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McCallum RT, Thériault RK, Manduca JD, Russell ISB, Culmer AM, Doost JS, Martino TA, Perreault ML. Nrf2 activation rescues stress-induced depression-like behaviour and inflammatory responses in male but not female rats. Biol Sex Differ 2024; 15:16. [PMID: 38350966 PMCID: PMC10863247 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-024-00589-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a recurring affective disorder that is two times more prevalent in females than males. Evidence supports immune system dysfunction as a major contributing factor to MDD, notably in a sexually dimorphic manner. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), a regulator of antioxidant signalling during inflammation, is dysregulated in many chronic inflammatory disorders; however, its role in depression and the associated sex differences have yet to be explored. Here, we investigated the sex-specific antidepressant and immunomodulatory effects of the potent Nrf2 activator dimethyl fumarate (DMF), as well as the associated gene expression profiles. METHODS Male and female rats were treated with vehicle or DMF (25 mg/kg) whilst subjected to 8 weeks of chronic unpredictable stress. The effect of DMF treatment on stress-induced depression- and anxiety-like behaviours, as well as deficits in recognition and spatial learning and memory were then assessed. Sex differences in hippocampal (HIP) microglial activation and gene expression response were also evaluated. RESULTS DMF treatment during stress exposure had antidepressant effects in male but not female rats, with no anxiolytic effects in either sex. Recognition learning and memory and spatial learning and memory were impaired in chronically stressed males and females, respectively, and DMF treatment rescued these deficits. DMF treatment also prevented stress-induced HIP microglial activation in males. Conversely, females displayed no HIP microglial activation associated with stress exposure. Last, chronic stress elicited sex-specific alterations in HIP gene expression, many of which were normalized in animals treated with DMF. Of note, most of the differentially expressed genes in males normalized by DMF were related to antioxidant, inflammatory or immune responses. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, these findings support a greater role of immune processes in males than females in a rodent model of depression. This suggests that pharmacotherapies that target Nrf2 have the potential to be an effective sex-specific treatment for depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan T McCallum
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd. E., Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Rachel-Karson Thériault
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd. E., Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Joshua D Manduca
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd. E., Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Isaac S B Russell
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd. E., Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Angel M Culmer
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd. E., Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Janan Shoja Doost
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd. E., Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Tami A Martino
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd. E., Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Melissa L Perreault
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd. E., Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada.
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2
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Pandit M, Akhtar MN, Sundaram S, Sahoo S, Manjunath LE, Eswarappa SM. Termination codon readthrough of NNAT mRNA regulates calcium-mediated neuronal differentiation. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:105184. [PMID: 37611826 PMCID: PMC10506107 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Termination codon readthrough (TCR) is a process in which ribosomes continue to translate an mRNA beyond a stop codon generating a C-terminally extended protein isoform. Here, we demonstrate TCR in mammalian NNAT mRNA, which encodes NNAT, a proteolipid important for neuronal differentiation. This is a programmed event driven by cis-acting RNA sequences present immediately upstream and downstream of the canonical stop codon and is negatively regulated by NONO, an RNA-binding protein known to promote neuronal differentiation. Unlike the canonical isoform NNAT, we determined that the TCR product (NNATx) does not show detectable interaction with the sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase isoform 2 Ca2+ pump, cannot increase cytoplasmic Ca2+ levels, and therefore does not enhance neuronal differentiation in Neuro-2a cells. Additionally, an antisense oligonucleotide that targets a region downstream of the canonical stop codon reduced TCR of NNAT and enhanced the differentiation of Neuro-2a cells to cholinergic neurons. Furthermore, NNATx-deficient Neuro-2a cells, generated using CRISPR-Cas9, showed increased cytoplasmic Ca2+ levels and enhanced neuronal differentiation. Overall, these results demonstrate regulation of neuronal differentiation by TCR of NNAT. Importantly, this process can be modulated using a synthetic antisense oligonucleotide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhuparna Pandit
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Md Noor Akhtar
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Susinder Sundaram
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Sarthak Sahoo
- Undergraduate Program, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - Lekha E Manjunath
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Sandeep M Eswarappa
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.
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Rudolph A, Stengel A, Suhs M, Schaper S, Wölk E, Rose M, Hofmann T. Circulating Neuronatin Levels Are Positively Associated with BMI and Body Fat Mass but Not with Psychological Parameters. Nutrients 2023; 15:3657. [PMID: 37630847 PMCID: PMC10459747 DOI: 10.3390/nu15163657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Human genetic studies have associated Neuronatin gene variants with anorexia nervosa (AN) and obesity. Studies on the expression of the Neuronatin gene product, a proteolipid, are lacking. We investigated the relationship between circulating Neuronatin, body mass index (BMI), body composition (BC), physical activity (PA), and psychometric outcomes in patients with AN, normal weight, and obesity. Plasma Neuronatin was measured by ELISA in (1) 79 subjects of five BMI categories (AN/BMI < 17.5 kg/m2; normal weight/BMI 18.5-25 kg/m2; obesity/BMI 30-40 kg/m2; obesity/BMI 40-50 kg/m2; obesity/BMI > 50 kg/m2) with assessment of BC (bioimpedance analysis; BIA); (2) 49 women with AN (BMI 14.5 ± 1.8 kg/m2) with measurements of BC (BIA) and PA (accelerometry); (3) 79 women with obesity (BMI 48.8 ± 7.8 kg/m2) with measurements of anxiety (GAD-7), stress (PSQ-20), depression (PHQ-9) and eating behavior (EDI-2). Overall, a positive correlation was found between Neuronatin and BMI (p = 0.006) as well as total fat mass (FM; p = 0.036). In AN, Neuronatin did not correlate with BMI, FM, or PA (p > 0.05); no correlations were found between Neuronatin and psychometric outcomes in obesity (p > 0.05). The findings suggest an FM-dependent peripheral Neuronatin expression. The decreased Neuronatin expression in AN provides evidence that Neuronatin is implicated in the pathogenesis of eating disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelie Rudolph
- Center for Internal Medicine and Dermatology, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 12203 Berlin, Germany; (A.S.)
| | - Andreas Stengel
- Center for Internal Medicine and Dermatology, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 12203 Berlin, Germany; (A.S.)
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Maria Suhs
- Center for Internal Medicine and Dermatology, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 12203 Berlin, Germany; (A.S.)
| | - Selina Schaper
- Center for Internal Medicine and Dermatology, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 12203 Berlin, Germany; (A.S.)
| | - Ellen Wölk
- Center for Internal Medicine and Dermatology, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 12203 Berlin, Germany; (A.S.)
| | - Matthias Rose
- Center for Internal Medicine and Dermatology, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 12203 Berlin, Germany; (A.S.)
- Quantitative Health Sciences, Outcomes Measurement Science, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
| | - Tobias Hofmann
- Center for Internal Medicine and Dermatology, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 12203 Berlin, Germany; (A.S.)
