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Almalki S, Tamur S, Alzahrani A, Aljaid MS, Shams A, Alayli M, Alrabie A, Khayat AM. Mothers' Awareness of Obesity and Its Complications Among Children in the Western Region of Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study. Cureus 2024; 16:e57505. [PMID: 38577168 PMCID: PMC10993094 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.57505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Awareness about obesity, its complications, and an age-appropriate, healthy, active lifestyle are essential to maintaining a healthy life. This study aimed to determine the level of awareness Saudi Arabian caregivers have regarding obesity and regular physical activity. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this cross-sectional study, a survey was conducted among parents in Saudi Arabia using a structured questionnaire. A convenience and snowball sampling method was employed to recruit participants from various regions of Saudi Arabia. The questionnaire assessed parents' knowledge about obesity, its complications, and healthy, active lifestyle practices. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, and associations between variables were examined using chi-squared tests. RESULTS In this study, responses from 256 moms in various Saudi Arabian locations were included in the analysis. Merely 35.5% of the participants demonstrated good knowledge about obesity and its complications. Regarding the promotion of a healthy, active lifestyle, only 11.3% of the participants were aware that kids should eat five types of vegetables and fruits daily, whereas 85% were aware that kids should have <2 hours a day of screen time, and 75.4% were aware that kids should be engaged in physical activity for at least one hour daily. CONCLUSION This study highlights a concerning gap in knowledge among caregivers in Saudi Arabia concerning obesity and its consequences, with merely 35.5% of participants demonstrating a good understanding of obesity and its complications. Alarmingly, only a fraction (11.3%) showed awareness of the importance of promoting a healthy, active lifestyle. These findings underscore the urgent need for enhanced awareness initiatives focused on obesity and its prevention to ensure optimal child health development, avert health issues, and strengthen positive dynamics between parents and children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sultan Almalki
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Taif University, Taif, SAU
| | - Shadi Tamur
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Taif University, Taif, SAU
| | - Ahmad Alzahrani
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Taif University, Taif, SAU
| | - Maryam S Aljaid
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Taif University, Taif, SAU
| | - Anwar Shams
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Taif University, Taif, SAU
| | | | | | - Abdullah M Khayat
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Taif University, Taif, SAU
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Wu Z, Bao L, Wang H, Zheng J, Chen Y, Wang W, Qiu D. Association between weight-adjusted waist index and serum total testosterone in males aged 6-19 years in the United States: Data from NHANES 2013-2016. Heliyon 2024; 10:e27520. [PMID: 38496858 PMCID: PMC10944222 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to estimate the association between weight-adjusted waist index and serum total testosterone (sTT) in males aged 6-19 years in the United States. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2013-2016. sTT was considered as the response variable, and weight-adjusted waist circumference index (WWI) as the independent variable. Multiple linear regression was performed to estimate the association between the two variables, and subgroup analysis was performed to identify sensitive cohorts. Smoothing curve fitting and threshold effects analysis was carried out to assess possible nonlinear relationships between WWI and sTT. Results The study included 4207 participants. The mean value of sTT (117.93 ng/dl) was used as the grouping basis, with 1066 participants having serum total testosterone levels above the mean. A negative association was observed between WWI and sTT [beta coefficient (β) = -72.50, 95% confidence interval (CI): -79.45, -65.55], which decreased as WWI increased (P for trend<0.05). Subgroup analysis indicated a stronger negative correlation in late adolescent (16-19 years) males (β = -128.94, 95% CI: -146.75, -111.13). The smoothing curve fit analysis revealed a U-shaped curve relationship for the negative correlation between WWI and sTT. Threshold effect analysis suggested a significant change when WWI exceeded 10.09 (β = -15.82, 95% CI: -24.11, -7.54), and stepwise threshold effect analysis indicated that this negative correlation became less stable when WWI exceeded 11.45 (β = -0.80, 95% CI: -9.15, 7.56). Conclusions Participants with higher WWI exhibited lower total testosterone levels, and a negative association was found between WWI and total testosterone, particularly in late adolescent males aged 16-19 years. Among males aged 6-19 years, caution should be exercised regarding the risk of lower testosterone levels associated with elevated WWI, particularly when WWI is below 10.09.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifei Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, Beilun District People's Hospital, Ningbo City, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Lingling Bao
- Beilun District People's Hospital, Ningbo City, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Haiyan Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Beilun District People's Hospital, Ningbo City, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Jiajing Zheng
- Department of Pediatrics, Beilun District People's Hospital, Ningbo City, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Beilun District People's Hospital, Ningbo City, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Wenjuan Wang
- Beilun District People's Hospital, Ningbo City, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Dongkai Qiu
- Department of Pediatrics, Beilun District People's Hospital, Ningbo City, Zhejiang Province, PR China
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Jiménez-Morcillo J, Rodriguez-Besteiro S, Clemente-Suárez VJ. The Nexus of Training Duration, Body Image, Nutritional Practices, and Mental Health: Insights from a Strength Training Cohort. Behav Sci (Basel) 2024; 14:267. [PMID: 38667063 PMCID: PMC11047612 DOI: 10.3390/bs14040267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the intricate relationship between strength training and its effects on body image, psychological health, and nutritional habits. By examining 605 participants, divided into two groups based on training frequency, the research aimed to discern how varying intensities of training influenced different wellness facets. The investigation employed a comprehensive survey, gathering demographic data, training specifics, dietary patterns, and psychological characteristics, utilizing statistical tools for analysis. Results unveiled significant differences in dietary habits and psychological profiles between groups with higher and lower training frequencies. The group with more frequent training displayed less favourable health outcomes and suboptimal dietary habits, challenging the prevailing notion that increased training frequency leads to better health. The study emphasized the necessity of a balanced approach to physical training, highlighting the need for personalized strategies that encompass both physical and mental health considerations. The findings exposed the complexities of training regimens and their broader implications on individual health, suggesting that enhanced training frequency alone does not assure improved health outcomes. This research significantly contributed to the domain by providing insights into how the frequency of strength training could differentially affect health and well-being, offering valuable guidelines for fitness professionals and healthcare providers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Jiménez-Morcillo
- Faculty of Sports Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Tajo Street, s/n, 28670 Madrid, Spain; (J.J.-M.); (V.J.C.-S.)
| | - Stephanie Rodriguez-Besteiro
- Faculty of Sports Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Tajo Street, s/n, 28670 Madrid, Spain; (J.J.-M.); (V.J.C.-S.)
| | - Vicente Javier Clemente-Suárez
- Faculty of Sports Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Tajo Street, s/n, 28670 Madrid, Spain; (J.J.-M.); (V.J.C.-S.)
- Grupo de Investigación en Cultura, Educación y Sociedad, Universidad de la Costa, Barranquilla 080002, Colombia
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Lawton RI, Stanford FC. The Role of Racism in Childhood Obesity. Curr Obes Rep 2024; 13:98-106. [PMID: 38172479 PMCID: PMC10939728 DOI: 10.1007/s13679-023-00538-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Obesity rates continue to rise among children and have shown persistent racial disparities. Racism plays a potentially essential and actionable role in these disparities. This report reviews some mechanisms through which racism may shape childhood obesity. RECENT FINDINGS From the youngest ages, disparities in childhood obesity prevalence are already present. Racism may shape intergenerational and prenatal factors that affect obesity and various stressors and environments where children grow up. The relationships between clinicians and patients may also be shaped by everyday racism and legacies of past racism, which may affect obesity prevalence and treatment efficacy. Comprehensive data on the extent to which racism shapes childhood obesity is limited. However, compelling evidence suggests many ways through which racism ultimately does affect childhood obesity. Interventions to address racism at multiple points where it shapes childhood obesity, including intergenerational and prenatal mechanisms, may help to close disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fatima Cody Stanford
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- MGH Weight Center, Department of Medicine-Division of Endocrinology-Neuroendocrine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Weight Center, 50 Staniford Street, 4th Floor, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics-Division of Endocrinology, Nutrition Obesity Research Center at Harvard (NORCH), Weight Center, 50 Staniford Street, 4th Floor, Boston, MA, USA.
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Buller DB, Sussman AL, Thomson CA, Kepka D, Taren D, Henry KL, Warner EL, Walkosz BJ, Woodall WG, Nuss K, Blair CK, Guest DD, Borrayo EA, Gordon JS, Hatcher J, Wetter DW, Kinsey A, Jones CF, Yung AK, Christini K, Berteletti J, Torres JA, Barraza Perez EY, Small A. #4Corners4Health Social Media Cancer Prevention Campaign for Emerging Adults: Protocol for a Randomized Stepped-Wedge Trial. JMIR Res Protoc 2024; 13:e50392. [PMID: 38386396 PMCID: PMC10921336 DOI: 10.2196/50392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many emerging adults (EAs) are prone to making unhealthy choices, which increase their risk of premature cancer morbidity and mortality. In the era of social media, rigorous research on interventions to promote health behaviors for cancer risk reduction among EAs delivered over social media is limited. Cancer prevention information and recommendations may reach EAs more effectively over social media than in settings such as health care, schools, and workplaces, particularly for EAs residing in rural areas. OBJECTIVE This pragmatic randomized trial aims to evaluate a multirisk factor intervention using a social media campaign designed with community advisers aimed at decreasing cancer risk factors among EAs. The trial will target EAs from diverse backgrounds living in rural counties in the Four Corners states of Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, and Utah. METHODS We will recruit a sample of EAs (n=1000) aged 18 to 26 years residing in rural counties (Rural-Urban Continuum Codes 4 to 9) in the Four Corners states from the Qualtrics' research panel and enroll them in a randomized stepped-wedge, quasi-experimental design. The inclusion criteria include English proficiency and regular social media engagement. A social media intervention will promote guideline-related goals for increased physical activity, healthy eating, and human papillomavirus vaccination and reduced nicotine product use, alcohol intake, and solar UV radiation exposure. Campaign posts will cover digital and media literacy skills, responses to misinformation, communication with family and friends, and referral to community resources. The intervention will be delivered over 12 months in Facebook private groups and will be guided by advisory groups of community stakeholders and EAs and focus groups with EAs. The EAs will complete assessments at baseline and at 12, 26, 39, 52, and 104 weeks after randomization. Assessments will measure 6 cancer risk behaviors, theoretical mediators, and participants' engagement with the social media campaign. RESULTS The trial is in its start-up phase. It is being led by a steering committee. Team members are working in 3 subcommittees to optimize community engagement, the social media intervention, and the measures to be used. The Stakeholder Organization Advisory Board and Emerging Adult Advisory Board were formed and provided initial input on the priority of cancer risk factors to target, social media use by EAs, and community resources available. A framework for the social media campaign with topics, format, and theoretical mediators has been created, along with protocols for campaign management. CONCLUSIONS Social media can be used as a platform to counter misinformation and improve reliable health information to promote health behaviors that reduce cancer risks among EAs. Because of the popularity of web-based information sources among EAs, an innovative, multirisk factor intervention using a social media campaign has the potential to reduce their cancer risk behaviors. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05618158; https://classic.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05618158. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) PRR1-10.2196/50392.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrew L Sussman
- University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Care Center, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Cynthia A Thomson
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Mel & Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Deanna Kepka
- College of Nursing and Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Douglas Taren
- Section of Nutrition, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Kimberly L Henry
- Department of Psychology, College of Natural Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Echo L Warner
- College of Nursing and Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | | | | | - Kayla Nuss
- Klein Buendel, Golden, CO, United States
| | - Cindy K Blair
- University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Care Center, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Dolores D Guest
- University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Care Center, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Evelinn A Borrayo
- University of Colorado Cancer Center, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Judith S Gordon
- College of Nursing, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | | | - David W Wetter
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | | | - Christopher F Jones
- University of Colorado Cancer Center, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Angela K Yung
- College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Kaila Christini
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | | | - John A Torres
- University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Care Center, Albuquerque, NM, United States
