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Yuan Z, Osei R, Mao Z, Ye J, Lin F, Fang S, Wang X, Hao Z, Ali A. Determinants of tree population temporal stability in a temperate mixed forest over a gradient of nitrogen addition. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 368:122198. [PMID: 39168010 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.122198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Revised: 07/07/2024] [Accepted: 08/10/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) deposition is a significant threat to the functioning of forests and negatively impacts the delivery of forest goods and services. Contemporary management approaches seek to adapt forests to such N-deposition stressors, but to date how plant populations in natural forests respond to N deposition and what factors determine the contrasting responses among populations are still unclear. Here, we investigated the impact of N-addition (control: 0 kg ha-1 yr-1; low: 25 kg ha-1 yr-1; medium: 50 kg ha-1 yr-1; high: 75 kg ha-1 ha yr-1) on tree population temporal stability and how initial tree size, mycorrhizal type, and leaf N content (LNC; as a surrogate for functional trait composition) mediate tree population responses to N-addition in a Korean pine and mixed broadleaved dominated temperate forest in northern China. We quantified tree species population temporal stability as the ratio of mean to standard deviation of the year-by-year stem increments recorded in individual trees from 2015 to 2022 experimental period. The results showed different temporal stabilities of tree species among four N-addition levels, with the highest population stability observed within the high N-addition plots. Furthermore, initial tree size had significantly (p < 0.001) positive effects on population temporal stability. The effect of LNC and initial tree size were also contingent on the level of N applied. Specifically, increase in tree population LNC reduced population temporal stability in all plots where N was added. Our results imply that retention of large-sized trees and species with resource-conservative strategies (e.g., low LNC) could enhance forest stability under N deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuoqiang Yuan
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Qinling Ecological Intelligent Monitoring and Protection, School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China
| | - Richard Osei
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.
| | - Zikun Mao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China
| | - Ji Ye
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China.
| | - Fei Lin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China
| | - Shuai Fang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China
| | - Xugao Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhanqing Hao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Qinling Ecological Intelligent Monitoring and Protection, School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, China
| | - Arshad Ali
- Forest Ecology Research Group, College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei, China
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Steingruber SM. The influence of atmospheric deposition and climate change driven catchment internal processes on the recovery from acidification of high-altitude Alpine lakes. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 930:172699. [PMID: 38677418 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
The impact of atmospheric deposition and environmental factors on catchment processes and water chemistry of 20 high-altitude Alpine lakes in Southern Switzerland was investigated over four decades. Through the analysis of input-output budgets of sulphur (S), nitrogen (N), base cations and alkalinity significant trends emerged. Notably, S and N input concentrations significantly declined since the 1980s, by approximately 78 % and 22 %, respectively, with N primarily declining after 2000. Recovery from acidification was slightly delayed, likely due to the increased release of S, possibly originating from legacy S pools, alongside the simultaneous reduction in leaching of base cations from exchange sites. Catchments heavily impacted by thawing cryospheric features increasingly released S and base cations due to enhanced weathering processes, with hardly any impact on the recovery process, as evidenced by the balanced releases of S and base cations. N output concentrations followed the decrease of N input concentrations, while the relative N retention in the catchments remained relatively stable. Recently, both input concentrations of S and N have stabilised, while output concentrations of base cations began to increase across all catchments. The trend likely arises from the stabilisation of S and N input concentrations and/or the ongoing increase in weathering rates induced by climate change. Consequently, there was a consistent rise in alkalinity output concentrations even after the stabilisation of the S and N input concentrations. Ion ratio analysis suggests that carbonation primarily drives weathering processes in catchment areas unaffected by thawing cryosphere, while in areas impacted by thawing cryosphere, sulphide oxidation (or sulphate dissolution) is the dominant process. Further recovery depends on future N deposition and the effects of climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Martina Steingruber
- Dipartimento del Territorio del Canton Ticino, Ufficio Dell'aria, del Clima e Delle Energie Rinnovabili, Via Franco Zorzi 13, 6501 Bellinzona, Switzerland.
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3
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Li X, Black TA, Zha T, Jassal RS, Nesic Z, Lee SC, Bourque CPA, Hao S, Jin C, Liu P, Jia X, Tian Y. Long-term trend and interannual variation in evapotranspiration of a young temperate Douglas-fir stand over 2002-2022 reveals the impacts of climate change. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2024. [PMID: 38863246 DOI: 10.1111/pce.15000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
The shortage of decades-long continuous measurements of ecosystem processes limits our understanding of how changing climate impacts forest ecosystems. We used continuous eddy-covariance and hydrometeorological data over 2002-2022 from a young Douglas-fir stand on Vancouver Island, Canada to assess the long-term trend and interannual variability in evapotranspiration (ET) and transpiration (T). Collectively, annual T displayed a decreasing trend over the 21 years with a rate of 1% yr-1, which is attributed to the stomatal downregulation induced by rising atmospheric CO2 concentration. Similarly, annual ET also showed a decreasing trend since evaporation stayed relatively constant. Variability in detrended annual ET was mostly controlled by the average soil water storage during the growing season (May-October). Though the duration and intensity of the drought did not increase, the drought-induced decreases in T and ET showed an increasing trend. This pattern may reflect the changes in forest structure, related to the decline in the deciduous understory cover during the stand development. These results suggest that the water-saving effect of stomatal regulation and water-related factors mostly determined the trend and variability in ET, respectively. This may also imply an increase in the limitation of water availability on ET in young forests, associated with the structural and compositional changes related to forest growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinhao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - T Andrew Black
- Biometeorology and Soil Physics Group, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Tianshan Zha
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Rachhpal S Jassal
- Biometeorology and Soil Physics Group, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Zoran Nesic
- Biometeorology and Soil Physics Group, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Sung-Ching Lee
- Department of Biogeochemical Integration, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
| | - Charles P-A Bourque
- Faculty of Forestry and Environmental Management, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - Shaorong Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Chuan Jin
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Peng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Yun Tian
- School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
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4
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Mao J, Pan J, Song L, Zhang R, Wang J, Tian D, Wang Q, Liao J, Peng J, Niu S. Aridity threshold for alpine soil nitrogen isotope signature and ecosystem nitrogen cycling. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2024; 30:e17357. [PMID: 38822559 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.17357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
Determination of tipping points in nitrogen (N) isotope (δ15N) natural abundance, especially soil δ15N, with increasing aridity, is critical for estimating N-cycling dynamics and N limitation in terrestrial ecosystems. However, whether there are linear or nonlinear responses of soil δ15N to increases in aridity and if these responses correspond well with soil N cycling remains largely unknown. In this study, we investigated soil δ15N and soil N-cycling characteristics in both topsoil and subsoil layers along a drought gradient across a 3000-km transect of drylands on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. We found that the effect of increasing aridity on soil δ15N values shifted from negative to positive with thresholds at aridity index (AI) = 0.27 and 0.29 for the topsoil and subsoil, respectively, although soil N pools and N transformation rates linearly decreased with increasing aridity in both soil layers. Furthermore, we identified markedly different correlations between soil δ15N and soil N-cycling traits above and below the AI thresholds (0.27 and 0.29 for topsoil and subsoil, respectively). Specifically, in wetter regions, soil δ15N positively correlated with most soil N-cycling traits, suggesting that high soil δ15N may result from the "openness" of soil N cycling. Conversely, in drier regions, soil δ15N showed insignificant relationships with soil N-cycling traits and correlated well with factors, such as soil-available phosphorus and foliage δ15N, demonstrating that pathways other than typical soil N cycling may dominate soil δ15N under drier conditions. Overall, these results highlight that different ecosystem N-cycling processes may drive soil δ15N along the aridity gradient, broadening our understanding of N cycling as indicated by soil δ15N under changing drought regimes. The aridity threshold of soil δ15N should be considered in terrestrial N-cycling models when incorporating 15N isotope signals to predict N cycling and availability under climatic dryness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhua Mao
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Junxiao Pan
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Lei Song
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Ruiyang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Jinsong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Dashuan Tian
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Quancheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Jiaqiang Liao
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Jinlong Peng
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Shuli Niu
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
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Qu T, Zhao X, Yan S, Liu Y, Ameer MJ, Zhao L. Interruption after Short-Term Nitrogen Additions Improves Ecological Stability of Larix olgensis Forest Soil by Affecting Bacterial Communities. Microorganisms 2024; 12:969. [PMID: 38792798 PMCID: PMC11123698 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12050969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Atmospheric nitrogen deposition can alter soil microbial communities and further impact the structure and function of forest ecosystems. However, most studies are focused on positive or negative effects after nitrogen addition, and few studies pay attention to its interruption. In order to investigate whether interruption after different levels of short-term N additions still benefit soil health, we conducted a 2-year interruption after a 4-year short-term nitrogen addition (10 and 20 kg N·hm-2·yr-1) experiment; then, we compared soil microbial diversity and structure and analyzed soil physicochemical properties and their correlations before and after the interruption in Larix olgensis forest soil in northeast China. The results showed that soil ecological stabilization of Larix olgensis forest further improved after the interruption compared to pre-interruption. The TN, C:P, N:P, and C:N:P ratios increased significantly regardless of the previous nitrogen addition concentration, and soil nutrient cycling was further promoted. The relative abundance of the original beneficial microbial taxa Gemmatimonas, Sphingomonas, and Pseudolabrys increased; new beneficial bacteria Ellin6067, Massilia, Solirubrobacter, and Bradyrhizobium appeared, and the species of beneficial soil microorganisms were further improved. The results of this study elucidated the dynamics of the bacterial community before and after the interruption of short-term nitrogen addition and could provide data support and a reference basis for forest ecosystem restoration strategies and management under the background of global nitrogen deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Lei Zhao
- College of Forestry and Grassland, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; (T.Q.); (X.Z.); (S.Y.); (Y.L.); (M.J.A.)