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, DRK Kliniken Berlin Wiegmann Klinik, 14050 Berlin, Germany
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Ke F, Wu X, Zheng J, Li C. Tilianin alleviates lipid deposition and fibrosis in mice with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis by activating the PPARα/Nnat axis. Drug Dev Res 2023; 84:922-936. [PMID: 37052239 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.22062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
The understanding and treatment of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) are still very limited. This study reports the therapeutic effect of tilianin on mice with NASH and further explores its possible molecular mechanisms. A mice model of NASH was established using low-dose streptozotocin combined with a high-fat diet and tilianin treatment. Liver function was assessed by determining serum aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase in serum. Interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1), and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) levels in serum were determined. Hepatocyte apoptosis was assessed using terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate-biotin nick end labeling staining. Oil Red O staining and boron dipyrrin staining were used to determine lipid deposition in liver tissues. Masson staining was used to evaluate liver fibrosis, and immunohistochemistry and western blot analysis were used to determine the expression of target proteins. Tilianin treatment significantly ameliorated liver function, inhibited hepatocyte apoptosis, and reduced lipid deposition and liver fibrosis in mice with NASH. The expression of neuronatin (Nnat) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) α was upregulated, whereas that of sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (SREBP-1), TGF-β1, nuclear factor (NF)-κB p65, and phosphorylated p65 was downregulated in the liver tissues of mice with NASH after tilianin treatment. The above effects of tilianin were significantly reversed after Nnat knock-down, but its effect on PPARα expression was unaffected. Thus, the natural drug tilianin shows potential in treatig NASH. Its mechanism of action may be related to the targeted activation of PPARα/Nnat, thereby inhibiting the activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Ke
- Department of Endocrinology, Jiujiang No. 1 People's Hospital, Jiujiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Wu
- Department of Endocrinology, Jiujiang No. 1 People's Hospital, Jiujiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Zheng
- Department of Endocrinology, Jiujiang No. 1 People's Hospital, Jiujiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Cuihong Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Jiujiang No. 1 People's Hospital, Jiujiang, People's Republic of China
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Deng Y, Lu L, Liang X, Li J, Zhu D, Huang H, Zhang Y, Zhang X, Chen Y, Liu X, Fu Y. DNA methylation-mediated silencing of Neuronatin promotes hepatocellular carcinoma proliferation through the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. Life Sci 2023; 312:121266. [PMID: 36473542 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.121266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To explore the methylation status, function, and underlying mechanism of the imprinted gene Neuronatin (NNAT) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) progression. MAIN METHODS Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed to evaluate the expression of NNAT in HCC samples. Bisulfite genomic sequencing PCR (BSP) was applied to examine the methylation status of the NNAT promoter. In addition, colony formation, 5-Ethynyl-20-deoxyuridine (EdU) assays and subcutaneous xenograft nude models were used to explore the roles of NNAT in HCC cell proliferation. Furthermore, RNA-seq and phospho-specific protein microarray assays were conducted to illustrate the underlying mechanism by which NNAT regulates HCC progression. KEY FINDINGS NNAT was obviously downregulated in HCC tissues, and its expression level was closely associated with tumor growth and patient prognosis. The downregulation of NNAT in HCC was induced by hypermethylation of CpG islands in the promoter region, and hypermethylation was correlated with overall survival of HCC. Moreover, the enforced expression of NNAT significantly inhibited HCC cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo. Transcriptome analysis showed that the alteration of NNAT expression was mainly related to dysregulation of the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. Finally, phospho-specific antibody microarray detection further revealed that overexpressed NNAT can increase the phosphorylation levels of LKB1, Met, and elF4E and decrease the phosphorylation levels of PTEN, which are all involved in the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. SIGNIFICANCE Our research provides new insights into the epigenetic regulation of imprinted genes in tumorigenesis and implies that the imprinted gene NNAT may act as a prognostic biomarker and tumor suppressor in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalan Deng
- Department of Oncology, NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics & State Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Anticancer Drugs, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Liqing Lu
- Department of Oncology, NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics & State Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Anticancer Drugs, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China; Department of Thoracic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Xujun Liang
- Department of Oncology, NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics & State Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Anticancer Drugs, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Jingzhi Li
- Department of Oncology, NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics & State Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Anticancer Drugs, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China; Department of Obstetrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Dandan Zhu
- Department of Oncology, NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics & State Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Anticancer Drugs, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Huichao Huang
- Department of Oncology, NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics & State Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Anticancer Drugs, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China; Department of Infectious Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Ye Zhang
- Department of Oncology, NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics & State Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Anticancer Drugs, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Xiangqian Zhang
- Department of Oncology, NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics & State Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Anticancer Drugs, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Yongheng Chen
- Department of Oncology, NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics & State Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Anticancer Drugs, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaojin Liu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China.
| | - Ying Fu
- Department of Oncology, NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics & State Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Anticancer Drugs, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China.
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McIlwraith EK, Lieu CV, Belsham DD. Bisphenol A induces miR-708-5p through an ER stress-mediated mechanism altering neuronatin and neuropeptide Y expression in hypothalamic neuronal models. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2022; 539:111480. [PMID: 34624438 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2021.111480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is an endocrine disrupting chemical that promotes obesity. It acts on the hypothalamus by increasing expression of the orexigenic neuropeptides, Npy and Agrp. Exactly how BPA dysregulates energy homeostasis is not completely clear. Since microRNAs (miRNA) have emerged as crucial weight regulators, the question of whether BPA could alter hypothalamic miRNA profiles was examined. Treatment of the mHypoA-59 cell line with 100 μM BPA altered a specific subset of miRNAs, and the most upregulated was miR-708-5p. BPA was found to increase the levels of miR-708-5p, and its parent gene Odz4, through the ER stress-related protein Chop. Overexpression of an miR-708-5p mimic resulted in a reduction of neuronatin, a proteolipid whose loss of expression is associated with obesity, and an increase in orexigenic Npy expression, thus potentially increasing feeding through converging regulatory pathways. Therefore, hypothalamic exposure to BPA can increase miR-708-5p that controls neuropeptides directly linked to obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma K McIlwraith
- Departments of Physiology, University of Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Calvin V Lieu
- Departments of Physiology, University of Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Denise D Belsham
- Departments of Physiology, University of Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A8, Canada; Departments of Medicine, University of Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A8, Canada; Departments of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A8, Canada.
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7
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Xing P, Hong L, Yan G, Tan B, Qiao J, Wang S, Li Z, JieYang, Zheng E, Cai G, Wu Z, Gu T. Neuronatin gene expression levels affect foetal growth and development by regulating glucose transport in porcine placenta. Gene 2021; 809:146051. [PMID: 34756962 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2021.146051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Imprinted genes play important regulatory roles in the growth and development of placentas and foetuses during pregnancy. In a previous study, we found that the imprinted gene Neuronatin (NNAT) is involved in foetal development; NNAT expression was significantly lower in the placentas of piglets that died neonatally compared to the placentas of surviving piglets. However, the function and mechanism of NNAT in regulating porcine placental development is still unknown. In this study, we collected the placentas of high- and low-weight foetuses at gestational day (GD 65, 90), (n = 4-5 litters/GD) to investigate the role of NNAT in regulating foetal growth and development. We found that the mRNA and protein levels of NNAT were significantly higher in the placentas of high-weight than low-weight foetuses. We then overexpressed NNAT in porcine placental trophoblast cell lines (pTr2) and demonstrated that NNAT activated the PI3K-AKT pathway, and further promoted the expression of glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) and increased cellular calcium ion levels, which improved glucose transport in placental trophoblast cells in vitro. To conclude, our study suggests that NNAT expression impacts porcine foetal development by regulating placental glucose transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingping Xing
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangzhou, China & College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Linjun Hong
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangzhou, China & College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guanhao Yan
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangzhou, China & College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Baohua Tan
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangzhou, China & College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiaxin Qiao
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangzhou, China & College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shanshan Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangzhou, China & College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zicong Li
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangzhou, China & College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China; State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Wens Breeding Swine Technology Co., Ltd, Yunfu, China
| | - JieYang
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangzhou, China & College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Enqin Zheng
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangzhou, China & College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gengyuan Cai
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangzhou, China & College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenfang Wu
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangzhou, China & College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China; State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Wens Breeding Swine Technology Co., Ltd, Yunfu, China
| | - Ting Gu
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangzhou, China & College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.
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Cimino I, Rimmington D, Tung YCL, Lawler K, Larraufie P, Kay RG, Virtue S, Lam BYH, Fagnocchi L, Ma MKL, Saudek V, Zvetkova I, Vidal-Puig A, Yeo GSH, Farooqi IS, Pospisilik JA, Gribble FM, Reimann F, O'Rahilly S, Coll AP. Murine neuronatin deficiency is associated with a hypervariable food intake and bimodal obesity. Sci Rep 2021; 11:17571. [PMID: 34475432 PMCID: PMC8413370 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-96278-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuronatin (Nnat) has previously been reported to be part of a network of imprinted genes downstream of the chromatin regulator Trim28. Disruption of Trim28 or of members of this network, including neuronatin, results in an unusual phenotype of a bimodal body weight. To better characterise this variability, we examined the key contributors to energy balance in Nnat+/-p mice that carry a paternal null allele and do not express Nnat. Consistent with our previous studies, Nnat deficient mice on chow diet displayed a bimodal body weight phenotype with more than 30% of Nnat+/-p mice developing obesity. In response to both a 45% high fat diet and exposure to thermoneutrality (30 °C) Nnat deficient mice maintained the hypervariable body weight phenotype. Within a calorimetry system, food intake in Nnat+/-p mice was hypervariable, with some mice consuming more than twice the intake seen in wild type littermates. A hyperphagic response was also seen in Nnat+/-p mice in a second, non-home cage environment. An expected correlation between body weight and energy expenditure was seen, but corrections for the effects of positive energy balance and body weight greatly diminished the effect of neuronatin deficiency on energy expenditure. Male and female Nnat+/-p mice displayed subtle distinctions in the degree of variance body weight phenotype and food intake and further sexual dimorphism was reflected in different patterns of hypothalamic gene expression in Nnat+/-p mice. Loss of the imprinted gene Nnat is associated with a highly variable food intake, with the impact of this phenotype varying between genetically identical individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Cimino
- MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 0SL, UK
| | - Debra Rimmington
- MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 0SL, UK
| | - Y C Loraine Tung
- MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 0SL, UK
| | - Katherine Lawler
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Wellcome Trust‑MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 0SL, UK
| | - Pierre Larraufie
- MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 0SL, UK
- Université Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, INRAE, UMR PNCA, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Richard G Kay
- MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 0SL, UK
| | - Samuel Virtue
- MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 0SL, UK
| | - Brian Y H Lam
- MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 0SL, UK
| | - Luca Fagnocchi
- Department of Epigenetics, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA
| | - Marcella K L Ma
- MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 0SL, UK
| | - Vladimir Saudek
- MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 0SL, UK
| | - Ilona Zvetkova
- MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 0SL, UK
| | - Antonio Vidal-Puig
- MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 0SL, UK
| | - Giles S H Yeo
- MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 0SL, UK
| | - I Sadaf Farooqi
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Wellcome Trust‑MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 0SL, UK
| | - J Andrew Pospisilik
- Department of Epigenetics, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA
| | - Fiona M Gribble
- MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 0SL, UK
| | - Frank Reimann
- MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 0SL, UK
| | - Stephen O'Rahilly
- MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 0SL, UK
| | - Anthony P Coll
- MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 0SL, UK.
