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Aslan MN, Sukan-Karaçağıl B, Acar-Tek N. Roles of citrus fruits on energy expenditure, body weight management, and metabolic biomarkers: a comprehensive review. Nutr Rev 2024; 82:1292-1307. [PMID: 37702528 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuad116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Citrus fruits are widely consumed for their nutritional and health benefits. They belong to the Rutaceae and have many varieties, such as sweet orange (Citrus sinensis), which is the most popular. Citrus fruits are rich in water (>80%), dietary fiber, and vitamins. They also contain bioactive components, which may modulate energy metabolism and lipid oxidation through various mechanisms. These mechanisms include stimulating β3-adrenergic receptors, increasing mitochondrial biogenesis and thermogenesis, activating AMP kinase and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator-1α pathways, inhibiting lipogenesis and lipid accumulation, and inducing browning of white adipose tissue. This review summarizes the mechanisms and outcomes of citrus fruits and their metabolites on energy metabolism and body weight in different experimental models. The literature was searched for in vitro and in vivo animal and human studies that investigated the effects of citrus consumption on energy expenditure, thermogenesis, adipogenesis, and lipid accumulation. Citrus fruits and their metabolites have shown promising effects on energy metabolism and lipid oxidation in in vitro and in vivo animal studies. However, the evidence from human studies is limited and inconsistent. Possible reasons for the discrepancy are briefly discussed, and knowledge gaps and research needs are identified for future studies. Citrus fruits may have beneficial effects on energy metabolism and body weight, but more rigorous and well-designed human trials are needed to confirm their efficacy and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merve Nur Aslan
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University, Bolu, Turkey
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Institute of Health Sciences, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Betül Sukan-Karaçağıl
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Institute of Health Sciences, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nilüfer Acar-Tek
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
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2
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Shin SK, Kwon EY. Kaempferol ameliorates metabolic syndrome by inhibiting inflammation and oxidative stress in high-fat diet-induced obese mice. Nutr Res Pract 2024; 18:325-344. [PMID: 38854471 PMCID: PMC11156765 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2024.18.3.325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Kaempferol (Ka) is one of the most widely occurring flavonoids found in large amounts in various plants. Ka has anti-obesity, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory effects. Despite the numerous papers documenting the efficacy of Ka, some controversy remains. Therefore, this study examined the impact of Ka using 3T3-L1 and high-fat diet-induced obese mice. MATERIALS/METHODS 3T3-L1 cells were treated with 50 μM Ka from the initiation of 3T3-L1 differentiation at D0 until the completion of differentiation on D8. Thirty male mice (C57BL/6J, 4 weeks old) were divided into 3 groups: normal diet (ND), high-fat diet (HFD), and HFD + 0.02% (w/w) Ka (Ka) group. All mice were fed their respective diets ad libitum for 16 weeks. The mice were sacriced, and the plasma and hepatic lipid levels, white adipose tissue weight, hepatic glucose level, lipid level, and antioxidant enzyme activities were analyzed, and immunohistochemistry staining was performed. RESULTS Ka suppressed the hypertrophy of 3T3-L1 cells, and the Ka-supplemented mice showed a significant decrease in perirenal, retroperitoneal, mesenteric, and subcutaneous fat compared to the HFD group. Ka supplementation in high-fat diet-induced obese mice also improved the overall blood lipid concentration (total cholesterol, non-high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, phospholipids, and apolipoprotein B). Ka supplementation in high-fat-induced obesity mice reduced hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance by modulating the hepatic lipid (glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, fatty acid synthase, malic enzyme, phosphatidate phosphohydrolase, and β-oxidation) activities and glucose (glucokinase, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, and G6pase)-regulating enzymes. Ka supplementation ameliorated the erythrocyte and hepatic mitochondrial H2O2 and inflammation levels (plasma tumor necrosis factor-alpha, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, interleukin-6, and interferon-gamma and fibrosis of liver and epididymal fat). CONCLUSION Ka may be beneficial for preventing diet-induced obesity, inflammation, oxidative stress, and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Kyung Shin
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
- Center for Food and Nutritional Genomics Research, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | - Eun-Young Kwon
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
- Center for Food and Nutritional Genomics Research, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
- Center for Beautiful Aging, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
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3
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Gabriel de Almeida G, Bolin AP, Batistuzzo A, Fonseca TL, Ribeiro MO, Bianco AC. Genetic Background Strongly Influences the Impact of Carrying the Thr92Ala-DIO2 Polymorphism in the Male Mouse. Endocrinology 2024; 165:bqae064. [PMID: 38836615 PMCID: PMC11181002 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqae064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
About half of the world population carries at least one allele of the Ala92-DIO2, which slows down the activity of the type 2 deiodinase (D2), the enzyme that activates T4 to T3. Carrying the Ala92-DIO2 allele has been associated with increased body mass index and insulin resistance, but this has not been reproduced in all populations. To test if the genetic background affects the impact of this polymorphism, here we studied the genetically distant C57Bl/6J (B6) and FVB/N (FVB) mice carrying the Ala92-Dio2 allele as compared to control mice carrying the Thr92-Dio2 allele. Whereas B6-Ala92-Dio2 and B6-Thr92-Dio2 mice-fed chow or high-fat diet-behaved metabolically similar in studies using indirect calorimetry, glucose- and insulin tolerance tests, and measuring white adipose tissue (WAT) weight and liver steatosis, major differences were observed between FVB-Ala92-Dio2 and FVB-Thr92-Dio2 mice: carrying the Ala92-Dio2 allele (on a chow diet) resulted in hypercholesterolemia, smaller WAT pads, hepatomegaly, steatosis, and transcriptome changes in the interscapular brown adipose tissue (iBAT) typical of ER stress and apoptosis. Acclimatization at thermoneutrality (30 °C) eliminated most of the metabolic phenotype, indicating that impaired adaptive (BAT) thermogenesis can be involved. In conclusion, the metabolic impact of carrying the Ala92-Dio2 allele depends greatly on the genetic background of the mouse, varying from no phenotype in B6 mice to a major phenotype in FVB mice. These results will help the planning of future clinical trials studying the Thr92Ala-DIO2 polymorphism and may explain why some clinical studies performed in different populations across the globe have obtained inconsistent results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme Gabriel de Almeida
- Section of Adult and Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Anaysa P Bolin
- Department of Pharmacology, Biomedical Science Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508, Brazil
| | - Alice Batistuzzo
- Section of Adult and Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Tatiana L Fonseca
- Section of Adult and Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Miriam O Ribeiro
- Human Developmental Sciences Graduate Program, Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Presbyterian Mackenzie University, São Paulo, SP 01302, Brazil
| | - Antonio C Bianco
- Section of Adult and Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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4
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Heydarzadeh S, Moshtaghie AA, Daneshpour M, Hedayati M. Regulation of iodine-glucose flip-flop in SW1736 anaplastic thyroid cancer cell line. J Endocrinol Invest 2024:10.1007/s40618-024-02377-4. [PMID: 38698299 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-024-02377-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
AIMS AND BACKGROUND The alternative manner of iodide and glucose uptake found in different types of thyroid cancer, referred to flip-flop. ATC cells indicate low iodide uptake and high glucose uptake, which lack the morphology and genetic characteristics of well-differentiated tumors and become increasingly invasive. Importance placed on the discovery of innovative multi-targeted medicines to suppress the dysregulated signaling in cancer. In this research, we aimed to clarify molecular mechanism of Rutin as a phytomedicine on anaplastic thyroid cancer cell line based on iodide and glucose uptake. MATERIAL METHODS The MTT test was employed to test cell viability. Iodide uptake assay was performed using a spectrophotometric assay to determine iodide uptake in SW1736 cells based on Sandell-Kolthoff reaction. For glucose uptake detection, ''GOD-PAP'' enzymatic colorimetric assay was applied to measure the direct glucose levels inside of the cells. Determination of NIS, GLUT1 and 3 mRNA expression in SW1736 cells was performed by qRT-PCR. Determination of NIS, GLUT1 and 3 protein levels in SW1736 cells was performed by western blotting. RESULTS According to our results, Rutin inhibited the viability of SW1736 cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Quantitative Real-time RT-PCR analysis exposed that NIS mRNA levels were increased in Rutin treated group compared to the control group. Accordingly, western blot showed high expression of NIS protein and low expression of GLUT 1 and 3 in Rutin treated SW1736 cell line. Rutin increased iodide uptake and decreased glucose uptake in thyroid cancer cell line SW1736 compared to control group. CONCLUSION Multiple mechanisms point to Rutin's role as a major stimulator of iodide uptake and inhibitor of glucose uptake, including effects at the mRNA and protein levels for both NIS and GLUTs, respectively. Here in, we described the flip-flop phenomenon as a possible therapeutic target for ATC. Moreover, Rutin is first documented here as a NIS expression inducer capable of restoring cell differentiation in SW1736 cell line. It also be concluded that GLUTs as metabolic targets can be blocked specifically by Rutin for thyroid cancer prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Heydarzadeh
- Cellular and Molecular Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, No.23, Yemen St, Aarabi Street, 193954763, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Biochemistry, Falavarjan Branch Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran
| | - A A Moshtaghie
- Department of Biochemistry, Falavarjan Branch Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran
| | - M Daneshpour
- Cellular and Molecular Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, No.23, Yemen St, Aarabi Street, 193954763, Tehran, Iran
| | - M Hedayati
- Cellular and Molecular Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, No.23, Yemen St, Aarabi Street, 193954763, Tehran, Iran.
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Rongala S, Kolusu AS, Jakkamsetti MS, Mohanty SK, Samudrala PK, Arakareddy BP. Ameliorative effect of ferulic acid on thyroid dysfunction against propyl-thiouracil induced hypothyroid rats. Endocrine 2024:10.1007/s12020-024-03818-z. [PMID: 38637405 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-024-03818-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Hypothyroidism is an endocrine disorder characterised by decreased T3, T4 and increased TSH levels. This study aims to examine the potential effects of Ferulic acid (FA) on rats with hypothyroidism induced by propylthiouracil through the estimation of biochemical parameters and histopathological studies. METHODS Twenty-five female wistar rats were allocated into five groups: Control group [1% CMC, p.o.], Disease group [PTU-50 mg/kg, p.o.], [Levothyroxine (LT4) group - 20 µg/kg, p.o. + PTU-50 mg/kg, p.o.], [FA -25 mg/kg, p.o. + PTU-50 mg/kg, p.o.] and [FA 50 mg/kg, p.o. + PTU-50 mg/kg, p.o.]. On 15th day blood was collected and serum was separated for estimation of biochemical parameters, liver and kidney homogenate was utilised for the estimation of oxidative stress markers and the thyroid gland was dissected to examine histological features. RESULTS PTU administration for 14 days showed a substantial decline in T3 and T4 and increases in TSH levels. PTU-administered rats significantly increased TC, TG and LDL levels, and decreased HDL levels. AST, ALT, urea, creatinine, and IL-6 were determined and these levels were significantly altered in PTU-induced hypothyroid group. In hypothyroid rats MDA, NO, GSH and SOD levels were significantly altered. However, treatment with FA for 14 days attenuated PTU-induced alterations. Furthermore, FA improves the histological changes of the thyroid gland. CONCLUSION In conclusion, FA treatment showed a protective effect against hypothyroidism by stimulating the thyroid hormones through the activation of thyroid peroxidase enzyme and improving thyroid function. In addition, FA diminished the increase in lipids, liver and kidney markers, oxidative stress and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suma Rongala
- Department of Pharmacology, Shri Vishnu College of Pharmacy (SVCP) - Vishnupur, West Godavari, Bhimavaram, 534202, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Aravinda Sai Kolusu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shri Vishnu College of Pharmacy (SVCP) - Vishnupur, West Godavari, Bhimavaram, 534202, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Madhuri Suma Jakkamsetti
- Department of Pharmacology, Shri Vishnu College of Pharmacy (SVCP) - Vishnupur, West Godavari, Bhimavaram, 534202, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Sujit Kumar Mohanty
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Shri Vishnu College of Pharmacy (SVCP) - Vishnupur, West Godavari, Bhimavaram, 534202, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Pavan Kumar Samudrala
- Department of Pharmacology, Shri Vishnu College of Pharmacy (SVCP) - Vishnupur, West Godavari, Bhimavaram, 534202, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Bhanu Prakash Arakareddy
- Department of Pharmacology, Shri Vishnu College of Pharmacy (SVCP) - Vishnupur, West Godavari, Bhimavaram, 534202, Andhra Pradesh, India.
