiatry, Wellbeing Services County of Lapland, Kemi, Finland
- Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Edge D, Watkins E, Newbold A, Ehring T, Frost M, Rosenkranz T. Evaluating the Effects of a Self-Help Mobile Phone App on Worry and Rumination Experienced by Young Adults: Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 2024; 12:e51932. [PMID: 39137411 DOI: 10.2196/51932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Delivery of preventative interventions via mobile phone apps offers an effective and accessible way to address the global priority of improving the mental health of adolescents and young adults. A proven risk factor for anxiety and depression is elevated worry and rumination, also known as repetitive negative thinking (RNT). OBJECTIVE This was a prevention mechanism trial that aimed to investigate whether an RNT-targeting self-help mobile phone app (MyMoodCoach) reduces worry and rumination in young adults residing in the United Kingdom. A secondary objective was to test whether the app reduces symptoms of anxiety and depression and improves well-being. METHODS A web-based, single-blind, 2-arm parallel-group randomized controlled trial was conducted with 236 people aged between 16 and 24 years, who self-reported high levels of worry or rumination. Eligible participants were randomized to an active intervention group (usual practice, plus up to 6 weeks of using the RNT-targeting mobile app, n=119) or a waitlist control group (usual practice with no access to the app until after 6 weeks, n=117). The primary outcome was changes in worry and rumination 6 weeks after randomization. Secondary outcomes included changes in well-being and symptoms of anxiety and depression after 6 weeks and changes in all measures after 12 weeks. RESULTS Participants randomly allocated to use the RNT-targeting self-help app showed significantly lower levels of rumination (mean difference -2.92, 95% CI -5.57 to -0.28; P=.03; ηp2=0.02) and worry (mean difference -3.97, 95% CI -6.21 to -1.73; P<.001; ηp2=0.06) at 6-week follow-up, relative to the waitlist control. Similar differences were observed for well-being (P<.001), anxiety (P=.03), and depression (P=.04). The waitlist control group also showed improvement when given access to the app after 6 weeks. Improvements observed in the intervention group after 6 weeks of using the app were maintained at the 12-week follow-up point. CONCLUSIONS The MyMoodCoach app had a significant positive effect on worry and rumination, well-being, anxiety, and depression in young adults, relative to waitlist controls, providing proof-of-principle that an unguided self-help app can effectively reduce RNT. This app, therefore, has potential for the prevention of anxiety and depression although longer-term effects on incidence need to be directly evaluated. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04950257; https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04950257. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) RR2-10.1186/s12888-021-03536-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Edge
- Mood Disorders Centre, School of Psychology, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Edward Watkins
- Mood Disorders Centre, School of Psychology, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Alexandra Newbold
- Mood Disorders Centre, School of Psychology, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Ehring
- Department of Psychology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Tabea Rosenkranz
- Department of Psychology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
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4
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Campos S, Nuñez D, Pérez JC, Robinson J. Characterization of Psychopathology in Latin American Adolescents Using a Web-Based Screening Tool: Cross-Sectional Study. JMIR Form Res 2024; 8:e57038. [PMID: 39116425 PMCID: PMC11342013 DOI: 10.2196/57038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mental health problems and suicide ideation are common in adolescents. Early detection of these issues could prevent the escalation of mental health-related symptoms in the long term. Moreover, characterizing different profiles of prevalent symptoms in conjunction with emotional regulation strategies could guide the design of specific interventions. The use of web-based screening (WBS) tools has been regarded as a suitable strategy to timely detect symptomatology while improving the appeal, cost, timeliness, and reach of detection in young populations. However, the evidence regarding the accuracy of these approaches is not fully conclusive. OBJECTIVE The study aims (1) to examine the capability of a WBS to identify adolescents with psychiatric symptoms and suicidality and (2) to characterize the mental health profiles of a large sample of adolescents using WBS. METHODS A total of 1599 Latin American Spanish-speaking adolescents (mean age 15.56, SD 1.34 years), consisting of 47.3% (n=753) female, 98.5% Chilean (n=1570), and 1.5% Venezuelan (n=24) participants, responded to a mental health WBS. A randomized subsample of participants also responded to the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview for Children and Adolescents (MINI-KID). McNemar χ2 and receiver-operating characteristic curves tested the detection accuracy of WBS contrasted with the MINI-KID. Latent profile analyses explored the symptomatic and emotional regulation profiles of participants. RESULTS Both measures showed an adequate level of agreement (area under the curve per symptom domain ranging from 0.70 to 0.89); however, WBS yielded a higher prevalence than MINI-KID for all psychiatric symptoms, except suicide ideation and depression. Latent profile analyses yielded 4 profiles-one of them presented elevated psychopathological symptoms, constituting 11% of the sample (n=175). Rumination (odds ratio [OR] 130.15, 95% CI 51.75-439.89; P<.001), entrapment (OR 96.35, 95% CI 29.21-317.79; P<.001), and defeat (OR 156.79, 95% CI 50.45-487.23; P<.001) contributed significantly to the prediction of latent profile memberships, while cognitive reappraisal did not contribute to the prediction of any latent profile memberships, and expressive suppression was only associated to profile-2 membership. CONCLUSIONS WBS is acceptable for the timely detection of adolescents at risk of mental health conditions. Findings from the symptomatic and emotional regulation profiles highlight the need for comprehensive assessments and differential interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Campos
- Center of Applied Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Talca, campus Talca, Talca, Chile
- Millennium Nucleus to Improve the Mental Health of Adolescents and Youths (Imhay), Santiago, Chile
| | - Daniel Nuñez
- Millennium Nucleus to Improve the Mental Health of Adolescents and Youths (Imhay), Santiago, Chile
- Center of Cognitive Sciences, Faculty of Psychology, University of Talca, Talca, Chile
- Faculty of Psychology, University of Talca, Campus Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - J Carola Pérez
- Instituto de Bienestar Socioemocional, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jo Robinson
- Orygen, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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Muwonge JJ, Dalman C, Burström B, de Leon AP, Galanti MR, Jablonska B, Hollander AC. Are the estimated needs for mental health care among adolescents from different socioeconomic backgrounds met equally in Sweden? A longitudinal survey-registry linkage study. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2024; 33:2581-2591. [PMID: 38157010 PMCID: PMC11272712 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-023-02341-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Evidence of inequality in the utilisation of mental health care (MHC) by adolescents in Nordic countries is mixed. This study aims to investigate if there are socioeconomic differences in the utilisation of MHC, while accounting for adolescents' mental health status. We analysed a cohort of 3517 adolescents, followed from 7 to 9th grade (ages 13-16), to examine the association between parental socioeconomic position (SEP: education and disposable income), adolescents' estimated needs, and the utilisation of MHC (defined as visits to secondary psychiatric care or receipt of psychotropic medication). Logistic and negative binomial regression models, with mental health status as moderator, were used to predict utilisation during each grade. Lower SEP predicted higher odds of utilising MHC in adolescents with no/mild symptoms (e.g., odds ratio, OR = 1.33, 95% CI 1.04-1.72, lower vs highest education), but not in those with moderate-to-severe symptoms (estimates close to one and non-significant). This pattern was largely explained by treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder/autism spectrum disorders (ADHD/ASD) in boys. For girls with severe symptoms, lower SEP predicted reduced odds of utilising MHC for other mental disorders (OR = 0.48, 95% CI 0.25-0.92, lower education), and fewer outpatient visits when in contact with such care, although non-significant (incidence rate ratio, IRR = 0.51, 95% CI 0.25-1.05, lowest vs highest income). Our findings suggest a more equitable use of MHC for treating ADHD/ASD, but not other mental disorders such as depression and anxiety, particularly among girls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Jr Muwonge
- Centre for Epidemiology and Community Medicine, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Christina Dalman
- Centre for Epidemiology and Community Medicine, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bo Burström
- Centre for Epidemiology and Community Medicine, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Antonio Ponce de Leon
- Centre for Epidemiology and Community Medicine, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Beata Jablonska
- Centre for Epidemiology and Community Medicine, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
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Wu Y, Zhang Y, Wang C, Huang B. A meta-analysis on the lifetime and period prevalence of self-injury among adolescents with depression. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1434958. [PMID: 39145175 PMCID: PMC11322151 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1434958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Adolescents are vulnerable to mental disorders due to physiological, psychosocial, and cognitive changes during this critical developmental stage. Depression, in particular, can lead to high-risk behaviors such as self-injury (SI) and suicide. This study aims to estimate the pooled prevalence of SI behaviors among adolescents with depression. Materials and methods We systematically searched databases including EMBASE, Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Sciences for relevant articles published on adolescents with depression from January 1, 2000, to January 1, 2024. The quality assessment of the studies was conducted using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) criteria. The global prevalence of SI was calculated based on a random effects model using Stata software version 17. Results Our analysis included 29 studies involving 12,934 adolescents. The lifetime prevalence of SI was 52% (95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 41-64), while the period prevalence was 57% (95% CI: 49-64). Notably, a significant relationship was observed between the prevalence of SI and the year of publication of articles (p = 0.002). Furthermore, publication bias was not significant for both lifetime prevalence (p = 0.281) and period prevalence (0.358). Conclusion The prevalence of self-injurious behaviors in adolescents with depression is alarmingly high, with more than half of adolescents having engaged in these high-risk behaviors during their lifetime or within the last year. Given the associated risk of suicide, it is crucial to identify individuals at risk and provide timely interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Wu
- Emergency Department, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yanhong Zhang
- Nursing Department, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chengzhen Wang
- Emergency Department, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Beibei Huang
- Emergency Department, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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7
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Kinzenbach L, Praum K, Stracke M, Schwenck C, Kieser M, Otto K, Reck C, Steinmayr R, Wirthwein L, Zietlow AL, Christiansen H. "When one has no REAL illness"-analysis of the knowledge component of mental health literacy in children and adolescents of parents with a mental illness. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1423326. [PMID: 39140110 PMCID: PMC11320061 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1423326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction and objective Mental Health Literacy (MHL) is important in promoting youth mental health. One key aspect of MHL is knowledge about mental disorders, which is particularly relevant for populations at risk for developing mental disorders, such as children of parents with a mental illness (COPMI), representing a mechanism within the transgenerational transmission. Currently, COPMI's level of disorder knowledge in general, and about the specific parental disorder has not been comprehensively researched. We, therefore, aimed to assess COPMI's disorder knowledge and clarify its association with COPMI's age and sex exploratively. To assess both general and disorder-specific knowledge, we took a novel approach that makes disorder knowledge comparable across samples and over time. Methods A mixed method analysis of N = 181 semi-structured MHL interviews with COPMI (aged 5 to 17 years) was carried out in the COMPARE-family study in Germany. We conducted a DSM-oriented deductive qualitative content analysis to assess COPMI's general and specific disorder knowledge. Chi-square tests served to identify age and sex differences. Results Children revealed limited knowledge of mental disorders in general, whereas adolescents displayed more knowledge that was also partly consistent with descriptions of classification systems like the DSM-5. The level of specific knowledge about the parent's disorder depended on the disorder group. More children displayed adequate knowledge of somatic and anxiety disorders compared to trauma and depressive disorders, and more adolescents displayed adequate knowledge of depressive and anxiety disorders. COPMI's age and sex were found to be significantly associated with disorder knowledge: adolescents exhibited higher levels of adequate general and specific disorder knowledge, and males exhibited higher levels of adequate general disorder knowledge. Conclusion Assessing COPMI's disorder knowledge and identifying associated age and sex differences yield valuable insights into the knowledge component of the MHL theory. Our findings can help to improve psychoeducational interventions for COPMI by orienting them to their prevailing levels of disorder knowledge. We recommend employing and extending the DSM-oriented deductive approach to assess knowledge within MHL. Analyses involving additional assessments within the COMPARE-family study are in preparation to identify potential knowledge gains over time, and associations to COPMI's own well-being and mental health symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Kinzenbach
