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Mamun MAA, Rakib A, Mandal M, Kumar S, Singla B, Singh UP. Polyphenols: Role in Modulating Immune Function and Obesity. Biomolecules 2024; 14:221. [PMID: 38397458 PMCID: PMC10887194 DOI: 10.3390/biom14020221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Polyphenols, long-used components of medicinal plants, have drawn great interest in recent years as potential therapeutic agents because of their safety, efficacy, and wide range of biological effects. Approximately 75% of the world's population still use plant-based medicinal compounds, indicating the ongoing significance of phytochemicals for human health. This study emphasizes the growing body of research investigating the anti-adipogenic and anti-obesity functions of polyphenols. The functions of polyphenols, including phenylpropanoids, flavonoids, terpenoids, alkaloids, glycosides, and phenolic acids, are distinct due to changes in chemical diversity and structural characteristics. This review methodically investigates the mechanisms by which naturally occurring polyphenols mediate obesity and metabolic function in immunomodulation. To this end, hormonal control of hunger has the potential to inhibit pro-obesity enzymes such as pancreatic lipase, the promotion of energy expenditure, and the modulation of adipocytokine production. Specifically, polyphenols affect insulin, a hormone that is essential for regulating blood sugar, and they also play a role, in part, in a complex web of factors that affect the progression of obesity. This review also explores the immunomodulatory properties of polyphenols, providing insight into their ability to improve immune function and the effects of polyphenols on gut health, improving the number of commensal bacteria, cytokine production suppression, and immune cell mediation, including natural killer cells and macrophages. Taken together, continuous studies are required to understand the prudent and precise mechanisms underlying polyphenols' therapeutic potential in obesity and immunomodulation. In the interim, this review emphasizes a holistic approach to health and promotes the consumption of a wide range of foods and drinks high in polyphenols. This review lays the groundwork for future developments, indicating that the components of polyphenols and their derivatives may provide the answer to urgent worldwide health issues. This compilation of the body of knowledge paves the way for future discoveries in the global treatment of pressing health concerns in obesity and metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Udai P. Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 881 Madison Avenue, Memphis, TN 38163, USA; (M.A.A.M.); (A.R.); (M.M.); (S.K.); (B.S.)
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2
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Ruck L, Wiegand S, Kühnen P. Relevance and consequence of chronic inflammation for obesity development. Mol Cell Pediatr 2023; 10:16. [PMID: 37957462 PMCID: PMC10643747 DOI: 10.1186/s40348-023-00170-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing prevalence of morbid obesity accompanied by comorbidities like type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) led to a demand for improving therapeutic strategies and pharmacological intervention options. Apart from genetics, inflammation processes have been hypothesized to be of importance for the development of obesity and related aspects like insulin resistance. MAIN TEXT Within this review, we provide an overview of the intricate interplay between chronic inflammation of the adipose tissue and the hypothalamus and the development of obesity. Further understanding of this relationship might improve the understanding of the underlying mechanism and may be of relevance for the establishment of new treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Ruck
- Klinik Für Pädiatrische Endokrinologie und Diabetologie, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany.
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, BIH Biomedical Innovation Academy, BIH Charité Junior Clinician Scientist Program, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Susanna Wiegand
- Abteilung Interdisziplinär, Sozial-Pädiatrisches Zentrum, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter Kühnen
- Klinik Für Pädiatrische Endokrinologie und Diabetologie, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
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Ruiz CF, Garcia C, Jacox JB, Lawres L, Muzumdar MD. Decoding the obesity-cancer connection: lessons from preclinical models of pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Life Sci Alliance 2023; 6:e202302228. [PMID: 37648285 PMCID: PMC10474221 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202302228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a metabolic state of energy excess and a risk factor for over a dozen cancer types. Because of the rising worldwide prevalence of obesity, decoding the mechanisms by which obesity promotes tumor initiation and early progression is a societal imperative and could broadly impact human health. Here, we review results from preclinical models that link obesity to cancer, using pancreatic adenocarcinoma as a paradigmatic example. We discuss how obesity drives cancer development by reprogramming the pretumor or tumor cell and its micro- and macro-environments. Specifically, we describe evidence for (1) altered cellular metabolism, (2) hormone dysregulation, (3) inflammation, and (4) microbial dysbiosis in obesity-driven pancreatic tumorigenesis, denoting variables that confound interpretation of these studies, and highlight remaining gaps in knowledge. Recent advances in preclinical modeling and emerging unbiased analytic approaches will aid in further unraveling the complex link between obesity and cancer, informing novel strategies for prevention, interception, and therapy in pancreatic adenocarcinoma and other obesity-associated cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian F Ruiz
- https://ror.org/03v76x132 Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- https://ror.org/03v76x132 Yale Cancer Biology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Cathy Garcia
- https://ror.org/03v76x132 Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- https://ror.org/03v76x132 Yale Cancer Biology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jeremy B Jacox
- https://ror.org/03v76x132 Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- https://ror.org/03v76x132 Yale Cancer Biology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, CT, USA
- https://ror.org/03v76x132 Department of Medicine (Section of Medical Oncology), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Lauren Lawres
- https://ror.org/03v76x132 Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Mandar D Muzumdar
- https://ror.org/03v76x132 Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- https://ror.org/03v76x132 Yale Cancer Biology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, CT, USA
- https://ror.org/03v76x132 Department of Medicine (Section of Medical Oncology), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- https://ror.org/03v76x132 Yale Cancer Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
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4
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Hussein M, Saif A, Amin M, Khalafallah O, Hussien A, Aboulsoud S, Mousa S. Plasma Adiponectin and Its Correlation with Carotid Intima-Media Thickness in Obesity and in Type 2 Diabetes and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. J Nutr Metab 2023; 2023:6661585. [PMID: 37692464 PMCID: PMC10484655 DOI: 10.1155/2023/6661585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Methods and Results The study included 200 Egyptian subjects. They were divided into four equal groups: group 1: obese patients with NAFLD and T2DM (O+/NAFLD+/DM+), group 2: nonobese patients with NAFLD and T2DM (O-/NAFLD+/DM+), group 3: obese nondiabetic patients with NAFLD (O+/NAFLD+/DM-), and group 4: nonobese healthy control subjects. Plasma adiponectin was measured using ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) technique. Ultrasonography was used to diagnose NAFLD. CIMT was assessed using Doppler ultrasonography. Plasma adiponectin was significantly lower and CIMT was significantly higher in O+/NAFLD+/DM+, as compared with O-/NAFLD+/DM+, O+/NAFLD+/DM-, and control subjects (p < 0.001 for all). A significant negative correlation was found between adiponectin and CIMT in obese patients with NAFLD (p < 0.05), but not in patients with NAFLD and T2DM. The significant independent predictors of CIMT were diabetes duration, BMI (body mass index), albumin/creatinine ratio, and cholesterol. Conclusion Plasma adiponectin is inversely correlated with CIMT in obese patients with NAFLD, but not in patients with NAFLD and T2DM. Hypoadiponectinemia could be a good indicator of cardiovascular risk in obese patients with NAFLD, with or without T2DM, but not in nonobese patients with NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha Hussein
- Internal Medicine Department, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Aasem Saif
- Internal Medicine Department, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mona Amin
- Internal Medicine Department, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Osama Khalafallah
- Clinical and Chemical Pathology Department, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Hussien
- Internal Medicine Department, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | | | - Shrook Mousa
- Internal Medicine Department, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
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Tao X, Liu Y, Ding Z, Xie S, Cao W, Li X. Injectable cell-targeting fiber rods to promote lipolysis and regulate inflammation for obesity treatment. Biomater Sci 2023; 11:5663-5673. [PMID: 37432672 DOI: 10.1039/d3bm00619k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
Obesity has become a worldwide public health problem and continues to be one of the leading causes of chronic diseases. Obesity treatment is challenged by large drug doses, high administration frequencies and severe side effects. Herein, we propose an antiobesity strategy through the local administration of HaRChr fiber rods loaded with chrysin and grafted with hyaluronic acid and AtsFRk fiber fragments loaded with raspberry ketone and grafted with adipocyte target sequences (ATSs). The hyaluronic acid grafts double the uptake levels of HaRChr by M1 macrophages to promote phenotype transformation from M1 to M2 through upregulating CD206 and downregulating CD86 expressions. ATS-mediated targeting and sustained release of raspberry ketone from AtsFRk increase the secretion of glycerol and adiponectin, and Oil red O staining shows much fewer lipid droplets in adipocytes. The combination treatment with AtsFRk and the conditioned media from HaRChr-treated macrophages elevates adiponectin levels, suggesting that M2 macrophages may secrete anti-inflammatory factors to stimulate adipocytes to produce adiponectin. Diet-induced obese mice showed significant weight losses of inguinal (49.7%) and epididymal (32.5%) adipose tissues after HaRChr/AtsFRk treatment, but no effect was observed on food intake. HaRChr/AtsFRk treatment reduces adipocyte volumes, lowers serum levels of triglycerides and total cholesterol and restores adiponectin levels to those of normal mice. In the meantime, HaRChr/AtsFRk treatment significantly elevates the gene expression of adiponectin and interleukin-10 and downregulates tissue necrosis factor-α expression in the inguinal adipose tissues. Thus, local injection of cell-targeting fiber rods and fragments demonstrates a feasible and effective antiobesity strategy through improving lipid metabolism and normalizing the inflammatory microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyan Tao
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, P.R. China.
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, P.R. China
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, P.R. China
| | - Zhenhua Ding
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, P.R. China
| | - Shuang Xie
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, P.R. China.
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, P.R. China
| | - Wenxiong Cao
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, P.R. China.
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohong Li
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, P.R. China.