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Pourebrahim F, Omidvar N, Rezazadeh A, Eini-Zinab H, Shirani P, Ghodsi D. Food security and its association with socioeconomic status and dietary diversity in free living older people in Tehran, Iran. BMC Geriatr 2024; 24:128. [PMID: 38308219 PMCID: PMC10836019 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-024-04705-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Food security is a function of food access and dietary diversity. Older age is a period when adequate and diverse dietary intake is a challenge. This study aimed to investigate the association between food security on the one hand and dietary diversity and socioeconomic factors on the other hand among the free-living older people in the city of Tehran. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, 583 older people, aged 60-80 years living in Tehran city, were selected through the systematic cluster sampling method. Food security was determined by the United States Household Food Security Survey Module (US-HFSSM (.Socioeconomic status (SES) and two 24-h recalls were obtained. Dietary Diversity Score (DDS) was calculated using the FAO 2010 guideline. Multinomial logistic regression was applied. RESULTS The average age of participants was 67.87 ± 5.86 years. Based on US-HFSSM, 56.9% of older people were food secure; while 25.7%, 14.2% and 3.2% suffered from food insecurity (FI) without hunger, with moderate hunger, and with severe hunger, respectively. There was no association between FI and DDS, even after controlling for confounders. FI with mild hunger was associated with household income (OR = 2.744, 95% CI = 1.100-6.846), while FI with severe hunger was associated with Fars ethnicity (OR = 0.146, 95% CI = 0.051-0.424). CONCLUSIONS Overall, socio-economic status and demographic characteristics were the predictors of FI among older people. The findings can have implication in design and targeting of interventions directed at older people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Pourebrahim
- Department of Community Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, No 46, Hafezi Street, Farahzadi Boulevard, Sharak Ghods, P.O. Box: 1981619573, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nasrin Omidvar
- Department of Community Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, No 46, Hafezi Street, Farahzadi Boulevard, Sharak Ghods, P.O. Box: 1981619573, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Arezoo Rezazadeh
- Department of Community Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, No 46, Hafezi Street, Farahzadi Boulevard, Sharak Ghods, P.O. Box: 1981619573, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hassan Eini-Zinab
- Department of Community Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, No 46, Hafezi Street, Farahzadi Boulevard, Sharak Ghods, P.O. Box: 1981619573, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pedram Shirani
- Department of Community Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, No 46, Hafezi Street, Farahzadi Boulevard, Sharak Ghods, P.O. Box: 1981619573, Tehran, Iran
| | - Delaram Ghodsi
- Department of Nutrition Research, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Argov-Argaman N, Altman H, Janssen JN, Daeem S, Raz C, Mesilati-Stahy R, Penn S, Monsonego-Ornan E. Effect of milk fat globules on growth and metabolism in rats fed an unbalanced diet. Front Nutr 2024; 10:1270171. [PMID: 38274212 PMCID: PMC10808575 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1270171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
We assessed the effects of supplementing milk fat globules (MFG) on the growth and development of the skeleton in rats fed a Western unbalanced diet (UBD). The UBD is high in sugar and fat, low in protein, fiber, and micronutrients, and negatively impacts health. The MFG-a complex lipid-protein assembly secreted into milk-has a unique structure and composition, which differs significantly from isolated and processed dietary ingredients. Rats consuming the UBD exhibited growth retardation and disrupted bone structural and mechanical parameters; these were improved by supplementation with small MFG. The addition of small MFG increased the efficiency of protein utilization for growth, and improved trabecular and cortical bone parameters. Furthermore, consumption of UBD led to a decreased concentration of saturated fatty acids and increased levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), particularly omega-6 PUFA, in the serum, liver, and adipose tissue. The addition of small MFG restored PUFA concentration and the ratio of omega-6 to omega-3 PUFA in bone marrow and adipose tissue. Finally, large but not small MFG supplementation affected the cecal microbiome in rats. Overall, our results suggest that natural structure MFG supplementation can improve metabolism and bone development in rats fed an UBD, with the effects depending on MFG size. Moreover, the benefits of small MFG to bone development and metabolism were not mediated by the microbiome, as the detrimental effects of an UBD on the microbiome were not mitigated by MFG supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurit Argov-Argaman
- Department of Animal Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Hodaya Altman
- School of Nutrition Science, Institute of Biochemistry, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | | | - Seman Daeem
- Department of Animal Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Chen Raz
- Department of Animal Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ronit Mesilati-Stahy
- School of Nutrition Science, Institute of Biochemistry, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Svetlana Penn
- School of Nutrition Science, Institute of Biochemistry, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Efrat Monsonego-Ornan
- School of Nutrition Science, Institute of Biochemistry, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
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Leung AKC, Wong AHC, Hon KL. Childhood Obesity: An Updated Review. Curr Pediatr Rev 2024; 20:2-26. [PMID: 35927921 DOI: 10.2174/1573396318666220801093225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood obesity is an important and serious public health problem worldwide. OBJECTIVE This article aims to familiarize physicians with the evaluation, management, and prevention of childhood. METHODS A PubMed search was conducted in May, 2021, in Clinical Queries using the key terms "obesity" OR "obese". The search included clinical trials, randomized controlled trials, case-control studies, cohort studies, meta-analyses, observational studies, clinical guidelines, case reports, case series, and reviews. The search was restricted to English literature and children. The information retrieved from the above search was used in the compilation of the present article. RESULTS Most obese children have exogenous obesity characterized by a growth rate for height above the 50th percentile, normal intelligence, normal genitalia, and lack of historical or physical evidence of an endocrine abnormality or a congenital syndrome. Obese children are at risk for dyslipidemia, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, obstructive sleep apnea, psychosocial disturbances, impaired quality of life, and shorter life expectancy. The multitude of serious comorbidities necessitates effective treatment modalities. Dietary modification, therapeutic exercise, and behavioral modification are the fundamentals of treatment. Pharmacotherapy and/or bariatric surgery should be considered for obese individuals who do not respond to the above measures and suffer from a serious comorbid condition. CONCLUSION Childhood obesity, once established, is often refractory to treatment. Most treatment programs lead to a brief period of weight loss, followed by rapid re-accumulation of the lost weight after the termination of therapy. As such, preventive activity is the key to solving the problem of childhood obesity. Childhood obesity can be prevented by promoting a healthy diet, regular physical activity, and lifestyle modification. Parents should be encouraged to get involved in school and community programs that improve their children's nutritional status and physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander K C Leung
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Calgary, The Alberta Children's Hospital, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Alex H C Wong
- Department of Family Medicine, The University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Kam Lun Hon
- Department of Paediatrics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The Hong Kong Children's Hospital, Hong Kong, China
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9
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Cho J, Park J, Park C, Lee J, Oh J, Hwang G. What Are the Challenges of School Nurses in South Korea in Managing Obese Children From Low-Income Households? J Sch Nurs 2023; 39:506-516. [PMID: 34662202 DOI: 10.1177/10598405211045888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Given that the obesity rate among school-age children is increasing, school nurses can play a vital role in managing obesity and encouraging healthy living in school settings. Obese children from low-income backgrounds are more vulnerable than other students and require more careful attention and intervention. This qualitative study aimed to explore and understand the barriers recognized by school nurses in managing obesity in low-income household children. A focus group interview was conducted with 17 school nurses working at an elementary school. Children, home, school, political and structural, and social areas were revealed as intricate factors in obesity management. This study can help understand school nurses' obstacles in managing obese children from low-income families and can help them prepare practical measures to overcome these obstacles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeonghyun Cho
- College of Nursing, Institute for Health Science Research, Inje University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Jiyoung Park
- College of Nursing, Institute for Health Science Research, Inje University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Chongwon Park
- Division of English Language and Literature, Pukyong National University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Jinah Lee
- Department of Social Welfare and Counseling, Catholic University of Pusan, Busan, South Korea
| | - Jina Oh
- College of Nursing, Institute for Health Science Research, Inje University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Gahui Hwang
- College of Nursing, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
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Horn AL, Bell BM, Bulle Bueno BG, Bahrami M, Bozkaya B, Cui Y, Wilson JP, Pentland A, Moro E, de la Haye K. Population mobility data provides meaningful indicators of fast food intake and diet-related diseases in diverse populations. NPJ Digit Med 2023; 6:208. [PMID: 37968446 PMCID: PMC10651929 DOI: 10.1038/s41746-023-00949-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The characteristics of food environments people are exposed to, such as the density of fast food (FF) outlets, can impact their diet and risk for diet-related chronic disease. Previous studies examining the relationship between food environments and nutritional health have produced mixed findings, potentially due to the predominant focus on static food environments around people's homes. As smartphone ownership increases, large-scale data on human mobility (i.e., smartphone geolocations) represents a promising resource for studying dynamic food environments that people have access to and visit as they move throughout their day. This study investigates whether mobility data provides meaningful indicators of diet, measured as FF intake, and diet-related disease, evaluating its usefulness for food environment research. Using a mobility dataset consisting of 14.5 million visits to geolocated food outlets in Los Angeles County (LAC) across a representative sample of 243,644 anonymous and opted-in adult smartphone users in LAC, we construct measures of visits to FF outlets aggregated over users living in neighborhood. We find that the aggregated measures strongly and significantly correspond to self-reported FF intake, obesity, and diabetes in a diverse, representative sample of 8,036 LAC adults included in a population health survey carried out by the LAC Department of Public Health. Visits to FF outlets were a better predictor of individuals' obesity and diabetes than their self-reported FF intake, controlling for other known risks. These findings suggest mobility data represents a valid tool to study people's use of dynamic food environments and links to diet and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail L Horn
- Information Sciences Institute and Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Brooke M Bell
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Mohsen Bahrami
- Institute for Data, Systems, and Society, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Burçin Bozkaya
- Sabanci Business School, Sabanci University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yan Cui
- Los Angeles County Department of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - John P Wilson
- Spatial Sciences Institute, Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Departments of Civil & Environmental Engineering and Computer Science, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Alex Pentland
- Institute for Data, Systems, and Society, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Esteban Moro
- Institute for Data, Systems, and Society, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Departamento de Matemáticas & GISC, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Leganés, Spain
| | - Kayla de la Haye
- Institute for Food System Equity, Center for Economic and Social Research, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Bagnato M, Roy-Gagnon MH, Vanderlee L, White C, Hammond D, Potvin Kent M. The impact of fast food marketing on brand preferences and fast food intake of youth aged 10-17 across six countries. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:1436. [PMID: 37501119 PMCID: PMC10373354 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-16158-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Consumption of fast food, which is associated with poor diet, weight gain and the development of noncommunicable diseases, is high amongst youth. Fast food marketing, a modifiable determinant of excess weight and obesity, affects youth's food-related behaviours. This study aimed to examine the relationship between exposure to fast food marketing and the fast food brand preferences and intake amongst youth aged 10-17 across six countries. METHODS Data from 9,695 youth respondents living in Australia, Canada, Chile, Mexico, the United Kingdom (UK) and the United States (US) were analyzed from the 2019 International Food Policy Study (IFPS) Youth Survey. Survey measures assessed exposure to fast food marketing and brand-specific marketing, and preference for these brands and fast food intake. Regression models adjusted for age, sex, income adequacy and ethnicity were used to examine the associations. RESULTS Exposure to fast food marketing was positively associated with brand preferences and intake consistently across most countries. Overall, preference for McDonald's (OR:1.97; 95% CI:1.52, 2.56), KFC (OR:1.61; 95% CI:1.24, 2.09) and Subway (OR:1.73; 95% CI:1.34, 2.24) were highest when exposed to general fast food marketing ≥ 2x/week compared to never. Preference for McDonald's (OR:2.32; 95% CI:1.92, 2.79), KFC (OR:2.28; 95% CI:1.95, 2.68) and Subway (OR:2.75; 95% CI:2.32, 3.27) were also higher when exposed to marketing for each brand compared to not. Fast food intake was highest in Chile (IRR:1.90; 95% CI:1.45, 2.48), the UK (IRR:1.40; 95% CI:1.20, 1.63), Canada (IRR:1.32; 95% CI:1.19, 1.48), Mexico (IRR:1.26; 95% CI:1.05, 1.53) and the US (IRR:1.21; 95% CI:1.05, 1.41) when exposed to general fast food marketing ≥ 2x/week compared to never and was higher across most countries when exposed to brand-specific marketing compared to not. Respondents classified as ethnic minorities were more likely to report consuming fast food than ethnic majorities, and females were less likely to report consuming fast food than males. CONCLUSIONS Exposure to fast food marketing is consistently and positively associated with brand preferences and fast food intake in all six countries. Our results highlight the need for strict government regulation to reduce exposure of unhealthy food marketing to youth in all six countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariangela Bagnato
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | | | - Lana Vanderlee
- École de Nutrition, Centre Nutrition, Santé Et Société (Centre NUTRISS), and Institut Sur La Nutrition Et Les Aliments Fonctionnels (INAF), Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Christine White
- School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada
| | - David Hammond
- School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada
| | - Monique Potvin Kent
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada.