- Department of Psychology, Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Katharina Praum
- Department of Psychology, Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Markus Stracke
- Department of Psychology, Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Christina Schwenck
- Department of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Meinhard Kieser
- Institute of Medical Biometry, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kathleen Otto
- Department of Work and Organizational Psychology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Corinna Reck
- Department of Psychology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Ricarda Steinmayr
- Department of Psychology, Technical University Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Linda Wirthwein
- Department of Psychology, Technical University Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Anna-Lena Zietlow
- Department of Psychology, Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Hanna Christiansen
- Department of Psychology, Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
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Coughlan EC, Heyland LK, Sheaves A, Parlee M, Wiley C, Page D, Hill TG. Characteristics of mental health literacy measurement in youth: a scoping review of school-based surveys. DISCOVER MENTAL HEALTH 2024; 4:24. [PMID: 39023816 PMCID: PMC11258117 DOI: 10.1007/s44192-024-00079-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Mental health literacy (MHL) was introduced 25 years ago as knowledge and beliefs about mental disorders which aid in their recognition, management, or prevention. This scoping review mapped the peer-reviewed literature to assess characteristics of secondary school-based surveys in school-attending youth and explore components of school-based programs for fostering MHL in this population. The search was performed following the method for scoping reviews by the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI). Searches were conducted in four scientific databases with no time limit, although all sources had to be written in English. Primary studies (N = 44) provided insight into MHL surveys and programs for school-attending youth across 6 continents. Studies reported that most youth experience moderate or low MHL prior to program participation. School-based MHL programs are relatively unified in their definition and measures of MHL, using closed-ended scales, vignettes, or a combination of the two to measure youth MHL. However, before developing additional interventions, steps should be taken to address areas of weakness in current programming, such as the lack of a standardized tool for assessing MHL levels. Future research could assess the feasibility of developing and implementing a standard measurement protocol, with educator perspectives on integrating MHL efforts into the classroom. Identifying the base levels of MHL amongst school-attending youth promotes the development of targeted programs and reviewing the alignment with program components would allow researchers to build on what works, alter what does not, and come away with new ways to approach these complex challenges, ultimately advancing knowledge of MHL and improving levels of MHL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma C Coughlan
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, 1355 Oxford St, Halifax, NS, B3H 4J1, Canada
| | - Lindsay K Heyland
- Department of Psychology, Mount Saint Vincent University, Halifax, Canada
| | - Ashton Sheaves
- Department of Psychology, Mount Saint Vincent University, Halifax, Canada
| | - Madeline Parlee
- Department of Psychology, Mount Saint Vincent University, Halifax, Canada
| | - Cassidy Wiley
- Department of Psychology, Mount Saint Vincent University, Halifax, Canada
| | - Damian Page
- Department of School and Clinical Child Psychology, Ontario Institute for Studies in Education at University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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Mebrahtu H, Chimbindi N, Zuma T, Dreyer J, Mthiyane N, Seeley J, Shahmanesh M, Sherr L, Harling G. Incident pregnancy and mental health among adolescent girls and young women in rural KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa: an observational cohort study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADOLESCENCE AND YOUTH 2024; 29:2371414. [PMID: 39035705 PMCID: PMC11259029 DOI: 10.1080/02673843.2024.2371414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Pregnancy can place adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) at risk of poor mental health. However, evidence linking youth pregnancy to mental health in resource-limited settings is limited, especially where HIV incidence is high. We analysed a population-representative cohort of AGYW aged 13-25 in rural KwaZulu-Natal to assess how adolescent pregnancy predicts subsequent mental health. Among 1851 respondents, incident pregnancy (self-reported past-12-month) rose from 0.7% at age 14 to 22.1% by 18. Probable common mental disorder (CMD; 14-item Shona Symptom Questionnaire) prevalence was 19.1%. In adjusted Poisson regression recent pregnancy was associated with slightly higher probable CMD (adjusted prevalence ratio [aPR] 1.19, 95%CI 0.96-1.49), and stronger association among 13-15 year-olds (aPR 3.25, 95%CI 1.50-7.03), but not with HIV serostatus. These findings suggest a possible incremental mental health impact of being pregnant earlier than peers, pointing to the need for age-appropriate mental health interventions for AGYW in resource-limited settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Mebrahtu
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Natsayi Chimbindi
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK
- Africa Health Research Institute, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
- School of Nursing & Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
| | - Thembelihle Zuma
- Africa Health Research Institute, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
- School of Nursing & Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK
| | - Jaco Dreyer
- Africa Health Research Institute, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
| | - Nondumiso Mthiyane
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK
- Africa Health Research Institute, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
| | - Janet Seeley
- Africa Health Research Institute, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
- Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Maryam Shahmanesh
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK
- Africa Health Research Institute, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
| | - Lorraine Sherr
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Guy Harling
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK
- Africa Health Research Institute, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
- School of Nursing & Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
- MRC/Wits Rural Public Health & Health Transitions Research Unit (Agincourt), University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa
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Marín-Gutiérrez M, Caqueo-Urízar A, Castillo-Francino J, Escobar-Soler C. The 5Cs of positive youth development: their impact on symptoms of depression, anxiety, stress, and emotional distress in Chilean adolescents. BMC Psychol 2024; 12:372. [PMID: 38951933 PMCID: PMC11218329 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-024-01863-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Effective approaches to addressing mental health challenges faced by adolescents require a deep understanding of the factors contributing to optimal development, well-being, and prosperity. From the perspective of Positive Youth Development (PYD), this study proposes to examine the relationship between the 5Cs of PYD (Competence, Confidence, Connection, Character, and Caring) and symptoms of depression, anxiety, stress, and emotional distress among Chilean adolescents. A quantitative, cross-sectional, non-experimental study was conducted with 425 adolescents (ages 12 to 19, M = 14.95, SD = 1.81) from three Chilean cities: Arica (23%), Alto Hospicio (32%), and Iquique (46%). Data analysis included the use of confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and structural equation modeling (SEM). The results indicate that two of the 5Cs, Confidence and Connection, have a significant negative direct effect on the four evaluated criterion indicators. These findings contribute to the literature on positive youth development in Latin America and underscore the importance of fostering confidence and connection in interventions aimed at promoting the mental health of adolescents in Chile and in similar contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alejandra Caqueo-Urízar
- Instituto de Alta Investigación, Universidad de Tarapacá, 18 de Septiembre 2222, Arica, Chile
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Caamaño-Navarrete F, Del-Cuerpo I, Arriagada-Hernández C, Alvarez C, Gaya AR, Reuter CP, Delgado-Floody P. Association between Active Commuting and Lifestyle Parameters with Mental Health Problems in Chilean Children and Adolescent. Behav Sci (Basel) 2024; 14:554. [PMID: 39062377 PMCID: PMC11273756 DOI: 10.3390/bs14070554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about the association between active commuting (i.e., walking or cycling to school) with lifestyle parameters and mental health in youths. The objective of the present study was to investigate the association between mental health problems and symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress with lifestyle (i.e., food habits, screen time, physical activity, and sleep quality), active commuting, and gender. METHODS A total of 511 children and adolescents (boys, n = 249; girls, n = 262) aged 10 to 17 years participated in the study. Lifestyle parameters and mental health were evaluated using the Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21). RESULTS Girls reported higher levels of anxiety (p = 0.001), depression (p = 0.001), and stress (p = 0.001). Mental health problems showed a positive association with gender (girls, β = 3.06, p < 0.001) and a negative association with food habits (β = -0.65, p = 0.019). Anxiety was positively associated with gender (β = 7.88, p < 0.001) and negatively associated with food habits (β = -0.23, p = 0.019). Gender (girls) and food habits were also associated with symptoms of depression (β = 2.29, p < 0.001 and β = -0.27, p = 0.005, respectively). Finally, active commuting was inversely associated with stress (β = -1.24, p = 0.008), and stress was positively linked to gender (β = 2.53, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Active commuting, lifestyle parameters, and gender were associated with mental health in children and adolescents. Moreover, girls reported higher levels of anxiety, symptoms of depression, and stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Caamaño-Navarrete
- Physical Education Career, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Temuco 4780000, Chile; (F.C.-N.); (C.A.-H.)
| | - Indya Del-Cuerpo
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sports Sciences, University of Granada, 18010 Granada, Spain;
- Strength & Conditioning Laboratory, CTS-642 Research Group, Department Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sports Sciences, University of Granada, 18010 Granada, Spain
| | - Carlos Arriagada-Hernández
- Physical Education Career, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Temuco 4780000, Chile; (F.C.-N.); (C.A.-H.)
- Grupo de Investigación Colaborativa para el Desarrollo Escolar (GICDE), Temuco 4780000, Chile
| | - Cristian Alvarez
- Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, School of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago 7591538, Chile;
| | - Anelise Reis Gaya
- Graduate Program in Human Movement Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90690-200, Brazil;
| | - Cézane Priscila Reuter
- Graduate Program in Health Promotion, University of Santa Cruz do Sul, Independência Av.2293-Universitário, Santa Cruz do Sul 96815-900, Brazil;
| | - Pedro Delgado-Floody
- Department of Physical Education, Sport and Recreation, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
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12
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Köse Kabakcıoğlu N, Ayaz-Alkaya S. The effect of progressive muscle relaxation on stress, anxiety, and depression in adolescents: A quasi-experimental design. J Pediatr Nurs 2024; 78:89-96. [PMID: 38905787 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedn.2024.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mental problems that may lead to many adverse health outcomes are increasing among adolescents. Interventions are needed to prevent mental problems in adolescents. PURPOSE The present study aimed to assess the effect of progressive muscle relaxation in reducing stress, anxiety, and depression levels in adolescents. DESIGN AND METHODS A quasi-experimental design was performed. The study population consisted of 12th-grade students studying in two high schools in Turkiye. Adolescents were allocated to intervention and control groups in a ratio of 1:2, considering their preferences. A total of 88 students (intervention = 31; control = 57) completed the study. Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-42) were used to collect the data. Online progressive muscle relaxation was implemented in the intervention group over eight weeks. RESULTS There was a statistically significant difference between the intervention and control groups regarding stress, anxiety, and depression pre-test mean scores. The correction of DASS-42 pre-test mean scores was performed by covariance analysis. There was a statistically significant difference in the post-test stress, anxiety, and depression mean scores of the adolescents in the intervention group according to the corrected DASS-42 pre-test mean scores. CONCLUSION The study concluded that progressive muscle relaxation reduced stress, anxiety, and depression in adolescents. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS School nurses could implement progressive muscle relaxation to support adolescents in managing stress, anxiety, and depression.