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, P.R. China
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Mohammed Saeed W, Nasser Binjawhar D. Association of Serum Leptin and Adiponectin Concentrations with Type 2 Diabetes Biomarkers and Complications Among Saudi Women. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2023; 16:2129-2140. [PMID: 37465649 PMCID: PMC10351522 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s405476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Hyperglycemia and insulin resistance (IR) put obese women with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) at risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Methods 150 T2DM women aged 30-45 were studied cross-sectionally at Madinah Hospital lab to find T2DM risk factors and their association with adiponectin/leptin levels. Results Women with T2DM showed greater fasting blood glucose (FBG), hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), triglycerides (TG), body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), insulin resistance (IR), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and CVD risk (high atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) and leptin), but decreased high-density lipoprotein (HDL-cholesterol) and poor insulin sensitivity with low adiponectin. Obese women with T2DM had increased leptin and reduced adiponectin. Leptin levels were significantly related to IR, BMI, and AIP (B= 3.97, P= 0.02) but not WC. Leptin levels were negatively correlated with insulin sensitivity (IS) and HDL-c (P< 0.05). In linear regression analysis, adiponectin levels had a significant association with IS and HDL-c (P= 0.03, P= 0.04) but an inverse relationship with IR, BMI, WC (B=-2.91, P= 0.04), and AIP (P< 0.05). Conclusion Increased leptin levels are related to high IR, AIP, and BMI among T2DM female patients. Similarly, adiponectin levels decrease IS and HDL-c. Therefore, obese T2DM women with high leptin and low adiponectin levels should be periodically checked to avoid or decrease consequences like CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walaa Mohammed Saeed
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Science, Taibah University, Tayba, Medina, 42353, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dalal Nasser Binjawhar
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, 11671, Saudia Arabia
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Mohseni R, Teimouri M, Safaei M, Arab Sadeghabadi Z. AMP-activated protein kinase is a key regulator of obesity-associated factors. Cell Biochem Funct 2023; 41:20-32. [PMID: 36468539 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
An imbalance between caloric intake and energy expenditure leads to obesity. Obesity is an important risk factor for the development of several metabolic diseases including insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and cardiovascular disease. So, controlling obesity could be effective in the improvement of obesity-related diseases. Various factors are involved in obesity, such as AMP-activated protein kinases (AMPK), silent information regulators, inflammatory mediators, oxidative stress parameters, gastrointestinal hormones, adipokines, angiopoietin-like proteins, and microRNAs. These factors play an important role in obesity by controlling fat metabolism, energy homeostasis, food intake, and insulin sensitivity. AMPK is a heterotrimeric serine/threonine protein kinase known as a fuel-sensing enzyme. The central role of AMPK in obesity makes it an attractive molecule to target obesity and related metabolic diseases. In this review, the critical role of AMPK in obesity and the interplay between AMPK and obesity-associated factors were elaborated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roohollah Mohseni
- Clinical Biochemistry Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran.,Department of Clinical Biochemistry & Nutrition, School of Medicine, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Maryam Teimouri
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Mohsen Safaei
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Zahra Arab Sadeghabadi
- Clinical Biochemistry Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran.,Department of Clinical Biochemistry & Nutrition, School of Medicine, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
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Na JY, Yoon DY, Yoo H, Lee S, Yu K, Jang I, Yoo S, Kim Y, Oh J. Safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetic, and pharmacodynamic characteristics of vutiglabridin: A first-in-class, first-in-human study. Clin Transl Sci 2022; 15:2744-2757. [PMID: 36176051 PMCID: PMC9652434 DOI: 10.1111/cts.13401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of vutiglabridin, a potential anti-obesity treatment under development, for the first time in humans. A randomized, placebo-controlled, single- and multiple-ascending dose study (SAD and MAD, respectively) was performed in healthy Koreans and Whites. Subjects randomly received a single oral dose of 30-720 mg vutiglabridin or placebo at a ratio of 8:2 in the SAD study or 240-480 mg vutiglabridin or placebo once daily for 14 days in the MAD study. Food effect was also evaluated in 240 mg single dose group. Pharmacokinetics were evaluated through plasma concentrations, and pharmacodynamic biomarkers related to obesity or inflammation were analyzed. Safety and tolerability were assessed throughout the study. Single and multiple doses of vutiglabridin were generally well-tolerated. The pharmacokinetic parameters show less than dose-proportionality increase, and plasma concentrations increased more than two-fold after multiple administrations. The mean half-life of Koreans and Whites in the MAD study was 110 and 73 h, respectively. The systemic exposure of vutiglabridin was significantly increased when taken with a high-fat meal, and the systemic exposure was lower in Whites than in Koreans. Vutiglabridin was well-tolerated in healthy Koreans and Whites. The plasma concentration increased less than the dose-proportionality manner. These results justify further investigation of vutiglabridin in patients with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joo Young Na
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and TherapeuticsSeoul National University College of Medicine and HospitalSeoulKorea
| | - Deok Yong Yoon
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and TherapeuticsSeoul National University College of Medicine and HospitalSeoulKorea
| | - Hyounggyoon Yoo
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, CHA Bundang Medical CenterSeongnamKorea
| | - SeungHwan Lee
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and TherapeuticsSeoul National University College of Medicine and HospitalSeoulKorea
| | - Kyung‐Sang Yu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and TherapeuticsSeoul National University College of Medicine and HospitalSeoulKorea
| | - In‐Jin Jang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and TherapeuticsSeoul National University College of Medicine and HospitalSeoulKorea
| | | | | | - Jaeseong Oh
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and TherapeuticsSeoul National University College of Medicine and HospitalSeoulKorea
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Effects of Lactobacillus curvatus HY7601 and Lactobacillus plantarum KY1032 on Overweight and the Gut Microbiota in Humans: Randomized, Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14122484. [PMID: 35745214 PMCID: PMC9228474 DOI: 10.3390/nu14122484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and overweight are closely related to diet, and the gut microbiota play an important role in body weight and human health. The aim of this study was to explore how Lactobacillus curvatus HY7601 and Lactobacillus plantarum KY1032 supplementation alleviate obesity by modulating the human gut microbiome. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was conducted on 72 individuals with overweight. Over a 12-week period, probiotic groups consumed 1 × 1010 colony-forming units of HY7601 and KY1032, whereas the placebo group consumed the same product without probiotics. After treatment, the probiotic group displayed a reduction in body weight (p < 0.001), visceral fat mass (p < 0.025), and waist circumference (p < 0.007), and an increase in adiponectin (p < 0.046), compared with the placebo group. Additionally, HY7601 and KY1032 supplementation modulated bacterial gut microbiota characteristics and beta diversity by increasing Bifidobacteriaceae and Akkermansiaceae and decreasing Prevotellaceae and Selenomonadaceae. In summary, HY7601 and KY1032 probiotics exert anti-obesity effects by regulating the gut microbiota; hence, they have therapeutic potential for preventing or alleviating obesity and living with overweight.
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Zhang J, Yu H, Huang T, Huang N, Liang H. Importance of ideal cardiovascular health metrics in the risk of colorectal cancer among people aged 50 years or older: a UK Biobank cohort study. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e059642. [PMID: 35613818 PMCID: PMC9125756 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-059642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the correlation between the ideal cardiovascular health metrics (ICVHMs) and the incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC) among people aged 50 years or older. DESIGN Prospective cohort study. SETTING The UK Biobank, a prospective cohort of middle-aged participants recruited between 2006 and 2010. PARTICIPANTS The study included 342 226 participants from the UK Biobank aged 50 years or older without prevalent cancer. EXPOSURE The ICVHMs consist of four behavioural factors (abstinence from smoking, ideal body mass index (BMI), physical activity at goal and consumption of healthy diet) and three cardiometabolic factors (untreated total cholesterol <200 mg/dL, untreated blood pressure <120/80 mm Hg and untreated fasting plasma glucose <100 mg/dL). MAIN OUTCOMES The outcome was ascertained by linkage to cancer and death registries using the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth codes C18-C20. RESULTS During a median follow-up time of 8.72 years, 3060 CRC cases were identified. Compared with the reference (participants with ICVHMs ≤2), the multivariable-adjusted HRs for subgroups with 3, 4, 5 and ≥6 ICVHM factors were 0.98 (95% CI 0.85 to 1.12), 0.90 (95% CI 0.77 to 1.02), 0.85 (95% CI 0.71 to 0.98) and 0.69 (95% CI 0.48 to 0.90), respectively. Among the seven ICVHM factors, lower BMI, healthier diet and ideal fasting plasma glucose were significantly associated with lower risk of CRC (HR: 0.86, 95% CI 0.78 to 0.95; HR: 0.92, 95% CI 0.84 to 0.99; HR: 0.90, 95% CI 0.80 to 0.99). CONCLUSIONS Adherence to the ICVHMs was associated with a lower risk of CRC among people aged 50 years or older. Among the seven ICVHM factors, BMI, diet and fasting plasma glucose played a more critical role in the prevention of CRC. These findings imply that adherence to ICVHMs should be encouraged to reduce the burden of cardiovascular disease as well as CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jijuan Zhang
- School of Public Administration and Policy, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Tongji Medical College, Wuhan, China
| | - Hancheng Yu
- School of Public Administration and Policy, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Tongji Medical College, Wuhan, China
| | - Tao Huang
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Ninghao Huang
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Hailun Liang
- School of Public Administration and Policy, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
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Mechanisms contributing to adverse outcomes of COVID-19 in obesity. Mol Cell Biochem 2022; 477:1155-1193. [PMID: 35084674 PMCID: PMC8793096 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-022-04356-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
A growing amount of epidemiological data from multiple countries indicate an increased prevalence of obesity, more importantly central obesity, among hospitalized subjects with COVID-19. This suggests that obesity is a major factor contributing to adverse outcome of the disease. As it is a metabolic disorder with dysregulated immune and endocrine function, it is logical that dysfunctional metabolism contributes to the mechanisms behind obesity being a risk factor for adverse outcome in COVID-19. Emerging data suggest that in obese subjects, (a) the molecular mechanisms of viral entry and spread mediated through ACE2 receptor, a multifunctional host cell protein which links to cellular homeostasis mechanisms, are affected. This includes perturbation of the physiological renin-angiotensin system pathway causing pro-inflammatory and pro-thrombotic challenges (b) existent metabolic overload and ER stress-induced UPR pathway make obese subjects vulnerable to severe COVID-19, (c) host cell response is altered involving reprogramming of metabolism and epigenetic mechanisms involving microRNAs in line with changes in obesity, and (d) adiposopathy with altered endocrine, adipokine, and cytokine profile contributes to altered immune cell metabolism, systemic inflammation, and vascular endothelial dysfunction, exacerbating COVID-19 pathology. In this review, we have examined the available literature on the underlying mechanisms contributing to obesity being a risk for adverse outcome in COVID-19.
