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Kleiboeker B, He A, Tan M, Lu D, Hu D, Liu X, Goodarzi P, Hsu FF, Razani B, Semenkovich CF, Lodhi IJ. Adipose tissue peroxisomal lipid synthesis orchestrates obesity and insulin resistance through LXR-dependent lipogenesis. Mol Metab 2024; 82:101913. [PMID: 38458567 PMCID: PMC10950804 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2024.101913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Adipose tissue mass is maintained by a balance between lipolysis and lipid storage. The contribution of adipose tissue lipogenesis to fat mass, especially in the setting of high-fat feeding, is considered minor. Here we investigated the effect of adipose-specific inactivation of the peroxisomal lipid synthetic protein PexRAP on fatty acid synthase (FASN)-mediated lipogenesis and its impact on adiposity and metabolic homeostasis. METHODS To explore the role of PexRAP in adipose tissue, we metabolically phenotyped mice with adipose-specific knockout of PexRAP. Bulk RNA sequencing was used to determine transcriptomic responses to PexRAP deletion and 14C-malonyl CoA allowed us to measure de novo lipogenic activity in adipose tissue of these mice. In vitro cell culture models were used to elucidate the mechanism of cellular responses to PexRAP deletion. RESULTS Adipose-specific PexRAP deletion promoted diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance through activation of de novo lipogenesis. Mechanistically, PexRAP inactivation inhibited the flux of carbons to ethanolamine plasmalogens. This increased the nuclear PC/PE ratio and promoted cholesterol mislocalization, resulting in activation of liver X receptor (LXR), a nuclear receptor known to be activated by increased intracellular cholesterol. LXR activation led to increased expression of the phospholipid remodeling enzyme LPCAT3 and induced FASN-mediated lipogenesis, which promoted diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance. CONCLUSIONS These studies reveal an unexpected role for peroxisome-derived lipids in regulating LXR-dependent lipogenesis and suggest that activation of lipogenesis, combined with dietary lipid overload, exacerbates obesity and metabolic dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Kleiboeker
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism & Lipid Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Anyuan He
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism & Lipid Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Min Tan
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism & Lipid Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Dongliang Lu
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism & Lipid Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Donghua Hu
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism & Lipid Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Xuejing Liu
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism & Lipid Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Parniyan Goodarzi
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism & Lipid Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Fong-Fu Hsu
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism & Lipid Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Babak Razani
- Cardiovascular Division, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Clay F Semenkovich
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism & Lipid Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Irfan J Lodhi
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism & Lipid Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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Minegishi Y, Haga Y, Ueda K. Emerging potential of immunopeptidomics by mass spectrometry in cancer immunotherapy. Cancer Sci 2024; 115:1048-1059. [PMID: 38382459 PMCID: PMC11007014 DOI: 10.1111/cas.16118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
With significant advances in analytical technologies, research in the field of cancer immunotherapy, such as adoptive T cell therapy, cancer vaccine, and immune checkpoint blockade (ICB), is currently gaining tremendous momentum. Since the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy is recognized only by a minority of patients, more potent tumor-specific antigens (TSAs, also known as neoantigens) and predictive markers for treatment response are of great interest. In cancer immunity, immunopeptides, presented by human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I, play a role as initiating mediators of immunogenicity. The latest advancement in the interdisciplinary multiomics approach has rapidly enlightened us about the identity of the "dark matter" of cancer and the associated immunopeptides. In this field, mass spectrometry (MS) is a viable option to select because of the naturally processed and actually presented TSA candidates in order to grasp the whole picture of the immunopeptidome. In the past few years the search space has been enlarged by the multiomics approach, the sensitivity of mass spectrometers has been improved, and deep/machine-learning-supported peptide search algorithms have taken immunopeptidomics to the next level. In this review, along with the introduction of key technical advancements in immunopeptidomics, the potential and further directions of immunopeptidomics will be reviewed from the perspective of cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuriko Minegishi
- Cancer Proteomics Group, Cancer Precision Medicine CenterJapanese Foundation for Cancer ResearchTokyoJapan
| | - Yoshimi Haga
- Cancer Proteomics Group, Cancer Precision Medicine CenterJapanese Foundation for Cancer ResearchTokyoJapan
| | - Koji Ueda
- Cancer Proteomics Group, Cancer Precision Medicine CenterJapanese Foundation for Cancer ResearchTokyoJapan
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3
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Lee MJ, Kim J. The pathophysiology of visceral adipose tissues in cardiometabolic diseases. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 222:116116. [PMID: 38460909 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
Central pattern of fat distribution, especially fat accumulation within the intraabdominal cavity increases risks for cardiometabolic diseases. Portal hypothesis combined with a pathological remodeling in visceral fat is considered the major etiological factor explaining the independent contribution of visceral obesity to cardiometabolic diseases. Excessive remodeling in visceral fat during development of obesity leads to dysfunctions in the depot, characterized by hypertrophy and death of adipocytes, hypoxia, inflammation, and fibrosis. Dysfunctional visceral fat secretes elevated levels of fatty acids, glycerol, and proinflammatory and profibrotic cytokines into the portal vein directly impacting the liver, the central regulator of systemic metabolism. These metabolic and endocrine products induce ectopic fat accumulation, insulin resistance, inflammation, and fibrosis in the liver, which in turn causes or exacerbates systemic metabolic derangements. Elucidation of underlying mechanisms that lead to the pathological remodeling and higher degree of dysfunctions in visceral adipose tissue is therefore, critical for the development of therapeutics to prevent deleterious sequelae in obesity. We review depot differences in metabolic and endocrine properties and expendabilities as well as underlying mechanisms that contribute to the pathophysiological aspects of visceral adiposity in cardiometabolic diseases. We also discuss impacts of different weight loss interventions on visceral adiposity and cardiometabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Jeong Lee
- Department of Human Nutrition, Food and Animal Sciences, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Hawaii 96822, USA.
| | - Jeehoon Kim
- Department of Sociology, Social Work, and Criminology, Idaho State University, Idaho 83209, USA
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4
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Carta G, Murru E, Trinchese G, Cavaliere G, Manca C, Mollica MP, Banni S. Reducing Dietary Polyunsaturated to Saturated Fatty Acids Ratio Improves Lipid and Glucose Metabolism in Obese Zucker Rats. Nutrients 2023; 15:4761. [PMID: 38004155 PMCID: PMC10674282 DOI: 10.3390/nu15224761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated the influence of varying dietary polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA)/saturated fatty acids (SFA) ratios on insulin resistance (IR), fatty acid metabolism, N-acylethanolamine (NAE) bioactive metabolite levels, and mitochondrial function in lean and obese Zucker rats in a model designed to study obesity and IR from overnutrition. We provided diets with 7% fat (w/w), with either a low PUFA/SFA ratio of 0.48, predominantly comprising palmitic acid (PA), (diet-PA), or the standard AIN-93G diet with a high PUFA/SFA ratio of 3.66 (control, diet-C) over eight weeks. In obese rats on diet-PA versus diet-C, there were reductions in plasma triglycerides, cholesterol, glucose, insulin concentrations and improved muscle mitochondrial function, inflammatory markers and increased muscle N-oleoylethanolamine (OEA), a bioactive lipid that modulates lipid metabolism and metabolic flexibility. Elevated palmitic acid levels were found exclusively in obese rats, regardless of their diet, implying an endogenous production through de novo lipogenesis rather than from a dietary origin. In conclusion, a reduced dietary PUFA/SFA ratio positively influenced glucose and lipid metabolism without affecting long-term PA tissue concentrations. This likely occurs due to an increase in OEA biosynthesis, improving metabolic flexibility in obese rats. Our results hint at a pivotal role for balanced dietary PA in countering the effects of overnutrition-induced obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianfranca Carta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy; (E.M.); (C.M.); (S.B.)
| | - Elisabetta Murru
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy; (E.M.); (C.M.); (S.B.)
| | - Giovanna Trinchese
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy; (G.T.); (M.P.M.)
| | - Gina Cavaliere
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, 06126 Perugia, Italy;
| | - Claudia Manca
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy; (E.M.); (C.M.); (S.B.)
| | - Maria Pina Mollica
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy; (G.T.); (M.P.M.)
| | - Sebastiano Banni
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy; (E.M.); (C.M.); (S.B.)