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Trapp GSA, Reid N, Hickling S, Bivoltsis A, Mandzufas J, Howard J. Nutritional quality of children's menus in restaurants: does cuisine type matter? Public Health Nutr 2023; 26:1451-1455. [PMID: 36803589 PMCID: PMC10346035 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980023000344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE It is unknown whether the nutritional quality of children's menus varies depending on the cuisine type. This study aimed to investigate differences in the nutritional quality of children's menus by cuisine type in restaurants located in Perth, Western Australia (WA). DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING Perth, WA. PARTICIPANTS Children's menus (n 139) from the five most prevalent restaurant cuisine types in Perth (i.e. Chinese, Modern Australian, Italian, Indian and Japanese) were assessed using the Children's Menu Assessment Tool (CMAT; range -5-21 with lower scores denoting lower nutritional quality) and the Food Traffic Light system, evaluated against Healthy Options WA Food and Nutrition Policy recommendations. Non-parametric ANOVA was used to test for a significant difference in total CMAT scores among cuisine types. RESULTS Total CMAT scores were low for all cuisine types (range -2-5), with a significant difference between cuisine types (Kruskal-Wallis H = 58·8, P < 0·001). The highest total CMAT score by cuisine type was Modern Australian (mean = 2·27, sd = 1·41) followed by Italian (mean = 2·02, sd = 1·02), Japanese (mean = 1·80, sd = 2·39), Indian (mean = 0·30, sd = 0·97) and Chinese (mean = 0·07, sd = 0·83). When using the Food Traffic Light for assessment, Japanese cuisine had the highest percentage of green food items (44 %), followed by Italian (42 %), Modern Australian (38 %), Indian (17 %) and Chinese (14 %). CONCLUSIONS Overall, the nutritional quality of children's menus was poor regardless of cuisine type. However, children's menus from Japanese, Italian and Modern Australian restaurants scored better in terms of nutritional quality than children's menus from Chinese and Indian restaurants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina SA Trapp
- Telethon Kids Institute, Perth Children’s Hospital, 15 Hospital Avenue, Nedlands, WA6009, Australia
- School of Population and Global Health, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Natasha Reid
- School of Population and Global Health, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Siobhan Hickling
- School of Population and Global Health, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Alexia Bivoltsis
- Telethon Kids Institute, Perth Children’s Hospital, 15 Hospital Avenue, Nedlands, WA6009, Australia
- School of Population and Global Health, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Joelie Mandzufas
- Telethon Kids Institute, Perth Children’s Hospital, 15 Hospital Avenue, Nedlands, WA6009, Australia
- School of Population and Global Health, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Justine Howard
- Telethon Kids Institute, Perth Children’s Hospital, 15 Hospital Avenue, Nedlands, WA6009, Australia
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13
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Kinsey EW, Widen EM, Quinn JW, Huynh M, Van Wye G, Lovasi GS, Neckerman KM, Caniglia EC, Rundle AG. Neighborhood Food Environment and Birth Weight Outcomes in New York City. JAMA Netw Open 2023; 6:e2317952. [PMID: 37306998 PMCID: PMC10261997 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.17952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Importance Infants born with unhealthy birth weight are at greater risk for long-term health complications, but little is known about how neighborhood characteristics (eg, walkability, food environment) may affect birth weight outcomes. Objective To assess whether neighborhood-level characteristics (poverty rate, food environment, and walkability) are associated with risk of unhealthy birth weight outcomes and to evaluate whether gestational weight gain mediated these associations. Design, Setting, and Participants The population-based cross-sectional study included births in the 2015 vital statistics records from the New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene. Only singleton births and observations with complete birth weight and covariate data were included. Analyses were performed from November 2021 to March 2022. Exposures Residential neighborhood-level characteristics, including poverty, food environment (healthy and unhealthy food retail establishments), and walkability (measured by both walkable destinations and a neighborhood walkability index combining walkability measures like street intersection and transit stop density). Neighborhood-level variables categorized into quartiles. Main Outcomes and Measures The main outcomes were birth certificate birth weight measures including small for gestational age (SGA), large for gestational age (LGA), and sex-specific birth weight for gestational age z-score. Generalized linear mixed-effects models and hierarchical linear models estimated risk ratios for associations between density of neighborhood-level characteristics within a 1-km buffer of residential census block centroid and birth weight outcomes. Results The study included 106 194 births in New York City. The mean (SD) age of pregnant individuals in the sample was 29.9 (6.1) years. Prevalence of SGA and LGA were 12.9% and 8.4%, respectively. Residence in the highest density quartile of healthy food retail establishments compared with the lowest quartile was associated with lower adjusted risk of SGA (with adjustment for individual covariates including gestational weight gain z-score: risk ratio [RR], 0.89; 95% CI 0.83-0.97). Higher neighborhood density of unhealthy food retail establishments was associated with higher adjusted risk of delivering an infant classified as SGA (fourth vs first quartile: RR, 1.12; 95% CI, 1.01-1.24). The RR for the association between density of unhealthy food retail establishments and risk of LGA was higher after adjustment for all covariates in each quartile compared with quartile 1 (second: RR, 1.12 [95% CI, 1.04-1.20]; third: RR, 1.18 [95% CI, 1.08-1.29]; fourth: RR, 1.16; [95% CI, 1.04-1.29]). There were no associations between neighborhood walkability and birth weight outcomes (SGA for fourth vs first quartile: RR, 1.01 [95% CI, 0.94-1.08]; LGA for fourth vs first quartile: RR, 1.06 [95% CI, 0.98-1.14]). Conclusions and Relevance In this population-based cross-sectional study, healthfulness of neighborhood food environments was associated with risk of SGA and LGA. The findings support use of urban design and planning guidelines to improve food environments to support healthy pregnancies and birth weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliza W. Kinsey
- Department of Family Medicine & Community Health, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Elizabeth M. Widen
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Population Research Center, University of Texas at Austin
| | - James W. Quinn
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Mary Huynh
- Bureau of Vital Statistics, New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, New York
| | - Gretchen Van Wye
- Bureau of Vital Statistics, New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, New York
| | - Gina S. Lovasi
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Urban Health Collaborative, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Ellen C. Caniglia
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology & Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Andrew G. Rundle
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York
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Olarte DA, Petimar J, James P, Cooksey-Stowers K, Cash SB, Rimm EB, Economos CD, Rohmann M, Blossom JC, Chen Y, Deo R, Cohen JFW. Trends in Quick-Service Restaurants near Public Schools in the United States: Differences by Community, School, and Student Characteristics. J Acad Nutr Diet 2023; 123:923-932.e1. [PMID: 36740187 PMCID: PMC10200734 DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2023.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND More than one-third of children and adolescents consume foods from quick-service restaurants (QSRs) daily, which is associated with an increased risk of diet-related adverse health conditions. OBJECTIVE To examine trends in the proximity of top-selling QSR chains to all public schools across the United States between 2006 and 2018 by community-, school-, and student-level characteristics. DESIGN This longitudinal study examined changes in the number QSRs between the 2006-2007 and 2017-2018 school years using data from National Center for Education Statistics, Infogroup US Historical Business Data, and the US Department of Agriculture's Economic Research Service. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS A mixed-model analysis of variance using census tract as a random effect and accounting for repeated measures by school was used to examine the proximity of QSRs near schools. Models adjusted for demographic characteristics and census tract population density. Data were analyzed in 2021. RESULTS During 2006, 9% of schools had QSRs within 400 m, and 25% of schools in the most populated areas had at least one QSR within 400 m. There were more QSRs near schools with a high percentage of poverty (12%), and near schools with high school students with the highest population of Black or African American (16%) and Hispanic or Latino (18%) students. By 2018, the percent of all public schools within 400 m of QSRs increased to 12%. The increase over time was greater near schools with a high percentage of poverty (16%) and near schools with high school students with the highest population of Black or African American students (22%) and Hispanic or Latino (23%) students. CONCLUSIONS This is the first nationwide study to examine trends in QSR proximity to all public schools. QSRs were most likely to be located near schools with high school students, near schools with a high percentage of poverty, and near schools with a higher proportion of racial and ethnic minority students. Over time, there were greater increases in QSRs near these schools which may have important implications for children's health and diet-related disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah A Olarte
- Center for Health Inclusion, Research and Practice, Department of Nutrition and Public Health, School of Health Sciences, Merrimack College, North Andover, Massachusetts.
| | - Joshua Petimar
- Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, East Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Peter James
- Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, East Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kristen Cooksey-Stowers
- Allied Health Sciences, Rudd Center for Food Policy and Health, University of Connecticut, Hartford, Connecticut
| | - Sean B Cash
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Eric B Rimm
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Christina D Economos
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Marlaina Rohmann
- Center for Health Inclusion, Research and Practice, Department of Nutrition and Public Health, School of Health Sciences, Merrimack College, North Andover, Massachusetts; Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jeffrey C Blossom
- Center for Geographic Analysis, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Yuting Chen
- Center for Geographic Analysis, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Rinki Deo
- Center for Geographic Analysis, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Juliana F W Cohen
- Center for Health Inclusion, Research and Practice, Department of Nutrition and Public Health, School of Health Sciences, Merrimack College, North Andover, Massachusetts; Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
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Adeoye I. Sugar-sweetened beverage consumption among pregnant women attending general and teaching hospitals in Ibadan, Nigeria : SSB consumption during pregnancy. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:980. [PMID: 37237281 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-15828-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) have become a global health concern because of their adverse health effects and their association with the obesity pandemic. It has not received much attention in sub-Saharan Africa, including Nigeria, especially among pregnant women. The pattern, frequency and factors associated with SSBs among pregnant women in Ibadan, Nigeria, were investigated. DESIGN Data were from the Ibadan Pregnancy Cohort Study - a prospective cohort study investigating 1745 pregnant women from four comprehensive obstetric facilities in Ibadan. A qualitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was used to assess the pregnant women's intake of food and drinks over the previous months. Sugar-sweetened beverage variable and scores were also generated using the principal component analysis with varimax rotation. Factors associated with high SSB scores were examined using multivariate logistics regression analyses at a 5% significance level. RESULTS The most commonly consumed SSBs were cocoa-sweetened beverages, soft drinks, malt drinks, and fruit juice. A quarter of the women (75th percentile) consumed SSB more than once weekly. The factors associated with high SSB on multivariate analysis were; being employed (AOR: 1.52, 95% CI 1.02-2.26), maternal obesity (AOR: 0.065, 95% CI 0.47-0.89), high fruit intake (AOR:3.62, 95% CI 2.62-4.99), high green vegetable consumption (AOR:1.99, 95% CI 1.06-3.74), high milk intake (AOR: 2.13, 95% CI 1.65- 2.74), frequent fast food outlet visit (AOR: 2.19, 95% CI 1.53-1.70), all of these remained significant after adjusting for confounding variables. CONCLUSION SSBs were common among our study population. Factors associated with high SSBs intake are crucial for implementing locally relevant public health interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikeola Adeoye
- Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Faculty of Public Health, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
- Consortium for Advanced Research Training in Africa (CARTA), Nairobi, Kenya.