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12
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Hulme KD, Noye EC, Short KR, Labzin LI. Dysregulated Inflammation During Obesity: Driving Disease Severity in Influenza Virus and SARS-CoV-2 Infections. Front Immunol 2021; 12:770066. [PMID: 34777390 PMCID: PMC8581451 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.770066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute inflammation is a critical host defense response during viral infection. When dysregulated, inflammation drives immunopathology and tissue damage. Excessive, damaging inflammation is a hallmark of both pandemic influenza A virus (IAV) infections and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections. Chronic, low-grade inflammation is also a feature of obesity. In recent years, obesity has been recognized as a growing pandemic with significant mortality and associated costs. Obesity is also an independent risk factor for increased disease severity and death during both IAV and SARS-CoV-2 infection. This review focuses on the effect of obesity on the inflammatory response in the context of viral respiratory infections and how this leads to increased viral pathology. Here, we will review the fundamentals of inflammation, how it is initiated in IAV and SARS-CoV-2 infection and its link to disease severity. We will examine how obesity drives chronic inflammation and trained immunity and how these impact the immune response to IAV and SARS-CoV-2. Finally, we review both medical and non-medical interventions for obesity, how they impact on the inflammatory response and how they could be used to prevent disease severity in obese patients. As projections of global obesity numbers show no sign of slowing down, future pandemic preparedness will require us to consider the metabolic health of the population. Furthermore, if weight-loss alone is insufficient to reduce the risk of increased respiratory virus-related mortality, closer attention must be paid to a patient’s history of health, and new therapeutic options identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katina D Hulme
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Ellesandra C Noye
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Kirsty R Short
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Larisa I Labzin
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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13
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Assem M, Amin M, Khalafallah O, Hussien A, Saif A, Mousa S. Hypoadiponectinemia as a marker of increased cardiovascular risk in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: correlation with albumin/creatinine ratio. ARCHIVES OF ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM 2021; 65:93-97. [PMID: 33166436 PMCID: PMC10528700 DOI: 10.20945/2359-3997000000307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We assessed plasma adiponectin and its correlation with carotid intima-media-thickness (CIMT), as a marker of atherosclerosis, and urine albumin/creatinine ratio (ACR) in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). METHODS The study included 100 Egyptian subjects (50 patients with NAFLD with no history of diabetes or hypertension and 50 age and sex-matched normal healthy control subjects). Urine albumin/creatinine ratio (ACR) was assessed in all participants and fasting plasma adiponectin was measured using ELISA technique. Ultrasonography was used to diagnose NAFLD. CIMT was assessed using high-resolution Doppler ultrasonography. RESULTS Mild albuminuria was detected in patients with NAFLD (mean urine ACR = 42 ± 30 mg/g). Plasma adiponectin was significantly lower and urine ACR and CIMT significantly higher in patients with NAFLD as compared with the control group (P < 0.001 for all). A significant negative correlation was found between plasma adiponectin and both urine ACR and CIMT in patients with NAFLD (P < 0.001 and < 0.05 respectively). A significant positive correlation was also found between CIMT and urine ACR in those patients (P < 0.05). Plasma adiponectin and urine ACR were independent determinants of CIMT in patients with NAFLD (P < 0.01 and < 0.05 respectively). CONCLUSION Patients with NAFLD, without diabetes, have an increased risk of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease. Hypoadiponectinemia and low-grade albuminuria are important markers of that risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha Assem
- Internal Medicine Department, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mona Amin
- Internal Medicine Department, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Osama Khalafallah
- Clinical and Chemical Pathology Department, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Hussien
- Internal Medicine Department, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Aasem Saif
- Internal Medicine Department, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt, ;
| | - Shrook Mousa
- Internal Medicine Department, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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14
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Balogun O, Kang HW. Garlic Scape ( Allium sativum L.) Extract Decreases Adipogenesis by Activating AMK-Activated Protein Kinase During the Differentiation in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes. J Med Food 2021; 25:24-32. [PMID: 34619042 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2021.0014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulating adipogenesis and lipogenesis in white adipose tissue (WAT) is an efficient strategy to reduce obesity. This study investigates whether garlic scape extract (GSE) has anti-adipogenic and anti-lipogenic effects and which stage of adipogenesis is critical for its effect using 3T3-L1 cells. 3T3-L1 cells that were treated with GSE during adipogenesis and differentiation exhibited reduced peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ, CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein a (Cebpa) and Cebpb, acetyl-CoA carboxylase, fatty acid synthase, sterol regulatory element binding protein 1c, diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1, and perilipin 1 genes. When the cells were treated with GSE during postdifferentiation or during preadipocytes, they showed less reduction and no change, respectively. Consistent with this, lipid accumulation was strongly reduced in the cells that were treated during adipogenesis and differentiation and to a lesser extent in the cells that were treated during preadipocytes and postdifferentiation. Phosphorylation on AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and its downstream proteins was increased together with increased carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1α and phosphorylation on hormone-sensitive lipase in the cells that were treated with GSE during differentiation. In summary, GSE reduced intracellular lipid accumulation by suppressing adipogenic and lipogenic genes and proteins by possibly the activation of AMPK signaling pathway during adipocyte differentiation. This result indicates that garlic scape may have the potential to prevent obesity by regulating lipid metabolism in WAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olugbenga Balogun
- Food and Nutritional Sciences, Department of Family and Consumer Sciences, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, North Carolina, USA
| | - Hye Won Kang
- Food and Nutritional Sciences, Department of Family and Consumer Sciences, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, North Carolina, USA
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15
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Mann M, Rhee Y. Flaxseed Effects on Inflammation Regulatory Gene Expressions in an Obese Animal Model. PLANT FOODS FOR HUMAN NUTRITION (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2021; 76:292-296. [PMID: 34169469 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-021-00906-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is known to be partially influenced by low-grade inflammation caused by pro-inflammatory cytokines and excess adipose tissue. Flaxseed contains secoisolariciresinol diglucoside (SDG) and α-linolenic acid (ALA) that have been shown to prevent pro-inflammatory cytokine production and secretion. This study determined flaxseed effects on inflammation regulatory gene expressions and their relationships with weight gain in an obese animal model. C57BL/6J mice were fed with whole flaxseed, defatted flaxseed, or flaxseed oil supplemented high-fat diet for eight weeks. After eight weeks of dietary treatment, NF-κB, IκBα, IKKβ, IL-6, TNF-α, Akt2, and adiponectin gene expressions were measured. The result shows how health-promoting compounds in flaxseed assist in alleviating and preventing obesity-induced low-grade inflammation by actively working against IKKβ/NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Mann
- Department of Public Health, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - Yeong Rhee
- Department of Health, Nutrition, and Exercise Sciences, North Dakota State University, P.O. Box 6050, Fargo, ND, 58108-6050, USA.
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16
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Srivastava A, Palaia T, Hall C, Stevenson M, Lee J, Ragolia L. Lipocalin-type Prostaglandin D2 Synthase appears to function as a Novel Adipokine Preventing Adipose Dysfunction in response to a High Fat Diet. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2021; 157:106585. [PMID: 34371198 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2021.106585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Adipose dysfunction is the primary defect in obesity that contributes to the development of dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and some cancers. Previously, we demonstrated the development of NAFLD in lipocalin-type prostaglandin D2 synthase (L-PGDS) knockout mice regardless of diet. In the present study, we examined the role of L-PGDS in adipose in response to a high fat diet. We observed decreased expression of L-PGDS in adipose tissue and concomitant lower plasma levels in a dietary model of obesity as well as in insulin resistant 3T3-L1 adipocytes. We show reduced adiponectin expression and phosphorylation of AMPK in white adipose tissue of L-PGDS KO mice after 14 weeks on a high fat diet as compared to control C57BL/6 mice. We also observe an increased fat content in L-PGDS KO mice as demonstrated by adipocyte hypertrophy and increased expression of lipogenenic genes. We confirmed our in vivo findings in in vitro 3T3-L1 adipocytes, using an enzymatic inhibitor of L-PGDS (AT56). Rosiglitazone treatment drastically increased L-PGDS expression in insulin resistant 3T3-L1 adipocytes and increased adiponectin expression and AMPK phosphorylation in AT56 treated 3T3-L1 adipocytes. We conclude that the absence of L-PGDS has a deleterious effect on adipose tissue functioning, which further reduces insulin sensitivity in adipose tissue. Consequently, we propose L-PGDS appears to function as a potential member of the adipokine secretome involved in the regulation of the obesity-associated metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Srivastava
- Department of Biomedical research, NYU Langone Hospital, Long Island, United States
| | - Thomas Palaia
- Department of Biomedical research, NYU Langone Hospital, Long Island, United States; Department of Foundations of Medicine, NYU Long Island School of Medicine, 101 Mineola Blvd. Suite 4-003, Mineola, NY, 11501, United States
| | - Christopher Hall
- Department of Biomedical research, NYU Langone Hospital, Long Island, United States
| | - Matthew Stevenson
- Department of Biomedical research, NYU Langone Hospital, Long Island, United States
| | - Jenny Lee
- Department of Biomedical research, NYU Langone Hospital, Long Island, United States
| | - Louis Ragolia
- Department of Biomedical research, NYU Langone Hospital, Long Island, United States; Department of Foundations of Medicine, NYU Long Island School of Medicine, 101 Mineola Blvd. Suite 4-003, Mineola, NY, 11501, United States.
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17
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Malhab LJB, Saber-Ayad MM, Al-Hakm R, Nair VA, Paliogiannis P, Pintus G, Abdel-Rahman WM. Chronic Inflammation and Cancer: The Role of Endothelial Dysfunction and Vascular Inflammation. Curr Pharm Des 2021; 27:2156-2169. [PMID: 33655853 DOI: 10.2174/1381612827666210303143442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Long-lasting subclinical inflammation is associated with a wide range of human diseases, particularly at a middle and older age. Recent reports showed that there is a direct causal link between inflammation and cancer development, as several cancers were found to be associated with chronic inflammatory conditions. In patients with cancer, healthy endothelial cells regulate vascular homeostasis, and it is believed that they can limit tumor growth, invasiveness, and metastasis. Conversely, dysfunctional endothelial cells that have been exposed to the inflammatory tumor microenvironment can support cancer progression and metastasis. Dysfunctional endothelial cells can exert these effects via diverse mechanisms, including dysregulated adhesion, permeability, and activation of NF-κB and STAT3 signaling. In this review, we highlight the role of vascular inflammation in predisposition to cancer within the context of two common disease risk factors: obesity and smoking. In addition, we discuss the molecular triggers, pathophysiological mechanisms, and the biological consequences of vascular inflammation during cancer development and metastasis. Finally, we summarize the current therapies and pharmacological agents that target vascular inflammation and endothelial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara J Bou Malhab
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Maha M Saber-Ayad
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ranyah Al-Hakm
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Vidhya A Nair
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Panagiotis Paliogiannis
- Department of Medical, Surgical, and Experimental Surgery, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 43,07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Pintus
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Wael M Abdel-Rahman
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
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18
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Silva-Boghossian CM, Dezonne RS. What Are the Clinical and Systemic Results of Periodontitis Treatment in Obese Individuals? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 8:48-65. [PMID: 34367878 PMCID: PMC8327900 DOI: 10.1007/s40496-021-00295-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Purpose of Review Periodontitis and obesity are characterized by a dysregulated inflammatory state. Obese individuals have a higher chance of presenting periodontitis. Clinical studies in different populations demonstrate that individuals with obesity have worse periodontal conditions. This current review aims to explore recent literature to understand what the impacts of obesity on periodontal treatment outcomes are and to learn whether periodontal treatment can improve systemic biomarkers in obese individuals. Recent Findings Short- and long-term evaluations demonstrated that non-surgical periodontal treatment could improve clinical parameters in obese individuals, represented as the reduction in mean probing depth, sites with probing depth ≥ 4 mm, and extension of bleeding on probing. However, obese individuals may have less clinical improvement when compared to normal-weight individuals with a similar periodontal profile. Additionally, periodontal treatment may contribute to a reduction in systemic levels of retinol-binding protein 4 and leptin, while promoting an increase in systemic levels of adiponectin. Summary Overall, obese individuals with periodontitis can significantly benefit from non-surgical periodontal treatment. However, clinical improvements seem to be less prominent in obese individuals with periodontitis compared to non-obese individuals with similar periodontal status. Nevertheless, periodontal treatment may impact significantly on the reduction of several biochemical biomarkers of obesity with or without weight reduction. Further investigations are needed to improve our comprehension of the mechanisms underlying those findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina M. Silva-Boghossian
- Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rua Professor Rodolpho Paulo Rocco, 325, Cidade Universitaria, Rio de Janeiro, RJ CEP 21941-617 Brazil
| | - Romulo S. Dezonne
- Postgraduate Program in Translational Biomedicine, University of Grande Rio, Duque de Caxias, RJ Brazil
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19
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Rivera-Mancilla E, Al-Hassany L, Villalón CM, MaassenVanDenBrink A. Metabolic Aspects of Migraine: Association With Obesity and Diabetes Mellitus. Front Neurol 2021; 12:686398. [PMID: 34177788 PMCID: PMC8219973 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.686398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Migraine is a disabling neurovascular disorder, characterized by moderate to severe unilateral headaches, nausea, photophobia, and/or phonophobia, with a higher prevalence in women than in men, which can drastically affect the quality of life of migraine patients. In addition, this chronic disorder is related with metabolic comorbidities associated with the patient's lifestyle, including obesity and diabetes mellitus (DM). Beyond the personal and socioeconomic impact caused by migraine, obesity and DM, it has been suggested that these metabolic disorders seem to be related to migraine since: (i) they are a risk factor for developing cardiovascular disorders or chronic diseases; (ii) they can be influenced by genetic and environmental risk factors; and (iii) while clinical and epidemiological studies suggest that obesity is a risk factor for migraine, DM (i.e., type 1 and type 2 DM) have been reported to be either a protective or a risk factor in migraine. On this basis, and given the high worldwide prevalence of migraine, obesity, and DM, this article provides a narrative review of the current literature related to the association between the etiology and pathophysiology of migraine and these metabolic disorders, considering lifestyle aspects, as well as the possible involvement of neurotransmitters, neuropeptides, and/or sex hormones. While a link between migraine and metabolic disorders has been suggested, many studies are contradictory and the mechanisms involved in this association are not yet sufficiently established. Therefore, further research should be focused on understanding the possible mechanisms involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Rivera-Mancilla
- Division of Vascular Medicine and Pharmacology, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Linda Al-Hassany
- Division of Vascular Medicine and Pharmacology, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Antoinette MaassenVanDenBrink
- Division of Vascular Medicine and Pharmacology, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
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20
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Polycystic Ovary Syndrome in Insulin-Resistant Adolescents with Obesity: The Role of Nutrition Therapy and Food Supplements as a Strategy to Protect Fertility. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13061848. [PMID: 34071499 PMCID: PMC8228678 DOI: 10.3390/nu13061848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder in young reproductive-aged women. PCOS is often associated with obesity and impairs reproductive health. Even though several theories have been proposed to explain the pathogenic mechanism of PCOS, the role of insulin resistance (IR) as a key etiological component, independently of (but amplified by) obesity, is well recognized. The consequent hyperinsulinemia activates excessive ovarian androgen production, leading to PCOS. Additionally, the state of chronic inflammation related to obesity impacts ovarian physiology due to insulin sensitivity impairment. The first-line treatment for adolescents with obesity and PCOS includes lifestyle changes; personalized dietary interventions; and, when needed, weight loss. Medical nutrition therapy (MNT) and the use of specific food supplements in these patients aim at improving symptoms and signs, including insulin resistance and metabolic and reproductive functions. The purpose of this narrative review is to present and discuss PCOS in adolescents with obesity, its relationship with IR and the role of MNT and food supplements in treatment. Appropriate early dietary intervention for the management of adolescents with obesity and PCOS should be considered as the recommended approach to restore ovulation and to protect fertility.
