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Sui W, Sui A, Munn J, Irwin JD. Comparing the prevalence of nomophobia and smartphone addiction among university students pre-COVID-19 and during COVID-19. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2024; 72:1688-1691. [PMID: 35728101 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2022.2087473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to: (a) explore differences in the prevalence of nomophobia and smartphone addiction (SA) from pre- to during COVID-19; (b) identify students' self-reported changes in smartphone reliance and screen time during COVID-19; and (c) examine whether self-perceived changes in smartphone usage predicted nomophobia and SA scores. METHODS Scores on the Nomophobia Questionnaire and Smartphone Addiction Scale between two surveys administered at two timepoints were compared: Sample 1 (September 2019-January 2020; N = 878) and Sample 2 (May-June 2020; N = 258). RESULTS No significant differences were found between samples on nomophobia or SA. Nearly all of Sample 2 reported using some type of app more, using their smartphone a little more, and about the same perceived smartphone reliance during COVID-19. Increased screen time, smartphone reliance, and social media significantly predicted nomophobia and SA. CONCLUSION COVID-19 does not appear to have exacerbated the prevalence of nomophobia or SA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wuyou Sui
- School of Kinesiology, Western University, London, Canada
| | - Anna Sui
- Department of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, , Western University, London, ON
| | - Joseph Munn
- Department of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, , Western University, London, ON
| | - Jennifer D Irwin
- Department of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, , Western University, London, ON
- School of Health Studies, Western University, London, Canada
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Yağci Şentürk A, Ceylan A, Okur E. The effects of smartphone addiction on the body in young adults in Turkey. ETHNICITY & HEALTH 2024:1-11. [PMID: 38982768 DOI: 10.1080/13557858.2024.2376040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The frequency of smartphone usage is increasing day by day in Turkey. This study was planned to reveal the level of smartphone addiction and the factors affecting smartphone addiction in young adults in Turkey. DESIGN In the study, how long the young people had been using the smartphone and their daily usage times were recorded. The Smartphone Addiction Scale (SAS), Neck Disability Index (NDI), Body Awareness Scale (BAS), and Sedentary Behavior Questionnaire (SBQ) scales were employed as data collection tools. RESULTS The study was conducted with 1000 participants aged 18-45, and 807 were female. 85.6% of the participants have been using smartphones for at least 3 years and 77.3% of all participants use smartphones for more than 4 hours a day. According to the SAS scale, 34.8% of the participants had smartphone addiction. Smartphone addiction is higher especially in those who have a sedentary life or individuals with neck disabilities (p = 0.005; p < 0.001 respectively). No significant difference was found between body awareness and smartphone addiction (p = 0.380). However, body awareness scores were higher in the group without smartphone addiction. There was a significant difference between the groups in terms of the SAS, BAS, NDI, and SBQ scores in the participants classified by smartphone usage time. CONCLUSION Female gender, daily usage of a smartphone for more than 4 hours a day, having a smartphone for at least 3 years, presence of sedentary behavior, and neck disability were the factors affecting smartphone addiction in young people. No relationship was found between body awareness and smartphone addiction. Further studies on the awareness of the effects of intensive smartphone usage on the body should be conducted among young people in Turkey.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aysun Yağci Şentürk
- Trabzon University, Tonya Vocational School of Higher Education, Department of Health Care Services, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Ali Ceylan
- Karamanoglu Mehmetbey University, Vocational School of Health Services / Department of Therapy and Rehabilitation, Karaman, Turkey
| | - Elif Okur
- Trabzon University, Tonya Vocational School of Higher Education, Department of Health Care Services, Trabzon, Turkey
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Lu X, An X, Chen S. Trends and Influencing Factors in Problematic Smartphone Use Prevalence (2012-2022): A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. CYBERPSYCHOLOGY, BEHAVIOR AND SOCIAL NETWORKING 2024. [PMID: 38979617 DOI: 10.1089/cyber.2023.0548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Given that problematic smartphone use (PSU) has been researched for a long time, it becomes necessary to assess how the trends of PSU prevalence have evolved over time. In total, 106 articles from 2012 to 2022 with 109 studies covering 97,748 individuals were included in this systematic review and meta-analysis. The estimation of the global pooled PSU prevalence was 37.1% (95% confidence interval, 33.5 - 40.8%) and the PSU prevalence is growing over time in total. Although the PSU prevalence exhibited wide variation between regions and measurement scales, the increasing trend remained. In addition, the regression slope of the PSU prevalence trend in males was higher than that in females. Males initially had a lower prevalence of PSU than females, but this steadily changed over time until it was greater in males than in females. Moreover, the prevalence of PSU showed an increasing trend across all age groups, with a faster growth rate in the older age group. Considering the aforementioned results, it's necessary to implement proper interventions to do with this phenomenon. In addition, considering the differences in prevalence brought by regions, and measurement scales, in practice and research, we should not only take into account the disparities of PSU between countries or cultures, but also to concern about establishing unified standard and measurement tools to confirm it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoshan Lu
- Department of Psychology, School of Educational Science, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xianli An
- Department of Psychology, School of Educational Science, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Siguang Chen
- Department of Psychology, School of Educational Science, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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Li T, Chen Y, Xie Y, Tao S, Zou L, Yang Y, Tao F, Wu X. Moderating effects of PER3 gene DNA methylation on the association between problematic mobile phone use and chronotype among Chinese young adults: Focus on gender differences. J Behav Addict 2024; 13:554-564. [PMID: 38829707 PMCID: PMC11220799 DOI: 10.1556/2006.2024.00027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate the rates of problematic mobile phone use (PMPU) and chronotypes in young adults, and examine the associations of PMPU with chronotypes, as well as its gender differences. Furthermore, we explored the moderating role of PER3 gene DNA methylation on the associations. Methods From April to May 2019, a total of 1,179 young adults were selected from 2 universities in Anhui and Jiangxi provinces. The Self-rating Questionnaire for Adolescent Problematic Mobile Phone Use (SQAPMPU) and reduced Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (rMEQ) were adopted to investigate PMPU and chronotypes in young adults, respectively. Moreover, 744 blood samples were collected to measure PER3 gene DNA methylation. Multivariate logistic regression models were established to analyze the associations between PMPU and chronotypes. Moderating analysis was used to determine whether PER3 gene DNA methylation moderated the relationships between PMPU and chronotypes. Results The prevalence of PMPU, morning chronotypes (M-types), neutral chronotypes (N-types), and evening chronotypes (E-types) of young adults were 24.6%, 18.4%, 71.1%, and 10.5%, respectively. Multivariate logistic regression results indicated that PMPU was positively correlated with E-types (OR = 3.53, 95%CI: 2.08-6.00), and the association was observed only in females after stratified by gender (OR = 5.36, 95%CI: 2.70-10.67). Furthermore, PER3 gene DNA methylation has a negative moderating role between PMPU and chronotypes and has a sex-based difference. Conclusions This study can provide valuable information for the prevention and control of circadian rhythm disturbance among young adults from the perspective of epidemiology and biological etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Li
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Yuming Chen
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Yang Xie
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Shuman Tao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health Across the Life Course, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Liwei Zou
- MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health Across the Life Course, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Yajuan Yang
- School of Nursing, Anhui Medical University, 15 Feicui Road, Hefei 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Fangbiao Tao
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health Across the Life Course, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wu
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health Across the Life Course, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
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Su S, Cousijn J, Molenaar D, Freichel R, Larsen H, Wiers RW. From everyday life to measurable problematic smartphone use: The development and validation of the Smartphone Use Problems Identification Questionnaire (SUPIQ). J Behav Addict 2024; 13:506-524. [PMID: 38635334 PMCID: PMC11220805 DOI: 10.1556/2006.2024.00010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and aims Problematic smartphone use (PSU) has gained attention, but its definition remains debated. This study aimed to develop and validate a new scale measuring PSU-the Smartphone Use Problems Identification Questionnaire (SUPIQ). Methods Using two separate samples, a university community sample (N = 292) and a general population sample (N = 397), we investigated: (1) the construct validity of the SUPIQ through exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses; (2) the convergent validity of the SUPIQ with correlation analyses and the visualized partial correlation network analyses; (3) the psychometric equivalence of the SUPIQ across two samples through multigroup confirmatory factor analyses; (4) the explanatory power of the SUPIQ over the Short Version of Smartphone Addiction Scale (SAS-SV) with hierarchical multiple regressions. Results The results showed that the SUPIQ included 26 items and 7 factors (i.e., Craving, Coping, Habitual Use, Social Conflicts, Risky Use, Withdrawal, and Tolerance), with good construct and convergent validity. The configural measurement invariance across samples was established. The SUPIQ also explained more variances in mental health problems than the SAS-SV. Discussion and conclusions The findings suggest that the SUPIQ shows promise as a tool for assessing PSU. Further research is needed to enhance and refine the SUPIQ as well as to investigate its clinical utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Su
- Addiction Development and Psychopathology (ADAPT)-Lab, Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Janna Cousijn
- Addiction Development and Psychopathology (ADAPT)-Lab, Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Neuroscience of Addiction Lab, Department of Psychology, Education & Child Studies, Erasmus University Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dylan Molenaar
- Psychological Methods, Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - René Freichel
- Addiction Development and Psychopathology (ADAPT)-Lab, Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Helle Larsen
- Addiction Development and Psychopathology (ADAPT)-Lab, Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Reinout W. Wiers
- Addiction Development and Psychopathology (ADAPT)-Lab, Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Centre for Urban Mental Health, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Li N, Fu L, Yang H, Zhao W, Wang X, Yan Y, Fu Y. The relationship between mobile phone dependence and academic burnout in Chinese college students: a moderated mediator model. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1382264. [PMID: 38827446 PMCID: PMC11140007 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1382264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to examine the correlation between the level of mobile phone dependence among college students and their experience of academic burnout. Additionally, the study sought to explore the potential mediating effect of study engagement and the moderating role of love. Methods During October and December 2023, a cross-sectional study measuring mobile phone dependence, academic burnout, and study engagement among Chinese college students, using the UtrechtWork Engagement Scale-student (UWES-S), College Student Mobile Phone Dependence Questionnaire (CSMPDQ), and Academic Burnout Questionnaire (ABQ). To examine the hypothesis of mediating and moderating effect, SPSS PROCESS was utilized. Results The predictive effect of mobile phone dependence on academic burnout was significant (β = 0.410, t = 14.236, p < 0.001), and the predictive effect of mobile phone dependence on academic burnout remained significant when the mediating variable study engagement was introduced (β = 0.308, t = 10.288, p < 0.001), mobile phone dependence had a significant predictive effect on study engagement (β = -0.292, t = -11.639, p < 0.001), and study engagement had a significant positive predictive effect on academic burnout (β = -0.270, t = -9.028, p < 0.001). Love significantly negatively predicted study engagement (β = -0.564, t = -9.641, p < 0.001); and the interaction term for mobile phone dependence and love was significant (β = -0.211, t = -3.688, p < 0.001), indicating a significant moderating effect of love between mobile phone dependence and study engagement. Conclusion Mobile phones among college students has been found to have a direct correlation with academic burnout. It can also indirectly contribute to academic burnout by diminishing levels of academic engagement. This indirect relationship is further influenced by love. These findings can help researchers and educators better understand the underlying mechanisms between smartphone dependence and learning burnout in undergraduates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Yingchun Yan
- School of Mental Health, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Yangyang Fu
- School of Mental Health, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
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Balint NT, Antohe BA, Uysal HS, Cristuță AM, Rață M. Relationship between Spinal Range of Motion and Functional Tests in University Students: The Role of Demographic Factors. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:1029. [PMID: 38786439 PMCID: PMC11121651 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12101029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Spinal disorders are some of the most prevalent health concerns, especially among students. Based on student demographics, this cross-sectional study evaluated the correlation between functional tests (FTs) and spinal range of motion (ROM). This study included 206 students (age = 19.85 ± 1.80 years) from the Vasile Alecsandri University of Bacău. Participants' assessments were conducted using the following tests: (i) Ott, (ii) Schober, (iii) Stibor, (iv) finger-to-floor distance, (v) lateral flexion of the cervical and lumbar spine, and (vi) flexion of the cervical spine. Correlation analyses were evaluated using the Spearman correlation coefficient analysis. The results indicated a very strong relationship between lateral flexion of the lumbar spine on the left (LFLSL) and right (LFLSR) for all departments (r = 0.85 to 0.97, p < 0.05). There was a stronger relationship between FT results and spinal ROM for physical-education-department students compared to students from other departments (n = 17, r = -0.38 to 0.93, p < 0.05). There was no statistically significant correlation between FTs and spinal ROM based on age (p > 0.05). The study results provide evidence of the primary risk factors that predispose students to postural deviations. Practitioners and physiotherapists can utilize these values as a reference for potential therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nela Tatiana Balint
- Faculty of Movement, Sports and Health Science, “Vasile Alecsandri” University of Bacău, 600115 Bacău, Romania; (N.T.B.); (M.R.)
| | - Bogdan Alexandru Antohe
- Faculty of Movement, Sports and Health Science, “Vasile Alecsandri” University of Bacău, 600115 Bacău, Romania; (N.T.B.); (M.R.)
| | - Huseyin Sahin Uysal
- Faculty of Sport Science, Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, 15500 Burdur, Turkey;
| | - Alina Mihaela Cristuță
- Faculty of Movement, Sports and Health Science, “Vasile Alecsandri” University of Bacău, 600115 Bacău, Romania; (N.T.B.); (M.R.)
| | - Marinela Rață
- Faculty of Movement, Sports and Health Science, “Vasile Alecsandri” University of Bacău, 600115 Bacău, Romania; (N.T.B.); (M.R.)