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9
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Pieper W, Ignatov A, Kalinski T, Haybaeck J, Czapiewski P, Nass N. The predictive potential of Neuronatin for neoadjuvant chemotherapy of breast cancer. Cancer Biomark 2021; 32:161-173. [PMID: 34092612 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-203127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuronatin (NNAT) determined by immunohistochemistry is a negative prognostic biomarker for breast cancer, independent of the major clinicopathological markers. OBJECTIVE Here, we investigated whether NNAT is also a predictive biomarker for pathological remission after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. METHODS One hundred and four breast cancer patients, treated with systemic neoadjuvant chemotherapy were included in this retrospective study. NNAT was detected in formaldehyde fixed, paraffin embedded primary cancer tissue by immunohistochemistry and an immuno-reactive score (IRS) determined. Pathological remission was scored according to Sinn and by evaluation of cytopathic effects. NNAT-IRS was correlated with clinicopathological parameters as well as relapse free and overall survival and for pathological remission after neoadjuvant therapy. RESULTS NNAT IRS was an independent prognostic marker for relapse free and overall survival and the time from diagnosis to the "tumor-free" state. NNAT IRS was associated with Luminal-A tumors and correlated slightly negative with age and lymph-node metastasis. There was no significant correlation of NNAT-IRS with Sinn's remission score, but with cytopathic effects of chemotherapy. CONCLUSIONS We confirmed the prognostic impact of NNAT-IRS in an independent cohort of neoadjuvantly treated patients. Additionally, a correlation with a score for pathological remission under systemic neoadjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer was found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willi Pieper
- Department of Pathology, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Atanas Ignatov
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany.,Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Medical Center, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Kalinski
- Department of Pathology, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Johannes Haybaeck
- Department of Pathology, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany.,Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Medical Center, Regensburg, Germany.,Department of Pathology, Diagnostic and Research Center for Molecular BioMedicine, Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Piotr Czapiewski
- Department of Pathology, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany.,Department of Pathology, Dessau Medical Center, Dessau, Germany.,Department of Pathology, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Norbert Nass
- Department of Pathology, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany.,Department for Internal Medicine I, Dessau Medical Center, Dessau, Germany.,Department of Pathology, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
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10
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Guggenberger M, Engster KM, Hofmann T, Rose M, Stengel A, Kobelt P. Cholecystokinin and bombesin activate neuronatin neurons in the nucleus of the solitary tract. Brain Res 2020; 1746:147006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2020.147006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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11
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Su K, Huang X, Xu K, Du W, Zhu D, Yang M, Yuan W, Li L. Transcriptomics Curation of SARS-CoV-2 Related Host Genes in Mice With COVID-19 Comorbidity: A Pilot Study. INFECTIOUS MICROBES & DISEASES 2020; 2:42-47. [PMID: 38630104 PMCID: PMC8529699 DOI: 10.1097/im9.0000000000000025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a respiratory disease caused by a novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2, is causing substantial morbidity and mortality. Along with the respiratory symptoms, underlying diseases in senior patients, such as diabetes, hypertension, and coronary heart disease, are the most common comorbidities, which cause more severe outcomes and even death. During cellular attachment and entry of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2, the key protein involved is the angiotensin I converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), which is located on the membrane of host cells. Here, we aim to curate an expression profile of Ace2 and other COVID-19 related genes across the available diabetes murine strains. Based on strictly manual curation and bioinformatics analysis of the publicly deposited expression datasets, Ace2 and other potentially involved genes such as Furin, Tmprss2, Ang, and Ang2 were examined. We found that Ace2 expression is rather ubiquitous in three selected diabetes prone strains (db/db, ob/ob and diet-induced obese). With the most abundant datasets present, the liver shows a medium Ace2 expression level compared with the lungs, pancreatic islets, brain and even T cells. Age is a more critical factor for Ace2 expression in db/db compared with the other two strains. Besides Ace2, the other four host genes showed varied levels of correlation to each other. To accelerate research on the interaction between COVID-19 and underlying diseases, the Murine4Covid transcriptomics database (www.geneureka.org/Murine4Covid) will facilitate the design of research on COVID-19 and comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunkai Su
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- KS and XH contributed equally to this study
| | - Xin Huang
- Biotherapeutics Research Center, the Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- KS and XH contributed equally to this study
| | - Kaijin Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weibo Du
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Danhua Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Meifang Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenji Yuan
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lanjuan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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12
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Kanno N, Fujiwara K, Yoshida S, Kato T, Kato Y. Dynamic Changes in the Localization of Neuronatin-Positive Cells during Neurogenesis in the Embryonic Rat Brain. Cells Tissues Organs 2019; 207:127-137. [DOI: 10.1159/000504359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuronatin (NNAT) was first identified as a gene selectively and abundantly expressed in the cytoplasm of the newborn mouse brain, and involved in neonatal neurogenesis. However, the particular roles of NNAT in the developing prenatal brain have not been identified, especially in mid to late stages. In this study, we performed immunohistochemical analyses of NNAT and SOX2 proteins, a nuclear transcription factor and neural stem/progenitor marker, in the rat brain on embryonic days 13.5, E16.5, and E20.5. NNAT signals were broadly observed across the developing brain on E13.5 and gradually more localized in later stages, eventually concentrated in the alar and basal parts of the terminal hypothalamus, the alar plate of prosomere 2 of the thalamus, and the choroid plexus in the lateral and fourth ventricles on E20.5. In particular, the mammillary body in the basal part of the terminal hypothalamus, a region with a high number of SOX2-positive cells, evidenced intense NNAT signals on E20.5. The intracellular localization of NNAT showed diverse profiles, suggesting that NNAT was involved in various cellular functions, such as cell differentiation and functional maintenance, during prenatal neurogenesis in the rat brain. Thus, the present observations suggested diverse and active roles of the NNAT protein in neurogenesis. Determining the function of this molecule may assist in the elucidation of the mechanisms involved in brain development.
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13
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PPAR γ/Nnat/NF- κB Axis Involved in Promoting Effects of Adiponectin on Preadipocyte Differentiation. Mediators Inflamm 2019; 2019:5618023. [PMID: 31871428 PMCID: PMC6906841 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5618023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 09/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
A previous study has demonstrated that adiponectin (APN) could promote preadipocyte differentiation, and the present study further explored its mechanism. 3T3-L1 cells were infected with adenovirus holding human adiponectin gene apM1 and mouse neuronatin (Nnat) shRNA and initiated differentiation while coculturing with mature adipocytes stimulated with LPS. After 8 days, preadipocyte differentiation was observed by Oil Red O staining. Real-time quantitative PCR was used to evaluate mRNA expression levels of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), interleukin- (IL-) 6, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α). The levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), malondialdehyde (MDA), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in 3T3-L1 cells were detected. Western blotting was done to quantify the protein expression levels of Nnat, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) γ, p65, and inhibitor of nuclear factor κB (IκB) α. Results demonstrated that APN overexpression markedly increased preadipocyte differentiation; inhibited gene expression of MCP-1, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α; reduced ROS and MDA release; increased T-AOC and SOD levels; upregulated Nnat, PPAR γ, and IκB α protein expressions; and downregulated p65 protein expression under LPS stimulation. However, the effects of APN were markedly attenuated when Nnat expression was knocked down. Taken together, the present study provided evidences that the effects of APN on promoting preadipocyte differentiation under inflammatory conditions via anti-inflammation and antioxidative stress may be regulated by the PPAR γ/Nnat/NF-κB signaling pathway.