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6
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Elrys AS, Desoky ESM, Zhu Q, Liu L, Yun-Xing W, Wang C, Shuirong T, Yanzheng W, Meng L, Zhang J, Müller C. Climate controls on nitrate dynamics and gross nitrogen cycling response to nitrogen deposition in global forest soils. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 920:171006. [PMID: 38369137 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Understanding the patterns and controls regulating nitrogen (N) transformation and its response to N enrichment is critical to re-evaluating soil N limitation or availability and its environmental consequences. Nevertheless, how climatic conditions affect nitrate dynamics and the response of gross N cycling rates to N enrichment in forest soils is still only rudimentarily known. Through collecting and analyzing 4426-single and 769-paired observations from 231 15N labeling studies, we found that nitrification capacity [the ratio of gross autotrophic nitrification (GAN) to gross N mineralization (GNM)] was significantly lower in tropical/subtropical (19%) than in temperate (68%) forest soils, mainly due to the higher GNM and lower GAN in tropical/subtropical regions resulting from low C/N ratio and high precipitation, respectively. However, nitrate retention capacity [the ratio of dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA) plus gross nitrate immobilization (INO3) to gross nitrification] was significantly higher in tropical/subtropical (86%) than in temperate (54%) forest soils, mainly due to the higher precipitation and GNM of tropical/subtropical regions, which stimulated DNRA and INO3. As a result, the ratio of GAN to ammonium immobilization (INH4) was significantly higher in temperate than in tropical/subtropical soils. Climatic rather than edaphic factors control heterotrophic nitrification rate (GHN) in forest soils. GHN significantly increased with increasing temperature in temperate regions and with decreasing precipitation in tropical/subtropical regions. In temperate forest soils, gross N transformation rates were insensitive to N enrichment. In tropical/subtropical forests, however, N enrichment significantly stimulated GNM, GAN and GAN to INH4 ratio, but inhibited INH4 and INO3 due to reduced microbial biomass and pH. We propose that temperate forest soils have higher nitrification capacity and lower nitrate retention capacity, implying a higher potential risk of N losses. However, tropical/subtropical forest systems shift from a conservative to a leaky N-cycling system in response to N enrichment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed S Elrys
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China; College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; Soil Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt; Liebig Centre for Agroecology and Climate Impact Research, Justus Liebig University, Germany
| | - El-Sayed M Desoky
- Botany Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Qilin Zhu
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Lijun Liu
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Wan Yun-Xing
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Chengzhi Wang
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Tang Shuirong
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China; College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Wu Yanzheng
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Lei Meng
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China; College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
| | - Jinbo Zhang
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China; College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; Liebig Centre for Agroecology and Climate Impact Research, Justus Liebig University, Germany; School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Christoph Müller
- Liebig Centre for Agroecology and Climate Impact Research, Justus Liebig University, Germany; Institute of Plant Ecology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26, 35392 Giessen, Germany; School of Biology and Environmental Science and Earth Institute, University College Dublin 4, Ireland
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7
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Zhu Q, Liu L, Liu J, Wan Y, Yang R, Mou J, He Q, Tang S, Dan X, Wu Y, Zhu T, Meng L, Elrys AS, Müller C, Zhang J. Land Use Change from Natural Tropical Forests to Managed Ecosystems Reduces Gross Nitrogen Production Rates and Increases the Soil Microbial Nitrogen Limitation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:2786-2797. [PMID: 38311839 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c08104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
Understanding the underlying mechanisms of soil microbial nitrogen (N) utilization under land use change is critical to evaluating soil N availability or limitation and its environmental consequences. A combination of soil gross N production and ecoenzymatic stoichiometry provides a promising avenue for nutrient limitation assessment in soil microbial metabolism. Gross N production via 15N tracing and ecoenzymatic stoichiometry through the vector and threshold element ratio (Vector-TER) model were quantified to evaluate the soil microbial N limitation in response to land use changes. We used tropical soil samples from a natural forest ecosystem and three managed ecosystems (paddy, rubber, and eucalyptus sites). Soil extracellular enzyme activities were significantly lower in managed ecosystems than in a natural forest. The Vector-TER model results indicated microbial carbon (C) and N limitations in the natural forest soil, and land use change from the natural forest to managed ecosystems increased the soil microbial N limitation. The soil microbial N limitation was positively related to gross N mineralization (GNM) and nitrification (GN) rates. The decrease in microbial biomass C and N as well as hydrolyzable ammonium N in managed ecosystems led to the decrease in N-acquiring enzymes, inhibiting GNM and GN rates and ultimately increasing the microbial N limitation. Soil GNM was also positively correlated with leucine aminopeptidase and β-N-acetylglucosaminidase. The results highlight that converting tropical natural forests to managed ecosystems can increase the soil microbial N limitation through reducing the soil microbial biomass and gross N production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qilin Zhu
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China
| | - Lijun Liu
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forest, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Juan Liu
- College of Resource and Environment Science, Yunnan AgriculturalUniversity, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Yunxing Wan
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China
| | - Ruoyan Yang
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China
| | - Jinxia Mou
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China
| | - Qiuxiang He
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forest, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Shuirong Tang
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China
| | - Xiaoqian Dan
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forest, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Yanzheng Wu
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forest, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Tongbin Zhu
- Karst Dynamics Laboratory, MLR and Guangxi, Institute of Karst Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Lei Meng
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China
| | - Ahmed S Elrys
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forest, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
- Soil Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
- Liebig Centre for Agroecology and Climate Impact Research, Justus Liebig University, Giessen 35392, Germany
| | - Christoph Müller
- Liebig Centre for Agroecology and Climate Impact Research, Justus Liebig University, Giessen 35392, Germany
- Institute of Plant Ecology, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26, Giessen 35392, Germany
- School of Biology and Environmental Science and Earth Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4 D04 C1P1, Ireland
| | - Jinbo Zhang
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China
- Liebig Centre for Agroecology and Climate Impact Research, Justus Liebig University, Giessen 35392, Germany
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8
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Fang J, Li S, Zhao N, Xu X, Zhou Y, Lu S. Uptake and distribution of the inorganic components NH 4+ and NO 3- in PM 2.5 by two Chinese conifers. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 907:167573. [PMID: 37804978 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
Plants can effectively purify PM2.5 in the air, thereby improving air quality. Understanding the mechanisms of the uptake and distribution of PM2.5 in plants is crucial for enhancing their ecological benefits. In this study, the uptake and distribution of the water-soluble inorganic compounds ammonium (NH4+) and nitrate (NO3-) ions in PM2.5 by the two native Chinese conifers Manchurian red pine (Pinus tabuliformis) and Bunge's pine (P. bungeana) were investigated using a one-time aerosol treatment method combined with 15N tracing. The results showed the following: (1) Plants can efficiently uptake NH4+ (0.08-0.21 μg/g) and NO3- (0.03-0.68 μg/g) from PM2.5. Manchurian red pine uptakes these compounds more effectively with increases of 2.01-fold for NH4+ and 1.02-fold for NO3- compared with Bunge's pine. (2) The aboveground organs of the plants uptake and distribute more 15N than the belowground organs. The branches had the highest unit mass uptake (0.08-1.60 μg/g) and rate of distribution (16.91-53.60 %) for NH4+, while the leaves had the highest unit mass uptake (0.15-1.18 μg/g) and rate of distribution (50.78-84.88 %) for NO3-. (3) The ability of the aboveground organs to uptake 15N is influenced by the concentration of PM2.5, which showed an overall increase with increasing concentrations with some fluctuations in specific organs. However, the belowground organs were not affected by the concentration of PM2.5. (4) A larger specific leaf area, root-shoot ratio, branch biomass ratio, coarse root biomass ratio, and lower trunk biomass ratio favors the uptake of NH4+ from PM2.5, whereas these traits had a minimal influence on the uptake of NO3-. Manchurian red pine uptaked significantly more NH4+ compared with Bunge's pine, which benefited from the traits described above. These findings further revealed the mechanism of PM2.5 uptake by plants and its relationship with PM2.5 concentration and plant traits, and provided a scientific basis for how to effectively utilize plants to reduce PM2.5 pollution and purify the environment in areas with different pollution concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxing Fang
- Forestry College of Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China; Institute of Forestry and Pomology, Beijing Academy of Forestry and Pomology Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; Beijing Yanshan Forest Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Shaoning Li
- Forestry College of Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China; Institute of Forestry and Pomology, Beijing Academy of Forestry and Pomology Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; Beijing Yanshan Forest Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Na Zhao
- Institute of Forestry and Pomology, Beijing Academy of Forestry and Pomology Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; Beijing Yanshan Forest Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Xiaotian Xu
- Institute of Forestry and Pomology, Beijing Academy of Forestry and Pomology Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; Beijing Yanshan Forest Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Yongbin Zhou
- Institute of Modern Agricultural Research, Dalian University, Dalian 116622, China; Life Science and Technology College, Dalian University, Dalian 116622, China.
| | - Shaowei Lu
- Forestry College of Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China; Institute of Forestry and Pomology, Beijing Academy of Forestry and Pomology Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; Beijing Yanshan Forest Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Beijing 100093, China.
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9
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He S, Du J, Wang Y, Cui L, Liu W, Xiao Y, Ran Q, Li L, Zhang Z, Tang L, Hu R, Hao Y, Cui X, Xue K. Differences in background environment and fertilization method mediate plant response to nitrogen fertilization in alpine grasslands on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 906:167272. [PMID: 37774870 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
Grassland degradation threatens ecosystem function and livestock production, partly induced by soil nutrient deficiency due to the lack of nutrient return to soils, which is largely ascribed to the intense grazing activities. Therefore, nitrogen (N) fertilization has been widely adopted to restore degraded Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP) grasslands. Despite numerous field manipulation studies investigating its effects on alpine grasslands, the patterns and thresholds of plant response to N fertilization remain unclear, thus hindering the prediction of its influences on the regional scale. Here, we established a random forest model to predict N fertilization effects on plant productivity based on a meta-analysis synthesizing 88 publications in QTP grasslands. Our results showed that N fertilization increased the aboveground biomass (AGB) by 46.51 %, varying wildly among plant functional groups. The positive fertilization effects intensified when the N fertilization rate increased to 272 kg ha-1 yr-1, and decreased after three years of continuous fertilization. These effects were more substantial when applying ammonium nitrate compared to urea. Further, a machine learning model was used to predict plant productivity response to N fertilization. The total explained variance and mean squared residuals ranged from 49.41 to 75.13 % and 0.011-0.058, respectively, both being the highest for grasses. The crucial predictors were identified as climatic and geographic factors, background AGB without N fertilization, and fertilization methods (i.e., rate, form, and duration). These predictors with easy access contributed 62.47 % of the prediction power of grasses' response, thus enhancing the generalizability and replicability of our model. Notably, if 30 % of yak dung is returned to soils on the QTP, the grassland productivity and plant carbon pool are predicted to increase by 5.90-6.51 % and 9.35-10.31 g C m-2 yr -1, respectively. Overall, the predictions of this study based on literature synthesis enhance our understanding of plant responses to N fertilization in QTP grasslands, thereby providing helpful information for grassland management policies. Conflict of interest: The authors declare no conflict of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun He
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jianqing Du
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Beijing Yanshan Earth Critical Zone National Research Station, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
| | - Yanfen Wang
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Beijing Yanshan Earth Critical Zone National Research Station, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China; State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System, Environment and Resources (TPESER), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Lizhen Cui
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wenjing Liu
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yifan Xiao
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qinwei Ran
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Linfeng Li
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zuopei Zhang
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Li Tang
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ronghai Hu
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Beijing Yanshan Earth Critical Zone National Research Station, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
| | - Yanbin Hao
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Beijing Yanshan Earth Critical Zone National Research Station, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
| | - Xiaoyong Cui
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Beijing Yanshan Earth Critical Zone National Research Station, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
| | - Kai Xue
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Beijing Yanshan Earth Critical Zone National Research Station, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China; Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810001, China; Binzhou Institute of Technology, Weiqiao-UCAS Science and Technology Park, Binzhou 256606, China
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10
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Liu N, Feng Y, Wei L, Liu F. Responses of plant carbon and nitrogen assimilations to nitrogen addition in a subtropical forest: Canopy addition vs. understory addition. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 266:115545. [PMID: 37806128 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
The global atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition has intensified in recent years, resulting in a complex impact on forest ecosystems. This study investigated the effects of canopy (CAN) and understory additions of N (UAN) on leaf carbon (C) and N assimilations, as well as growth parameters of representative woody plant species in an evergreen broad-leaved forest, i.e. Castanea henryi, Schefflera heptaphylla, Blastus cochinchinensis, and Lasianthus chinensis. The results showed that leaf N assimilation key enzyme nitrate reductase (NR) activities of B. cochinchinensis and S. heptaphylla were significantly decreased by UAN, and were significantly decreased by CAN for C. henryi. CAN significantly decreased the nitrite reductase activity of C. henryi, while significantly increased that of L. chinensis. However, the Amax values of each woody species were not significantly different among control (CK), CAN, and UAN. Community surveys demonstrated that CAN and UAN inhibited the growth (diameter at breast height, height, or crown width) of the representative large tree, C. henryi, while promoting the growths of understory woody species (B. cochinchinensis and L. chinensis). Overall, N addition was found to change the physiological processes of N and C metabolisms of the dominant woody species in an evergreen broad-leaved forest. The community of subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forests may further decline and its C fixation capacity may be detrimentally changed under N deposition in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 510650 Guangzhou, China; College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, 341000 Ganzhou, China.
| | - Yarong Feng
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 510650 Guangzhou, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
| | - Liping Wei
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 510650 Guangzhou, China
| | - Fangyan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 510650 Guangzhou, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
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11
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Ren J, Fang S, Wang QW, Liu H, Lin F, Ye J, Hao Z, Wang X, Fortunel C. Ontogeny influences tree growth response to soil fertility and neighbourhood crowding in an old-growth temperate forest. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2023; 131:1061-1072. [PMID: 36454654 PMCID: PMC10457036 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcac146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Abiotic and biotic factors simultaneously affect tree growth and thus shape community structure and dynamics. In particular, trees of different size classes show different growth responses to soil nutrients and neighbourhood crowding, but our understanding of how species' joint responses to these factors vary between size classes remains limited in multi-storied temperate forests. Here, we investigated size class differences in tree growth response to soil gradients and neighbourhood crowding in an old-growth temperate forest. METHODS We combined growth data over 15 years from 38 902 individuals of 42 tree species with trait data in a 25-ha temperate forest plot in northeast China. We built hierarchical Bayesian models of tree growth to examine the effects of soil gradients and neighbourhood crowding between size classes and canopy types. KEY RESULTS We found that soil and neighbours mainly acted separately in shaping tree growth in small and large trees. Soil total nitrogen and phosphorus increased tree growth in small trees, in particular of understorey species, but not in large trees. Neighbours reduced tree growth in both tree size classes, with stronger effects on large than small trees, and on canopy than understorey species. Furthermore, small trees with higher specific leaf area grew faster in fertile soils, and small trees with less seed mass grew faster in crowded environments. Large trees with higher specific leaf area, specific root length and less seed mass grew faster in crowded environments, while these traits had limited influence on tree growth response to soil gradients. CONCLUSIONS Our study highlights the importance of size class in modulating the response of tree growth to soil and neighbours, and the differential role of species canopy types and functional traits in capturing these effects in large vs. small trees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Ren
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Shuai Fang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Qing-Wei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Hongyan Liu
- College of Urban and Environmental Science, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Lin
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Ji Ye
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Zhanqing Hao
- School of Ecological and Environmental, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China
| | - Xugao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
- Key Laboratory of Terrestrial Ecosystem Carbon Neutrality, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Claire Fortunel
- AMAP (Botanique et Modélisation de l’Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations), Université de Montpellier, CIRAD, CNRS, INRAE, IRD, Montpellier, France
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12
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Lassiter MG, Lin J, Compton JE, Phelan J, Sabo RD, Stoddard JL, McDow SR, Greaver TL. Shifts in the composition of nitrogen deposition in the conterminous United States are discernable in stream chemistry. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 881:163409. [PMID: 37044336 PMCID: PMC10332341 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Across the conterminous United States (U.S.), the composition of atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition is changing spatially and temporally. Previously, deposition was dominated by oxidized N, but now reduced N (ammonia [NH3] + ammonium [NH4+]) is equivalent to oxidized N when deposition is averaged across the entire nation and, in some areas, reduced N dominates deposition. To evaluate if there are effects of this change on stream chemistry at the national scale, estimates of N deposition form (oxidized or reduced) from the National Atmospheric Deposition Program Total Deposition data were coupled with stream measurements from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) National Rivers and Streams Assessments (three stream surveys between 2000 and 2014). A recent fine-scaled N input inventory was used to identify watersheds (<1000 km2) where atmospheric deposition is the largest N source (n = 1906). Within these more atmospherically-influenced watersheds there was a clear temporal shift from a greater proportion of sites dominated by oxidized N deposition to a greater proportion of sites dominated by reduced forms of N deposition. We found a significant positive correlation between oxidized N deposition and stream NO3- concentrations, whereas the correlation between reduced N deposition and stream NO3- concentrations were significant but weaker. Sites dominated by atmospheric inputs of reduced N forms had higher stream total organic N and total N despite lower total N deposition on average. This higher stream concentration of total N is mainly driven by the higher concentration of total organic N, suggesting an interaction between elevated reduced N in deposition and living components of the ecosystem or soil organic matter dynamics. Regardless of the proportion of reduced to oxidized N forms in deposition, stream NH4+ concentrations were generally low, suggesting that N deposited in a reduced form is rapidly immobilized, nitrified and/or assimilated by watershed processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meredith G Lassiter
- United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA), Office of Research and Development, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Health and Environmental Effects Assessment Division, 109 T.W. Alexander Dr. Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, United States.