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21
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Isgin-Atici K, Alsulami S, Turan-Demirci B, Surendran S, Sendur SN, Lay I, Karabulut E, Ellahi B, Lovegrove JA, Alikasifoglu M, Erbas T, Vimaleswaran KS, Buyuktuncer Z. FTO gene-lifestyle interactions on serum adiponectin concentrations and central obesity in a Turkish population. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2021; 72:375-385. [PMID: 32746650 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2020.1802580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to investigate whether lifestyle factors modify the association between fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) gene single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and obesity in a Turkish population. The study included 400 unrelated individuals, aged 24-50 years recruited in a hospital setting. Dietary intake and physical activity were assessed using 24-hour dietary recall and self-report questionnaire, respectively. A genetic risk score (GRS) was developed using FTO SNPs, rs9939609 and rs10163409. Body mass index and fat mass index were significantly associated with FTO SNP rs9939609 (p = 0.001 and p = 0.002, respectively) and GRS (p = 0.002 and p = 0.003, respectively). The interactions between SNP rs9939609 and physical activity on adiponectin concentrations, and SNP rs10163409 and dietary protein intake on increased waist circumference were statistically significant (Pinteraction = 0.027 and Pinteraction = 0.044, respectively). Our study has demonstrated that the association between FTO SNPs and central obesity might be modified by lifestyle factors in this Turkish population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kubra Isgin-Atici
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sooad Alsulami
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, UK
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Busra Turan-Demirci
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Shelini Surendran
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, UK
| | - Suleyman Nahit Sendur
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Incilay Lay
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
- Clinical Pathology Laboratory, Hacettepe University Hospitals, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Erdem Karabulut
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
- Department of Bioinformatics, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Basma Ellahi
- Faculty of Health and Social Care, University of Chester, Chester, UK
| | - Julie A Lovegrove
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, UK
| | - Mehmet Alikasifoglu
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Hacettepe University Ankara, Turkey
- Genetics Diagnostic Centre, DAMAGEN, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Tomris Erbas
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Zehra Buyuktuncer
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
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Rehman A, Pacher P, Haskó G. Role of Macrophages in the Endocrine System. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2021; 32:238-256. [PMID: 33455863 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2020.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages are cells of the innate immune system that play myriad roles in the body. Macrophages are known to reside in endocrine glands, and a body of evidence now suggests that these cells interact closely with endocrine cells. Immune-endocrine interactions are important in the development of endocrine glands and their functioning during physiological states, and also become key players in pathophysiological states. Through gene expression profiling, diverse subpopulations of tissue macrophages have been discovered within endocrine organs; this has important implications for disease pathogenesis and potential pharmacotherapy. The molecular basis for the crosstalk between macrophages and endocrine cells is being unraveled, and allows the identification of multiple points for pharmacologic intervention. Macrophages in adipose tissue and pancreatic islets are key players in the process of metaflammation (metabolic inflammation) that underlies the development of insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, diabetes mellitus, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. In the ovary, they play important roles in ovarian folliculogenesis and ovulation, whereas in the male reproductive tract they regulate spermatogenesis through the regulation of steroidogenesis by Leydig cells. We summarize the diverse roles played by macrophages in the endocrine system and identify potential targets for pharmacotherapy in endocrine disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Rehman
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Pál Pacher
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Tissue Injury, National Institutes of Health (NIH), National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - György Haskó
- Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
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Saxton SN, Toms LK, Aldous RG, Withers SB, Ohanian J, Heagerty AM. Restoring Perivascular Adipose Tissue Function in Obesity Using Exercise. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2021; 35:1291-1304. [PMID: 33687595 PMCID: PMC8578065 DOI: 10.1007/s10557-020-07136-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) exerts an anti-contractile effect which is vital in regulating vascular tone. This effect is mediated via sympathetic nervous stimulation of PVAT by a mechanism which involves noradrenaline uptake through organic cation transporter 3 (OCT3) and β3-adrenoceptor-mediated adiponectin release. In obesity, autonomic dysfunction occurs, which may result in a loss of PVAT function and subsequent vascular disease. Accordingly, we have investigated abnormalities in obese PVAT, and the potential for exercise in restoring function. Methods Vascular contractility to electrical field stimulation (EFS) was assessed ex vivo in the presence of pharmacological tools in ±PVAT vessels from obese and exercised obese mice. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect changes in expression of β3-adrenoceptors, OCT3 and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNFα) in PVAT. Results High fat feeding induced hypertension, hyperglycaemia, and hyperinsulinaemia, which was reversed using exercise, independent of weight loss. Obesity induced a loss of the PVAT anti-contractile effect, which could not be restored via β3-adrenoceptor activation. Moreover, adiponectin no longer exerts vasodilation. Additionally, exercise reversed PVAT dysfunction in obesity by reducing inflammation of PVAT and increasing β3-adrenoceptor and OCT3 expression, which were downregulated in obesity. Furthermore, the vasodilator effects of adiponectin were restored. Conclusion Loss of neutrally mediated PVAT anti-contractile function in obesity will contribute to the development of hypertension and type II diabetes. Exercise training will restore function and treat the vascular complications of obesity. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10557-020-07136-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie N Saxton
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- The Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology & Inflammation, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Lauren K Toms
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | | | - Sarah B Withers
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- The Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology & Inflammation, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- School of Science, Engineering and Environment, University of Salford, Salford, UK
| | - Jacqueline Ohanian
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Anthony M Heagerty
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
- The Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology & Inflammation, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Core Technology Facility (3rd floor), 46 Grafton Street, Manchester, M13 9NT, UK.
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24
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Giardullo L, Corrado A, Maruotti N, Cici D, Mansueto N, Cantatore FP. Adipokine role in physiopathology of inflammatory and degenerative musculoskeletal diseases. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2021; 35:20587384211015034. [PMID: 33983056 PMCID: PMC8127732 DOI: 10.1177/20587384211015034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We performed a systematic literature review to summarize the underlying pathogenic mechanisms by which adipokines influence rheumatological diseases and the resulting clinical manifestations. Increasing evidence display that numerous adipokines may significantly influence the development or clinical course of various rheumatological diseases. Despite the normal anti- or pro-inflammatory role of the cytokines, the serum level varies enormously in various rheumatological diseases. The expression of high levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as leptin or visfatin, respectively in systemic lupus erythematosus and in rheumatoid arthritis, represents a negative prognostic factor; other adipokines such as adiponectin, broadly known for their anti-inflammatory effects, showed a correlation with disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis. In the near future pro-inflammatory cytokines may represent a potential therapeutic target to restrain the severity of rheumatological diseases. Further studies on adipokines may provide important information on the pathogenesis of these diseases, which are not yet fully understood. The mechanisms by which adipokines induce, worsen, or suppress inflammatory and degenerative musculoskeletal pathologies and their clinical significance will be discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liberato Giardullo
- Rheumatology Clinic “Mario Carrozzo”, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, “Policlinico Riuniti” University Hospital, Foggia, Italy
| | - Addolorata Corrado
- Rheumatology Clinic “Mario Carrozzo”, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, “Policlinico Riuniti” University Hospital, Foggia, Italy
| | - Nicola Maruotti
- Rheumatology Clinic “Mario Carrozzo”, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, “Policlinico Riuniti” University Hospital, Foggia, Italy
| | - Daniela Cici
- Rheumatology Clinic “Mario Carrozzo”, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, “Policlinico Riuniti” University Hospital, Foggia, Italy
| | - Natalia Mansueto
- Rheumatology Clinic “Mario Carrozzo”, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, “Policlinico Riuniti” University Hospital, Foggia, Italy
| | - Francesco Paolo Cantatore
- Rheumatology Clinic “Mario Carrozzo”, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, “Policlinico Riuniti” University Hospital, Foggia, Italy
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Król E, Okulicz M, Kupsz J. The Influence of Taurine Supplementation on Serum and Tissular Fe, Zn and Cu Levels in Normal and Diet-Induced Insulin-Resistant Rats. Biol Trace Elem Res 2020; 198:592-601. [PMID: 32172503 PMCID: PMC7561555 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-020-02100-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Taurine (Tau) is a β-sulphonated amino acid postulated to improve glucose homeostasis in insulin resistance and diabetes. Changes in carbohydrate metabolism are accompanied by oxidative stress, which may disturb the mineral balance. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the effect of Tau supplementation on the levels of trace elements in rats fed either a standard (AIN-93M, 4% fat) diet or a modified high-fat diet (30% fat). For 8 weeks, male Wistar rats were fed these diets supplemented with 3% Tau. Taurine supplementation normalized increased serum insulin concentration and insulin resistance index; however, it did not improve serum CRP concentration in high-fat diet fed rats. The high-fat diet supplemented with Tau decreased the renal and splenic Zn levels, but the tissular Fe content did not change. The effect of Tau supplementation on the mineral balance to some extent depended on the fat content in the rats' diet. The high-fat diet supplemented with Tau decreased the rats' splenic Zn levels but increased their femur levels. In the group fed the standard diet, Tau reduced the rats' femur Zn level, whereas their splenic Zn level was comparable. Tau supplementation decreased the renal Cu level and serum ceruloplasmin concentration in the rats fed the standard diet, but this effect was not observed in the rats fed the high-fat diet. In conclusion, supplementary taurine failed to ameliorate disturbances in mineral homeostasis caused by high-fat diet feeding and led to tissular redistribution of Zn and Cu in the rat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewelina Król
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Poznań University of Life Sciences, ul Wojska Polskiego 31, 60-624, Poznan, Poland.