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14
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15
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Kanno N, Yoshida S, Kato T, Kato Y. Characteristic Localization of Neuronatin in Rat Testis, Hair Follicle, Tongue, and Pancreas. J Histochem Cytochem 2019; 67:495-509. [PMID: 30869556 DOI: 10.1369/0022155419836433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuronatin (Nnat) is expressed in the pituitary, pancreas, and other tissues; however, the function of NNAT is still unclear. Recent studies have demonstrated that NNAT is localized in the sex-determining region Y-box 2-positive stem/progenitor cells in the developing rat pituitary primordium and is downregulated during differentiation into mature hormone-producing cells. Moreover, NNAT is widely localized in subcellular organelles, excluding the Golgi. Here, we further evaluated NNAT-positive cells and intracellular localization in embryonic and postnatal rat tissues such as the pancreas, tongue, whisker hair follicle, and testis. Immunohistochemistry revealed that NNAT was localized in undifferentiated cells (i.e., epithelial basal cells and basement cells in the papillae of the tongue and round and elongated spermatids of the testis) as well as in differentiated cells (insulin-positive cells and exocrine cells of the pancreas, taste receptor cells of the fungiform papilla, the inner root sheath of whisker hair follicles, and spermatozoa). In addition, NNAT exhibited novel intracellular localization in acrosomes in the spermatozoa. Because the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is excluded from spermatozoa and sarco/ER Ca2+-ATPase isoform 2 (SERCA2) is absent from the inner root sheath, these findings suggested that NNAT localization in the ER and its interaction with SERCA2 are cell- or tissue-specific properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoko Kanno
- Division of Life Science, Meiji University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Saishu Yoshida
- Institute of Endocrinology, Meiji University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Takako Kato
- Institute of Endocrinology, Meiji University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yukio Kato
- Division of Life Science, Meiji University, Kanagawa, Japan.,Graduate School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kanagawa, Japan.,Institute of Endocrinology, Meiji University, Kanagawa, Japan
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16
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Thamban T, Sowpati DT, Pai V, Nithianandam V, Abe T, Shioi G, Mishra RK, Khosla S. The putative Neuronatin imprint control region is an enhancer that also regulates the Blcap gene. Epigenomics 2019; 11:251-266. [DOI: 10.2217/epi-2018-0060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: To investigate the regulatory potential of the Nnat second intron within the Nnat/Blcap micro-imprinted domain. Materials & methods: Mice with deletion of Nnat second intron at the endogenous Nnat/Blcap micro-imprinted domain were used to examine the effect of Nnat second intron on the transcriptional regulation of the Nnat and Blcap genes. Results & conclusion: Deletion of Nnat second intron affected Nnat expression in cis leading to the loss of Nnat expression from the active paternal allele. Nnat second intron was found to have the characteristics of an imprint control region including allele-specific DNA methylation and histone modifications and it also regulated the epigenetic profile of Nnat promoter by acting as an enhancer. Nnat second intron was also found to be regulating the expression of the Blcap transcripts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thushara Thamban
- Laboratory of Mammalian Genetics, Centre for DNA Fingerprinting & Diagnostics (CDFD), Inner Ring Road, Uppal, Hyderabad, India
- Graduate studies, Manipal University, Manipal, India
| | - Divya Tej Sowpati
- Laboratory of Mammalian Genetics, Centre for DNA Fingerprinting & Diagnostics (CDFD), Inner Ring Road, Uppal, Hyderabad, India
- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Uppal Road, Hyderabad, India
| | - Vaishnavo Pai
- Laboratory of Mammalian Genetics, Centre for DNA Fingerprinting & Diagnostics (CDFD), Inner Ring Road, Uppal, Hyderabad, India
| | - Vanitha Nithianandam
- Laboratory of Mammalian Genetics, Centre for DNA Fingerprinting & Diagnostics (CDFD), Inner Ring Road, Uppal, Hyderabad, India
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Takaya Abe
- Laboratory for Animal Resources & Genetic Engineering, RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology, 2-2-3 Minatojima Minami, Chuou-ku, Kobe 650-0047, Japan
| | - Go Shioi
- Laboratory for Animal Resources & Genetic Engineering, RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology, 2-2-3 Minatojima Minami, Chuou-ku, Kobe 650-0047, Japan
| | - Rakesh K Mishra
- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Uppal Road, Hyderabad, India
| | - Sanjeev Khosla
- Laboratory of Mammalian Genetics, Centre for DNA Fingerprinting & Diagnostics (CDFD), Inner Ring Road, Uppal, Hyderabad, India
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17
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Liu S, Zheng F, Cai Y, Zhang W, Dun Y. Effect of Long-Term Exercise Training on lncRNAs Expression in the Vascular Injury of Insulin Resistance. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2018; 11:459-469. [DOI: 10.1007/s12265-018-9830-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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18
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Nass N, Walter S, Jechorek D, Weissenborn C, Ignatov A, Haybaeck J, Sel S, Kalinski T. High neuronatin (NNAT) expression is associated with poor outcome in breast cancer. Virchows Arch 2017; 471:23-30. [DOI: 10.1007/s00428-017-2154-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Revised: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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19
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Manivannan J, Prashanth M, Saravana Kumar V, Shairam M, Subburaj J. Systems biological understanding of the regulatory network and the possible therapeutic strategies for vascular calcification. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2016; 12:3683-3694. [PMID: 27752677 DOI: 10.1039/c6mb00557h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Since there is no precise therapy for treating vascular calcification by directly targeting the vascular wall, we aim to unveil novel drug targets through mining the molecular effect of a high phosphate environment on vascular cells through computational methods. Here, we hypothesize that manipulation of the vascular pathogenic network by small molecule therapeutics predicted from prior knowledge might offer great promise. With this, we intend to understand the publicly available transcriptomic data of vascular smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells exposed to the high phosphate induced vascular calcification milieu and to re-examine the above published experiments for reasons different from those examined in the previous studies through multilevel systems biological understanding. Hence, in this study the differentially expressed genes were subjected to both upstream and downstream network analysis through multiple standalone software and web servers. To provide an insight into causal signaling, we simultaneously predicted upstream regulatory layers through transcription factor and kinome enrichment analysis. Moreover the possible systems pharmacological choices were presented in three ways as (1) drug induced expression modulation, (2) drugs that interact with upstream and downstream regulatory targets, (3) possible natural product therapeutics from target-compound relationship. Furthermore for validating the current study we have specifically evaluated the preventive effect of two predicted natural compounds in a bovine aortic calcification model. The overall observation predicts a few novel mechanisms that might be involved in vascular dysfunction and calcification in both cell types. Also, the systems pharmacological investigation provides clues for the possible therapeutic options along with validation. In conclusion, the current study indicates that reanalysis of transcriptomic data propels us to reposition the approved drugs and use natural compounds as novel therapeutic agents for vascular calcification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeganathan Manivannan
- AU-KBC Research Centre, MIT Campus-Anna University, Chrompet, Chennai-600044, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Manjunath Prashanth
- AU-KBC Research Centre, MIT Campus-Anna University, Chrompet, Chennai-600044, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | | | - Manickaraj Shairam
- AU-KBC Research Centre, MIT Campus-Anna University, Chrompet, Chennai-600044, Tamil Nadu, India.
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20
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Pitale PM, Howse W, Gorbatyuk M. Neuronatin Protein in Health and Disease. J Cell Physiol 2016; 232:477-481. [PMID: 27442611 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Neuronatin (NNAT) was first identified as a brain-specific gene crucial for brain development. Over the years, NNAT has been studied in different developing and post-developed tissues and organs. While NNAT manifests functional and structural similarities to the phospholamban gene, its physiological and pathological roles in healthy and diseased tissues have not been precisely identified. Ca2+ signaling, glucose transport, insulin secretion, and inflammation modulated at different pathological conditions have been proposed to be governed by NNAT. This review describes the current findings of cellular molecular pathways known to be modified concomitantly with an alteration in NNAT expression, and it highlights the need to conduct extensive investigation regarding the role of NNAT in health and disease. J. Cell. Physiol. 232: 477-481, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyamvada M Pitale
- Department of Optometry and Vision Science, School of Optometry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Wayne Howse
- Department of Optometry and Vision Science, School of Optometry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Marina Gorbatyuk
- Department of Optometry and Vision Science, School of Optometry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
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21
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Shinde V, Pitale PM, Howse W, Gorbatyuk O, Gorbatyuk M. Neuronatin is a stress-responsive protein of rod photoreceptors. Neuroscience 2016; 328:1-8. [PMID: 27109921 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Revised: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Neuronatin (NNAT) is a small transmembrane proteolipid that is highly expressed in the embryonic developing brain and several other peripheral tissues. This study is the first to provide evidence that NNAT is detected in the adult retina of various adult rod-dominant mammals, including wild-type (WT) rodents, transgenic rodents expressing mutant S334ter, P23H, or T17M rhodopsin, non-human primates, humans, and cone-dominant tree shrews. Immunohistochemical and quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analyses were applied to detect NNAT. Confocal microscopy analysis revealed that NNAT immunofluorescence is restricted to the outer segments (OSs) of photoreceptors without evidence of staining in other retinal cell types across all mammalian species. Moreover, in tree shrew retinas, we found NNAT to be co-localized with rhodopsin, indicating its predominant expression in rods. The rod-derived expression of NNAT was further confirmed by qRT-PCR in isolated rod photoreceptor cells. We also used these cells to mimic cellular stress in transgenic retinas by treating them with the endoplasmic reticulum stress inducer, tunicamycin. Thus, our data revealed accumulation of NNAT around the nucleus as compared to dispersed localization of NNAT within control cells. This distribution coincided with the partial intracellular mislocalization of NNAT to the outer nuclear layer observed in transgenic retinas. In addition, stressed retinas demonstrated an increase of NNAT mRNA and protein levels. Therefore, our study demonstrated that NNAT is a novel stress-responsive protein with a potential structural and/or functional role in adult mammalian retinas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishal Shinde
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Optometry, United States; University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Vision Science, School of Optometry, United States
| | - Priyamvada M Pitale
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Optometry, United States; University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Vision Science, School of Optometry, United States
| | - Wayne Howse
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Optometry, United States; University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Vision Science, School of Optometry, United States
| | - Oleg Gorbatyuk
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Optometry, United States; University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Vision Science, School of Optometry, United States
| | - Marina Gorbatyuk
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Optometry, United States; University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Vision Science, School of Optometry, United States.