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Shonkoff ET, Hennessy E, Chui K, Gervis JE, Matthews E, Amin S, Bakun P, Roberts SB, Borges M, Martino J, Economos CD. Reliability and Validity of Digital Images to Assess Child Dietary Intake in a Quick-Service Restaurant Setting. J Acad Nutr Diet 2023; 123:427-437.e2. [PMID: 35963534 DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2022.08.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Development of methods to accurately measure dietary intake in free-living situations-restaurants or otherwise-is critically needed to understand overall dietary patterns. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to develop and test reliability and validity of digital images (DI) for measuring children's dietary intake in quick-service restaurants (QSRs), validating against weighed plate waste (PW) and bomb calorimetry (BC). DESIGN In 2016, cross-sectional data were collected at two time points within a randomized controlled trial assessing children's leftovers in QSRs from parents of 4- to 12-year-old children. PARTICIPANTS/SETTING Parents (n = 640; mean age = 35.9 y; 70.8% female) consented and agreed to provide their child's PW for digital imaging, across 11 QSRs in Massachusetts in areas with low socioeconomic status and ethnically diverse populations. OUTCOME MEASURES Outcome measures were interrater reliability for DIs, correspondence between methods for energy consumed and left over, and correspondence between methods across varying quantities of PW. ANALYSES PERFORMED Intraclass correlations, percent agreement, Spearman correlations, Wilcoxon signed rank tests, and Bland-Altman plots were used. RESULTS Interrater reliability ratings for DIs had substantial intraclass correlations (ICC = 0.94) but not acceptable exact percent agreement (80.2%); DI and PW energy consumed were significantly correlated (r = 0.96, P < 0.001); DI slightly underestimated energy consumed compared with PW (Mdiff = -1.61 kcals, P < 0.001). Bland-Altman plots showed high DI-PW correspondence across various energy amounts and revealed few outliers. Energy left over by BC was highly correlated with DI (r = 0.87, P < 0.001) and PW (r = 0.90, P < 0.001); and mean differences were not significantly different from DI (Mdiff = 9.77 kcal, P = 0.06) or PW (Mdiff = -2.84 kcal, P = 0.20). CONCLUSIONS Correspondence was high between PW and DI assessments of energy consumed, and high with BC energy left over. Results demonstrate reliability and practical validity of digital images for assessing child meal consumption in QSR settings.
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Trapp GSA, Hooper P, Billingham W, Thornton L, Sartori A, Kennington K, Devine A, Godrich S, Sambell R, Howard J, Bivoltsis A. Would you like fries with that? Investigating fast-food outlet availability near schools in Perth, Western Australia. Health Promot J Austr 2023; 34:85-90. [PMID: 36433680 PMCID: PMC10108019 DOI: 10.1002/hpja.682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
ISSUE ADDRESSED Locating fast-food outlets near schools is a potential public health risk to schoolchildren, given the easy access and repeated exposure to energy-dense, nutrient-poor foods they provide. Fast-food outlet availability near schools has not been previously investigated in Perth, Western Australia. This study aimed to quantify fast-food outlet availability near Perth schools and determine whether differences in area-level disadvantage and school type exist. METHODS Fast-food outlet locations were sourced from Perth Local Governments in 2018/2019. All Perth Primary (n = 454), Secondary (n = 107) and K-12 (n = 94) schools were assigned an area-level disadvantage decile ranking based on the Australian Bureau of Statistics Socio-Economic Index for Areas (SEIFA). Regression models assessed whether fast-food outlet availability within 400 m, 800 m and 1 km of schools differed by school type (ie, Primary/Secondary/K-12) or SEIFA. RESULTS Secondary schools were significantly more likely than Primary and K-12 schools to have a higher presence and density of fast-food outlets and the "Top 4" fast-food outlet chains (McDonalds, Hungry Jacks, KFC and Red Rooster) nearby. Schools located in low socio-economic status (SES) areas had a significantly higher density of fast-food outlets within 400 m, and "Top 4" fast-food outlet chains within 400 m and 1 km, than schools located in high SES area. CONCLUSIONS Perth schools are surrounded by fast-food outlets with densities significantly higher around secondary schools and schools located in lower SES areas. SO WHAT?: Policies and regulations aimed at reducing fast-food outlets near schools is an essential strategy to improve dietary intakes and reduce obesity in schoolchildren.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina S A Trapp
- Telethon Kids Institute, Perth Children's Hospital, Nedlands, WA, Australia.,School of Population and Global Health, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Paula Hooper
- The Australian Urban Design Research Centre (AUDRC), School of Design, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Wesley Billingham
- Telethon Kids Institute, Perth Children's Hospital, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Lukar Thornton
- Department of Marketing, Faculty of Business and Economics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | | | - Kelly Kennington
- Cancer Council Western Australia, Subiaco, WA, Australia.,Mental Health Commission, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Amanda Devine
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia.,Nutrition & Health Innovation Research Institute, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
| | - Stephanie Godrich
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Bunbury, WA, Australia
| | - Ros Sambell
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia.,Nutrition & Health Innovation Research Institute, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
| | - Justine Howard
- Telethon Kids Institute, Perth Children's Hospital, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Alexia Bivoltsis
- Telethon Kids Institute, Perth Children's Hospital, Nedlands, WA, Australia
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Mumena WA, Ateek AA, Alamri RK, Alobaid SA, Alshallali SH, Afifi SY, Aljohani GA, Kutbi HA. Fast-Food Consumption, Dietary Quality, and Dietary Intake of Adolescents in Saudi Arabia. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:15083. [PMID: 36429802 PMCID: PMC9690717 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192215083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
High fast-food consumption is a common public-health concern among adolescents, due to its link to a number of non-communicable diseases. Frequent consumption of fast food may also affect diets of individuals; however, research addressing this issue is lacking in Saudi Arabia. We aimed to investigate the association between fast-food consumption, dietary quality, and dietary intake of adolescents in Saudi Arabia. This is a cross-sectional study of 617 healthy adolescents aged 11-18 years, who were recruited randomly from 16 middle- and high-schools located in Jeddah and Madinah, Saudi Arabia. Sociodemographic data were collected from parents. Dietary data, including the frequency of fast-food consumption, dietary quality (assessed using the short-form food frequency questionnaire), and dietary intake (assessed using multiple 24 h diet recalls from a subsample), were collected from the adolescents. Approximately one-third of adolescents (28.5%) reported frequent fast-food consumption (>two times a week). Results showed that a higher proportion of male adolescents frequently consumed fast-food, compared with female adolescents (32.8% vs. 24.8%, p = 0.039). Adolescents with the highest monthly family-income (≥SAR 21,000 ) reported a significantly higher frequency of fast-food consumption compared with families with a lower monthly income (p = 0.009). Frequency of fast-food consumption predicted lower dietary-quality in adolescents (Beta (B) = -0.27 [95% confidence interval (CI): -0.35 to -0.18]) and higher carbohydrate and free-sugar intake (B = 6.93 [95% CI: 0.78 to 13.1], and B = 3.93 [95% CI: 1.48 to 6.38], respectively). In conclusion, nutrition-intervention programs aiming to limit fast-food consumption and enhance the dietary quality of adolescents in Saudi Arabia, are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walaa A. Mumena
- Clinical Nutrition Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, P.O. Box 344, Madinah 42353, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amaal A. Ateek
- Clinical Nutrition Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, P.O. Box 344, Madinah 42353, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rawan K. Alamri
- Clinical Nutrition Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, P.O. Box 344, Madinah 42353, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sarah A. Alobaid
- Clinical Nutrition Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, P.O. Box 344, Madinah 42353, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salwa H. Alshallali
- Clinical Nutrition Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, P.O. Box 344, Madinah 42353, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samah Y. Afifi
- Clinical Nutrition Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, P.O. Box 344, Madinah 42353, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghaida A. Aljohani
- Clinical Nutrition Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, P.O. Box 344, Madinah 42353, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hebah A. Kutbi
- Clinical Nutrition Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80215, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
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Park Y, Kim J. Development and Effect of Child Obesity Management Program by Applied Nudge. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:12692. [PMID: 36231990 PMCID: PMC9566519 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191912692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Child obesity rates are increasing worldwide. In Korea, the proportion of overweight students has steadily increased from 21.8% in 2015 to 25.8% in 2019. Childhood obesity causes mental problems, such as depression and social phobia, due to mental stress, feelings of inferiority, and low self-esteem. METHODS This experimental study aimed to verify the effect of the child obesity management program on body changes (height, weight, obesity degree, body mass index [BMI], body fat percentage), eating habits, exercise habits, obesity knowledge, and social support. This child obesity management program applies the nudge technique based on an ecological model and induces autonomous weight management through environmental control. RESULTS As results of this study, the child obesity management program using the nudge technique developed in this study improved the height (t = -5.19, p < 0.001), obesity degree (z = -3.28, p = 0.001), BMI (z = -3.22, p = 0.001), exercise habits (t = -2.09, p = 0.040), and obesity knowledge of obese children (z = -2.99, p = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS This multidimensional intervention improved obesity by inducing and sustaining behavioral changes in obese children. Therefore, applying the nudge techniques and multidimensional intervention methods based on ecological model are proposed to increase the effectiveness of the health promotion programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoonji Park
- Department of Nursing, Shinsung University, Dangjin-si 31801, Korea
| | - Jihyun Kim
- Department of Nursing, Daejeon University, Daejeon 34520, Korea
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Perez CL, Moran A, Headrick G, McCarthy J, Cradock AL, Pollack Porter KM. State and Local Healthy Kids' Meal Laws in the United States: A Review and Content Analysis. J Acad Nutr Diet 2022; 122:1864-1875.e19. [PMID: 34896300 PMCID: PMC9236554 DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2021.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To address unhealthy restaurant food intake among children, localities and states are passing healthy restaurant kids' meal laws. However, there is limited knowledge of what these policies require and how they compare with expert and industry nutrition standards. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to develop a research instrument to evaluate healthy kids' meal laws and assess their alignment with expert and industry nutrition standards. DESIGN The study team conducted a content analysis of healthy kids' meal laws passed between January 2010 and August 2020 in the United States. Using a structured codebook, two researchers abstracted policy elements and implementation language from laws, regulations, fiscal notes, and policy notes. Nutritional criteria for kids' beverages and meals were compared with existing expert and industry nutrition standards for meals and beverages. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Measures included law characteristics, implementation characteristics, enforcement characteristics, definitions of key terms, and nutritional requirements for meals and default beverage options and alignment with expert and industry nutrition standards. STATISTICAL ANALYSES PERFORMED Interrater reliability of the coding tool was estimated using the Cohen kappa statistic, and researchers calculated descriptive statistics of policy elements. RESULTS Twenty laws were identified. Eighteen were healthy default beverage policies, two were toy restriction policies, and one was a nutrition standards policy. The nutrition standards, default beverage offerings, and implementation characteristics varied by location. No law met the expert nutrition standards for kids' meals or beverages. CONCLUSIONS The variations in policy specifications may influence how restaurants implement the policies, and, consequently, the policies' influences on children's consumption. Future policies could use expert nutrition standards to inform the standards set for kids' meals and specify supports for implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crystal L Perez
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland.