| | - Jiajia Lin
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Postdoctoral Participant, Corvallis, OR 97333, United States; U.S. EPA, Office of Research and Development, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Pacific Ecological Systems Division, 200 SW 35th St., Corvallis, OR 97333, United States.
| | - Jana E Compton
- U.S. EPA, Office of Research and Development, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Pacific Ecological Systems Division, 200 SW 35th St., Corvallis, OR 97333, United States.
| | - Jennifer Phelan
- RTI International, P.O. Box 12194, 3040 Cornwallis Rd., RTP, NC 27709, United States.
| | - Robert D Sabo
- US EPA Headquarters, Office of Research and Development, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Health and Environmental Effects Assessment Division, 1200 Penn Ave NW, Mailcode 8623-P, Washington, DC 20460, United States.
| | - John L Stoddard
- U.S. EPA, Office of Research and Development, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Pacific Ecological Systems Division, 200 SW 35th St., Corvallis, OR 97333, United States.
| | - Stephen R McDow
- United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA), Office of Research and Development, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Health and Environmental Effects Assessment Division, 109 T.W. Alexander Dr. Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, United States.
| | - Tara L Greaver
- United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA), Office of Research and Development, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Health and Environmental Effects Assessment Division, 109 T.W. Alexander Dr. Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, United States.
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13
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Melikov CH, Bukoski JJ, Cook-Patton SC, Ban H, Chen JL, Potts MD. Quantifying the Effect Size of Management Actions on Aboveground Carbon Stocks in Forest Plantations. CURRENT FORESTRY REPORTS 2023; 9:131-148. [PMID: 37426633 PMCID: PMC10328870 DOI: 10.1007/s40725-023-00182-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Purpose of the Review Improved forest management is a promising avenue for climate change mitigation. However, we lack synthetic understanding of how different management actions impact aboveground carbon stocks, particularly at scales relevant for designing and implementing forest-based climate solutions. Here, we quantitatively assess and review the impacts of three common practices-application of inorganic NPK fertilizer, interplanting with N-fixing species, and thinning-on aboveground carbon stocks in plantation forests. Recent Findings Site-level empirical studies show both positive and negative effects of inorganic fertilization, interplanting, and thinning on aboveground carbon stocks in plantation forests. Recent findings and the results of our analysis suggest that these effects are heavily moderated by factors such as species selection, precipitation, time since practice, soil moisture regime, and previous land use. Interplanting of N-fixing crops initially has no effect on carbon storage in main tree crops, but the effect becomes positive in older stands. Conversely, the application of NPK fertilizers increases aboveground carbon stocks, though the effect lessens with time. Moreover, increases in aboveground carbon stocks may be partially or completely offset by emissions from the application of inorganic fertilizer. Thinning results in a strong reduction of aboveground carbon stocks, though the effect lessens with time. Summary Management practices tend to have strong directional effects on aboveground carbon stocks in plantation forests but are moderated by site-specific management, climatic, and edaphic factors. The effect sizes quantified in our meta-analysis can serve as benchmarks for the design and scoping of improved forest management projects as forest-based climate solutions. Overall, management actions can enhance the climate mitigation potential of plantation forests, if performed with sufficient attention to the nuances of local conditions. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40725-023-00182-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyril H. Melikov
- Environmental Defense Fund, New York, NY USA
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA USA
| | - Jacob J. Bukoski
- Moore Center for Science, Conservation International, Arlington, VA USA
- Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR USA
| | | | - Hongyi Ban
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA USA
| | - Jessica L. Chen
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA USA
| | - Matthew D. Potts
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA USA
- Carbon Direct Inc, New York, NY USA
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14
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Caron S, Garvey SM, Gewirtzman J, Schultz K, Bhatnagar JM, Driscoll C, Hutyra LR, Templer PH. Urbanization and fragmentation have opposing effects on soil nitrogen availability in temperate forest ecosystems. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2023; 29:2156-2171. [PMID: 36682025 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) availability relative to plant demand has been declining in recent years in terrestrial ecosystems throughout the world, a phenomenon known as N oligotrophication. The temperate forests of the northeastern U.S. have experienced a particularly steep decline in bioavailable N, which is expected to be exacerbated by climate change. This region has also experienced rapid urban expansion in recent decades that leads to forest fragmentation, and it is unknown whether and how these changes affect N availability and uptake by forest trees. Many studies have examined the impact of either urbanization or forest fragmentation on nitrogen (N) cycling, but none to our knowledge have focused on the combined effects of these co-occurring environmental changes. We examined the effects of urbanization and fragmentation on oak-dominated (Quercus spp.) forests along an urban to rural gradient from Boston to central Massachusetts (MA). At eight study sites along the urbanization gradient, plant and soil measurements were made along a 90 m transect from a developed edge to an intact forest interior. Rates of net ammonification, net mineralization, and foliar N concentrations were significantly higher in urban than rural sites, while net nitrification and foliar C:N were not different between urban and rural forests. At urban sites, foliar N and net ammonification and mineralization were higher at forest interiors compared to edges, while net nitrification and foliar C:N were higher at rural forest edges than interiors. These results indicate that urban forests in the northeastern U.S. have greater soil N availability and N uptake by trees compared to rural forests, counteracting the trend for widespread N oligotrophication in temperate forests around the globe. Such increases in available N are diminished at forest edges, however, demonstrating that forest fragmentation has the opposite effect of urbanization on coupled N availability and demand by trees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Caron
- Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sarah M Garvey
- Department of Earth and Environment, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jonathan Gewirtzman
- Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- School of the Environment, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Kyle Schultz
- Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Charles Driscoll
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Lucy R Hutyra
- Department of Earth and Environment, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Pamela H Templer
- Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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15
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Pschenyckyj C, Donahue T, Kelly-Quinn M, O’Driscoll C, Renou-Wilson F. An examination of the influence of drained peatlands on regional stream water chemistry. HYDROBIOLOGIA 2023; 850:3313-3339. [PMID: 37397166 PMCID: PMC10307720 DOI: 10.1007/s10750-023-05188-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Currently, 50% of Irish rivers do not meet water quality standards, with many declining due to numerous pressures, including peatland degradation. This study examines stream water quality in the Irish midlands, a region where raised bogs have been all historically disturbed to various extent and the majority drained for industrial or domestic peat extraction. For the first time, we provide in-depth analysis of stream water chemistry within a heavily modified bog landscape. Small streams from degraded bogs exhibited greater levels of pollutants, in particular: total dissolved nitrogen (0.48 mg/l) and sulphate (18.49 mg/l) as well as higher electrical conductivity (mean: 334 μS/cm) compared to similar bog streams in near-natural bogs. Except for site-specific nitrogen pollution in certain streams surrounding degraded peatlands, the chemical composition of the receiving streams did not significantly differ between near-natural and degraded sites, reflecting the spatio-temporal scales of disturbance in this complex peat-scape. Dissolved organic carbon concentrations in all the receiving streams were high (27.2 mg/l) compared to other Irish streams, even within other peatland catchments. The region is experiencing overall a widespread loss of fluvial nitrogen and carbon calling for (a) the development of management instruments at site-level (water treatment) and landscape-level (rewetting) to assist with meeting water quality standards in the region, and (b) the routine monitoring of water chemistry as part of current and future peatland management activities. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10750-023-05188-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catharine Pschenyckyj
- School of Biology & Environmental Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Thomas Donahue
- School of Biology & Environmental Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Mary Kelly-Quinn
- School of Biology & Environmental Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | | | - Florence Renou-Wilson
- School of Biology & Environmental Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
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16
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Ecological Risks from Atmospheric Deposition of Nitrogen and Sulphur in Jack Pine forests of Northwestern Canada. NITROGEN 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/nitrogen4010008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic elevated nitrogen (N) deposition can have adverse effects on terrestrial ecosystems. For large areas of northern Canada distant from emissions sources, long-range atmospheric transport of N may impact plant species diversity, even at low deposition levels. The objective of this study was to establish plant species community thresholds for N deposition under multiple environmental gradients using gradient forest analysis. Plant species abundance data for 297 Jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.)-dominant forest plots across Alberta and Saskatchewan, Canada, were evaluated against 43 bioclimatic and deposition variables. Bioclimatic variables were overwhelmingly the most important drivers of community thresholds. Nonetheless, dry N oxide (DNO) and dry N dioxide deposition inferred a total deposited N (TDN) community threshold of 1.4–2.1 kg N ha−1 yr−1. This range was predominantly associated with changes in several lichen species, including Cladina mitis, Vulpicida pinastri, Evernia mesomorpha and Lecanora circumborealis, some of which are known bioindicators of N deposition. A secondary DNO threshold appeared to be driving changes in several vascular species and was equivalent to 2.45–3.15 kg N ha−1 yr−1 on the TDN gradient. These results suggest that in low deposition ‘background’ regions a biodiversity-based empirical critical load of 1.4–3.15 kg N ha−1 yr−1 will protect lichen communities and other N-sensitive species in Jack pine forests across Northwestern Canada. Nitrogen deposition above the critical load may lead to adverse effects on plant species biodiversity within these forests.