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Milas G, Ćavar F, Ribar M. How much stressful life events really matter? Conceptual and methodological difficulties in assessing the impact of self-reported events on adolescents' subjective stress. Stress Health 2024; 40:e3335. [PMID: 37861340 DOI: 10.1002/smi.3335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Numerous studies have pointed to the strong impact of stressful life events on subjective stress and indirectly on the adolescents' mental health. However, the results of many such studies contain bias caused by the choice of measurement method or an incomplete theoretical framework. To estimate the extent of possible bias when using self-reports, we conducted research on a representative sample of 2201 Croatian adolescents aged 14-18 years. Using manipulation we examined the influence of measurement method and the number of constructs included in the model on the variance of subjective stress explained by stressful events. Structural equation modelling indicated that different measurement methods, occurrence-based and severity-based, provide a marked discrepancy in the impact size estimation. The occurrence-based method provided estimates of a much smaller proportion of the explained variance (6%-25%) compared to the severity-based approach, which estimated the explained variance in the range of 25%-55% depending on the model. The complexity of the tested models additionally contributed to the variation in the estimates. It is recommended that when using self-reports to measure stressful life events, occurrence-based and severity-based methods are used simultaneously and that impact estimates are expressed within intervals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goran Milas
- Institute of Social Sciences "Ivo Pilar", Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Filipa Ćavar
- Institute of Social Sciences "Ivo Pilar", Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Maja Ribar
- Institute of Social Sciences "Ivo Pilar", Zagreb, Croatia
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14
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Koet LBM, Gerger H, Jansen W, Bindels PJE, de Schepper EIT. Evaluation of practice nurses' management of paediatric psychosocial problems in general practice. J Public Health (Oxf) 2024; 46:e261-e268. [PMID: 38299893 PMCID: PMC11141612 DOI: 10.1093/pubmed/fdae008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Child mental health services are under major pressure worldwide. In the Netherlands, Youth Mental Health Practice Nurses (YMHPNs) have been introduced in general practice to improve access to care. In this study, we evaluated care delivered by YMHPNs. METHODS We used medical records of a population-based cohort (21 717 children, 0-17 years). Characteristics of children consulting a YMHPN, type of problem, care delivered by YMHPNs and referrals were assessed using quantitative content analysis. RESULTS Records of 375 children (mean age 12.9 years, 59.2% girl) were analysed. These children were often in their adolescence (57.3% was between 13 and 17 years), and more often female than male (59.2% vs 40.8%). YMHPNs had a median of four consultations (IQR 2-7) with the child. YMHPNs managed a variety of psychosocial problems. YMHPNs managed 22.4% of children without need of referral, 52.0% were eventually referred for additional care. 13.3% of children dropped out during the treatment trajectory. In the remaining 12.3% of children, the treatment trajectory was stopped because the child was already attending specialized services, the treatment trajectory was still ongoing or the medical record was inconclusive. CONCLUSIONS YMHPNs successfully managed one in four children with psychosocial problems without need for referral. Nevertheless, most children were eventually referred for additional care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas B M Koet
- Department of General Practice, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, 3000 CA Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Heike Gerger
- Department of General Practice, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, 3000 CA Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Open University, 6419 AT Heerlen, the Netherlands
| | - Wilma Jansen
- Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, 3000 CA Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Youth, City of Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Patrick J E Bindels
- Department of General Practice, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, 3000 CA Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Evelien I T de Schepper
- Department of General Practice, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, 3000 CA Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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Andersén MB, Revenäs Å, Lostelius PV, Olsson EMG, Bring A, Ring L. "It's about how you take in things with your brain" - young people's perspectives on mental health and help seeking: an interview study. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:1095. [PMID: 38643072 PMCID: PMC11031856 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18617-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Poor mental health in young people has become a growing problem globally over the past decades. However, young people have also been shown to underutilize available healthcare resources. The World Health Organisation (WHO) has formulated guidelines for youth-friendly health services (YFHSs) to increase youth participation in healthcare. Still, little is known about how young people using these services perceive mental health, indicating a knowledge gap concerning the subjective evaluation of their mental health. AIM To investigate how young people visiting youth health clinics (YHC) perceive the concept of mental health and factors they view as central to maintaining mental health. METHODS In total 21 interviews were carried out, 16 in 2018, and 5 in 2023 to assure no changes in findings after the COVID-19 pandemic. Subjects were recruited during visits to youth health clinics (YHCs) in mid-Sweden and were aged 15-23 years. Recruitment strived to achieve heterogeneity in the sample concerning gender, sexual orientation, gender identity and age. Interviews were transcribed and analysed using qualitative content analysis. FINDINGS Findings of the analysis revealed two themes, "Mental health is helped and hindered by the surroundings" and "Mental health is difficult to understand and difficult to achieve". The participants described their health as highly dependent on their social surroundings, and that these are important to maintaining health but may also affect health negatively. They described mixed experiences of the health care services and mentioned prerequisites for seeking care for mental health problems such as accessibility and respect for their integrity, including the right to turn down offered treatment. The informants also viewed mental health as an ongoing undertaking that one must work for, and that it is sometimes difficult to know what constitutes mental health. They also expressed a need from healthcare services to enquire about their health, and to show an active interest in how they are doing. CONCLUSIONS Findings underline the need of young people's individual needs to be met in the healthcare system and their vulnerability to their social surroundings. Health status assessments in young people should consider social and individual factors to fully capture mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikael B Andersén
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
- Region Uppsala, Primary Care and Health, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Åsa Revenäs
- Centre for Clinical Research, Region Västmanland - Uppsala University, Västmanland Hospital Västerås, Västerås, Sweden
- School of Health, Care and Social Welfare, Mälardalen University, Västerås, Sweden
- Orthopedic clinic, Västmanland Hospital Västerås, Västerås, Sweden
| | - Petra V Lostelius
- Centre for Clinical Research, Region Västmanland - Uppsala University, Västmanland Hospital Västerås, Västerås, Sweden
- School of Health, Care and Social Welfare, Mälardalen University, Västerås, Sweden
- Clinic for Pain Rehabilitation Västmanland, Region Västmanland, Västerås, Sweden
| | - Erik M G Olsson
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Annika Bring
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lena Ring
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Region Uppsala, Primary Care and Health, Uppsala, Sweden
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16
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Hunduma G, Dessie Y, Geda B, Assebe Yadeta T, Deyessa N. Mental health dynamics of adolescents: A one-year longitudinal study in Harari, eastern Ethiopia. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0300752. [PMID: 38635790 PMCID: PMC11025968 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0300752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
AIMS This study aims to assess the dynamics of in-school adolescents' mental health problems in Harari regional state, eastern Ethiopia for a year. MATERIALS AND METHODS Using multistage sampling technique, we conducted a year-long longitudinal study at three public high schools between March 2020 and 2021. Three hundred fifty-eight in-school adolescents were chosen by systematic random sampling for the baseline assessment, and 328 completed the follow-up assessment. We used self-administered, adolescent version of SDQ-25 Questionnaire to collect the data. Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed-rank test and McNemara's Chi-squared tests were used to examine the median difference and distribution of mental health problems between times one and two. Random-effects logistic regressions on panel data was used to identify factors associated with mental health problems. A p-value < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. RESULTS The magnitude of overall mental health problems at baseline assessment was 20.11% (95% CI: 16-25), with internalizing problems accounting for 27.14% (95% CI: 23-32) and externalizing problems accounting for 7.01% (95% CI: 4.6-10.3). At the follow-up assessment, these proportions rose to 22.56% (95% CI, 18-27) for overall problems and 10.3% (95% CI, 7.7-14.45) for externalizing problems. On other hand, internalizing problems decreased unexpectedly to 22.86% (95% CI, 18.6-27.7) at follow-up assessment. Internalizing problem scores at time two were significantly lower than baseline among older adolescents, girls and those with average wealth index in our study cohort. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of mental health problems were high among the study cohort. The proportion of overall problems and externalizing problems has increased over time, indicating a deterioration in the mental health of the study cohort. However, the decrease in internalizing problems among older adolescents, girls, and those with an average wealth index is a positive sign. The findings highlight that tailored interventions are required to reduce externalizing problems and maintain the decrease in internalizing problems. These interventions should target middle-aged and male adolescents from low-income families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gari Hunduma
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Yadeta Dessie
- School of Public Health, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Biftu Geda
- Department of Nursing, College of Health Sciences, Madda Walabu University, Shashamene Campus, Shashamene, Ethiopia
| | - Tesfaye Assebe Yadeta
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Negussie Deyessa
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Hao L, Mat Ludin AF, Ahmad M, Meng X, Zhong Lei H. The prevalence and its associated factors of psychological stress among middle school students in China: pooled evidence from a systematic scoping review. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1358210. [PMID: 38694991 PMCID: PMC11062323 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1358210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Psychological issues are of significant concern in present-day society, as poor mental well-being results in depression and suicidal behavior. Understanding the current situation of psychological stress among secondary school students will help policy makers to formulate targeted measures to help them cope with stress, and at the same time evaluate the effectiveness of the existing policies to address the shortcomings and enhance the diversification of interventions. The main purpose of this review was to map the existing evidence on the prevalence and levels of psychological stress among adolescents in China, and to identify the associated risk factors. This review strictly adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). A comprehensive search was performed spanning Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus databases. Studies involving only humans and full text in English were selected. Selection was limited to samples from mainland China, Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan. Variables were extracted, exploring the factors that affected the mental wellness of Chinese middle school students. A final 15 articles and 1 report were included. The findings revealed psychological stress is prevalent among Chinese middle school population, with the degree of prevalence from low to severe stress levels. Three dimensions of psychological stress affecting Chinese secondary school students: school, family and lifestyle. Within the school, the factors included academic stress, peer relationships etc. Family-related factors were comprised of parent-child relationship, parents' mental health status etc. Lastly, lifestyle-related factors included poor diet, sedentary and inactivity etc. Our findings suggest that policy makers should reduce the excessive emphasis on examination results and focus on the all-round development of students, and that schools should organize a variety of extra-curricular activities to reduce students' stress. Parents should create a harmonious family atmosphere to minimize conflicts and maintain close communication with teachers. Systematic Review Registration OSF; https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/HEFCP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Hao
- Center for Healthy Ageing and Wellness (HCARE), Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Nan Hang Secondary School, Nanjing, China
| | - Arimi Fitri Mat Ludin
- Center for Healthy Ageing and Wellness (HCARE), Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mahadir Ahmad
- Center for Community Health Studies (ReaCH), Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Xie Meng
- Nan Hang Secondary School, Nanjing, China
| | - He Zhong Lei
- Nan Jing Qin Huai Teachers Development Centre, Nanjing, China
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18
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Vaillant-Coindard E, Briet G, Lespiau F, Gisclard B, Charbonnier E. Effects of three prophylactic interventions on French middle-schoolers' mental health: protocol for a randomized controlled trial. BMC Psychol 2024; 12:204. [PMID: 38615007 PMCID: PMC11016224 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-024-01723-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Adolescence is a strategic developmental stage in terms of preventing later difficulties and ensuring good mental health. Prophylactic interventions, which are conducted before the onset, prolongation, or worsening of difficulties, and aim to prevent or reduce symptoms or to promote wellbeing, therefore appear particularly appropriate for adolescents. However, existing prophylactic interventions conducted with adolescents have several weaknesses, including sparse theoretical frameworks, ambivalent evidence of their efficacy, and implementation and dissemination difficulties. In addition, no data are currently available on the effectiveness of such interventions in France. To fill this gap, a four-arm randomized controlled trial will be performed to assess the effectiveness of three prophylactic interventions targeting reactive, proactive and interpersonal adaptation in fourth-grade middle-school students, together with participants' experience and perception of the interventions. Based on existing knowledge about adolescents, their learning mechanisms, and field constraints, these three interventions have been designed to promote their learning and receptiveness to interventions. Compared with baseline (i.e., before the intervention), we expect to observe a significant decrease in the level of distress (anxiety and depressive symptoms, functional impairment, and psychosocial difficulties) and a significant increase in the level of wellbeing after the intervention, across the three intervention groups, but not in the control group. In addition, we expect to observe post-intervention improvements in the processes targeted by the reactive adaptation intervention (operationalized as coping strategy use and flexibility), those targeted by the proactive adaptation intervention (operationalized as the tendency to engage in committed actions and general self-efficacy), and those targeted by the interpersonal adaptation intervention (operationalized as assertiveness in interactions), but only in the corresponding groups, with no change in any of these processes in the control group. The results of this research will not only enrich our knowledge of the processes involved in adolescents' distress and wellbeing, but also provide clues as to the best targets for intervention. Moreover, the material for these interventions will be freely available in French on request to the corresponding author, providing access to innovative and fully assessed interventions aimed at promoting adolescents' mental health in France.This clinical trial is currently being registered under no. 2023-A01973-42 on https://ansm.sante.fr/ . This is the first version of the protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gaëtan Briet
- UNIV. NIMES, APSY-V, F-30021, Nîmes Cedex 1, France
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Krokstad MA, Sund E, Rangul V, Bauman A, Olsson C, Bjerkeset O. Secular trends in risk factors for adolescent anxiety and depression symptoms: the Young-HUNT studies 1995-2019, Norway. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2024:10.1007/s00787-024-02373-2. [PMID: 38578474 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-024-02373-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
In recent decades, increases in mental health problems in adolescents have been reported from several large population-based surveys. This raises questions about changes in underlying risk and protective factors that can inform future intervention strategies. Population data were collected from 1995 to 2019 in three waves of the Young-HUNT studies in Norway to map decennial trends in the prevalence of established risk factors for, and their associations with, adolescent mental health problems. All adolescents (aged 13-19 years) attending lower and upper secondary school in the county of Trøndelag were invited, representing three historical cohorts of 25,245 unique adolescents. Mental health problems (HSCL-5) and established mental health risk factors were self-reported. Using a generalized linear model and linear regression, we calculated changes in relative and absolute differences between risk factors and mental health problems. Overall, the prevalence of established risk factors for mental health problems in adolescence increased markedly between 1995 and 2019, especially in girls. Prominent increases were observed for fatigue, bullying, musculoskeletal pain and migraine, loneliness, and overweight. Furthermore, with the exception of excess alcohol use and family economy, associations between each risk factor and adolescent mental health problems strengthened over the same time span in girls, but less among boys. Our findings suggest that several modifiable risk factors for poor mental health in adolescence are increasing, especially among girls, and should be targeted in community, school, and in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morten Austheim Krokstad
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Nursing, Nord Universitet-Levanger Campus, Levanger, Norway.