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Zhu C, Jiang Y, Lei H, Wang H, Zhang C. The relationship between short-form video use and depression among Chinese adolescents: Examining the mediating roles of need gratification and short-form video addiction. Heliyon 2024; 10:e30346. [PMID: 38707427 PMCID: PMC11066677 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Short-form video apps, such as TikTok, have become popular worldwide. Compared to traditional social media, they have powerful push algorithms and are more entertaining, which might lead to some negative effects. Research has attempted to identify the relationship between short-form video use and depression, but the processes mechanism underly the relationship was few in number. The present study explored the association between short-form video use and depression among Chinese adolescents and analyzed the mediating roles of need gratification and short-form video addiction. The participants included 1302 senior high school students (Mage = 16.03, SD = 0.76, 42.6 % boys). And a structure equation model with chain mediating was established using Mplus. The results showed (1) a direct association between short-form video use and adolescent depression, (2) that entertainment need gratification, social-related need gratification, and short-form video addiction acted as chain mediating factors, and (3) no gender difference in the model. The present study's findings revealed the important mediating role of addictive behavior between normal use behavior and depression and suggested that preventative and interventional plans based on need gratification should be developed to reduce short-form video addiction and improve mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengwei Zhu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Assessment for Basic Education Quality, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Yiru Jiang
- School of Education science, Shangrao Normal University, Jiangxi, China
| | - Hanning Lei
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Assessment for Basic Education Quality, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Haitao Wang
- Teaching Center of Fundamental Courses, Ocean University of China, Shandong, China
| | - Cai Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Assessment for Basic Education Quality, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
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Narbutaitienė J, Björklund Carlstedt A, Fischl C. Stroke survivors' experiences and meaning of digital technology in daily life: a phenomenological study. Disabil Rehabil Assist Technol 2024; 19:1334-1342. [PMID: 36740734 DOI: 10.1080/17483107.2023.2174605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of the study was to explore the experiences and meaning of digital technology in daily life by stroke survivors. MATERIALS AND METHODS A phenomenological study design helped to collect rich and in-depth understanding of stroke survivors' experiences and meaning of digital technology in their daily life and their perspective of applying digital technology in the implementation of stroke-related telerehabilitation services. Thematic analysis was used for data analysis. FINDINGS An overarching theme emerged: A spectrum of challenges, personal preferences, strategies to manage, and attitudes towards the use of digital technology in daily life. CONCLUSION The findings revealed that participants' different experiences influenced their perceived meaning of digital technology in daily life and the interest to participate in telerehabilitation services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justina Narbutaitienė
- Haapsalu Neurological Rehabilitation Centre, Haapsalu, Estonia
- Department of Rehabilitation, Astangu Vocational Rehabilitation Centre, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Anita Björklund Carlstedt
- School of Health and Welfare, A.D.U.L.T. Research Group, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden
- Department of Rehabilitation, School of Health and Welfare, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden
| | - Caroline Fischl
- Department of Rehabilitation, School of Health and Welfare, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden
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Zimmermann E, Tomczyk S. Fostering Digital Life Skills Through Social Media With Adolescents in 6 German States: Protocol for an Accessibility Study According to the RE-AIM Framework. JMIR Res Protoc 2024; 13:e51085. [PMID: 38631035 PMCID: PMC11063895 DOI: 10.2196/51085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Social media is essential in the lives of adolescents, with 97% of US teenagers engaging daily. While it facilitates communication, learning, and identity development, it also poses risks like harmful content exposure and psychological distress, particularly for adolescents in their critical developmental stage. Teaching digital life skills innovatively counters these risks, adapting traditional competencies such as decision-making, problem-solving, creative and critical thinking, communication, interpersonal skills, self-awareness, empathy, and emotional and stress management to digital challenges. OBJECTIVE This study evaluates the accessibility of the "leduin" program, a novel intervention designed to impart digital life skills through Instagram. The program aims to leverage social media's educational potential, focusing on effective strategies to engage adolescents. Emphasizing accessibility is crucial, as it determines the program's overall impact. METHODS The leduin program, developed through intervention mapping, applies behavior change techniques via social media for 9th and 10th graders. It is a 14-week spaced learning curriculum with daily sessions <5 minutes. Emphasizing the "reach" aspect of the reach, effectiveness, adoption, implementation, and maintenance (RE-AIM) model, the recruitment targets diverse educational settings across 6 German states, aiming for inclusivity. Recruitment will involve schools, youth centers, and therapeutic facilities. The study seeks at least 128 participants, a calculated minimum to detect medium-sized effects in the quasi-experimental design and explore varying engagement levels and program responses. Data collection includes preintervention, postintervention, and 6-month follow-up surveys, using multilevel regression, latent growth models, and qualitative analysis to extensively assess reach and gain first insights on effectiveness, acceptance, implementation, and maintenance. The study aims to reveal key factors influencing program participation and interaction; a detailed analysis of engagement patterns will reveal the effectiveness of the recruitment strategies and barriers to participation. Additionally, initial indications of the program's impact on life skills, social media-related skills, health status, risk behaviors, and academic performance will be analyzed. RESULTS Recruitment was planned from May 2023 until the beginning of the leduin program in October 2023. As of March 2024, we have recruited 283 participants. CONCLUSIONS The leduin program stands as an innovative and essential initiative in adolescent health promotion, harnessing the power of social media to teach important digital life skills. This study highlights the critical role of accessibility in the success of social media interventions. Effective adolescent engagement strategies are imperative, as they dictate the overall impact of such interventions. The insights gained from this study will be instrumental in shaping future programs, laying groundwork for a subsequent, more comprehensive cluster-randomized controlled trial. The study's design acknowledges the limitations of the current quasi-experimental approach, including the anticipated sample size and the absence of a control group, and aims to provide a foundational understanding for future research in this field. TRIAL REGISTRATION Deutsches Register Klinischer Studien DRKS00032308; https://drks.de/search/de/trial/DRKS00032308. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) PRR1-10.2196/51085.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Zimmermann
- Institute for Health Psychology, Department of Psychology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Samuel Tomczyk
- Institute for Health Psychology, Department of Psychology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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Bai H, Liu J, Bai W, Cao T. Social pressures and their impact on smartphone use stickiness and use habit among adolescents. Heliyon 2024; 10:e29111. [PMID: 38601604 PMCID: PMC11004883 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Excessive smartphone use has become a growing issue among adolescents as they develop mentally and socially. While researchers have examined individual and technological predictors of smartphone addiction, few studies consider broader societal influences. This study explored how social pressures such as mimicry, coercion, and norms impact persistent conscious smartphone use (use stickiness) and unconscious smartphone use (use habit). A survey was administered in two phases to 309 college students at a university in Southern China to gather data on perceptions of social influences and their degree of smartphone overuse. The relationships were analysed using a structural equation model. The study confirms the impact of three social pressures - mimetic, coercive and normative - on adolescents' degree of smartphone overuse (use stickiness and use habit). The mimetic pressure positively impacted use stickiness but not use habit. The coercive pressure positively impacted both the use stickiness and the use habit. The normative pressure positively impacted use habit but not use stickiness. This study provides a novel perspective on overlooked social drivers of problematic smartphone tendencies among youth. Our study also provides insights for educators, parents, and policymakers to more effectively intervene in adolescent smartphone overuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiqing Bai
- School of Journalism and Communication, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Jiatong Liu
- School of Journalism and Communication, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Wenshi Bai
- Malden Catholic High School, Malden, MA 02148, USA
| | - Ting Cao
- School of Management, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
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Bacil EDA, da Silva MP, Martins RV, da Costa CG, de Campos W. Exposure to Smartphones and Tablets, Physical Activity and Sleep in Children From 5 to 10 Years Old: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Am J Health Promot 2024:8901171241242556. [PMID: 38587808 DOI: 10.1177/08901171241242556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to verify the association between smartphone/tablet exposure and physical activity and sleep in children from 5 to 10 years old. Data Source: This study followed the guidelines of PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) and included studies that met eligibility criteria based on the "PECO" strategy: participants (children from 5 to 10 years old), exposure (smartphone and tablet use), and outcome (physical activity and sleep). STUDY INCLUSION AND EXCLUSION CRITERIA The inclusion criteria were observational studies published in indexed scientific journals and written in Portuguese, English, and Spanish that verified the association of exposure to smartphones/tablets with physical activity and sleep in children aged 5 to 10 years of both sexes. Studies were considered eligible only if they met the previous criteria. Data Extraction: The search was conducted in January 2023 on databases from electronic journals without the restriction of the period. To meta-analyze were extracted and grouped using models of fixed and random effects, the coefficients Odds Ratio (OR), Beta (β), Standard Error (SE), and Confidence Intervals of 95% (95%CI). Data Synthesis: 2396 potentially relevant papers were identified, and 17 met the inclusion criteria. RESULTS It can be verified that there was an inverse association between smartphones with physical activity and sleep. Studies indicate that for every additional hour of smartphone and tablet use, sleep can be expected to decrease by an average of 11 minutes (β = - 0.11; 95%CI = -0.13; -0.09). Children using smartphones and tablets were 1.79 times (OR = 1.79; 95%CI = 1.72-1.86) more likely to have shorter sleep duration and 1.53 times (OR = 1.53; 95%CI = 1.41-1.65) more likely to have worse sleep quality. Children with shorter smartphone and tablet usage were 1.19 times more likely to be active (OR = 1.19; 95% CI = 1.03-1.37). CONCLUSION Children of 5 to 10 years who are more often exposed to smartphones and tablets are prone to have worse quality and quantity of sleep, as well as less practice of physical activity. Health promotion actions can be encouraged based on the results, aiming to reduce the use time of these devices and improve children's health and quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Wagner de Campos
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Paraná, Brazil
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13
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Noh D, Shim MS. Factors influencing smartphone overdependence among adolescents. Sci Rep 2024; 14:7725. [PMID: 38565892 PMCID: PMC10987605 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-58152-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Adolescents are particularly vulnerable to smartphone overdependence. Therefore, we identified the factors influencing smartphone overdependence and risk subgroups among adolescents. The current study is a secondary analysis of nationally representative data from the 2020 Korea Youth Risk Behavior Survey. The survey targeted middle- and high-school students in South Korea aged 12-18 using stratified, clustered, multistage probability sampling, and 53,457 students from 793 schools participated in this study. Complex sample data were analyzed considering the strata, clusters, and weights. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed age, gender, household economic status, anxiety, loneliness, depressive symptoms, and experience of violent treatment as significant predictors of smartphone overdependence. Adolescents with severe anxiety were at a 3.326 times higher risk of smartphone overdependence than adolescents with minimal anxiety. Decision tree analysis showed that anxiety, gender, loneliness, and depressive symptoms were important in differentiating risk subgroups, with anxiety being the most significant factor. Group 13, comprising girls with severe anxiety, had the highest risk at 52.9%. Thus, early detection and prevention of issues such as anxiety, loneliness, and depressive symptoms, as well as treatment for violence, can prevent smartphone overdependence among adolescents. Additionally, more thorough interventions for anxiety are warranted to prevent smartphone overdependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dabok Noh
- College of Nursing, Eulji University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-So Shim
- College of Nursing, Keimyung University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.