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17
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Kaushal SS, Mayer PM, Likens GE, Reimer JE, Maas CM, Rippy MA, Grant SB, Hart I, Utz RM, Shatkay RR, Wessel BM, Maietta CE, Pace ML, Duan S, Boger WL, Yaculak AM, Galella JG, Wood KL, Morel CJ, Nguyen W, Querubin SEC, Sukert RA, Lowien A, Houde AW, Roussel A, Houston AJ, Cacopardo A, Ho C, Talbot-Wendlandt H, Widmer JM, Slagle J, Bader JA, Chong JH, Wollney J, Kim J, Shepherd L, Wilfong MT, Houlihan M, Sedghi N, Butcher R, Chaudhary S, Becker WD. Five state factors control progressive stages of freshwater salinization syndrome. LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY LETTERS 2023; 8:190-211. [PMID: 37539375 PMCID: PMC10395323 DOI: 10.1002/lol2.10248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Factors driving freshwater salinization syndrome (FSS) influence the severity of impacts and chances for recovery. We hypothesize that spread of FSS across ecosystems is a function of interactions among five state factors: human activities, geology, flowpaths, climate, and time. (1) Human activities drive pulsed or chronic inputs of salt ions and mobilization of chemical contaminants. (2) Geology drives rates of erosion, weathering, ion exchange, and acidification-alkalinization. (3) Flowpaths drive salinization and contaminant mobilization along hydrologic cycles. (4) Climate drives rising water temperatures, salt stress, and evaporative concentration of ions and saltwater intrusion. (5) Time influences consequences, thresholds, and potentials for ecosystem recovery. We hypothesize that state factors advance FSS in distinct stages, which eventually contribute to failures in systems-level functions (supporting drinking water, crops, biodiversity, infrastructure, etc.). We present future research directions for protecting freshwaters at risk based on five state factors and stages from diagnosis to prognosis to cure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujay S. Kaushal
- Department of Geology & Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland
| | - Paul M. Mayer
- Pacific Ecological Systems Division, US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Corvallis, Oregon
| | - Gene E. Likens
- Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies, Millbrook, New York
- University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut
| | - Jenna E. Reimer
- Department of Geology & Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland
| | - Carly M. Maas
- Department of Geology & Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland
| | - Megan A. Rippy
- Occoquan Watershed Monitoring Laboratory, The Charles E. Via Jr Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Tech, Manassas, Virginia
- Center for Coastal Studies, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia
| | - Stanley B. Grant
- Occoquan Watershed Monitoring Laboratory, The Charles E. Via Jr Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Tech, Manassas, Virginia
- Center for Coastal Studies, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia
| | - Ian Hart
- Chatham University, Gibsonia, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Ruth R. Shatkay
- Department of Geology & Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland
| | - Barret M. Wessel
- Department of Environmental Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland
| | - Christine E. Maietta
- Department of Environmental Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland
| | - Michael L. Pace
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Shuiwang Duan
- Department of Geology & Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland
| | - Walter L. Boger
- Department of Geology & Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland
| | - Alexis M. Yaculak
- Department of Geology & Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland
| | - Joseph G. Galella
- Department of Geology & Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland
| | - Kelsey L. Wood
- Department of Geology & Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland
| | - Carol J. Morel
- Department of Geology & Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland
| | - William Nguyen
- Department of Geology & Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland
| | - Shane Elizabeth C. Querubin
- Department of Geology & Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland
| | - Rebecca A. Sukert
- Department of Geology & Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland
| | - Anna Lowien
- Environmental Science & Policy Program, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland
| | - Alyssa Wellman Houde
- Department of Environmental Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland
| | - Anaïs Roussel
- Department of Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Andrew J. Houston
- Department of Geology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland
| | - Ari Cacopardo
- Department of Geology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland
| | - Cristy Ho
- Department of Geology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland
| | | | - Jacob M. Widmer
- Department of Geology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland
| | - Jairus Slagle
- Department of Geology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland
| | - James A. Bader
- Department of Geology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland
| | - Jeng Hann Chong
- Department of Geology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland
| | - Jenna Wollney
- Department of Geology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland
| | - Jordan Kim
- Department of Environmental Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland
| | - Lauren Shepherd
- Department of Geology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland
| | - Matthew T. Wilfong
- Department of Environmental Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland
| | - Megan Houlihan
- Department of Geology & Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland
| | - Nathan Sedghi
- Department of Environmental Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland
| | - Rebecca Butcher
- Department of Geology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland
| | - Sona Chaudhary
- Department of Geology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland
| | - William D. Becker
- Department of Geology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland
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18
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Plant nitrogen retention in alpine grasslands of the Tibetan Plateau under multi-level nitrogen addition. Sci Rep 2023; 13:877. [PMID: 36650209 PMCID: PMC9845361 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-27392-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) deposition might alleviate degradation of alpine grassland caused by N limitation on the Tibetan Plateau (TP). To determine such limitation and quantify the N-induced N retention in plant, a six-year fertilization experiment with six levels of N addition rates (0, 1, 2, 4, 8 and 16 g N m-2 yr-1) was conducted in the Namco alpine steppe and additional 89 experiments with multi-level N addition were also synthesized worldwide among which 27 sites were on the TP. In general, N addition promoted N retention in plants, and this increasing trend diminished at the critical N rate (Ncr). The maximum N retention capacity (MNRC) of plants at Ncr was strongly correlated with initial aboveground net primary productivity with a slope of 0.02, and the MNRC of grasslands globally ranged from 0.35 to 42.59 g N m-2 yr-1, approximately account for 39% of Ncr. Tibetan alpine grassland had a low average MNRC (2.24 g N m-2 yr-1) with distinct regional characteristic, which was much lower in the western TP (0.80 g N m-2 yr-1) than the eastern TP (4.10 g N m-2 yr-1). Our results inferred 0.33-1.21 Tg N yr-1 (0.22-0.79 g N m-2 yr-1) can be retained and 5.65-20.11 Tg C yr-1 (3.67-13.06 g C m-2 yr-1) can be gained by Tibetan alpine grasslands under current N deposition level. With the aggravation of N deposition, the alpine steppe ecosystem might continuously absorb N and C until N deposition reaches Ncr.
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19
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McDonough AM, Watmough SA. Interactive effects of precipitation and above canopy nitrogen deposition on understorey vascular plants in a jack pine (Pinus banksiana) forest in northern Alberta, Canada. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 855:158708. [PMID: 36099949 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Elevated nitrogen (N) deposition in the bituminous sands region of northern Alberta, Canada is localized but expected to increase over time. Here we seek to determine the effects of above canopy N deposition on understorey vascular plants in a jack pine (Pinus banksiana) stand in a five-year experimental study. Aqueous N (ammonium nitrate) was applied four times annually (May through October) via helicopter above the canopy between 2011 and 2015 across a narrow but environmentally relevant N deposition gradient (0, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 kg N ha-1 yr-1). Changes in vascular plant species richness, diversity and total vascular cover were best explained by throughfall water flux, but the positive responses to precipitation decreased with increasing N application. Arctostaphylos uva-ursi and Maianthemum canadense showed positive cover increases in wet years; however, the positive cover expansion at ≥5 kg N ha-1 yr-1 treatments was suppressed relative to controls. Total cover expansion was muted in low precipitation years in treatments ≥10 kg N ha-1 yr-1. In contrast, Vaccinium vitis-idaea cover changes ≥10 kg N ha-1 yr-1 were consistently negative. There were no differences in soil net N mineralization rates, plant foliar N or NO3- leaching among treatments. We conjecture the extensive moss/lichen layer of the forest floor that accumulates most of incoming N in throughfall allows them to outcompete vascular plants for water during higher precipitation years, effectively reducing vascular cover expansion relative to controls. This work suggests the response of vascular plants in xeric jack pine ecosystems may interact with climate and these interactions should be considered in risk assessment studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M McDonough
- Ontario Ministry of the Environment, Conservation and Parks, 125 Resources Road, Etobicoke, Ontario MP9 3V6, Canada.
| | - Shaun A Watmough
- School of the Environment, Trent University, 1600 West Bank Drive, Peterborough, Ontario K9J 7B8, Canada
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20
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Tian Y, Wang J, Zhou L, Tao L, Lin Y, Hui D, Ren H, Lu H. Nitrogen budgets of a lower subtropical forest as affected by 6 years of over-canopy and understory nitrogen additions. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 852:158546. [PMID: 36067860 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Although tropical and subtropical regions have replaced temperate regions as the global-change hotspots for increased atmosphere nitrogen (N) deposition, whether the regional forests reach N saturation is still unclear. Understory or floor N addition has been commonly used in N-deposition studies, but the results of such studies have recently been challenged because they fail to account for canopy interception, assimilation, and leaching processes. Here, we conducted a field experiment to quantify the effects of over-canopy and understory N addition on N budgets in a lower subtropical monsoon evergreen broadleaved (LSMEB) forest. We found that the LSMEB forest was not N saturated after receiving additional N at 25 and 50 kg ha-1 yr-1 for 6 years. Plants were able to absorb the added N by increasing the N concentrations in their organs, with 120-412 % increasing trend of plant N pools under N-addition treatments. Canopy absorption of N resulting from over-canopy N addition led to increases in N concentrations in tree organs but not to increases in tree biomass. Understory N addition could underestimate the effects of N deposition in forests due to neglecting canopy N interception and canopy effects on N redistribution. Additional experiments using over-canopy N addition are needed to assess the true effects of N deposition on different forest ecosystems in different climate zones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Tian
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Vegetation Ecosystem Restoration on Islands and Coastal Zones & Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511458, China
| | - Jun Wang
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Vegetation Ecosystem Restoration on Islands and Coastal Zones & Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Lang Zhou
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Vegetation Ecosystem Restoration on Islands and Coastal Zones & Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; Forestry Comprehensive Affairs Center of Baiyun District, Guangzhou 510540, China
| | - Libin Tao
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Vegetation Ecosystem Restoration on Islands and Coastal Zones & Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for the Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions, Ministry of Education, College of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Jinming Avenue, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Yongbiao Lin
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Vegetation Ecosystem Restoration on Islands and Coastal Zones & Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511458, China
| | - Dafeng Hui
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tennessee State University, Nashville, TN 37209, USA
| | - Hai Ren
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Vegetation Ecosystem Restoration on Islands and Coastal Zones & Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China.
| | - Hongfang Lu
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Vegetation Ecosystem Restoration on Islands and Coastal Zones & Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511458, China.
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21
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Pereira MAG, Domingos M, da Silva EA, Aragaki S, Ramon M, Barbosa de Camargo P, Ferreira ML. Isotopic composition (δ 13C and δ 15N) in the soil-plant system of subtropical urban forests. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 851:158052. [PMID: 35988596 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This study brings information on the dynamics of C and N in urban forests in a subtropical region. We tested the hypothesis that C and N isotopic sign of leaves and soil and physiological traits of trees would vary from center to periphery in a megacity, considering land uses, intensity of automotive fleet and microclimatic conditions. 800 trees from four fragments were randomly chosen. Soil samples were collected at every 10 cm in trenches up to 1 m depth to analyze C and N contents. Both, plants and soil were assessed for δ13C, δ15N, %C and %N. Physiological traits [carbon assimilation (A)], CO2 internal and external pressure ratio (Pi/Pa) and intrinsic water use efficiency iWUE were estimated from δ13C and Δ δ13C in leaves and soil ranged from -27.42 ‰ to -35.39 ‰ and from -21.22 ‰ to -28.18 ‰, respectively, and did not vary along the areas. Center-periphery gradient was not evidenced by C. Emissions derived from fossil fuel and distinct land uses interfered at different levels in δ13C signature. δ15N in the canopy and soil varied clearly among urban forests, following center-periphery gradient. Leaf δ15N decreased from the nearest forest to the city center to the farthest, ranging from <3 ‰ to <-3 ‰. δ15N was a good indicator of atmospheric contamination by NOx emitted by vehicular fleet and a reliable predictor of land use change. %N followed the same trend of δ15N either for soils or leaves. Forest fragments located at the edges of the center-periphery gradient presented significantly lower A and Pi/Pa ratio and higher iWUE. These distinct physiological traits were attributed to successional stage and microclimatic conditions. Results suggest that ecosystem processes related to C and N and ecophysiological responses of urban forests vary according to land use and vehicular fleet.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marisa Domingos
- Instituto de Pesquisas Ambientais, Caixa Postal 68041, 04045-972 Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Sonia Aragaki
- Instituto de Pesquisas Ambientais, Caixa Postal 68041, 04045-972 Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mauro Ramon
- Universidade Nove de Julho, Av. Dr. Adolpho Pinto, 109 - Barra Funda, Sao Paulo, SP 01156-050, Brazil
| | - Plinio Barbosa de Camargo
- Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura da Universidade de Sao Paulo (CENA/USP), Av. Centenário, 303, 13400-970 Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Maurício Lamano Ferreira
- Centro Universitário Adventista de Sao Paulo, Estrada de Itapecerica 5859, 05858-001, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Universidade de Guarulhos, R. Eng. Prestes Maia, 88-07023-070 Guarulhos, Brazil.
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22
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Li R, Yu D, Zhang Y, Han J, Zhang W, Yang Q, Gessler A, Li MH, Xu M, Guan X, Chen L, Wang Q, Wang S. Investment of needle nitrogen to photosynthesis controls the nonlinear productivity response of young Chinese fir trees to nitrogen deposition. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 840:156537. [PMID: 35679936 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Plant carbon (C) assimilation is expected to nonlinearly increase with continuously increasing nitrogen (N) deposition, causing a N saturation threshold for productivity. However, the response of plant productivity to N deposition rates and further the N saturation threshold still await comprehensive quantization for forest ecosystem. Here, we tested the effect of N addition on aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP) of three-year old Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) trees by adding N at 0, 5.6, 11.2, 22.4, and 44.8 g N m-2 yr-1 for 2.5 years. The N saturation threshold was estimated based on a quadratic-plus-plateau model. Results showed that ANPP transitioned from an increasing stage with increasing N addition rate to a plateaued stage at an N rate of 16.3 g N m-2 yr-1. The response of ANPP to N addition rates was well explained by the net photosynthetic rates of needles. Results from the dual isotope measurement [simultaneous determination of needle stable carbon (δ13C) and oxygen (δ18O) isotopes] indicated that the photosynthetic capacity, rather than the stomatal conductance, mediated the response of photosynthesis and ANPP of the young Chinese fir trees to N addition. Accordingly, the amount of needle N partitioning to water-soluble fraction, which is associated with the photosynthetic capacity, also responded to N enrichment with a nonlinear increase. Our study will contribute to a more accurate prediction on the influence of N deposition on C cycles in Chinese fir plantations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renshan Li
- Huitong Experimental Station of Forest Ecology, CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Shenyang 110016, China; Life Science Department, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471934, China
| | - Dan Yu
- Life Science Department, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471934, China
| | - Yankuan Zhang
- Huitong Experimental Station of Forest Ecology, CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Shenyang 110016, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jianming Han
- Life Science Department, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471934, China
| | - Weidong Zhang
- Huitong Experimental Station of Forest Ecology, CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Shenyang 110016, China; Huitong National Research Station of Forest Ecosystem, Huitong 418307, China.
| | - Qingpeng Yang
- Huitong Experimental Station of Forest Ecology, CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Shenyang 110016, China; Huitong National Research Station of Forest Ecosystem, Huitong 418307, China.