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6
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Zhao XY, Wang JQ, Neely GG, Shi YC, Wang QP. Natural compounds as obesity pharmacotherapies. Phytother Res 2024; 38:797-838. [PMID: 38083970 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.8083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
Obesity has become a serious global public health problem, affecting over 988 million people worldwide. Nevertheless, current pharmacotherapies have proven inadequate. Natural compounds have garnered significant attention due to their potential antiobesity effects. Over the past three decades, ca. 50 natural compounds have been evaluated for the preventive and/or therapeutic effects on obesity in animals and humans. However, variations in the antiobesity efficacies among these natural compounds have been substantial, owing to differences in experimental designs, including variations in animal models, dosages, treatment durations, and administration methods. The feasibility of employing these natural compounds as pharmacotherapies for obesity remained uncertain. In this review, we systematically summarized the antiobesity efficacy and mechanisms of action of each natural compound in animal models. This comprehensive review furnishes valuable insights for the development of antiobesity medications based on natural compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Yuan Zhao
- Laboratory of Metabolism and Aging, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ji-Qiu Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - G Gregory Neely
- The Dr. John and Anne Chong Laboratory for Functional Genomics, Charles Perkins Centre and School of Life & Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Yan-Chuan Shi
- Diabetes and Metabolism Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Qiao-Ping Wang
- Laboratory of Metabolism and Aging, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
- Medical Center for Comprehensive Weight Control, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diabetology, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Mechanistic and Translational Obesity Research, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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7
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Moore WT, Luo J, Liu D. Kaempferol improves glucose uptake in skeletal muscle via an AMPK-dependent mechanism. FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2023.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
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8
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Zhang X, Hou X, Xu C, Cheng S, Ni X, Shi Y, Yao Y, Chen L, Hu MG, Xia D. Kaempferol regulates the thermogenic function of adipocytes in high-fat-diet-induced obesity via the CDK6/RUNX1/UCP1 signaling pathway. Food Funct 2023; 14:8201-8216. [PMID: 37551935 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo00613a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
Activation of adipose tissue thermogenesis is a promising strategy in the treatment of obesity and obesity-related metabolic disorders. Kaempferol (KPF) is a predominant dietary flavonoid with multiple pharmacological properties, such as anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. In this study, we sought to characterize the role of KPF in adipocyte thermogenesis. We demonstrated that KPF-treated mice were protected from diet-induced obesity, glucose tolerance, and insulin resistance, accompanied by markedly increased energy expenditure, ex vivo oxygen consumption of white fat, and increased expression of proteins related to adaptive thermogenesis. KPF-promoted beige cell formation is a cell-autonomous effect, since the overexpression of cyclin-dependent kinase 6 (CDK6) in preadipocytes partially reversed browning phenotypes observed in KPF-treated cells. Overall, these data implicate that KPF is involved in promoting beige cell formation by suppressing CDK6 protein expression. This study provides evidence that KPF is a promising natural product for obesity treatment by boosting energy expenditure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxi Zhang
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China.
- Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Xiaoli Hou
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China.
- Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Changyu Xu
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China.
| | - Siyao Cheng
- School of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Xintao Ni
- School of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Yueyue Shi
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China.
| | - Yanjing Yao
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China.
| | - Liangxin Chen
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China.
| | - Miaofen G Hu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology Oncology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, 02111, USA.
| | - Daozong Xia
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China.
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A Perspective on the Link between Mitochondria-Associated Membranes (MAMs) and Lipid Droplets Metabolism in Neurodegenerative Diseases. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:biology12030414. [PMID: 36979106 PMCID: PMC10045954 DOI: 10.3390/biology12030414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria interact with the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) through contacts called mitochondria-associated membranes (MAMs), which control several processes, such as the ER stress response, mitochondrial and ER dynamics, inflammation, apoptosis, and autophagy. MAMs represent an important platform for transport of non-vesicular phospholipids and cholesterol. Therefore, this region is highly enriched in proteins involved in lipid metabolism, including the enzymes that catalyze esterification of cholesterol into cholesteryl esters (CE) and synthesis of triacylglycerols (TAG) from fatty acids (FAs), which are then stored in lipid droplets (LDs). LDs, through contact with other organelles, prevent the toxic consequences of accumulation of unesterified (free) lipids, including lipotoxicity and oxidative stress, and serve as lipid reservoirs that can be used under multiple metabolic and physiological conditions. The LDs break down by autophagy releases of stored lipids for energy production and synthesis of membrane components and other macromolecules. Pathological lipid deposition and autophagy disruption have both been reported to occur in several neurodegenerative diseases, supporting that lipid metabolism alterations are major players in neurodegeneration. In this review, we discuss the current understanding of MAMs structure and function, focusing on their roles in lipid metabolism and the importance of autophagy in LDs metabolism, as well as the changes that occur in neurogenerative diseases.
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10
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Visco DB, Manhães de Castro R, da Silva MM, Costa de Santana BJR, Bezerra Gouveia HJC, de Moura Ferraz MLR, de Albuquerque GL, Lacerda DC, de Vasconcelos DAA, Guzman Quevedo O, Toscano AE. Neonatal kaempferol exposure attenuates gait and strength deficits and prevents altered muscle phenotype in a rat model of cerebral palsy. Int J Dev Neurosci 2023; 83:80-97. [PMID: 36342836 DOI: 10.1002/jdn.10239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral palsy (CP) is characterized by brain damage at a critical period of development of the central nervous system, and, as a result, motor, behavioural and learning deficits are observed in those affected. Flavonoids such as kaempferol have demonstrated potential anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties for neurological disorders. This study aimed to assess the effects of neonatal treatment with kaempferol on the body development, grip strength, gait performance and morphological and biochemical phenotype of skeletal muscle in rats subjected to a model of CP. The groups were formed by randomly allocating male Wistar rats after birth to four groups as follows: C = control treated with vehicle, K = control treated with kaempferol, CP = CP treated with vehicle and CPK = CP treated with kaempferol. The model of CP involved perinatal anoxia and sensorimotor restriction of the hind paws during infancy, from the second to the 28th day of postnatal life. Treatment with kaempferol (1 mg/kg) was performed intraperitoneally during the neonatal period. Body weight and length, muscle strength, gait kinetics and temporal and spatial parameters were evaluated in the offspring. On the 36th day of postnatal life, the animals were euthanized for soleus muscle dissection. The muscle fibre phenotype was assessed using the myofibrillar ATPase technique, and the muscle protein expression was measured using the Western blot technique. A reduction in the impact of CP on body phenotype was observed, and this also attenuated deficits in muscle strength and gait. Treatment also mitigated the impact on muscle phenotype by preventing a reduction in the proportion of oxidative fibres and in the histomorphometric parameters in the soleus muscle of rats in the CP group. The results demonstrate that neonatal treatment with kaempferol attenuated gait deficits and impaired muscle strength and muscle maturation in rats subjected to a model of CP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Bulcão Visco
- Laboratory of Neurofunctional, Department of Biological Science and Health, Federal University of Amapá, Macapá, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Nutrition (Posnutri), Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil.,Studies in Nutrition and Phenotypic Plasticity Unit, Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Raul Manhães de Castro
- Postgraduate Program in Nutrition (Posnutri), Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil.,Studies in Nutrition and Phenotypic Plasticity Unit, Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Márcia Maria da Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Nutrition (Posnutri), Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil.,Studies in Nutrition and Phenotypic Plasticity Unit, Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Bárbara Juacy Rodrigues Costa de Santana
- Studies in Nutrition and Phenotypic Plasticity Unit, Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Neuropsychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (Posneuro), Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Henrique José Cavalcanti Bezerra Gouveia
- Postgraduate Program in Nutrition (Posnutri), Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil.,Studies in Nutrition and Phenotypic Plasticity Unit, Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | | | - Glayciele Leandro de Albuquerque
- Studies in Nutrition and Phenotypic Plasticity Unit, Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Neuropsychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (Posneuro), Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Diego Cabral Lacerda
- Studies in Nutrition and Phenotypic Plasticity Unit, Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Diogo Antonio Alves de Vasconcelos
- Postgraduate Program in Nutrition (Posnutri), Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil.,Studies in Nutrition and Phenotypic Plasticity Unit, Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Omar Guzman Quevedo
- Studies in Nutrition and Phenotypic Plasticity Unit, Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil.,Instituto Tecnológico Superior de Tacámbaro, Tacámbaro, Mexico.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Michoacán, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Morelia, Mexico.,Postgraduate Program in Neuropsychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (Posneuro), Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Ana Elisa Toscano
- Postgraduate Program in Nutrition (Posnutri), Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil.,Studies in Nutrition and Phenotypic Plasticity Unit, Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil.,Nursing Unit, Vitória Academic Center, Federal University of Pernambuco, Vitória de Santo Antão, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Neuropsychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (Posneuro), Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
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11
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Ain QT, Siddique K, Bawazeer S, Ali I, Mazhar M, Rasool R, Mubeen B, Ullah F, Unar A, Jafar TH. Adaptive mechanisms in quinoa for coping in stressful environments: an update. PeerJ 2023; 11:e14832. [PMID: 36883058 PMCID: PMC9985901 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) is a grain-like, genetically diverse, highly complex, nutritious, and stress-tolerant food that has been used in Andean Indigenous cultures for thousands of years. Over the past several decades, numerous nutraceutical and food companies are using quinoa because of its perceived health benefits. Seeds of quinoa have a superb balance of proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, saponins, vitamins, phenolics, minerals, phytoecdysteroids, glycine betaine, and betalains. Quinoa due to its high nutritional protein contents, minerals, secondary metabolites and lack of gluten, is used as the main food source worldwide. In upcoming years, the frequency of extreme events and climatic variations is projected to increase which will have an impact on reliable and safe production of food. Quinoa due to its high nutritional quality and adaptability has been suggested as a good candidate to offer increased food security in a world with increased climatic variations. Quinoa possesses an exceptional ability to grow and adapt in varied and contrasting environments, including drought, saline soil, cold, heat UV-B radiation, and heavy metals. Adaptations in salinity and drought are the most commonly studied stresses in quinoa and their genetic diversity associated with two stresses has been extensively elucidated. Because of the traditional wide-ranging cultivation area of quinoa, different quinoa cultivars are available that are specifically adapted for specific stress and with broad genetic variability. This review will give a brief overview of the various physiological, morphological and metabolic adaptations in response to several abiotic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qura Tul Ain
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Lahore, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Kiran Siddique
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Sami Bawazeer
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Iftikhar Ali
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University, New York, United States.,Center for Plant Sciences and Biodiversity, University of Swat, Swat, Pakistan
| | - Maham Mazhar
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Lahore, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Rabia Rasool
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Lahore, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Bismillah Mubeen
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Lahore, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Farman Ullah
- Center for Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Swat, Swat, Pakistan
| | - Ahsanullah Unar
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science & Technology, China, Hefei, China
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12
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Romero-Juárez PA, Visco DB, Manhães-de-Castro R, Urquiza-Martínez MV, Saavedra LM, González-Vargas MC, Mercado-Camargo R, Aquino JDS, Toscano AE, Torner L, Guzmán-Quevedo O. Dietary flavonoid kaempferol reduces obesity-associated hypothalamic microglia activation and promotes body weight loss in mice with obesity. Nutr Neurosci 2023; 26:25-39. [PMID: 34905445 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2021.2012629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity results from an unbalance in the ingested and burned calories. Energy balance (EB) is critically regulated by the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (ARC) by promoting appetite or anorectic actions. Hypothalamic inflammation, driven by high activation of the microglia, has been reported as a key mechanism involved in the development of diet-induced obesity. Kaempferol (KF), a flavonoid-type polyphenol present in a large number of fruits and vegetables, was shown to regulate both energy metabolism and inflammation. OBJECTIVES In this work, we studied the effects of both the central and peripheral treatment with KF on hypothalamic inflammation and EB regulation in mice with obesity. METHODS Obese adult mice were chronically (40 days) treated with KF (0.5 mg/kg/day, intraperitoneally). During the treatment, body weight, food intake (FI), feed efficiency (FE), glucose tolerance, and insulin sensitivity were determined. Analysis of microglia activation in the ARC of the hypothalamus at the end of the treatment was also performed. Body weight, FI, and FE changes were also evaluated in response to 5µg KF, centrally administrated. RESULTS Chronic administration of KF decreased ∼43% of the density, and ∼30% of the ratio, of activated microglia in the arcuate nucleus. These changes were accompanied by body weight loss, decreased FE, reduced fasting blood glucose, and a tendency to improve insulin sensitivity. Finally, acute central administration of KF reproduced the effects on EB triggered by peripheral administration. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that KF might fight obesity by regulating central processes related to EB regulation and hypothalamic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro A Romero-Juárez