| | - Alyssa Moran
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Gabby Headrick
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | | | - Angie L Cradock
- Harvard Prevention Research Center, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Keshia M Pollack Porter
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
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21
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Tarantino G, Cataldi M, Citro V. Could Alcohol Abuse and Dependence on Junk Foods Inducing Obesity and/or Illicit Drug Use Represent Danger to Liver in Young People with Altered Psychological/Relational Spheres or Emotional Problems? Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810406. [PMID: 36142317 PMCID: PMC9499369 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent data show that young people, mainly due to the pressure of some risk factors or due to disrupted interpersonal relationships, utilise greater reward value and display greater sensitivity to the reinforcing properties of “pleasurable stimuli”, specifically in those situations in which an enhanced dopamine release is present. Alcoholic beverages, foods rich in sugar and fat, and illicit drug use are pleasurable feelings associated with rewards. Research shows that there is a link between substance abuse and obesity in brain functioning. Still, alcohol excess is central in leading to obesity and obesity-related morbidities, such as hepatic steatosis, mainly when associated with illicit drug dependence and negative eating behaviours in young people. It is ascertained that long-term drinking causes mental damage, similarly to drug abuse, but also affects liver function. Indeed, beyond the pharmacokinetic interactions of alcohol with drugs, occurring in the liver due to the same metabolic enzymes, there are also pharmacodynamic interactions of both substances in the CNS. To complicate matters, an important noxious effect of junk foods consists of inducing obesity and obesity-related NAFLD. In this review, we focus on some key mechanisms underlying the impact of these addictions on the liver, as well as those on the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Tarantino
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, “Federico II” University Medical School of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Mauro Cataldi
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, “Federico II” University of Naples, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Citro
- Department of General Medicine, “Umberto I” Hospital, 84014 Nocera Inferiore, Italy
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22
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Kwon HS, Kang SH, Park YS, Kang JG, Park EC. Association of Household Type and Fast-Food Consumption in Korean Adolescents. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14153024. [PMID: 35893878 PMCID: PMC9330106 DOI: 10.3390/nu14153024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Due to changing household types and weakening of family functions, children have fewer opportunities to develop healthy lifestyle patterns from contact with family members compared to the past. In this paper, we evaluate the association between household type and adolescents’ fast-food consumption, focusing on whether they were living with their parents or not, and determine their reasons for not living with their parents. Methods: This cross-sectional study analyzed data from the Korea Youth Risk Behavior web-based survey between 2017 and 2020. The subjects were students in grades 7–12. The outcome variable was a frequency of fast-food intake of ≥5 times per week. The main independent variable was the type of household: (1) living with both parents; (2) living with a single parent (one of father, mother, stepfather, stepmother); (3) not living together, but having parents; and (4) having no parents. Results: Participants without parents were more likely to eat fast food frequently than those living with both parents. Among boys, not having parents and living in a dorm or boarding house or living with other family members or relatives were significantly associated with frequent fast-food intake; among girls, not having parents and living in a dorm or boarding house were significantly associated with frequent fast-food intake. Conclusion: Adolescents having no parents have a higher risk of frequent fast-food intake than those living with both parents. Further studies are needed to address household types in greater detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwa Sook Kwon
- Department of Administration, CHA Ilsan Medical Center, Seoul 10414, Korea;
| | - Soo Hyun Kang
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea; (S.H.K.); (Y.S.P.)
- Institute of Health Services Research, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Yu Shin Park
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea; (S.H.K.); (Y.S.P.)
- Institute of Health Services Research, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | | | - Eun Cheol Park
- Institute of Health Services Research, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
- Correspondence:
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23
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Popkin BM. Does excessive fast-food consumption impair our health? Am J Clin Nutr 2022; 116:11-12. [PMID: 35679428 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqac110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Barry M Popkin
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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24
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Wyse C, Case L, Walsh Ó, Shortall C, Jordan N, McCrea L, O'Malley G. Evaluating 12 Years of Implementing a Multidisciplinary Specialist Child and Adolescent Obesity Treatment Service: Patient-Level Outcomes. Front Nutr 2022; 9:895091. [PMID: 35719167 PMCID: PMC9204063 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.895091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
IntroductionChildhood obesity is a chronic disease that requires multidisciplinary and specialist intervention to address its complex pathophysiology, though access to treatment is limited globally. Evaluating the impact of evidence-based interventions implemented in real-world clinical settings is essential, in order to increase the translation of research into practice and enhance child health outcomes. In Ireland, the National Model of Care for Obesity highlighted the need to develop and improve healthcare services for children and adolescents with obesity.AimsThis study aims to evaluate the impact of a family-based, Tier 3 multi-disciplinary child and adolescent obesity outpatient service (www.w82go.ie) on standardized body mass index (BMI-SDS).MethodsFollowing referral by pediatricians, patients were assessed by a pediatric multidisciplinary team (physiotherapist, dietician, and psychologist) and personalized obesity treatment plans were developed. Anthropometric and demographic information were recorded at baseline and final visit. Descriptive statistics were used to explore distribution, central tendency and variation in the demographic data, change in BMI-SDS over time was assessed using a t-test, and multiple linear regression analysis was used to investigate the association of demographic factors on the change in BMI-SDS.ResultsThe overall mean BMI-SDS reduction across the whole cohort (n = 692) was −0.17 (95% CI = −0.20, −0.13; P < 0.001). Younger age at admission and longer duration of treatment were associated with greater BMI-SDS reduction but there was no significant association between change in BMI-SDS and any of the other parameters (deprivation score, treatment type, sex, obesity category at admission or presence of comorbid condition).ConclusionEngagement in a specialist Tier 3 pediatric obesity service was associated with reductions in BMI-SDS in children and adolescents with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cathy Wyse
- Obesity Research and Care Group, School of Physiotherapy, Division of Population Health Sciences, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Lucinda Case
- W28GO Child and Adolescent Obesity Service, Children's Health Ireland at Temple Street, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Órla Walsh
- Adolescent Medicine and General Paediatrics, Children's Health Ireland at Temple Street, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Catherine Shortall
- W28GO Child and Adolescent Obesity Service, Children's Health Ireland at Temple Street, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Norah Jordan
- W28GO Child and Adolescent Obesity Service, Children's Health Ireland at Temple Street, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Lois McCrea
- W28GO Child and Adolescent Obesity Service, Children's Health Ireland at Temple Street, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Grace O'Malley
- Obesity Research and Care Group, School of Physiotherapy, Division of Population Health Sciences, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
- W28GO Child and Adolescent Obesity Service, Children's Health Ireland at Temple Street, Dublin, Ireland
- *Correspondence: Grace O'Malley
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25
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Hsu PC, Hwang FM, Chien MI, Mui WC, Lai JM. The impact of maternal influences on childhood obesity. Sci Rep 2022; 12:6258. [PMID: 35428792 PMCID: PMC9012806 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-10216-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
There was a lack of detailed information about maternal influences on their children’s body mass index (BMI) in Taiwan. The aim of this study was to find the evidence to describe how mothers’ factors could affect their 2 to 9-year-old children’s BMI, with data collected from May 2021 to June 2021. Anonymous self-administered questionnaires were completed by 1035 participants from Taiwan’s six metropolitan cities and eight counties. After controlling for children’s factors, such as number of children in a family, children’s constitution, children’s age and gender, hierarchical regression models were used to analyze the effects of five maternal factors on their children’s BMI: maternal BMI, age, education level, monthly household income, and marital status (single parent or not). The results were found as follow: maternal BMI [β = .24], maternal educational level [β = −.141], and monthly household income [β = .071], significantly (p < 0.05) influenced their children’s BMI. Higher maternal BMI was associated with a higher children’s BMI. Mothers with lower levels of education background were more likely to have children with a higher BMI. Monthly household income was a positive factor influencing children’s BMI. In conclusion, this study is the first detailed description of maternal influences on their 2–9 years old children’s BMI in Taiwan. Although the study could not cover all of the factors influencing Taiwan’s childhood obesity, we have discovered maternal BMI, education level, and monthly household income were significant factors associated with children’s BMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Chuan Hsu
- Department of Early Childhood Educare, Tainan University of Technology, Tainan City, 710, Taiwan
| | - Fang-Ming Hwang
- Department of Education, National Chiayi University, Chiayi City, 600, Taiwan
| | - Mei-I Chien
- Department of Early Childhood Education, National Chiayi University, Chiayi City, 600, Taiwan
| | - Wui-Chiu Mui
- Chiayi Christian Hospital, Chiayi City, 600, Taiwan
| | - Jyh-Mirn Lai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chiayi University, Chiayi City, 600, Taiwan.
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26
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LeBlanc J, Ward S, LeBlanc CP. The Association Between Adolescents' Food Literacy, Vegetable and Fruit Consumption, and Other Eating Behaviors. HEALTH EDUCATION & BEHAVIOR 2022; 49:603-612. [PMID: 35373626 PMCID: PMC9350450 DOI: 10.1177/10901981221086943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Adolescents’ intake of vegetables and fruits is generally low, and many
demonstrate unhealthy eating behaviors. Food literacy may be key to improving
adolescents’ nutrition. However, the relationship between food literacy, fruit
and vegetable intake, and other healthy eating behaviors remains unclear, as
well as how these relationships may differ among boys and girls. This study
assessed the relationship between food literacy (including food skills and
cooking skills), vegetable and fruit consumption, and other eating behaviors of
adolescents. This cross-sectional study included 1,054 students, including 467
boys and 570 girls from five francophone high schools in New Brunswick, Canada.
Quantitative data on students’ food and cooking skills, vegetable and fruit
consumption, and other eating behaviors were collected with a self-reported
questionnaire. Multilevel regressions were used to assess the relationship
between food literacy, students’ consumption of vegetables and fruits, and other
eating behaviors. Better cooking skills were associated with healthier eating
behaviors and greater vegetable and fruit consumption for boys and girls. Better
food skills were also associated with healthier eating behaviors and greater
vegetable and fruit consumption among both genders. These findings highlight the
importance of improving food literacy among adolescents. Public health
interventions should focus on increasing cooking and food skills to improve
adolescents’ nutrition.
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27
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Gračner T. Bittersweet: How prices of sugar-rich foods contribute to the diet-related disease epidemic in Mexico. JOURNAL OF HEALTH ECONOMICS 2021; 80:102506. [PMID: 34537582 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhealeco.2021.102506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
I provide new evidence on how price changes of nutritionally similar foods, such as those rich in sugar or fats, change obesity and diet-related diseases in the context of Mexico between 1996-2010. I merge a bar-code level price dataset with product-specific nutritional composition to two datasets with health outcomes: state-level administrative and nationally representative individual-level panel data. Exploiting within-city variation in prices using fixed effects models, I show that decreased prices of sugar-rich foods increase obesity, type 2 diabetes, and hypertension prevalence; yet the prices of foods rich in other nutrients do not. Health responses to price changes are the largest for those abdominally obese or at the highest risk for chronic disease. The association between prices of sugary foods and chronic disease is meaningful: I estimate that in Mexico, price reductions of sugary foods explain roughly 15 percent of the rise in obesity and diabetes during the 15-year study period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadeja Gračner
- RAND Corporation, 1776 Main St, Santa Monica, CA 90401, United States.