- Department of Mental Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Erik Sund
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Nursing, Nord Universitet-Levanger Campus, Levanger, Norway
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, HUNT Research Centre, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger, Norway
- Levanger Hospital, Nord-Trøndelag Hospital Trust, Levanger, Norway
| | - Vegar Rangul
- Department of Mental Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, HUNT Research Centre, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger, Norway
| | - Adrian Bauman
- Prevention Research Collaboration, Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Craig Olsson
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Centre for Adolescent Health, The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne Victoria, Parkville, Australia
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, Deakin University, Burwood, VIC, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Ottar Bjerkeset
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Nursing, Nord Universitet-Levanger Campus, Levanger, Norway
- Department of Mental Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
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Kangwana B, Mutahi J, Kumar M. Experiences of integrating a psychological intervention into a youth-led empowerment program targeting out-of-school adolescents, in urban informal settlements in Kenya: A qualitative study. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0300463. [PMID: 38568988 PMCID: PMC10990221 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0300463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Depression, anxiety and behavioural disorders are the leading causes of illness and disability in adolescents. This study aims to evaluate the feasibility of integrating mental health services into a youth-led community-based intervention targeting out-of-school adolescents, residing in Kariobangi and Rhonda informal settlements in Kenya. METHOD Youth mentors were trained on the Bridging the Gaps (BTG) curriculum that integrated a modified version of the World Health Organization's (WHO) Problem Management Plus (PM+) psychological intervention into a sexual health, life-skills and financial education curriculum. Community lay mentors facilitated 72 weekly group sessions for 469 adolescent boys and girls, augmented with five enhanced one-on-one treatment sessions for those displaying signs of psychological distress. Adolescents displaying severe signs of psychological distress were referred directly to a primary health facility or connected to specialist services. A qualitative survey took place between February and March 2022, around four months before the end of the program. In-depth interviews were carried out with 44 adolescents, 7 partners, 19 parents and 11 stakeholders. Four focus group discussions were carried out with 17 mentors. Respondents were purposively selected to be interviewed based on their level of exposure to the intervention and ability to provide in-depth experiences. Themes focused on the program's perceived effectiveness, ability to develop the capacity of lay mentors to address mental health issues, and increased access to mental health services. RESULTS Adolescents reported that the intervention was able to improve their confidence in speaking up about their problems, equip them with essential first-aid skills to manage and treat anxiety or mild depression, provide them access to free one-on-one psychological help sessions, and increase their social network. Mentors were able to adhere to the core principles of psychological intervention delivery, providing preventative and treatment-focused psychosocial services. Furthermore, parents reported experiencing improved adolescent receptivity to parental suggestions or advice leading to improved parent-adolescent relationships. Mentors referred adolescents for a variety of reasons including severe mental illness, rape, and alcohol and substance use however, the high cost of transport was the main barrier limiting adolescents from following through with their referrals. CONCLUSION The findings demonstrate that integration of mental health services into community-based interventions is feasible and has benefits for adolescents, parents, and mentors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joan Mutahi
- Institute for Excellence in Health Equity, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, NY, NY, United States of America
| | - Manasi Kumar
- Institute for Excellence in Health Equity, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, NY, NY, United States of America
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21
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Buli BG, Lehtinen-Jacks S, Larm P, Nilsson KW, Hellström-Olsson C, Giannotta F. Trends in psychosomatic symptoms among adolescents and the role of lifestyle factors. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:878. [PMID: 38515098 PMCID: PMC10958834 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18327-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescent mental health problems are on the rise globally, including in Sweden. One indicator of this trend is increased psychosomatic symptoms (PSS) over time. Lifestyle factors such as physical activity (PA), diet, smoking, and alcohol consumption may influence the time trends in PSS; however, the evidence base is scarce. The aim of this study was to investigate associations between time trends in PSS and lifestyle factors. METHODS The study was based on data collected from a nationally representative sample of 9,196 fifteen-year-old boys and girls in Sweden using the Health Behavior in School-aged Children (HBSC) symptom checklist. The sample comprised nearly equal proportions of girls (50.5%) and boys. The lifestyle factors examined in this study included PA, regular breakfast intake, consumption of fruits, vegetables, sweets, or soft drinks, smoking, and alcohol drunkenness. We used data from 2002 to 2018 and stratified by family affluence scale (FAS) to demonstrate how the associations varied among the FAS groups. We fitted separate regression models for the high- and low-FAS groups, where interaction terms between the year of survey and each lifestyle factor were used to estimate the level and direction of associations between the factors and trends in PSS. RESULTS There was a generally increasing trend in PSS mean scores from 2.26 in 2002 to 2.49 in 2018 (p <.001). The changes in each survey year compared to the average mean scores during the preceding years were significant in all years except 2010. Regular breakfast intake, daily fruit and vegetable consumption, and higher PA were associated with lower PSS mean scores, while smoking and drunkenness had opposite associations with PSS. The only significant interaction between survey year and the lifestyle factors was observed regarding drunkenness in the high FAS group, suggesting that the association between trends in PSS and the experience of getting drunk at least twice got stronger over time (B = 0.057; CI:0.016, 0.097; p <.01). CONCLUSIONS The results indicate increasing trends in PSS among young people in Sweden from 2002 to 2018, with a significant increase observed among adolescents in the high FAS group who reported getting drunk on at least two occasions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benti Geleta Buli
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Mälardalen University, 721 23, Västerås, Box 883, Sweden.
| | - Susanna Lehtinen-Jacks
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Mälardalen University, 721 23, Västerås, Box 883, Sweden
| | - Peter Larm
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kent W Nilsson
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Mälardalen University, 721 23, Västerås, Box 883, Sweden
- Center for Clinical Research, Uppsala University, Västmanland County Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Fabrizia Giannotta
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Mälardalen University, 721 23, Västerås, Box 883, Sweden
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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22
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Motta M, Liu Y, Yarnell A. "Influencing the influencers:" a field experimental approach to promoting effective mental health communication on TikTok. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5864. [PMID: 38467750 PMCID: PMC10928193 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56578-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
A substantial body of social scientific research considers the negative mental health consequences of social media use on TikTok. Fewer, however, consider the potentially positive impact that mental health content creators ("influencers") on TikTok can have to improve health outcomes; including the degree to which the platform exposes users to evidence-based mental health communication. Our novel, influencer-led approach remedies this shortcoming by attempting to change TikTok creator content-producing behavior via a large, within-subject field experiment (N = 105 creators with a reach of over 16.9 million viewers; N = 3465 unique videos). Our randomly-assigned field intervention exposed influencers on the platform to either (a) asynchronous digital (.pdf) toolkits, or (b) both toolkits and synchronous virtual training sessions that aimed to promote effective evidence-based mental health communication (relative to a control condition, exposed to neither intervention). We find that creators treated with our asynchronous toolkits-and, in some cases, those also attending synchronous training sessions-were significantly more likely to (i) feature evidence-based mental health content in their videos and (ii) generate video content related to mental health issues. Moderation analyses further reveal that these effects are not limited to only those creators with followings under 2 million users. Importantly, we also document large system-level effects of exposure to our interventions; such that TikTok videos featuring evidence-based content received over half a million additional views in the post-intervention period in the study's treatment groups, while treatment group mental health content (in general) received over three million additional views. We conclude by discussing how simple, cost-effective, and influencer-led interventions like ours can be deployed at scale to influence mental health content on TikTok.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matt Motta
- Department of Health Law, Policy, & Management, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, USA.
| | - Yuning Liu
- Center for Health Communication, Harvard University TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA
| | - Amanda Yarnell
- Center for Health Communication, Harvard University TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA
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23
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Murayama Y, Ito H, Hamada M, Takayanagi N, Nakajima T, Myogan M, Tsujii M. Longitudinal associations between response-style strategies and abnormal eating behaviors/attitudes in adolescents: a cross-lagged panel model. J Eat Disord 2024; 12:33. [PMID: 38414032 PMCID: PMC10900678 DOI: 10.1186/s40337-024-00991-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have suggested that response-style strategies (rumination, problem-solving, and distraction) can be risk or protective factors for the development of abnormal eating behaviors/attitudes (AEB) during adolescence. However, due to limited empirical data regarding the prospective effects of these strategies on AEB, further research is needed to clarify their role in developing AEB in adolescence. METHODS This study investigated the one-year lagged effects of response-style strategies on AEB in 24,883 fourth- to eighth-grade students in Japan between 2015 and 2019 using a cross-lagged panel model. Depressive symptoms and body mass index (BMI), which are reported to relate to AEB, were also included in the analytic model. The students self-reported their levels of response-style strategies, AEB, and depressive symptoms. We also evaluated BMI based on teachers' reports. RESULTS We found that greater rumination significantly predicted more severe AEB in the following year among students from all grades, with small to moderate effect sizes. In addition, distraction significantly predicted more severe binge eating/purging behaviors, but with very weak small effect sizes. Problem-solving did not predict any level of AEB. Furthermore, we observed significant reciprocal relationships between response-style strategies, AEB, and depressive symptoms. Positive reciprocal associations between BMI and AEB were also found except for some intervals. CONCLUSIONS We concluded that a decrease in rumination is critical to alleviating mental health problems, such as AEB and depressive symptoms, during adolescence. This suggests that interventions to reduce the level of rumination should be conducted in the early stages of adolescence. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER Not Applicable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuo Murayama
- Institute of Human and Social Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-Machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-1192, Japan.
| | - Hiroyuki Ito
- Faculty of Core Research Human Science Division, Ochanomizu University, 2-1-1, Otsuka, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 112-8610, Japan
| | - Megumi Hamada
- School of Psychology, Chukyo University, 101-2, Yagoto Honmachi, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8666, Japan
| | - Nobuya Takayanagi
- Department of Psychology, Aichi University of Education, 1 Hirosawa, Igaya-Cho, Kariya, Aichi, 448-8542, Japan
| | - Takahiro Nakajima
- School of Human Care Studies, Nagoya University of Arts and Sciences, 57, Takenoyama, Iwasaki-Cho, Nisshin, Aich, 470-0196, Japan
| | - Mitsunori Myogan
- School of Psychology, Chukyo University, 101-2, Yagoto Honmachi, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8666, Japan
| | - Masatsugu Tsujii
- School of Contemporary Sociology, Chukyo University, 101, Tokodachi, Kaizu-Cho, Toyota, Aichi, 470-0393, Japan
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1, Hadayama, Higashi-Ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, 431-3192, Japan
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24
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Benoni R, Sartorello A, Mazzi M, Berti L, Sorina M, Paiola E, Varischi G, Tardivo S, Rimondini M, Moretti F. The use of 12-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) in Ukrainian refugees: translation and validation study of the Ukrainian version. Health Qual Life Outcomes 2024; 22:6. [PMID: 38218847 PMCID: PMC10788012 DOI: 10.1186/s12955-024-02226-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Following the Russian-Ukrainian conflict, the well-being of millions of Ukrainians has been jeopardised. This study aims to translate and test the psychometric features of the Ukrainian version of the General Health Questionnaire 12 (GHQ-12). The study included Ukrainian refugees housed in Verona (Italy) between November/2022 and February/2023. The Ukrainian translation was obtained through a 'forward-backward' translation. Questionnaire was completed by 141 refugees (females: 78.7%). Median age was 36 years (IQR 23-43). Individuals with a score suggestive of psychological distress were 97 (68.8%). Cronbach's coefficient was 0.84 (0.95CI 0.80-0.88). According to confirmatory factor analysis, both single- (modelB1) and two-factor (model B2) structures with bimodal scoring method fitted the data satisfactorily. The two factors of model B2 had a 0.88 correlation. Pearson coefficient showed a positive significant correlation between the GHQ-12 and International Trauma Questionnaire scores (ρ = 0.53, 0.95CI 0.40-0.64, p < 0.001). The GHQ-12 Ukrainian translation showed good psychometric features being a reliable and valid instrument to assess Ukrainian refugees' general well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Benoni
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.