| | - Monika Okulicz
- Department of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Poznań University of Life Sciences, ul Wołyńska, Poznan, Poland
| | - Justyna Kupsz
- Department of Physiology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, ul, ul Święcickiego 6, 61-781, Poznan, Poland
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Berezin AE, Berezin AA, Lichtenauer M. Emerging Role of Adipocyte Dysfunction in Inducing Heart Failure Among Obese Patients With Prediabetes and Known Diabetes Mellitus. Front Cardiovasc Med 2020; 7:583175. [PMID: 33240938 PMCID: PMC7667132 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2020.583175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue dysfunction is a predictor for cardiovascular (CV) events and heart failure (HF) in patient population with obesity, metabolic syndrome, and known type 2 diabetes mellitus. Previous preclinical and clinical studies have yielded controversial findings regarding the role of accumulation of adipose tissue various types in CV risk and HF-related clinical outcomes in obese patients. There is evidence for direct impact of infiltration of epicardial adipocytes into the underlying myocardium to induce adverse cardiac remodeling and mediate HF development and atrial fibrillation. Additionally, perivascular adipocytes accumulation is responsible for release of proinflammatory adipocytokines (adiponectin, leptin, resistin), stimulation of oxidative stress, macrophage phenotype switching, and worsening vascular reparation, which all lead to microvascular inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, atherosclerosis acceleration, and finally to increase in CV mortality. However, systemic effects of white and brown adipose tissue can be different, and adipogenesis including browning of adipose tissue and deficiency of anti-inflammatory adipocytokines (visfatin, omentin, zinc-α2-glycoprotein, glypican-4) was frequently associated with adipose triglyceride lipase augmentation, altered glucose homeostasis, resistance to insulin of skeletal muscles, increased cardiomyocyte apoptosis, lowered survival, and weak function of progenitor endothelial cells, which could significantly influence on HF development, as well as end-organ fibrosis and multiple comorbidities. The exact underlying mechanisms for these effects are not fully understood, while they are essential to help develop improved treatment strategies. The aim of the review is to summarize the evidence showing that adipocyte dysfunction may induce the onset of HF and support advance of HF through different biological mechanisms involving inflammation, pericardial, and perivascular adipose tissue accumulation, adverse and electrical cardiac remodeling, and skeletal muscle dysfunction. The unbalancing effects of natriuretic peptides, neprilysin, and components of renin–angiotensin system, as exacerbating cause of altered adipocytokine signaling on myocardium and vasculature, in obesity patients at high risk of HF are disputed. The profile of proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory adipocytokines as promising biomarker for HF risk stratification is discussed in the review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander E Berezin
- Internal Medicine Department, State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Ukraine, Zaporozhye, Ukraine
| | - Alexander A Berezin
- Internal Medicine Department, Medical Academy of Post-Graduate Education, Ministry of Health of Ukraine, Zaporozhye, Ukraine
| | - Michael Lichtenauer
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
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Valenzano A, Tartaglia N, Ambrosi A, Tafuri D, Monda M, Messina A, Sessa F, Campanozzi A, Monda V, Cibelli G, Messina G, Polito R. The Metabolic Rearrangements of Bariatric Surgery: Focus on Orexin-A and the Adiponectin System. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9103327. [PMID: 33081283 PMCID: PMC7602946 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9103327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The accumulation of adipose tissue represents one of the characteristics of obesity, increasing the risk of developing correlated obesity diseases such as cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, cancer, and immune diseases. Visceral adipose tissue accumulation leads to chronic low inflammation inducing an imbalanced adipokine secretion. Among these adipokines, Adiponectin is an important metabolic and inflammatory mediator. It is also known that adipose tissue is influenced by Orexin-A levels, a neuropeptide produced in the lateral hypothalamus. Adiponectin and Orexin-A are strongly decreased in obesity and are associated with metabolic and inflammatory pathways. The aim of this review was to investigate the involvement of the autonomic nervous system focusing on Adiponectin and Orexin-A after bariatric surgery. After bariatric surgery, Adiponectin and Orexin-A levels are strongly increased independently of weight loss showing that hormone increases are also attributable to a rearrangement of metabolic and inflammatory mediators. The restriction of food intake and malabsorption are not sufficient to clarify the clinical effects of bariatric surgery suggesting the involvement of neuro-hormonal feedback loops and also of mediators such as Adiponectin and Orexin-A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Valenzano
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71100 Foggia, Italy; (A.V.); (F.S.); (G.C.)
| | - Nicola Tartaglia
- General Surgery, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71100 Foggia, Italy; (N.T.); (A.A.)
| | - Antonio Ambrosi
- General Surgery, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71100 Foggia, Italy; (N.T.); (A.A.)
| | - Domenico Tafuri
- Department of Motor Sciences and Wellness, University of Naples “Parthenope”, 80133 Naples, Italy;
| | - Marcellino Monda
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Human Physiology and Unit of Dietetic and Sport Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy; (M.M.); (A.M.); (V.M.)
| | - Antonietta Messina
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Human Physiology and Unit of Dietetic and Sport Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy; (M.M.); (A.M.); (V.M.)
| | - Francesco Sessa
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71100 Foggia, Italy; (A.V.); (F.S.); (G.C.)
| | - Angelo Campanozzi
- Pediatrics, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71100 Foggia, Italy;
| | - Vincenzo Monda
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Human Physiology and Unit of Dietetic and Sport Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy; (M.M.); (A.M.); (V.M.)
| | - Giuseppe Cibelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71100 Foggia, Italy; (A.V.); (F.S.); (G.C.)
| | - Giovanni Messina
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71100 Foggia, Italy; (A.V.); (F.S.); (G.C.)
- Correspondence: (G.M.); (R.P.); Tel.: +39-0881588095 (G.M.)
| | - Rita Polito
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71100 Foggia, Italy; (A.V.); (F.S.); (G.C.)
- Correspondence: (G.M.); (R.P.); Tel.: +39-0881588095 (G.M.)
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28
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Mancini A, Turco AA, Tocchetti CG, Ermidis G, Cozzolino F, Campi G, Parrella P, Mercurio V, Mainolfi CG, Mannarino T, D'Antonio A, Marra M, Polito R, Russomando L, Martone D, Orrù S, Daniele A, Capaldo B, Salvatore F, Buono P. Adapted recreational football small-sided games improve cardiac capacity, body composition and muscular fitness in patients with type 2 diabetes. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2020; 60:1261-1268. [PMID: 32543167 DOI: 10.23736/s0022-4707.20.10498-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The usefulness of adapted small-sided games (SSGs) in improving cardiac function in subjects with T2DM is still debated. Here we evaluated the effects of 18 weeks indoor muscular activation training (6 weeks; IMA) followed by adapted SSGs football training (12 weeks) on cardiac function, muscular fitness, body composition and adiponectin expression in sedentary T2DM volunteers. METHODS Six T2DM patients underwent IMA protocol of 6 weeks, twice a week followed by 12 weeks SSGs (5-a-side, once a week) training. Glucose, lipid profile and serum homocysteine concentration, body composition (BC), bone mineral density (DEXA), were determined at baseline and after 18 weeks (IMA+SSGs). VO<inf>2max</inf> and muscular fitness were recorded at baseline and after IMA (6 weeks) and SSGs (12 weeks), respectively. RESULTS No significant differences were found for VO<inf>2max</inf> and muscular fitness after 6weeks of IMA. After 18 weeks (6 weeks IMA + 12 weeks SSGs) of training, significant improvements were found in the following parameters: work capacity, VO<inf>2peak</inf>, Ventilation (VE<inf>peak</inf>), breathing reserve consumption and oxygen uptake efficiency slope (P<0.05); leg fitness (P<0.05), BC (P<0.05), vertebral column T-score (P<0.01) and adiponectin (total and high-molecular-weight; P<0.05). Compared to baseline, a reduction in serum homocysteine occurred after 18 weeks of training (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS We evidenced that weekly adapted SSGs friendly football matches for 12 weeks improve cardiorespiratory capacity and the expression of independent markers associated with cardiovascular risk in T2DM patients, suggesting an overall reduced CVD-risk in these patients. These preliminary data encourage us to test the efficacy of this type of exercise in a larger population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annamaria Mancini
- Department of Human Movement Sciences and Wellbeing, Parthenope University, Naples, Italy.,CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, Scarl, Naples, Italy
| | - Anna A Turco
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Carlo G Tocchetti
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Georgios Ermidis
- Department of Human Movement Sciences and Wellbeing, Parthenope University, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesca Cozzolino
- Department of Human Movement Sciences and Wellbeing, Parthenope University, Naples, Italy
| | - Giacomo Campi
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Paolo Parrella
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Valentina Mercurio
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Ciro G Mainolfi
- Department od Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Teresa Mannarino
- Department od Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Adriana D'Antonio
- Department od Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Maurizio Marra
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Interuniversity Center for Obesity and Eating Disorders (CISRODCA), Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Rita Polito
- Department of Environmental, Biological, and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, Luigi Vanvitelli University of Campania, Caserta, Italy
| | - Luca Russomando
- Department of Human Movement Sciences and Wellbeing, Parthenope University, Naples, Italy
| | - Domenico Martone
- Department of Human Movement Sciences and Wellbeing, Parthenope University, Naples, Italy
| | - Stefania Orrù
- Department of Human Movement Sciences and Wellbeing, Parthenope University, Naples, Italy.,CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, Scarl, Naples, Italy
| | - Aurora Daniele
- Department of Environmental, Biological, and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, Luigi Vanvitelli University of Campania, Caserta, Italy
| | - Brunella Capaldo
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Pasqualina Buono
- Department of Human Movement Sciences and Wellbeing, Parthenope University, Naples, Italy - .,CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, Scarl, Naples, Italy
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Wu KKL, Cheung SWM, Cheng KKY. NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation in Adipose Tissues and Its Implications on Metabolic Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E4184. [PMID: 32545355 PMCID: PMC7312293 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21114184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue is an active endocrine and immune organ that controls systemic immunometabolism via multiple pathways. Diverse immune cell populations reside in adipose tissue, and their composition and immune responses vary with nutritional and environmental conditions. Adipose tissue dysfunction, characterized by sterile low-grade chronic inflammation and excessive immune cell infiltration, is a hallmark of obesity, as well as an important link to cardiometabolic diseases. Amongst the pro-inflammatory factors secreted by the dysfunctional adipose tissue, interleukin (IL)-1β, induced by the NLR family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, not only impairs peripheral insulin sensitivity, but it also interferes with the endocrine and immune functions of adipose tissue in a paracrine manner. Human studies indicated that NLRP3 activity in adipose tissues positively correlates with obesity and its metabolic complications, and treatment with the IL-1β antibody improves glycaemia control in type 2 diabetic patients. In mouse models, genetic or pharmacological inhibition of NLRP3 activation pathways or IL-1β prevents adipose tissue dysfunction, including inflammation, fibrosis, defective lipid handling and adipogenesis, which in turn alleviates obesity and its related metabolic disorders. In this review, we summarize both the negative and positive regulators of NLRP3 inflammasome activation, and its pathophysiological consequences on immunometabolism. We also discuss the potential therapeutic approaches to targeting adipose tissue inflammasome for the treatment of obesity and its related metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kenneth King-Yip Cheng
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China; (K.K.-L.W.); (S.W.-M.C.)