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14
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Nathani HR, Phansopkar P. Effectiveness of Tailor-Made Physiotherapy Protocol in Smartphone-Addicted Individuals With Text Neck Syndrome and Short Message Service (SMS) Thumb. Cureus 2024; 16:e57453. [PMID: 38699099 PMCID: PMC11064880 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.57453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Smartphone usage has led to an increase in text neck syndrome (TNS) and short message service (SMS) thumb, causing neck, shoulder, and thumb pain, affecting daily activities. Limited treatment options are available for these conditions, and early intervention is crucial to prevent chronic pain and musculoskeletal issues. This study sought to determine the impact of a personalized physiotherapy treatment plan on alleviating TNS and SMS thumb in individuals who demonstrate excessive smartphone usage. Method The study utilized a single-group, pre- and post-study design with a sample size of 54 smartphone-addicted individuals. The intervention involved a personalized physiotherapy protocol for three weeks, and data was collected using a visual analog scale (VAS), Neck Disability Index (NDI), Smartphone Addiction Scale (SAS), Cornell Hand Discomfort Questionnaire (CHDQ), and range of motion (ROM). Results Descriptive statistics showed a significant reduction in mean scores from pre- to post-rehabilitation, indicating the potential effectiveness of the treatment. Hypothesis testing revealed significant improvements in VAS, NDI, and CHDQ scores post-rehabilitation, with a p-value of <0.05. Correlation analysis demonstrated moderate to strong correlations between pre- and post-rehabilitation scores for VAS, NDI, and CHDQ, with age showing minimal influence on treatment outcomes. Conclusion The findings emphasize the efficacy of personalized interventions in addressing smartphone-related musculoskeletal disorders and underscore the need for further research to optimize treatment protocols and long-term outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harsh R Nathani
- Musculoskeletal Physiotherapy, Ravi Nair Physiotherapy College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Pratik Phansopkar
- Musculoskeletal Physiotherapy, Ravi Nair Physiotherapy College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
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15
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Zhang L, Wang W, Wang X, Yuan X, Luo Y, Wu M, Ma L. The relationship between mobile phone addiction and non-suicidal self-injury: Findings from six universities in Shaanxi province, China. J Affect Disord 2024; 349:472-478. [PMID: 38199399 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.01.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the development and application of mobile phones have changed various aspects of people's lives, excessive use of mobile phones has also raised physical and mental health concerns. However, the relationship between mobile phone addiction (MPA) and non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) is unclear. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted (2022) among students from six universities to assess the relationship between MPA and NSSI. A Mobile Phone Addiction Tendency Scale (MPATS) was used to assess MPA, while NSSI was assessed via The Ottawa Self-Injury Inventory. Binary logistic regression models were used to assess the relationship between MPA and NSSI. RESULTS A total of 18,723 college students (6531 males [34.9 %] and 12,192 females [65.1 %]) were included in the final analyses. The prevalence of NSSI during the past 12 months was 6.5 %. Furthermore, 5553 participants (29.7 %) met the MPA criteria (MPATS score ≥ 48), and the average MPATS score was 39.5 ± 13.0. MPA was associated with increased odds of NSSI after adjusting for socio-demographic characteristics, health-related characteristics, and relevant psychosocial variables (OR, 1.29; 95 % CI, 1.13-1.46). Moreover, gender did not affect the association of MPA and MPATS score with NSSI (P for interaction>0.05). The restricted cubic splines regression showed that a monotonically increasing risk of NSSI was associated with increasing MPATS score (P for non-linearity = 0.474). CONCLUSIONS MPA is associated with increased odds of NSSI among college students, indicating that early examination, prevention, and intervention for MPA may prevent and control NSSI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, China; Shaanxi Medical Association, Xi'an 710003, China; Shaanxi Provincial Health Industry Association Service Center, Xian 710003, China
| | - Wenhua Wang
- Shaanxi Provincial Health Industry Association Service Center, Xian 710003, China
| | - Xue Wang
- Shaanxi Medical Association, Xi'an 710003, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Yuan
- Shaanxi Provincial Health Industry Association Service Center, Xian 710003, China
| | - Yi Luo
- Shaanxi Provincial Health Industry Association Service Center, Xian 710003, China
| | - Mingyang Wu
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China.
| | - Le Ma
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, China.
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16
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Kobayashi N, Jitoku D, Mochimatsu R, Hamamura T, Honjo M, Takagi S, Sugihara G, Takahashi H. Treatment readiness and prognosis for problematic smartphone use: Evaluation of the Stages of Change, Readiness, and Treatment Eagerness Scale (SOCRATES) and log data. PCN REPORTS : PSYCHIATRY AND CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCES 2024; 3:e172. [PMID: 38868469 PMCID: PMC11114430 DOI: 10.1002/pcn5.172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Aim While moderate smartphone use contributes to information gathering and relationship building, excessive smartphone use, also referred to as problematic smartphone use (PSU), has raised concerns because of its addictive nature and associated health consequences. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between treatment readiness and prognosis in individuals with PSU and to assess the predictive ability of smartphone log data in evaluating treatment readiness. Methods A sample of 47 patients with PSU participated in this study. Treatment readiness was assessed using the Stages of Change, Readiness, and Treatment Eagerness Scale (SOCRATES), and log data were collected using a smartphone log application. Results The results showed a significant correlation between baseline SOCRATES scores and the difference in Global Assessment of Functioning scores between baseline and 6 months (Spearman's ρ = 0.640, P-value = .001), suggesting that treatment readiness may explain part of the treatment outcomes (Pearson's r 2 = 0.379, P-value = 0.032). In addition, baseline log data, including the log acquisition rate, showed a positive correlation with treatment readiness (Spearman's ρ = 0.328, P-value = 0.045). Conclusion These findings provide valuable insights into the relationship between treatment readiness and clinical outcomes in patients with PSU, and suggest the potential of log data as objective indicators of treatment motivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanase Kobayashi
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental SciencesTokyo Medical and Dental UniversityTokyoJapan
- Joint Research Department of Cyberpsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental SciencesTokyo Medical and Dental UniversityTokyoJapan
| | - Daisuke Jitoku
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental SciencesTokyo Medical and Dental UniversityTokyoJapan
- Joint Research Department of Cyberpsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental SciencesTokyo Medical and Dental UniversityTokyoJapan
| | - Ryoko Mochimatsu
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental SciencesTokyo Medical and Dental UniversityTokyoJapan
| | | | | | - Shunsuke Takagi
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental SciencesTokyo Medical and Dental UniversityTokyoJapan
| | - Genichi Sugihara
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental SciencesTokyo Medical and Dental UniversityTokyoJapan
| | - Hidehiko Takahashi
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental SciencesTokyo Medical and Dental UniversityTokyoJapan
- Center for Brain Integration ResearchTokyo Medical and Dental UniversityTokyoJapan
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17
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Feng B, Dou G. Depression and Smartphone Addiction Among College Students: The Mediating Effect of Emotional Exhaustion. ALPHA PSYCHIATRY 2024; 25:269-276. [PMID: 38798817 PMCID: PMC11117419 DOI: 10.5152/alphapsychiatry.2024.231496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Objective Multiple studies claim that depression was a triggering factor for smartphone addiction among college students. But we still know very little about the underlying mechanisms of smartphone addiction. The aim was to shed light on the underlying mechanisms of smartphone addiction from the perspective of depression and emotional exhaustion, to provide alternative paths for university administrators to address smartphone addiction among college students. Methods A total of 2764 Chinese college students participated in the survey. They independently filled out self-assessment questionnaires including the Cell Phone Addiction Scale, Beck Depression Inventory II, and Emotional Exhaustion Scale. Subsequently, mediation analysis was conducted using the PROCESS macro developed by Hayes (v 4.0; Model 4). Results Statistical analysis showed that depression was positively correlated with emotional exhaustion and smartphone addiction, emotional exhaustion was positively correlated with smartphone addiction, all of which were statistically significant. In addition, the effect of depression on smartphone addiction among college students was partially mediated by emotional exhaustion. Conclusion The impact of depression and emotional exhaustion on smartphone addiction had been preliminarily explored, which had certain value for further understanding of smartphone addiction among college students. This study could provide references for universities to develop intervention measures for smartphone addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoan Feng
- Quzhou University, College of Teacher Education, Zhejiang, China
| | - Gaojie Dou
- Quzhou University, College of Foreign Languages and International Education, Zhejiang, China
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18
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Di Martino G, della Valle C, Centorbi M, Buonsenso A, Fiorilli G, Calcagno G, Iuliano E, di Cagno A. Enhancing Behavioural Changes: A Narrative Review on the Effectiveness of a Multifactorial APP-Based Intervention Integrating Physical Activity. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 21:233. [PMID: 38397722 PMCID: PMC10888703 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph21020233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
The rapid evolution of technologies is a key innovation in the organisation and management of physical activities (PA) and sports. The increase in benefits and opportunities related to the adoption of technologies for both the promotion of a healthy lifestyle and the management of chronic diseases is evident. In the field of telehealth, these devices provide personalised recommendations, workout monitoring and injury prevention. The study aimed to provide an overview of the landscape of technology application to PA organised to promote active lifestyles and improve chronic disease management. This review identified specific areas of focus for the selection of articles: the utilisation of mobile APPs and technological devices for enhancing weight loss, improving cardiovascular health, managing diabetes and cancer and preventing osteoporosis and cognitive decline. A multifactorial intervention delivered via mobile APPs, which integrates PA while managing diet or promoting social interaction, is unquestionably more effective than a singular intervention. The main finding related to promoting PA and a healthy lifestyle through app usage is associated with "behaviour change techniques". Even when individuals stop using the APP, they often maintain the structured or suggested lifestyle habits initially provided by the APP. Various concerns regarding the excessive use of APPs need to be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Di Martino
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy; (G.D.M.); (C.d.V.); (M.C.); (A.B.); (G.F.)
| | - Carlo della Valle
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy; (G.D.M.); (C.d.V.); (M.C.); (A.B.); (G.F.)
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement, University of Verona, 37129 Verona, Italy
| | - Marco Centorbi
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy; (G.D.M.); (C.d.V.); (M.C.); (A.B.); (G.F.)
| | - Andrea Buonsenso
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy; (G.D.M.); (C.d.V.); (M.C.); (A.B.); (G.F.)
| | - Giovanni Fiorilli
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy; (G.D.M.); (C.d.V.); (M.C.); (A.B.); (G.F.)
| | - Giuseppe Calcagno
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy; (G.D.M.); (C.d.V.); (M.C.); (A.B.); (G.F.)
| | - Enzo Iuliano
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, 70103 Ostrava, Czech Republic;
- Faculty of Psychology, eCampus University, 22060 Novedrate, Italy
| | - Alessandra di Cagno
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome “Foro Italico”, 00135 Rome, Italy;
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Kim SH, Kim YH, Lee CH, Lee Y. Smartphone usage and overdependence risk among middle-aged and older adults: a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:413. [PMID: 38331734 PMCID: PMC10854068 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-17873-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have predominantly focused on smartphone overdependence among adolescents and young adults. However, as smartphone usage has recently surged among South Korean middle-aged and older adults, the risk of smartphone overdependence cannot be overlooked among this population. Therefore, this study was conducted to examine the smartphone usage pattern and the associated risk of overdependence in this specific age group. METHODS The data for individuals who aged 50 or older were extracted from the dataset of a nationwide survey, "The Survey on Smartphone Overdependence, 2021," and the usage of each type of smartphone content and risk of smartphone overdependence among individuals in their 50 s and 60 s were investigated. Age-group-based differences in demographic characteristics, Smartphone Overdependence Scale scores, self-awareness of smartphone overdependence, digital literacy, and psychosocial factors were analyzed. Additionally, a multivariable logistic regression analysis was conducted to explore the factors associated with the potential-to-high risk of smartphone overdependence in both age groups. RESULTS Individuals in their 50s had significantly higher digital literacy, social relations, life satisfaction, and smartphone overdependence scores than those in their 60s, and the percentage of individuals in the high-risk group was also higher in the 50s age group. For both age groups, the most used content was "messenger," "news," and "movies/TV/videos," whereas the least used content was e-learning, gambling, and adult content. The multivariable analysis indicated that, for individuals in their 50s, having a lower educational level was associated with significantly higher odds, whereas having a job and utilizing e-commerce-related contents on smartphone were associated with significantly lower odds of potential-to-high risk for smartphone overdependence. Concerning individuals in their 60s, having a lower educational level and using adult content or gambling were significantly associated with higher odds of potential-to-high risk for smartphone overdependence. CONCLUSION This study reveals the risk of smartphone overdependence among middle-aged and older adults in South Korea as well as the associated risk factors. This will assist policymakers in developing policies for the appropriate use of smartphones by these age groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Hyun Kim
- Pukyong National University, Industry-University Cooperation Foundation, #45 Yongso-Ro, Nam-Gu, Busan, # 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Hoon Kim
- Department of Marine Sports, College of Information Technology and Convergence, Pukyong National University, #45 Youngso-Ro, Nam-Gu, Busan, # 48513, Republic of Korea.
| | - Chang-Hyung Lee
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, #20 Keumoro, Mulgeum, Yangsan, Gyeongnam, # 50612, Republic of Korea.
| | - YounYoung Lee
- Woon-Gok Liberal Arts Education College, Halla University, 28 Halla University-Gil, Wonju-Si, Gangwondo, # 26404, Republic of Korea
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20
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Sweileh WM. Technology-based interventions for tobacco smoking prevention and treatment: a 20-year bibliometric analysis (2003-2022). Subst Abuse Treat Prev Policy 2024; 19:13. [PMID: 38321493 PMCID: PMC10848402 DOI: 10.1186/s13011-024-00595-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Substance abuse, particularly tobacco smoking, is a significant global public health concern. Efforts have been made to reduce smoking prevalence and promote cessation, but challenges, such as nicotine addiction, marketing tactics by tobacco industry, and cultural acceptability hinder progress. Technology has emerged as a potential tool to address these challenges by providing innovative scalable interventions. The objective of the study was to analyze and map scientific literature on technology-based intervention for tobacco prevention and treatment. METHODS A bibliometric methodology was conducted. Scopus database was used to retrieve relevant research articles published between 2003 and 2022. The analysis included publication trends, key contributors, research hotspots, research themes, the most impactful articles, and emerging research topics. RESULTS A total of 639 articles were found, with a slow and fluctuating growth pattern observed after 2011. The Journal of Medical Internet Research was the most prominent journal in the field. The United States was the leading country in the field, followed up by the United Kingdom, and the Netherlands. Research hotspots included smoking cessation, randomized controlled trials, and technology-based methods such as internet, mHealth, smartphone apps, text messages, and social media. Four primary research themes were identified: development of smartphone applications, efficacy of text messaging interventions, acceptance and effectiveness of smartphone applications, and interventions targeting young adults and students using mobile phone and social media platforms. The top 10 cited articles demonstrated effectiveness of digital interventions in promoting smoking cessation rates and reducing relapse rates. Emerging research topics included the use of virtual reality interventions, interventions for specific populations through personalized tools, and technology-based interventions in non-Western countries. CONCLUSIONS The findings of the current study highlight the potential of technology to address the challenges associated with tobacco smoking. Further future research in this area is warranted to continue advancing the field and developing effective and evidence-based interventions to combat tobacco smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waleed M Sweileh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine.