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28
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Wende ME, Stowe EW, Eberth JM, McLain AC, Liese AD, Breneman CB, Josey MJ, Hughey SM, Kaczynski AT. Spatial clustering patterns and regional variations for food and physical activity environments across the United States. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2021; 31:976-990. [PMID: 31964175 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2020.1713304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study examined spatial patterns of obesogenic environments for US counties. We mapped the geographic dispersion of food and physical activity (PA) environments, assessed spatial clustering, and identified food and PA environment differences across U.S. regions and rurality categories. Substantial low food score clusters were located in the South and high score clusters in the Midwest and West. Low PA score clusters were located in the South and high score clusters in the Northeast and Midwest (p < .0001). For region, the South had significantly lower food and PA environment scores. For rurality, rural counties had significantly higher food environment scores and metropolitan counties had significantly higher PA environment scores (p < .0001). This study highlights geographic clustering and disparities in food and PA access nationwide. State and region-wide environmental inequalities may be targeted using structural interventions and policy initiatives to improve food and PA access.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilyn E Wende
- Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, USA
| | - Ellen W Stowe
- Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, USA
| | - Jan M Eberth
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, USA
- Rural and Minority Health Research Center, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, USA
| | - Alexander C McLain
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, USA
| | - Angela D Liese
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, USA
| | - Charity B Breneman
- Rural and Minority Health Research Center, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, USA
| | - Michele J Josey
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, USA
- Rural and Minority Health Research Center, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, USA
| | - S Morgan Hughey
- Department of Health and Human Performance, College of Charleston, Charleston, USA
| | - Andrew T Kaczynski
- Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, USA
- Prevention Research Center, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, USA
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29
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Manson AC, Johnson BJ, Zarnowiecki D, Sutherland R, Golley RK. The food and nutrient intake of 5- to 12-year-old Australian children during school hours: a secondary analysis of the 2011-2012 National Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey. Public Health Nutr 2021; 24:5985-5994. [PMID: 34493351 PMCID: PMC11148620 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980021003888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE School food intake of Australian children is not comprehensively described in literature, with limited temporal, nationally representative data. Greater understanding of intake at school can inform school-based nutrition promotion. This study aimed to describe the dietary intake of primary-aged children during school hours and its contribution to daily intake. DESIGN This secondary analysis used nationally representative, cross-sectional data from the 2011 to 2012 National Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey. Dietary intake was assessed using validated 24-h dietary recalls on school days. Descriptive statistics were undertaken to determine energy, nutrients, food groups and food products consumed during school hours, as well as their contributions to total daily intake. Associations between school food intake and socio-demographic characteristics were explored. SETTING Australia. PARTICIPANTS Seven hundred and ninety-five children aged 5-12 years. RESULTS Children consumed 37 % of their daily energy and 31-43 % of select nutrient intake during school hours, with discretionary choices contributing 44 % of school energy intake. Most children consumed less than one serve of vegetables, meat and alternatives or milk and alternatives during school hours. Commonly consumed products were discretionary choices (34 %, including biscuits, processed meat), bread (17 %) and fruit (12 %). There were limited associations with socio-economic position variables, apart from child age. CONCLUSIONS Children's diets were not aligned with national recommendations, with school food characterised by high intake of discretionary choices. These findings are consistent with previous Australian evidence and support transformation of the Australian school food system to better align school food consumption with recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra C Manson
- Caring Futures Institute, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Bedford Park, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, SA5001, Australia
| | - Brittany J Johnson
- Caring Futures Institute, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Bedford Park, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, SA5001, Australia
| | - Dorota Zarnowiecki
- Caring Futures Institute, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Bedford Park, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, SA5001, Australia
| | - Rachel Sutherland
- Hunter New England Population Health, Wallsend, NSW, Australia
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
- Priority Research Centre for Health Behaviour, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Rebecca K Golley
- Caring Futures Institute, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Bedford Park, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, SA5001, Australia
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Kang M, Choi SY, Jung M. Dietary intake and nutritional status of Korean children and adolescents: a review of national survey data. Clin Exp Pediatr 2021; 64:443-458. [PMID: 33445834 PMCID: PMC8426097 DOI: 10.3345/cep.2020.01655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In Korea, several national cross-sectional surveys monitor the diet, nutritional status, and health status of children. This continual dedicated national surveillance system contributes to the identification of nutritional and health issues, establishment of public health policies, and development of nutrition recommendations. This paper provides recent information about the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and the Korean Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey and describes key nationwide survey findings published in the last 5 years on infant feeding practices and the dietary intake and nutritional status of Korean infants, children, and adolescents. There have been increasing trends in children, and teenagers who skip breakfast, eat fast food, consume sugary drinks, have vitamin D deficiency, and are obese. This review will inform pediatricians, nutritionists, and other health care practitioners who track children's growth and development. It may also help researchers and policymakers identify diet-related policies and strategies for chronic disease prevention in Korean infants, children, and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minji Kang
- BK21 FOUR Education and Research Team for Sustainable Food & Nutrition, Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - So Yoon Choi
- Department of Pediatrics, Kosin University Gospel Hospital, Kosin University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Minyoung Jung
- Department of Pediatrics, Kosin University Gospel Hospital, Kosin University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea
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31
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Johnson VR, Acholonu NO, Dolan AC, Krishnan A, Wang EHC, Stanford FC. Racial Disparities in Obesity Treatment Among Children and Adolescents. Curr Obes Rep 2021; 10:342-350. [PMID: 33988825 PMCID: PMC8120762 DOI: 10.1007/s13679-021-00442-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW With the growing obesity epidemic among children and adolescents, the evaluation of disease origin to slow disease progression is necessary. Racial disparities which are evident amid prevalence and treatment must be studied to counteract disease propagation. RECENT FINDINGS Disparities are pronounced among Black and Hispanic pediatric patients prior to conception and birth due to genetic composition and fetal environment. Postnatal environment and psychosocial influences can further increase a child/adolescent's propensity to increased weight. Current treatment options including nutrition, physical activity, behavior modification, pharmacotherapy, and surgery are underutilized in communities of color due to limited access to care and cost. Data is limited to demonstrate disparities among treatment of obesity in children and adolescents. The reviewed studies show the role of race on disease treatment. Increased research efforts, especially in pharmacotherapy and metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS), will help combat obesity in pediatric communities of color.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica R Johnson
- Department of Internal Medicine, Northwestern Medicine, 259 E. Erie Street, Suite 2150, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
| | - Nonyerem O Acholonu
- Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital for Children and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ana C Dolan
- University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Fatima Cody Stanford
- Departments of Medicine, Neuroendocrine Unit and Pediatrics, Pediatric Endocrinology, Boston, MA, USA
- Nutrition Obesity Research Center at Harvard, MGH Weight Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, 50 Staniford Street, 4th Floor, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
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32
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U.S. Adolescents' Diet Consumption Patterns Differ between Grocery and Convenience Stores: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011-2018. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18168474. [PMID: 34444223 PMCID: PMC8394683 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18168474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Among U.S. adolescents, foods/beverages that are store-bought (i.e., from grocery and convenience stores) are significant contributors of energy intake. However, it remains unclear (1) what foods/beverages are consumed by U.S. adolescents from grocery and convenience stores and (2) if there are differences in foods/beverages consumed by store type. Therefore, we analyzed 29,216 eating occasions from adolescents (12–19 years; n = 4065) in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011–2018 to report food/beverage groups and nutrients consumed from grocery and convenience stores. Differences in food/beverage groups and nutrient densities by store type were calculated using multiple logistic and linear regressions. Adolescents were more likely to consume “Beverages” and “Snacks and Sweets” and less likely to consume “Grains”, “Protein”, “Milk and Dairy”, “Condiments and Sauces”, and “Fruits” from convenience compared to grocery stores (all p < 0.0025). Foods/beverages from convenience stores were higher in carbohydrates, total sugar, and added sugar and lower in protein, fat, saturated fat, sodium, and fiber than those from grocery stores (all p < 0.0025). In conclusion, while foods/beverages from convenience stores are more energy-dense and nutrient-poor, there is a critical need to increase the availability, accessibility, and affordability of healthier foods/beverages in both store types to encourage healthier dietary behaviors among U.S. adolescents.
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Marketing to Children Inside Quick Service Restaurants: Differences by Community Demographics. Am J Prev Med 2021; 61:96-104. [PMID: 33994053 PMCID: PMC8277431 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2021.01.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In the U.S., children regularly consume foods from quick-service restaurants, but little is known about the marketing strategies currently used inside quick-service restaurants. This study aims to validate a child-focused Environmental Assessment Tool for quick-service restaurants, evaluate marketing strategies inside and on the exterior of quick-service restaurants, and examine differences by community race/ethnicity or income. METHODS The inter-rater and test-retest reliability of the Environmental Assessment Tool were assessed across the top 5 national quick-service restaurant chains. Marketing techniques in 165 quick-service restaurants (33 per national chain) in socioeconomically and racially/ethnically diverse communities throughout New England were examined in 2018-2019. Mixed methods ANOVA examined the differences in marketing techniques in 2020. RESULTS The inter-rater and test-retest reliability of the Environmental Assessment Tool were high (Cohen's κ>0.80). Approximately 95% of quick-service restaurants marketed less healthy foods, whereas only 6.5% marketed healthy options. When examining the differences by community demographics, there were significantly more price promotion advertisements inside and on the exterior of quick-service restaurants in lower-income communities. In addition, there was a greater number of child-directed advertisements with cartoon or TV/movie characters as well as fewer healthy entrée options and more sugar-sweetened beverage and dessert options on the children's menu inside quick-service restaurants in communities with higher minority populations. CONCLUSIONS Environmental Assessment Tool is a valid tool to evaluate marketing inside quick-service restaurants. Results suggest that there is a substantial amount of unhealthy food and beverage marketing inside quick-service restaurants, with differences in the number and types of techniques used in lower-income and minority communities. Policies that limit quick-service restaurant marketing to children should be considered.
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Zachary M, Sisley S. The Pediatric Obesity Encounter: Literature and Resources to Help with 4 Common Issues. Curr Nutr Rep 2021; 9:94-100. [PMID: 32350815 DOI: 10.1007/s13668-020-00308-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW We review here best practices and resources for pediatricians providing pediatric obesity management in 4 key areas: how to assess all of the relevant factors contributing to obesity, how to provide nutrition education, how to counsel families who eat out regularly, and what to do with patients who frequently make poor eating choices. RECENT FINDINGS While there are many resources indicating recommendations for the physical exam and laboratory tests, there are very few resources that give pragmatic advice on the counseling aspects of the pediatric obesity encounter. We note new nutrition research showing the importance of avoiding ultra-processed foods. Most importantly, we list several resources regarding useful questionnaires, nutrition guidance, and even further training for pediatricians. There is a need for more curation of resources in different aspects of obesity care. We hope that this review and list of resources are helpful for pediatricians and will empower families and can be expanded in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Montgomery Zachary
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, 1100 Bates St. #10068, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Stephanie Sisley
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, 1100 Bates St. #10068, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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Musicus AA, Hua SV, Schwartz MB, Block JP, Barg FK, Economos CD, Glanz K, Krieger JW, Roberto CA. Messages Promoting Healthy Kids' Meals: An Online RCT. Am J Prev Med 2021; 60:674-683. [PMID: 33632647 PMCID: PMC8279041 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2020.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Calorie labeling is now required on all large U.S. chain restaurant menus, but its influence on consumer behavior is mixed. This study examines whether different parent-targeted messages encourage parents to order lower-calorie meals for their children in a hypothetical online setting. METHODS An online RCT was conducted with sociodemographically diverse primary caregivers of children aged 6-12 years (data collected and analyzed in 2017-2019). Participants (N=2,373) were randomized to see 1 of 4 messages: (1) nonfood control, (2) kids' meals are the right size for children, (3) doctors recommend a 600 kcal per meal limit for kids, or (4) 600 kcal per meal is a generally recommended limit for kids. Participants ordered hypothetical meals for their children and themselves and rated meal and message perceptions. RESULTS There were no significant differences between conditions in calories ordered for children at either restaurant, although all 3 food message conditions ordered fewer calories for their children than the control (full service: 27-68 fewer kcal, fast food: 18-64 fewer kcal). The general 600 kcal/meal limit message consistently performed best across outcomes, encouraging parents to order the fewest calories for their children at both restaurants (5%-7% fewer) and significantly increasing their understanding of calorie recommendations for kids' meals. It also significantly reduced fast-food calories parents ordered for themselves compared with the control (-106 kcal, p=0.042). CONCLUSIONS Although no statistically significant differences were detected, messages with specific calorie recommendations for kids led parents to order lower-calorie restaurant meals for their children, suggesting that additional real-world studies with larger sample sizes are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aviva A Musicus
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts.
| | - Sophia V Hua
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Marlene B Schwartz
- UConn Rudd Center for Food Policy & Obesity, University of Connecticut, Hartford, Connecticut
| | - Jason P Block
- Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Frances K Barg
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Christina D Economos
- Division of Nutrition Interventions, Communication, and Behavior Change, Gerald J. and Dorothy R. Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Karen Glanz
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - James W Krieger
- Department of Health Services, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Christina A Roberto
- Department of Medical Ethics and Health Policy, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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Banerjee A, Mukherjee S, Maji BK. Worldwide flavor enhancer monosodium glutamate combined with high lipid diet provokes metabolic alterations and systemic anomalies: An overview. Toxicol Rep 2021; 8:938-961. [PMID: 34026558 PMCID: PMC8120859 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2021.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Flavor enhancing high lipid diet acts as silent killer. Monosodium glutamate mixed with high lipid diet alters redox-status. Monosodium glutamate mixed with high lipid diet induces systemic anomalies.