| | - Anna Sartorello
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Mariangela Mazzi
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Loretta Berti
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Marina Sorina
- "Malve di Ucraina" Non-profit Organization (NPO), Verona, Italy
| | - Elena Paiola
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Giovanna Varischi
- Prevention Department, Unità Locale Socio Sanitaria (ULSS) 9, Verona, Italy
| | - Stefano Tardivo
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Michela Rimondini
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Francesca Moretti
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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25
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Porter A, d’Apice K, Albers P, Woodrow N, Fairbrother H, Breheny K, Mills C, Tebbett S, De Vocht F. The impact of the newly developed school-based 'Digital Health Contact'-Evaluating a health and wellbeing screening tool for adolescents in England. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0297016. [PMID: 38215072 PMCID: PMC10786370 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0297016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Supporting adolescents with their health and wellbeing is an international public health priority. Schools are well placed to universally detect unmet health needs and support pupils. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a digital health and wellbeing screening tool, called the 'Digital Health Contact' (DHC) implemented in schools in the East Midlands of England. The DHC, delivered by Public Health Nurses (School Nurses) (PHN(SN)), aims to identify pupils with unmet health needs (via a 'red flag' system) and provide appropriate support. MATERIALS AND METHODS Using data from 22 schools which took part in the DHC and 14 schools which did not take part, across three academic years (2018-2020), we conducted a controlled interrupted timeseries analysis with negative binomial regression to explore the effect of the DHC on the number of annual referrals to PHN(SN). Using DHC data from 164 pupils, we further conducted a Difference-in-Difference analysis to explore the impact of 'red flag' and referral via the DHC in Year 9 (age 13-14) on the number of red flags in Year 11 (age 15-16). RESULTS Across all schools, the mean annual number of referrals increased over the three year follow-up period. In the adjusted model, the number of referrals was comparable between schools taking part in the DHC and non-participating schools (0.15 referrals [95% CI -0.21, 0.50]). Red flag score was not significantly different among Year 11 pupils, after being referred via the DHC in Year 9 (-0.36 red flags [95% CI -0.97, 0.24]). DISCUSSION The DHC, and similar screening tools, have the potential to raise awareness of the health and wellbeing support in schools and provide an additional pathway of referral to this support for pupils with unmet health needs, without replacing the traditional pathway where pupils refer themselves or are referred by teachers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Porter
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Katrina d’Apice
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Patricia Albers
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas Woodrow
- School of Health and Related Research (ScHARR), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Hannah Fairbrother
- Health Sciences School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Katie Breheny
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Clare Mills
- Public Health, Leicester City Council, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Tebbett
- Leicestershire Partnership NHS Trust, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Frank De Vocht
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- NIHR Applied Research Collaboration West (NIHR ARC West), Bristol, United Kingdom
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26
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Shawon MSR, Rouf RR, Jahan E, Hossain FB, Mahmood S, Gupta RD, Islam MI, Al Kibria GM, Islam S. The burden of psychological distress and unhealthy dietary behaviours among 222,401 school-going adolescents from 61 countries. Sci Rep 2023; 13:21894. [PMID: 38082022 PMCID: PMC10713667 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-49500-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
We aimed to calculate the sex-specific prevalence of psychological distress and unhealthy eating habits among adolescents across countries and regions, and to explore their potential associations. We used data from the Global School-Based Health Survey (GSHS) for 61 countries. Psychological distress was defined based on the existence of ≥ 2 factors from the following: loneliness, anxiety, suicide ideation, suicide planning, and suicide attempt. Four unhealthy dietary behaviours were examined: inadequate fruit intake, inadequate vegetable intake, daily consumption of soft drinks, and weekly fast-food consumption. We used random-effects meta-analysis to estimate the overall and regional pooled prevalence. Mixed-effect multilevel logistic regressions were used to estimate adjusted odds ratios (aORs) of unhealthy dietary behaviours in relation to psychological distress. Among 222,401 school-going adolescents (53.3% girls), the prevalence of psychological distress was 17.9%, with girls reporting higher than boys (20.8% vs. 14.9%). Adolescents in the African region reported the highest prevalence (22.5%), while those in the South-East Asia region reported the lowest (11.3%). The prevalence of inadequate fruit intake, inadequate vegetable intake, daily soft drink consumption, and weekly fast-food consumption was 37.0%, 28.5%, 50.0%, and 57.4% respectively. Psychological distress was associated with inadequate fruit intake (pooled aOR = 1.19, 95% CI 1.17-1.23), inadequate vegetable intake (pooled OR = 1.19, 1.16-1.22), daily consumption of soft drinks (pooled aOR = 1.14, 1.12-1.17), and weekly consumption of fast food (pooled aOR = 1.12, 1.09-1.15). Our findings indicate a substantial variance in the burden of psychological distress and unhealthy dietary behaviours across different regions. Adolescents experiencing psychological distress were more likely to have unhealthy dietary habits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Shajedur Rahman Shawon
- Centre for Big Data Research in Health, University of New South Wales, Level 2, AGSM Building (G27), Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.
| | | | - Esrat Jahan
- Department of Health Systems and Populations, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | | | | | - Rajat Das Gupta
- Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, USA
| | - Md Irteja Islam
- School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Shariful Islam
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Perth, Australia
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27
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Fischer L, Liegmann K, Morgenstern M, Dadaczynski K. Effectiveness of the holistic primary school-based intervention MindMatters: study protocol for a cluster-randomised controlled trial. Trials 2023; 24:711. [PMID: 37941015 PMCID: PMC10631112 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-023-07731-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of mental health problems in childhood and adolescence has increased significantly, not least due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany and other countries worldwide. Although holistic school interventions to promote mental health and prevent mental health problems are considered promising, there is currently uncertainty about their effectiveness due to evaluation studies with heterogeneous methodological quality. This paper presents the study protocol for the evaluation of the primary school module of MindMatters. METHODS As part of a universal mental health intervention, the MindMatters primary school module 'Learning Together with Emotions' aims to promote social-emotional learning (SEL) in the classroom across five skill areas. In addition to classroom activities, the intervention includes a school development module to help primary schools create structures and processes to maintain and promote mental health. To evaluate the effectiveness of the intervention, a two-arm cluster-randomised controlled trial will be conducted, including schools implementing MindMatters over a 12-month period and a control group with no access to the intervention. Data will be collected before and 18 months after initiation of the intervention. Controlled for baseline conditions, multilevel regression analysis will be used to examine primary intervention outcomes at the pupil level (i.e. reductions in mental and behavioural problems). Further mediation and moderation analyses will examine whether proximal outcomes predict changes in mental health outcomes and whether school-level factors influence the effectiveness of the intervention. DISCUSSION This study will contribute to strengthen the evidence base for holistic school (mental) health promotion interventions using a study design with high internal validity. Based on an intervention model, the results will not only provide insights into the relationship between proximal and distal outcomes, but will also allow conclusions to be drawn about how the implementation of the intervention affects its effectiveness. Finally, the findings also address the question of whether improved mental health has a positive effect on primary school pupils' academic performance. TRIAL REGISTRATION German Clinical Trials Register DRKS00023762. Registered on 5 January 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Fischer
- Department of Health Sciences, Fulda University of Applied Sciences, Fulda, Germany.
| | | | | | - Kevin Dadaczynski
- Department of Health Sciences, Fulda University of Applied Sciences, Fulda, Germany
- Center for Applied Health Sciences, Leuphana University Lueneburg, Lueneburg, Germany
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28
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Rosenberg S, Carulla LS, Rosen A. Mental health reform in Australia - unfinished business. BJPsych Int 2023; 20:99-101. [PMID: 38029430 PMCID: PMC10659841 DOI: 10.1192/bji.2023.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Australia was one of the first countries to develop a national mental health strategy. This article reviews the progress of reform, outlining some strengths, weaknesses and prospective challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Rosenberg
- Senior Lecturer, Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia. Email
| | - Luis Salvador Carulla
- Professor, Health Research Institute, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Alan Rosen
- Professor, Australian Health Services Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
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29
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Tran TD, Nguyen H, Shochet I, Nguyen N, La N, Wurfl A, Orr J, Nguyen H, Stocker R, Fisher J. School-based universal mental health promotion intervention for adolescents in Vietnam: Two-arm, parallel, controlled trial. Glob Ment Health (Camb) 2023; 10:e69. [PMID: 38024797 PMCID: PMC10643236 DOI: 10.1017/gmh.2023.66] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of Happy House, a universal school-based programme, in reducing adolescents' depressive symptoms and improving their mental well-being, coping self-efficacy and school connectedness. This was a school-based, two-arm parallel controlled trial. Depressive symptoms were measured using the Centre for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale. Data were collected at recruitment, and at 2 weeks and 6 months post-intervention. Mixed-effect models were conducted to estimate the effects of the intervention on the outcomes. A total of 1,084 students were recruited. At 2 weeks post-intervention, the effect size on depressive symptoms was 0.11 (p = 0.011) and the odds of having clinically significant depressive symptoms were lower in the intervention compared to the control (0.56, p = 0.027). Both of these were no longer significant at 6 months post-intervention. Psychological well-being mean scores in the intervention were significantly higher than in the control at 2 weeks post-intervention (effect size 0.13). Coping self-efficacy mean scores were significantly higher in the intervention group at both 2-week and 6-month post-intervention (effect sizes from 0.17 to 0.26). Data support the potential of Happy House to reduce the prevalence of adolescent mental health problems and to promote positive mental health in the school context in Vietnam.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thach Duc Tran
- Global and Women’s Health, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Huong Nguyen
- Department of Health Promotion, Hanoi University of Public Health, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Ian Shochet
- School of Psychology and Counselling, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Nga Nguyen
- Department of Health Promotion, Hanoi University of Public Health, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Nga La
- Department of Health Promotion, Hanoi University of Public Health, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Astrid Wurfl
- School of Psychology and Counselling, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Jayne Orr
- School of Psychology and Counselling, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Hau Nguyen
- Global and Women’s Health, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Ruby Stocker
- Global and Women’s Health, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jane Fisher
- Global and Women’s Health, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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30
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Miliauskas CR, Junger W, Hellwig N, Bloch KV, de Souza Lopes C. Community violence in neighborhoods and common mental disorders among Brazilian adolescents. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:772. [PMID: 37872524 PMCID: PMC10594681 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-05269-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aims to explore the association between exposure to neighborhood violence and the presence of common mental disorders (CMDs) among Brazilian adolescents aged 12 to 17 years. Additionally, we aim to analyze whether sex, age and race are modifiers of the effect of this association. METHODS The study comprised 1,686 adolescents residing in the municipality of Rio de Janeiro, situated in the Southeast region of Brazil. To measure exposure to community violence, we constructed three crime indicators using data from Civil Police of the State of Rio de Janeiro: crimes against property, nonlethal crimes, and lethal crimes. Employing geospatial analysis based on the adolescents' residence location, logistic regression modeling was performed to measure the association between violence and CMDs. RESULTS Adolescents living in regions with higher rates of the three types of violence studied herein were more likely to have CMDs, with odds ratios (ORs) ranging from 2.33 to 2.99. When stratified by sex, age and race, girls, older adolescents and blacks have a greater magnitude of effect on the measure of association, indicating a heightened risk for CMDs. CONCLUSION This study provides important contributions to the public health field, as it reveals new information on the influence of community violence on the mental health of adolescents. Given the elevated rates of violence globally, knowing the effects of such violence on adolescents becomes crucial for the prevention and treatment of CMDs within this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Reis Miliauskas
- Medical Sciences College, Department of Medical Specialties, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Vinte E Oito de Setembro Avenue, 77, 4 Floor, 432. Vila Isabel, Rio de Janeiro, 20.551-030, Brazil.