- Instituto Tecnológico Superior de Tacámbaro, Michoacán, México.,Facultad de Químico-Farmacobiología, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, México.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Michoacán, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Morelia, México
| | - Diego Bulcão Visco
- Instituto Tecnológico Superior de Tacámbaro, Michoacán, México.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Michoacán, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Morelia, México.,Departamento de Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brasil.,Unidade de Estudos em Nutrição e Plasticidade Fenotípica do Departamento de Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Raul Manhães-de-Castro
- Departamento de Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brasil.,Unidade de Estudos em Nutrição e Plasticidade Fenotípica do Departamento de Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Mercedes V Urquiza-Martínez
- Facultad de Químico-Farmacobiología, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, México.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Michoacán, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Morelia, México
| | - Luis Miguel Saavedra
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Michoacán, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Morelia, México
| | - Mari C González-Vargas
- Instituto Tecnológico Superior de Tacámbaro, Michoacán, México.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Michoacán, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Morelia, México
| | - Rosalio Mercado-Camargo
- Facultad de Químico-Farmacobiología, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, México
| | - Jailane de Souza Aquino
- Laboratório de Nutrição Experimental, Departamento de Nutrição, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Ana E Toscano
- Unidade de Estudos em Nutrição e Plasticidade Fenotípica do Departamento de Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil.,Departmento de Enfermagem, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brasil.,Pós-Graduação em Neuropsiquiatria e Ciências do Comportamento, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brasil
| | - Luz Torner
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Michoacán, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Morelia, México
| | - Omar Guzmán-Quevedo
- Instituto Tecnológico Superior de Tacámbaro, Michoacán, México.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Michoacán, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Morelia, México.,Pós-Graduação em Neuropsiquiatria e Ciências do Comportamento, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brasil
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13
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Hussain MI, Farooq M, Syed QA, Ishaq A, Al-Ghamdi AA, Hatamleh AA. Botany, Nutritional Value, Phytochemical Composition and Biological Activities of Quinoa. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10112258. [PMID: 34834624 PMCID: PMC8624085 DOI: 10.3390/plants10112258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Quinoa is a climate-resilient food grain crop that has gained significant importance in the last few years due to its nutritional composition, phytochemical properties and associated health benefits. Quinoa grain is enriched in amino acids, fiber, minerals, phenolics, saponins, phytosterols and vitamins. Quinoa possesses different human-health promoting biological substances and nutraceutical molecules. This review synthesizes and summarizes recent findings regarding the nutrition and phytochemical properties of quinoa grains and discusses the associated biological mechanisms. Quinoa grains and grain-based supplements are useful in treating different biological disorders of the human body. Quinoa is being promoted as an exceptionally healthy food and a gluten-free super grain. Quinoa could be used as a biomedicine due to the presence of functional compounds that may help to prevent various chronic diseases. Future research needs to explore the nutraceutical and pharmaceutical aspects of quinoa that might help to control different chronic diseases and to promote human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Iftikhar Hussain
- Department of Plant Biology & Soil Science, Universidad de Vigo, As Lagoas, Marcosende, s/n, 36310 Vigo, Spain
- CITACA, Agri-Food Research and Transfer Cluster, Campus da Auga, Universidad de Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain
- Correspondence:
| | - Muhammad Farooq
- Department of Plant Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khoudh 123, Oman;
| | - Qamar Abbas Syed
- National Institute of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Food, Nutrition & Home Sciences University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan;
| | - Anum Ishaq
- School of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Management & Technology, Johar Town, Lahore 54770, Pakistan;
| | - Abdullah Ahmed Al-Ghamdi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.A.-G.); (A.A.H.)
| | - Ashraf A. Hatamleh
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.A.-G.); (A.A.H.)
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Abstract
Deiodinases modify the biological activity of thyroid hormone (TH) molecules, ie, they may activate thyroxine (T4) to 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T3), or they may inactivate T3 to 3,3'-diiodo-L-thyronine (T2) or T4 to reverse triiodothyronine (rT3). Although evidence of deiodination of T4 to T3 has been available since the 1950s, objective evidence of TH metabolism was not established until the 1970s. The modern paradigm considers that the deiodinases not only play a role in the homeostasis of circulating T3, but they also provide dynamic control of TH signaling: cells that express the activating type 2 deiodinase (D2) have enhanced TH signaling due to intracellular build-up of T3; the opposite is seen in cells that express type 3 deiodinase (D3), the inactivating deiodinase. D2 and D3 are expressed in metabolically relevant tissues such as brown adipose tissue, skeletal muscle and liver, and their roles have been investigated using cell, animal, and human models. During development, D2 and D3 expression customize for each tissue/organ the timing and intensity of TH signaling. In adult cells, D2 is induced by cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), and its expression is invariably associated with enhanced T3 signaling, expression of PGC1 and accelerated energy expenditure. In contrast, D3 expression is induced by hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1a), dampening T3 signaling and the metabolic rate. The coordinated expression of these enzymes adjusts TH signaling in a time- and tissue-specific fashion, affecting metabolic pathways in health and disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel C Russo
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Federico Salas-Lucia
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Antonio C Bianco
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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15
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Świątek Ł, Sieniawska E, Sinan KI, Maciejewska-Turska M, Boguszewska A, Polz-Dacewicz M, Senkardes I, Guler GO, Bibi Sadeer N, Mahomoodally MF, Zengin G. LC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS Analysis, Cytotoxic, Antiviral, Antioxidant, and Enzyme Inhibitory Properties of Four Extracts of Geranium pyrenaicum Burm. f.: A Good Gift from the Natural Treasure. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:7621. [PMID: 34299238 PMCID: PMC8307321 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
This study focused on the biological evaluation and chemical characterization of Geranium pyrenaicum Burm. f. Different solvent extracts (hexane, ethyl acetate, methanol, and water extracts) were prepared. The phytochemical profile, antioxidant, and enzyme inhibitory activity were investigated. Cytotoxicity was assessed using VERO, FaDu, HeLa and RKO cells. The antiviral activity was carried out against HSV-1 (Herpes simplex virus 1) propagated in VERO cell line. The aqueous extract, possessing high phenolic content (170.50 mg gallic acid equivalent/g extract), showed the highest reducing capacity (613.27 and 364.10 mg Trolox equivalent/g extract, for cupric reducing antioxidant capacity and ferric reducing antioxidant power, respectively), radical scavenging potential (469.82 mg Trolox equivalent/g extract, against 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)), metal chelating ability (52.39 mg ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid equivalent/g extract) and total antioxidant capacity (3.15 mmol Trolox equivalent/g extract). Liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-quadrupole time-of-flight-mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS) alloved to tentatively identify a total of 56 compounds in the extracts, including ellagitannins, gallic acid and galloyl derivatives amongst others. The ethyl acetate extracts substantially depressed cholinesterase enzymes (4.49 and 12.26 mg galantamine equivalent/g extract against AChE and BChE, respectively) and α-amylase enzyme (1.04 mmol acarbose equivalent/g extract). On the other hand, the methanolic extract inhibited tyrosinase (121.42 mg kojic acid equivalent/g extract) and α-glucosidase (2.39 mmol acarbose equivalent/g extract) activities. The highest selectivity towards all cancer cell lines (SI 4.5-10.8) was observed with aqueous extract with the FaDu cells being the most sensitive (CC50 40.22 µg/mL). It can be concluded that the presence of certain bioactive antiviral molecules may be related to the high anti HSV-1 activity of the methanolic extract. This work has generated vital scientific data on this medicinal plant, which is a prospective candidate for the creation of innovative phyto-pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Świątek
- Department of Virology with SARS Laboratory, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 1, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (A.B.); (M.P.-D.)
| | - Elwira Sieniawska
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 1, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (E.S.); (M.M.-T.)
| | - Kouadio Ibrahime Sinan
- Physiology and Biochemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Selcuk University, Konya 42130, Turkey;
| | | | - Anastazja Boguszewska
- Department of Virology with SARS Laboratory, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 1, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (A.B.); (M.P.-D.)
| | - Małgorzata Polz-Dacewicz
- Department of Virology with SARS Laboratory, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 1, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (A.B.); (M.P.-D.)
| | - Ismail Senkardes
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Marmara University, Istanbul 34854, Turkey;
| | - Gokalp Ozmen Guler
- Department of Biological Education, Ahmet Kelesoglu Education Faculty, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya 42090, Turkey;
| | - Nabeelah Bibi Sadeer
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Mauritius, Réduit 80837, Mauritius; (N.B.S.); (M.F.M.)
| | - Mohamad Fawzi Mahomoodally
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Mauritius, Réduit 80837, Mauritius; (N.B.S.); (M.F.M.)
| | - Gokhan Zengin
- Physiology and Biochemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Selcuk University, Konya 42130, Turkey;
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16
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Tsuji H, Kondo M, Odani W, Takino T, Takeda R, Sakai T. Treatment with indigo plant (Polygonum tinctorium Lour) improves serum lipid profiles in Wistar rats fed a high-fat diet. THE JOURNAL OF MEDICAL INVESTIGATION 2021; 67:158-162. [PMID: 32378600 DOI: 10.2152/jmi.67.158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the effects of Polygonum tinctorium Lour (PTL), a plant commonly known as indigo, on biological parameters in an animal model of high-fat diet-induced obesity. Wistar rats fed a high-fat diet and treated with PTL showed lower serum levels of triglycerides and total cholesterol levels and a higher serum levels of HDL cholesterol than those in Wistar rats fed a high-fat diet without PTL treatment. The weight of mesenteric fat in PTL-treated rats was decreased compared to that in control rats not treated with PTL. In addition, energy metabolic rate in the dark period, but not in the light period, in PTL-treated rats was higher than that in control rats. Although a significant difference was not observed, body weight in PTL-treated rats tended to be decreased compared to that in control rats. The results show that PTL improves serum lipid profiles in Wistar rats with high-fat diet-induced obesity. J. Med. Invest. 67 : 158-162, February, 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroko Tsuji
- Department of Public Health and Applied Nutrition, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan.,Faculity of Human Life Science, Shikoku University, Oujin-cho 123-1, Tokushima 771-1192, Japan
| | - Maki Kondo
- Faculity of Human Life Science, Shikoku University, Oujin-cho 123-1, Tokushima 771-1192, Japan
| | - Wataru Odani
- Faculity of Human Life Science, Shikoku University, Oujin-cho 123-1, Tokushima 771-1192, Japan
| | - Tasuku Takino
- Faculity of Human Life Science, Shikoku University, Oujin-cho 123-1, Tokushima 771-1192, Japan
| | - Risako Takeda
- Department of Public Health and Applied Nutrition, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan.,Faculity of Human Life Science, Shikoku University, Oujin-cho 123-1, Tokushima 771-1192, Japan
| | - Tohru Sakai
- Department of Public Health and Applied Nutrition, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
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17
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Di Dalmazi G, Giuliani C. Plant constituents and thyroid: A revision of the main phytochemicals that interfere with thyroid function. Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 152:112158. [PMID: 33789121 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.112158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
In the past few decades, there has been a lot of interest in plant constituents for their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial and anti-proliferative properties. However, concerns have been raised on their potential toxic effects particularly when consumed at high dose. The anti-thyroid effects of some plant constituents have been known for some time. Indeed, epidemiological observations have shown the causal association between staple food based on brassicaceae or soybeans and the development of goiter and/or hypothyroidism. Herein, we review the main plant constituents that interfere with normal thyroid function such as cyanogenic glucosides, polyphenols, phenolic acids, and alkaloids. In detail, we summarize the in vitro and in vivo studies present in the literature, focusing on the compounds that are more abundant in foods or that are available as dietary supplements. We highlight the mechanism of action of these compounds on thyroid cells by giving a particular emphasis to the experimental studies that can be significant for human health. Furthermore, we reveal that the anti-thyroid effects of these plant constituents are clinically evident only when they are consumed in very large amounts or when their ingestion is associated with other conditions that impair thyroid function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Di Dalmazi
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST) and Department of Medicine and Aging Science, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, 66100, Chieti, Italy; Department of Medicine and Aging Science, Translational Medicine PhD Program, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, 66100, Chieti, Italy.
| | - Cesidio Giuliani
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST) and Department of Medicine and Aging Science, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, 66100, Chieti, Italy.