| | - Arthur Gessler
- Forest Dynamics, Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Zuercherstrasse 111, 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Mai-He Li
- Huitong Experimental Station of Forest Ecology, CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Shenyang 110016, China; Forest Dynamics, Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Zuercherstrasse 111, 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Ming Xu
- BNU-HKUST Laboratory for Green Innovation, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai 519085, China
| | - Xin Guan
- Huitong Experimental Station of Forest Ecology, CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Shenyang 110016, China; Huitong National Research Station of Forest Ecosystem, Huitong 418307, China
| | - Longchi Chen
- Huitong Experimental Station of Forest Ecology, CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Shenyang 110016, China; Huitong National Research Station of Forest Ecosystem, Huitong 418307, China
| | - Qingkui Wang
- Huitong Experimental Station of Forest Ecology, CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Shenyang 110016, China; Huitong National Research Station of Forest Ecosystem, Huitong 418307, China
| | - Silong Wang
- Huitong Experimental Station of Forest Ecology, CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Shenyang 110016, China; Huitong National Research Station of Forest Ecosystem, Huitong 418307, China
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23
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Drinkwater LE, Snapp SS. Advancing the science and practice of ecological nutrient management for smallholder farmers. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2022.921216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Soil degradation is widespread in smallholder agrarian communities across the globe where limited resource farmers struggle to overcome poverty and malnutrition. This review lays out the scientific basis and practical management options for an ecologically based approach to sustainably managing soil fertility, with particular attention to smallholder subsistence systems. We seek to change the trajectory of development programs that continue to promote inorganic fertilizers and other high input strategies to resource constrained smallholders, despite ample evidence that this approach is falling short of food security goals and contributing to resource degradation. Ecological nutrient management (ENM) is an agroecological approach to managing the biogeochemical cycles that govern soil ecosystem services and soil fertility. The portfolio of ENM strategies extends beyond reliance on inorganic fertilizers and is guided by the following five principles: (1) Build soil organic matter and other nutrient reserves. (2) Minimize the size of N and P pools that are the most susceptible to loss. (3) Maximize agroecosystem capacity to use soluble, inorganic N and P. (4) Use functional and phylogenetic biodiversity to minimize bare fallows and maximize presence of growing plants. (5) Construct agroecosystem and field scale mass balances to track net nutrient flows over multiple growing seasons. Strategic increases in spatial and temporal plant species diversity is a core ENM tactic that expands agroecosystem multifunctionality to meet smallholder priorities beyond soil restoration and crop yields. Examples of ENM practices include the use of functionally designed polycultures, diversified rotations, reduced fallow periods, increased reliance on legumes, integrated crop-livestock production, and use of variety of soil amendments. These practices foster soil organic matter accrual and restoration of soil function, both of which underpin agroecosystem resilience. When ENM is first implemented, short-term yield outcomes are variable; however, over the long-term, management systems that employ ENM can increase yields, yield stability, profitability and food security. ENM rests on a solid foundation of ecosystem and biogeochemical science, and despite the many barriers imposed by current agricultural policies, successful ENM systems are being promoted by some development actors and used by smallholder farmers, with promising results.
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24
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De Marco A, Sicard P, Feng Z, Agathokleous E, Alonso R, Araminiene V, Augustatis A, Badea O, Beasley JC, Branquinho C, Bruckman VJ, Collalti A, David‐Schwartz R, Domingos M, Du E, Garcia Gomez H, Hashimoto S, Hoshika Y, Jakovljevic T, McNulty S, Oksanen E, Omidi Khaniabadi Y, Prescher A, Saitanis CJ, Sase H, Schmitz A, Voigt G, Watanabe M, Wood MD, Kozlov MV, Paoletti E. Strategic roadmap to assess forest vulnerability under air pollution and climate change. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2022; 28:5062-5085. [PMID: 35642454 PMCID: PMC9541114 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Although it is an integral part of global change, most of the research addressing the effects of climate change on forests have overlooked the role of environmental pollution. Similarly, most studies investigating the effects of air pollutants on forests have generally neglected the impacts of climate change. We review the current knowledge on combined air pollution and climate change effects on global forest ecosystems and identify several key research priorities as a roadmap for the future. Specifically, we recommend (1) the establishment of much denser array of monitoring sites, particularly in the South Hemisphere; (2) further integration of ground and satellite monitoring; (3) generation of flux-based standards and critical levels taking into account the sensitivity of dominant forest tree species; (4) long-term monitoring of N, S, P cycles and base cations deposition together at global scale; (5) intensification of experimental studies, addressing the combined effects of different abiotic factors on forests by assuring a better representation of taxonomic and functional diversity across the ~73,000 tree species on Earth; (6) more experimental focus on phenomics and genomics; (7) improved knowledge on key processes regulating the dynamics of radionuclides in forest systems; and (8) development of models integrating air pollution and climate change data from long-term monitoring programs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Zhaozhong Feng
- Key Laboratory of Agro‐Meteorology of Jiangsu Province, School of Applied MeteorologyNanjing University of Information Science & TechnologyNanjingChina
| | - Evgenios Agathokleous
- Key Laboratory of Agro‐Meteorology of Jiangsu Province, School of Applied MeteorologyNanjing University of Information Science & TechnologyNanjingChina
| | - Rocio Alonso
- Ecotoxicology of Air Pollution, CIEMATMadridSpain
| | - Valda Araminiene
- Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and ForestryKaunasLithuania
| | - Algirdas Augustatis
- Faculty of Forest Sciences and EcologyVytautas Magnus UniversityKaunasLithuania
| | - Ovidiu Badea
- “Marin Drăcea” National Institute for Research and Development in ForestryVoluntariRomania
- Faculty of Silviculture and Forest Engineering“Transilvania” UniversityBraşovRomania
| | - James C. Beasley
- Savannah River Ecology Laboratory and Warnell School of Forestry and Natural ResourcesUniversity of GeorgiaAikenSouth CarolinaUSA
| | - Cristina Branquinho
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Faculdade de CiênciasUniversidade de LisboaLisbonPortugal
| | - Viktor J. Bruckman
- Commission for Interdisciplinary Ecological StudiesAustrian Academy of SciencesViennaAustria
| | | | | | - Marisa Domingos
- Instituto de BotanicaNucleo de Pesquisa em EcologiaSao PauloBrazil
| | - Enzai Du
- Faculty of Geographical ScienceBeijing Normal UniversityBeijingChina
| | | | - Shoji Hashimoto
- Department of Forest SoilsForestry and Forest Products Research InstituteTsukubaJapan
| | | | | | | | - Elina Oksanen
- Department of Environmental and Biological SciencesUniversity of Eastern FinlandJoensuuFinland
| | - Yusef Omidi Khaniabadi
- Department of Environmental Health EngineeringIndustrial Medial and Health, Petroleum Industry Health Organization (PIHO)AhvazIran
| | | | - Costas J. Saitanis
- Lab of Ecology and Environmental ScienceAgricultural University of AthensAthensGreece
| | - Hiroyuki Sase
- Ecological Impact Research DepartmentAsia Center for Air Pollution Research (ACAP)NiigataJapan
| | - Andreas Schmitz
- State Agency for Nature, Environment and Consumer Protection of North Rhine‐WestphaliaRecklinghausenGermany
| | | | - Makoto Watanabe
- Institute of AgricultureTokyo University of Agriculture and Technology (TUAT)FuchuJapan
| | - Michael D. Wood
- School of Science, Engineering and EnvironmentUniversity of SalfordSalfordUK
| | | | - Elena Paoletti
- Department of Forest SoilsForestry and Forest Products Research InstituteTsukubaJapan
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25
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Tunable hydrogen enhancement of Ce 3+ doped CdS with different Poisson's ratio support. J Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 628:673-683. [PMID: 35940151 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.07.182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
In this article, a 3D photocatalytic support with different Poisson's ratio was used for the first time to control the photocatalytic production rate of hydrogen. It was created by a stereo-lithography method, and the support with the most negative Poisson's ratio got the best result. The Poisson's ratio of the 3D structure influences the rate of hydrogen production, and it is important for the photocatalyst supports to be porous for light to penetrate into them. A series of Ce doped CdS photocatalysts were produced and immobilized on 3D multicellular Al2O3 supports. By changing the proportion of Ce3+ doped into the CdS photocatalysts 1 % of Ce3+ exhibited optimal hydrogen production, which was 222.9 % compared to that of the pure CdS. Using the 3D photocatalytic support with different Poisson's ratio, the photocatalytic production rate of hydrogen increased by 128 %.
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26
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Dar MA, Khan MA, Shaheen I, Shah MA. Centaurea iberica invasion causes homogenization of diverse plant communities. Biologia (Bratisl) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11756-022-01165-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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27
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Role of Tree Species, the Herb Layer and Watershed Characteristics in Nitrate Assimilation in a Central Appalachian Hardwood Forest. NITROGEN 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/nitrogen3020022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Forest plants that can assimilate nitrate may act as nitrate sink and, consequently, reduce nitrate losses from watershed ecosystems through leaching. This study, conducted at the Fernow Experimental Forest in West Virginia, quantified via nitrogen reductase activity (NRA) the nitrate assimilation of two tree species, red maple and sugar maple, and surrounding common herb-layer species at the tissue (foliage, roots) and plot level. NRA measurements were conducted in summer and spring. Furthermore, NRA was quantified under varying levels of soil nitrate availability due to fertilization, different stages in secondary forest succession, and watershed aspect. This study confirmed that NRA of mature maples does not respond to varying levels of soil nitrate availability. However, some herb-layer species’ NRA did increase with nitrogen fertilization, and it may be greater in spring than in summer. Combined with biomass, the herb layer’s NRA at the plot-level (NRAA) comprised 9 to 41% of the total (tree + herb-layer) foliar NRAA during the growing season. This demonstrates that the herb layer contributes to nitrate assimilation disproportionally to its small biomass in the forest and may provide a vernal dam to nitrate loss not only by its early presence but also by increased spring NRA relative to summer.
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28
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Chen W, Su F, Nie Y, Zhong B, Zheng Y, Mo J, Xiong B, Lu X. Divergent responses of soil microbial functional groups to long-term high nitrogen presence in the tropical forests. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 821:153251. [PMID: 35051470 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A massive rise in atmospheric nitrogen deposition (ND) has threatened ecosystem health through accelerating soil nitrogen (N) cycling rates. While soil microbes serve a crucial function in soil N transformation, it remains poorly understood on how excess ND affects microbial functional populations regulating soil N transformation in tropical forests. To address this gap, we conducted 13-year N (as NH4NO3) addition experiments in one N-rich tropical primary forest (PF) and two N-poor tropical reforested forests (rehabilitated and disturbed) in South China. Based on our data, 13-year N introduction markedly enhanced soil N2O generation in all forests, regardless of soil N status, but microbial functional groups showed divergent responses to excess N addition among the studied forests. In the PF, long-term N introduction markedly decreased presence of bacterial 16S rRNA gene, nitrifier (amoA) and denitrifier genes (nirK, nirS and nosZ) and bacteria/fungi ratio, which could be attributed to the decreases in soil pH, dissolved organic carbon to N ratio and understory plant richness. In the two reforested forests, however, long-term N introduction generally did neither alter soil properties nor the abundance of most microbial groups. We further found that the elevated N2O generation was related to the increased soil N availability and decreased nosZ abundance, and the PF has the highest N2O generation than the other two forests. Overall, our data indicates that the baseline soil N status may dominate response of microbial functional groups to ND in tropical forests, and N-rich forests are more responsive to excess N inputs, compared to those with low-N status. Forests with high soil N status can produce more N2O than those with low-N status. With the spread of elevated ND from temperate to tropical zones, tropical forests should merit more attention because ecosystem N saturation may be common and high N2O emission will occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weibin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Fanglong Su
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Yanxia Nie
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Buqing Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Yong Zheng
- School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
| | - Jiangming Mo
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Binghong Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Xiankai Lu
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China.