In this fast-food era, people depend on ready-made foods and engage in minimal physical activities that ultimately change their food habits. Majorities of such foods have harmful effects on human health due to higher percentages of saturated fatty acids, trans-fatty acids, and hydrogenated fats in the form of high lipid diet (HLD). Moreover, food manufacturers add monosodium glutamate (MSG) to enhance the taste and palatability of the HLD. Both MSG and HLD induce the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and thereby alter the redox-homeostasis to cause systemic damage. However, MSG mixed HLD (MH) consumption leads to dyslipidemia, silently develops non-alcoholic fatty liver disease followed by metabolic alterations and systemic anomalies, even malignancies, via modulating different signaling pathways. This comprehensive review formulates health care strategies to create global awareness about the harmful impact of MH on the human body and recommends the daily consumption of more natural foods rich in antioxidants instead of toxic ingredients to counterbalance the MH-induced systemic anomalies.
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Karagiannaki K, Ritz C, Jensen LGH, Tørsleff EH, Møller P, Hausner H, Olsen A. Optimising Repeated Exposure: Determining Optimal Exposure Frequency for Introducing a Novel Vegetable among Children. Foods 2021; 10:foods10050913. [PMID: 33919386 PMCID: PMC8143368 DOI: 10.3390/foods10050913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Fruit and vegetables are important components of a healthy diet, but unfortunately many children are not consuming enough to meet the recommendations. Therefore, it is crucial to develop strategies towards increasing the acceptance of this food group. This study aims to investigate the effect of different repeated exposure frequencies on fruit and vegetable acceptance using a novel vegetable, daikon, among 3–6-year-old children. One hundred and fifty-nine children participated in this study. Eight kindergarten teams were assigned to one of the following groups: Three different intervention groups with varying exposure frequencies, but all receiving seven exposures: Twice a week (n = 47), once a week (n = 32) and once every second week (n = 30), and a control group (n = 50). Liking and familiarity of daikon and other vegetables (cucumber, celery, celeriac, broccoli, cauliflower and beetroot) were assessed at baseline, post-intervention and two follow up sessions (3 and 6 months) to test for potential generalisation effects and observe the longevity of the obtained effects. Intake of daikon was measured at all exposures and test sessions. Results showed significant increases (p ≤ 0.05) in liking and intake of daikon for all three frequencies and the control group. Over the exposures, intake of daikon increased until the 4th exposure for all the groups, where a plateau was reached. No systematic generalisation effects were found. Repeated exposure was a successful approach to increase liking and intake of a novel vegetable with all exposure frequencies to be effective, and no particular exposure frequency can be recommended. Even the few exposures the control group received were found to be sufficient to improve intake and liking over 6 months (p ≤ 0.05), indicating that exposures to low quantities of an unfamiliar vegetable may be sufficient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klelia Karagiannaki
- Section for Food Design and Consumer Behaviour, Department of Food Science, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, 1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark; (K.K.); (L.G.H.J.); (E.H.T.); (P.M.); (H.H.)
| | - Christian Ritz
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Science, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 25, 1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark;
| | - Louise Grønhøj Hørbye Jensen
- Section for Food Design and Consumer Behaviour, Department of Food Science, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, 1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark; (K.K.); (L.G.H.J.); (E.H.T.); (P.M.); (H.H.)
| | - Ellen Hyldgaard Tørsleff
- Section for Food Design and Consumer Behaviour, Department of Food Science, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, 1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark; (K.K.); (L.G.H.J.); (E.H.T.); (P.M.); (H.H.)
| | - Per Møller
- Section for Food Design and Consumer Behaviour, Department of Food Science, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, 1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark; (K.K.); (L.G.H.J.); (E.H.T.); (P.M.); (H.H.)
| | - Helene Hausner
- Section for Food Design and Consumer Behaviour, Department of Food Science, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, 1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark; (K.K.); (L.G.H.J.); (E.H.T.); (P.M.); (H.H.)
| | - Annemarie Olsen
- Section for Food Design and Consumer Behaviour, Department of Food Science, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, 1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark; (K.K.); (L.G.H.J.); (E.H.T.); (P.M.); (H.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +45-35-33-1018
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Maia-Landim A, Lancho C, Poblador MS, Lancho JL, Ramírez JM. Garcinia cambogia and Glucomannan reduce weight, change body composition and ameliorate lipid and glucose blood profiles in overweight/obese patients. J Herb Med 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hermed.2021.100424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Children's perceptions of their parent's parenting strategies and child influence on purchases in a supermarket. Appetite 2021; 162:105149. [PMID: 33548351 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2021.105149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
This field study identified, through observation, child influence on food and beverage purchases within a supermarket, as well as the influence of the children's perceptions of their parents' parenting strategies related to eating behaviors on these purchases. Four supermarkets were recruited to participate and agreed to allow recruitment of parent-child dyads and implementation of data collection protocols within their stores. Parent-child (7-14 yo) dyads were recruited to wear eye-tracking glasses during the supermarket visit, complete separate individual interviews, and have their store receipts scanned. The receipt data provided evidence of what was purchased, including overall purchases, as well as purchases of energy-dense, nutrient-poor foods and beverages. The eye-tracking data, together with the receipt data, identified which items were requested by the child and purchased. The child interviews provided the child's perceptions of parenting strategies (i.e., parental monitoring, control). Seventy-six dyads agreed to participate and completed the study protocols. During most of the shopping trips, items were purchased as a result of child-initiated request interactions. Children's perceptions of their parent's use of monitoring was consistently associated with fewer purchases overall and of energy-dense, nutrient-poor items, and with reduced child influence on what was purchased.
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Examining the consumer restaurant environment and dietary intake in children. Prev Med Rep 2020; 20:101274. [PMID: 33354495 PMCID: PMC7744926 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2020.101274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Within the away-from-home food environment there is a need to account for individual exposure (e.g., frequency of visitation) to that environment. The present study examined the consumer environment in both proximal and visited restaurants and their association with childrens’ diet quality and anthropometrics. A cross-sectional analysis used baseline data from the Neighborhood Impact on Kids (NIK) study (2007–2009). Participants were 6–12-year-olds living in King County, WA and San Diego County, CA. This analysis (conducted 2019–2020) examined relationships between nearby restaurant count, Nutrition Environment Measures Survey in Restaurants (NEMS-R) within the child’s block group, and weighted NEMS-R scores based on the restaurant where the child ate most frequently in relation to child energy intake, Healthy Eating Index (HEI-2010) total score and anthropometrics. Children’s HEI-2010 scores were associated with NEMS-R scores within block groups, with children in the lowest NEMS-R tertile having significantly higher HEI scores than participants in the middle tertile. Weighted NEMS-R scores were significantly associated with waist circumference, with children in the highest NEMS-R tertile having a lower waist circumference than children in the lowest tertile. Nearby restaurant count was not associated with children’s diet quality or anthropometrics. Our findings suggest the relationship between nutrition environment and child diet and anthropometrics varied depending on how nutrition environment was defined. However, findings may be limited by the low frequency of eating out reported in this sample. Food environment measures that account for individual-level behavior are needed to better understand the influence of food environments on diet and anthropometrics
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Rummo PE, Moran AJ, Musicus AA, Roberto CA, Bragg MA. An online randomized trial of healthy default beverages and unhealthy beverage restrictions on children's menus. Prev Med Rep 2020; 20:101279. [PMID: 33318891 PMCID: PMC7726712 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2020.101279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Healthy default beverage policies have been enacted in several U.S. municipalities. Effects of such policies or beverage restrictions on children’s menus are unknown. Parents viewed and ordered children’s meals from one of three menu conditions. Defaults and restrictions did not reduce beverage calories ordered in our experiment. More robust legislation may be needed, such as implementing healthy food defaults.
Several U.S. jurisdictions have adopted policies requiring healthy beverage defaults on children’s menus, but it is unknown whether such policies or restrictions leads to fewer calories ordered. We recruited 479 caregivers of children for an online choice experiment and instructed participants to order dinner for their youngest child (2–6 years) from two restaurant menus. Participants were randomly assigned to one type of menu: 1) standard beverages on children’s menus (Control; n = 155); 2) healthy beverages on children’s menus (water, milk, or 100% juice), with unhealthy beverages available as substitutions (Default; n = 162); or 3) healthy beverages on children’s menus, with no unhealthy beverage substitutions (Restriction; n = 162). We used linear regression with bootstrapping to examine differences between conditions in calories ordered from beverages. Secondary outcomes included percent of participants ordering unhealthy beverages (full-calorie soda, diet soda, and/or sugar-sweetened fruit drinks) and calories from unhealthy beverages. Calories ordered from beverages did not differ across conditions at Chili’s [Default: 97.6 (SD = 69.8); p = 0.82; Restriction: 102.7 (SD = 71.5); p = 0.99; Control: 99.4 (SD = 72.7)] or McDonald’s [Default: 90.2 (SD = 89.1); p = 0.55; Restriction: 89.0 (SD = 81.0); p = 0.94; Control: 96.5 (SD = 95.2)]. There were no differences in the percent of orders or calories ordered from unhealthy beverages. Though Restriction participants ordered fewer calories from full-calorie soda [(3.0 (SD = 21.6)] relative to Control participants [13.4 (SD = 52.1); p = 0.04)] at Chili’s, we observed no such difference between Default and Control participants, or across McDonald’s conditions. Overall, there was no effect of healthy default beverages or restrictions in reducing total calories ordered from unhealthy beverages for children in our experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasquale E. Rummo
- Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
- Corresponding author at: New York University School of Medicine, Department of Population Health, 180 Madison Ave, 3 Floor, Rm 3-54, New York, NY 10016, United States.