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30
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Ye P, Xi Y, Huang Z, Xu P. Linking Obesity with Colorectal Cancer: Epidemiology and Mechanistic Insights. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12061408. [PMID: 32486076 PMCID: PMC7352519 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12061408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The incidence of obesity and colorectal cancer (CRC) has risen rapidly in recent decades. More than 650 million obese and 2 billion overweight individuals are currently living in the world. CRC is the third most common cancer. Obesity is regarded as one of the key environmental risk factors for the pathogenesis of CRC. In the present review, we mainly focus on the epidemiology of obesity and CRC in the world, the United States, and China. We also summarize the molecular mechanisms linking obesity to CRC in different aspects, including nutriology, adipokines and hormones, inflammation, gut microbiota, and bile acids. The unmet medical needs for obesity-related CRC are still remarkable. Understanding the molecular basis of these associations will help develop novel therapeutic targets and approaches for the treatment of obesity-related CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Ye
- College of Clinical Medicine, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China;
| | - Yue Xi
- Center for Pharmacogenetics and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA;
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China;
| | - Zhiying Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China;
| | - Pengfei Xu
- Center for Pharmacogenetics and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-412-708-4694
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31
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Associations of Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D with Adiposity and At-Risk Lipid Profile Differ for Indigenous (Orang Asli) Male and Female Adults of Peninsular Malaysia. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17082855. [PMID: 32326217 PMCID: PMC7215365 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17082855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low vitamin D status, adiposity, and at-risk lipid profile are associated with adverse health consequences. This study aimed to assess serum 25(OH)D concentration of Indigenous (Orang Asli) adults and to determine the associations between serum 25(OH)D with adiposity and lipid profile, respectively. METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted among 555 (164 men, 391 women) Orang Asli adults aged 18-65 years of Jah Hut sub-tribe in Krau Wildlife Reserve (KWR), Peninsular Malaysia. Demographic and socio-economic information were obtained using interviewer-administered questionnaire. Participants were also assessed for serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration, adiposity indices (BMI, WC, WHtR, WHR, %BF) and lipid parameters (TC, LDL-C, HDL-C, TG). Data were analyzed using binary logistic regression via SPSS. RESULTS The prevalence of suboptimal 25(OH)D concentration was 26.3%, comprising 24.9% insufficiency (50 to <75 nmol/L) and 1.4% deficiency (<50 nmol/L). While men (14-30.5%) were associated with a more proatherogenic lipid profile than women (6.1-14.3%), more women were with central obesity (M: 19.5-46.3%; F: 34.5-49.1%) and suboptimal (<75 nmol/L) vitamin D status (M: 11.6%; F: 32.4%). While suboptimal 25(OH)D concentration was significantly associated with higher odds of at-risk LDL-C (p < 0.01) and obesity (WC, WHtR) (p < 0.05) in men, no significant association was observed for women. Nonetheless, it should be noted that there were only 19 men with suboptimal (<75 nmol/L) vitamin D status. CONCLUSIONS While suboptimal vitamin D status was relatively low in Orang Asli adults, the prevalence of obesity and undesirable serum lipids were relatively high. The sex-specific associations between vitamin D status with adiposity indices and serum lipids warrant further investigation.
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Leptin and Adiponectin Signaling Pathways Are Involved in the Antiobesity Effects of Peanut Skin Extract. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:2935315. [PMID: 31737168 PMCID: PMC6815585 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2935315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Excessive food intake and metabolic disorder promote obesity and diabetes. In China, peanut skin is used as a herbal medicine to treat hemophilia, thrombocytopenic purpura, and hepatic hemorrhage. In the present study, we demonstrated that peanut skin extract (PSE) safely reduced appetite, body weight, fat tissue, plasma TG and TC, and blood glucose level in mice with diet-induced obesity (DIO). Moreover, the leptin/leptin receptor/neuropeptide Y (NPY) and adiponectin signaling pathways involved in the antiobesity effects of PSE are confirmed through leptin and adiponectin overexpression and leptin receptor silencing in mice. PSE consisted of oligosaccharide and polyphenol in a mass ratio of 45 : 55, and both parts were important for the antiobesity function of PSE. Our results suggested that PSE can be developed as functional medical food to treat metabolic disorders and obesity.
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Saxton SN, Withers SB, Nyvad J, Mazur A, Matchkov V, Heagerty AM, Aalkjær C. Perivascular Adipose Tissue Contributes to the Modulation of Vascular Tone in vivo. J Vasc Res 2019; 56:320-332. [PMID: 31550717 DOI: 10.1159/000502689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) reduces vascular tone in isolated arteries in vitro, however there are no studies of PVAT effects on vascular tone in vivo. In vitro adipocyte β3-adrenoceptors play a role in PVAT function via secretion of the vasodilator adiponectin. OBJECTIVE We have investigated the effects of PVAT on vessel diameter in vivo, and the contributions of β3-adrenoceptors and adiponectin. METHOD In anaesthetised rats, sections of the intact mesenteric bed were visualised and the diameter of arteries was recorded. Arteries were stimulated with electrical field stimulation (EFS), noradrenaline (NA), arginine-vasopressin (AVP), and acetylcholine (Ach). RESULTS We report that in vivo, stimulation of PVAT with EFS, NA, and AVP evokes a local anti-constrictive effect on the artery, whilst PVAT exerts a pro-contractile effect on arteries subjected to Ach. The anti-constrictive effect of PVAT stimulated with EFS and NA was significantly reduced using β3-adrenoceptor inhibition, and activation of β3-adrenoceptors potentiated the anti-constrictive effect of vessels stimulated with EFS, NA, and AVP. The β3-adrenoceptor agonist had no effect on mesenteric arteries with PVAT removed. A blocking peptide for adiponectin receptor 1 polyclonal antibody reduced the PVAT anti-constrictive effect in arteries stimulated with EFS and NA, indicating that adiponectin may be the anti-constrictive factor released upon β3-adrenoceptor activation. CONCLUSIONS These results clearly demonstrate that PVAT plays a paracrine role in regulating local vascular tone in vivo, and therefore may contribute to the modulation of blood pressure. This effect is mediated via adipocyte β3-adrenoceptors, which may trigger release of the vasodilator adiponectin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie N Saxton
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah B Withers
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.,School of Environment and Life Sciences, University of Salford, Salford, United Kingdom
| | - Jakob Nyvad
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | | | - Anthony M Heagerty
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Christian Aalkjær
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark, .,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark,
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Potential Roles of Adiponectin Isoforms in Human Obesity with Delayed Wound Healing. Cells 2019; 8:cells8101134. [PMID: 31554182 PMCID: PMC6830100 DOI: 10.3390/cells8101134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Adiponectin is an adipokine with anti-insulin resistance and anti-inflammatory functions. It exists in serum predominantly in three multimeric complexes: the trimer, hexamer, and high-molecular-weight forms. Although recent studies indicate that adiponectin promotes wound healing in rodents, its role in the wound healing process in humans is unknown. This study investigated the expression levels of adiponectin in adipose tissue and serum of women who experienced either normal or delayed wound healing after abdominal plastic surgery. We found that obese women with delayed healing had slightly lower total adiponectin levels in their adipose tissue compared with women with normal healing rates. Among the different isoforms of adiponectin, levels of the trimer forms were significantly reduced in adipose tissue, but not the serum, of obese women with delayed healing compared to women who healed normally. This study provides clinical evidence for a potential role of low-molecular-weight oligomers of adiponectin in the wound healing process as well as implications for an autocrine and/or paracrine mechanism of adiponectin action in adipose tissues.
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35
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Giussani DA. Fatty vessels shed tonnes on programmed cardiovascular risk. J Physiol 2019; 597:5317-5318. [PMID: 31531985 DOI: 10.1113/jp278732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Dino A Giussani
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EG, UK
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Wang K, Yu XH, Tang YJ, Tang YL, Liang XH. Obesity: An emerging driver of head and neck cancer. Life Sci 2019; 233:116687. [PMID: 31348948 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.116687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Obesity has become pandemic and emerged as one of the most critical global health care problems worldwide since last century. Recent studies have demonstrated that there may be a causal link between obesity and higher risks and mortality of cancers, including prostate, breast, colon, and thyroid cancers, head and neck cancer (HNC). This review focuses on the relationship between obesity and HNC, and the molecular mechanism of abnormal lipid metabolism in HNC. Elucidating the mechanism may open up new possibilities for strategies to reduce risk and mortality of HNC in an increasingly obese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Dept. of Oral And Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xiang-Hua Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Dept. of Oral And Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ya-Jie Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Hubei Provincial Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China.
| | - Ya-Ling Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Dept. of Oral Pathology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Xin-Hua Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Dept. of Oral And Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
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Hendley MA, Murphy KP, Isely C, Struckman HL, Annamalai P, Gower RM. The host response to poly(lactide-co-glycolide) scaffolds protects mice from diet induced obesity and glucose intolerance. Biomaterials 2019; 217:119281. [PMID: 31260882 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.119281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Underlying metabolic disease is poor adipose tissue function characterized by impaired glucose tolerance and low expression of health promoting adipokines. Currently, no treatments specifically target the adipose tissue and we are investigating polymer scaffolds for localized drug delivery as a therapeutic platform. In this work we implanted porous poly(lactide-co-glycolide) scaffolds into the epididymal fat of mice. Surprisingly, "empty" scaffolds decreased blood glucose levels in healthy mice as well as epididymal fat pad size. By injecting a fluorescent glucose tracer into mice, we determined that glucose uptake increases by 60% in epididymal fat pads with scaffolds; in contrast, glucose uptake was not elevated in other major metabolic organs, suggesting the enhanced glucose uptake at the scaffold implant site was responsible for decreased blood glucose levels. Histology indicated increased cellularity and tissue remodeling around the scaffold and we found increased expression of glucose transporter 1 and insulin-like growth factor 1, which are proteins involved in wound healing that can also modulate blood glucose levels through their promotion of glucose uptake. Regarding clinical translation, "empty" scaffolds decreased obesity and improved glucose tolerance in mice fed a high fat diet. These findings demonstrate increased cellular activity in the adipose tissue, such as that associated with the host response to biomaterial implant, is beneficial in mice suffering from metabolic complications of over nutrition, possibly because it mitigates the positive energy balance that leads to the obese, diabetic state. More broadly, this work reaffirms that in addition to the local host response typically investigated, biomaterial implant has systemic physiological effects and suggests that there may be implications for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Hendley
- Biomedical Engineering Program, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Kendall P Murphy
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Christopher Isely
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Heather L Struckman
- Biomedical Engineering Program, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Prakasam Annamalai
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - R Michael Gower
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA; Biomedical Engineering Program, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA.