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18
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Wen G, Eder K, Ringseis R. Resveratrol Alleviates the Inhibitory Effect of Tunicamycin-Induced Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress on Expression of Genes Involved in Thyroid Hormone Synthesis in FRTL-5 Thyrocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094373. [PMID: 33922129 PMCID: PMC8122728 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, ER stress induced by tunicamycin (TM) was reported to inhibit the expression of key genes involved in thyroid hormone synthesis, such as sodium/iodide symporter (NIS), thyroid peroxidase (TPO) and thyroglobulin (TG), and their regulators such as thyrotropin receptor (TSHR), thyroid transcription factor-1 (TTF-1), thyroid transcription factor-2 (TTF-2) and paired box gene 8 (PAX-8), in FRTL-5 thyrocytes. The present study tested the hypothesis that resveratrol (RSV) alleviates this effect of TM in FRTL-5 cells. While treatment of FRTL-5 cells with TM alone (0.1 µg/mL) for 48 h strongly induced the ER stress-sensitive genes heat shock protein family A member 5 (HSPA5) and DNA damage inducible transcript 3 (DDIT3) and repressed NIS, TPO, TG, TSHR, TTF-1, TTF-2 and PAX-8, combined treatment with TM (0.1 µg/mL) and RSV (10 µM) for 48 h attenuated this effect of TM. In conclusion, RSV alleviates TM-induced ER stress and attenuates the strong impairment of expression of genes involved in thyroid hormone synthesis and their regulators in FRTL-5 thyrocytes exposed to TM-induced ER stress. Thus, RSV may be useful for the treatment of specific thyroid disorders, provided that strategies with improved oral bioavailability of RSV are applied.
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19
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Han X, Zhao S, Song H, Xu T, Fang Q, Hu G, Sun L. Kaempferol alleviates LD-mitochondrial damage by promoting autophagy: Implications in Parkinson's disease. Redox Biol 2021; 41:101911. [PMID: 33713908 PMCID: PMC7967038 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.101911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence indicates that unexpected lipid droplet (LD) deposition and peroxidation can accelerate organelle stress and plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs). In our previous study, we confirmed that kaempferol (Ka), a natural flavonoid small molecule, exhibited neuroprotective effects on mice with LPS-induced Parkinson's disease (PD). In addition, previous studies have shown that autophagy plays an important role in the regulation of cellular LD deposition. In the current study, we showed that Ka protected against TH+ neuronal loss and behavioral deficits in MPTP/p-induced PD mice, accompanied by reduced lipid oxidative stress in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc). In cultured neuronal cells, Ka exhibited a relatively safe concentration range and significantly suppressed LD accumulation and cellular apoptosis induced by MPP+. Further study indicated that the protective effect of Ka was dependent on autophagy, specifically lipophagy. Critically, Ka promoted autophagy to mediate LD degradation in lysosomes, which then alleviated lipid deposition and peroxidation and the resulting mitochondrial damage, consequently reducing neuronal death. Furthermore, AAV-shAtg5-mediated Atg5 knockdown abolished the neuroprotective effects of Ka against lipid oxidation in PD mice. This work demonstrates that Ka prevents dopaminergic neuronal degeneration in PD via the inhibition of lipid peroxidation-mediated mitochondrial damage by promoting lipophagy and provides a potential novel therapeutic strategy for PD and related NDDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojuan Han
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China; Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China; Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China.
| | - Shengnan Zhao
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hua Song
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tianshu Xu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Qijun Fang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Gang Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.
| | - Linyun Sun
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China.
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20
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Salazar J, Cano C, Pérez JL, Castro A, Díaz MP, Garrido B, Carrasquero R, Chacín M, Velasco M, D Marco L, Rojas-Quintero J, Bermúdez V. Role of Dietary Polyphenols in Adipose Tissue Browning: A Narrative Review. Curr Pharm Des 2021; 26:4444-4460. [PMID: 32611294 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200701211422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Lifestyle modifications such as energy restriction and increased physical activity are highly effective in the management of obesity. However, adherence to these therapeutic approaches is poor. On the other hand, synthetic drugs used for obesity control are plagued by adverse effects. Despite these failures, adipose tissue is still an attractive therapeutic target for novel molecules, and thus, the characterisation of new and safer anti-obesity drugs is of significant interest. For this reason, in recent years, phenolic constituents of diverse plants have drawn much attention due to their health-promoting properties, opening new research lines related to brown adipose tissue activation and white adipose tissue (WAT) browning. The goal is to increase energy expenditure levels through thermogenic activity activation by multiple factors, like polyphenols. The suggested mechanisms by which polyphenols can modulate thermogenesis include Nor-epinephrine/Catechol-O-Methyl-Transferase (NE/COMT) inhibition, PPARγ co-activator alpha (PGC-1α)-dependent pathways activation, and mitochondrial biogenesis, among others. Although polyphenols such as quercetin, catechins, chrysin, luteolin, curcumin, resveratrol, gallic acid, and lignans have shown a positive effect on Non-Shivering Thermogenesis and WAT browning, most of them have only been active in murine models or in vitro systems, and their reproducibility in humans has to be proved. Probably in the future, an approach that includes these compounds as part of the nutritional regimen in conjunction with physical exercise, pharmacological and surgical therapy, would allow modulating a pathophysiological mechanism that is still elusive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Salazar
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center. School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - Clímaco Cano
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center. School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - José L Pérez
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center. School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - Ana Castro
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center. School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - María P Díaz
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center. School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - Bermary Garrido
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center. School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - Rubén Carrasquero
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center. School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - Maricarmen Chacín
- Universidad Simón Bolívar, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - Manuel Velasco
- Universidad Central de Venezuela, Escuela de Medicina José María Vargas, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Luis D Marco
- Hospital Clínico Universitario, INCLIVA, Nephrology department, Valencia, Espana
| | - Joselyn Rojas-Quintero
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Department, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Valmore Bermúdez
- Universidad Simón Bolívar, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Barranquilla, Colombia
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Singh S, Panda V, S. S, Dande P. Protective effect of a polyherbal bioactive fraction in propylthiouracil-induced thyroid toxicity in ratsby modulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axes. Toxicol Rep 2020; 7:730-742. [PMID: 32579134 PMCID: PMC7301176 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2020.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypothyroidism is the most frequent toxic effect of a large variety of chemical compounds. The polyherbal bioactive fraction exhibited a pro-thyroid effect in hypothyroidic rats. The polyherbal fraction restored the propylthiouracil-depleted thyroid hormone levels significantly. The polyherbal fraction may act through multiple mechanisms to exhibit a pro-thyroid effect.
Hypothyroidism is the most frequent consequence of the interaction of a large variety of drugs, environmental pollutants and industrial chemicals with the thyroid gland. It is associated with diminished endocrine function which may lead to hyperlipidemia, diabetes, Alzheimer’s disease, weight gain, and other metabolic disorders. The present study evaluates the pro-thyroid activity of a bioactive fraction from a polyherbal teabag in rats with hypothyroidism induced by propylthiouracil. The teabag was formulated to stimulate synthesis and/or release of T4 and affectthe conversion of T4 to T3. Phytoconstituents of the polyherbal teabag are potent antioxidants that may be responsible for the pro-thyroid activity. The tea-extract (1000 mg) was found to contain 1076 μg of gallic acid and 1131 μg of rutin from HPTLC analysis. Rats received propylthiouracil (8 mg/kg) for the first 15days followed by the polyherbal tea-extract (500, 1000 and 1500 mg/kg), the standard drug levothyroxine (0.1 mg/kg), aerobic exercise, and a combination of tea-extract (1000 mg/kg) and aerobic exercise daily along with propylthiouracil for the next 30 days. Finally, rats received their respective treatments alone without propylthiouracil for 15 more days. Lipid profile and levels of glucose, insulin, T3, T4, TSH, cortisol, homocysteine, creatinine, uric acid, malondialdehyde, glucose-6 phosphatase, and endogenous antioxidants were determined. All treatments attenuated significantly the propylthiouracil-elevated TSH, homocysteine, creatinine, uric acid, glucose-6-phosphatase, insulin, and malondialdehyde levels, and restored favorably the propylthiouracil-altered lipid profile, T3, T4, and endogenous antioxidant levels. The polyherbal tea-extract (1000 and 1500 mg/kg) treatment and thecombination treatment of tea-extract (1000 mg/kg) with aerobic exercise displayed significant restoration of the suboptimalthyroid function. This may be due to a favorablemodulation ofthe hypothalamic-pituitary–thyroid and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axes.
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Key Words
- AC, Abdominal circumference
- AE, Aerobic exercise
- Aerobic exercise
- CAT, Catalase;GA- Gallic acid
- GPx, Glutathione peroxidase
- GR, Glutathione reductase
- GSH, Reduced glutathione
- HDL, High-density lipoprotein
- HOMA, IR- Homeostatic model of insulin resistance
- HPTLC, High-performance thin layer chromatography
- Hcy, Homocysteine
- Hypothyroidism
- IR, Insulin resistance
- LDL, Low-density lipoprotein
- LPO, Lipid peroxidation
- MDA, Malondialedhyde
- NIS, Sodium-iodide symporter
- PTU, Propylthiouracil
- Polyherbal
- Propylthiouracil
- Ru, Rutin
- SOD, Superoxide dismutase
- T1000, Tea-extract 1000 mg/kg
- T1500, Tea-extract 1500 mg/kg
- T3, Triiodothyronine
- T4, thyroxine
- T500, Tea-extract 500 mg/kg
- TAE, T1000 mg/kg + Aerobic exercise
- TC, total cholesterol
- TG, Triglycerides
- TSH, Thyroid stimulating hormone
- Thyroid hormones
- VLDL, Very low-density lipoprotein
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Affiliation(s)
- Sneha Singh
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Prin. K. M. Kundnani College of Pharmacy, Jote Joy Building, RambhauSalgaonkar Marg, Cuffe Parade, Colaba, Mumbai, 400005, India
| | - Vandana Panda
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Prin. K. M. Kundnani College of Pharmacy, Jote Joy Building, RambhauSalgaonkar Marg, Cuffe Parade, Colaba, Mumbai, 400005, India
- Corresponding author.
| | - Sudhamani S.