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21
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Sarhan AL. The relationship of smartphone addiction with depression, anxiety, and stress among medical students. SAGE Open Med 2024; 12:20503121241227367. [PMID: 38313469 PMCID: PMC10838039 DOI: 10.1177/20503121241227367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction An increasing amount of research has shown a link between psychopathological behaviors such as smartphone addiction, depression, anxiety, and stress. The aim of this study was to assess the association of smartphone addiction with depression, anxiety, and stress. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted between 26th January and 3rd March 2021. The sample was chosen using a convenient sampling technique and Raosoft tool. The survey assessed smartphone addiction using abbreviated versions of the Addiction Scale Short Version, a self-administered questionnaire that has been validated in the English and Arabic languages. Also, Depression and Anxiety Stress Scale was used to measure the level of depression, anxiety, and stress among the university students. Results A total of 367 university students from the Medical and Health Sciences College participated. Our findings showed that smartphone addiction exhibited positive correlations with depression (r = 0.375, p < 0.01), anxiety (r = 0.253, p < 0.01), and stress (r = 0.328, p < 0.05). In addition, there was a strong positive correlation between depression and both anxiety and stress (r = 0.731, p < 0.01) (r = 0.778, p < 0.01), respectively. Finally, stress and anxiety showed a positive correlation (r = 0.708, p < 0.01). Conclusion When combined, our data offer strong support for a bidirectional hybrid theory that takes into account the link between smartphone addiction and depression, anxiety, and stress. The current study's findings might assist national health authorities in strengthening their efforts to prevent depression, anxiety, and stress associated with the use of modern technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adnan Lutfi Sarhan
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
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22
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Meneses MDO, Andrade EMLR. Relationship between depression, anxiety, stress and smartphone addiction in COVID-19 nursing students. Rev Lat Am Enfermagem 2024; 32:e4056. [PMID: 38294052 PMCID: PMC10825894 DOI: 10.1590/1518-8345.6764.4056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE to verify the relationship between symptoms of depression, anxiety, stress and smartphone addiction in COVID-19 nursing students. METHOD this was a descriptive-analytical study of 206 nursing students. A sociodemographic characterization and smartphone use instrument adapted from the literature and the following scales Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale and Smartphone Addiction Inventory were used for data collection. Sociodemographic data and smartphone use were analyzed using descriptive statistics and the relationship between symptoms of depression, anxiety, stress and smartphone addiction was analyzed using multiple logistic regression. RESULTS the prevalence of smartphone addiction among nursing students was 129 (62.6%) and there was a relationship between symptoms of moderate depression (p=0.049), severe/very severe depression (p=0.005) and mild anxiety (p=0.028) and severe/very severe anxiety (p=0.019) and smartphone addiction. CONCLUSION the data show that the construction and implementation of smartphone use policies in the academic and hospital context to prevent smartphone addiction and control associated risk factors is necessary. BACKGROUND (1) High prevalence of smartphone addiction among nursing students. (2) There was a relationship between symptoms of depression, anxiety and smartphone addiction. (3) Nursing has a leading role in identifying and managing addictions. (4) A multidisciplinary approach to the prevention and management of smartphone addiction. (5) Smartphone addiction in nursing students is a new issue in Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilyse de Oliveira Meneses
- Universidade Federal do Piauí, Departamento de Enfermagem, Teresina, PI,
Brazil
- Scholarship holder at the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e
Tecnológico (CNPq), Brazil
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23
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Wang W, Wu M, Zhu Z, Ma L, Zhang L, Li H. Associations of mobile phone addiction with suicide ideation and suicide attempt: findings from six universities in China. Front Public Health 2024; 11:1338045. [PMID: 38312140 PMCID: PMC10834704 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1338045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Mobile phones are becoming indispensable for life and have changed various aspects of people's lives. The psychological impacts of excessive mobile phone use have emerged as an impressive problem among college students. However, little is known about the associations of mobile phone addiction with suicide ideation and suicide attempt. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted with students from six universities in 2022. We collected the socio-demographic characteristics, suicide ideation, suicide attempt, psychosocial factors (depressive symptoms, social support, sleep quality), and health-related characteristics (smoking, drinking, body mass index). Mobile phone addiction was ascertained by the Mobile Phone Addiction Tendency Scale (MPATS). The associations of mobile phone addiction with suicide ideation and suicide attempt were estimated using binary logistic regression and restricted cubic splines regression. Results A total of 18,723 college students [6,531 males (34.9%) and 12,192 females (65.1%)] were included in the final analysis. Eleven percent of participants had a history of suicide ideation, and 1.8% of participants had engaged in suicide attempt. A total of 5,553 students (29.7%) met the criteria of mobile phone addiction (MPATS score ≥48), and the average score on the MPATS was 39.5 ± 13.0. After adjustment for potential covariates, mobile phone addiction was significantly associated with increased odds of suicide ideation (OR, 1.70; 95% CI, 1.53-1.88) and suicide attempt (OR, 1.48; 95% CI, 1.18-1.86). Gender did not affect the associations of mobile phone addiction with suicide ideation and suicide attempt (P for interaction > 0.05). The restricted cubic splines regression displayed a nonlinear dose-response association between MPATS score and risk of suicide ideation (P for non-linearity < 0.001), while a monotonically increasing risk of suicide attempt was found to be associated with an increasing MPATS score (P for non-linearity = 0.420). Conclusions Mobile phone addiction is associated with suicide ideation and suicide attempt among college students. The findings indicate that early examination, prevention, and intervention for mobile phone addiction may benefit the prevent and control of suicide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhua Wang
- Department of Neonatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
- Shaanxi Provincial Health Industry Association Service Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Mingyang Wu
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhongliang Zhu
- Institute of Maternal and Infant health, Medical college of Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Le Ma
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Shaanxi Provincial Health Industry Association Service Center, Xi'an, China
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
- Shaanxi Medical Association, Xi'an, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Neonatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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Ke Y, Liu X, Xu X, He B, Wang J, Zuo L, Wang H, Yang G. Self-esteem mediates the relationship between physical activity and smartphone addiction of Chinese college students: a cross-sectional study. Front Psychol 2024; 14:1256743. [PMID: 38250119 PMCID: PMC10797096 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1256743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Smartphone addiction, as a key topic in the current field of behavioral addictions and public health, has brought many negative impacts on the physical, psychological, interpersonal communication, and even academic performance among contemporary college students. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to offer ideas for solving smartphone addiction among college students through investigating the potential mediating effect of self-esteem in the relationship between physical activity and smartphone addiction. Methods By the quota sampling, a cross-sectional study was conducted to investigate 650 college students from 10 colleges in Guangzhou Higher Mega Center, and several self-reported instruments including physical activity rating scale-3 (PARS-3), mobile phone addiction tendency scale (MPATS), self-esteem scale (SES) were used to collect the related data needed for the present study. The descriptive analysis, correlation analysis, hierarchical regression analysis, and mediating effect analysis in this study were performed in turn. Results The results showed that physical activity (r = -0.124, p < 0.01) and self-esteem (r = -0.360, p < 0.01) were all negatively correlated with smartphone addiction, and both could also significantly and negatively predict smartphone addiction. There was a positive correlation between physical activity and self-esteem (r = 0.084, p < 0.05), and self-esteem could be significantly predicted by physical activity. And more important, the relationship between physical activity and smartphone addiction could be partially mediated by self-esteem, and the indirect effect value was -0.346 (95% Boot CI = -0.695; -0.023), along with the mediating effect accounted for 24% of the total effect between physical activity and smartphone addiction. Conclusion The current study shows that physical activity could not only directly reduce smartphone addiction, but also decrease smartphone addiction by indirectly improving self-esteem, which is important in practice for solving this troublesome issue and then gradually developing a healthy behavior in daily life for college students in China, and even across the world in near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Ke
- School of Physical Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiuxia Liu
- Department of Physical Education, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Xue Xu
- School of Finance and Economy, Guangdong Engineering Polytechnic, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Bingchen He
- School of Physical Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jinfu Wang
- School of Physical Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Lijun Zuo
- School of Physical Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Haiyun Wang
- School of Physical Education, Guangzhou College of Commerce, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Guan Yang
- School of Physical Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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de Jesus Correia F, Soares JB, Dos Anjos Matos R, Pithon KR, Ferreira LN, de Assunção PL. Smartphone addiction, musculoskeletal pain and functionality in university students - a observational study. PSYCHOL HEALTH MED 2024; 29:286-296. [PMID: 36803275 DOI: 10.1080/13548506.2023.2176893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
Smartphone addiction and its excessive use could cause musculoskeletal symptoms such neck and upper limb pain. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between smartphone use and musculoskeletal pain in the upper limbs and neck, as well as to observe the relationship in between smartphone addiction and musculoskeletal pain and upper limb function in university students. It is a cross-sectional, analytical study. A total of 165 university students participated in the research. Each student had their own smartphone. The students answered a structured questionnaire about pain in the upper limbs and neck; the Smartphone Addiction Inventory (SPAI) and the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand questionnaire (DASH). Prevalence of neck and upper limb pain was 34.0%. Smartphone addiction and its use to play games and listen to music were risk factors to upper limb pain. Moreover, the smartphone addiction and age proved to be risk factors to neck pain. There was correlation between DASH and SPAI scores, and there was association between DASH score and neck and upper limb pain. Being of the female sex and smartphone addiction predicted the risk of incapacity development. We found association between neck and upper limb pain with smartphone addiction. Functional incapacity was associated to neck and upper limb pain. It was predicted by smartphone addiction and being of the female sex.