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Jiménez-Maldonado A, Virgen-Ortiz A, Lemus M, Castro-Rodríguez E, Cerna-Cortés J, Muñiz J, Montero S, Roces E. Effects of Moderate- and High-Intensity Chronic Exercise on the Adiponectin Levels in Slow-Twitch and Fast-Twitch Muscles in Rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 55:medicina55060291. [PMID: 31248228 PMCID: PMC6632088 DOI: 10.3390/medicina55060291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Background and objectives: Adipose tissue and skeletal muscle secrete adiponectin, a hormone abundantly secreted by adipocytes, that through the adiponectin receptor, regulate glucose and lipid metabolism. Adiponectin appears to protect skeletal muscles from inflammatory damage induced by oxidative stress. It has been suggested that decreased adiponectin levels could be associated with pathologic conditions, including obesity and diabetes. Furthermore, some studies suggest that exercise could have a beneficial effect by increasing adiponectin levels, but this observation remains controversial. It is also unknown if physical exercise modifies adiponectin expression in skeletal muscles. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of chronic exercise on serum adiponectin and adiponectin expression in slow-twitch (soleus) and fast-twitch (plantaris) muscles in healthy rats. Materials and methods: Two-month-old male Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups with n = 6 in each group: control (C), moderate-intensity training (MIT), and high-intensity training (HIT). The rats were conditioned to run on a treadmill for the 8-week period. Forty-eight hours after the last session, blood samples were collected for adiponectin measurements and total RNA was isolated from plantaris and soleus muscles to measure by RT-qPCR adiponectin receptor 1 and adiponectin mRNA expression level. Results: MIT and HIT groups had reduced adiponectin protein levels in serum and the plantaris muscle, but not changes in adiponectin protein were observed in the soleus muscle. No significant differences in Adiponectin receptor 1 (AdipoR1) gene expression were observed following intense or moderate exercise in either muscle group studied. Conclusions: Our study shows that decreasing levels of circulating adiponectin is a result of physical exercise and should not be generalized as a predictive marker of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Jiménez-Maldonado
- Department of Neuroencocrinology, University Center of Biomedical Research, Colima University, Colima 28045, Mexico.
- Sport Faculty, Campus Ensenada, Baja California Autonomic University, Baja California 22890, Mexico.
| | - Adolfo Virgen-Ortiz
- Department of Neuroencocrinology, University Center of Biomedical Research, Colima University, Colima 28045, Mexico.
| | - Mónica Lemus
- Department of Neuroencocrinology, University Center of Biomedical Research, Colima University, Colima 28045, Mexico.
| | - Elena Castro-Rodríguez
- Department of Neuroencocrinology, University Center of Biomedical Research, Colima University, Colima 28045, Mexico.
| | | | - Jesús Muñiz
- Institute of Cancerology, Colima State Health Services, Colima 28060, Mexico.
| | - Sergio Montero
- Department of Neuroencocrinology, University Center of Biomedical Research, Colima University, Colima 28045, Mexico.
- Medicine Faculty, Colima University, Colima 28040 Mexico.
| | - Elena Roces
- Department of Neuroencocrinology, University Center of Biomedical Research, Colima University, Colima 28045, Mexico.
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Prospective Study of Sex-Specific Adiponectin Changes and Incident Metabolic Syndrome: The ARIRANG Study. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8050599. [PMID: 31052455 PMCID: PMC6571573 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8050599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 04/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated whether changes in adiponectin levels over time predict incident metabolic syndrome (MetS) in a population-based prospective study. In total, 1110 subjects were categorized into four groups according to their sex-specific median baseline adiponectin levels and the change in adiponectin levels at follow-up: low baseline adiponectin and decreased adiponectin during follow-up (LB&DF), low baseline adiponectin and increased adiponectin during follow-up (LB&IF), high baseline adiponectin and decreased adiponectin during follow-up (HB&DF), and high baseline adiponectin and increased adiponectin during follow-up (HB&IF). During the median 2.4-year follow-up period, 180 (16.2%) subjects developed MetS. Compared to the LB&DF group, the fully adjusted hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) for incident MS was the lowest in the HB&IF group (0.33, (0.17–0.63)), followed by the HB&DF group (0.58, (0.40–0.84)) and LB&IF group (0.63, (0.41–0.93)). This phenomenon was more prominent in men than in women. Among the individual MetS components, increased adiponectin levels during follow-up were significantly associated with lower risks of incident low high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and incident high blood pressure. This finding suggests that a change in adiponectin level, as well as the baseline adiponectin level, might have a clinical role in the development of MetS among men.
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Kim M, Jeong S, Yoo HJ, An H, Jee SH, Lee JH. Newly identified set of obesity-related genotypes and abdominal fat influence the risk of insulin resistance in a Korean population. Clin Genet 2019; 95:488-495. [DOI: 10.1111/cge.13509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Minjoo Kim
- Research Center for Silver Science, Institute of Symbiotic Life-TECH; Yonsei University; Seoul South Korea
- National Leading Research Laboratory of Clinical Nutrigenetics/Nutrigenomic, Department of Food and Nutrition; College of Human Ecology, Yonsei University; Seoul South Korea
| | - Sarang Jeong
- National Leading Research Laboratory of Clinical Nutrigenetics/Nutrigenomic, Department of Food and Nutrition; College of Human Ecology, Yonsei University; Seoul South Korea
| | - Hye Jin Yoo
- Research Center for Silver Science, Institute of Symbiotic Life-TECH; Yonsei University; Seoul South Korea
- National Leading Research Laboratory of Clinical Nutrigenetics/Nutrigenomic, Department of Food and Nutrition; College of Human Ecology, Yonsei University; Seoul South Korea
| | - Hyoeun An
- National Leading Research Laboratory of Clinical Nutrigenetics/Nutrigenomic, Department of Food and Nutrition; College of Human Ecology, Yonsei University; Seoul South Korea
| | - Sun Ha Jee
- Institute for Health Promotion, Graduate School of Public Health; Yonsei University; Seoul South Korea
| | - Jong Ho Lee
- Research Center for Silver Science, Institute of Symbiotic Life-TECH; Yonsei University; Seoul South Korea
- National Leading Research Laboratory of Clinical Nutrigenetics/Nutrigenomic, Department of Food and Nutrition; College of Human Ecology, Yonsei University; Seoul South Korea
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Adiponectin modulates ventral tegmental area dopamine neuron activity and anxiety-related behavior through AdipoR1. Mol Psychiatry 2019; 24:126-144. [PMID: 29988086 PMCID: PMC6325675 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-018-0102-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Revised: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Adiponectin, a metabolic hormone secreted by adipocytes, can cross the blood-brain barrier to act on neurons in different brain regions, including those involved in stress-related disorders. Here we show that dopamine neurons in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) express adiponectin receptor 1 (AdipoR1). Intra-VTA infusion of adiponectin or the adiponectin mimetic AdipoRon in wild-type mice decreases basal dopamine neuron population activity and firing rate and reverses the restraint stress-induced increase in dopamine neuron activity and anxiety behavior. Adiponectin haploinsufficiency leads to increased dopamine neuron firing and anxiety behavior under basal conditions. Ablation of AdipoR1 specifically from dopamine neurons enhances neuronal and anxiogenic responses to restraint stress. The effects of intra-VTA infusion of adiponectin on neuronal activity and behavior were abolished in mice lacking AdipoR1 in dopamine neurons. These observations indicate that adiponectin can directly modulate VTA dopamine neuron activity and anxiety behavior, and that AdipoR1 is required for adiponectin-induced inhibition of dopamine neurons and anxiolytic effects. These results strengthen the idea of adiponectin as a key biological factor that links metabolic syndrome and emotional disorders.
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Di Sebastiano KM, Pinthus JH, Duivenvoorden WCM, Mourtzakis M. Glucose impairments and insulin resistance in prostate cancer: the role of obesity, nutrition and exercise. Obes Rev 2018; 19:1008-1016. [PMID: 29573216 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Revised: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hyperinsulinemia, obesity and related metabolic diseases are associated with prostate cancer development. Prostate cancer patients undergoing androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) are at increased risk for metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular disease and diabetes, while pre-existing metabolic conditions may be exacerbated. PURPOSE An integrative approach is used to describe the interactions between insulin, glucose metabolism, obesity and prostate cancer. The potential role of nutrition and exercise will also be examined. FINDINGS Hyperinsulinemia is associated with prostate cancer development, progression and aggressiveness. Prostate cancer patients who undergo ADT are at risk of diabetes in survivorship. It is unclear whether this is a direct result of treatment or related to pre-existing metabolic features (e.g. hyperinsulinemia and obesity). Obesity and metabolic syndrome are also associated with prostate cancer development and poorer outcomes for cancer survivors, which may be driven by hyperinsulinemia, pro-inflammation, hyperleptinemia and/or hypoadiponectinemia. CONCLUSIONS Independently evaluating changes in glucose metabolism near the time of prostate cancer diagnosis and during long-term ADT treatment is important to distinguish their unique contributions to the development of metabolic disturbances. Integrative approaches, including metabolic, clinical and body composition measures, are needed to understand the role of adiposity and insulin resistance in prostate cancer and to develop effective nutrition and exercise interventions to improve secondary diseases in survivorship.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Di Sebastiano
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - J H Pinthus
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - W C M Duivenvoorden
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - M Mourtzakis
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
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Matsuzawa T, Yoshikawa T, Iida T, Kárpáti A, Kitano H, Harada R, Nakamura T, Sugawara A, Yamaguchi Y, Yanai K. Heparan sulfate in pancreatic β-cells contributes to normal glucose homeostasis by regulating insulin secretion. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 499:688-695. [PMID: 29605295 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.03.213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Heparan sulfate (HS), a linear polysaccharide, is involved in diverse biological functions of various tissues. HS is expressed in pancreatic β-cells and may be involved in β-cell functions. However, the importance of HS for β-cell function remains unknown. Here, we generated mice with β-cell-specific deletion of Ext1 (βExt1CKO), which encodes an enzyme essential for HS synthesis, to investigate the detailed roles of HS in β-cell function. βExt1CKO mice decreased body weights compared with control mice, despite increased food intake. Additionally, βExt1CKO mice showed impaired glucose tolerance associated with decreased insulin secretion upon glucose challenge. Glucose-induced insulin secretion (GIIS) from isolated βExt1CKO islets was also significantly reduced, highlighting the contribution of HS to insulin secretion and glucose homeostasis. The gene expression essential for GIIS was decreased in βExt1CKO islets. Pdx1 and MafA were downregulated in βExt1CKO islets, indicating that HS promoted β-cell development and maturation. BrdU- or Ki67-positive β-cells were reduced in βExt1CKO pancreatic sections, suggesting the involvement of HS in the proliferation of β-cells. Moreover, insufficient vascularization in βExt1CKO islets may contribute to central distribution of α-cells. These data demonstrate HS plays diverse roles in β-cells, and that loss of HS leads to insufficient insulin secretion and dysregulation of glucose homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuro Matsuzawa
- Department of Pharmacology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Takeo Yoshikawa
- Department of Pharmacology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.