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Mejía GA, Groffman PM, Downey AE, Cook EM, Sritrairat S, Karty R, Palmer MI, McPhearson T. Nitrogen cycling and urban afforestation success in New York City. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2022; 32:e2535. [PMID: 35044032 DOI: 10.1002/eap.2535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Afforestation projects are a growing focus of urban restoration efforts to rehabilitate degraded landscapes and develop new forests. Urban forests provide myriad valuable ecosystem services essential for urban sustainability and resilience. These essential services are supported by natural soil microbial processes that transform organic matter to critical nutrients for plant community establishment and development. Nitrogen (N) is the most limiting nutrient in forest ecosystems, yet little information is known about N cycling in urban afforestation efforts. This study examined microbially mediated processes of carbon (C) and N cycling in 10 experimental afforested sites established across New York City parklands under the MillionTreesNYC initiative. Long-term research plots were established between 2009 and 2011 at each site with low and high diversity (two vs. six tree species) treatments. In 2018, 1-m soil cores were collected from plots at each site and analyzed for microbial biomass and respiration, potential net N mineralization, and nitrification, denitrification potential, soil inorganic N, and total soil N. Field observations revealed markedly different trajectories between sites that exhibited a closed canopy and leaf litter layer derived from trees that were planted and those that did not fit this description. These two metrics served to group sites into two categories (high vs. low) of afforestation success. We hypothesized that: (1) afforestation success would be correlated with rates of C and N cycling, (2) high diversity restoration techniques would affect these processes, and (3) inherent soil properties interact with plants and environmental conditions to affect the development of these processes over time. We found that high success sites had significantly higher rates of C and N cycling processes, but low and high diversity treatments showed no differences. Low success sites were more likely to have disturbed soil profiles with human-derived debris. Afforestation success appears to be driven by interactions between initial site conditions that facilitate plant community establishment and development that in turn enable N accumulation and cycling, creating positive feedbacks for success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gisselle A Mejía
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, CUNY-The Graduate Center, New York, New York, USA
- Advanced Science Research Center, CUNY-The Graduate Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Peter M Groffman
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, CUNY-The Graduate Center, New York, New York, USA
- Advanced Science Research Center, CUNY-The Graduate Center, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, CUNY-Brooklyn College, Brooklyn, New York, USA
- Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies, Millbrook, New York, USA
| | - Alisen E Downey
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, CUNY-Brooklyn College, Brooklyn, New York, USA
| | - Elizabeth M Cook
- Department of Environmental Science, Barnard College, New York, New York, USA
- Urban Systems Laboratory, The New School, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Richard Karty
- Urban Systems Laboratory, The New School, New York, New York, USA
- Bund für Umwelt und Naturschutz Deutschland / Friends of the Earth, Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthew I Palmer
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Timon McPhearson
- Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies, Millbrook, New York, USA
- Department of Environmental Science, Barnard College, New York, New York, USA
- Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
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30
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Gurmesa GA, Hobbie EA, Zhang S, Wang A, Zhu F, Zhu W, Koba K, Yoh M, Wang C, Zhang Q, Fang Y. Natural
15
N
abundance of ammonium and nitrate in soil profiles: New insights into forest ecosystem nitrogen saturation. Ecosphere 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.3998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Geshere Abdisa Gurmesa
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenyang China
| | - Erik A. Hobbie
- Earth Systems Research Center, Morse Hall University of New Hampshire Durham New Hampshire USA
| | - Shasha Zhang
- Division of Terrestrial Ecosystem Research, Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science University of Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - Ang Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenyang China
- Qingyuan Forest Chinese Ecosystem Research Network (Qingyuan Forest CERN), Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenyang China
- Key Laboratory of Stable Isotope Technique Shenyang China
| | - Feifei Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenyang China
- Qingyuan Forest Chinese Ecosystem Research Network (Qingyuan Forest CERN), Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenyang China
- Key Laboratory of Stable Isotope Technique Shenyang China
| | - Weixing Zhu
- Department of Biological Sciences Binghamton University, The State University of New York Binghamton New York USA
| | - Keisuke Koba
- Center for Ecological Research Kyoto University Shiga Japan
| | - Muneoki Yoh
- Institute of Agriculture Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology Tokyo Japan
| | - Chuankuan Wang
- College of Forestry Northeast Forestry University Harbin China
| | - Qiuliang Zhang
- Forestry College Inner Mongolia Agricultural University Hohhot China
| | - Yunting Fang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenyang China
- Qingyuan Forest Chinese Ecosystem Research Network (Qingyuan Forest CERN), Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenyang China
- Key Laboratory of Stable Isotope Technique Shenyang China
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31
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Dong Y, Yang JL, Zhao XR, Yang SH, Mulder J, Dörsch P, Zhang GL. Nitrate runoff loss and source apportionment in a typical subtropical agricultural watershed. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:20186-20199. [PMID: 34725759 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16935-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Nitrate (NO3-) loss and enrichment in water bodies caused by fertilization are a major environmental problem in agricultural areas. However, the quantitative contribution of different NO3- sources, especially chemical fertilizers (CF) and soil organic nitrogen (SON), to NO3- runoff loss remains unclear. In this study, a systematic investigation of NO3- runoff and its sources was conducted in a subtropical agricultural watershed located in Yujiang County, Jiangxi Province, China. A semi-monthly sampling was performed at the inlet and outlet from March 2018 to February 2019. Hydrochemical and dual NO3- isotope (15 N and 18O) approaches were combined to estimate the NO3- runoff loss and quantify the contribution of different sources with a Bayesian isotope mixing model. Source apportionment by Stable Isotope Analysis in R (SIAR) suggested that NO3- in runoff was mainly derived from nitrification of ammonium (NH4+) mineralized from SON (37-52%) and manure/sewage (M&S) (25-47%), while the contribution of CF was relatively small (14-25%). The contribution of various sources showed seasonal variations, with a greater contribution of CF in the wet growing season (March to August). Compared with the inlet which contributed 37-40% to runoff NO3-, SON contributed more at the outlet (49-52%). Denitrification in the runoff was small and appeared to be confined to the dry season (September to February), with an estimated NO3- loss of 2.73 kg N ha-1. The net NO3- runoff loss of the watershed was 34.5 kg N ha-1 yr-1, accounting for 15% of the annual fertilization rate (229 kg N ha-1 yr-1). Besides M&S (22%), fertilization and remineralization of SON (CF + SON) were the main sources for the NO3- runoff loss (78%), suggesting accelerated nitrification of NH4+ from CF (24%) and SON mineralization (54%). Our study indicates that NO3- runoff loss in subtropical agricultural watersheds is dominated by nonpoint source pollution from fertilization. SON played a more important role than CF. Besides, the contribution of sewage should not be neglected. Our data suggest that a combination of more rational fertilizer N application (CF), better management of SON, and better treatment of domestic sewage could alleviate NO3- pollution in subtropical China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, N-1432, Aas, Norway
| | - Jin-Ling Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Rui Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, People's Republic of China
| | - Shun-Hua Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, People's Republic of China
| | - Jan Mulder
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, N-1432, Aas, Norway
| | - Peter Dörsch
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, N-1432, Aas, Norway
| | - Gan-Lin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, People's Republic of China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Watershed Geographic Sciences, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, People's Republic of China.
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32
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Yesilonis I, Giorgio V, Hu Y, Pouyat R, Szlavecz K. Changes in Soil Chemistry After 17 Years in Urban and Rural Forest Patches. Front Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2022.786809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cycling of carbon (C), nitrogen (N), calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), and sulfur (S) is an important ecosystem service that forest soils provide. Humans influence these biogeochemical processes through the deposition of atmospheric pollutants and site disturbances. One way to study these potential anthropogenic trajectories is through long-term monitoring in association with human-caused environmental gradients such as urban-rural gradients. The objective of this study was to characterize changes in surface soil chemistry of urban, suburban and rural forest patches in the Baltimore Metropolitan area. Soil composite samples (0–10 cm) were analyzed for macro- and micronutrients, pH, and C. A total of 12 sites in forest patches dominated by white oak (Quercus alba) and tulip poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera) were established in 2001, and resampled in 2018. We hypothesized that after almost two decades (1) concentrations of N, Ca, and P, as well as soil pH would be higher, especially in urban forest patches due to local deposition; (2) S levels would be lower due to decreased regional atmospheric deposition and; (3) total soil C would increase overall, but the rate of increase would be higher in the urban end of the gradient due to increased NPP. Overall, means of Ca concentration, pH, and C:N ratios significantly changed from 2001 to 2018. Calcium increased by 35% from 622 to 844 mg kg–1, pH increased from 4.1 to 4.5, and C:N ratios decreased from 17.8 to 16.7. Along the gradient, Ca, N, P, and S were statistically significant with Ca concentration higher in the urban sites; S and N higher in the suburban sites; and P lower in the urban sites. Confounding factors, such as different geologic parent material may have affected these results. However, despite the unique site conditions, patterns of surface soil chemistry in space and time implies that local and regional factors jointly affect soil development in these forest patches. The increase in pH and Ca is especially notable because other long-term studies demonstrated changes in the opposite direction.
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Schulte‐Uebbing LF, Ros GH, de Vries W. Experimental evidence shows minor contribution of nitrogen deposition to global forest carbon sequestration. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2022; 28:899-917. [PMID: 34699094 PMCID: PMC9299138 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Human activities have drastically increased nitrogen (N) deposition onto forests globally. This may have alleviated N limitation and thus stimulated productivity and carbon (C) sequestration in aboveground woody biomass (AGWB), a stable C pool with long turnover times. This 'carbon bonus' of human N use partly offsets the climate impact of human-induced N2 O emissions, but its magnitude and spatial variation are uncertain. Here we used a meta-regression approach to identify sources of heterogeneity in tree biomass C-N response (additional C stored per unit of N) based on data from fertilization experiments in global forests. We identified important drivers of spatial variation in forest biomass C-N response related to climate (potential evapotranspiration), soil fertility (N content) and tree characteristics (stand age), and used these relationships to quantify global spatial variation in N-induced forest biomass C sequestration. Results show that N deposition enhances biomass C sequestration in only one-third of global forests, mainly in the boreal region, while N reduces C sequestration in 5% of forests, mainly in the tropics. In the remaining 59% of global forests, N addition has no impact on biomass C sequestration. Average C-N responses were 11 (4-21) kg C per kg N for boreal forests, 4 (0-8) kg C per kg N for temperate forests and 0 (-4 to 5) kg C per kg N for tropical forests. Our global estimate of the N-induced forest biomass C sink of 41 (-53 to 159) Tg C yr-1 is substantially lower than previous estimates, mainly due to the absence of any response in most tropical forests (accounting for 58% of the global forest area). Overall, the N-induced C sink in AGWB only offsets ~5% of the climate impact of N2 O emissions (in terms of 100-year global warming potential), and contributes ~1% to the gross forest C sink.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena F. Schulte‐Uebbing
- Environmental Systems Analysis GroupWageningen University & ResearchWageningenthe Netherlands
| | - Gerard H. Ros
- Environmental Systems Analysis GroupWageningen University & ResearchWageningenthe Netherlands
- Nutrient Management InstituteWageningenthe Netherlands
| | - Wim de Vries
- Environmental Systems Analysis GroupWageningen University & ResearchWageningenthe Netherlands
- Wageningen Environmental ResearchWageningen University & ResearchWageningenthe Netherlands
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34
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Zhang Y, Han J, Wang L, Jing X, Wang Y, Liu P. Response of Pinus tabuliformis saplings to continuous autumn fertilization treatments in the mountains of Eastern Liaoning Province, China. PeerJ 2022; 10:e12853. [PMID: 35174017 PMCID: PMC8802711 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Autumn fertilization is an important cultivation and management measure used to provide nutrients at the hardening stage during the end of the growing season-bolstering nutrient reserves and promoting additional growth in the following spring. Previous studies mainly focused on short-term or one-time fertilization treatment of container seedlings, and few studies have observed the effects of autumn fertilization of large-area forests over multiple continuous years. The growth dynamics and nutrient changes during autumn in 324 Pinus tabuliformis saplings in the temperate zone of China (in the eastern Liaoning mountains) were studied under field conditions with different fertilizer treatments for three consecutive years. The second year of autumn fertilization promoted the growth of tree height and annual leaf length more significantly than that in the first year, the change in diameter at breast height (DBH) was significant. Tree height (TH) in spring increased at a faster rate than in autumn, while DBH stably increased throughout the year. The increase in TH, DBH, and annual leaf length (ALL) under all fertilization treatments was higher than that of the control group, and the decrease in annual branch length (ABL) was higher than that of the control group. High N significantly increased the concentration of new coniferous N (NLN), soil total N (STN), and soil alkali-hydrolyzable N (SAHN) in P. tabuliformis saplings. High P significantly increased the concentration of P in annual needles and soil total P (STP), and decreased the concentration of N in new needles. In addition, there is a certain correlation between the N and P concentration in the needles and soil, representing the competition and interactions between plant nutrient demand and soil nutrient supply. The most favorable fertilizer treatment consisted of high N and low P (urea 204 g, calcium superphosphate 104 g), which provide support for the formulation of a reasonable fertilization technology for P. tabuliformis in the mountains of Eastern Liaoning Province, China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Zhang
- College of Forestry, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China,Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics, Breeding and Cultivation in Liaoning Province, China, Shenyang, China
| | - Jincheng Han
- College of Forestry, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China,Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics, Breeding and Cultivation in Liaoning Province, China, Shenyang, China
| | - Lijiao Wang
- College of Forestry, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China,Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics, Breeding and Cultivation in Liaoning Province, China, Shenyang, China
| | - Xin Jing
- College of Forestry, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China,Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics, Breeding and Cultivation in Liaoning Province, China, Shenyang, China
| | - Yutao Wang
- College of Forestry, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China,Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics, Breeding and Cultivation in Liaoning Province, China, Shenyang, China
| | - Ping Liu
- College of Forestry, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China,Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics, Breeding and Cultivation in Liaoning Province, China, Shenyang, China,Engineering Technology Research Center of Chinese Pine of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Shenyang, China
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Choutipalli VSK, Esackraj K, Subramanian V. Nitrogen Fixation at the Edges of Boron Nitride Nanomaterials: Synergy of Doping. Front Chem 2022; 9:799903. [PMID: 35127647 PMCID: PMC8814371 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.799903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Synthesis of ammonia at ambient conditions is very demanding yet challenging to achieve due to the production of ammonia fuel, which is considered to be a future fuel for sustainable energy. In this context, computational studies on the catalytic activity of the edge sites of boron nitride nanomaterials for possible nitrogen reduction into ammonia have been investigated. Geometrical and electronic properties of zigzag and armchair B-open edges of BN sheet (BOE) models have been unraveled to substantiate their catalytic nature. Results reveal that BOE sites exhibit very high potential determining steps (PDS) of 2.0 eV. Doping of carbon (C) at the nitrogen center, which is vicinal to the BOE site reduces the PDS of the N2 reduction reaction (NRR) (to 1.18–1.33 eV) due to the regulation of charge distribution around the active BOE site. Further, the NRR at the C doped at various edge sites of a boron nitride sheet (BNS) has also been studied in detail. Among the 12 new C-doped defective BNS models, 9 model catalysts are useful for nitrogen activation through either chemisorption or physisorption. Among these, ZCN, ACN, and ZCBV models are efficient in catalyzing NRR with lower PDS of 0.86, 0.88, and 0.86 eV, respectively. The effect of carbon doping in tuning the potential requirements of NRR has been analyzed by comparing the relative stability of intermediates on the catalyst with and without carbon doping. Results reveal that C-doping destabilizes the intermediates compared to non-doped systems, thereby reducing the possibility of catalyst poisoning. However, their interactions with catalysts are good enough so that the NRR activity of the catalyst does not decrease due to C-doping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkata Surya Kumar Choutipalli
- Inorganic and Physical Chemistry Laboratory, CSIR-Central Leather Research Institute, Chennai, India
- Centre for High Computing, CSIR-Central Leather Research Institute, Chennai, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Karthikraja Esackraj
- Centre for High Computing, CSIR-Central Leather Research Institute, Chennai, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Venkatesan Subramanian
- Inorganic and Physical Chemistry Laboratory, CSIR-Central Leather Research Institute, Chennai, India
- Centre for High Computing, CSIR-Central Leather Research Institute, Chennai, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
- *Correspondence: Venkatesan Subramanian, ,
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Terrestrial Nitrogen Inputs Affect the Export of Unprocessed Atmospheric Nitrate to Surface Waters: Insights from Triple Oxygen Isotopes of Nitrate. Ecosystems 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10021-021-00722-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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37
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Afanasyeva LV, Kalugina OV, Mikhailova TA. The effect of aluminum smelter emissions on nutritional status of coniferous trees (Irkutsk Region, Russia). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:62605-62615. [PMID: 34195945 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-15118-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Element contents in assimilation organs of trees are an essential component of a comprehensive forest condition diagnosis. They allow conclusions about the current nutritional status of trees and estimate the main risks for a sustainable forest ecosystem management in the future. The purpose of this research was to study the effect of highly aggressive fluorine-containing emissions from a large aluminum smelter on the nutritional status of coniferous trees Larix sibirica and Pinus sylvestris. Studies carried out in the background areas showed that the both species have the main part of the elements in optimal quantities. A deficiency is noted for potassium. The content of N, K, Mg, Na, S, F, Cu, Co, and Cd in L. sibirica needles was 1.2-5.2 times higher than in P. sylvestris needles. Under the influence of the aluminum smelter emissions, fluorine concentration in the tree needles increases by 13.8-30.0 times; sulfur by 2.9-3.6 times; heavy metals by 2.0-5.1 times; and nitrogen, calcium, magnesium, and sodium by 1.2-3.6 times, especially in the industrial zone and 5 km far from it. With the increasing distance from the smelter, the content of pollutants in the tree needles decreases. Values close to background are observed at a distance of over 40 km. According to index biogeochemical transformation, the elemental composition of P. sylvestris needles undergoes greater changes than L. sibirica ones under the influence emissions from the aluminum smelter. Changes in the element concentration of the tree needles caused by the impact of industrial emissions lead to a restructuring of the elements accumulation rows, as well as to a violation of the element quantitative ratios. Change of N:P:K, Ca:K, Ca:P, P:S, P:F, Mn:F, and Mn:Fe ratios points to serious nutrient imbalances in coniferous trees, which may reduce their vitality and growth in the long run.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larisa Vladimirovna Afanasyeva
- Institute of General and Experimental Biology Biochemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 6, Sakhyanova str, 670047, Ulan-Ude, Russia
| | - Olga Vladimirovna Kalugina
- Siberian Institute of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 132, Lermontova str, 664033, Irkutsk, Russia.