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5
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Göransson O, Kopietz F, Rider MH. Metabolic control by AMPK in white adipose tissue. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2023; 34:704-717. [PMID: 37673765 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2023.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
White adipose tissue (WAT) plays an important role in the integration of whole-body metabolism by storing fat and mobilizing triacylglycerol when needed. The released free fatty acids can then be oxidized by other tissues to provide ATP. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a key regulator of metabolic pathways, and can be targeted by a new generation of direct, small-molecule activators. AMPK activation in WAT inhibits insulin-stimulated lipogenesis and in some situations also inhibits insulin-stimulated glucose uptake, but AMPK-induced inhibition of β-adrenergic agonist-stimulated lipolysis might need to be re-evaluated in vivo. The lack of dramatic effects of AMPK activation on basal metabolism in WAT could be advantageous when treating type 2 diabetes with pharmacological pan-AMPK activators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Göransson
- Lund University, Department of Experimental Medical Science, BMC, 221 84 Lund, Sweden.
| | - Franziska Kopietz
- Lund University, Department of Experimental Medical Science, BMC, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Mark H Rider
- Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain) and de Duve Institute, Avenue Hippocrate 75, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
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6
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Tsuji T, Tseng YH. Adipose tissue-derived lipokines in metabolism. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2023; 81:102089. [PMID: 37473635 PMCID: PMC10528474 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2023.102089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Adipose tissue is a crucial regulator of metabolism with functions that include energy storage and dissipation as well as the secretion of bioactive molecules. As the largest endocrine organ in the body, the adipose tissue produces diverse bioactive molecules, including peptides, metabolites, and extracellular vesicles, which communicate with and modulate the function of other organs. In recent years, lipid metabolites, also known as lipokines, have emerged as key signaling molecules that actively participate in multiple metabolic processes. This review highlights the latest advances in adipose tissue-derived lipokines and their underlying cellular and molecular functions. Furthermore, we offer our perspective on the future directions for adipose-derived bioactive lipids and potential therapeutic implications for obesity and its associated complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadataka Tsuji
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yu-Hua Tseng
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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7
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Gautam J, Kumari D, Aggarwal H, Gupta SK, Kasarla SS, Sarkar S, Priya MRK, Kamboj P, Kumar Y, Dikshit M. Characterization of lipid signatures in the plasma and insulin-sensitive tissues of the C57BL/6J mice fed on obesogenic diets. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2023:159348. [PMID: 37285928 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2023.159348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Diet-induced obesity mouse models are widely utilized to investigate the underlying mechanisms of dyslipidemia, glucose intolerance, insulin resistance, hepatic steatosis, and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), as well as for screening potential drug compounds. However, there is limited knowledge regarding specific signature lipids that accurately reflect dietary disorders. In this study, we aimed to identify key lipid signatures using LC/MS-based untargeted lipidomics in the plasma, liver, adipose tissue (AT), and skeletal muscle tissues (SKM) of male C57BL/6J mice that were fed chow, LFD, or obesogenic diets (HFD, HFHF, and HFCD) for a duration of 20 weeks. Furthermore, we conducted a comprehensive lipid analysis to assess similarities and differences with human lipid profiles. The mice fed obesogenic diets exhibited weight gain, glucose intolerance, elevated BMI, glucose and insulin levels, and a fatty liver, resembling characteristics of T2DM and obesity in humans. In total, we identified approximately 368 lipids in plasma, 433 in the liver, 493 in AT, and 624 in SKM. Glycerolipids displayed distinct patterns across the tissues, differing from human findings. However, changes in sphingolipids, phospholipids, and the expression of inflammatory and fibrotic genes showed similarities to reported human findings. Significantly modulated pathways in the obesogenic diet-fed groups included ceramide de novo synthesis, sphingolipid remodeling, and the carboxylesterase pathway, while lipoprotein-mediated pathways were minimally affected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Gautam
- Non-communicable Disease Centre, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad 121001, Haryana, India
| | - Deepika Kumari
- Non-communicable Disease Centre, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad 121001, Haryana, India
| | - Hobby Aggarwal
- Non-communicable Disease Centre, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad 121001, Haryana, India
| | - Sonu Kumar Gupta
- Non-communicable Disease Centre, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad 121001, Haryana, India
| | - Siva Swapna Kasarla
- Non-communicable Disease Centre, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad 121001, Haryana, India
| | - Soumalya Sarkar
- Non-communicable Disease Centre, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad 121001, Haryana, India
| | - M R Kamla Priya
- Non-communicable Disease Centre, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad 121001, Haryana, India
| | - Parul Kamboj
- Non-communicable Disease Centre, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad 121001, Haryana, India
| | - Yashwant Kumar
- Non-communicable Disease Centre, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad 121001, Haryana, India.
| | - Madhu Dikshit
- Non-communicable Disease Centre, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad 121001, Haryana, India.
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8
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Guilherme A, Rowland LA, Wetoska N, Tsagkaraki E, Santos KB, Bedard AH, Henriques F, Kelly M, Munroe S, Pedersen DJ, Ilkayeva OR, Koves TR, Tauer L, Pan M, Han X, Kim JK, Newgard CB, Muoio DM, Czech MP. Acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 is a suppressor of the adipocyte thermogenic program. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112488. [PMID: 37163372 PMCID: PMC10286105 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Disruption of adipocyte de novo lipogenesis (DNL) by deletion of fatty acid synthase (FASN) in mice induces browning in inguinal white adipose tissue (iWAT). However, adipocyte FASN knockout (KO) increases acetyl-coenzyme A (CoA) and malonyl-CoA in addition to depletion of palmitate. We explore which of these metabolite changes triggers adipose browning by generating eight adipose-selective KO mouse models with loss of ATP-citrate lyase (ACLY), acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 (ACC1), ACC2, malonyl-CoA decarboxylase (MCD) or FASN, or dual KOs ACLY/FASN, ACC1/FASN, and ACC2/FASN. Preventing elevation of acetyl-CoA and malonyl-CoA by depletion of adipocyte ACLY or ACC1 in combination with FASN KO does not block the browning of iWAT. Conversely, elevating malonyl-CoA levels in MCD KO mice does not induce browning. Strikingly, adipose ACC1 KO induces a strong iWAT thermogenic response similar to FASN KO while also blocking malonyl-CoA and palmitate synthesis. Thus, ACC1 and FASN are strong suppressors of adipocyte thermogenesis through promoting lipid synthesis rather than modulating the DNL intermediates acetyl-CoA or malonyl-CoA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adilson Guilherme
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA.
| | - Leslie A Rowland
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Nicole Wetoska
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Emmanouela Tsagkaraki
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Kaltinaitis B Santos
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Alexander H Bedard
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Felipe Henriques
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Mark Kelly
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Sean Munroe
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - David J Pedersen
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Olga R Ilkayeva
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27701, USA; Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27705, USA
| | - Timothy R Koves
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27701, USA; Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27705, USA
| | - Lauren Tauer
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Meixia Pan
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Xianlin Han
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Jason K Kim
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA; Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Christopher B Newgard
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27701, USA; Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27705, USA; Departments of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27705, USA
| | - Deborah M Muoio
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27701, USA; Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27705, USA; Departments of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27705, USA
| | - Michael P Czech
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA.
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Jeon YG, Kim YY, Lee G, Kim JB. Physiological and pathological roles of lipogenesis. Nat Metab 2023; 5:735-759. [PMID: 37142787 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-023-00786-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Lipids are essential metabolites, which function as energy sources, structural components and signalling mediators. Most cells are able to convert carbohydrates into fatty acids, which are often converted into neutral lipids for storage in the form of lipid droplets. Accumulating evidence suggests that lipogenesis plays a crucial role not only in metabolic tissues for systemic energy homoeostasis but also in immune and nervous systems for their proliferation, differentiation and even pathophysiological roles. Thus, excessive or insufficient lipogenesis is closely associated with aberrations in lipid homoeostasis, potentially leading to pathological consequences, such as dyslipidaemia, diabetes, fatty liver, autoimmune diseases, neurodegenerative diseases and cancers. For systemic energy homoeostasis, multiple enzymes involved in lipogenesis are tightly controlled by transcriptional and post-translational modifications. In this Review, we discuss recent findings regarding the regulatory mechanisms, physiological roles and pathological importance of lipogenesis in multiple tissues such as adipose tissue and the liver, as well as the immune and nervous systems. Furthermore, we briefly introduce the therapeutic implications of lipogenesis modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Geun Jeon
- Center for Adipocyte Structure and Function, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ye Young Kim
- Center for Adipocyte Structure and Function, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Gung Lee
- Center for Adipocyte Structure and Function, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jae Bum Kim
- Center for Adipocyte Structure and Function, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.
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10
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Effects of Fatty Acid Metabolites on Adipocytes Britening: Role of Thromboxane A2. Cells 2023; 12:cells12030446. [PMID: 36766790 PMCID: PMC9913700 DOI: 10.3390/cells12030446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a complex disease highly related to diet and lifestyle and is associated with low amount of thermogenic adipocytes. Therapeutics that regulate brown adipocyte recruitment and activity represent interesting strategies to fight overweight and associated comorbidities. Recent studies suggest a role for several fatty acids and their metabolites, called lipokines, in the control of thermogenesis. The purpose of this work was to analyze the role of several lipokines in the control of brown/brite adipocyte formation. We used a validated human adipocyte model, human multipotent adipose-derived stem cell model (hMADS). In the absence of rosiglitazone, hMADS cells differentiate into white adipocytes, but convert into brite adipocytes upon rosiglitazone or prostacyclin 2 (PGI2) treatment. Gene expression was quantified using RT-qPCR and protein levels were assessed by Western blotting. We show here that lipokines such as 12,13-diHOME, 12-HEPE, 15dPGJ2 and 15dPGJ3 were not able to induce browning of white hMADS adipocytes. However, both fatty acid esters of hydroxy fatty acids (FAHFAs), 9-PAHPA and 9-PAHSA potentiated brown key marker UCP1 mRNA levels. Interestingly, CTA2, the stable analog of thromboxane A2 (TXA2), but not its inactive metabolite TXB2, inhibited the rosiglitazone and PGI2-induced browning of hMADS adipocytes. These results pinpoint TXA2 as a lipokine inhibiting brown adipocyte formation that is antagonized by PGI2. Our data open new horizons in the development of potential therapies based on the control of thromboxane A2/prostacyclin balance to combat obesity and associated metabolic disorders.