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22
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Takatani R, Minagawa M, Molinaro A, Reyes M, Kinoshita K, Takatani T, Kazukawa I, Nagatsuma M, Kashimada K, Sato K, Matsushita K, Nomura F, Shimojo N, Jüppner H. Similar frequency of paternal uniparental disomy involving chromosome 20q (patUPD20q) in Japanese and Caucasian patients affected by sporadic pseudohypoparathyroidism type Ib (sporPHP1B). Bone 2015; 79:15-20. [PMID: 25997889 PMCID: PMC4501871 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2015.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Revised: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 05/08/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Pseudohypoparathyroidism type Ib (PHP1B) is caused by proximal tubular resistance to parathyroid hormone that occurs in most cases in the absence of Albright's Hereditary Osteodystrophy (AHO). Familial forms of PHP1B are caused by maternally inherited microdeletions within STX16, the gene encoding syntaxin 16, or within GNAS, a complex genetic locus on chromosome 20q13.3 encoding Gsα and several splice variants thereof. These deletions lead either to a loss-of-methylation affecting GNAS exon A/B alone or to epigenetic changes involving multiple differentially methylated regions (DMRs) within GNAS. Broad GNAS methylation abnormalities are also observed in most sporadic PHP1B (sporPHP1B) cases. However, with the exception of paternal uniparental disomy involving chromosome 20q (patUPD20q), the molecular mechanism leading to this disease variant remains unknown. We now investigated 23 Japanese sporPHP1B cases, who presented with hypocalcemia, hyperphosphatemia, elevated PTH levels, and occasionally with TSH elevations and mild AHO features. Age at diagnosis was 10.6 ± 1.45 years. Calcium, phosphate, and PTH were 6.3 ± 0.23 mg/dL, 7.7 ± 0.33 mg/dL, and 305 ± 34.5 pg/mL, respectively, i.e. laboratory findings that are indistinguishable from those previously observed for Caucasian sporPHP1B cases. All investigated patients showed broad GNAS methylation changes. Eleven individuals were homozygous for SNPs within exon NESP and a pentanucleotide repeat in exon A/B. Two of these patients furthermore revealed homozygosity for numerous microsatellite markers on chromosome 20q raising the possibility of patUPD20q, which was confirmed through the analysis of parental DNA. Based on this and our previous reports, paternal duplication of the chromosomal region comprising the GNAS locus appears to be a fairly common cause of sporPHP1B that is likely to occur with equal frequency in Caucasians and Asians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rieko Takatani
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masanori Minagawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan; Department of Endocrinology, Chiba Children's Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Angelo Molinaro
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Endocrinology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Monica Reyes
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kaori Kinoshita
- Department of Pediatrics, Kimitsu Chuo Hospital, Kisarazu, Japan
| | - Tomozumi Takatani
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Itsuro Kazukawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan; Department of Endocrinology, Chiba Children's Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Misako Nagatsuma
- Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenichi Kashimada
- Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenichi Sato
- Department of Medical Technology and Sciences, International University of Health and Welfare, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Matsushita
- Department of Molecular Diagnosis & Division of Clinical Genetics and Proteomics, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Fumio Nomura
- Department of Molecular Diagnosis & Division of Clinical Genetics and Proteomics, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Naoki Shimojo
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Harald Jüppner
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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Duan F, Chen X, Yuan L, Song Y, Wang A, Lv Q, Li Z, Lai L. Conservation of imprinting of Neuronatin (Nnat) in rabbits. SPRINGERPLUS 2015; 4:257. [PMID: 26090304 PMCID: PMC4467822 DOI: 10.1186/s40064-015-1054-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2014] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Although the expression and epigenetic status of imprinted genes have been extensively studied in a number of species, less is known about the genomic imprinting in rabbits. Neuronatin (Nnat) plays significant roles in the brain development and metabolic regulation and has been identified to be imprinted and paternally expressed in humans, mice and pigs; however, it has not yet been investigated in rabbits. In this study, we confirmed the expression of two isoforms of the rabbit Nnat (Nnat-a and Nnat-β) identified in Genbank and Ensembl by quantitative real-time PCR. In addition, we also determined the methylation profile of the CpG island in the promoter region of the rabbit Nnat using bisulfite sequencing PCR and combined bisulfite restriction analysis. Here, we provide the first evidence that Nnat has two transcripts in rabbit. Additionally, the CpG island located in the promoter region shows oocyte-specific methylation and may be the differentially methylated region of Nnat in rabbits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Duan
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, 5333#, Xi'an Road, Changchun, 130062 China
| | - Xianju Chen
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, 5333#, Xi'an Road, Changchun, 130062 China
| | - Lin Yuan
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, 5333#, Xi'an Road, Changchun, 130062 China
| | - Yuning Song
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, 5333#, Xi'an Road, Changchun, 130062 China
| | - Anfeng Wang
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, 5333#, Xi'an Road, Changchun, 130062 China
| | - Qingyan Lv
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, 5333#, Xi'an Road, Changchun, 130062 China
| | - Zhanjun Li
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, 5333#, Xi'an Road, Changchun, 130062 China
| | - Liangxue Lai
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, 5333#, Xi'an Road, Changchun, 130062 China
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Darrow AL, Shohet RV. Galectin-3 deficiency exacerbates hyperglycemia and the endothelial response to diabetes. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2015; 14:73. [PMID: 26047815 PMCID: PMC4499178 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-015-0230-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 05/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Diabetes promotes maladaptive changes in the endothelium that lead to its dysfunction and contribute to the vascular pathology of diabetes. We have previously reported the up-regulation of galectin-3, a β-galactoside-binding lectin, in the endothelium and sera of diabetic mice, implicating this molecule in diabetic vasculopathy and suggesting its potential as a biomarker of the disease. Therefore, we sought to assess the role of galectin-3 in the vascular pathology of diabetes. Methods Galectin-3 knockout mice (KO) and wild-type mice (WT) were fed either a high-fat diet (HFD) (60 % fat calories) to produce insulin resistant diabetes, or standard chow (12 % fat calories), and their metabolic and endothelial responses were measured. After 8 weeks, the aortic and skeletal muscle endothelia were isolated by fluorescence sorting of CD105+/CD45− cells and comprehensive transcriptional analyses were performed. Transcripts differentially dysregulated by HFD in KO endothelium compared to WT were confirmed by semi-quantitative RT-PCR, and protein expression was determined by immunofluorescence of aortic and muscle tissue. Ingenuity® Pathway Analysis was used to identify pathways up-regulated by HFD in the KO, such as the coagulation cascade, and measurements of blood clotting activity were performed to confirm these results. Results KO mice demonstrate greater hyperglycemia and impaired glucose tolerance but lower insulin levels on HFD compared to WT. KO mice demonstrate a more robust transcriptional response to HFD in the vascular endothelium compared to WT. Transcripts dysregulated in the KO endothelium after HFD are involved in glucose uptake and insulin signaling, vasoregulation, coagulation, and atherogenesis. One of the most down-regulated transcripts in the endothelium of the KO after HFD was the glucose transporter, Glut4/Slc2a4. GLUT4 immunofluorescence confirmed lower protein abundance in the endothelium and muscle of the HFD-fed KO. Prothrombin time was decreased in the diabetic KO indicating increased coagulation activity. Conclusions Galectin-3 deficiency leads to exacerbated metabolic derangement and endothelial dysfunction. The impaired tissue uptake of glucose in KO mice can be attributed to the reduced expression of GLUT4. Enhanced coagulation activity in the diabetic KO suggests a protective role for galectin-3 against thrombosis. These studies demonstrate that galectin-3 deficiency contributes both to the pathogenesis of diabetes and the associated vasculopathy. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12933-015-0230-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- April L Darrow
- Center for Cardiovascular Research and Department of Medicine, University of Hawaii John A. Burns School of Medicine, Honolulu, HI, USA. .,Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Hawaii John A. Burns School of Medicine, 651 Ilalo Street, Honolulu, HI, 96813, USA.
| | - Ralph V Shohet
- Center for Cardiovascular Research and Department of Medicine, University of Hawaii John A. Burns School of Medicine, Honolulu, HI, USA.
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Padhee M, Zhang S, Lie S, Wang KC, Botting KJ, McMillen IC, MacLaughlin SM, Morrison JL. The periconceptional environment and cardiovascular disease: does in vitro embryo culture and transfer influence cardiovascular development and health? Nutrients 2015; 7:1378-425. [PMID: 25699984 PMCID: PMC4377860 DOI: 10.3390/nu7031378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2014] [Revised: 01/22/2015] [Accepted: 01/30/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ARTs) have revolutionised reproductive medicine; however, reports assessing the effects of ARTs have raised concerns about the immediate and long-term health outcomes of the children conceived through ARTs. ARTs include manipulations during the periconceptional period, which coincides with an environmentally sensitive period of gamete/embryo development and as such may alter cardiovascular development and health of the offspring in postnatal life. In order to identify the association between ARTs and cardiovascular health outcomes, it is important to understand the events that occur during the periconceptional period and how they are affected by procedures involved in ARTs. This review will highlight the emerging evidence implicating adverse cardiovascular outcomes before and after birth in offspring conceived through ARTs in both human and animal studies. In addition, it will identify the potential underlying causes and molecular mechanisms responsible for the congenital and adult cardiovascular dysfunctions in offspring whom were conceived through ARTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monalisa Padhee
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia.
| | - Song Zhang
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia.
| | - Shervi Lie
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia.
| | - Kimberley C Wang
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia.
| | - Kimberley J Botting
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia.
| | - I Caroline McMillen
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia.
| | - Severence M MacLaughlin
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia.
| | - Janna L Morrison
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia.