- Institute of Social Medicine, State University of Rio de Janeiro, São Francisco Xavier Street, 524, Maracanã, 7 Floor, Rio de Janeiro, 20.550-013, Brazil.
| | - Washington Junger
- Institute of Social Medicine, State University of Rio de Janeiro, São Francisco Xavier Street, 524, Maracanã, 7 Floor, Rio de Janeiro, 20.550-013, Brazil
| | - Natalia Hellwig
- Institute of Social Medicine, State University of Rio de Janeiro, São Francisco Xavier Street, 524, Maracanã, 7 Floor, Rio de Janeiro, 20.550-013, Brazil
| | - Katia Vergetti Bloch
- Institute of Studies in Public Health at Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro (IESC), Horácio de Macedo Avenue, no number, Ilha Do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-598, Brazil
| | - Claudia de Souza Lopes
- Institute of Social Medicine, State University of Rio de Janeiro, São Francisco Xavier Street, 524, Maracanã, 7 Floor, Rio de Janeiro, 20.550-013, Brazil
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31
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Skallevold HE, Rokaya N, Wongsirichat N, Rokaya D. Importance of oral health in mental health disorders: An updated review. J Oral Biol Craniofac Res 2023; 13:544-552. [PMID: 37396968 PMCID: PMC10314291 DOI: 10.1016/j.jobcr.2023.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Mental disorders are indeed an expanding threat, which requires raised awareness, education, prevention, and treatment initiatives nationally and globally. This review presents an updated review on the relationships between oral health and mental health disorders and the importance of oral health in mental health disorders. Method A literature search was done regarding mental disorders and oral health approaches in Google Scholar and PubMed from the year 1995 until 2023. All the English-language papers were evaluated based on the inclusion criteria. Publications included original research papers, review articles and book chapters. Results Common mental disorders include depression, anxiety, bipolar disorder, Schizophrenia, dementia, and alcohol and drug use disorders. The interplay of oral health and mental disorders involves dysregulated microbiome, translocated bacteria, and systemic inflammation, among others. Conclusion There is a complex relationship between mental disorders and oral diseases. Various oral health problems are associated with mental health problems. The interplay of oral health and mental disorders involves dysregulated microbiome, translocated bacteria, and systemic inflammation, among others. Mental health nurses including physicians and dental professionals should be involved in the oral health care of mental health disorder patients. Therefore, multidisciplinary should be involved in the care of mental health disorders, and they should consider oral health care as an essential part of their care for patients with mental health disorders. Future investigations should strive to elucidate the exact biological relationships, to develop new directions for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans Erling Skallevold
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | | | - Natthamet Wongsirichat
- Faculty of Dentistry, Bangkok Thonburi University, 16/10 Taweewatana, Bangkok, 10170, Thailand
| | - Dinesh Rokaya
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, Walailak University International College of Dentistry, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
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Al-Abdulmunem M, Bond GR, Ressler DR, Becker DR, Swanson SJ, Marbacher J. Individual placement and support programmes for young adults: Where are they and whom do they serve? Early Interv Psychiatry 2023; 17:824-836. [PMID: 37211370 PMCID: PMC10524614 DOI: 10.1111/eip.13440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
AIM Individual Placement and Support (IPS), an evidence-based supported employment model developed for adults with serious mental illness, has been recently targeted to young adults with mental health conditions, but little is known about its adoption in this age group in the United States. METHODS We recruited a volunteer sample of nine IPS programmes in five states serving young adults with mental health conditions aged 16 to 24. IPS team leaders reported programme and participant characteristics and rated barriers to employment and education. RESULTS Most IPS programmes were located in community mental health centres, served a small number of young adults, and received most referrals from external sources. The study sample of 111 participants included 53% female, 47% under 21 years old, 60% diagnosed with a depressive disorder; 92% had an employment goal, and 40% had an education goal. IPS specialists reported that managing mental health symptoms was the most common barrier to achieving employment and education goals. CONCLUSION Future research should examine how IPS programmes could best provide services to young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monirah Al-Abdulmunem
- Social Policy and Economics Research, Westat, Rivermill Commercial Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Gary R. Bond
- Social Policy and Economics Research, Westat, Rivermill Commercial Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Daniel R. Ressler
- Social Policy and Economics Research, Westat, Rivermill Commercial Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Deborah R. Becker
- The IPS Employment Center, Research Foundation for Mental Hygiene, New York, New York, USA
| | - Sarah J. Swanson
- The IPS Employment Center, Research Foundation for Mental Hygiene, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jessica Marbacher
- The IPS Employment Center, Research Foundation for Mental Hygiene, New York, New York, USA
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AlHamawi R, Khader Y, Abu Khudair S, Tanaka E, Al Nsour M. Mental Health and Psychosocial Problems among Children and Adolescents in Jordan: A Scoping Review. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:1165. [PMID: 37508662 PMCID: PMC10377849 DOI: 10.3390/children10071165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: In Jordan, mental health morbidity among children and adolescents is on the rise. Several studies in Jordan have assessed mental health issues and their associated factors among adolescents; however, there remains a lack of a collation of data regarding such issues. Objectives: To review the prevalence rates of mental health problems among children and adolescents in Jordan to understand the evidence base concerning psychiatric morbidity. Methods: The PubMed database, Cochrane Library, Virtual Health Library (VHL) Lilac, and APA PsycArticles were searched for literature published between January 2010 and May 2023. Studies were included if they were conducted on children and adolescents (≤19 years), were observational studies that reported prevalence data regarding psychosocial problems, and were studies conducted in Jordan. Results: The search yielded 211 records, of which 33 studies were assessed for eligibility and 28 met the inclusion criteria. The sample age ranged from 6-19 years. The prevalence rates ranged from 7.1% to 73.8% for depression, 16.3% to 46.8% for anxiety, 13.0-40.6% for ADHD, 11.7-55.2% for overall emotional and behavioral difficulties, 16.2-65.1% for PTSD, and 12-40.4% for eating disorders. Conclusions: The findings highlight the magnitude of mental health problems among children and adolescents and the heterogeneity of the results. Further studies are needed to investigate the prevalence of eating disorders among refugees, as well as sleeping disorders and substance use disorders among all adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rana AlHamawi
- Eastern Mediterranean Public Health Network (EMPHNET), Amman 11196, Jordan
| | - Yousef Khader
- Department of Public Health, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan
| | - Sara Abu Khudair
- Eastern Mediterranean Public Health Network (EMPHNET), Amman 11196, Jordan
| | | | - Mohannad Al Nsour
- Eastern Mediterranean Public Health Network (EMPHNET), Amman 11196, Jordan
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Adhikari S, Ma J, Shakya S, Brøndbo PH, Handegård BH, Javo AC. Self-reported emotional and behavioral problems among school-going adolescents in Nepal-A cross-sectional study. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0287305. [PMID: 37352299 PMCID: PMC10289424 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0287305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies on self-reported emotional and behavioral problems (EBPs) among adolescents are still sparse in many low- and middle-income countries. In Nepal, no such studies have been performed on a larger scale, and little is known about self-reported EBPs in the adolescent population. METHODS This cross-sectional, school-based study on EBPs included 1904 adolescents aged 11-18 years, enrolled in government and private schools located in 16 districts in Nepal. The Nepali version of the Youth Self Report form was used to assess self-reported EBPs, and the Teacher Report Form was used to assess academic performance. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used for gender comparisons on adolescents' EBPs and on academic competence. Multiple regression analysis was done to explore correlates of self-reported EBPs. RESULTS The overall prevalence of self-reported EBPs was 14.2%; 15.6% in boys and 12.9% in girls. The mean Total Problems score was 39.27 (standard deviation = 24.16); no gender differences were observed. Boys scored higher on Externalizing Problems and girls scored higher on Internalizing Problems. The effect sizes for gender comparisons were small with Hedges' g ranging from -0.29 to 0.28. Physical illness and negative/traumatic life events were positively correlated with self-reported EBPs, whereas academic performance was negatively correlated. However, the effect sizes were small (η2 < 0.02). CONCLUSION This study helps to narrow the knowledge gap on the prevalence, magnitude, and types of self-reported EBPs in Nepali adolescents. It demonstrated an association between self-reported EBPs and academic performance and linked self-reported EBPs to other factors such as negative/traumatic life events and physical illness. The findings might assist health authorities in the planning of mental health services and may also provide valuable background information to clinicians dealing with adolescent mental health problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirjana Adhikari
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Child & Adolescent Psychiatry Unit, Kanti Children’s Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Jasmine Ma
- Child & Adolescent Psychiatry Unit, Kanti Children’s Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Suraj Shakya
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Per Håkan Brøndbo
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Bjørn Helge Handegård
- Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare—North, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Anne Cecilie Javo
- Sami National Competence Center for Mental Health (SANKS), Sami Klinihkka, Finnmark Hospital Trust, Karasjok, Norway
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Akın A, Goth K, Seiffge-Krenke I, Obbarius A, Winter SM, Sarrar L. Operationalized Psychodynamic Diagnostic of Adolescents in Light of the New ICD-11 Model of Personality Functioning: Personality Structure, Psychodynamic Conflicts, and Mental Health Problems. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:1095. [PMID: 37508592 PMCID: PMC10378630 DOI: 10.3390/children10071095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
The International Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, 11th Revision introduced a fully dimensional approach to personality disorders which conceptionally converges with the long-standing psychodynamic understanding of psychopathology through underlying intra- and interpersonal impairments. In this study, the diagnostic contributions of the two psychodynamic concepts of personality structure and psychodynamic conflicts were investigated through the comparison of self-report data of 189 adolescents with mental health problems and 321 mentally healthy controls. The study results reveal that adolescents with mental health problems show significantly higher impairments in all four domains of personality structure and significantly higher levels of several psychodynamic conflicts. Further, adolescents with different mental health problems significantly differ regarding the impairments in the personality structure domains and several levels of psychodynamic conflicts. While higher structural impairments are shown in adolescents with eating and anxiety disorders, higher levels of the passive self-worth conflict persist in adolescents with depressive disorders, and higher levels of the passive identity conflict are affecting adolescents with eating disorders. The findings suggest that a standardized diagnostic assessment of personality structure and psychodynamic conflicts in adolescent patients could contribute to a deeper understanding of mental health problems and appropriate treatment planning through the detection of underlying intra- and interpersonal impairments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aslı Akın
- Unit for Psychosomatic Medicine, Institute of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité-Medical Heart Center of Charité and German Heart Institute Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Kirstin Goth
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychiatric University Clinics Basel, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Clinics Saarland, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | | | - Alexander Obbarius
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 12200 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sibylle M Winter
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Lea Sarrar
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Sciences, MSB Medical School Berlin, 14197 Berlin, Germany