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Bertoncini-Silva C, Zingg JM, Fassini PG, Suen VMM. Bioactive dietary components-Anti-obesity effects related to energy metabolism and inflammation. Biofactors 2022; 49:297-321. [PMID: 36468445 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is the result of the long-term energy imbalance between the excess calories consumed and the few calories expended. Reducing the intake of energy dense foods (fats, sugars), and strategies such as fasting and caloric restriction can promote body weight loss. Not only energy in terms of calories, but also the specific composition of the diet can affect the way the food is absorbed and how its energy is stored, used or dissipated. Recent research has shown that bioactive components of food, such as polyphenols and vitamins, can influence obesity and its pathologic complications such as insulin resistance, inflammation and metabolic syndrome. Individual micronutrients can influence lipid turnover but for long-term effects on weight stability, dietary patterns containing several micronutrients may be required. At the molecular level, these molecules modulate signaling and the expression of genes that are involved in the regulation of energy intake, lipid metabolism, adipogenesis into white, beige and brown adipose tissue, thermogenesis, lipotoxicity, adipo/cytokine synthesis, and inflammation. Higher concentrations of these molecules can be reached in the intestine, where they can modulate the composition and action of the microbiome. In this review, the molecular mechanisms by which bioactive compounds and vitamins modulate energy metabolism, inflammation and obesity are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Bertoncini-Silva
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nutrology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jean-Marc Zingg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Priscila Giacomo Fassini
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nutrology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vivian Marques Miguel Suen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nutrology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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12
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Approaches to Measuring the Activity of Major Lipolytic and Lipogenic Enzymes In Vitro and Ex Vivo. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911093. [PMID: 36232405 PMCID: PMC9570359 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the 1950s, one of the goals of adipose tissue research has been to determine lipolytic and lipogenic activity as the primary metabolic pathways affecting adipocyte health and size and thus representing potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of obesity and associated diseases. Nowadays, there is a relatively large number of methods to measure the activity of these pathways and involved enzymes, but their applicability to different biological samples is variable. Here, we review the characteristics of mean lipogenic and lipolytic enzymes, their inhibitors, and available methodologies for assessing their activity, and comment on the advantages and disadvantages of these methodologies and their applicability in vivo, ex vivo, and in vitro, i.e., in cells, organs and their respective extracts, with the emphasis on adipocytes and adipose tissue.
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13
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Rychtrmoc D, Staňková P, Kučera O, Červinková Z. Comparison of two anti-diabetic monoestolides regarding effects on intact murine liver tissue. Arch Physiol Biochem 2022; 128:985-992. [PMID: 32208934 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2020.1743322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Monoestolides belonging to the fatty acid-hydroxy fatty acid (FAHFA) family have recently emerged as promising insulin sensitizers. OBJECTIVE To investigate and compare impact of two selected FAHFA isomers, namely 9-hexadecanoyloxy-octadecanoic acid [9-PAHSA] and 9-(9Z-octadecenoyloxy)-octadecanoic acid [9-OAHSA], on intact livers in C57BL/6J mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS Short-term in vivo study with intragastric gavage of 13 mg/kg of substances. Morphological, biochemical and high-resolution respirometric assessment of plasma and liver tissue or homogenates thereof. RESULTS The 9-OAHSA-gavaged mice had the highest final total body weight, the lowest free fatty acid circulating levels and the highest plasma activities of both ALT and AST. No significant changes of ambient glycaemia were found, however 9-PAHSA-gavaged mice tended to have lower glycaemia than other animals. Respirometry proved no substance-dependent differences. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION 9-PAHSA was more metabolically beneficial and less hepatotoxic than 9-OAHSA. Bioenergetic machinery of liver homogenates seemed unaffected at our FAHFA dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Rychtrmoc
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Pavla Staňková
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Otto Kučera
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Červinková
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
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14
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Eichelmann F, Sellem L, Wittenbecher C, Jäger S, Kuxhaus O, Prada M, Cuadrat R, Jackson KG, Lovegrove JA, Schulze MB. Deep Lipidomics in Human Plasma: Cardiometabolic Disease Risk and Effect of Dietary Fat Modulation. Circulation 2022; 146:21-35. [PMID: 35422138 PMCID: PMC9241667 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.121.056805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In blood and tissues, dietary and endogenously generated fatty acids (FAs) occur in free form or as part of complex lipid molecules that collectively represent the lipidome of the respective tissue. We assessed associations of plasma lipids derived from high-resolution lipidomics with incident cardiometabolic diseases and subsequently tested if the identified risk-associated lipids were sensitive to dietary fat modification. METHODS The EPIC Potsdam cohort study (European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition) comprises 27 548 participants recruited within an age range of 35 to 65 years from the general population around Potsdam, Germany. We generated 2 disease-specific case cohorts on the basis of a fixed random subsample (n=1262) and all respective cohort-wide identified incident primary cardiovascular disease (composite of fatal and nonfatal myocardial infarction and stroke; n=551) and type 2 diabetes (n=775) cases. We estimated the associations of baseline plasma concentrations of 282 class-specific FA abundances (calculated from 940 distinct molecular species across 15 lipid classes) with the outcomes in multivariable-adjusted Cox models. We tested the effect of an isoenergetic dietary fat modification on risk-associated lipids in the DIVAS randomized controlled trial (Dietary Intervention and Vascular Function; n=113). Participants consumed either a diet rich in saturated FAs (control), monounsaturated FAs, or a mixture of monounsaturated and n-6 polyunsaturated FAs for 16 weeks. RESULTS Sixty-nine lipids associated (false discovery rate<0.05) with at least 1 outcome (both, 8; only cardiovascular disease, 49; only type 2 diabetes, 12). In brief, several monoacylglycerols and FA16:0 and FA18:0 in diacylglycerols were associated with both outcomes; cholesteryl esters, free fatty acids, and sphingolipids were largely cardiovascular disease specific; and several (glycero)phospholipids were type 2 diabetes specific. In addition, 19 risk-associated lipids were affected (false discovery rate<0.05) by the diets rich in unsaturated dietary FAs compared with the saturated fat diet (17 in a direction consistent with a potential beneficial effect on long-term cardiometabolic risk). For example, the monounsaturated FA-rich diet decreased diacylglycerol(FA16:0) by 0.4 (95% CI, 0.5-0.3) SD units and increased triacylglycerol(FA22:1) by 0.5 (95% CI, 0.4-0.7) SD units. CONCLUSIONS We identified several lipids associated with cardiometabolic disease risk. A subset was beneficially altered by a dietary fat intervention that supports the substitution of dietary saturated FAs with unsaturated FAs as a potential tool for primary disease prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Eichelmann
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal (F.E., C.W., S.J., O.K., M.P., R.C., M.B.S.).,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg (F.E., S.J., O.K., M.P., R.C., M.B.S.)
| | - Laury Sellem
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, and Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Department of Food and Nutritional Science, University of Reading, United Kingdom (L.S., K.G.J., J.A.L.)
| | - Clemens Wittenbecher
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal (F.E., C.W., S.J., O.K., M.P., R.C., M.B.S.).,Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA (C.W.)
| | - Susanne Jäger
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal (F.E., C.W., S.J., O.K., M.P., R.C., M.B.S.).,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg (F.E., S.J., O.K., M.P., R.C., M.B.S.)
| | - Olga Kuxhaus
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal (F.E., C.W., S.J., O.K., M.P., R.C., M.B.S.).,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg (F.E., S.J., O.K., M.P., R.C., M.B.S.)
| | - Marcela Prada
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal (F.E., C.W., S.J., O.K., M.P., R.C., M.B.S.).,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg (F.E., S.J., O.K., M.P., R.C., M.B.S.)
| | - Rafael Cuadrat
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal (F.E., C.W., S.J., O.K., M.P., R.C., M.B.S.).,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg (F.E., S.J., O.K., M.P., R.C., M.B.S.)
| | - Kim G. Jackson
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, and Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Department of Food and Nutritional Science, University of Reading, United Kingdom (L.S., K.G.J., J.A.L.)
| | - Julie A. Lovegrove
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, and Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Department of Food and Nutritional Science, University of Reading, United Kingdom (L.S., K.G.J., J.A.L.)
| | - Matthias B. Schulze
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal (F.E., C.W., S.J., O.K., M.P., R.C., M.B.S.).,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg (F.E., S.J., O.K., M.P., R.C., M.B.S.).,Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Germany (M.B.S.)