- Department of Pathology, Dr. D.Y Patil Medical College, Nerul, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Payal Dande
- Department of Pharmacognosy, SVKM’s NMIMS, School of Pharmacy & Technology Management Mukesh Patel Technology Park, Babulde, Mumbai-Agra Highway, Shirpur, India
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Zohreh B, Masoumeh V, Fakhraddin N, Omrani GHR. Apigenin-mediated Alterations in Viability and Senescence of SW480 Colorectal Cancer Cells Persist in The Presence of L-thyroxine. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2020; 19:1535-1542. [PMID: 31272364 DOI: 10.2174/1871520619666190704102708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Deregulation of Thyroid Hormones (THs) system in Colorectal Cancer (CRC) suggests that these hormones may play roles in CRC pathogenesis. Flavonoids are polyphenolic compounds, which possess potent antitumor activities and interfere, albeit some of them, with all aspects of THs physiology. Whether the antitumor actions of flavonoids are affected by THs is unknown. Therefore, we investigated the effects of apigenin (Api), a well-known flavone, on some tumorigenic properties of SW480 CRC cells in the presence and absence of L-thyroxine (T4). METHODS Cell viability was assessed by MTT assay. Flow cytometry and DNA electrophoresis were used to evaluate cell death. Cell senescence was examined by in situ detection of β-galactosidase activity. Protein expression was assessed by antibody array technique. RESULTS While T4 had minimal effects, Api reduced cell growth and senescence by induction of apoptosis. Expression of anti-apoptotic and pro-apoptotic proteins were differentially affected by Api and T4. Survivin, HSP60 and HTRA were the most expressed proteins by the cells. Almost all Api-induced effects persisted in the presence of T4. CONCLUSION These data suggest that Api may inhibit CRC cell growth and progression through induction of apoptosis rather than cell necrosis or senescence. In addition, they suggest that T4 has minimal effects on CRC cell growth, and is not able to antagonize the anti-growth effects of Api. Regardless of the treatments, cells expressed high levels of survivin, HSP60 and HTRA, indicating that these proteins may play central roles in SW480 CRC cell immortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bagheri Zohreh
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Varedi Masoumeh
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Gholam H R Omrani
- Endocrine and Metabolism Research Center, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Hu J, Wang Z, Tan BK, Christian M. Dietary polyphenols turn fat “brown”: A narrative review of the possible mechanisms. Trends Food Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2020.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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He X, Li H, Gao R, Zhang C, Liang F, Sheng Y, Zheng S, Xu J, Xu W, Huang K. Mulberry leaf aqueous extract ameliorates blood glucose and enhances energy expenditure in obese C57BL/6J mice. J Funct Foods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.103505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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Xia SF, Qiu YY, Chen LM, Jiang YY, Huang W, Xie ZX, Tang X, Sun J. Myricetin alleviated hepatic steatosis by acting on microRNA-146b/thyroid hormone receptor b pathway in high-fat diet fed C57BL/6J mice. Food Funct 2019; 10:1465-1477. [PMID: 30776032 DOI: 10.1039/c8fo01452c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Hepatic microRNAs (miRs) regulate local thyroid hormone (TH) action and TH-related lipid metabolism. We previously found that myricetin effectively ameliorated hepatic steatosis by targeting PPAR signaling pathway, in which the differentially expressed genes were TH-responsive. The present study was designed to explore the mechanism by which myricetin regulated miR-dependent TH action and lipid metabolism on high-fat diet (HFD)-induced hepatic steatosis. C57BL/6J mice were fed a HFD with or without 100 mg kg-1 myricetin by oral gavage for 16 weeks (n = 8 for each group). The results showed that myricetin improved HFD-induced hepatic steatosis, increased serum TH levels and hepatic type 1 deiodinase (DIO1) activities, and elevated energy expenditure in relation to the HFD mice. Meanwhile, myricetin inhibited miR-205 and miR-146b up-regulation induced by HFD, and also up-regulated their targets, Dio1 and thyroid hormone receptor b (TRb) expression, at both the transcriptional and translational levels, accompanied by the regulation of TH responsive lipid metabolism genes. Overexpression or knockdown of miR-205 failed to affect Dio1 mRNA and protein levels in primary mouse hepatocytes. Myricetin directly decreased miR-146b expression in miR-146b mimic-treated hepatocytes to elevate TRb levels. However, the beneficial effects of myricetin on hepatic TH action and lipid metabolism were abolished by TRb siRNA in free fatty acid (FFA)-treated hepatocytes. Our results indicated that myricetin attenuated hepatic steatosis via the miR-146b/TRb pathway and should be considered for the management of NAFLD conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Fang Xia
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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26
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Wang S, Pan MH, Hung WL, Tung YC, Ho CT. From white to beige adipocytes: therapeutic potential of dietary molecules against obesity and their molecular mechanisms. Food Funct 2019; 10:1263-1279. [PMID: 30735224 DOI: 10.1039/c8fo02154f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The global incidence of obesity and its complications continue to rise along with a demand for novel therapeutic approaches. In addition to classic brown adipose tissue (BAT), the formation of brown-like adipocytes called beige adipocytes, within white adipose tissue (WAT), has attracted much attention as a therapeutic target due to its inducible features when stimulated, resulting in the dissipation of extra energy as heat. There are various dietary agents that are able to modulate the beige-development process by interacting with critical molecular signaling cascades, leading to the enhancement of thermogenesis. Although challenges still remain regarding the origin of the beige adipocytes, the crosstalk with activation of BAT and induction of the beiging of white fat may provide attractive potential strategies for management of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Wang
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA.
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27
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Bianco AC, Dumitrescu A, Gereben B, Ribeiro MO, Fonseca TL, Fernandes GW, Bocco BMLC. Paradigms of Dynamic Control of Thyroid Hormone Signaling. Endocr Rev 2019; 40:1000-1047. [PMID: 31033998 PMCID: PMC6596318 DOI: 10.1210/er.2018-00275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid hormone (TH) molecules enter cells via membrane transporters and, depending on the cell type, can be activated (i.e., T4 to T3 conversion) or inactivated (i.e., T3 to 3,3'-diiodo-l-thyronine or T4 to reverse T3 conversion). These reactions are catalyzed by the deiodinases. The biologically active hormone, T3, eventually binds to intracellular TH receptors (TRs), TRα and TRβ, and initiate TH signaling, that is, regulation of target genes and other metabolic pathways. At least three families of transmembrane transporters, MCT, OATP, and LAT, facilitate the entry of TH into cells, which follow the gradient of free hormone between the extracellular fluid and the cytoplasm. Inactivation or marked downregulation of TH transporters can dampen TH signaling. At the same time, dynamic modifications in the expression or activity of TRs and transcriptional coregulators can affect positively or negatively the intensity of TH signaling. However, the deiodinases are the element that provides greatest amplitude in dynamic control of TH signaling. Cells that express the activating deiodinase DIO2 can rapidly enhance TH signaling due to intracellular buildup of T3. In contrast, TH signaling is dampened in cells that express the inactivating deiodinase DIO3. This explains how THs can regulate pathways in development, metabolism, and growth, despite rather stable levels in the circulation. As a consequence, TH signaling is unique for each cell (tissue or organ), depending on circulating TH levels and on the exclusive blend of transporters, deiodinases, and TRs present in each cell. In this review we explore the key mechanisms underlying customization of TH signaling during development, in health and in disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio C Bianco
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Alexandra Dumitrescu
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Balázs Gereben
- Department of Endocrine Neurobiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Miriam O Ribeiro
- Developmental Disorders Program, Center of Biologic Sciences and Health, Mackenzie Presbyterian University, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tatiana L Fonseca
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Gustavo W Fernandes
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Barbara M L C Bocco
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
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28
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Zhang X, Li X, Fang H, Guo F, Li F, Chen A, Huang S. Flavonoids as inducers of white adipose tissue browning and thermogenesis: signalling pathways and molecular triggers. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2019; 16:47. [PMID: 31346342 PMCID: PMC6637576 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-019-0370-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Flavonoids are a class of plant and fungus secondary metabolites and are the most common group of polyphenolic compounds in the human diet. In recent studies, flavonoids have been shown to induce browning of white adipocytes, increase energy consumption, inhibit high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity and improve metabolic status. Promoting the activity of brown adipose tissue (BAT) and inducing white adipose tissue (WAT) browning are promising means to increase energy expenditure and improve glucose and lipid metabolism. This review summarizes recent advances in the knowledge of flavonoid compounds and their metabolites. Methods We searched the following databases for all research related to flavonoids and WAT browning published through March 2019: PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Web of Science. All included studies are summarized and listed in Table 1. Result We summarized the effects of flavonoids on fat metabolism and the specific underlying mechanisms in sub-categories. Flavonoids activated the sympathetic nervous system (SNS), promoted the release of adrenaline and thyroid hormones to increase thermogenesis and induced WAT browning through the AMPK-PGC-1α/Sirt1 and PPAR signalling pathways. Flavonoids may also promote brown preadipocyte differentiation, inhibit apoptosis and produce inflammatory factors in BAT. Conclusion Flavonoids induced WAT browning and activated BAT to increase energy consumption and non-shivering thermogenesis, thus inhibiting weight gain and preventing metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejun Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, First People's Hospital of Yichang, No.4 Hudi Street, Yichang, 443000 Hubei Province China
| | - Xin Li
- 2Department of Pediatrics, Wuhan Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1277 Jie Fang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022 Hubei Province China
| | - Huang Fang
- 3Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1095 Jie Fang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030 Hubei Province China
| | - Fengjin Guo
- 3Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1095 Jie Fang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030 Hubei Province China
| | - Feng Li
- 3Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1095 Jie Fang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030 Hubei Province China
| | - Anmin Chen
- 3Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1095 Jie Fang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030 Hubei Province China
| | - Shilong Huang
- 3Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1095 Jie Fang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030 Hubei Province China
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Han X, Sun S, Sun Y, Song Q, Zhu J, Song N, Chen M, Sun T, Xia M, Ding J, Lu M, Yao H, Hu G. Small molecule-driven NLRP3 inflammation inhibition via interplay between ubiquitination and autophagy: implications for Parkinson disease. Autophagy 2019; 15:1860-1881. [PMID: 30966861 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2019.1596481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 245] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging-related, nonresolving inflammation in both the central nervous system (CNS) and periphery predisposes individuals to the development of neurodegenerative disorders (NDDs). Inflammasomes are thought to be especially relevant to immune homeostasis, and their dysregulation contributes to inflammation and NDDs. However, few agents have been clinically shown to reduce NDD incidence by targeting inflammasomes. Our study indicated that NLRP3 (NLR family, pyrin domain containing 3) inflammasome is involved in Parkinson disease (PD) progression in patients and various murine models. In addition, the small molecule kaempferol (Ka) protected mice against LPS- and SNCA-induced neurodegeneration by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation as evidenced by the fact that Ka reduced cleaved CASP1 expression and disrupted NLRP3-PYCARD-CASP1 complex assembly with concomitant decreased IL1B secretion. Mechanically, Ka promoted macroautophagy/autophagy in microglia, leading to reduced NLRP3 protein expression, which in turn deactivated the NLRP3 inflammasome. Intriguingly, ubiquitination was involved in Ka-induced autophagic NLRP3 degradation. These findings were further confirmed in vivo as knockdown of Atg5 expression or autophagy inhibitor treatment significantly inhibited the Ka-mediated NLRP3 inflammasome inhibition and neurodegeneration amelioration. Thus, we demonstrated that Ka promotes neuroinflammatory inhibition via the cooperation of ubiquitination and autophagy, suggesting that Ka is a promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of NDDs. Abbreviations: 3-MA: 3-methyladenine; AAV: adeno-associated virus; ACTB: actin, beta; AIF1/IBA1: allograft inflammatory factor 1; ATG5: autophagy related 5; ATG7: autophagy related 7; BafA1: bafilomycin A1; BECN1: beclin 1, autophagy related; CASP1: caspase 1; CNS: central nervous system; CQ: chloroquine; DA neurons: dopaminergic neurons; DAMPS: damage-associated molecular patterns; DAPI: 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole; GAPDH: glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; GFP: green fluorescent protein; GFAP: glial fibrillary acidic protein; IP: immunoprecipitation; i.p.: intraperitoneally; Ka: kaempferol; KD: knockdown; KO: knockout; LPS: lipopolysaccharide; IL1B: interleukin 1 beta; IL6: interleukin 6; Ly: lysate; MAP1LC3B/LC3B: microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta; MPTP: 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine; NC: negative control; NDD: neurodegenerative diseases; NLRP3: NLR family, pyrin domain containing 3; OE: overexpression; PD: Parkinson disease; poly-Ub: poly-ubiquitin; PTM: post-translational modification; PYCARD/ASC: PYD and CARD domain containing; Rapa: rapamycin; RFP: red fluorescent protein; SN: supernatant; SNCA: synuclein alpha; SNpc: substantia nigra pars compacta; SQSTM1: sequestosome 1; TH: tyrosine hydroxylase; TNF/TNF-alpha: tumor necrosis factor; Ub: ubiquitin; WT: wild type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojuan Han
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine , Nanjing , Jiangsu , China
| | - Sifan Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine , Nanjing , Jiangsu , China
| | - Yiming Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine , Nanjing , Jiangsu , China
| | - Qiqi Song
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine , Nanjing , Jiangsu , China
| | - Jialei Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Department of Pharmacology, Jiangsu Key Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing , Jiangsu , China
| | - Nanshan Song
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Department of Pharmacology, Jiangsu Key Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing , Jiangsu , China
| | - Miaomiao Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Department of Pharmacology, Jiangsu Key Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing , Jiangsu , China