| | - Tomomitsu Iida
- Department of Pharmacology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Anikó Kárpáti
- Department of Pharmacology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Haruna Kitano
- Department of Pharmacology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Ryuichi Harada
- Department of Pharmacology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tadaho Nakamura
- Department of Pharmacology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan; Division of Pharmacology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University Faculty of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Akira Sugawara
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yu Yamaguchi
- Human Genetics Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Kazuhiko Yanai
- Department of Pharmacology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
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Escobedo N, Oliver G. The Lymphatic Vasculature: Its Role in Adipose Metabolism and Obesity. Cell Metab 2017; 26:598-609. [PMID: 28844882 PMCID: PMC5629116 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2017.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Revised: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a key risk factor for metabolic and cardiovascular diseases, and although we understand the mechanisms regulating weight and energy balance, the causes of some forms of obesity remain enigmatic. Despite the well-established connections between lymphatics and lipids, and the fact that intestinal lacteals play key roles in dietary fat absorption, the function of the lymphatic vasculature in adipose metabolism has only recently been recognized. It is well established that angiogenesis is tightly associated with the outgrowth of adipose tissue, as expanding adipose tissue requires increased nutrient supply from blood vessels. Results supporting a crosstalk between lymphatic vessels and adipose tissue, and linking lymphatic function with metabolic diseases, obesity, and adipose tissue, also started to accumulate in the last years. Here we review our current knowledge of the mechanisms by which defective lymphatics contribute to obesity and fat accumulation in mouse models, as well as our understanding of the lymphatic-adipose tissue relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noelia Escobedo
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Talca, Chile
| | - Guillermo Oliver
- Center for Vascular and Developmental Biology, Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
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Rasmussen JJ, Schou M, Selmer C, Johansen ML, Gustafsson F, Frystyk J, Dela F, Faber J, Kistorp C. Insulin sensitivity in relation to fat distribution and plasma adipocytokines among abusers of anabolic androgenic steroids. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2017; 87:249-256. [PMID: 28500659 DOI: 10.1111/cen.13372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Revised: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Abuse of anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) is prevalent among young men, but information regarding effects on insulin sensitivity and fat distribution is limited. The objective was to investigate insulin sensitivity in relation to fat distribution and adipocytokines among current and former AAS abusers compared with controls. DESIGN Cross-sectional study among men involved in recreational strength training. Current and former AAS abusers (n=37 and n=33) and controls (n=30) volunteered from the community. METHODS We assessed insulin sensitivity by Matsuda index (oral glucose tolerance test). Using overnight fasting blood samples, adiponectin and leptin were measured. Body composition and fat distribution, including visceral adipose tissue (VAT), were assessed by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. RESULTS Current and former AAS abusers displayed lower Matsuda index than controls (%-difference (95%CI) from controls, -26% (-45; -1) and -39% (-55; -18)). Testosterone was markedly higher among current AAS abusers and subnormal among former AAS abusers compared with controls. Current AAS abusers displayed higher mean VAT than controls (388 (17) vs 293 (12) cm3 , P<.001) whereas body fat %, adiponectin and leptin concentrations were lower. In contrast, former AAS abusers showed highest leptin concentrations and body fat %. Multivariate linear regressions identified VAT as independent predictor of lower Matsuda index among current AAS abusers compared with controls; while body fat % independently predicted lower Matsuda index among former AAS abusers. CONCLUSIONS Both current and former AAS abusers displayed lower insulin sensitivity which could be mediated by higher VAT and total body fat %, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon Jarløv Rasmussen
- Center of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospitals, Herlev and Gentofte, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Morten Schou
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospitals, Herlev and Gentofte, Denmark
| | - Christian Selmer
- Center of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospitals, Herlev and Gentofte, Denmark
| | - Marie Louise Johansen
- Center of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospitals, Herlev and Gentofte, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Finn Gustafsson
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jan Frystyk
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Medical Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Flemming Dela
- Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Geriatrics, Copenhagen University Hospitals, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jens Faber
- Center of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospitals, Herlev and Gentofte, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Caroline Kistorp
- Center of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospitals, Herlev and Gentofte, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Zheng J, Zhao M, Li J, Lou G, Yuan Y, Bu S, Xi Y. Obesity-associated digestive cancers: A review of mechanisms and interventions. Tumour Biol 2017; 39:1010428317695020. [PMID: 28351315 DOI: 10.1177/1010428317695020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of obesity has steadily increased over the past few decades. Previous studies suggest that obesity is an oncogenic factor and that over 20% of all cancers are obesity-related. Among such cancers, digestive system malignancies (including esophageal adenocarcinomas, colorectal cancers, and cancers of the gastric cardia, liver, and pancreas) are reported most frequently. While the 5-year survival rates of cancers of the breast and prostate are 90%, that rate is only 45% for digestive cancers. In this review, the mechanisms of obesity-associated digestive cancers are discussed, with an emphasis on obesity-related gene mutations, insulin and insulin-like growth factor signaling pathways, chronic inflammation, and altered adipokine levels. Evidence that these factors often function interdependently rather than independently in carcinogenesis is presented. Recommended interventions that may reduce the burden of obesity-associated digestive cancers, such as participation in physical activity, diet modulation, and calorie restriction, are also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiachen Zheng
- Diabetes Center, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Ming Zhao
- Diabetes Center, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Jiahui Li
- Diabetes Center, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Guoying Lou
- Diabetes Center, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Yanyan Yuan
- Diabetes Center, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Shizhong Bu
- Diabetes Center, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Yang Xi
- Diabetes Center, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
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Nigro E, Scudiero O, Ludovica Monaco M, Polito R, Schettino P, Grandone A, Perrone L, Miraglia Del Giudice E, Daniele A. Adiponectin profile and Irisin expression in Italian obese children: Association with insulin-resistance. Cytokine 2017; 94:8-13. [PMID: 28385328 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2016.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Revised: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Adiponectin (Acrp30), its high molecular weight (HMW) oligomers, and Irisin are molecules involved in several metabolic processes. To investigate if these cytokines could represent new metabolic markers, we evaluated the expression of Acrp30 and Irisin in serum of obese children from South Italy affected by different degrees of insulin resistance (IR). The anthropometric and metabolic features were evaluated in 27 obese children versus 13 age-matched controls. The expression of Acrp30, its pattern and Irisin were investigated by ELISA, western blotting and fast protein liquid chromatography. The HOMA index was significantly higher in obese children versus controls, and metabolic syndrome was more prevalent in obese children with elevated IR versus those with normal HOMA (38% vs 16%). Total Acrp30 and HMW oligomers were significantly lower in obese than in control children, and the difference was more pronounced in children with HOMA >3.4. In control and obese children, total Acrp30 and HMW oligomers were inversely related to HOMA (r-0.38, p 0.02; r-0.35, p 0.03). Irisin was significantly higher in obese than in control children, and was inversely correlated with Acrp30 and HMW (r-0.32, p 0.04; r-0.39, p 0.01). The inverse correlation of Acpr30 and HMW oligomers with HOMA indicates that Acpr30 is directly involved in IR status. Moreover, the inverse correlation between Irisin and Acrp30 and, more significantly, between Irisin and HMW oligomers suggests that the two cytokines are closely connected. The use of Acrp30, HMW oligomers and Irisin as predictive factors of IR in obese children remains to be further elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ersilia Nigro
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate Scarl, Via G. Salvatore 486, 80145 Napoli, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali Biologiche Farmaceutiche, Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli, Via A. Vivaldi 42, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Olga Scudiero
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate Scarl, Via G. Salvatore 486, 80145 Napoli, Italy; Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | | | - Rita Polito
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate Scarl, Via G. Salvatore 486, 80145 Napoli, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali Biologiche Farmaceutiche, Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli, Via A. Vivaldi 42, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Pietro Schettino
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Anna Grandone
- Dipartimento della Donna del Bambino e di Chirurgia Generale e Specialistica, Università della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via L. De Crecchio 4, 80138 Napoli, Italy
| | - Laura Perrone
- Dipartimento della Donna del Bambino e di Chirurgia Generale e Specialistica, Università della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via L. De Crecchio 4, 80138 Napoli, Italy
| | - Emanuele Miraglia Del Giudice
- Dipartimento della Donna del Bambino e di Chirurgia Generale e Specialistica, Università della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via L. De Crecchio 4, 80138 Napoli, Italy
| | - Aurora Daniele
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate Scarl, Via G. Salvatore 486, 80145 Napoli, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali Biologiche Farmaceutiche, Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli, Via A. Vivaldi 42, 81100 Caserta, Italy.
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48
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Lacedonia D, Nigro E, Matera MG, Scudiero O, Monaco ML, Polito R, Carpagnano GE, Foschino Barbaro MP, Mazzarella G, Bianco A, Daniele A. Evaluation of adiponectin profile in Italian patients affected by obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2016; 40:104-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2016.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2016] [Revised: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Hjuler ST, Gydesen S, Andreassen KV, Pedersen SLK, Hellgren LI, Karsdal MA, Henriksen K. The dual amylin- and calcitonin-receptor agonist KBP-042 increases insulin sensitivity and induces weight loss in rats with obesity. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2016; 24:1712-22. [PMID: 27296301 DOI: 10.1002/oby.21563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Revised: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In this study, KBP-042, a dual amylin- and calcitonin-receptor agonist, was investigated as a treatment of obesity and insulin resistance in five different doses (0.625 µg/kg-10 µg/kg) compared with saline-treated and pair-fed controls. METHODS Rats with obesity received daily s.c. administrations for 56 days, and glucose tolerance was assessed after one acute injection, 3 weeks of treatment, and again after 7 weeks of treatment. To assess the effect on insulin sensitivity, rats received 5 µg/kg KBP-042 for 21 days before hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp. RESULTS KBP-042 induced a sustained weight loss of up to 20% without any significant weight reduction in the pair-fed groups. Decreases in adipose tissues and lipid deposition in the liver were observed, while plasma adiponectin was increased and plasma leptin levels were decreased. Acute administration of KBP-042 led to impaired glucose tolerance and increased plasma lactate, while this diabetogenic effect was reversed by chronic treatment. Finally, assessment of insulin sensitivity using the hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp showed that KBP-042 increased the glucose infusion rate. CONCLUSIONS The study indicates that KBP-042 combines two highly relevant features, namely weight loss and insulin sensitivity, and is thus an excellent candidate for chronic treatment of obesity and insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Lars I Hellgren
- Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, Denmark
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50
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Nigro E, Sangiorgio D, Scudiero O, Monaco ML, Polito R, Villone G, Daniele A. Gene molecular analysis and Adiponectin expression in professional Water Polo players. Cytokine 2016; 81:88-93. [PMID: 26970705 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2016.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Revised: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic Syndrome prevalence has reaching epidemic proportions worldwide. Adiponectin (Acrp30), and in particular its High Molecular Weight (HMW) oligomers, contributes to enhance insulin sensitivity and to reduce inflammation levels. Physical exercise improves body's biochemical balance and metabolism resulting effective in prevention of metabolic diseases. Whether improvement of metabolic features mediated by physical exercise is associated with changes in Acrp30 serum composition is not yet clarified. In the present study, we investigated total Acrp30 expression, its oligomeric status and genetic variants in adiponectin gene (ACDC) in twenty-two professional Water Polo (WP) Players and 40 age- and sex-matched controls. Anthropometric, metabolic parameters and total Acrp30 were assessed; Acrp30 oligomeric profile was characterized by Western blot as well as by FPLC analysis. ACDC gene was analyzed by direct-sequencing analysis. Significant elevated body mass index, aspartate aminotransferase and lactate dehydrogenase levels and, conversely, significantly lower concentrations of total and cholesterol low density lipoprotein were present in WP players. No significant difference was found in total Acrp30 and/or HMW oligomers. Interestingly, in WP players, a direct relationship between total Acrp30 and monocytes as well as an inverse relationship between total Acrp30 and AST levels were found. ACDC screening revealed previously described SNPs. In conclusion, our study confirms the long-term beneficial effects of high physical training on metabolism and suggests that they are not associated with Acrp30 and/or HMW oligomers changes. Moreover, the correlation of Acrp30 with monocytes in WP athletes could represent a mechanism by which Acrp30 participates in exercise-induced anti-inflammatory functions and/or cardiovascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ersilia Nigro
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate Scarl, Via G. Salvatore 486, 80145 Napoli, Italy
| | | | - Olga Scudiero
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate Scarl, Via G. Salvatore 486, 80145 Napoli, Italy; Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | | | - Rita Polito
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate Scarl, Via G. Salvatore 486, 80145 Napoli, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali Biologiche Farmaceutiche, Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli, Via G. Vivaldi 42, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Giovanni Villone
- Dipartimento di Medicina e di Scienze della Salute "Vincenzo Tiberio" Università degli Studi del Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Aurora Daniele
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali Biologiche Farmaceutiche, Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli, Via G. Vivaldi 42, 81100 Caserta, Italy.
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