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Liverpool S, Prescod J, Pereira B, Trotman C. Prevalence of mental health and behaviour problems among adolescents in the English-speaking Caribbean: systematic review and meta-analysis. DISCOVER MENTAL HEALTH 2023; 3:11. [PMID: 37251635 PMCID: PMC10196301 DOI: 10.1007/s44192-023-00037-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Objective Children and young people (CYP) from low-and-middle-income and developing countries are at risk of poor mental health and wellbeing. Yet these regions are generally under-resourced in terms of mental health services. As a first step to inform service planning and delivery in the English-speaking Caribbean we pooled the available evidence to estimate the prevalence of common mental health problems. Methods A comprehensive search of CINAHL, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, LILACS, and Web of Science databases, supplemented by grey literature searches was performed until January 2022. Studies conducted in the English-speaking Caribbean that reported prevalence estimates of mental health symptomology or diagnoses in CYP were included. The Freeman-Tukey transformation was applied to calculate the weighted summary prevalence under a random-effects model. Subgroup analyses were also performed to observe emerging patterns in the data. Studies were quality assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute Prevalence Critical Appraisal Checklist and the GRADE approach. The study protocol was registered with PROSPERO, CRD42021283161. Results 33 publications from 28 studies representing 65,034 adolescents from 14 countries met the eligibility criteria. Prevalence estimates ranged from 0.8 to 71.9% with most subgroup estimates between 20 and 30%. The overall pooled prevalence of mental health problems was 23.5% (95% CI 0.175-0.302; I2 = 99.7%). There was limited evidence of significant variation in prevalence estimates among subgroups. The quality of the body of evidence was judged as moderate. Conclusion It is estimated that between 1 in 4 and 1 in 5 adolescents in the English-speaking Caribbean experience symptoms of mental health problems. These findings highlight the importance of sensitisation, screening, and provision of appropriate services. Ongoing research identifying risk factors and validating outcome measures is also needed to inform evidence-based practice. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s44192-023-00037-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaun Liverpool
- Faculty of Health, Social Care and Medicine, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk, UK
- Evidence Based Practice Unit, Anna Freud National Centre for Children and Families, London, UK
| | - Jamal Prescod
- Faculty of Social Sciences, The University of the West Indies, Cave Hill, St Michael, Barbados
| | - Brent Pereira
- Department of Counselor Education, The Chicago School of Professional Psychology, Chicago, USA
| | - Catherine Trotman
- Faculty of Social Sciences, The University of the West Indies, Cave Hill, St Michael, Barbados
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Saei Ghare Naz M, Ozgoli G, Ahmadi F, Alavi Majd H, Aflatounian A, Ramezani Tehrani F. Adolescents' polycystic ovary syndrome health-related quality of life questionnaire (APQ-20): development and psychometric properties. Eur J Pediatr 2023; 182:2393-2407. [PMID: 36907946 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-023-04875-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
Several health-related quality of life (HRQOL) questionnaires for adults with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) have been developed so far. However, an adolescent-specific HRQOL questionnaire for PCOS patients is still lacking. Hence, this study aimed to develop and validate a questionnaire to assess HRQOL in adolescents with PCOS. This mixed-method study was conducted in Tehran, Iran, from 2018 to 2020. The qualitative phase was conducted on 18 target participants, and in the quantitative phase, exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was performed on 200 adolescents with PCOS and confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) on the other 200 ones. The item-developing process was finalized with 77 questions. Concerning the optimum cutoff of content validity ratio, content validity index, kappa statistic coefficient, and item impact score, a draft with 55 items was finalized. Then, piloting scale was performed on 40 participants and considering the interitem correlation < 0.3, fifteen items were excluded. Based on the EFA, 20 items in six components (emotion and mood, loss of attractiveness due to the hirsutism, loss of attractiveness due to the acne, self-care, support, and menstrual cycle problem) that explain 60.3% of the variance were extracted. The CFA with acceptable values of goodness-of-fit statistics supports this construct validity. Results of reliability, floor, and ceiling effect were acceptable. Conclusion: Our study showed that the short questionnaire of APQ-20 is valid and reliable for assessment of the HRQOL of adolescents with PCOS. Further studies are needed to assess the feasibility and reliability of APQ-20 for assessing the HRQOL of adolescents with PCOS. It constitutes a significant step forward in the measurement of HRQOL of adolescents with PCOS. What is Known: • There is no disease-specific questionnaire for assessment of the health-related quality of life (HRQOL) of adolescents with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). What is New: • The short questionnaire of APQ-20 is easy to use, valid, and reliable for the assessment of the HRQOL of adolescents with PCOS. • APQ-20 constitutes a significant step forward in the measurement of HRQOL of adolescents with PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzieh Saei Ghare Naz
- Reproductive Endocrinology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Giti Ozgoli
- Midwifery and Reproductive Health Research Center, Department of Midwifery and Reproductive Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fazlollah Ahmadi
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Alavi Majd
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Aflatounian
- Reproductive Endocrinology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,School of Women's & Children's Health, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Fahimeh Ramezani Tehrani
- Reproductive Endocrinology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Koschig M, Conrad I, Riedel-Heller SG. Experiences and attitudes towards mental health problems in first year German university students. Int J Adolesc Med Health 2023; 35:109-117. [PMID: 34704689 DOI: 10.1515/ijamh-2021-0026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The study should show how familiar German first year university students are with mental health issues and what their attitudes are regarding mental illness. METHODS The study sample consisted of 293 first year German university students (20.37 years ± 1.88), most of them women (82.9%). The majority (77.6%) was studying a social type subject. An additive focus group consisted of four experts. The participants of the quantitative part were recruited at prevention workshops that were offered during the induction week at the beginning of the semester at 15 German universities. Experts of the focus group were recruited by telephone call. In addition to quantitative analysis, we realized a focus group with experts of our target group concerns and university system. For statistical analysis, we used statistic software programme "SPSS" 24 to conduct t-tests. We used content-analytical evaluation to build a category system. RESULTS Every fourth participant reported having had a mental health problem. Male participants had a slightly greater desire for social distance (p=0.008; df=288) and slightly stronger stereotypes (p<0.001; df=289). CONCLUSIONS The present study shows that first year university students in Germany have substantial experience with mental health problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Koschig
- Institute of Social Medicine, Occupational Health and Public Health, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ines Conrad
- Institute of Social Medicine, Occupational Health and Public Health, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Steffi G Riedel-Heller
- Institute of Social Medicine, Occupational Health and Public Health, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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A guided online ACT intervention may increase psychological well-being and support school engagement in adolescents. JOURNAL OF CONTEXTUAL BEHAVIORAL SCIENCE 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcbs.2023.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
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Aghebati A, Javaherirenani R, Amin R, Pazhooyan M, Farahani H, Ahadianfard P. Psychometric properties of Persian version of child and youth resilience measure‐revised in adolescents. PSYCHOLOGY IN THE SCHOOLS 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/pits.22860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Asma Aghebati
- Department of Clinical Psychology, School of Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health Iran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Razieh Javaherirenani
- Department of Clinical Psychology, School of Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health Iran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Razieh Amin
- Department of Clinical Psychology, School of Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health Iran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Mahdiye Pazhooyan
- Department of Clinical Psychology, School of Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health Iran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Hojjatollah Farahani
- Department of Psychology, School of Humanities Tarbiat Modares University Tehran Iran
| | - Pantea Ahadianfard
- Department of Clinical Psychology, School of Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health Iran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
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Hilt LM, Swords CM, Webb CA. Randomized Controlled Trial of a Mindfulness Mobile Application for Ruminative Adolescents. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHOLOGY : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL FOR THE SOCIETY OF CLINICAL CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHOLOGY, AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION, DIVISION 53 2023:1-14. [PMID: 36622879 PMCID: PMC10329729 DOI: 10.1080/15374416.2022.2158840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Rumination is a risk factor for the development of internalizing psychopathology that often emerges during adolescence. The goal of the present study was to test a mindfulness mobile app intervention designed to reduce rumination. METHOD Ruminative adolescents (N = 152; 59% girls, 18% racial/ethnic minority, Mage = 13.72, SD = .89) were randomly assigned to use a mobile app 3 times per day for 3 weeks that delivered brief mindfulness exercises or a mood monitoring-only control. Participants reported on rumination, depressive symptoms and anxiety symptoms at baseline, post-intervention and at 3 follow-up timepoints: 6 weeks, 12 weeks, and 6 months post-intervention. Parents reported on internalizing symptoms. RESULTS There was a significant Time X Condition effect at post-intervention for rumination, depressive symptoms, and anxiety symptoms, such that participants in the mindfulness intervention showed improvements relative to those in the control condition. The effect for rumination lasted through the 6-week follow-up period; however, group differences were generally not observed throughout the follow-up period, which may indicate that continued practice is needed for gains to be maintained. CONCLUSIONS This intervention may have the potential to prevent the development of psychopathology and should be tested in a longitudinal study assessing affective disorder onset, especially in populations with limited access to conventional, in person mental health care.This study was registered with Clinicaltrials.gov (Identifier NCT03900416).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lori M. Hilt
- Department of Psychology, Lawrence University, 711 E. Boldt Way, Appleton, WI 54911, U.S
| | - Caroline M. Swords
- Department of Psychology, Lawrence University, 711 E. Boldt Way, Appleton, WI 54911, U.S
| | - Christian A. Webb
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School and McLean Hospital, MA, U.S
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Gray HM, Beu Rae M, Anderson C, Nelson SE, LaPlante DA, Whelshula MM, Bowman M. Recommendations for Optimizing xaʔtus (First Face) for Mental Health Training: Insights from Key Informants. AMERICAN INDIAN AND ALASKA NATIVE MENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2023; 30:22-54. [PMID: 37523640 PMCID: PMC10641797 DOI: 10.5820/aian.3002.2023.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Native adolescents experiencing mental health challenges, including substance misuse, often prefer to seek support from their peers and other informal sources, which may be due to lack of access to, and cultural fit with, professional behavioral health services. xaʔtus (First Face) for Mental Health is a Tribal community-based intervention designed to strengthen networks of informal mental health support and open pathways to more formal support. We sought insights from key informants to optimize the planning, promotion, and delivery of First Face trainings to seven Tribal communities in the Northwest United States. We conducted three focus groups with (1) teens completing a residential chemical dependency program at the Healing Lodge of the Seven Nations (n = 10), (2) clinical staff representing the Healing Lodge's Behavioral Health Department (n = 9), and (3) community members representing educators and social service professionals at five of the Tribal nations that support the Healing Lodge (n = 6). Discussion generated planning, promotion, and training recommendations. Planning recommendations focused on showing respect for trainees' time by holding the training during convenient times and factoring in trainees' commitments to work and family, integrating the training into high school science or health education classes, and taking steps to protect trainees' physical safety in the age of COVID while avoiding "Zoom fatigue." Promotion recommendations highlighted community members' possible reluctance to become a First Face due to fear about the responsibilities associated with taking on this role and the need to emphasize the personal relevance of First Face training. In terms of training delivery, participants emphasized the importance of including engaging, interactive activities; instructing future First Faces in self-care; and acknowledging the impact of traumatic contemporary experiences on mental health, while at the same time preventing heated and distressing political debates. We describe our response to participants' recommendations and the rationale for those responses.