| | - Ting Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine , Nanjing , Jiangsu , China
| | - Meiling Xia
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine , Nanjing , Jiangsu , China
| | - Jianhua Ding
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Department of Pharmacology, Jiangsu Key Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing , Jiangsu , China
| | - Ming Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Department of Pharmacology, Jiangsu Key Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing , Jiangsu , China
| | - Honghong Yao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Southeast University , Nanjing , Jiangsu , China
| | - Gang Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine , Nanjing , Jiangsu , China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Department of Pharmacology, Jiangsu Key Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing , Jiangsu , China
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Daneshi-Maskooni M, Keshavarz SA, Qorbani M, Mansouri S, Alavian SM, Badri-Fariman M, Jazayeri-Tehrani SA, Sotoudeh G. Green cardamom supplementation improves serum irisin, glucose indices, and lipid profiles in overweight or obese non-alcoholic fatty liver disease patients: a double-blind randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial. Altern Ther Health Med 2019; 19:59. [PMID: 30871514 PMCID: PMC6419418 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-019-2465-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background Despite the reported health effects of cardamom on dyslipidemia, hepatomegaly, and fasting hyperglycemia, no human research has studied its potency in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) as the hepatic part of metabolic syndrome. Our aim was determining the effects of green cardamom (GC) on serum glucose indices, lipids, and irisin level among overweight or obese NAFLD patients. Methods The place of participant recruitment was the polyclinic of the National Iranian Oil Company (NIOC) central hospital in Tehran. Based on the ultrasonography and eligibility criteria, 87 participants were randomly divided into two groups as cardamom (n = 43) or placebo (n = 44). The supplementation was two 500 mg capsules 3 times/day with meals for 3 months. Serum irisin, fasting blood sugar (FBS), insulin (FBI), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) were measured. Quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) and homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were also calculated. Results In comparison with placebo, GC significantly increased irisin, HDL-c, and QUICKI and decreased FBI, TG, LDL-c, HOMA-IR, and the grade of fatty liver (P < 0.05). After adjustment for confounders, the changes were similar (P < 0.05) with an exception for LDL-c which had a trend (P = 0.07). The differences in FBS, TC, and body mass index (BMI) were not significant (P > 0.05). Conclusion GC supplement improved the grade of fatty liver, serum glucose indices, lipids, and irisin level among overweight or obese NAFLD patients. The changes in these biomarkers may yield beneficial effects on NAFLD. Further trials on the efficacy of GC for clinical practice are suggested. Trial registration Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials, IRCT2015121317254N4. Registered 27/12/2015, Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12906-019-2465-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Gurdon C, Poulev A, Armas I, Satorov S, Tsai M, Raskin I. Genetic and Phytochemical Characterization of Lettuce Flavonoid Biosynthesis Mutants. Sci Rep 2019; 9:3305. [PMID: 30824720 PMCID: PMC6397293 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-39287-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously developed red lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) cultivars with high flavonoid and phenolic acid content and demonstrated their anti-diabetic effect. Here we report on developing three fertile and true-breeding lettuce lines enriched with flavonoids with reported beneficial health effects. These lines were identified in a segregating population of EMS-mutagenized red lettuce and characterized biochemically and genetically. Change in red coloration was used as a visual indicator of a mutation in a flavonoid pathway gene, leading to accumulation of flavonoid precursors of red anthocyanins. Pink-green kaempferol overproducing kfoA and kfoB mutants accumulated kaempferol to 0.6-1% of their dry weight, higher than in any vegetable reported. The yellow-green naringenin chalcone overproducing mutant (nco) accumulated naringenin chalcone, not previously reported in lettuce, to 1% dry weight, a level only observed in tomato peel. Kfo plants carried a mutation in the FLAVONOID-3' HYDROXYLASE (F3'H) gene, nco in CHALCONE ISOMERASE (CHI). This work demonstrates how non-GMO approaches can transform a common crop plant into a functional food with possible health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Csanad Gurdon
- Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers University, 59 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901-8520, USA.
| | - Alexander Poulev
- Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers University, 59 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901-8520, USA
| | - Isabel Armas
- Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers University, 59 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901-8520, USA
| | - Shukhratdzhon Satorov
- Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers University, 59 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901-8520, USA
| | - Meg Tsai
- Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers University, 59 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901-8520, USA
| | - Ilya Raskin
- Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers University, 59 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901-8520, USA
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Wang J, He J. Swertiamarin decreases lipid accumulation dependent on 3-ketoacyl-coA thiolase. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 112:108668. [PMID: 30784937 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.108668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural compounds are important resources for drug discovery. Using Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) models, we screened active natural compounds with lipid lowering effects. Swertiamarin was found as a potent candidate to reduce lipid content in C. elegans. Using RNAi screening, we were able to demonstrate that kat-1 (ketoacyl thiolase-1) is necessary for the lipid lowering effect of swertiamarin. Furthermore, the activity of swertiamarin was verified in high fat diet induced obese mice. Consistent with the results in C. elegans, swertiamarin ameliorated high fat diet induced lipid deposition and hyperlipidemia. These results indicate that swertiamarin exerts lipid-lowering effects through kat-1 regulation and could serve as a possible therapeutic option to improve hyperlipidemia induced comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianghong Wang
- Hepatobiliary and Enteric Surgery Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jiantai He
- Hepatobiliary and Enteric Surgery Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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He Y, Yang J, Huang S, Liu R, Liu H, Zheng D, Huang Q, Yang Y, Liu C. Protective effect of mulberry crude extract against nonylphenol-induced thyroid disruption by inhibiting the activity of deiodinase in rats. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2019; 270:90-95. [PMID: 30339805 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2018.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nonylphenol (NP) is an endocrine-disrupting chemical (EDC) that can lead to thyroid disruption. We explored NP-induced toxicity in the rat thyroid and evaluated the mitigating effects of mulberry crude extract (MCE) on NP toxicity. First, we aimed to evaluate NP-induced thyroid disruption by dosing Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats with NP (0, 30, 90, or 270 mg/kg body weight) daily for 28 days. Second, we aimed to determine whether MCE had a detoxifying effect on NP-induced thyroid disruption by dosing SD rats with NP (270 mg/kg body weight) or/and MCE (30, 60, or 120 mg/kg body weight) daily for 28 days. We found that NP significantly inhibited free triiodothyronin (FT3) and free thyroxine (FT4) activity in rat serum (P < 0.05), but MCE intervention significantly increased FT3 and FT4 serum levels (P < 0.05). It is possible that changes in hormonal composition might trigger the TRH-TSH-TH automatic feedback loop. The activity of the three iodothyronine deiodinases increased significantly after NP-dosing (P < 0.05), but only deiodinase3 (D3) was downregulated after MCE treatment (P < 0.05). Therefore, MCE might be an effective NP-detoxification agent against thyroid disruption because it regulates D3 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjian He
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, GZ, China
| | - Jie Yang
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, GZ, China
| | - Shaowen Huang
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, GZ, China
| | - Ruijing Liu
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, GZ, China
| | - Huan Liu
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, GZ, China
| | - Dongdong Zheng
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, GZ, China
| | - Qingyi Huang
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, GZ, China
| | - Yichao Yang
- School of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Chunhong Liu
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, GZ, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment to Post-harvested Product Storage, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China.
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Sharma D, Gondaliya P, Tiwari V, Kalia K. Kaempferol attenuates diabetic nephropathy by inhibiting RhoA/Rho-kinase mediated inflammatory signalling. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 109:1610-1619. [PMID: 30551415 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.10.195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
RhoA/Rho-associated coiled-coil forming protein serine/threonine kinase (ROCK) has appeared as a potential therapeutic target in numerous diseases, because of its preventing action on various enzymes providing antioxidant and cytoprotective action. Progression and pathophysiology of diabetic nephropathy have also shown potential involvement of oxidative stress and inflammatory pathways. In the present study, we investigated the effect of kaempferol on hyperglycemia-induced activation of RhoA kinase and associated inflammatory signaling cascade. Currently there is only small literature available on the mechanism of anti-diabetic and nephroprotective action of this compound, which creates a void. Therefore, we focused here on the investigation of molecular mechanisms for kaempferol by means of in vitro testing, using rat (NRK-52E) and human renal tubular epithelial cells (RPTEC). Our findings suggest that kaempferol inhibits hyperglycemia-induced activation of RhoA and decreased oxidative stress, pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-1β) and fibrosis (TGF-β1 expression, extracellular matrix protein expression) in NRK-52E and RPTEC cells. Therefore, kaempferol can be used as a potential therapeutic for the treatment of diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilip Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, 382355, Gujarat, India
| | - Piyush Gondaliya
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, 382355, Gujarat, India
| | - Vinod Tiwari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, 382355, Gujarat, India
| | - Kiran Kalia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, 382355, Gujarat, India; Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, 382355, Gujarat, India.
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Daneshi-Maskooni M, Keshavarz SA, Qorbani M, Mansouri S, Alavian SM, Badri-Fariman M, Jazayeri-Tehrani SA, Sotoudeh G. Green cardamom increases Sirtuin-1 and reduces inflammation in overweight or obese patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a double-blind randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2018; 15:63. [PMID: 30263038 PMCID: PMC6156864 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-018-0297-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the hepatic component of metabolic syndrome. Despite the beneficial health effects of cardamom on dyslipidemia, hepatomegaly, and fasting hyperglycemia, no previous human study has been conducted on the efficacy of cardamom in NAFLD. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of green cardamom (GC) on serum Sirtuin-1 (Sirt1), inflammatory factors, and liver enzymes in overweight or obese NAFLD patients. METHODS The recruitment of subjects was conducted at the polyclinic of the central hospital of National Iranian Oil Company (NIOC), Tehran. Eighty-seven patients who participated were divided randomly into two groups according to the ultrasonography and eligibility criteria as cardamom (n = 43) or placebo (n = 44). The intervention involves taking two 500 mg capsules three times per day with meals for 3 months. General characteristics, dietary intake and physical activity status, weight and height were determined. In addition, serum Sirt1, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), high sensitive c-reactive protein (hs-CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), alanine transaminase (ALT), and aspartate transaminase (AST) were measured. The degree of fatty liver was determined at beginning and end of the study. RESULTS In comparison with placebo, GC significantly increased Sirt1 and decreased hs-CRP, TNF-α, IL-6, ALT, and the degree of fatty liver (P < 0.05). The differences in weight, BMI, and AST were not significant (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION GC supplementation could improve some biomarkers related to fatty liver including inflammation, ALT, and Sirt1 in overweight/obese NAFLD patients. Further trials on cardamom's potential are suggested. TRIAL REGISTRATION Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials, IRCT2015121317254N4. Registered 27/12/2015.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad Daneshi-Maskooni
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, No.44, Hojjatdoust Alley, Naderi Ave, Keshavarz Blvd, Tehran, 1416643931 Iran
| | - Seyed Ali Keshavarz
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa Qorbani
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Siavash Mansouri
- Gastroenterohepatology Department, National Iranian Oil Company (NIOC) Central Hospital, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Moayed Alavian
- Baqiyatallah Research Center for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases (BRCGL), Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahtab Badri-Fariman
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, No.44, Hojjatdoust Alley, Naderi Ave, Keshavarz Blvd, Tehran, 1416643931 Iran
| | - Seyed Ali Jazayeri-Tehrani
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gity Sotoudeh
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, No.44, Hojjatdoust Alley, Naderi Ave, Keshavarz Blvd, Tehran, 1416643931 Iran
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Effects of Polyphenols on Thermogenesis and Mitochondrial Biogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19092757. [PMID: 30217101 PMCID: PMC6164046 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19092757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a health problem worldwide, and energy imbalance has been pointed out as one of the main factors responsible for its development. As mitochondria are a key element in energy homeostasis, the development of obesity has been strongly associated with mitochondrial imbalance. Polyphenols are the largest group of phytochemicals, widely distributed in the plant kingdom, abundant in fruits and vegetables, and have been classically described as antioxidants owing to their well-established ability to eliminate free radicals and reactive oxygen species (ROS). During the last decade, however, growing evidence reports the ability of polyphenols to perform several important biological activities in addition to their antioxidant activity. Special attention has been given to the ability of polyphenols to modulate mitochondrial processes. Thus, some polyphenols are now recognized as molecules capable of modulating pathways that regulate mitochondrial biogenesis, ATP synthesis, and thermogenesis, among others. The present review reports the main benefits of polyphenols in modulating mitochondrial processes that favor the regulation of energy expenditure and offer benefits in the management of obesity, especially thermogenesis and mitochondrial biogenesis.