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Fu R, Zhang Y, Guo Y, Zhang Y, Xu Y, Chen F. Digital gene expression analysis of the pathogenesis and therapeutic mechanisms of ligustrazine and puerarin in rat atherosclerosis. Gene 2014; 552:75-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2014.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Revised: 08/18/2014] [Accepted: 09/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Jenkins NT, Padilla J, Thorne PK, Martin JS, Rector RS, Davis JW, Laughlin MH. Transcriptome-wide RNA sequencing analysis of rat skeletal muscle feed arteries. I. Impact of obesity. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2014; 116:1017-32. [PMID: 24436298 PMCID: PMC4035791 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.01233.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2013] [Accepted: 01/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
We employed next-generation RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) technology to determine the influence of obesity on global gene expression in skeletal muscle feed arteries. Transcriptional profiles of the gastrocnemius and soleus muscle feed arteries (GFA and SFA, respectively) and aortic endothelial cell-enriched samples from obese Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) and lean Long-Evans Tokushima Otsuka (LETO) rats were examined. Obesity produced 282 upregulated and 133 downregulated genes in SFA and 163 upregulated and 77 downregulated genes in GFA [false discovery rate (FDR) < 10%] with an overlap of 93 genes between the arteries. In LETO rats, there were 89 upregulated and 114 downregulated genes in the GFA compared with the SFA. There were 244 upregulated and 275 downregulated genes in OLETF rats (FDR < 10%) in the GFA compared with the SFA, with an overlap of 76 differentially expressed genes common to both LETO and OLETF rats in both the GFA and SFA. A total of 396 transcripts were found to be differentially expressed between LETO and OLETF in aortic endothelial cell-enriched samples. Overall, we found 1) the existence of heterogeneity in the transcriptional profile of the SFA and GFA within healthy LETO rats, 2) that this between-vessel heterogeneity was markedly exacerbated in the hyperphagic, obese OLETF rat, and 3) a greater number of genes whose expression was altered by obesity in the SFA compared with the GFA. Also, results indicate that in OLETF rats the GFA takes on a relatively more proatherogenic phenotype compared with the SFA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan T Jenkins
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
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Dugu L, Nakahara T, Wu Z, Uchi H, Liu M, Hirano K, Yokomizo T, Furue M. Neuronatin is related to keratinocyte differentiation by up-regulating involucrin. J Dermatol Sci 2014; 73:225-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2013.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2013] [Revised: 10/18/2013] [Accepted: 10/23/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Neuronatin gene: Imprinted and misfolded: Studies in Lafora disease, diabetes and cancer may implicate NNAT-aggregates as a common downstream participant in neuronal loss. Genomics 2013; 103:183-8. [PMID: 24345642 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2013.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2013] [Revised: 12/06/2013] [Accepted: 12/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Neuronatin (NNAT) is a ubiquitous and highly conserved mammalian gene involved in brain development. Its mRNA isoforms, chromosomal location, genomic DNA structure and regulation have been characterized. More recently there has been rapid progress in the understanding of its function in physiology and human disease. In particular there is fairly direct evidence implicating neuronatin in the causation of Lafora disease and diabetes. Neuronatin protein has a strong predisposition to misfold and form cellular aggregates that cause cell death by apoptosis. Aggregation of Neuronatin within cortical neurons and resulting cell death is the hallmark of Lafora disease, a progressive and fatal neurodegenerative disease. Under high glucose conditions simulating diabetes, neuronatin protein also accumulates and destroys pancreatic beta cells. The neuronatin gene is imprinted and only the paternal allele is normally expressed in the adult. However, changes in DNA methylation may cause the maternal allele to lose imprinting and trigger cell proliferation and metastasis. Neuronatin has also been shown to be translated peripherally within the dendrites of neurons, a finding of relevance in synaptic plasticity. The current understanding of the function of neuronatin raises the possibility that this gene may participate in the common downstream mechanisms associated with aberrant neuronal growth and death. A better understanding of these mechanisms may open new therapeutic targets to help modify the progression of devastating neurodegenerative conditions such as Alzheimer's and anterior horn cell disease.
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Gburcik V, Cleasby ME, Timmons JA. Loss of neuronatin promotes "browning" of primary mouse adipocytes while reducing Glut1-mediated glucose disposal. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2013; 304:E885-94. [PMID: 23482445 PMCID: PMC3625784 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00463.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Failure of white adipose tissue to appropriately store excess metabolic substrate seems to underpin obesity-associated type 2 diabetes. Encouraging "browning" of white adipose has been suggested as a therapeutic strategy to help dispose of excess stored lipid and ameliorate the resulting insulin resistance. Genetic variation at the DNA locus encoding the novel proteolipid neuronatin has been associated with obesity, and we recently observed that neuronatin expression is reduced in subcutaneous adipose tissue from obese humans. Thus, to explore the function of neuronatin further, we used RNAi to silence its expression in murine primary adipocyte cultures and examined the effects on adipocyte phenotype. We found that primary adipocytes express only the longer isoform of neuronatin. Loss of neuronatin led to increased mitochondrial biogenesis, indicated by greater intensity of MitoTracker Green staining. This was accompanied by increased expression of UCP1 and the key genes in mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, PGC-1α, Cox8b, and Cox4 in primary subcutaneous white adipocytes, indicative of a "browning" effect. In addition, phosphorylation of AMPK and ACC was increased, suggestive of increased fatty acid utilization. Similar, but less pronounced, effects of neuronatin silencing were also noted in primary brown adipocytes. In contrast, loss of neuronatin caused a reduction in both basal and insulin-stimulated glucose uptake and glycogen synthesis, likely mediated by a reduction in Glut1 protein upon silencing of neuronatin. In contrast, loss of neuronatin had no effect on insulin signaling. In conclusion, neuronatin appears to be a novel regulator of browning and metabolic substrate disposal in white adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Gburcik
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, London, UK
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31
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Differential pre-mRNA splicing regulates Nnat isoforms in the hypothalamus after gastric bypass surgery in mice. PLoS One 2013; 8:e59407. [PMID: 23527188 PMCID: PMC3603916 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0059407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2012] [Accepted: 02/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Neuronatin (NNAT) is an endoplasmic reticulum proteolipid implicated in intracellular signalling. Nnat is highly-expressed in the hypothalamus, where it is acutely regulated by nutrients and leptin. Nnat pre-mRNA is differentially spliced to create Nnat-α and -β isoforms. Genetic variation of NNAT is associated with severe obesity. Currently, little is known about the long-term regulation of Nnat. Methods Expression of Nnat isoforms were examined in the hypothalamus of mice in response to acute fast/feed, chronic caloric restriction, diet-induced obesity and modified gastric bypass surgery. Nnat expression was assessed in the central nervous system and gastrointestinal tissues. RTqPCR was used to determine isoform-specific expression of Nnat mRNA. Results Hypothalamic expression of both Nnat isoforms was comparably decreased by overnight and 24-h fasting. Nnat expression was unaltered in diet-induced obesity, or subsequent switch to a calorie restricted diet. Nnat isoforms showed differential expression in the hypothalamus but not brainstem after bypass surgery. Hypothalamic Nnat-β expression was significantly reduced after bypass compared with sham surgery (P = 0.003), and was positively correlated with post-operative weight-loss (R2 = 0.38, P = 0.01). In contrast, Nnat-α expression was not suppressed after bypass surgery (P = 0.19), and expression did not correlate with reduction in weight after surgery (R2 = 0.06, P = 0.34). Hypothalamic expression of Nnat-β correlated weakly with circulating leptin, but neither isoform correlated with fasting gut hormone levels post- surgery. Nnat expression was detected in brainstem, brown-adipose tissue, stomach and small intestine. Conclusions Nnat expression in hypothalamus is regulated by short-term nutrient availability, but unaltered by diet-induced obesity or calorie restriction. While Nnat isoforms in the hypothalamus are co-ordinately regulated by acute nutrient supply, after modified gastric bypass surgery Nnat isoforms show differential expression. These results raise the possibility that in the radically altered nutrient and hormonal milieu created by bypass surgery, resultant differential splicing of Nnat pre-mRNA may contribute to weight-loss.