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Saad F, Eisenstadt M, Liverpool S, Carlsson C, Vainieri I. Self-Guided Mental Health Apps Targeting Racial and Ethnic Minority Groups: Scoping Review. JMIR Ment Health 2023; 10:e48991. [PMID: 38055315 PMCID: PMC10733819 DOI: 10.2196/48991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of mental health apps (MHAs) is increasing rapidly. However, little is known about the use of MHAs by racial and ethnic minority groups. OBJECTIVE In this review, we aimed to examine the acceptability and effectiveness of MHAs among racial and ethnic minority groups, describe the purposes of using MHAs, identify the barriers to MHA use in racial and ethnic minority groups, and identify the gaps in the literature. METHODS A systematic search was conducted on August 25, 2023, using Web of Science, Embase, PsycINFO, PsycArticles, PsycExtra, and MEDLINE. Articles were quality appraised using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool, and data were extracted and summarized to form a narrative synthesis. RESULTS A total of 15 studies met the inclusion criteria. Studies were primarily conducted in the United States, and the MHAs designed for racial and ethnic minority groups included ¡Aptívate!, iBobbly, AIMhi- Y, BRAVE, Build Your Own Theme Song, Mindful You, Sanadak, and 12 more MHAs used in 1 study. The MHAs were predominantly informed by cognitive behavioral therapy and focused on reducing depressive symptoms. MHAs were considered acceptable for racial and ethnic minority groups; however, engagement rates dropped over time. Only 2 studies quantitatively reported the effectiveness of MHAs among racial and ethnic minority groups. Barriers to use included the repetitiveness of the MHAs, stigma, lack of personalization, and technical issues. CONCLUSIONS Considering the growing interest in MHAs, the available evidence for MHAs for racial and ethnic minority groups appears limited. Although the acceptability seems consistent, more research is needed to support the effectiveness of MHAs. Future research should also prioritize studies to explore the specific needs of racial and ethnic minority groups if MHAs are to be successfully adopted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiby Saad
- Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, Division of Psychology and Language Sciences, University College London, Faculty of Brain Sciences, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mia Eisenstadt
- Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, Division of Psychology and Language Sciences, University College London, Faculty of Brain Sciences, London, United Kingdom
- Evidence Based Practice Unit, Anna Freud National Centre for Children and Families, London, United Kingdom
| | - Shaun Liverpool
- Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, Division of Psychology and Language Sciences, University College London, Faculty of Brain Sciences, London, United Kingdom
- Evidence Based Practice Unit, Anna Freud National Centre for Children and Families, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Social Work & Wellbeing, Edge Hill University, Faculty of Health, Social Care and Medicine, Ormskirk, United Kingdom
| | | | - Isabella Vainieri
- Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, Division of Psychology and Language Sciences, University College London, Faculty of Brain Sciences, London, United Kingdom
- Evidence Based Practice Unit, Anna Freud National Centre for Children and Families, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Psychology, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, Surrey, United Kingdom
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Cha JH, Choi YJ, Ryu S, Moon JH. Association between smartphone usage and health outcomes of adolescents: A propensity analysis using the Korea youth risk behavior survey. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0294553. [PMID: 38055658 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0294553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We aimed to investigate the association between smartphone use and adverse behavioral health outcomes using nationwide Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey data for 2017 and 2020. METHODS The 2020 data (N = 54,809) were used to analyze the relationships between daily smartphone usage time (non-user, 0-2 h [hour], 2-4 h, 4-6 h, 6-8 h, and > 8 h), and adverse health outcomes (stress, sleep, depression, suicide, substance use, and smartphone overdependence). A 1:1 propensity score matching (PSM) was used to control for confounding variables. RESULTS A total of 40,998 adolescents with < 4 h/day and > 4 h/day of usage were included. Adolescents' mean smartphone usage time in 2020 increased compared to that in 2017 (weighted % of > 2 h/day; 64.3% vs. 85.7%). The curvilinear relationships between smartphone usage time and adverse health outcomes were prominent after > 4 h/day. Adolescents using smartphones 2-4 h/day showed no increased adverse health outcomes compared to non-users, except for smartphone overdependence. Using a smartphone > 4 h/day was significantly associated with stress perception (1.16; 1.11-1.22), suicidal ideation (1.22; 1.13-1.31), and substance use (alcohol, 1.66; 1.57-1.75) after PSM. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrated the curvilinear relationship between smartphone usage time and adverse health outcomes in adolescents. Our findings can help establish smartphone usage guidelines for adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Ho Cha
- Department of Pediatrics, Hanyang University Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young-Jin Choi
- Department of Pediatrics, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Guri, Korea
| | - Soorack Ryu
- Biostatistical Consulting and Research Lab, Medical Research Collaborating Center, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin-Hwa Moon
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Tu Z, He J, Li Y, Wang Z, Wang C, Tian J, Tang Y. Can restricting while-in-bed smartphone use improve sleep quality via decreasing pre-sleep cognitive arousal among Chinese undergraduates with problematic smartphone use? Longitudinal mediation analysis using parallel process latent growth curve modeling. Addict Behav 2023; 147:107825. [PMID: 37542973 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2023.107825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Problematic smartphone use (PSU) has become a global public health problem. Excessive while-in-bed smartphone use may result in poor sleep quality. The present study aimed to examine whether restricting while-in-bed smartphone use can improve sleep quality and the mediating role of pre-sleep cognitive arousal in this process. METHODS A total 152 Chinese undergraduates with symptoms of PSU (Smartphone Addiction Scale-Short Version [SAS-SV] > 31) were recruited and randomly assigned to the intervention group (N = 76) and the control group (N = 76) for a 4-week follow-up experiment. Sleep quality (assessed by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index) and pre-sleep cognitive arousal (assessed by the Pre-sleep Arousal Scale-Cognitive Arousal) were measured at baselime, Week1, Week2, Week3, and Week4. The longitudinal mediation model was analyzed using parallel process latent growth curve modeling. The significance of indirect effect was tested by 95% biascorrected accelerated confidence intervals on the basis of 5000 bootstrap samples. RESULTS The initial level of sleep quality was positively associated with the initial level of pre-sleep cognitive arousal. The intervention decreased pre-sleep cognitive arousal and increased sleep quality. The slope of pre-sleep cognitive arousal was positively associated with the slope of sleep quality. The mediating effect of pre-sleep cognitive arousal was significant. DISCUSSION Restricting while-in-bed smartphone use can improve sleep quality via decreasing pre-sleep cognitive arousal among Chinese undergraduates with symptoms of PSU. These results suggests that restricting while-in-bed smartphone use is a potential remedy for sleep disturbance induced by PSU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihao Tu
- Navy Special Medical Center, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China; Qingdao Special Servicemen Recuperation Center of PLA Navy, Qingdao 266043, China
| | - Jingwen He
- Department of Medical Psychology, NO. 96110 Hospital, Yinchuan 750021, China; Department of Psychology, Naval Medical University, Shangahi 200433, China
| | - Yinan Li
- Department of Psychology, Naval Medical University, Shangahi 200433, China
| | - Ziying Wang
- Navy Special Medical Center, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology of Ministry of Education, Shangahi 200433, China
| | - Chuan Wang
- Navy Special Medical Center, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology of Ministry of Education, Shangahi 200433, China.
| | - Jianquan Tian
- Navy Special Medical Center, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Yunxiang Tang
- Department of Psychology, Naval Medical University, Shangahi 200433, China.
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Pan W, Ma Y, Long Y, Wang Y, Zhao Y. Self-control mediates the relationship between time perspective and mobile phone addiction in Chinese college students. PeerJ 2023; 11:e16467. [PMID: 38025696 PMCID: PMC10666608 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Mobile phone addiction (MPA) is a prevalent problem among college students, and Chinese college students are a high-risk group for smartphone addiction. MPA has a negative impact on the physical and mental health and academic performance of college students. Studies have explored the influence of many factors on MPA, such as the characteristics of the smartphone itself, the characteristics of the smartphone user, and the environment. However, to date, no studies have explored the protective and risk factors for MPA from the perspective of personality traits. From this perspective, this study explored the influence of time perspective and trait self-control on MPA to identify effective measures to prevent and intervene in MPA in college students. Methods The participants in this cross-sectional study were 526 Chinese college students. They completed the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory, the Self-Control Scale and the Mobile Phone Addiction Tendency Scale using an online questionnaire tool. Pearson correlation analysis was used to explore the relationships among time perspective, self-control and MPA. A latent variable mediation analysis of the structural equation model was used to examine the mediating role of self-control in the relationship between time perspective and MPA. Results Various dimensions of time perspective were strongly associated with MPA. Among these dimensions, past negative (r = 0.397, p < 0.001), present hedonistic (r = 0.207, p < 0.001), and present fatalistic perspectives (r = 0.444, p < 0.001) were positively associated with MPA, while a future time perspective (r = -0.200, p < 0.001) was negatively associated with MPA. Mediation effects analysis showed that past negative (β = 0.034, p < 0.001, 95% CI [0.020-0.051]), present hedonistic (β = 0.038, p < 0.001, 95% CI [0.02-0.06]), present fatalistic (β = 0.047, p < 0.001, 95% CI [0.031-0.065]) and future orientation perspectives (β = -0.093, p < 0.001, 95% CI [-0.123-0.069]) indirectly influenced MPA through the mediating effect of self-control. Conclusion This study confirmed that a future time perspective and self-control are protective factors for MPA and that past negative, present hedonistic and present fatalistic perspectives are risk factors for MPA. College educators can prevent MPA in college students directly by cultivating their self-control ability, as well as indirectly by increasing their use of future time perspective and reducing past negative, present fatalistic and present hedonistic perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weigang Pan
- Laboratory of Emotion and Mental Health, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing, China
| | - Yingzhi Ma
- Laboratory of Emotion and Mental Health, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing, China
| | - Yihong Long
- School of Public Administration, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- College of National Culture and Cognitive Science, Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Laboratory of Emotion and Mental Health, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing, China
| | - Yujie Zhao
- Laboratory of Emotion and Mental Health, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing, China
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Lisco G, De Tullio A, Iovino M, Disoteo O, Guastamacchia E, Giagulli VA, Triggiani V. Dopamine in the Regulation of Glucose Homeostasis, Pathogenesis of Type 2 Diabetes, and Chronic Conditions of Impaired Dopamine Activity/Metabolism: Implication for Pathophysiological and Therapeutic Purposes. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2993. [PMID: 38001993 PMCID: PMC10669051 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11112993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Dopamine regulates several functions, such as voluntary movements, spatial memory, motivation, sleep, arousal, feeding, immune function, maternal behaviors, and lactation. Less clear is the role of dopamine in the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) and chronic complications and conditions frequently associated with it. This review summarizes recent evidence on the role of dopamine in regulating insular metabolism and activity, the pathophysiology of traditional chronic complications associated with T2D, the pathophysiological interconnection between T2D and chronic neurological and psychiatric disorders characterized by impaired dopamine activity/metabolism, and therapeutic implications. Reinforcing dopamine signaling is therapeutic in T2D, especially in patients with dopamine-related disorders, such as Parkinson's and Huntington's diseases, addictions, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. On the other hand, although specific trials are probably needed, certain medications approved for T2D (e.g., metformin, pioglitazone, incretin-based therapy, and gliflozins) may have a therapeutic role in such dopamine-related disorders due to anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative effects, improvement in insulin signaling, neuroinflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, autophagy, and apoptosis, restoration of striatal dopamine synthesis, and modulation of dopamine signaling associated with reward and hedonic eating. Last, targeting dopamine metabolism could have the potential for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes in chronic diabetes-related complications, such as diabetic retinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Lisco
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy; (G.L.); (A.D.T.); (M.I.); (E.G.); (V.A.G.)
| | - Anna De Tullio
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy; (G.L.); (A.D.T.); (M.I.); (E.G.); (V.A.G.)
| | - Michele Iovino
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy; (G.L.); (A.D.T.); (M.I.); (E.G.); (V.A.G.)
| | - Olga Disoteo
- Diabetology Unit, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, 20162 Milan, Italy;
| | - Edoardo Guastamacchia
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy; (G.L.); (A.D.T.); (M.I.); (E.G.); (V.A.G.)
| | - Vito Angelo Giagulli
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy; (G.L.); (A.D.T.); (M.I.); (E.G.); (V.A.G.)
| | - Vincenzo Triggiani
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy; (G.L.); (A.D.T.); (M.I.); (E.G.); (V.A.G.)
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Tu Z, He J, Wang Z, Wang C, Tian J, Tang Y. Development and validation of the while-in-bed-smartphone-use-induced sleep procrastination scale (WSPS) in Chinese undergraduates with/without problematic smartphone use. Qual Life Res 2023; 32:3085-3098. [PMID: 37347394 DOI: 10.1007/s11136-023-03457-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Problematic smartphone use (PSU) has become a global public health problem. Excessive while-in-bed smartphone use may result in sleep procrastination and other negative outcomes. The present study aimed to develop and validate a new scale called WSPS to assess while-in-bed-smartphone-use-induced sleep procrastination among undergraduates. METHODS In total, 910 Chinese undergraduates completed the collection of WSPS, smartphone addiction scale-short version (SAS-SV), bedtime procrastination scale, Pittsburgh sleep quality index, and Zung self-rating depression scale. The whole sample were randomly splited in the exploratory factor analysis (EFA) sample (n = 455) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) sample (n = 455). 40 undergraduates with PSU (SAS-SV > 31) and 40 without PSU were asked to keep sleep diary for 2 weeks and complete the WSPS again. RESULTS EFA and CFA supported a six-item unidimensional structure of the WSPS. The WSPS demonstrated acceptable internal consistency among undergraduates. The WSPS showed good concurrent validity with other relevant variables including PSU, BP, sleep quality, and depression. Scalar invariance of the WSPS between undergraduates with/without PSU was supported, as well as scalar invariance across gender. The WSPS showed good convergent validity with self-report everyday while-in-bed smartphone use duration and good discriminant validity with sleep duration and sleep onset latency recorded by sleep diary. The WSPS also presented good test-retest reliability among undergraduates with/without PSU. CONCLUSION The WSPS is a reliable and valid measure of while-in-bed-smartphone-use-induced sleep procrastination in undergraduates with/without PSU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihao Tu
- Navy Special Medical Center, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
- Qingdao Special Servicemen Recuperation Center of PLA Navy, Qingdao, 266043, China
| | - Jingwen He
- Department of Medical Psychology, NO. 96110 Hospital (affiliated with the People's Liberation Army (PLA)), Yinchuan, 750021, China
- Department of Psychology, Naval Medical University, 800 Xiangyin Road, Shangahi, 200433, China
| | - Ziying Wang
- Navy Special Medical Center, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Chuan Wang
- Navy Special Medical Center, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Jianquan Tian
- Navy Special Medical Center, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Yunxiang Tang
- Department of Psychology, Naval Medical University, 800 Xiangyin Road, Shangahi, 200433, China.