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15
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DeVito LM, Dennis EA, Kahn BB, Shulman GI, Witztum JL, Sadhu S, Nickels J, Spite M, Smyth S, Spiegel S. Bioactive lipids and metabolic syndrome-a symposium report. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2022; 1511:87-106. [PMID: 35218041 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Recent research has shed light on the cellular and molecular functions of bioactive lipids that go far beyond what was known about their role as dietary lipids. Bioactive lipids regulate inflammation and its resolution as signaling molecules. Genetic studies have identified key factors that can increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases and metabolic syndrome through their effects on lipogenesis. Lipid scientists have explored how these signaling pathways affect lipid metabolism in the liver, adipose tissue, and macrophages by utilizing a variety of techniques in both humans and animal models, including novel lipidomics approaches and molecular dynamics models. Dissecting out these lipid pathways can help identify mechanisms that can be targeted to prevent or treat cardiometabolic conditions. Continued investigation of the multitude of functions mediated by bioactive lipids may reveal additional components of these pathways that can provide a greater understanding of metabolic homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Barbara B Kahn
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | | | | | - Joseph Nickels
- Genesis Biotechnology Group, Hamilton Township, New Jersey
| | - Matthew Spite
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Susan Smyth
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Sarah Spiegel
- Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia
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16
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Fontanini M, Cabiati M, Giacomarra M, Federico G, Del Ry S. Long non-Coding RNAs and Obesity: New Potential Pathogenic Biomarkers. Curr Pharm Des 2022; 28:1592-1605. [DOI: 10.2174/1381612828666220211153304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
A portion of the human genome is characterized by long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), a class of non-coding RNA longer than 200 nucleotides. Recently, the development of new biomolecular methods, made it possible to delineate the involvement of lncRNAs in the regulation of different biological processes, both physiological and pathological, by acting within the cell with different regulatory mechanisms based on their specific target. To date, obesity is one of the most important health problems spread all over the world, including the child population: the search for new potential early biomarkers could open the doors to novel therapeutic strategies useful to fight the disease early in life and to reduce the risk of obesity-related co-morbidities.
Objective:
This review highlights the lncRNAs involved in obesity, in adipogenesis, and lipid metabolism, particularly in lipogenesis.
Conclusion:
LncRNAs involved in adipogenesis and lipogenesis, being at the cross-road of obesity, should be deeply analysed in this contest, allowing to understand possible causative actions in starting obesity and whether they might be helpful to treat obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Fontanini
- CNR Institute of Clinical Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology laboratory, Via G. Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa Italy
| | - Manuela Cabiati
- CNR Institute of Clinical Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology laboratory, Via G. Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa Italy
| | - Manuel Giacomarra
- CNR Institute of Clinical Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology laboratory, Via G. Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa Italy
| | - Giovanni Federico
- Unit of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Dep. Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Roma n. 67 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Silvia Del Ry
- CNR Institute of Clinical Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology laboratory, Via G. Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa Italy
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17
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Sakers A, De Siqueira MK, Seale P, Villanueva CJ. Adipose-tissue plasticity in health and disease. Cell 2022; 185:419-446. [PMID: 35120662 PMCID: PMC11152570 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 251] [Impact Index Per Article: 125.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Adipose tissue, colloquially known as "fat," is an extraordinarily flexible and heterogeneous organ. While historically viewed as a passive site for energy storage, we now appreciate that adipose tissue regulates many aspects of whole-body physiology, including food intake, maintenance of energy levels, insulin sensitivity, body temperature, and immune responses. A crucial property of adipose tissue is its high degree of plasticity. Physiologic stimuli induce dramatic alterations in adipose-tissue metabolism, structure, and phenotype to meet the needs of the organism. Limitations to this plasticity cause diminished or aberrant responses to physiologic cues and drive the progression of cardiometabolic disease along with other pathological consequences of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Sakers
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity & Metabolism, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Mirian Krystel De Siqueira
- Molecular, Cellular & Integrative Physiology Program, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-7070 USA; Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-7070 USA
| | - Patrick Seale
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity & Metabolism, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA.
| | - Claudio J Villanueva
- Molecular, Cellular & Integrative Physiology Program, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-7070 USA; Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-7070 USA.
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18
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Avilkina V, Chauveau C, Ghali Mhenni O. Sirtuin function and metabolism: Role in pancreas, liver, and adipose tissue and their crosstalk impacting bone homeostasis. Bone 2022; 154:116232. [PMID: 34678494 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2021.116232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian sirtuins (SIRT1-7) are members of the nicotine adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)-dependent family of enzymes critical for histone deacetylation and posttranslational modification of proteins. Sirtuin family members regulate a wide spectrum of biological processes and are best known for maintaining longevity. Sirtuins are well characterized in metabolic tissues such as the pancreas, liver and adipose tissue (AT). They are regulated by a diverse range of stimuli, including nutrients and metabolic changes within the organism. Indeed, nutrient-associated conditions, such as obesity and anorexia nervosa (AN), were found to be associated with bone fragility development in osteoporosis. Interestingly, it has also been demonstrated that sirtuins, more specifically SIRT1, can regulate bone activity. Various studies have demonstrated the importance of sirtuins in bone in the regulation of bone homeostasis and maintenance of the balance between bone resorption and bone formation. However, to understand the molecular mechanisms involved in the negative regulation of bone homeostasis during overnutrition (obesity) or undernutrition, it is crucial to examine a wider picture and to determine the pancreatic, liver and adipose tissue pathway crosstalk responsible for bone loss. Particularly, under AN conditions, sirtuin family members are highly expressed in metabolic tissue, but this phenomenon is reversed in bone, and severe bone loss has been observed in human subjects. AN-associated bone loss may be connected to SIRT1 deficiency; however, additional factors may interfere with bone homeostasis. Thus, in this review, we focus on sirtuin activity in the pancreas, liver and AT in cases of over- and undernutrition, especially the regulation of their secretome by sirtuins. Furthermore, we examine how the secretome of the pancreas, liver and AT affects bone homeostasis, focusing on undernutrition. This review aims to lead to a better understanding of the crosstalk between sirtuins, metabolic organs and bone. In long term prospective it should contribute to promote improvement of therapeutic strategies for the prevention of metabolic diseases and the development of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktorija Avilkina
- Marrow Adiposity and Bone Lab (MABLab) ULR4490, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, F-62200, Boulogne-sur-Mer, Univ. Lille F-59000 Lille, CHU Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Christophe Chauveau
- Marrow Adiposity and Bone Lab (MABLab) ULR4490, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, F-62200, Boulogne-sur-Mer, Univ. Lille F-59000 Lille, CHU Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Olfa Ghali Mhenni
- Marrow Adiposity and Bone Lab (MABLab) ULR4490, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, F-62200, Boulogne-sur-Mer, Univ. Lille F-59000 Lille, CHU Lille, F-59000 Lille, France.