| | - Tatiana Alekseevna Mikhailova
- Siberian Institute of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 132, Lermontova str, 664033, Irkutsk, Russia
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Shibata H, Ban R, Hirano N, Eguchi S, Mishima SI, Chiwa M, Yamashita N. Comparison of spatial and temporal changes in riverine nitrate concentration from terrestrial basins to the sea between the 1980s and the 2000s in Japan: Impact of recent demographic shifts. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 288:117695. [PMID: 34252718 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) is an essential nutrient but may become a pollution source in the environment when the N concentration exceeds a certain threshold for humans and nature. Nitrate is a major N species in river water with notable spatial and temporal variations under the influences of natural factors and anthropogenic N inputs. We analyzed the relationship between riverine N (focusing on nitrate) concentration and various factors (land use, climate, basin topography, atmospheric N deposition, agricultural N sources and human-derived N) in 104 rivers located throughout the Japanese Archipelago except small remote islands. We aimed to better understand processes and mechanisms to explain the spatial and temporal changes in riverine nitrate concentration. A publicly available river water quality database observed in the 1980s (1980-1989) and 2000s (2000-2009) was used. This study is the first to evaluate the long-term scale of 20 years in the latter half of Japan's economic growth period at the national level. A geographic information system (GIS) was employed to determine average values of each variable collected from multiple sources of statistical data. We then performed regression analysis and structural equation modeling (SEM) for each period. The forestland area influenced by the basin topography, climate (i.e., air temperature) and other land uses (i.e., farmland and urban area) played a major role in decreasing nitrate concentrations in both the 1980s and 2000s. Atmospheric N deposition (especially N oxides) and agricultural N sources (fertilizer and manure) were also significant variables regarding the spatial variations in riverine nitrate concentrations. The SEM results suggested that human-derived N (via food consumption) intensified by demographic shifts during the 2000s increased riverine nitrate concentrations over other variables within the context of spatial variation. These findings facilitate better decision making regarding land use, agricultural practices, pollution control and individual behaviors toward a sustainable society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideaki Shibata
- Field Science Center for the Northern Biosphere, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
| | - Ryosuke Ban
- Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Nanae Hirano
- Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, NARO, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Sadao Eguchi
- Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, NARO, Tsukuba, Japan
| | | | - Masaaki Chiwa
- Kyushu University Forest, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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Impacts of Canopy and Understory Nitrogen Additions on Stomatal Conductance and Carbon Assimilation of Dominant Tree Species in a Temperate Broadleaved Deciduous Forest. Ecosystems 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10021-020-00595-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Karst J, Wasyliw J, Birch JD, Franklin J, Chang SX, Erbilgin N. Long-term nitrogen addition does not sustain host tree stem radial growth but doubles the abundance of high-biomass ectomycorrhizal fungi. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2021; 27:4125-4138. [PMID: 34002431 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Global change has altered nitrogen availability in boreal forest soils. As ectomycorrhizal fungi play critical ecological functions, shifts in their abundance and community composition must be considered in the response of forests to changes in nitrogen availability. Furthermore, ectomycorrhizas are symbiotic, so the response of ectomycorrhizal fungi to nitrogen cannot be understood in isolation of their plant partners. Most previous studies, however, neglect to measure the response of host trees to nitrogen addition simultaneously with that of fungal communities. In addition to being one-sided, most of these studies have also been conducted in coniferous forests. Deciduous and "dual-mycorrhizal" tree species, namely those that form ecto- and arbuscular mycorrhizas, have received little attention despite being widespread in the boreal forest. We applied nitrogen (30 kg ha-1 year-1 ) for 13 years to stands dominated by aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) and hypothesized that tree stem radial growth would increase, ectomycorrhizal fungal biomass would decrease, ectomycorrhizal fungal community composition would shift, and the abundance of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi would increase. Nitrogen addition initially increased stem radial growth of aspen, but it was not sustained at the time we characterized their mycorrhizas. After 13 years, the abundance of fungi possessing extramatrical hyphae, or "high-biomass" ectomycorrhizas, doubled. No changes occurred in ectomycorrhizal and AM fungal community composition, or in ecto- and AM abundance measured as root colonization. This dual-mycorrhizal tree species did not shift away from ectomycorrhizal fungal dominance with long-term nitrogen input. The unexpected increase in high-biomass ectomycorrhizal fungi with nitrogen addition may be due to increased carbon allocation to their fungal partners by growth-limited trees. Given the focus on conifers in past studies, reconciling results of plant-mycorrhizal fungal relationships in stands of deciduous trees may demand a broader view on the impacts of nitrogen addition on the structure and function of boreal forests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine Karst
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Joshua Wasyliw
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Joseph D Birch
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - James Franklin
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Scott X Chang
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Nadir Erbilgin
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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41
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Elias JD, Agrawal AA. A private channel of nitrogen alleviates interspecific competition for an annual legume. Ecology 2021; 102:e03449. [PMID: 34166532 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.3449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The way resource availability predictably alters interspecific interactions and may favor one resource-acquisition strategy over another is critical for understanding context dependency. The ubiquity of nitrogen (N) limitation across terrestrial environments is a driver of plant competition and the association of some plants with N-fixing bacteria (rhizobia) may alleviate competition with nonfixing plants. Conversely, when available soil N is elevated, competitive advantages imparted by rhizobia are hypothesized to decline because nonfixing species are able to acquire those nutrients readily. We manipulated competition, soil N, and soil microbial inoculation, employing the ground bean Amphicarpaea bracteata, a native annual N-fixing legume, and jewelweed Impatiens capensis, a native co-occurring nonfixing annual. We found that legume performance was negatively impacted by interspecific competition, but less so under lower soil N in both the greenhouse and field. The legume invested a greater proportion of resources in rhizobia when competing, but only under low N. Also consistent with predictions, a competition-by-microbial-inoculation interaction demonstrated that negative effects of competition were alleviated by rhizobia. Finally, we detected an interaction between inoculation and fertilization, whereby N addition resulted in increased performance for uninoculated legumes, but a small decline in performance for inoculated plants, the latter likely representing a cost of mutualism. Thus, several lines of evidence point to the legume-rhizobia mutualism being more beneficial under competition and limited soil N. Competing I. capensis, in contrast, benefited from N addition regardless of the addition of soil microbes. In a survey of natural populations, legume and rhizobia growth were positively correlated at population edges (where interspecific competition is expected to be higher, the mutualism is stronger), whereas at population centers we found no association. Isotopic evidence confirmed a higher degree of rhizobial N-fixation at population edges compared to centers. Taken together, our results demonstrate an important role for the largely private channel of nitrogen in legume competitive performance, but with the benefits imparted by rhizobia being predictably weaker at higher soil fertility. We speculate that alleviation of competitive impacts through resource partitioning is an important and yet largely overlooked aspect of the evolutionary ecology of legume-rhizobia interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- J D Elias
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, 14853, USA
| | - A A Agrawal
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, 14853, USA
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Selecting Biomonitors of Atmospheric Nitrogen Deposition: Guidelines for Practitioners and Decision Makers. NITROGEN 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/nitrogen2030021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Environmental pollution is a major threat to public health and is the cause of important economic losses worldwide. Atmospheric nitrogen deposition is one of the most significant components of environmental pollution, which, in addition to being a health risk, is one of the leading drivers of global biodiversity loss. However, monitoring pollution is not possible in many regions of the world because the instrumentation, deployment, operation, and maintenance of automated systems is onerous. An affordable alternative is the use of biomonitors, naturally occurring or transplanted organisms that respond to environmental pollution with a consistent and measurable ecophysiological response. This policy brief advocates for the use of biomonitors of atmospheric nitrogen deposition. Descriptions of the biological and monitoring particularities of commonly utilized biomonitor lichens, bryophytes, vascular epiphytes, herbs, and woody plants, are followed by a discussion of the principal ecophysiological parameters that have been shown to respond to the different nitrogen emissions and their rate of deposition.