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AlQaderi N, Banibella Abdelmagied Elamin A, Yasser Abdelraouf Abdelmonem K, Teir HJ, Andrade G. Phone addiction, cyberbullying, and mental health amongst young adults in the United Arab Emirates: a cross-sectional study. BMC Psychol 2023; 11:313. [PMID: 37803432 PMCID: PMC10557357 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-023-01320-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Smartphone addiction is a common phenomenon worldwide and within the UAE. It is related to many factors, including gender and ethnicity, and can lead to mental health disorders, such as anxiety and depression. This study investigates these factors concerning smartphone addiction among young adults in the UAE. METHODS 421 participants answered a questionnaire of validated and reliable scales measuring smartphone addiction, cyberbullying experiences, mental health, and demographic information. The average age of the participants was 21 years, and the age groups were divided into two groups. Group 1 consists of participants who are 20 years or younger, and group 2 consists of participants aged 21 or older. RESULTS There was a positive correlation between smartphone addiction with both anxiety and depression. A positive correlation was also found between cyberbullying victims, anxiety, and depression. Females were found to have higher levels of anxiety and smartphone addiction in comparison to males. CONCLUSION Smartphone addiction is a problem that connects to disorders like anxiety and depression. Conversely, cyberbullying is not directly related to smartphone addiction but is also strongly related to anxiety and depression.
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Candotti CT, Pivotto LR, Nichele da Rosa B, Noll M, Loss JF. Back Pain and Body Posture Evaluation Instrument for Adults (BackPEI-A): Updating and an online application. J Bodyw Mov Ther 2023; 36:158-164. [PMID: 37949554 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2023.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Back Pain and Body Posture Evaluation Instrument for Adults (BackPEI-A) lags the most recent literature, as it does not assess issues related to activity increasingly present in the daily lives of people of all ages. PURPOSE (1) to update the BackPEI-A by including four new questions regarding the use of mobile devices; (2) to present a new graphic design of the issues related to back and neck pain to facilitate understanding of the location of these pains; (3) to test the content validity and the reliability of the new questions; and (4) to identify whether the BackPEI-A version in online form has adequate reliability. METHODS The content validation by evaluation of eight experts, and the reliability of the new questions and of the online version were assessed. The new questions were translated to English. Content validation was assessed by the content validity index (CVI). Reliability was assessed using the agreement percentage (%C), the kappa statistic (k), and the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). k > 0.4 and %C > 0.5 were assumed to include new questions. RESULTS The new questions showed good agreement among the experts, k > 0.4 and %C > 0.5. Both forms applied presented an average kappa of total sample ranging from moderate to good, and moderate ICC values, showing an adequate reliability. CONCLUSION The updated BackPEI-A is valid and reliable and allows the identification of aspects related to back and neck pain, as well as possible risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Matias Noll
- Campus Ceres, Instituto Federal Goiano, Ceres, 76300-000, Brazil; Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, 5230, Odense, Denmark
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Frydenlund G, Guldager JD, Frederiksen KO, Egebæk HK. Do young people perceive their smartphone addiction as problematic? A study in Danish university college students. Heliyon 2023; 9:e20368. [PMID: 37790974 PMCID: PMC10543362 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
As smartphone addiction has been linked to poor mental health and lower levels of physical activity, it is of public health interest to explore the behavior behind problematic smartphone use and develop interventions to reduce smartphone use. This study aimed to investigate the risk of smartphone addiction and examine perceived problematic smartphone behavior among university college students. This online survey conducted amongst 1251 Danish University College students studied smartphone addiction in conjunction with physical- and mental health dimensions. The risk of smartphone addiction was estimated using the Smartphone Addiction Scale-Short Version (SAS-SV). The main results are presented as odds ratios from multivariate logistic regressions. One in four (23%) were at high risk of smartphone addiction. Of this high-risk group, 74% identified their smartphone behavior as problematic, with 91% having considered reducing their smartphone use. Students with a high risk of smartphone addiction perceiving their behavior as problematic were more likely to report low mental health and well-being. In conclusion, students at high risk of smartphone addiction acknowledge their problematic behavior and have actively considered behavior modifications. This knowledge can enable teachers, parents, and social and health workers to understand that a majority of heavy smartphone users are open to reducing their smartphone usage, albeit with the appropriate support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gitte Frydenlund
- Department of Physiotherapy Education, University College South Denmark, Degnevej 16, 6705 Esbjerg, Denmark
| | - Julie Dalgaard Guldager
- Department of Physiotherapy Education, University College South Denmark, Degnevej 16, 6705 Esbjerg, Denmark
- Unit for Health Promotion Research, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Esbjerg, Denmark
| | - Katrine Oertel Frederiksen
- Department of Physiotherapy Education, University College South Denmark, Degnevej 16, 6705 Esbjerg, Denmark
| | - Heidi Klakk Egebæk
- Research Department, University College South Denmark, Haderslev, Denmark
- Centre for Research in Childhood Health, Institute of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Centre for Clinical Research and Prevention, Section for Health Promotion and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Nordre Fasanvej 57, 2000 Frederiksberg, Denmark
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Gritti ES, Bornstein RF, Barbot B. The smartphone as a "significant other": interpersonal dependency and attachment in maladaptive smartphone and social networks use. BMC Psychol 2023; 11:296. [PMID: 37770997 PMCID: PMC10540499 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-023-01339-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Smartphones are increasingly widespread throughout the world and, although smartphones provide various benefits, excessive and maladaptive use is often reported. Given the penetration of smartphones in the individual's daily life, it is relevant to identify the mechanisms sustaining their use, including the affective bond that the owner may develop with the device. The aim of the current study is to test a novel model to explain smartphone and Social Network Sites (SNS) use from an interpersonal perspective. We hypothesized that adult attachment style and interpersonal patterns (i.e., features of interpersonal dependency) generalize to the emotional bond with the mobile device, interacting with psychological correlates and background factors to predict smartphone and SNS consumption. 341 nonclinical adults (57.2% females; age M = 35.5, SD = 14.6) completed a battery consisting of the Attachment Style Questionnaire, the Relationship Profile Test, the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, the Toronto Alexithymia Scale, the Young Adult Attachment to Phone Scale, and the Social Network Intensity and Social Network Access via Mobile phone Applications. A multi-mediation model supported the hypothesis regarding the influence of interpersonal style in the relationship of the individual with their smartphone and use of SNS. A parallel between attachment style and the emotional bond with the smartphone emerged, with anxious attachment style and destructive overdependence being potential risk factors for maladaptive smartphone use especially in individuals involved in a romantic relationship. Findings are discussed in terms of theoretical implications and intervention strategies towards smartphone dependency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela S Gritti
- Department of Psychology, Milano-Bicocca University, Piazza dell'Ateneo Nuovo 1, Milan, 20126, Italy.
| | - Robert F Bornstein
- Derner Institute of Advanced Psychological Studies, Adelphi University, Garden City, USA
| | - Baptiste Barbot
- UCLouvain, Psychological Sciences Research Institute, Louvain, Belgium
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Gerez Taşgın F, Taşgın A. The Relationship between Technology Addiction and Attitude toward Reading: An Investigation on Pre-Service Teachers. Behav Sci (Basel) 2023; 13:775. [PMID: 37754053 PMCID: PMC10525354 DOI: 10.3390/bs13090775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to examine pre-service teachers' attitudes toward reading books and their technology addictions. We used a correlational survey model. The sample of this study consisted of a Turkish pre-service teachers group studying at the Department of Turkish Education in the education faculty of a state university in Turkey. Our research used the "Attitude Scale Towards Reading" and "Technology Addiction Scale" as data collection tools. As a result of the study, we determined that the attitudes towards reading of pre-service teachers were positive. Furthermore, there was a significant difference in favor of female pre-service teachers in the sub-dimensions of book-reading love, reluctance to read, and stress. The significant difference in the online game-playing sub-dimension of technology addiction favored male pre-service teachers. On the other hand, we found a negative meaningful relationship between pre-service teachers' technology addiction and their attitudes toward reading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Gerez Taşgın
- Department of Turkish Language Education, Atatürk University, Erzurum 25240, Turkey;
| | - Adnan Taşgın
- Department of Educational Science, Atatürk University, Erzurum 25240, Turkey
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Jacquier-Bret J, Gorce P. Effect of day time on smartphone use posture and related musculoskeletal disorders risk: a survey among university students. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2023; 24:725. [PMID: 37700298 PMCID: PMC10496183 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-023-06837-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are one of the most important problems among young smartphone users worldwide. Portability leads to a wide variety of postures during the different activities of the day. The objective evaluation of these postures coupled with ergonomic tools allows evaluating the level of MSD risk to which users are exposed. METHODS The purpose was to investigate the effect of the time of day on the posture adopted during smartphone use among university students. The study was conducted through a cross-sectional survey of 263 university sports students. Four time of day, i.e. morning, afternoon, evening and night, and a taxonomy of 41 postures called SmarTaxo were considered. SmarTaxo included 18 sitting, 11 standing, 10 lying and 2 walking postures and their ergonomic score. After checking the normality of the data, a non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis test was used to study the effect of the time of day on the use duration of the different postures. RESULTS The total mean duration use per typical weekday was 5.39 ± 2.19 h for males and 5.15 ± 1.60 h for females with maximal duration during evening. The average smartphone use durations were statistically longer in afternoon and evening for all sitting (9.44 and 9.22 min respectively, p < 0.05) and calling (3.38 and 3.33 min respectively, p < 0.05) postures. The longest duration for standing postures was recorded for afternoon (8.91 min, p < 0.05). The lying postures were significantly more present in evening (19.36 min). Some postures were more used during a time of day. The side-lying posture was used more in evening and has an ergonomic score of 6, i.e. a high MSD risk. CONCLUSIONS The survey showed that users are exposed to MSDs regardless of posture and time of day. Sitting postures are used more in the morning and afternoon while lying postures are used more in the evening. As long as the rate of use is so high (> 5 h per day), young people will remain highly exposed to MSDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Jacquier-Bret
- International Institute of Biomechanics and Occupational Ergonomics, Hyères, France.
- Université de Toulon, CS60584-83041, CEDEX 9, Toulon, France.