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19
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Handali S, Rezaei M. Arsenic and weight loss: At a crossroad between lipogenesis and lipolysis. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2021; 68:126836. [PMID: 34385035 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2021.126836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Arsenic is found in soil, food, water and earth crust. Arsenic exposure is associated with chronic diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular disease as well as diabetes. One of complex effects of arsenic is on weight gain or loss. Involvement of arsenic in both weight loss and gain signaling pathways has previously been reported; however, too little attention has been paid to its weight reducing effect. Animal studies exhibited a role of arsenic in weight loss. In this regard, arsenic interference with endocrine system, leptin and adiponectin hormones as well as thermogenesis is more evidence. Apparently, arsenic-induced weight lossis generally meditated by its interaction with thermogenesis. In this review we have discussed the irregularities in metabolic pathways induced by arsenic that can lead to weight loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somayeh Handali
- Medical Biomaterial Research Center (MBRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Rezaei
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
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20
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Nadiger N, Devi S, Thomas T, Sivadas A, Raj-Kuriyan R, Govindaraj S, Kurpad AV, Mukhopadhyay A. Protocol for a prospective, observational, deep phenotyping study on adipose epigenetic and lipidomic determinants of metabolic homoeostasis in South Asian Indians: the Indian Diabetes and Metabolic Health (InDiMeT) study. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e043644. [PMID: 33958336 PMCID: PMC8103950 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-043644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We describe the rationale and broad study design of the Indian Diabetes and Metabolic Health (InDiMeT) study, a new prospective, observational study incorporating extensive epigenetic (DNA methylation) and lipidomic signatures to examine their association with the dysregulation of adipose de novo lipogenesis (DNL) in South Asian Indians. The InDiMeT study aims to use a case-control design to identify genetic and modifiable-environmental-lifestyle associated determinants of (1) epigenomic (DNA methylome) dysregulation of adipose DNL in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) adipose tissue, (2) identify correlates of epigenomic (DNA methylome) dysregulation of adipose DNL in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from T2DM subjects and (3) elucidate plasma lipidomic correlates of adipose DNL in T2DM that can be used as biomarkers of adipose tissue dysfunction. METHODS AND ANALYSIS The InDiMeT study will involve recruitment of 176 normoglycaemic and T2DM individuals who will be undergoing laparoscopic surgery for clinical conditions. Extensive phenotyping of the subjects will be conducted and DNA methylome and lipidomic measurements will be made. The adipose DNL pathway genes are likely to be hypermethylated in patients with T2DM with corresponding reduction of gene expression. Correlates of epigenomic (DNA methylome) dysregulation of adipose DNL pathway in PBMCs and their adipose and plasma lipidomic signatures in T2DM subjects could act as early markers of development of T2DM. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION For the InDiMeT study, ethical approval for addressing the specific aims has been obtained from the Institutional Ethics Committee, St John's Medical College and Hospital, St John's National Academy of Health Sciences, Bangalore. Findings from this study will be disseminated through scientific publications in peer-reviewed journals, research conferences and via presentations to stakeholders, patients, clinicians, public and policymakers through appropriate channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikhil Nadiger
- Division of Nutrition, St John's National Academy of Health Sciences, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Sarita Devi
- Division of Nutrition, St John's National Academy of Health Sciences, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Tinku Thomas
- Department of Biostatistics, St. John's Medical College and Hospital, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Ambily Sivadas
- Division of Nutrition, St John's National Academy of Health Sciences, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Rebecca Raj-Kuriyan
- Division of Nutrition, St John's National Academy of Health Sciences, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Sridar Govindaraj
- Department of General Surgery, St John's Medical College and Hospital, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Anura V Kurpad
- Division of Nutrition, St John's National Academy of Health Sciences, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Arpita Mukhopadhyay
- Division of Nutrition, St John's National Academy of Health Sciences, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
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21
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Piras IS, Gerhard GS, DiStefano JK. Palmitate and Fructose Interact to Induce Human Hepatocytes to Produce Pro-Fibrotic Transcriptional Responses in Hepatic Stellate Cells Exposed to Conditioned Media. Cell Physiol Biochem 2021; 54:1068-1082. [PMID: 33095528 PMCID: PMC8265013 DOI: 10.33594/000000288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Excessive consumption of dietary fat and sugar is associated with an elevated risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Hepatocytes exposed to saturated fat or sugar exert effects on nearby hepatic stellate cells (HSCs); however, the mechanisms by which this occurs are poorly understood. We sought to determine whether paracrine effects of hepatocytes exposed to palmitate and fructose produced profibrotic transcriptional responses in HSCs. METHODS We performed expression profiling of mRNA and lncRNA from HSCs treated with conditioned media (CM) from human hepatocytes treated with palmitate (P), fructose (F), or both (PF). RESULTS In HSCs exposed to CM from palmitate-treated hepatocytes, we identified 374 mRNAs and 607 lncRNAs showing significant differential expression (log2 foldchange ≥ |1|; FDR ≤0.05) compared to control cells. In HSCs exposed to CM from PF-treated hepatocytes, the number of differentially expressed genes was much higher (1198 mRNAs and 3348 lncRNAs); however, CM from fructose-treated hepatocytes elicited no significant changes in gene expression. Pathway analysis of differentially expressed genes showed enrichment for hepatic fibrosis and hepatic stellate cell activation in P- (FDR =1.30E-04) and PF-(FDR =9.24E-06)
groups. We observed 71 lncRNA/nearby mRNA pairs showing differential expression under PF conditions. There were 90 mRNAs and 264 lncRNAs strongly correlated between the PF group and differentially expressed transcripts from a comparison of activated and quiescent HSCs, suggesting that some of the transcriptomic changes occurring in response to PF overlap with HSC activation. CONCLUSION The results reported here have implications for dietary modifications in the prevention and treatment of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Glenn S Gerhard
- Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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22
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Manca C, Carta G, Murru E, Abolghasemi A, Ansar H, Errigo A, Cani PD, Banni S, Pes GM. Circulating fatty acids and endocannabinoidome-related mediator profiles associated to human longevity. GeroScience 2021; 43:1783-1798. [PMID: 33650014 PMCID: PMC8492808 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-021-00342-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
To evaluate whether a peculiar plasma profile of fatty acids and endocannabinoidome (eCBome)-related mediators may be associated to longevity, we assessed them in octogenarians (Old; n=42) living in the east-central mountain area of Sardinia, a High-Longevity Zone (HLZ), compared to sexagenarian (Young; n=21) subjects from the same area, and to Olds (n=22) from the Northern Sardinia indicated as Lower-Longevity Zone (LLZ). We found significant increases in conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and heptadecanoic acid (17:0) levels in Old-HLZ with respect to younger subjects and Old-LLZ subjects. Young-HLZ subjects exhibited higher circulating levels of pentadecanoic acid (15:0) and retinol. Palmitoleic acid (POA) was elevated in both Young and Old subjects from the HLZ. eCBome profile showed a significantly increased plasma level of the two endocannabinoids, N-arachidonoyl-ethanolamine (AEA) and 2-arachidonoyl-glycerol (2-AG) in Old-HLZ subjects compared to Young-HLZ and Old-LLZ respectively. In addition, we found increased N-oleoyl-ethanolamine (OEA), 2-linoleoyl-glycerol (2-LG) and 2-oleoyl-glycerol (2-OG) levels in Old-HLZ group with respect to Young-HLZ (as for OEA an d 2-LG) and both the Old-LLZ and Young-HLZ for 2-OG. The endogenous metabolite of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), N-docosahexaenoyl-ethanolamine (DHEA) was significantly increased in Old-HLZ subjects. In conclusion, our results suggest that in the HLZ area, Young and Old subjects exhibited a favourable, albeit distinctive, fatty acids and eCBome profile that may be indicative of a metabolic pattern potentially protective from adverse chronic conditions. These factors could point to a suitable physiological metabolic pattern that may counteract the adverse stimuli leading to age-related disorders such as neurodegenerative and metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Manca
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Physiology, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, CA, Italy
| | - Gianfranca Carta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Physiology, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, CA, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Murru
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Physiology, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, CA, Italy
| | - Armita Abolghasemi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Physiology, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, CA, Italy
| | - Hastimansooreh Ansar
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Physiology, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, CA, Italy
| | - Alessandra Errigo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Patrice D Cani
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.,WELBIO-Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and BIOtechnology, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sebastiano Banni
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Physiology, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, CA, Italy.
| | - Giovanni Mario Pes
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy.,Sardinia Longevity Blue Zone Observatory, Ogliastra, Italy
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23
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Brejchova K, Balas L, Paluchova V, Brezinova M, Durand T, Kuda O. Understanding FAHFAs: From structure to metabolic regulation. Prog Lipid Res 2020; 79:101053. [PMID: 32735891 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2020.101053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of branched fatty acid esters of hydroxy fatty acids (FAHFAs) in humans draw attention of many researches to their biological effects. Although FAHFAs were originally discovered in insects and plants, their introduction into the mammalian realm opened new horizons in bioactive lipid research. Hundreds of isomers from different families have been identified so far and their role in (patho) physiological processes is currently being explored. The family of palmitic acid esters of hydroxy stearic acids (PAHSAs), especially 5-PAHSA and 9-PAHSA regioisomers, stands out in the crowd of other FAHFAs for their anti-inflammatory and anti-diabetic effects. Beneficial effects of PAHSAs have been linked to metabolic disorders such as type 1 and type 2 diabetes, colitis, and chronic inflammation. Besides PAHSAs, a growing family of polyunsaturated FAHFAs exerts mainly immunomodulatory effects and biological roles of many other FAHFAs remain currently unknown. Therefore, FAHFAs represent unique lipid messengers capable of affecting many immunometabolic processes. The objective of this review is to summarize the knowledge concerning the diversity of FAHFAs, nomenclature, and their analysis and detection. Special attention is paid to the total syntheses of FAHFAs, optimal strategies, and to the formation of the stereocenter required for optically active molecules. Biosynthetic pathways of saturated and polyunsaturated FAHFAs in mammals and plants are reviewed together with their metabolism and degradation. Moreover, an overview of biological effects of branched FAHFAs is provided and many unanswered questions regarding FAHFAs are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristyna Brejchova
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Laurence Balas
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, UMR 5247, CNRS, Université Montpellier, ENSCM, Faculté de Pharmacie, Montpellier, France
| | - Veronika Paluchova
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Marie Brezinova
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Thierry Durand
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, UMR 5247, CNRS, Université Montpellier, ENSCM, Faculté de Pharmacie, Montpellier, France
| | - Ondrej Kuda
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic.