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The Flavonoid Kaempferol Ameliorates Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetes by Suppressing Hepatic Glucose Production. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23092338. [PMID: 30216981 PMCID: PMC6192519 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23092338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In diabetes mellitus, the excessive rate of glucose production from the liver is considered a primary contributor for the development of hyperglycemia, in particular, fasting hyperglycemia. In this study, we investigated whether kaempferol, a flavonol present in several medicinal herbs and foods, can be used to ameliorate diabetes in an animal model of insulin deficiency and further explored the mechanism underlying the anti-diabetic effect of this flavonol. We demonstrate that oral administration of kaempferol (50 mg/kg/day) to streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice significantly improved hyperglycemia and reduced the incidence of overt diabetes from 100% to 77.8%. This outcome was accompanied by a reduction in hepatic glucose production and an increase in glucose oxidation in the muscle of the diabetic mice, whereas body weight, calorie intake, body composition, and plasma insulin and glucagon levels were not altered. Consistently, treatment with kaempferol restored hexokinase activity in the liver and skeletal muscle of diabetic mice while suppressed hepatic pyruvate carboxylase activity and gluconeogenesis. These results suggest that kaempferol may exert antidiabetic action via promoting glucose metabolism in skeletal muscle and inhibiting gluconeogenesis in the liver.
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Flavonoids, Potential Bioactive Compounds, and Non-Shivering Thermogenesis. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10091168. [PMID: 30149637 PMCID: PMC6164844 DOI: 10.3390/nu10091168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity results from the body having either high energy intake or low energy expenditure. Based on this energy equation, scientists have focused on increasing energy expenditure to prevent abnormal fat accumulation. Activating the human thermogenic system that regulates body temperature, particularly non-shivering thermogenesis in either brown or white adipose tissue, has been suggested as a promising solution to increase energy expenditure. Together with the increasing interest in understanding the mechanism by which plant-derived dietary compounds prevent obesity, flavonoids were recently shown to have the potential to regulate non-shivering thermogenesis. In this article, we review the latest research on flavonoid derivatives that increase energy expenditure through non-shivering thermogenesis.
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Kasprzak K, Wojtunik-Kulesza K, Oniszczuk T, Kuboń M, Oniszczuk A. Secondary Metabolites, Dietary Fiber and Conjugated Fatty Acids as Functional Food Ingredients against Overweight and Obesity. Nat Prod Commun 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1801300836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a common serious health problem leading to many serious health disorders. This phenomenon is defined as the over-storage of lipids in adipose tissue that occurs when there is an imbalance between the energy intake and energy used. During obesity, many metabolic alterations occur that can damage several organs, such as vascular or skeletal muscle resulting in the dysfunction of these tissues. In this review, we will discuss molecular genetics and causes of obesity, some of the disorders related to human obesity as well as anti-obesity tool. An interesting solution to the obesity problem is natural substances, revealing anti-obesity activity, as well as functional food enriched with aforementioned substances. Functional foods are products exhibiting a potentially positive effect on health beyond basic nutrition. They contain well-known biologically active natural compounds, which promote optimal health and reduce the risk of many diseases, including obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamila Kasprzak
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | | | - Tomasz Oniszczuk
- Department of Food Process Engineering, Lublin University of Life Sciences, 44 Doświadczalna Street, 20-236 Lublin, Poland
| | - Maciej Kuboń
- Department of Agricultural Engineering and Informatics, Faculty of Production Engineering and Energetics, University of Agriculture in Krakow, ul. Balicka 116B 30-149, Kraków, Poland
| | - Anna Oniszczuk
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
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Bradley D, Liu J, Blaszczak A, Wright V, Jalilvand A, Needleman B, Noria S, Renton D, Hsueh W. Adipocyte DIO2 Expression Increases in Human Obesity but Is Not Related to Systemic Insulin Sensitivity. J Diabetes Res 2018; 2018:2464652. [PMID: 30116736 PMCID: PMC6079440 DOI: 10.1155/2018/2464652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Deiodinase type II (D2), encoded by DIO2, catalyzes the conversion of T4 to bioactive T3. T3 not only stimulates adaptive thermogenesis but also affects adipose tissue (AT) lipid accumulation, mitochondrial function, inflammation, and potentially systemic metabolism. Although better defined in brown AT, the precise role of DIO2 expression in white AT remains largely unknown, with data derived only from whole fat. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine whether subcutaneous (SAT) and visceral (VAT) adipocyte-specific gene expression of DIO2 differs between obese and lean patients and whether these differences relate to alterations in mitochondrial function, fatty acid flux, inflammatory cytokines/adipokines, and ultimately insulin sensitivity. Accordingly, adipocytes of 73 obese and 21 lean subjects were isolated and subjected to gene expression analyses. Our results demonstrate that obese compared to lean human individuals have increased adipocyte-specific DIO2 expression in both SAT and VAT. Although higher DIO2 was strongly related to reduced fatty acid synthesis/oxidation and mitochondrial function, we found no relationship to proinflammatory cytokines or insulin resistance and no difference based on diabetic status. Our results suggest that adipocyte-derived DIO2 may play a role in weight maintenance but is likely not a major contributor to obesity-related insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Bradley
- Diabetes and Metabolism Research Center, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Wexner Medical Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Joey Liu
- Diabetes and Metabolism Research Center, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Wexner Medical Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Alecia Blaszczak
- Diabetes and Metabolism Research Center, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Wexner Medical Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Valerie Wright
- Diabetes and Metabolism Research Center, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Wexner Medical Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Anahita Jalilvand
- Diabetes and Metabolism Research Center, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Wexner Medical Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Bradley Needleman
- Center for Minimally Invasive Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Wexner Medical Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Sabrena Noria
- Center for Minimally Invasive Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Wexner Medical Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - David Renton
- Center for Minimally Invasive Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Wexner Medical Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Willa Hsueh
- Diabetes and Metabolism Research Center, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Wexner Medical Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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Zanzer YC, Plaza M, Dougkas A, Turner C, Östman E. Black pepper-based beverage induced appetite-suppressing effects without altering postprandial glycaemia, gut and thyroid hormones or gastrointestinal well-being: a randomized crossover study in healthy subjects. Food Funct 2018; 9:2774-2786. [DOI: 10.1039/c7fo01715d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Pleiotropic effects of spices on health, particularly on glucose metabolism and energy regulation, deserve further clinical investigation into their efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Merichel Plaza
- Department of Analytical Chemistry
- Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Faculty of Biology
- Environmental Sciences and Chemistry
- Universidad de Alcalá
| | - Anestis Dougkas
- Food for Health Science Centre
- Lund University
- Lund SE-22100
- Sweden
- Institute Paul Bocuse Research Centre
| | - Charlotta Turner
- Department of Chemistry
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis
- Lund University
- Lund SE-22100
- Sweden
| | - Elin Östman
- Food for Health Science Centre
- Lund University
- Lund SE-22100
- Sweden
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Abstract
Thyroid hormone signaling is customized in a time and cell-specific manner by the deiodinases, homodimeric thioredoxin fold containing selenoproteins. This ensures adequate T3 action in developing tissues, healthy adults and many disease states. D2 activates thyroid hormone by converting the pro-hormone T4 to T3, the biologically active thyroid hormone. D2 expression is tightly regulated by transcriptional mechanisms triggered by endogenous as well as environmental cues. There is also an on/off switch mechanism that controls D2 activity that is triggered by catalysis and functions via D2 ubiquitination/deubiquitination. D3 terminates thyroid hormone action by inactivation of both T4 and T3 molecules. Deiodinases play a role in thyroid hormone homeostasis, development, growth and metabolic control by affecting the intracellular levels of T3 and thus gene expression on a cell-specific basis. In many cases, tight control of these pathways by T3 is achieved with coordinated reciprocal changes in D2-mediated thyroid hormone activation D3-mediated thyroid hormone inactivation.
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Ambrosio R, De Stefano MA, Di Girolamo D, Salvatore D. Thyroid hormone signaling and deiodinase actions in muscle stem/progenitor cells. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2017; 459:79-83. [PMID: 28630021 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2017.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Revised: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid hormone (TH) regulates such crucial biological functions as normal growth, development and metabolism of nearly all vertebrate tissues. In skeletal muscle, TH plays a critical role in regulating the function of satellite cells, the bona fide skeletal muscle stem cells. Deiodinases (D2 and D3) have been found to modulate the expression of various TH target genes in satellite cells. Regulation of the expression and activity of the deiodinases constitutes a cell-autonomous, pre-receptor mechanism that controls crucial steps during the various phases of myogenesis. Here, we review the roles of deiodinases in skeletal muscle stem cells, particularly in muscle homeostasis and upon regeneration. We focus on the role of T3 in stem cell functions and in commitment towards lineage progression. We also discuss how deiodinases might be therapeutically exploited to improve satellite-cell-mediated muscle repair in skeletal muscle disorders or injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaele Ambrosio
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico SDN, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Angela De Stefano
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Daniela Di Girolamo
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Domenico Salvatore
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy.