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Sharma J, Mukherjee D, Rao SNR, Iyengar S, Shankar SK, Satishchandra P, Jana NR. Neuronatin-mediated aberrant calcium signaling and endoplasmic reticulum stress underlie neuropathology in Lafora disease. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:9482-90. [PMID: 23408434 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.416180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Lafora disease (LD) is a teenage-onset inherited progressive myoclonus epilepsy characterized by the accumulations of intracellular inclusions called Lafora bodies and caused by mutations in protein phosphatase laforin or ubiquitin ligase malin. But how the loss of function of either laforin or malin causes disease pathogenesis is poorly understood. Recently, neuronatin was identified as a novel substrate of malin that regulates glycogen synthesis. Here we demonstrate that the level of neuronatin is significantly up-regulated in the skin biopsy sample of LD patients having mutations in both malin and laforin. Neuronatin is highly expressed in human fetal brain with gradual decrease in expression in developing and adult brain. However, in adult brain, neuronatin is predominantly expressed in parvalbumin-positive GABAergic interneurons and localized in their processes. The level of neuronatin is increased and accumulated as insoluble aggregates in the cortical area of LD brain biopsy samples, and there is also a dramatic loss of parvalbumin-positive GABAergic interneurons. Ectopic expression of neuronatin in cultured neuronal cells results in increased intracellular Ca(2+), endoplasmic reticulum stress, proteasomal dysfunction, and cell death that can be partially rescued by malin. These findings suggest that the neuronatin-induced aberrant Ca(2+) signaling and endoplasmic reticulum stress might underlie LD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaiprakash Sharma
- Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, National Brain Research Centre, Manesar, Gurgaon 122 050, India
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Erdely A, Antonini JM, Salmen-Muniz R, Liston A, Hulderman T, Simeonova PP, Kashon ML, Li S, Gu JK, Stone S, Chen BT, Frazer DG, Zeidler-Erdely PC. Type I interferon and pattern recognition receptor signaling following particulate matter inhalation. Part Fibre Toxicol 2012; 9:25. [PMID: 22776377 PMCID: PMC3537608 DOI: 10.1186/1743-8977-9-25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2011] [Accepted: 06/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Welding, a process that generates an aerosol containing gases and metal-rich particulates, induces adverse physiological effects including inflammation, immunosuppression and cardiovascular dysfunction. This study utilized microarray technology and subsequent pathway analysis as an exploratory search for markers/mechanisms of in vivo systemic effects following inhalation. Mice were exposed by inhalation to gas metal arc – stainless steel (GMA-SS) welding fume at 40 mg/m3 for 3 hr/d for 10 d and sacrificed 4 hr, 14 d and 28 d post-exposure. Whole blood cells, aorta and lung were harvested for global gene expression analysis with subsequent Ingenuity Pathway Analysis and confirmatory qRT-PCR. Serum was collected for protein profiling. Results The novel finding was a dominant type I interferon signaling network with the transcription factor Irf7 as a central component maintained through 28 d. Remarkably, these effects showed consistency across all tissues indicating a systemic type I interferon response that was complemented by changes in serum proteins (decreased MMP-9, CRP and increased VCAM1, oncostatin M, IP-10). In addition, pulmonary expression of interferon α and β and Irf7 specific pattern recognition receptors (PRR) and signaling molecules (Ddx58, Ifih1, Dhx58, ISGF3) were induced, an effect that showed specificity when compared to other inflammatory exposures. Also, a canonical pathway indicated a coordinated response of multiple PRR and associated signaling molecules (Tlr7, Tlr2, Clec7a, Nlrp3, Myd88) to inhalation of GMA-SS. Conclusion This methodological approach has the potential to identify consistent, prominent and/or novel pathways and provides insight into mechanisms that contribute to pulmonary and systemic effects following toxicant exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Erdely
- Pathology and Physiology Research Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV, USA.
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Darrow AL, Shohet RV, Maresh JG. Transcriptional analysis of the endothelial response to diabetes reveals a role for galectin-3. Physiol Genomics 2011; 43:1144-52. [PMID: 21791638 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00035.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
To characterize the endothelial dysfunction associated with Type II diabetes, we surveyed transcriptional responses in the vascular endothelia of mice receiving a diabetogenic, high-fat diet. Tie2-GFP mice were fed a diet containing 60% fat calories (HFD); controls were littermates fed normal chow. Following 4, 6, and 8 wk, aortic and leg muscle tissues were enzymatically dispersed, and endothelial cells were obtained by fluorescence-activated cell sorting. Relative mRNA abundance in HFD vs. control endothelia was measured with long-oligo microarrays; highly dysregulated genes were confirmed by real-time PCR and protein quantification. HFD mice were hyperglycemic by 2 wk and displayed vascular insulin resistance and decreased glucose tolerance by 5 and 6 wk, respectively. Endothelial transcripts upregulated by HFD included galectin-3 (Lgals3), 5-lipoxygenase-activating protein, and chemokine ligands 8 and 9. Increased LGALS3 protein was detected in muscle endothelium by immunohistology accompanied by elevated LGALS3 in the serum of HFD mice. Our comprehensive analysis of the endothelial transcriptional response in a model of Type II diabetes reveals novel regulation of transcripts with roles in inflammation, insulin sensitivity, oxidative stress, and atherosclerosis. Increased endothelial expression and elevated humoral levels of LGALS3 supports a role for this molecule in the vascular response to diabetes, and its potential as a direct biomarker for the inflammatory state in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- April L Darrow
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, University of Hawaii John A. Burns School of Medicine, Honolulu, Hawaii 96813, USA
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Sharma J, Rao SNR, Shankar SK, Satishchandra P, Jana NR. Lafora disease ubiquitin ligase malin promotes proteasomal degradation of neuronatin and regulates glycogen synthesis. Neurobiol Dis 2011; 44:133-41. [PMID: 21742036 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2011.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2011] [Revised: 05/27/2011] [Accepted: 06/16/2011] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Lafora disease (LD) is the inherited progressive myoclonus epilepsy caused by mutations in either EPM2A gene, encoding the protein phosphatase laforin or the NHLRC1 gene, encoding the ubiquitin ligase malin. Since malin is an ubiquitin ligase and its mutations cause LD, it is hypothesized that improper clearance of its substrates might lead to LD pathogenesis. Here, we demonstrate for the first time that neuronatin is a novel substrate of malin. Malin interacts with neuronatin and enhances its degradation through proteasome. Interestingly, neuronatin is an aggregate prone protein, forms aggresome upon inhibition of cellular proteasome function and malin recruited to those aggresomes. Neuronatin is found to stimulate the glycogen synthesis through the activation of glycogen synthase and malin prevents neuronatin-induced glycogen synthesis. Several LD-associated mutants of malin are ineffective in the degradation of neuronatin and suppression of neuronatin-induced glycogen synthesis. Finally, we demonstrate the increased levels of neuronatin in the skin biopsy sample of LD patients. Overall, our results indicate that malin negatively regulates neuronatin and its loss of function in LD results in increased accumulation of neuronatin, which might be implicated in the formation of Lafora body or other aspect of disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaiprakash Sharma
- Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience Laboratory, National Brain Research Centre, Manesar, Gurgaon-122 050, India
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Li X, Thomason PA, Withers DJ, Scott J. Bio-informatics analysis of a gene co-expression module in adipose tissue containing the diet-responsive gene Nnat. BMC SYSTEMS BIOLOGY 2010; 4:175. [PMID: 21187013 PMCID: PMC3022651 DOI: 10.1186/1752-0509-4-175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2010] [Accepted: 12/27/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Background Obesity causes insulin resistance in target tissues - skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, liver and the brain. Insulin resistance predisposes to type-2 diabetes (T2D) and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Adipose tissue inflammation is an essential characteristic of obesity and insulin resistance. Neuronatin (Nnat) expression has been found to be altered in a number of conditions related to inflammatory or metabolic disturbance, but its physiological roles and regulatory mechanisms in adipose tissue, brain, pancreatic islets and other tissues are not understood. Results We identified transcription factor binding sites (TFBS) conserved in the Nnat promoter, and transcription factors (TF) abundantly expressed in adipose tissue. These include transcription factors concerned with the control of: adipogenesis (Pparγ, Klf15, Irf1, Creb1, Egr2, Gata3); lipogenesis (Mlxipl, Srebp1c); inflammation (Jun, Stat3); insulin signalling and diabetes susceptibility (Foxo1, Tcf7l2). We also identified NeuroD1 the only documented TF that controls Nnat expression. We identified KEGG pathways significantly associated with Nnat expression, including positive correlations with inflammation and negative correlations with metabolic pathways (most prominently oxidative phosphorylation, glycolysis and gluconeogenesis, pyruvate metabolism) and protein turnover. 27 genes, including; Gstt1 and Sod3, concerned with oxidative stress; Sncg and Cxcl9 concerned with inflammation; Ebf1, Lgals12 and Fzd4 involved in adipogenesis; whose expression co-varies with Nnat were identified, and conserved transcription factor binding sites identified on their promoters. Functional networks relating to each of these genes were identified. Conclusions Our analysis shows that Nnat is an acute diet-responsive gene in white adipose tissue and hypothalamus; it may play an important role in metabolism, adipogenesis, and resolution of oxidative stress and inflammation in response to dietary excess.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinzhong Li
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Medicine Department, Imperial College London, South Kensington, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK.