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24
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Sievert H, Krause C, Geißler C, Grohs M, El-Gammal AT, Wolter S, Mann O, Lehnert H, Kirchner H. Epigenetic Downregulation of FASN in Visceral Adipose Tissue of Insulin Resistant Subjects. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2020; 129:674-682. [PMID: 32434239 DOI: 10.1055/a-1150-7446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The risk to develop type 2 diabetes increases with the amount of visceral adiposity presumably due to increased lipolysis and subsequent lipid accumulation in visceral organs. However, data describing the molecular regulation of these pathways in humans are rare. We tested if genes of the lipogenic and lipolytic pathways are associated with glucose intolerance independently of obesity in visceral adipose tissue (VAT) of obese subjects. Moreover, we studied DNA methylation of FASN (fatty acid synthase), that catalyses the synthesis of long-chain fatty acids, in VAT of the same subjects and whether it is associated with metabolic traits. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Visceral adipose tissue biopsies and blood samples were taken from 93 severely obese subjects undergoing bariatric surgery. Subjects were grouped in low HbA1c (L-HbA1c, HbA1c<6.5 %) and high HbA1c (H-HbA1c, HbA1c≥6.5 %) groups and expression of genes from the lipogenic and lipolytic pathways was analysed by TaqMan qPCR. DNA methylation of FASN was quantified by bisulfite-pyrosequencing. RESULTS FASN expression was downregulated in visceral fat from subjects with high HbA1c (p = 0.00009). Expression of other lipogenetic (SCD, ELOVL6) or lipolytic genes (ADRB3, PNPLA2) and FABP4 was not changed. DNA methylation of FASN was increased at a regulatory ChoRE recognition site in the H-HbA1c-subgroup and correlated negatively with FASN mRNA (r = - 0.302, p = 0.0034) and positively with HbA1c (r = 0.296, p = 0.0040) and blood glucose (r = 0.363, p = 0.0005). CONCLUSIONS Epigenetic downregulation of FASN in visceral adipose tissue of obese subjects might contribute to limited de novo lipogenesis of important insulin sensitizing fatty acids and could thereby contribute to glucose intolerance and the development of type 2 diabetes independently of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Sievert
- First Medical Department, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Christin Krause
- First Medical Department, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | | | - Martina Grohs
- First Medical Department, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Alexander T El-Gammal
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Wolter
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Oliver Mann
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hendrik Lehnert
- First Medical Department, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,German Diabetes Center (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Henriette Kirchner
- First Medical Department, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,German Diabetes Center (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
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25
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Harris DA, Mina A, Cabarkapa D, Heshmati K, Subramaniam R, Banks AS, Tavakkoli A, Sheu EG. Sleeve gastrectomy enhances glucose utilization and remodels adipose tissue independent of weight loss. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2020; 318:E678-E688. [PMID: 32069072 PMCID: PMC7395476 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00441.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Sleeve gastrectomy (SG) induces weight loss-independent improvements in glucose homeostasis by unknown mechanisms. We sought to identify the metabolic adaptations responsible for these improvements. Nonobese C57BL/6J mice on standard chow underwent SG or sham surgery. Functional testing and indirect calorimetry were used to capture metabolic phenotypes. Tissue-specific glucose uptake was assessed by 18-fluorodeoxyglucose (18-FDG) PET/computed tomography, and RNA sequencing was used for gene-expression analysis. In this model, SG induced durable improvements in glucose tolerance in the absence of changes in weight, body composition, or food intake. Indirect calorimetry revealed that SG increased the average respiratory exchange ratio toward 1.0, indicating a weight-independent, systemic shift to carbohydrate utilization. Following SG, orally administered 18-FDG preferentially localized to white adipose depots, showing tissue-specific increases in glucose utilization induced by surgery. Transcriptional analysis with RNA sequencing demonstrated that increased glucose uptake in the visceral adipose tissue was associated with upregulation in transcriptional pathways involved in energy metabolism, adipocyte maturation, and adaptive and innate immune cell chemotaxis and differentiation. SG induces a rapid, weight loss-independent shift toward glucose utilization and transcriptional remodeling of metabolic and immune pathways in visceral adipose tissue. Continued study of this early post-SG physiology may lead to a better understanding of the anti-diabetic mechanisms of bariatric surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Harris
- Laboratory for Surgical and Metabolic Research, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Amir Mina
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Dimitrije Cabarkapa
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Keyvan Heshmati
- Laboratory for Surgical and Metabolic Research, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Renuka Subramaniam
- Laboratory for Surgical and Metabolic Research, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Alexander S Banks
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ali Tavakkoli
- Laboratory for Surgical and Metabolic Research, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Eric G Sheu
- Laboratory for Surgical and Metabolic Research, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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26
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Paluchova V, Oseeva M, Brezinova M, Cajka T, Bardova K, Adamcova K, Zacek P, Brejchova K, Balas L, Chodounska H, Kudova E, Schreiber R, Zechner R, Durand T, Rossmeisl M, Abumrad NA, Kopecky J, Kuda O. Lipokine 5-PAHSA Is Regulated by Adipose Triglyceride Lipase and Primes Adipocytes for De Novo Lipogenesis in Mice. Diabetes 2020; 69:300-312. [PMID: 31806624 PMCID: PMC7118252 DOI: 10.2337/db19-0494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Branched esters of palmitic acid and hydroxystearic acid (PAHSA) are anti-inflammatory and antidiabetic lipokines that connect glucose and lipid metabolism. We aimed to characterize involvement of the 5-PAHSA regioisomer in the adaptive metabolic response of white adipose tissue (WAT) to cold exposure (CE) in mice, exploring the cross talk between glucose utilization and lipid metabolism. CE promoted local production of 5- and 9-PAHSAs in WAT. Metabolic labeling of de novo lipogenesis (DNL) using 2H2O revealed that 5-PAHSA potentiated the effects of CE and stimulated triacylglycerol (TAG)/fatty acid (FA) cycling in WAT through impacting lipogenesis and lipolysis. Adipocyte lipolytic products were altered by 5-PAHSA through selective FA re-esterification. The impaired lipolysis in global adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) knockout mice reduced free PAHSA levels and uncovered a metabolite reservoir of TAG-bound PAHSAs (TAG estolides) in WAT. Utilization of 13C isotope tracers and dynamic metabolomics documented that 5-PAHSA primes adipocytes for glucose metabolism in a different way from insulin, promoting DNL and impeding TAG synthesis. In summary, our data reveal new cellular and physiological mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of 5-PAHSA and its relation to insulin action in adipocytes and independently confirm a PAHSA metabolite reservoir linked to ATGL-mediated lipolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Paluchova
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Marina Oseeva
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Marie Brezinova
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Cajka
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Kristina Bardova
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Katerina Adamcova
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Zacek
- Proteomics Core Facility, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Division BIOCEV, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Kristyna Brejchova
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Laurence Balas
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, UMR 5247, CNRS, Université Montpellier, and Faculté de Pharmacie, ENSCM, Montpellier, France
| | - Hana Chodounska
- Neurosteroids, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Kudova
- Neurosteroids, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Renate Schreiber
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Rudolf Zechner
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Thierry Durand
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, UMR 5247, CNRS, Université Montpellier, and Faculté de Pharmacie, ENSCM, Montpellier, France
| | - Martin Rossmeisl
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Nada A Abumrad
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Jan Kopecky
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Kuda
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
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27
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Short-Term Caloric Restriction Attenuates Obesity-Induced Pro-Inflammatory Response in Male Rhesus Macaques. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12020511. [PMID: 32085416 PMCID: PMC7071433 DOI: 10.3390/nu12020511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
White adipose tissue (WAT) hypertrophy is an essential hallmark of obesity and is associated with the activation of resident immune cells. While the benefits of caloric restriction (CR) on health span are generally accepted, its effects on WAT physiology are not well understood. We previously demonstrated that short-term CR reverses obesity in male rhesus macaques exposed to a high-fat Western-style diet (WSD). Here, we analyzed subcutaneous WAT biopsies collected from this cohort of animals before and after WSD and following CR. This analysis showed that WSD induced adipocyte hypertrophy and inhibited β-adrenergic-simulated lipolysis. CR reversed adipocyte hypertrophy, but WAT remained insensitive to β-adrenergic agonist stimulation. Whole-genome transcriptional analysis revealed that β3-adrenergic receptor and de novo lipogenesis genes were downregulated by WSD and remained downregulated after CR. In contrast, WSD-induced pro-inflammatory gene expression was effectively reversed by CR. Furthermore, peripheral blood monocytes isolated during the CR period exhibited a significant reduction in the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines compared to those obtained after WSD. Collectively, this study demonstrates that short-term CR eliminates an obesity-induced pro-inflammatory response in WAT and peripheral monocytes.