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Gonçalves CFL, de Freitas ML, Ferreira ACF. Flavonoids, Thyroid Iodide Uptake and Thyroid Cancer-A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E1247. [PMID: 28604619 PMCID: PMC5486070 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18061247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2017] [Revised: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Thyroid cancer is the most common malignant tumor of the endocrine system and the incidence has been increasing in recent years. In a great part of the differentiated carcinomas, thyrocytes are capable of uptaking iodide. In these cases, the main therapeutic approach includes thyroidectomy followed by ablative therapy with radioiodine. However, in part of the patients, the capacity to concentrate iodide is lost due to down-regulation of the sodium-iodide symporter (NIS), the protein responsible for transporting iodide into the thyrocytes. Thus, therapy with radioiodide becomes ineffective, limiting therapeutic options and reducing the life expectancy of the patient. Excessive ingestion of some flavonoids has been associated with thyroid dysfunction and goiter. Nevertheless, studies have shown that some flavonoids can be beneficial for thyroid cancer, by reducing cell proliferation and increasing cell death, besides increasing NIS mRNA levels and iodide uptake. Recent data show that the flavonoids apingenin and rutin are capable of increasing NIS function and expression in vivo. Herein we review literature data regarding the effect of flavonoids on thyroid cancer, besides the effect of these compounds on the expression and function of the sodium-iodide symporter. We will also discuss the possibility of using flavonoids as adjuvants for therapy of thyroid cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos F L Gonçalves
- Carlos Frederico Lima Gonçalves, Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Mariana L de Freitas
- Mariana Lopes de Freitas, Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Andrea C F Ferreira
- Andrea Claudia Freitas Ferreira, Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
- NUMPEX, Campus Duque de Caxias, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Duque de Caxias, 25245-390 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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Daneshi-Maskooni M, Keshavarz SA, Mansouri S, Qorbani M, Alavian SM, Badri-Fariman M, Jazayeri-Tehrani SA, Sotoudeh G. The effects of green cardamom on blood glucose indices, lipids, inflammatory factors, paraxonase-1, sirtuin-1, and irisin in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and obesity: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials 2017; 18:260. [PMID: 28592311 PMCID: PMC5463368 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-017-1979-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relationship between dietary components and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) needs to be further investigated. The potential health benefits of cardamom have been found in some studies. Cardamom showed beneficial effect on hepatomegaly, dyslipidemia, and fasting hyperglycemia in animals. However, some adverse effects of cardamom have been reported in animals. No previous human study had been conducted on the effects of cardamom in NAFLD. This study aims to determine the effects of green cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum) supplementation on blood glucose indices, lipids, inflammatory profiles, and liver function, especially by examining irisin, paraxonase-1 (PON1) and sirtuin-1 (Sirt1) in obese patients with NAFLD. METHODS This trial is to be conducted at the polyclinic of the National Iranian Oil Company (NIOC) Central Hospital, Tehran. Eighty obese patients with NAFLD will be selected according to the eligibility criteria. The NAFLD diagnosis method is ultrasonography. Patients will be randomly divided into two groups by a random-number table (cardamom and placebo groups, two 500-mg capsules, three times/day, taken with meals for 3 months, follow-up monthly). General characteristics, dietary intakes (at the beginning, middle, and end), and physical activity (at the beginning and end) will be assessed using a general, 24-h food recall, and short-form International Physical Activity Questionnaires (IPAQ), respectively. Lifestyle advice will be presented to both groups identically. At the beginning and the end, anthropometrics (weight, height, and waist circumference), blood pressure, extent of fatty liver, and blood biomarkers, including serum glucose indices (fasting blood sugar (FBS)) and insulin (FBI), homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index (QUICKI)), lipids (triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-c), high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-c), total cholesterol (TC)), inflammatory markers (highly sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6)), liver enzymes (alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST)), irisin, PON1, and Sirt1, will be determined. DISCUSSION This trial would be the first to assess the effects of green cardamom on several blood factors, including glucose indices, lipids, inflammatory markers, liver enzymes, irisin, PON1, and Sirt1, and blood pressure and anthropometry in obese patients with NAFLD. Further study of cardamom's potential in improving NAFLD is suggested. TRIAL REGISTRATION Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT), ID number: IRCT2015121317254N4 . Registered on 27 December 2015.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad Daneshi-Maskooni
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Ali Keshavarz
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Siavash Mansouri
- National Iranian Oil Company (NIOC) Central Hospital, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa Qorbani
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Seyed Moayed Alavian
- Baqiyatallah Research Center for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases (BRCGL), Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahtab Badri-Fariman
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Ali Jazayeri-Tehrani
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gity Sotoudeh
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Zhang SN, Li XZ, Yang XY. Drug-likeness prediction of chemical constituents isolated from Chinese materia medica Ciwujia. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2017; 198:131-138. [PMID: 28065780 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Revised: 12/10/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Ciwujia (CWJ), one of the most commonly used Chinese materia medicas (CMMs), is derived from the roots, rhizomes, and stems of Acanthopanax senticosus harms (AS). CWJ has been used for the treatment of various central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral system diseases. Drug-likeness prediction can help to analyze the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) processes of the compounds in CWJ, as well as their potential therapeutic and toxic effects, which is of significance in the confirmation of the active material bases of CWJ. MATERIALS AND METHODS The ADME properties of the compounds were calculated through web based PreADMET program and ACD/I-Lab 2.0. The potential therapeutic and toxicity targets of these compounds were screened by the ChemQuery tool in DrugBank and T3DB. RESULTS 14/39 compounds had moderate or good oral bioavailability (OB). 29/39 compounds bound weakly to the plasma proteins. 18/39 compounds might pass across the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Most of these compounds showed low renal excretion ability. 25/39 compounds had 99 structurally similar drugs and 158 potential therapeutic targets. Additionally, 17/39 compounds had 53 structurally similar toxins and 126 potential toxicity targets. CONCLUSION Our study suggests that these compounds have a certain drug-likeness potentials, which are also likely to be the material bases of CWJ. These results may provide a reference for the safe use of CWJ and the expansion of its application scope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai-Nan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Guiyang University of Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, PR China
| | - Xu-Zhao Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Guiyang University of Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, PR China.
| | - Xu-Yan Yang
- First Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, PR China.
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Bocco BMLC, Louzada RAN, Silvestre DHS, Santos MCS, Anne-Palmer E, Rangel IF, Abdalla S, Ferreira AC, Ribeiro MO, Gereben B, Carvalho DP, Bianco AC, Werneck-de-Castro JP. Thyroid hormone activation by type 2 deiodinase mediates exercise-induced peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α expression in skeletal muscle. J Physiol 2016; 594:5255-69. [PMID: 27302464 PMCID: PMC5023700 DOI: 10.1113/jp272440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS In skeletal muscle, physical exercise and thyroid hormone mediate the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1a) expression that is crucial to skeletal muscle mitochondrial function. The expression of type 2 deiodinase (D2), which activates thyroid hormone in skeletal muscle is upregulated by acute treadmill exercise through a β-adrenergic receptor-dependent mechanism. Pharmacological block of D2 or disruption of the Dio2 gene in skeletal muscle fibres impaired acute exercise-induced PGC-1a expression. Dio2 disruption also impaired muscle PGC-1a expression and mitochondrial citrate synthase activity in chronically exercised mice. ABSTRACT Thyroid hormone promotes expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1a), which mediates mitochondrial biogenesis and oxidative capacity in skeletal muscle (SKM). Skeletal myocytes express the type 2 deiodinase (D2), which generates 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T3 ), the active thyroid hormone. To test whether D2-generated T3 plays a role in exercise-induced PGC-1a expression, male rats and mice with SKM-specific Dio2 inactivation (SKM-D2KO or MYF5-D2KO) were studied. An acute treadmill exercise session (20 min at 70-75% of maximal aerobic capacity) increased D2 expression/activity (1.5- to 2.7-fold) as well as PGC-1a mRNA levels (1.5- to 5-fold) in rat soleus muscle and white gastrocnemius muscle and in mouse soleus muscle, which was prevented by pretreatment with 1 mg (100 g body weight)(-1) propranolol or 6 mg (100 g body weight)(-1) iopanoic acid (5.9- vs. 2.8-fold; P < 0.05), which blocks D2 activity . In the SKM-D2KO mice, acute treadmill exercise failed to induce PGC-1a fully in soleus muscle (1.9- vs. 2.8-fold; P < 0.05), and in primary SKM-D2KO myocytes there was only a limited PGC-1a response to 1 μm forskolin (2.2- vs. 1.3-fold; P < 0.05). Chronic exercise training (6 weeks) increased soleus muscle PGC-1a mRNA levels (∼25%) and the mitochondrial enzyme citrate synthase (∼20%). In contrast, PGC-1a expression did not change and citrate synthase decreased by ∼30% in SKM-D2KO mice. The soleus muscle PGC-1a response to chronic exercise was also blunted in MYF5-D2KO mice. In conclusion, acute treadmill exercise increases SKM D2 expression through a β-adrenergic receptor-dependent mechanism. The accelerated conversion of T4 to T3 within myocytes mediates part of the PGC-1a induction by treadmill exercise and its downstream effects on mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara M L C Bocco
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Translational Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ruy A N Louzada
- Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho and School of Physical Education and Sports, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Diego H S Silvestre
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
- Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho and School of Physical Education and Sports, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Maria C S Santos
- Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Elena Anne-Palmer
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Igor F Rangel
- Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho and School of Physical Education and Sports, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Sherine Abdalla
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Andrea C Ferreira
- Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Miriam O Ribeiro
- Developmental Disorders Program, Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Mackenzie Presbyterian University, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Balázs Gereben
- Department of Endocrine Neurobiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Denise P Carvalho
- Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Antonio C Bianco
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - João P Werneck-de-Castro
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA.
- Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho and School of Physical Education and Sports, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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Ortiga-Carvalho TM, Chiamolera MI, Pazos-Moura CC, Wondisford FE. Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Thyroid Axis. Compr Physiol 2016; 6:1387-428. [PMID: 27347897 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c150027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 214] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis determines the set point of thyroid hormone (TH) production. Hypothalamic thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) stimulates the synthesis and secretion of pituitary thyrotropin (thyroid-stimulating hormone, TSH), which acts at the thyroid to stimulate all steps of TH biosynthesis and secretion. The THs thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) control the secretion of TRH and TSH by negative feedback to maintain physiological levels of the main hormones of the HPT axis. Reduction of circulating TH levels due to primary thyroid failure results in increased TRH and TSH production, whereas the opposite occurs when circulating THs are in excess. Other neural, humoral, and local factors modulate the HPT axis and, in specific situations, determine alterations in the physiological function of the axis. The roles of THs are vital to nervous system development, linear growth, energetic metabolism, and thermogenesis. THs also regulate the hepatic metabolism of nutrients, fluid balance and the cardiovascular system. In cells, TH actions are mediated mainly by nuclear TH receptors (210), which modify gene expression. T3 is the preferred ligand of THR, whereas T4, the serum concentration of which is 100-fold higher than that of T3, undergoes extra-thyroidal conversion to T3. This conversion is catalyzed by 5'-deiodinases (D1 and D2), which are TH-activating enzymes. T4 can also be inactivated by conversion to reverse T3, which has very low affinity for THR, by 5-deiodinase (D3). The regulation of deiodinases, particularly D2, and TH transporters at the cell membrane control T3 availability, which is fundamental for TH action. © 2016 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 6:1387-1428, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania M Ortiga-Carvalho
- Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Maria I Chiamolera
- Department of Medicine, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carmen C Pazos-Moura
- Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fredic E Wondisford
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
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Ochiai A, Miyata S, Iwase M, Shimizu M, Inoue J, Sato R. Kaempferol stimulates gene expression of low-density lipoprotein receptor through activation of Sp1 in cultured hepatocytes. Sci Rep 2016; 6:24940. [PMID: 27109240 PMCID: PMC4842988 DOI: 10.1038/srep24940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
A high level of plasma low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol is considered a risk factor for atherosclerosis. Because the hepatic LDL receptor (LDLR) is essential for clearing plasma LDL cholesterol, activation of LDLR is a promising therapeutic target for patients with atherosclerotic disease. Here we demonstrated how the flavonoid kaempferol stimulated the gene expression and activity of LDLR in HepG2 cells. The kaempferol-mediated stimulation of LDLR gene expression was completely inhibited by knockdown of Sp1 gene expression. Treatment of HepG2 cells with kaempferol stimulated the recruitment of Sp1 to the promoter region of the LDLR gene, as well as the phosphorylation of Sp1 on Thr-453 and Thr-739. Moreover, these kaempferol-mediated processes were inhibited in the presence of U0126, an ERK pathway inhibitor. These results suggest that kaempferol may increase the activity of Sp1 through stimulation of Sp1 phosphorylation by ERK1/2 and subsequent induction of LDLR expression and activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayasa Ochiai
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Shingo Miyata
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Masamori Iwase
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Makoto Shimizu
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Jun Inoue
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Ryuichiro Sato
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
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A specific dose of grape seed-derived proanthocyanidins to inhibit body weight gain limits food intake and increases energy expenditure in rats. Eur J Nutr 2016; 56:1629-1636. [PMID: 27039093 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-016-1209-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Several studies have suggested that flavanols may have antiobesity effects; however, those effects clearly depend on the experimental conditions. In a previous study, we found that a single acute dose of grape seed proanthocyanidin extract (GSPE) has satiating effects. We therefore hypothesise that satiating doses of GSPE could be used to reduce body weight gain, and our present objective was to define the most effective dose. METHODS We assayed two GSPE doses in aged male Wistar rats. First we performed a subchronic (8-day) treatment by intragastric administration, which was repeated after a washout period. We measured body weight, energy intake and faeces composition; we performed indirect calorimetry; and we analysed the mRNA expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism to determine the target tissue for the GSPE. RESULTS We observed that 0.5 g GSPE/kg BW significantly reduced food intake and thus the amount of energy absorbed. This dosage also increased lipid oxidation in subcutaneous adipose tissue, thus causing a higher total energy expenditure. These combined effects caused a decrease in body weight. Conversely, 1 g GSPE/kg BW, which also reduced energy absorption after the first treatment, had a rebound effect on body weight gain which resulted in a lower response to the proanthocyanidin extract. That is, after the second treatment, the GSPE did not reduce the energy absorbed or modify energy expenditure and body weight. CONCLUSION GSPE at a dose of 0.5 g/kg can reduce body weight by limiting food intake and activating energy expenditure in subcutaneous adipose tissue.
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