| | - Alyssa J. Moran
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Aviva A. Musicus
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Christina A. Roberto
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Marie A. Bragg
- Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Nutrition, School of Global Public Health, New York University, New York, NY, United States
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VERDI R, GASPARINO E, CORADINI MF, CHAMBO APS, FEIHRMANN AC, GOES ESDR, SOUZA MLRD. Inclusion of dehydrated mix of tilapia and salmon in pizzas. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.22019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Valizadeh P, Ng SW. The New school food standards and nutrition of school children: Direct and Indirect Effect Analysis. ECONOMICS AND HUMAN BIOLOGY 2020; 39:100918. [PMID: 32992091 PMCID: PMC7718326 DOI: 10.1016/j.ehb.2020.100918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The Healthy, Hunger-Free Kids Act (HHFKA) of 2010 made sweeping changes to school nutritional standards. We estimate the impacts of shifts in school nutritional standards on dietary quality as well as dietary quantity of children's food intakes from school and away-from-school food sources. We find the average effect of consuming school food, rather than away-from-school food, on children's overall dietary quality significantly increased from the pre- to post-HHFKA implementation period. This effect was solely driven by substantial improvements in the dietary quality of foods acquired at school, mainly among older and higher-income children. Our indirect effect analysis indicated that children shifted towards consuming lower-quality diets at home in the post-HHFKA period, thereby partially offsetting the positive effects of the HHFKA on their overall dietary quality. Indirect impacts were primarily driven by a subset of children consuming more than a third of their daily calories from school food. Additionally, we find suggestive evidence of a modest decrease in daily calorie intake, particularly among older and higher-income children. Together, our findings imply that the HHFKA, despite its unintended negative indirect effects, led children to consume more-nutritious, less-energy-dense diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pourya Valizadeh
- Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Carolina Population Center, CB #8120 University Square. 123 West Franklin Street, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27516-3997, United States.
| | - Shu Wen Ng
- Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
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Lee SY, Kim J, Oh S, Kim Y, Woo S, Jang HB, Lee HJ, Park SI, Park KH, Lim H. A 24-week intervention based on nutrition care process improves diet quality, body mass index, and motivation in children and adolescents with obesity. Nutr Res 2020; 84:53-62. [PMID: 33218692 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2020.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Higher motivation could support to lead behavioral change for obese children and adolescents. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of a nutrition care process (NCP)-based intervention targeted on diet and weight status in moderate to severe obese children and adolescents in Korea. One hundred four subjects (mean age: 10.95 years, body mass index (BMI) ≥97th percentile of age-sex) participated in the present study. Subjects were divided into a usual care group (UG) and a nutrition group (NG). All participants underwent nutrition education 6 times. The NG received individual access and continuous monitoring and setting goals with respect to nutritional problems. Consumption of high-calorie, low-nutrient (HCLN) food was significantly decreased (P < .05) and the Diet Quality Index-International (DQI-I) score also increased with respect to sodium (P < .001). The total self-efficacy score was increased from 9.15 to 10.14 points (P < .01). After 24 weeks, the BMI-z-score decreased from 2.27 to 2.19 in the NG (P < .05); however, no group difference was found. BMI-z-score was negatively associated with self-efficacy (β = -0.03, P < .019). NCP-based intervention might be helpful to solve dietary problems by enhancing self-efficacy and lower BMI-z-score in moderately to severely obese children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Yeong Lee
- Department of Medical Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Gyeonggi-do, 17104, South Korea.
| | - Jieun Kim
- Research Institute of Medical Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, South Korea.
| | - Seulki Oh
- Department of Medical Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Gyeonggi-do, 17104, South Korea.
| | - YoonMyung Kim
- University College, Yonsei University International Campus, Incheon 21983, South Korea.
| | - Sarah Woo
- Department of Family Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, Gyeonggi-do, 14068, South Korea.
| | - Han Byul Jang
- Center for Biomedical Sciences, Korea National Institute of Health, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28159, South Korea.
| | - Hye-Ja Lee
- Center for Biomedical Sciences, Korea National Institute of Health, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28159, South Korea.
| | - Sang Ick Park
- Center for Biomedical Sciences, Korea National Institute of Health, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28159, South Korea.
| | - Kyung Hee Park
- Department of Family Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, Gyeonggi-do, 14068, South Korea.
| | - Hyunjung Lim
- Department of Medical Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Gyeonggi-do, 17104, South Korea; Research Institute of Medical Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, South Korea.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the sugar content of items at four multinational fast-food chains, across three countries. DESIGN Total sugar (g)/per serving was extracted from online nutrition information, and sugar/100 g serving was calculated. Foods were categorised as: breakfast sandwiches, burgers, sandwiches, desserts and condiments. Beverages were categorised as fountain, frozen or pre-packaged. Sugar (g) was compared across countries using linear mixed-effects models. Pairwise comparisons were performed with Tukey-Kramer adjustments. SETTING USA, Germany and Australia. PARTICIPANTS Burger King™ (Hungry Jack's™), Kentucky Fried Chicken™, McDonald's™ and Subway™. RESULTS Differences in total sugar/100 g or ml were observed across countries for burgers (n 104), desserts (n 110), sandwiches (n 178), pre-packaged beverages (n 36) and frozen beverages (n 72). Comparing identical items across countries (e.g. BigMacTM from McDonalds in USA, Germany and Australia), burgers (n 10 available in all three countries) had lower sugar content in Australia (3·4 g/100 g) compared with the USA (4·7 g/100 g, P = 0·02) or Germany (4·6 g/100 g, P = 0·04), yet no differences were observed in other food categories. Comparing the same beverages across countries (e.g. chocolate shake from Burger King), frozen beverages (n 4 available in all three countries) had lower sugar content in Australia (14·2 g/100 ml), compared with the USA (20·3 g/100 ml, P = 0·0005) or Germany (17·8 g/100 ml, P = 0·0148), yet no differences were observed in other beverage categories. CONCLUSIONS Heterogeneity in fast-food sugar content across countries suggests that reductions are possible and should be implemented to reduce health risks associated with excess added sugar intake.
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Monarca RI, Speakman JR, Mathias ML. Effects of predation risk on the body mass regulation of growing wood mice. J Zool (1987) 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/jzo.12811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- R. I. Monarca
- CESAM – Center for Environmental and Marine Studies Universidade de Aveiro Aveiro Portugal
- Departamento de Biologia Animal Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa Lisbon Portugal
| | - J. R. Speakman
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences University of Aberdeen Aberdeen UK
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - M. L. Mathias
- CESAM – Center for Environmental and Marine Studies Universidade de Aveiro Aveiro Portugal
- Departamento de Biologia Animal Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa Lisbon Portugal
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Convenience Store Use and the Health of Urban Adolescents in Seoul, South Korea. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17186486. [PMID: 32899954 PMCID: PMC7558625 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17186486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
To improve urban adolescents' dietary behaviors and health, factors that influence them to buy meals in convenience stores with regard to urban food environments must be determined. This study investigated the factors which influence adolescents' substitution of meals with convenience store meals and its impact on their health in Seoul (South Korea). Multilevel analysis and logistic regression analysis were conducted using data from the Korea Youth Risk Behavior Survey, a national health survey with a representative sample of Korean adolescents. Among 17,624 teenagers who responded to surveys in 2017 and 2019, 30.5% of them substituted meals with convenience store meals more than three times a week. Girls and students with a lower family economic level were more likely to frequently consume food from convenience stores. Unhealthy lifestyles and poor mental health status also influenced their decisions to substitute meals with convenience store food. Those who frequently consumed meals from convenience stores were more likely to have unhealthy lifestyles, featuring bad diets, smoking, drinking, and sedentary behaviors. They also reported significantly poorer self-rated health and mental health. To promote healthy lifestyles among adolescents, efforts to raise awareness and develop supportive environments for healthy diets are strongly recommended.
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Fox K, Gans K, McCurdy K, Risica PM, Jennings E, Gorin A, Papandonatos GD, Tovar A. Rationale, design and study protocol of the 'Strong Families Start at Home' feasibility trial to improve the diet quality of low-income, ethnically diverse children by helping parents improve their feeding and food preparation practices. Contemp Clin Trials Commun 2020; 19:100583. [PMID: 32637721 PMCID: PMC7327278 DOI: 10.1016/j.conctc.2020.100583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
There is an urgent need to create effective interventions that help parents establish a healthy diet among their children early in life, especially among low-income and ethnically and racially diverse families. U.S. children eat too few fruits, vegetables and whole grains, and too many energy dense foods, dietary behaviors associated with increased morbidity from chronic diseases. Parents play a key role in shaping children's diets. Best practices suggest that parents should involve children in food preparation, and offer, encourage and model eating a variety of healthy foods. In addition, while parents help to shape food preferences, not all children respond in the same way. Certain child appetitive traits, such as satiety responsiveness (sensitivity to internal satiety signals), food responsiveness (sensitivity to external food cues), and food fussiness may help explain some of these differences. Prior interventions to improve the diet of preschool children have not used a holistic approach that targets the home food environment, by focusing on food quality, food preparation, and positive feeding practices while also acknowledging a child's appetitive traits. This manuscript describes the rationale and design for a 6-month pilot randomized controlled trial, Strong Families Start at Home, that randomizes parents and their 2-to 5-year old children to either a home-based environmental dietary intervention or an attention-control group. The primary aim of the study is to explore the feasibility and acceptability of the intervention and evaluation and to determine the intervention's preliminary efficacy on child diet quality, feeding practices, and availability of healthy foods in the home.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katelyn Fox
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Rhode Island, 41 Lower College Road, Room 125, Kingston, RI, 02881, USA
| | - Kim Gans
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, and Institute for Collaboration in Health, Interventions, and Policy, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA
- Institute for Collaboration on Health, Intervention, and Policy, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Karen McCurdy
- Department of Human Development & Family Studies, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
| | - Patricia Markham Risica
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Ernestine Jennings
- Center for Behavioral and Preventive Medicine, The Miriam Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Amy Gorin
- Institute for Collaboration on Health, Intervention, and Policy, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | | | - Alison Tovar
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
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Ehleringer JR, Covarrubias Avalos S, Tipple BJ, Valenzuela LO, Cerling TE. Stable isotopes in hair reveal dietary protein sources with links to socioeconomic status and health. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:20044-20051. [PMID: 32747534 PMCID: PMC7443935 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1914087117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios in hair sampled from 65 communities across the central and intermountain regions of the United States and more intensively throughout 29 ZIP codes in the Salt Lake Valley, Utah, revealed a dietary divergence related to socioeconomic status as measured by cost of living, household income, and adjusted gross income. Corn-fed, animal-derived proteins were more common in the diets of lower socioeconomic status populations than were plant-derived proteins, with individual estimates of animal-derived protein diets as high as 75%; United States towns and cities averaged 57%. Similar patterns were seen across the socioeconomic status spectrum in the Salt Lake Valley. It is likely that corn-fed animal proteins were associated with concentrated animal-feeding operations, a common practice for industrial animal production in the United States today. Given recent studies highlighting the negative impacts of animal-derived proteins in our diets, hair carbon isotope ratios could provide an approach for scaling assessments of animal-sourced foods and health risks in communities across the United States.
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Affiliation(s)
- James R Ehleringer
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112;
- Global Change and Sustainability Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112
| | | | - Brett J Tipple
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112
- Global Change and Sustainability Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112
| | - Luciano O Valenzuela
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Laboratorio de Ecología Evolutiva Humana, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, CP 7631 Quequén, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Thure E Cerling
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112
- Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112
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Mrug S, Orihuela C, Mrug M, Sanders PW. Sodium and potassium excretion predict increased depression in urban adolescents. Physiol Rep 2020; 7:e14213. [PMID: 31444870 PMCID: PMC6708056 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examined the prospective role of urinary sodium and potassium excretion in depressive symptoms among urban, low-income adolescents, and whether these relationships vary by gender. A total of 84 urban adolescents (mean age 13.36 years; 50% male; 95% African American) self-reported on their depressive symptoms at baseline and 1.5 years later. At baseline, the youth also completed a 12-h (overnight) urine collection at home which was used to measure sodium and potassium excretion. After adjusting for baseline depressive symptoms, age, BMI percentile, and pubertal development, greater sodium excretion and lower potassium excretion predicted more severe depressive symptoms at follow-up, with no significant gender differences. The results suggest that consumption of foods high in sodium and low in potassium contributes to the development of depressive symptoms in early adolescence, and that diet is a modifiable risk factor for adolescent depression. Interventions focusing on diet may improve mental health in urban adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvie Mrug
- Department of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Catheryn Orihuela
- Department of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Michal Mrug
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama.,Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Paul W Sanders
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama.,Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama
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