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Lin J, Compton JE, Hill RA, Herlihy A, Sabo RD, Brooks JR, Weber M, Pickard B, Paulsen S, Stoddard JL. Context is Everything: Interacting Inputs and Landscape Characteristics Control Stream Nitrogen. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:7890-7899. [PMID: 34060819 PMCID: PMC8673309 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c07102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
To understand the environmental and anthropogenic drivers of stream nitrogen (N) concentrations across the conterminous US, we combined summer low-flow data from 4997 streams with watershed information across three survey periods (2000-2014) of the US EPA's National Rivers and Streams Assessment. Watershed N inputs explained 51% of the variation in log-transformed stream total N (TN) concentrations. Both N source and input rates influenced stream NO3/TN ratios and N concentrations. Streams dominated by oxidized N forms (NO3/TN ratio > 0.50) were more strongly responsive to the N input rate compared to streams dominated by other N forms. NO3 proportional contribution increased with N inputs, supporting N saturation-enhanced NO3 export to aquatic ecosystems. By combining information about N inputs with climatic and landscape factors, random forest models of stream N concentrations explained 70, 58, and 60% of the spatial variation in stream concentrations of TN, dissolved inorganic N, and total organic N, respectively. The strength and direction of relationships between watershed drivers and stream N concentrations and forms varied with N input intensity. Model results for high N input watersheds not only indicated potential contributions from contaminated groundwater to high stream N concentrations but also the mitigating role of wetlands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Lin
- US EPA, Office of Research and Development, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Pacific Ecological Systems Division, Corvallis, OR 97333
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Corvallis, OR 97333
| | - Jana E. Compton
- US EPA, Office of Research and Development, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Pacific Ecological Systems Division, Corvallis, OR 97333
| | - Ryan A. Hill
- US EPA, Office of Research and Development, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Pacific Ecological Systems Division, Corvallis, OR 97333
| | - Alan Herlihy
- US EPA, Office of Research and Development, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Pacific Ecological Systems Division, Corvallis, OR 97333
- Oregon State University, Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97333
| | - Robert D. Sabo
- US EPA, Office of Research and Development, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, HEEAD, Washington, DC 20004
| | - J. Renée Brooks
- US EPA, Office of Research and Development, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Pacific Ecological Systems Division, Corvallis, OR 97333
| | - Marc Weber
- US EPA, Office of Research and Development, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Pacific Ecological Systems Division, Corvallis, OR 97333
| | | | - Steve Paulsen
- US EPA, Office of Research and Development, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Pacific Ecological Systems Division, Corvallis, OR 97333
| | - John L. Stoddard
- US EPA, Office of Research and Development, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Pacific Ecological Systems Division, Corvallis, OR 97333
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44
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Influence of Nitrogen Fertilization Rate on Soil Respiration: A Study Using a Rapid Soil Respiration Assay. NITROGEN 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/nitrogen2020014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Efficient nitrogen (N) management is one of the primary objectives of agronomic research as N is expensive and a major environmental pollutant. Soil microbes regulate N cycling and soil respiration (SR) measures soil microbial activity. The Comprehensive Assessment of Soil Health (CASH) soil respiration protocol is a rapid test, and a study was designed to approve this test as a potential tool for corn (Zea mays L.) N management. Five locations were selected around South Dakota (SD) where corn received 0, 45, 90, and 180 kg N ha−1 during summer of 2019. Soil samples were collected before planting and at the V6 corn growth stage to measure SR. We found that N fertilization increased SR and the highest SR was recorded at Ipswich (1.94 mg CO2 g−1) while SR was lowest at Bushnell (1.45 mg CO2 g−1). Higher SR was recorded at the sites where no-till farming was practiced, and soil had higher initial nitrate and organic matter content. SR was weakly correlated with corn grain yield, which indicated a potential area for future research. We concluded that split N application or an additional N application at a later growth stage might boost corn productivity in soil with higher microbial activity.
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45
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Zhang C, Wang X, Wei L, Wang B, Chen S. Time-resolved characteristics and production pathways of simulated landfilling N 2O emission under different oxygen concentrations. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2021; 149:106396. [PMID: 33524669 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Nitrous oxide (N2O), an important greenhouse gas, is emitted from landfill reservoirs, especially in the working face, where nitrification and denitrification occur under different O2 concentrations. In order to explore the effects of O2 concentration on N2O emissions and production pathways, the production of N2O from simulated fresh waste landfilling under 0%, 5%, 10%, and 21% (vol/vol) O2 concentrations were examined, and 15N isotopes were used as tracers to determine the contributions of nitrification (NF), heterotrophic denitrification (HD), and nitrification-coupled denitrification (NCD) to N2O production over a 72-h incubation period. Equal amounts of total nitrogen consumption occurred for all studied O2 concentration and the simulated waste tended to release more N2O under 0% and 21% O2. Heterotrophic denitrification was the main source of N2O release at the studied oxygen concentrations, contributing 90.51%, 69.04%, 80.75%, and 57.51% of N2O under O2 concentrations of 0%, 5%, 10%, and 21%, respectively. Only denitrification was observed in the simulated fresh waste when the oxygen concentration of the bulk atmosphere was 0%. The nitrate reductase (nirS)-encoding denitrifiers in the simulated landfill were also studied and significant differences were observed in the richness and diversity of the denitrifying community at different taxonomic levels. It was determined that optimising the O2 content is a crucial factor in N2O production that may allow greenhouse gas emissions and N turnover during landfill aeration to be minimised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengliang Zhang
- Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China; Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Xiaojun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Lai Wei
- Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Boguang Wang
- Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Shaohua Chen
- Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China.
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Maavara T, Siirila-Woodburn ER, Maina F, Maxwell RM, Sample JE, Chadwick KD, Carroll R, Newcomer ME, Dong W, Williams KH, Steefel CI, Bouskill NJ. Modeling geogenic and atmospheric nitrogen through the East River Watershed, Colorado Rocky Mountains. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0247907. [PMID: 33760812 PMCID: PMC7990236 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0247907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a growing understanding of the role that bedrock weathering can play as a source of nitrogen (N) to soils, groundwater and river systems. The significance is particularly apparent in mountainous environments where weathering fluxes can be large. However, our understanding of the relative contributions of rock-derived, or geogenic, N to the total N supply of mountainous watersheds remains poorly understood. In this study, we develop the High-Altitude Nitrogen Suite of Models (HAN-SoMo), a watershed-scale ensemble of process-based models to quantify the relative sources, transformations, and sinks of geogenic and atmospheric N through a mountain watershed. Our study is based in the East River Watershed (ERW) in the Upper Colorado River Basin. The East River is a near-pristine headwater watershed underlain primarily by an N-rich Mancos Shale bedrock, enabling the timing and magnitude of geogenic and atmospheric contributions to watershed scale dissolved N-exports to be quantified. Several calibration scenarios were developed to explore equifinality using >1600 N concentration measurements from streams, groundwater, and vadose zone samples collected over the course of four years across the watershed. When accounting for recycling of N through plant litter turnover, rock weathering accounts for approximately 12% of the annual dissolved N sources to the watershed in the most probable calibration scenario (0-31% in other scenarios), and 21% (0-44% in other scenarios) when considering only "new" N sources (i.e. geogenic and atmospheric). On an annual scale, instream dissolved N elimination, plant turnover (including cattle grazing) and atmospheric deposition are the most important controls on N cycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor Maavara
- Earth and Environmental Sciences Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, United States of America
- School of the Environment, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States of America
| | - Erica R. Siirila-Woodburn
- Earth and Environmental Sciences Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, United States of America
| | - Fadji Maina
- Earth and Environmental Sciences Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, United States of America
| | - Reed M. Maxwell
- Civil and Environmental Engineering, Princeton Environmental Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, United States of America
| | - James E. Sample
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Grimstad, Norway
| | - K. Dana Chadwick
- Earth and Environmental Sciences Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, United States of America
- Department of Earth System Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States of America
| | - Rosemary Carroll
- Desert Research Institute, Reno, NV, United States of America
- Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory, Crested Butte, CO, United States of America
| | - Michelle E. Newcomer
- Earth and Environmental Sciences Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, United States of America
| | - Wenming Dong
- Earth and Environmental Sciences Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, United States of America
| | - Kenneth H. Williams
- Earth and Environmental Sciences Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, United States of America
- Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory, Crested Butte, CO, United States of America
| | - Carl I. Steefel
- Earth and Environmental Sciences Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, United States of America
| | - Nicholas J. Bouskill
- Earth and Environmental Sciences Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, United States of America
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47
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The Effect of Nitrogen Fertilization on Tree Growth, Soil Organic Carbon and Nitrogen Leaching—A Modeling Study in a Steep Nitrogen Deposition Gradient in Sweden. FORESTS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/f12030298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) fertilization in forests has the potential to increase tree growth and carbon (C) sequestration, but it also means a risk of N leaching. Dynamic models can, if the important processes are well described, play an important role in assessing benefits and risks of nitrogen fertilization. The aim of this study was to test if the ForSAFE model is able to simulate correctly the effects of N fertilization when considering different levels of N availability in the forest. The model was applied for three sites in Sweden, representing low, medium and high nitrogen deposition. Simulations were performed for scenarios with and without fertilization. The effect of N fertilization on tree growth was largest at the low deposition site, whereas the effect on N leaching was more pronounced at the high deposition site. For soil organic carbon (SOC) the effects were generally small, but in the second forest rotation SOC was slightly higher after fertilization, especially at the low deposition site. The ForSAFE simulations largely confirm the N saturation theory which state that N will not be retained in the forest when the ecosystem is N saturated, and we conclude that the model can be a useful tool in assessing effects of N fertilization.
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48
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Tracing plant–environment interactions from organismal to planetary scales using stable isotopes: a mini review. Emerg Top Life Sci 2021; 5:301-316. [DOI: 10.1042/etls20200277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Natural isotope variation forms a mosaic of isotopically distinct pools across the biosphere and flows between pools integrate plant ecology with global biogeochemical cycling. Carbon, nitrogen, and water isotopic ratios (among others) can be measured in plant tissues, at root and foliar interfaces, and in adjacent atmospheric, water, and soil environments. Natural abundance isotopes provide ecological insight to complement and enhance biogeochemical research, such as understanding the physiological conditions during photosynthetic assimilation (e.g. water stress) or the contribution of unusual plant water or nutrient sources (e.g. fog, foliar deposition). While foundational concepts and methods have endured through four decades of research, technological improvements that enable measurement at fine spatiotemporal scales, of multiple isotopes, and of isotopomers, are advancing the field of stable isotope ecology. For example, isotope studies now benefit from the maturation of field-portable infrared spectroscopy, which allows the exploration of plant–environment sensitivity at physiological timescales. Isotope ecology is also benefiting from, and contributing to, new understanding of the plant–soil–atmosphere system, such as improving the representation of soil carbon pools and turnover in land surface models. At larger Earth-system scales, a maturing global coverage of isotope data and new data from site networks offer exciting synthesis opportunities to merge the insights of single-or multi-isotope analysis with ecosystem and remote sensing data in a data-driven modeling framework, to create geospatial isotope products essential for studies of global environmental change.
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Nutrient availability is a dominant predictor of soil bacterial and fungal community composition after nitrogen addition in subtropical acidic forests. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0246263. [PMID: 33621258 PMCID: PMC7901772 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0246263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Nutrient addition to forest ecosystems significantly influences belowground microbial diversity, community structure, and ecosystem functioning. Nitrogen (N) addition in forests is common in China, especially in the southeast region. However, the influence of N addition on belowground soil microbial community diversity in subtropical forests remains unclear. In May 2018, we randomly selected 12 experimental plots in a Pinus taiwanensis forest within the Daiyun Mountain Nature Reserve, Fujian Province, China, and subjected them to N addition treatments for one year. We investigated the responses of the soil microbial communities and identified the major elements that influenced microbial community composition in the experimental plots. The present study included three N treatments, i.e., the control (CT), low N addition (LN, 40 kg N ha-1 yr-1), and high N addition (HN, 80 kg N ha-1 yr-1), and two depths, 0−10 cm (topsoil) and 10−20 cm (subsoil), which were all sampled in the growing season (May) of 2019. Soil microbial diversity and community composition in the topsoil and subsoil were investigated using high-throughput sequencing of bacterial 16S rDNA genes and fungal internal transcribed spacer sequences. According to our results, 1) soil dissolved organic carbon (DOC) significantly decreased after HN addition, and available nitrogen (AN) significantly declined after LN addition, 2) bacterial α-diversity in the subsoil significantly decreased with HN addition, which was affected significantly by the interaction between N addition and soil layer, and 3) soil DOC, rather than pH, was the dominant environmental factor influencing soil bacterial community composition, while AN and MBN were the best predictors of soil fungal community structure dynamics. Moreover, N addition influence both diversity and community composition of soil bacteria more than those of fungi in the subtropical forests. The results of the present study provide further evidence to support shifts in soil microbial community structure in acidic subtropical forests in response to increasing N deposition.
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50
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Royo AA, Vickers LA, Long RP, Ristau TE, Stoleson SH, Stout SL. The Forest of Unintended Consequences: Anthropogenic Actions Trigger the Rise and Fall of Black Cherry. Bioscience 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/biosci/biab002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The twentieth century confluence of clear-cutting, deer overabundance, and rising nitrogen deposition favored dominance by the shade-intolerant, unpalatable, and nitrogen-demanding black cherry (Prunus serotina) throughout the Allegheny Plateau of the eastern United States. The abundance of this species conferred unique and valuable ecological and economic benefits that shaped regional biodiversity and societies. Sustaining these values is increasingly difficult because black cherry, seemingly inexplicably, has experienced diminished establishment, growth, and survival in the twenty-first century. In the present article, we chronicle the change and assess underlying drivers through a literature review and new analyses. We found negative plant–soil microbial feedback loops and lowered nitrogen deposition are biologically, temporally, and geographically consistent with observed declines. The evidence suggests that black cherry dynamics are the unintended consequence of actions and policies ostensibly unconnected to forests. We suggest that these shifts are a bellwether of impending changes to forests, economies, and ownership patterns regionally and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro A Royo
- USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station, Forestry Science Lab, Irvine, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Lance A Vickers
- University of Missouri's School of Natural Resources, Columbia, Missouri, United States
| | - Robert P Long
- USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station, Forestry Science Lab, Irvine, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Todd E Ristau
- USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station, Forestry Science Lab, Irvine, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Scott H Stoleson
- USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station, Forestry Science Lab, Irvine, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Susan L Stout
- USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station, Forestry Science Lab, Irvine, Pennsylvania, United States
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