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28
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Brezinova M, Cajka T, Oseeva M, Stepan M, Dadova K, Rossmeislova L, Matous M, Siklova M, Rossmeisl M, Kuda O. Exercise training induces insulin-sensitizing PAHSAs in adipose tissue of elderly women. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2020; 1865:158576. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2019.158576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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29
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Saxton SN, Clark BJ, Withers SB, Eringa EC, Heagerty AM. Mechanistic Links Between Obesity, Diabetes, and Blood Pressure: Role of Perivascular Adipose Tissue. Physiol Rev 2019; 99:1701-1763. [PMID: 31339053 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00034.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is increasingly prevalent and is associated with substantial cardiovascular risk. Adipose tissue distribution and morphology play a key role in determining the degree of adverse effects, and a key factor in the disease process appears to be the inflammatory cell population in adipose tissue. Healthy adipose tissue secretes a number of vasoactive adipokines and anti-inflammatory cytokines, and changes to this secretory profile will contribute to pathogenesis in obesity. In this review, we discuss the links between adipokine dysregulation and the development of hypertension and diabetes and explore the potential for manipulating adipose tissue morphology and its immune cell population to improve cardiovascular health in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie N Saxton
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; School of Environment and Life Sciences, University of Salford, Salford, United Kingdom; and Department of Physiology, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ben J Clark
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; School of Environment and Life Sciences, University of Salford, Salford, United Kingdom; and Department of Physiology, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Sarah B Withers
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; School of Environment and Life Sciences, University of Salford, Salford, United Kingdom; and Department of Physiology, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Etto C Eringa
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; School of Environment and Life Sciences, University of Salford, Salford, United Kingdom; and Department of Physiology, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Anthony M Heagerty
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; School of Environment and Life Sciences, University of Salford, Salford, United Kingdom; and Department of Physiology, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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30
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Hernández-Saavedra D, Stanford KI. The Regulation of Lipokines by Environmental Factors. Nutrients 2019; 11:E2422. [PMID: 31614481 PMCID: PMC6835582 DOI: 10.3390/nu11102422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 10/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue is a highly metabolically-active tissue that senses and secretes hormonal and lipid mediators that facilitate adaptations to metabolic tissues. In recent years, the role of lipokines, which are lipid species predominantly secreted from adipose tissue that act as hormonal regulators in many metabolic tissues, has been an important area of research for obesity and diabetes. Previous studies have identified that these secreted lipids, including palmitoleate, 12,13-diHOME, and fatty acid-hydroxy-fatty acids (FAHFA) species, are important regulators of metabolism. Moreover, environmental factors that directly affect the secretion of lipokines such as diet, exercise, and exposure to cold temperatures constitute attractive therapeutic strategies, but the mechanisms that regulate lipokine stimulation have not been thoroughly reviewed. In this study, we will discuss the chemical characteristics of lipokines that position them as attractive targets for chronic disease treatment and prevention and the emerging roles of lipokines as regulators of inter-tissue communication. We will define the target tissues of lipokines, and explore the ability of lipokines to prevent or delay the onset and development of chronic diseases. Comprehensive understanding of the lipokine synthesis and lipokine-driven regulation of metabolic outcomes is instrumental for developing novel preventative and therapeutic strategies that harness adipose tissue-derived lipokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Hernández-Saavedra
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| | - Kristin I Stanford
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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31
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Funcke JB, Scherer PE. Beyond adiponectin and leptin: adipose tissue-derived mediators of inter-organ communication. J Lipid Res 2019; 60:1648-1684. [PMID: 31209153 PMCID: PMC6795086 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.r094060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The breakthrough discoveries of leptin and adiponectin more than two decades ago led to a widespread recognition of adipose tissue as an endocrine organ. Many more adipose tissue-secreted signaling mediators (adipokines) have been identified since then, and much has been learned about how adipose tissue communicates with other organs of the body to maintain systemic homeostasis. Beyond proteins, additional factors, such as lipids, metabolites, noncoding RNAs, and extracellular vesicles (EVs), released by adipose tissue participate in this process. Here, we review the diverse signaling mediators and mechanisms adipose tissue utilizes to relay information to other organs. We discuss recently identified adipokines (proteins, lipids, and metabolites) and briefly outline the contributions of noncoding RNAs and EVs to the ever-increasing complexities of adipose tissue inter-organ communication. We conclude by reflecting on central aspects of adipokine biology, namely, the contribution of distinct adipose tissue depots and cell types to adipokine secretion, the phenomenon of adipokine resistance, and the capacity of adipose tissue to act both as a source and sink of signaling mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan-Bernd Funcke
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Philipp E Scherer
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
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32
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Cimen I, Yildirim Z, Dogan AE, Yildirim AD, Tufanli O, Onat UI, Nguyen U, Watkins SM, Weber C, Erbay E. Double bond configuration of palmitoleate is critical for atheroprotection. Mol Metab 2019; 28:58-72. [PMID: 31422082 PMCID: PMC6822256 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2019.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Saturated and trans fat consumption is associated with increased cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Current dietary guidelines recommend low fat and significantly reduced trans fat intake. Full fat dairy can worsen dyslipidemia, but recent epidemiological studies show full-fat dairy consumption may reduce diabetes and CVD risk. This dairy paradox prompted a reassessment of the dietary guidelines. The beneficial metabolic effects in dairy have been claimed for a ruminant-derived, trans fatty acid, trans-C16:1n-7 or trans-palmitoleate (trans-PAO). A close relative, cis-PAO, is produced by de novo lipogenesis and mediates inter-organ crosstalk, improving insulin-sensitivity and alleviating atherosclerosis in mice. These findings suggest trans-PAO may be a useful substitute for full fat dairy, but a metabolic function for trans-PAO has not been shown to date. METHODS Using lipidomics, we directly investigated trans-PAO's impact on plasma and tissue lipid profiles in a hypercholesterolemic atherosclerosis mouse model. Furthermore, we investigated trans-PAO's impact on hyperlipidemia-induced inflammation and atherosclerosis progression in these mice. RESULTS Oral trans-PAO supplementation led to significant incorporation of trans-PAO into major lipid species in plasma and tissues. Unlike cis-PAO, however, trans-PAO did not prevent organelle stress and inflammation in macrophages or atherosclerosis progression in mice. CONCLUSIONS A significant, inverse correlation between circulating trans-PAO levels and diabetes incidence and cardiovascular mortality has been reported. Our findings show that trans-PAO can incorporate efficiently into the same pools that its cis counterpart is known to incorporate into. However, we found trans-PAO's anti-inflammatory and anti-atherosclerotic effects are muted due to its different structure from cis-PAO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismail Cimen
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, LMU Munich, German Cardiovascular Research Centre (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance Munich, 80336, Germany
| | - Zehra Yildirim
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Bilkent University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey; National Nanotechnology Center, Bilkent University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA; Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Asli Ekin Dogan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Bilkent University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey; National Nanotechnology Center, Bilkent University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA; Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Asli Dilber Yildirim
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Bilkent University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey; National Nanotechnology Center, Bilkent University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA; Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Ozlem Tufanli
- New York University, Lagone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Umut Inci Onat
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Bilkent University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey; National Nanotechnology Center, Bilkent University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey
| | | | | | - Christian Weber
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, LMU Munich, German Cardiovascular Research Centre (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance Munich, 80336, Germany; Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Ebru Erbay
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Bilkent University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey; National Nanotechnology Center, Bilkent University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA; Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA; David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
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33
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Knebel B, Fahlbusch P, Poschmann G, Dille M, Wahlers N, Stühler K, Hartwig S, Lehr S, Schiller M, Jacob S, Kettel U, Müller-Wieland D, Kotzka J. Adipokinome Signatures in Obese Mouse Models Reflect Adipose Tissue Health and Are Associated with Serum Lipid Composition. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20102559. [PMID: 31137678 PMCID: PMC6567124 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20102559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipocyte and hepatic lipid metabolism govern whole-body metabolic homeostasis, whereas a disbalance of de novo lipogenesis (DNL) in fat and liver might lead to obesity, with severe co-morbidities. Nevertheless, some obese people are metabolically healthy, but the “protective” mechanisms are not yet known in detail. Especially, the adipocyte-derived molecular mediators that indicate adipose functionality are poorly understood. We studied transgenic mice (alb-SREBP-1c) with a “healthy” obese phenotype, and obob mice with hyperphagia-induced “sick” obesity to analyze the impact of the tissue-specific DNL on the secreted proteins, i.e., the adipokinome, of the primary adipose cells by label-free proteomics. Compared to the control mice, adipose DNL is reduced in both obese mouse models. In contrast, the hepatic DNL is reduced in obob but elevated in alb-SREBP-1c mice. To investigate the relationship between lipid metabolism and adipokinomes, we formulated the “liver-to-adipose-tissue DNL” ratio. Knowledge-based analyses of these results revealed adipocyte functionality with proteins, which was involved in tissue remodeling or metabolism in the alb-SREBP-1c mice and in the control mice, but mainly in fibrosis in the obob mice. The adipokinome in “healthy” obesity is similar to that in a normal condition, but it differs from that in “sick” obesity, whereas the serum lipid patterns reflect the “liver-to-adipose-tissue DNL” ratio and are associated with the adipokinome signature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birgit Knebel
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, German Diabetes Center at the Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research; 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany.
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Partner Duesseldorf, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany.
| | - Pia Fahlbusch
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, German Diabetes Center at the Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research; 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany.
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Partner Duesseldorf, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany.
| | - Gereon Poschmann
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Hospital Duesseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany.
| | - Matthias Dille
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, German Diabetes Center at the Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research; 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany.