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Linkas J, Ahmed LA, Csifcsak G, Emaus N, Furberg AS, Pettersen G, Rognmo K, Christoffersen T. Two-year changes in sleep duration are associated with changes in psychological distress in adolescent girls and boys: the fit futures study. Health Psychol Behav Med 2022; 10:1159-1175. [PMID: 36437871 PMCID: PMC9683068 DOI: 10.1080/21642850.2022.2147936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Studies indicate an inverse association between sleep duration and psychological distress. We aimed to explore associations between changes in sleep duration and changes in psychological distress in girls and boys. Methods The Fit Futures Study is a broad adolescent study providing data from 373 girls and 294 boys aged 15–18 years collected in 2010/2011 (FF1) and 2012/2013 (FF2). Psychological distress was measured by the Hopkins Symptom Checklist (HSCL-10) and sleep duration was self-reported. Change score variables were calculated as the change between baseline and follow-up for sleep duration and HSCL-10, respectively. Associations between changes in sleep duration and changes in HSCL-10 were explored by linear regressions, in gender-stratified analyses. Results At FF1, girls and boys slept on average 6.93 (SD = 1.08) and 7.05 (SD = 1.20) hours per night respectively, and correspondingly, 6.83 (SD = 1.19) and 6.85 (SD = 1.21) at FF2. At FF1, 22.8% of the girls and 25.8% of the boys slept ≤ 6 h per night, and correspondingly 28.0% and 28.2% at FF2. In girls and boys, one unit increase (30 min) in sleep duration was associated with a decrease in HSCL-10 score of B [95% CI] = −0.090 [−0.131, −0.048], p < 0.001, and −0.054 [−0.091, −0.017], p < 0.001, respectively. The associations remained significant after adjusting for confounders. Conclusion Our findings show that increased sleep duration was associated with decreased psychological distress during adolescence. Future studies should examine the causality between sleep duration and psychological distress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Linkas
- Department of Health and Care Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Narvik, Norway
| | - Luai Awad Ahmed
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institute of Public Health, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, UAE
| | - Gabor Csifcsak
- Department of Psychology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Nina Emaus
- Department of Health and Care Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Anne-Sofie Furberg
- Faculty of Health and Care Sciences, Molde University College, Molde, Norway
| | - Gunn Pettersen
- Department of Health and Care Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Kamilla Rognmo
- Department of Psychology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Tore Christoffersen
- Department of Health and Care Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- School of Sport Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Alta, Norway
- Department of Research and Development, Finnmark Hospital Trust, Alta, Norway
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44
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Lambonmung A, Acheampong CA, Langkulsen U. The Effects of Pregnancy: A Systematic Review of Adolescent Pregnancy in Ghana, Liberia, and Nigeria. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 20:ijerph20010605. [PMID: 36612928 PMCID: PMC9819978 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20010605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
There is a high incidence of adolescent pregnancy in West Africa. The objective of this study is to highlight the health impacts of adolescent pregnancy through a systematic review. A search was conducted in the electronic databases of Google, Google Scholar, SCOPUS, EBSCO, CINAHL, Web of Science, African Journals Online (AJOL), and the Demographic Health Surveys (DHS) Program. The study found anemia, complications of pregnancy, obstetric and gynecological risks, unsafe abortions, and psychological effects to adversely impact the health of adolescent girls in Ghana, Liberia, and Nigeria. Pregnancy could be deleterious to the health and well-being of adolescent girls in various forms. In addition, adolescent pregnancy could expose adolescent girls to gender-based violence, exclusions, and inequities, be detrimental to upholding women's sexual and reproductive health rights, and could also have implications for Sustainable Development Goal 3. Targeted interventions to prevent pregnancy in young women and mitigate these effects by stakeholders are encouraged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Augustine Lambonmung
- Faculty of Public Health, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
- Tamale Teaching Hospital, Ministry of Health, Tamale P.O. Box TL 16, Ghana
| | | | - Uma Langkulsen
- Faculty of Public Health, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +66-8-7078-5123
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45
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Smedbråten K, Grotle M, Jahre H, Richardsen KR, Côté P, Steingrímsdóttir ÓA, Storheim K, Nielsen CS, Øiestad BE. Accumulation of health complaints is associated with persistent musculoskeletal pain two years later in adolescents: The Fit Futures study. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0278906. [PMID: 36580469 PMCID: PMC9799295 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0278906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
There is limited knowledge on the association between different health complaints and the development of persistent musculoskeletal pain in adolescents. The aims of this study were to assess whether specific health complaints, and an accumulation of health complaints, in the first year of upper-secondary school, were associated with persistent musculoskeletal pain 2 years later. We used data from a population-based cohort study (the Fit Futures Study in Norway), including 551 adolescents without persistent musculoskeletal pain at baseline. The outcome was persistent musculoskeletal pain (≥3 months) 2 years after inclusion. The following self-reported health complaints were investigated as individual exposures at baseline: asthma, allergic rhinitis, atopic eczema, headache, abdominal pain and psychological distress. We also investigated the association between the accumulated number of self-reported health complaints and persistent musculoskeletal pain 2 years later. Logistic regression analyses estimated adjusted odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). At the 2-year follow-up, 13.8% (95% CI [11.2-16.9]) reported persistent musculoskeletal pain. Baseline abdominal pain was associated with persistent musculoskeletal pain 2 years later (OR 2.33, 95% CI [1.29-4.19], p = 0.01). Our analyses showed no statistically significant associations between asthma, allergic rhinitis, atopic eczema, headache or psychological distress and persistent musculoskeletal pain at the 2-year follow-up. For the accumulated number of health complaints, a higher odds of persistent musculoskeletal pain at the 2-year follow-up was observed for each additional health complaint at baseline (OR 1.33, 95% CI [1.07-1.66], p = 0.01). Health care providers might need to take preventive actions in adolescents with abdominal pain and in adolescents with an accumulation of health complaints to prevent development of persistent musculoskeletal pain. The potential multimorbidity perspective of adolescent musculoskeletal pain is an important topic for future research to understand the underlying patterns of persistent pain conditions in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaja Smedbråten
- Department of Rehabilitation Science and Health Technology, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
- * E-mail:
| | - Margreth Grotle
- Department of Rehabilitation Science and Health Technology, Centre for Intelligent Musculoskeletal Health, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Research and Communication Unit for Musculoskeletal Health (FORMI), Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Henriette Jahre
- Department of Rehabilitation Science and Health Technology, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Rehabilitation Science and Health Technology, Centre for Intelligent Musculoskeletal Health, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kåre Rønn Richardsen
- Department of Rehabilitation Science and Health Technology, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Rehabilitation Science and Health Technology, Centre for Intelligent Musculoskeletal Health, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
| | - Pierre Côté
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Institute for Disability and Rehabilitation Research, Ontario Tech University, Oshawa, Canada
| | - Ólöf Anna Steingrímsdóttir
- Division of Mental and Physical Health, Department of Physical Health and Ageing, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Emergencies and Critical Care, Department of Research and Development, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kjersti Storheim
- Department of Rehabilitation Science and Health Technology, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Research and Communication Unit for Musculoskeletal Health (FORMI), Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Christopher Sivert Nielsen
- Division of Mental and Physical Health, Department of Chronic Diseases, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Emergencies and Critical Care, Department of Pain Management and Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Britt Elin Øiestad
- Department of Rehabilitation Science and Health Technology, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Rehabilitation Science and Health Technology, Centre for Intelligent Musculoskeletal Health, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
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46
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Hossain MM, Nesa F, Das J, Aggad R, Tasnim S, Bairwa M, Ma P, Ramirez G. Global burden of mental health problems among children and adolescents during COVID-19 pandemic: An umbrella review. Psychiatry Res 2022; 317:114814. [PMID: 36055064 PMCID: PMC9420079 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2022.114814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Mental health problems among children and adolescents are increasingly reported amidst the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. In this umbrella review, we aimed to synthesize global evidence on the epidemiologic burden and correlates of child and adolescent mental health (CAMH) problems during this pandemic from existing systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Adopting the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) methodology, we evaluated 422 citations and identified 17 eligible reviews with medium to high methodological quality. Most of the reviews reported a high prevalence of anxiety, depression, sleep disorders, suicidal behavior, stress-related disorders, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, and other mental health problems. Also, factors associated with CAMH such as age, gender, place of residence, educational attainment, household income, sedentary lifestyle, social media and internet use, comorbidities, family relationships, parents' psychosocial conditions, COVID-19 related experiences, closure of schools, online learning, and social support were reported across reviews. As most studies were cross-sectional and used nonrepresentative samples, future research on representative samples adopting longitudinal and intervention designs is needed. Lastly, multipronged psychosocial care services, policies, and programs are needed to alleviate the burden of CAMH problems during and after this pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Mahbub Hossain
- Department of Decision and Information Sciences, C.T. Bauer College of Business, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA,Department of Health Systems and Population Health Sciences, Tilman J. Fertitta Family College of Medicine, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA,Corresponding author at: Department of Decision and Information Sciences, C.T. Bauer College of Business, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Fazilatun Nesa
- Research Initiative for Health Equity, Khulna, Bangladesh
| | - Jyoti Das
- Research Initiative for Health Equity, Khulna, Bangladesh
| | - Roaa Aggad
- School of Public Health, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77840, USA
| | - Samia Tasnim
- School of Public Health, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77840, USA
| | - Mohan Bairwa
- All Indian Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Ping Ma
- School of Public Health, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77840, USA
| | - Gilbert Ramirez
- Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, FL 33174, USA
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47
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Problemas emocionais e comportamentais em pré-adolescentes classificados como recém-nascidos de risco. ACTA PAUL ENFERM 2022. [DOI: 10.37689/acta-ape/2022ao02937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
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48
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Cross-Cultural Comparison of ICD-11 Adjustment Disorder Prevalence and Its Risk Factors in Japanese and Lithuanian Adolescents. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12091172. [PMID: 36138907 PMCID: PMC9496776 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12091172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Although there is increasing knowledge about adjustment disorder (AjD) based on the new diagnostic criteria of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11), less is known on AjD in adolescents. This study aimed to examine the prevalence of AjD and its risk factors in Japanese and Lithuanian adolescents. Methods: The cross-sectional study sample comprised 1745 adolescents from Japan (n = 913) and Lithuania (n = 832). AjD was assessed using the Adjustment Disorder New Module-8 (ADNM-8). We compared the prevalence of AjD in Japanese and Lithuanian adolescents. Using multinominal logistic regression analysis, we examined the effects of age, gender, socioeconomic status, and cumulative stressors as societal and cultural factors, resilience as an intrapersonal factor, and loneliness and perceived support as interpersonal factors on adolescent AjD. Results: The prevalence of probable AjD was 11.7% in Lithuanian adolescents and 6.9% in Japanese adolescents. Gender, socioeconomic status, cumulative stressors, resilience, loneliness, and perceived positive social support were each significantly associated with AjD risk. Conclusions: This cross-cultural comparative study revealed characteristics of the stressors and prevalence of AjD among Japanese and Lithuanian adolescents. In terms of the socio-interpersonal framework model for the stress–response syndrome, sociocultural, intrapersonal, and interpersonal factors were found to be risk factors associated with AjD in adolescents.
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49
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Costa TFO, Sampaio FMC, Sequeira CADC, Lluch Canut MT, Moreno Poyato AR. A qualitative study exploring adolescents' perspective about Mental Health First Aid Training Programmes promoted by nurses in upper secondary schools. Int J Ment Health Nurs 2022; 31:326-338. [PMID: 34825458 DOI: 10.1111/inm.12959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Mental Health First Aid Training Programmes are educational interventions that aim to disseminate basic first aid skills in the community. Adolescents in the context of their secondary school education are a particularly appropriate population for literacy promotion interventions. This study explores adolescents' perspectives on Mental Health First Aid Training Programmes promoted by nurses in Portuguese upper secondary schools. A qualitative and exploratory study was conducted. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 12 adolescents who participated voluntarily and with the consent of their parents. Data were analysed using content analysis. Fourteen themes were identified around three main areas: (i) Relevance of training programmes, (ii) Content of training programmes and (iii) Intervention methods of training programmes. The results obtained indicate that adolescents consider Mental Health First Aid Training Programmes in school relevant and necessary. Adolescents identified the content they deemed most appropriate and how it could be taught. These results can guide the development of training programmes. Nurses should take the lead in implementing these interventions in schools. Adolescents can take a more active role in mental health issues by improving their literacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago Filipe Oliveira Costa
- Centro Hospitalar de Vila Nova de Gaia / Espinho, Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal.,Nursing School of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Department of Public Health, Mental Health and Maternal and Child Health Nursing, Nursing School, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,NursID: Innovation & Development in Nursing, Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal
| | - Francisco Miguel Correia Sampaio
- NursID: Innovation & Development in Nursing, Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal.,Higher School of Health Fernando Pessoa, Porto, Portugal
| | - Carlos Alberto da Cruz Sequeira
- Nursing School of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,NursID: Innovation & Development in Nursing, Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal
| | - María Teresa Lluch Canut
- Department of Public Health, Mental Health and Maternal and Child Health Nursing, Nursing School, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antonio Rafael Moreno Poyato
- Department of Public Health, Mental Health and Maternal and Child Health Nursing, Nursing School, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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50
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Linkas J, Ahmed LA, Csifcsak G, Emaus N, Furberg AS, Grimnes G, Pettersen G, Rognmo K, Christoffersen T. C-Reactive Protein and TGF-α Predict Psychological Distress at Two Years of Follow-Up in Healthy Adolescent Boys: The Fit Futures Study. Front Psychol 2022; 13:823420. [PMID: 35360574 PMCID: PMC8963454 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.823420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
ObjectiveThe scarcity of research on associations between inflammatory markers and symptoms of depression and anxiety during adolescence has yielded inconsistent results. Further, not all studies have controlled for potential confounders. We explored the associations between baseline inflammatory markers and psychological distress including moderators at follow-up in a Norwegian adolescent population sample.MethodsData was derived from 373 girls and 294 boys aged 15–18 years at baseline, in the Fit Futures Study, a large-scale 2-year follow-up study on adolescent health. Baseline data was gathered from 2010 to 2011 and follow-up data from 2012 to 2013. Psychological distress was measured with Hopkins Symptom Checklist (HSCL-10). Serum levels of the following inflammatory markers were measured: C-reactive protein (CRP), Interleukin 6 (IL-6), Transforming growth factor alpha (TGF-α), Tumor necrosis factor alpha variant 1 (TRANCE), and variant 2 (TWEAK). Independent associations between baseline inflammatory markers and HSCL-10 at follow-up were explored by linear regressions, in sex-stratified analyses.ResultsIn girls, analyses showed positive associations between all inflammatory markers and HSCL-10, except for TRANCE. However, all associations were non-significant in crude as well as in adjusted analyses. In boys, CRP (p = 0.03) and TGF-α (p < 0.01) showed significant associations with HSCL-10, that remained significant after adjustment. Additionally, moderators were found. In boys, CRP was associated with HSCL-10 in those with high body fat and those being physical inactive, and the association between TWEAK and HSCL-10 was dependent upon sleep duration.ConclusionThere were significant prospective associations between CRP, TFG-α, and HSCL-10 in boys aged 15–18 years at baseline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Linkas
- Department of Health and Care Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Narvik, Norway
- *Correspondence: Jonas Linkas,
| | - Luai Awad Ahmed
- Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Gabor Csifcsak
- Department of Psychology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Nina Emaus
- Department of Health and Care Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Anne-Sofie Furberg
- Faculty of Health and Care Sciences, Molde University College, Molde, Norway
| | - Guri Grimnes
- Division of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Gunn Pettersen
- Department of Health and Care Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Kamilla Rognmo
- Department of Psychology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Tore Christoffersen
- Department of Health and Care Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- School of Sport Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Alta, Norway
- Department of Research and Development, Finnmark Hospital Trust, Alta, Norway
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