| | - Philippe Gorce
- International Institute of Biomechanics and Occupational Ergonomics, Hyères, France
- Université de Toulon, CS60584-83041, CEDEX 9, Toulon, France
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Nikolic A, Bukurov B, Kocic I, Vukovic M, Ladjevic N, Vrhovac M, Pavlović Z, Grujicic J, Kisic D, Sipetic S. Smartphone addiction, sleep quality, depression, anxiety, and stress among medical students. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1252371. [PMID: 37744504 PMCID: PMC10512032 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1252371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Studies consistently link excessive smartphone use to poor sleep quality, depression, anxiety, and stress. This study specifically aimed to investigate these associations among medical students in Belgrade and Nis (Central Serbia). Materials and methods The cross-sectional study included a sample of 761 students, who were selected from both the Faculties of Medicine at the University of Belgrade and the University of Nis. Questionnaires, including the International Physical Activity Questionnaire - Short Form (IPAQ-SF), Smartphone Addiction Scale - Short Version (SAS-SV), the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale - 21 items (DASS-21), were completed by the participants. Statistical analysis techniques, such as the Chi-square test, student's t-test, and logistic regression, were employed to examine the relationship between smartphone addiction, physical activity, sleep quality, depression, anxiety, and stress. Results The findings indicated a prevalence of smartphone addiction among medical students at 21.7%, with rates of 22.9% among males and 21.1% among females. Females exhibited significantly higher scores on the SAS-SV scale compared to males (p = 0.032). Univariate logistic regression analysis revealed significant associations between smartphone addiction and spending over 4 h daily on smartphones (OR = 2.39; p < 0.001), poor sleep quality (OR = 1.65; p = 0,005), as well as elevated levels of stress (OR = 1.75; p = 0.003), anxiety (OR = 2.04; p < 0.001), and depression (OR = 2.29; p < 0.001). Multivariate regression analysis identified spending more than 4 h daily on smartphones (OR = 2.39; p < 0.001) and increased levels of depression (OR = 2.51; p < 0.001) as independent significant factors associated with smartphone addiction. Conclusion This study sheds light on the prevalence of smartphone addiction among medical students, with spending excessive time on smartphones and higher levels of depression standing out as significant factors. Future research should delve into the underlying mechanisms and causal relationships between smartphone addiction and these psychosocial factors. Understanding these connections will aid in developing effective interventions and strategies to tackle this growing public health concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Nikolic
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Epidemiology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Bojana Bukurov
- Clinic of Otorhinolaryngology and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University Clinical Center of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ilija Kocic
- Covid Hospital Krusevac, University Clinical Center of Niš, Niš, Serbia
| | - Milica Vukovic
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Social Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nikola Ladjevic
- Urology Hospital, University Clinical Centre of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Miljana Vrhovac
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Zorana Pavlović
- Clinic for Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University Clinical Center of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jovan Grujicic
- University of Arkansans for Medical Science, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Darija Kisic
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Epidemiology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Sandra Sipetic
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Epidemiology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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AlSaif HI, Alhozaimi ZA, Alrashed AS, Alanazi KS, Alshibani MG, Almigbal TH, Alsaad SM, Alrasheed AA, Alosaimi FD. Is There an Association between Increased Stress and Smartphone Addiction? Insights from a Study on Medical Students from Saudi Arabia during the COVID-19 Pandemic. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:1501. [PMID: 37629791 PMCID: PMC10456896 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59081501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: Smartphone addiction is prevalent among medical students, and there is a concern that the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic fueled a rise in smartphone addiction. Earlier studies suggest a link between excessive smartphone usage and negative outcomes such as depression, stress, and reduced academic achievement. However, there is a dearth of both local studies in Saudi Arabia and studies conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic exploring the prevalence of smartphone addiction and its association with academic performance, depression, and perceived stress, which is the purpose of the current study. Methods: In 2021, a cross-sectional research project took place among medical students at King Saud University and the Vision Colleges located in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. An online self-administered questionnaire consisting of demographic variables, grade point average (GPA), the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), the Perceived Stress Scale-4 (PSS-4), and the Smartphone Addiction Scale-Short Version (SAS-SV) was deployed. Results: Three hundred and fifteen students participated. Around 47.9% of students reported smartphone addiction, and the mean SAS-SV score was 32.31 ± 12.01 points. Both PHQ-9 and PSS-4 scores showed a significant positive correlation with the SAS-SV score (r = 0.216, p < 0.001 and r = 247, p < 0.001, respectively), while GPA did not (r = -0.027, p = 0.639). An adjusted analysis showed that the PSS-4 score was positively associated with the SAS-SV score (odds ratio (OR) = 1.206, p < 0.001), while the PHQ-9 score was not (OR = 102, p = 0.285). Conclusions: Smartphone addiction is prevalent among medical students and associated with perceived stress. Additional research is required to gain a deeper comprehension of this issue and to assess the success of intervention initiatives aimed at encouraging healthy smartphone usage, particularly in times of crisis like the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haytham I. AlSaif
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2925, Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia; (Z.A.A.); (M.G.A.); (T.H.A.); (S.M.A.); (A.A.A.)
- Family Medicine Center, King Saud University Medical City, King Saud University, P.O. Box 7805, Riyadh 11472, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zeyad A. Alhozaimi
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2925, Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia; (Z.A.A.); (M.G.A.); (T.H.A.); (S.M.A.); (A.A.A.)
- Family Medicine Center, King Saud University Medical City, King Saud University, P.O. Box 7805, Riyadh 11472, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alhanouf S. Alrashed
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2925, Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Kholoud S. Alanazi
- Clinical Sciences Department, College of Medicine, Vision Colleges, Riyadh 13226, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohammed G. Alshibani
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2925, Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia; (Z.A.A.); (M.G.A.); (T.H.A.); (S.M.A.); (A.A.A.)
- Family Medicine Center, King Saud University Medical City, King Saud University, P.O. Box 7805, Riyadh 11472, Saudi Arabia
| | - Turky H. Almigbal
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2925, Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia; (Z.A.A.); (M.G.A.); (T.H.A.); (S.M.A.); (A.A.A.)
- Family Medicine Center, King Saud University Medical City, King Saud University, P.O. Box 7805, Riyadh 11472, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saad M. Alsaad
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2925, Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia; (Z.A.A.); (M.G.A.); (T.H.A.); (S.M.A.); (A.A.A.)
- Family Medicine Center, King Saud University Medical City, King Saud University, P.O. Box 7805, Riyadh 11472, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah A. Alrasheed
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2925, Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia; (Z.A.A.); (M.G.A.); (T.H.A.); (S.M.A.); (A.A.A.)
- Family Medicine Center, King Saud University Medical City, King Saud University, P.O. Box 7805, Riyadh 11472, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad D. Alosaimi
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2925, Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia;
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Al-Amri A, Abdulaziz S, Bashir S, Ahsan M, Abualait T. Effects of smartphone addiction on cognitive function and physical activity in middle-school children: a cross-sectional study. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1182749. [PMID: 37645064 PMCID: PMC10461096 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1182749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction This study aimed to investigate the effects of smartphone addiction on cognitive function and physical activity in middle-school children. Methods A population of 196 children (boys and girls) from middle schools were recruited for this study with an average age of 12.99 ± 0.81 years, a height of 153.86 ± 6.50 meters, a weight of 48.07 ± 7.31 kilograms, and a body mass index of 20.22 ± 2.08 kg/m2. Smartphone addiction was determined using Arabic versions of the Smartphone Addiction Scale-Short Version, and physical activity levels were assessed by a physical activity questionnaire for older children. The working memory and selective attention domains of cognitive function were evaluated using a laptop screen's digital version of the memory automaticity and Flanker tasks, respectively. A one-way MANOVA was conducted to determine the differences in working memory between the smartphone-addicted and non-addicted groups. The relationship between smartphone addiction and physical activity was analyzed using Pearson's chi-squared test. Results The cognitive function-attention domain accuracy component showed a statistically significant difference between the groups, with a p-value of 0.05). The reaction time between smartphone-addicted and non-addicted children showed no statistically significant difference (p = 0.817). The relationship between smartphone addiction and physical activity was statistically significant (p < 0.001). Discussion The interaction effects between physical activity and smartphone addiction on reaction times showed statistically insignificant (p = 0.25) differences, showing that physical activity's effect on reaction times did not depend on smartphone addiction levels. The non-addicted children had significantly higher physical activity levels than the addicted children, indicating that smartphone addiction reduced physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahlam Al-Amri
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
- Rehabilitation Health Services, Armed Forces Hospital Southern Region, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sahar Abdulaziz
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shahid Bashir
- Neuroscience Center, King Fahad Specialist Hospital, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Ahsan
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Turki Abualait
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
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Wu R, Luo Y, Ren P, Ran F, Yang X, Gu M, Tuo A, Yan Z. Impact of Learning Burnout on Mobile Phone Dependence Among Adolescents in Western China Under the "Double Reduction" Policy: The Mediating Role of Social Support. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2023; 16:3171-3183. [PMID: 37584040 PMCID: PMC10424684 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s420711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose This paper investigated the prevalence of mobile phone dependence (MPD) and its associated with learning burnout under the "double reduction" policy among adolescents in Guizhou Province in western China. In addition, the influence of the mediating mechanism of social support on this relationship was investigated. Methods The sample was collected from 16,216 adolescents in West China's Guizhou province, from December 2021 to January 2022 via multistage stratified random sampling. The Self-rating Questionnaire for Adolescent Problematic Mobile Phone Use (SQAPMPU) was used to assess the MPD, the Adolescent Student Burnout Scale (ASBI) was used to assess the learning burnout, and the Social Support Scale (SSS) was used to assess the social support. A hierarchical linear regression model was used to analyze the relationship between MPD, learning burnout, and social support. The mediating effect of social support between MPD and learning burnout was analyzed by structural equation model. Results Prevalence of MPD was 26.4% among adolescents in Guizhou province in western China. After adjusting for confounding variables like demographics, multiple linear regression model has revealed that learning burnout positively predicted MPD and social support negatively predicted MPD. The structural equation model showed that 10.9% of the effect was explained by the mediating effect of social support. Conclusion These findings could inform service delivery and policy formulation to reduce learning and avoid MPD in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Wu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuan Luo
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Pengyu Ren
- Guizhou Drug Evaluation Center, Guiyang, Guizhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fengjiao Ran
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiantao Yang
- School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Manting Gu
- School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Anxie Tuo
- School of Medical Humanities, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zheng Yan
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, People’s Republic of China
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Peltz JS, Bodenlos JS, Kingery JN, Abar C. Psychological processes linking problematic smartphone use to sleep disturbance in young adults. Sleep Health 2023; 9:524-531. [PMID: 37460376 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleh.2023.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES With such high rates of sleep and mental health problems among undergraduate students, understanding potential antecedents of these interrelated problems has emerged as a critical area of examination. One potential factor underlying these problems is problematic smartphone use, which is defined as excessive phone use, impulse control problems related to the use, and negative consequences stemming from these behaviors. Accordingly, the current study sought to examine how relative changes in problematic smartphone use might impact college students' sleep disturbance via their psychological functioning (ie, psychological inflexibility and anxiety symptoms). METHODS The 2-wave (baseline and 2-month follow-up) online sample consisted of 385 undergraduates (81% female; M = 20.0, SD = 1.6), who reported problematic smartphone use, psychological flexibility, anxiety symptoms, and sleep disturbance. RESULTS Controlling for baseline levels of sleep hygiene, age, and gender, our model demonstrated a significant indirect effect from problematic smartphone use to sleep disturbance. Specifically, relative increases from baseline to the 2-month follow-up in students' problematic smartphone use predicted subsequent increases in psychological inflexibility, which predicted increases in anxiety symptoms, which, in turn, predicted increases in sleep disturbance. CONCLUSIONS Given the ubiquity of college students' smartphone use, the potential for problematic use remains high. Results suggest that the negative consequences of problematic smartphone use not only can include college students' mental health but also their sleep. With such high levels of college students suffering from mental health and sleep problems, clinicians and college administrators should consider the potential sequelae of the problematic use of smartphones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack S Peltz
- Department of Psychology, SUNY Brockport, Brockport, New York, USA.
| | - Jamie S Bodenlos
- Psychological Science Department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Geneva, New York, USA.
| | - Julie Newman Kingery
- Psychological Science Department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Geneva, New York, USA.
| | - Caitlin Abar
- Department of Psychology, SUNY Brockport, Brockport, New York, USA.