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Popov D. Endothelial cell dysfunction in hyperglycemia: Phenotypic change, intracellular signaling modification, ultrastructural alteration, and potential clinical outcomes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdm.2010.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Vrang N, Meyre D, Froguel P, Jelsing J, Tang-Christensen M, Vatin V, Mikkelsen JD, Thirstrup K, Larsen LK, Cullberg KB, Fahrenkrug J, Jacobson P, Sjöström L, Carlsson LMS, Liu Y, Liu X, Deng HW, Larsen PJ. The imprinted gene neuronatin is regulated by metabolic status and associated with obesity. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2010; 18:1289-96. [PMID: 19851307 PMCID: PMC2921166 DOI: 10.1038/oby.2009.361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Using restriction fragment differential display (RFDD) technology, we have identified the imprinted gene neuronatin (Nnat) as a hypothalamic target under the influence of leptin. Nnat mRNA expression is decreased in several key appetite regulatory hypothalamic nuclei in rodents with impaired leptin signaling and during fasting conditions. Furthermore, peripheral administration of leptin to ob/ob mice normalizes hypothalamic Nnat expression. Comparative immunohistochemical analysis of human and rat hypothalami demonstrates that NNAT protein is present in anatomically equivalent nuclei, suggesting human physiological relevance of the gene product(s). A putative role of Nnat in human energy homeostasis is further emphasized by a consistent association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the human Nnat gene and severe childhood and adult obesity.
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Chen KH, Yang CH, Cheng JT, Wu CH, Sy WD, Lin CR. Altered neuronatin expression in the rat dorsal root ganglion after sciatic nerve transection. J Biomed Sci 2010; 17:41. [PMID: 20509861 PMCID: PMC2894761 DOI: 10.1186/1423-0127-17-41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2010] [Accepted: 05/28/2010] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several molecular changes occur following axotomy, such as gene up-regulation and down-regulation. In our previous study using Affymetrix arrays, it was found that after the axotomy of sciatic nerve, there were many novel genes with significant expression changes. Among them, neuronatin (Nnat) was the one which expression was significantly up-regulated. Nnat was identified as a gene selectively expressed in neonatal brains and markedly reduced in adult brains. The present study investigated whether the expression of Nnat correlates with symptoms of neuropathic pain in adult rats with transected sciatic nerve. METHODS Western blotting, immunohistochemistry, and the Randall and Selitto test were used to study the protein content, and subcellular localization of Nnat in correlation with pain-related animal behavior. RESULTS It was found that after nerve injury, the expression of Nnat was increased in total protein extracts. Unmyelinated C-fiber and thinly myelinated A-delta fiber in adult dorsal root ganglions (DRGs) were the principal sub-population of primary afferent neurons with distributed Nnat. The increased expression of Nnat and its subcellular localization were related to mechanical hyperalgesia. CONCLUSIONS The results indicated that there was significant correlation between mechanical hyperalgesia in axotomy of sciatic nerve and the increased expression of Nnat in C-fiber and A-delta fiber of adult DRG neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan-Hung Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Kaohsiung Medical Center, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Hui Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Kaohsiung Medical Center, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jiin-Tsuey Cheng
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsien Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Kaohsiung Medical Center, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Dih Sy
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Kaohsiung Medical Center, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Ren Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Kaohsiung Medical Center, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Anesthesiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
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Blangiardo M, Cassese A, Richardson S. sdef: an R package to synthesize lists of significant features in related experiments. BMC Bioinformatics 2010; 11:270. [PMID: 20487547 PMCID: PMC3239329 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2105-11-270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2010] [Accepted: 05/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In microarray studies researchers are often interested in the comparison of relevant quantities between two or more similar experiments, involving different treatments, tissues, or species. Typically each experiment reports measures of significance (e.g. p-values) or other measures that rank its features (e.g genes). Our objective is to find a list of features that are significant in all experiments, to be further investigated. In this paper we present an R package called sdef, that allows the user to quantify the evidence of communality between the experiments using previously proposed statistical methods based on the ranked lists of p-values. sdef implements two approaches that address this objective: the first is a permutation test of the maximal ratio of observed to expected common features under the hypothesis of independence between the experiments. The second approach, set in a Bayesian framework, is more flexible as it takes into account the uncertainty on the number of genes differentially expressed in each experiment. Results We used sdef to re-analyze publicly available data i) on Type 2 diabetes susceptibility in mice on liver and skeletal muscle (two experiments); ii) on molecular similarities between mammalian sexes (three experiments). For the first example, we found between 68 and 104 genes commonly perturbed between the two tissues, using the two methods described above, and enrichment of the inflammation pathways, which are related to obesity and diabetes. For the second example, looking at three lists of features, we found 110 genes commonly perturbed between the three tissues, using the same two methods, and enrichment on genes involved in cell development. Conclusions sdef is an R package that provides researchers with an easy and powerful methodology to find lists of features commonly perturbed in two or more experiments to be further investigated. The package is provided with plots and tables to help the user visualize and interpret the results. The Windows, Linux and MacOS versions of the package, together with the documentation are available on the website http://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/sdef/index.html.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Blangiardo
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College, St, Mary's Campus, Norfolk Place London W2 1PG, UK.
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Katari S, Turan N, Bibikova M, Erinle O, Chalian R, Foster M, Gaughan JP, Coutifaris C, Sapienza C. DNA methylation and gene expression differences in children conceived in vitro or in vivo. Hum Mol Genet 2009; 18:3769-78. [PMID: 19605411 PMCID: PMC2748887 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddp319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 304] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2009] [Revised: 06/18/2009] [Accepted: 07/09/2009] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological data indicate that children conceived in vitro have a greater relative risk of low birth-weight, major and minor birth defects, and rare disorders involving imprinted genes, suggesting that epigenetic changes may be associated with assisted reproduction. We examined DNA methylation at more than 700 genes (1536 CpG sites) in placenta and cord blood and measured gene expression levels of a subset of genes that differed in methylation levels between children conceived in vitro versus in vivo. Our results suggest that in vitro conception is associated with lower mean methylation at CpG sites in placenta and higher mean methylation at CpG sites in cord blood. We also find that in vitro conception-associated DNA methylation differences are associated with gene expression differences at both imprinted and non-imprinted genes. The range of inter-individual variation in gene expression of the in vitro and in vivo groups overlaps substantially but some individuals from the in vitro group differ from the in vivo group mean by more than two standard deviations. Several of the genes whose expression differs between the two groups have been implicated in chronic metabolic disorders, such as obesity and type II diabetes. These findings suggest that there may be epigenetic differences in the gametes or early embryos derived from couples undergoing treatment for infertility. Alternatively, assisted reproduction technology may have an effect on global patterns of DNA methylation and gene expression. In either case, these differences or changes may affect long-term patterns of gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunita Katari
- Fels Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Biology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Nahid Turan
- Fels Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Biology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | | | - Oluwatoyin Erinle
- Fels Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Biology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Raffi Chalian
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Michael Foster
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - John P. Gaughan
- Biostatistics Consulting Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA and
| | - Christos Coutifaris
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Carmen Sapienza
- Fels Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Biology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Bucciarelli LG, Pollreisz A, Kebschull M, Ganda A, Kalea AZ, Hudson BI, Zou YS, Lalla E, Ramasamy R, Colombo PC, Schmidt AM, Yan SF. Inflammatory stress in primary venous and aortic endothelial cells of type 1 diabetic mice. Diab Vasc Dis Res 2009; 6:249-61. [PMID: 20368219 DOI: 10.1177/1479164109338775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The progression of diabetes is associated with profound endothelial dysfunction. We tested the hypothesis that cellular stress would be detectable in ECs retrieved from arterial and venous vessels of diabetic mice. METHOD We describe a method for direct isolation of well-characterised aortic and venous ECs from mice in which cells are not subjected to propagation in culture. RESULTS Gene expression profiling, confirmed by real-time PCR, revealed a progressive increase in markers of injury within two main gene families, EC activation and EC apoptosis, in aortic and venous ECs recovered from diabetic versus non-diabetic mice. In short-term diabetes, Il1b mRNA transcripts were higher in aortic and venous ECs of diabetic mice versus controls. In long-term diabetes, casp-1 mRNA transcripts were higher in aortic and venous ECs of diabetic mice versus controls. CONCLUSION These data suggest that diabetes imparts diffuse endothelial perturbation in the arterial and venous endothelium.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Aorta/immunology
- Aorta/pathology
- Apoptosis
- Caspase 1/genetics
- Cell Separation
- Cells, Cultured
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/genetics
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/immunology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/pathology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/genetics
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/immunology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/pathology
- Endothelial Cells/immunology
- Endothelial Cells/pathology
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Inflammation/genetics
- Inflammation/immunology
- Inflammation/pathology
- Inflammation Mediators/metabolism
- Interleukin-1beta/genetics
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Phenotype
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Stress, Physiological/genetics
- Stress, Physiological/immunology
- Time Factors
- Vena Cava, Inferior/immunology
- Vena Cava, Inferior/pathology
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Current literature in diabetes. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2009; 25:i-viii. [PMID: 19267326 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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