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Bernstein K, Zarski AC, Pekarek E, Schaub MP, Berking M, Baumeister H, Ebert DD. Case report for an internet- and mobile-based intervention for internet use disorder. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:700520. [PMID: 37559920 PMCID: PMC10407126 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.700520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Internet use disorder (IUD), characterized as the inability to control one's internet use, is associated with reduced quality of life and mental health comorbidities such as depression, substance abuse, or anxiety. Evidence-based treatment options are scarce due to the novelty of the diagnosis. Internet- and mobile-based interventions (IMI) may be an effective means to deliver psychological treatment to individuals with IUD as they address affected individuals in their online setting. This study presents a newly developed IMI for IUD disclosing treatment satisfaction and preliminary effects by exemplifying with a case report. METHODS The case of a female participant with IUD, characterized by an excessive use of social media, is analyzed. The case report follows the CARE guidelines and presents qualitative and quantitative outcomes regarding potential symptom reduction measured by the Internet Addiction Test (IAT) and Compulsive Internet Use Scale (CIUS), treatment satisfaction measured by the Client Satisfaction Questionnaire (CSQ) and feasibility by analyzing participant's written feedback during treatment. RESULTS The case report shows that internet- and mobile-based interventions may be feasible in supporting an individual in reducing symptoms of IUD as well as depressive symptoms, anxiety and procrastination behavior. Treatment satisfaction was reported as good. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS This case report illustrates that IMIs can have the potential to be an easily accessible and possibly effective treatment option for IUD. Case studies on IMIs may provide insights into important mechanisms for symptom change. Further studies are needed to expand our understanding of this diverse disorder to provide adequate treatment. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION https://clinicaltrials.gov/,DRKS00015314.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Bernstein
- Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Anna-Carlotta Zarski
- Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- eHealth in Clinical Psychology, Philipps-University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Emilia Pekarek
- Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Michael Patrick Schaub
- Swiss Research Institute for Public Health and Addiction, Associated to the University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Berking
- Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Harald Baumeister
- Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - David Daniel Ebert
- Department of Clinical, Neuro, and Developmental Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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Feng C, Wu AMS, Yu K, Zhao W, Xu JK. Associations of Death Anxiety, Inclusion of Smartphone in the Self, and Affiliation Motivation with Smartphone use and Addiction: A Multiple Mediation Study. OMEGA-JOURNAL OF DEATH AND DYING 2023:302228231189634. [PMID: 37477633 DOI: 10.1177/00302228231189634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
This study is the first to apply terror management theory to understanding smartphone addiction by examining the potential indirect effect of death anxiety on smartphone addiction via inclusion of smartphone in the self (i.e., self-expansion), affiliation motivation (the desire to connect with others) for emotional support, and smartphone use. The sample consisted of 1483 Chinese university students between the ages of 18 and 24 (M = 19.14, SD = 1.03) who voluntarily completed an anonymous questionnaire survey. As hypothesized, death anxiety, inclusion of smartphone in the self, affiliation motivation, and smartphone use were directly, positively correlated with smartphone addiction. In addition, death anxiety exerted significant indirect effects via various pathways, including (i) affiliation motivation for emotional support and smartphone use and (ii) inclusion of smartphone in the self and smartphone use. Findings suggest that effective interventions for smartphone addiction should include targeting death anxiety, self-expansion, and affiliation need frustration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Feng
- Department of Applied Psychology, Faculty of Law, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, China
| | - Anise M S Wu
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
- Centre for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Ke Yu
- Department of Applied Psychology, Faculty of Law, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, China
| | - Wen Zhao
- Department of Applied Psychology, Faculty of Law, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, China
| | - Ji-Kang Xu
- Student Affairs Office, School of Manufacturing Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, China
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Zhao H, Song T, Rafik-Galea S, Dong J, Fitriana M, Ji Y, Zhang J. The reciprocal relationships between meaning in life and smartphone addiction among Chinese college students: evidence from a three-wave cross-lagged panel model. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1202741. [PMID: 37521981 PMCID: PMC10372791 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1202741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Previous cross-sectional studies have shown that meaning in life (MIL) is closely associated with college students' smartphone addiction (SA), but the causal relationship between MIL and college students' SA is uncertain. Therefore, conducting a longitudinal study to explore their relationship is very necessary. Furthermore, some studies have implied possible gender differences in the relationship between MIL and SA and the relationship between SA and MIL. Therefore, it is necessary to further examine whether there are gender differences in the above relationships. Methods The present study constructed a three-wave cross-lag panel model to explore the relationships between MIL and college students' SA. Three waves of data were collected from 705 college students (male: 338; female: 367) in China for three consecutive years, and the interval of data collection was 1 year. These college students completed the same online questionnaire regarding MIL and SA. Results (1) The MIL of male college students was significantly stronger than that of female college students at time 1, time 2, and time 3, (2) Female college students' SA at time 1, time 2, and time 3 was more serious than that of male college students, (3) There were reciprocal relationships between MIL and college students' SA, (4) The influence of MIL on female college students' SA was significantly stronger than that of male college students, and (5) The influence of SA on female college students' MIL was significantly stronger than that of male college students. Conclusion This study showed reciprocal relationships between MIL and SA among male college students and female college students. The findings further deepen our understanding of the relationship between MIL and SA and provide a gender perspective for preventing or intervening with college students' SA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhao
- School of Education, Shandong Women's University, Jinan, China
- Faculty of Education, Languages, Psychology and Music, SEGI University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Tianjiao Song
- School of Education, Shandong Women's University, Jinan, China
- Faculty of Education, Languages, Psychology and Music, SEGI University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Shameem Rafik-Galea
- Faculty of Education, Languages, Psychology and Music, SEGI University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Jihe Dong
- School of Education, Shandong Women's University, Jinan, China
| | - Mimi Fitriana
- Faculty of Arts and Science, International University of Malaya-Wales, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yanhong Ji
- School of Education, Shandong Women's University, Jinan, China
| | - Jianling Zhang
- School of Education, Shandong Women's University, Jinan, China
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46
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El Keshky MES, Aseem H, Alzain A, Samak YAA. The relationship between self-cohesion and smartphone addiction: the mediating role of rejection sensitivity. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1166864. [PMID: 37448655 PMCID: PMC10338100 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1166864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The increasing use of smartphones with attractive applications has yielded concerns over problematic overuse, also called smartphone addiction, thus creating a need to investigate the antecedents and pathways of this addiction. Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the relationships between the self-cohesion dimensions of presence and consistency and smartphone addiction, and the potentially mediating role of rejection sensitivity. Methods A total sample of 910 respondents (58% females, mean age = 34.9, SD = 13.6) participated in the study. They completed a questionnaire including demographic characteristics and queries about frequency and duration of smartphone use, as well as the Self-Cohesion Scale, the Short Version of Smartphone Addiction Scale, and the Rejection Sensitivity RS-Adult Questionnaire. Structural equation modeling was used to examine the relationships in question. Results The findings indicated that smartphone addiction was positively correlated with rejection sensitivity and negatively correlated with the self-cohesion dimensions of presence and consistency. Further, both presence and consistency were negatively associated with smartphone addiction and rejection sensitivity negatively mediated these relationships. Conclusion Self-cohesion and rejection sensitivity appear to be important predictors of smartphone addiction. Efforts to counteract smartphone addiction should, therefore, endeavor to increase smartphone users' self-cohesion and reduce their rejection sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mogeda El Sayed El Keshky
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts and Humanities, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Huda Aseem
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts and Humanities, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amira Alzain
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts and Humanities, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Raney JH, Al-Shoaibi AA, Ganson KT, Testa A, Jackson DB, Singh G, Sajjad OM, Nagata JM. Associations between adverse childhood experiences and early adolescent problematic screen use in the United States. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:1213. [PMID: 37349707 PMCID: PMC10286460 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-16111-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Problematic screen use, defined as an inability to control use despite private, social, and professional life consequences, is increasingly common among adolescents and can have significant mental and physical health consequences. Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) are important risk factors in the development of addictive behaviors and may play an important role in the development of problematic screen use. METHODS Prospective data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study (Baseline and Year 2; 2018-2020; N = 9,673, participants who did not use screens were excluded) were analyzed in 2023. Generalized logistic mixed effects models were used to determine associations with ACEs and the presence of problematic use among adolescents who used screens based on cutoff scores. Secondary analyses used generalized linear mixed effects models to determine associations between ACEs and adolescent-reported problematic use scores of video games (Video Game Addiction Questionnaire), social media (Social Media Addiction Questionnaire), and mobile phones (Mobile Phone Involvement Questionnaire). Analyses were adjusted for potential confounders including age, sex, race/ethnicity, highest parent education, household income, adolescent anxiety, depression, and attention-deficit symptoms, study site, and participants who were twins. RESULTS The 9,673 screen-using adolescents ages 11-12 years old (mean age 12.0) were racially and ethnically diverse (52.9% White, 17.4% Latino/Hispanic, 19.4% Black, 5.8% Asian, 3.7% Native American, 0.9% Other). Problematic screen use rates among adolescents were identified to be 7.0% (video game), 3.5% (social media), and 21.8% (mobile phone). ACEs were associated with higher problematic video game and mobile phone use in both unadjusted and adjusted models, though problematic social media use was associated with mobile screen use in the unadjusted model only. Adolescents exposed to 4 or more ACEs experienced 3.1 times higher odds of reported problematic video game use and 1.6 times higher odds of problematic mobile phone use compared to peers with no ACEs. CONCLUSIONS Given the significant associations between adolescent ACE exposure and rates of problematic video and mobile phone screen use among adolescents who use screens, public health programming for trauma-exposed youth should explore video game, social media, and mobile phone use among this population and implement interventions focused on supporting healthy digital habits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia H Raney
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Abubakr A Al-Shoaibi
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kyle T Ganson
- Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Alexander Testa
- Department of Management, Policy and Community Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Dylan B Jackson
- Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Gurbinder Singh
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Omar M Sajjad
- Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Jason M Nagata
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Wong SM, Chen EY, Suen YN, Ho W, Chan SK, Lee EH, Chan KT, Lui SS, Wong MT, Hui CL. Increased psychological distress among young people before and during the fifth wave of COVID-19 after two years of pandemic in Hong Kong: a 6-month longitudinal study. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:433. [PMID: 37322448 PMCID: PMC10267546 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-04933-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite over two years of COVID-19 worldwide, the outbreak of the Omicron variant has given rise to an unprecedented surge of infection with diverse lockdown measures implemented globally. Whether the emergence of a new wave of COVID-19 could further affect mental health in the population after nearly two years of the pandemic remains to be addressed. Furthermore, whether changes in smartphone overuse behaviours and physical activity - both of which are particularly relevant to young people - would together contribute to changes in distress symptoms during this wave of COVID-19 was also examined. METHODS A total of 248 young people from an ongoing household-based epidemiological study in Hong Kong who completed their baseline assessments prior to the Omicron variant outbreak, i.e., fifth wave of COVID-19 (July-November 2021), were invited for a 6-month follow-up study during this wave of infection (January-April 2022) (mean age = 19.7 years, SD = 2.7; 58.9% females). At both time points, levels of global distress symptoms, perceived stress, smartphone overuse, frequency of engagement in vigorous physical activity, and other potential risk and protective factors were assessed. RESULTS The proportion of young people presenting moderate-to-severe distress (6-item Kessler Psychological Distress Scale ≥ 5) significantly increased from 45.6 to 54.4% during the fifth wave of COVID-19 (p < 0.010). Significantly increased levels of smartphone overuse and reduced days of vigorous physical activity were also observed during the fifth wave. Notably, increased smartphone overuse and reduced physical activity both additively and interactively contributed to elevated distress at 6 months, even after accounting for demographic characteristics, psychiatric history, childhood adversity, as well as baseline distress symptoms, resilience, and recent personal stressors. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that the emergence of a new wave of COVID-19, specifically the Omicron outbreak, can further aggravate mental distress even after a protracted period of the pandemic. Awareness of the dynamic nature of COVID-19 is necessitated to address the pressing mental health needs of populations. Supporting young people in healthier patterns of smartphone use and physical activity can be helpful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie My Wong
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Eric Yh Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
- The State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong.
| | - Y N Suen
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Winky Ho
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Sherry Kw Chan
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- The State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong
| | - Edwin Hm Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - K T Chan
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Simon Sy Lui
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Michael Th Wong
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Christy Lm Hui
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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Chun J, Lee HK, Jeon H, Kim J, Lee S. Impact of COVID-19 on Adolescents' Smartphone Addiction in South Korea. SOCIAL WORK IN PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 38:268-280. [PMID: 36227775 DOI: 10.1080/19371918.2022.2134252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The outbreak of COVID-19 impacted numerous people globally, but most notably affected adolescents negatively by contributing to the increase in their use of media and smartphones and therefore their susceptibility to smartphone addiction. Based on the social-ecological model, this study seeks to identify the individual-, family-, and school-level factors of smartphone addiction through two groups of users: a first group whose smartphone usage time increased after the outbreak of COVID-19, and a second group whose usage time did not. Based on the data collected from 360 Korean adolescents aged 15 to 18, results reveal that personal-level factors (i.e., gender, depressive symptoms, self-control, and cyberbullying victimization) are associated with smartphone addiction. For the group whose smartphone usage time increased after the outbreak, economic status, academic performance, and academic year were related to smartphone addiction. Based on these findings, the study makes specific guidelines and suggestions on addressing the smartphone addiction among Korean adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- JongSerl Chun
- Department of Social Welfare, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Kook Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, Uijeongbu, Korea
| | - HyeSook Jeon
- Department of Social Welfare, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinyung Kim
- Department of Social Welfare, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Serim Lee
- Department of Social Welfare, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Guan J, Guan J, Ma W, Liu C. The Relationship Between Cumulative Ecological Risk and Problematic Smartphone Use Among Chinese College Students: Based on Latent Profile Analysis. Psychol Rep 2023:332941231172397. [PMID: 37093644 DOI: 10.1177/00332941231172397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the current study is to explore the number of classes of cumulative ecological risk with latent profile analysis. Furthermore, the relationships between the classes of cumulative ecological risk and problematic smartphone use (PSU) among 2050 Chinese college students were researched. The results showed that there are four latent classes of cumulative ecological risk among college students, namely, low risk - medium peer relationship risk group, medium risk - high belonging risk group, high identity risk - very high friend conflict risk group and high risk group, accounting for 11.71%, 30.54%, 9.75% and 48.00%, respectively. The number of the high risk group is the largest with the highest family risk, school risk, peer risk and social risk. The students in the medium risk - high belonging risk group have a particularly high risk of belonging, which should be paid attention to. The students in the low risk - medium peer relationship risk group are with a low level of ecological risk. The high identity risk - very high friend conflict risk group have the fewest students, indicating that only a few students have high school identity risk and very high risk of friend conflict. In addition, cumulative ecological risk is significantly positively correlated with PSU, and the PSU level of the high risk group is significantly higher than that of other groups. These findings indicate that there is considerable heterogeneity in cumulative ecological risk, and there is different correlation between cumulative ecological risk and PSU among college students. The current study not only enriches the biological ecological model, showing that the combined action of multiple ecological risks has a greater impact on PSU, but also provides a basis for classified intervention of college students of different classes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinliang Guan
- Department of Psychology, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Jinliang Guan
- Information Network Center, Anhui Jianzhu University, Hefei, China
| | - Wangyan Ma
- School of Foreign Studies, Anhui Sanlian University, Hefei, China
| | - Chengzhen Liu
- Department of Psychology, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
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