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Partner Duesseldorf, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany.
| | - Natalie Wahlers
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, German Diabetes Center at the Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research; 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany.
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Partner Duesseldorf, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany.
| | - Kai Stühler
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Hospital Duesseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany.
- Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Molecular Proteomics Laboratory, BMFZ, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany.
| | - Sonja Hartwig
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, German Diabetes Center at the Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research; 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany.
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Partner Duesseldorf, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany.
| | - Stefan Lehr
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, German Diabetes Center at the Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research; 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany.
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Partner Duesseldorf, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany.
| | - Martina Schiller
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, German Diabetes Center at the Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research; 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany.
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Partner Duesseldorf, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany.
| | - Sylvia Jacob
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, German Diabetes Center at the Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research; 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany.
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Partner Duesseldorf, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany.
| | - Ulrike Kettel
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, German Diabetes Center at the Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research; 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany.
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Partner Duesseldorf, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany.
| | - Dirk Müller-Wieland
- Clinical Research Centre, Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Jörg Kotzka
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, German Diabetes Center at the Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research; 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany.
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Partner Duesseldorf, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany.
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Karsono AH, Tandrasasmita OM, Tjandrawinata RR. Bioactive fraction from Lagerstroemia speciosa leaves (DLBS3733) reduces fat droplet by inhibiting adipogenesis and lipogenesis. J Exp Pharmacol 2019; 11:39-51. [PMID: 31118835 PMCID: PMC6507403 DOI: 10.2147/jep.s181642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Obesity has become a risk factor for metabolic diseases. One of the cellular characteristics of obesity is the occurrence of adipose cells hyperplasia. Lagerstroemia speciosa is a plant which has been used for the treatment of diabetes. Furthermore, some studies also indicated that L. speciosa possesses antiobesity activity. Its antiobesity activity was examined in the present study through adipogenesis, lipogenesis, and lipolysis pathways. Aim: DLBS3733, a bioactive fraction of L. speciosa, was explored for its potential benefits to alter obesity through adipogenesis and lipogenesis inhibition and lipolysis induction activity. Materials and methods: This study was performed using 3T3-L1 cells. mRNA level and protein expressions related to adipogenesis, lipogenesis, and lipolysis pathways were assayed in this study. Results: Antiadipogenic effects of DLBS3733 (15 µg/mL) were found to be mediated by a significant downregulation of mRNA level of multicomponents involved in adipogenesis which include C/EBPα (CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha) and PPAR-γ (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma) by 75% and 80.1% (p<0.05), respectively. DLBS3733 was found to inhibit lipogenesis, as shown by the significant reductions of adiponectin excretion and mRNA level of fatty acid synthase, SREBP (sterol regulatory element-binding protein), and ACC-β (Acetyl-CoA carboxylase) by 44.7%, 70.9%, and 83.1%, respectively (p<0.05). In addition, DLBS3733 was found to inhibit fat droplets accumulation in the cells in a dose-dependent manner through Oil-Red O staining. pAMPK protein was upregulated by 75% and ACC-β was downregulated by 88% (p<0.05) which indicates the reduction of lipid synthesis. Meanwhile, DLBS3733 showed an insignificant effect on adipose triglyceride lipase, hormone-sensitive lipase, and carnitine palmitoyl-CoA transferase-1 which indicate that DLBS3733 does not induce lipolysis. Conclusion: These results demonstrate the inhibitory activity of DLBS3733 on adipogenesis and lipogenesis. DLBS3733 may provide an effective and potential benefit in the prevention of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agung Heru Karsono
- Section of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Research Innovation and Invention, Dexa Laboratories of Biomolecular Sciences, Dexa Medica, Cikarang, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Olivia Mayasari Tandrasasmita
- Section of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Research Innovation and Invention, Dexa Laboratories of Biomolecular Sciences, Dexa Medica, Cikarang, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Raymond Rubianto Tjandrawinata
- Section of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Research Innovation and Invention, Dexa Laboratories of Biomolecular Sciences, Dexa Medica, Cikarang, West Java, Indonesia
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González-Granillo M, Helguero LA, Alves E, Archer A, Savva C, Pedrelli M, Ahmed O, Li X, Domingues MR, Parini P, Gustafsson JÅ, Korach-André M. Sex-specific lipid molecular signatures in obesity-associated metabolic dysfunctions revealed by lipidomic characterization in ob/ob mouse. Biol Sex Differ 2019; 10:11. [PMID: 30808418 PMCID: PMC6390380 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-019-0225-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The response to overfeeding is sex dependent, and metabolic syndrome is more likely associated to obesity in men or postmenopausal women than in young fertile women. We hypothesized that obesity-induced metabolic syndrome is sex dependent due to a sex-specific regulation of the fatty acid (FA) synthesis pathways in liver and white adipose depots. We aimed to identify distinctive molecular signatures between sexes using a lipidomics approach to characterize lipid species in liver, perigonadal adipose tissue, and inguinal adipose tissue and correlate them to the physiopathological responses observed. Males had less total fat but lower subcutaneous on visceral fat ratio together with higher liver weight and higher liver and serum triglyceride (TG) levels. Males were insulin resistant compared to females. Fatty acid (FA) and TG profiles differed between sexes in both fat pads, with longer chain FAs and TGs in males compared to that in females. Remarkably, hepatic phospholipid composition was sex dependent with more abundant lipotoxic FAs in males than in females. This may contribute to the sexual dimorphism in response to obesity towards more metaflammation in males. Our work presents an exhaustive novel description of a sex-specific lipid signature in the pathophysiology of metabolic disorders associated with obesity in ob/ob mice. These data could settle the basis for future pharmacological treatment in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela González-Granillo
- Department of Medicine, Metabolism and Molecular Nutrition Unit, Center for Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Karolinska Institutet, S-141 86, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet/AstraZeneca Integrated Cardio Metabolic Center, Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, C2-94, S-141 86, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Luisa A Helguero
- Department of Medical Sciences, Institute for Biomedicine, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Eliana Alves
- Mass spectrometry Centre, Department of Chemistry (QOPNA, CESAM & ECOMARE), University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Amena Archer
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Center for Innovative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden.,Department of Proteomics, Science for Life Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, KTH, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christina Savva
- Department of Medicine, Metabolism and Molecular Nutrition Unit, Center for Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Karolinska Institutet, S-141 86, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet/AstraZeneca Integrated Cardio Metabolic Center, Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, C2-94, S-141 86, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Matteo Pedrelli
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Center for Innovative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden.,Division of Clinical Chemistry, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Osman Ahmed
- Division of Clinical Chemistry, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Xidan Li
- Department of Medicine, Metabolism and Molecular Nutrition Unit, Center for Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Karolinska Institutet, S-141 86, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet/AstraZeneca Integrated Cardio Metabolic Center, Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, C2-94, S-141 86, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maria Rosário Domingues
- Mass spectrometry Centre, Department of Chemistry (QOPNA, CESAM & ECOMARE), University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Paolo Parini
- Division of Clinical Chemistry, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Jan-Åke Gustafsson
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Center for Innovative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden.,Department of Biology and Biochemistry, Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signalling, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Marion Korach-André
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Center for Innovative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden. .,Department of Medicine, Metabolism and Molecular Nutrition Unit, Center for Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Karolinska Institutet, S-141 86, Stockholm, Sweden. .,Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet/AstraZeneca Integrated Cardio Metabolic Center, Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, C2-94, S-141 86, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Bódis K, Roden M. Energy metabolism of white adipose tissue and insulin resistance in humans. Eur J Clin Invest 2018; 48:e13017. [PMID: 30107041 DOI: 10.1111/eci.13017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Revised: 07/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insulin resistance not only occurs in obesity, but also in lipodystrophy. Although adipose tissue mass affects metabolic fluxes and participates in interorgan crosstalk, the role of energy metabolism within white adipose tissue for insulin resistance is less clear. MATERIALS AND METHODS A Medline search identified in vivo studies in humans on energy and lipid metabolism in subcutaneous (SAT) and visceral adipose tissue (VAT). Studies in adipocyte cultures and transgenic animal models were included for the better understanding of the link between abnormal energy metabolism in adipose tissue and insulin resistance. RESULTS The current literature indicates that higher lipolysis and lower lipogenesis in VAT compared to SAT enhance portal delivery of lipid metabolites (glycerol and fatty acids) to the liver. Thus, the lower lipolysis and higher lipogenesis in SAT favour storage of excess lipids and allow for protection of insulin-sensitive tissues from lipotoxic effects. In insulin-resistant humans, enhanced lipolysis and impaired lipogenesis in adipose tissue lead to release of cytokines and lipid metabolites, ultimately promoting insulin resistance. Adipose tissue of insulin-resistant humans also displays lower expression of proteins involved in mitochondrial function. In turn, this leads to lower availability of mitochondria-derived energy sources for lipogenesis in adipose tissue. CONCLUSIONS Abnormal mitochondrial function in human white adipose tissue likely contributes to the secretion of lipid metabolites and lactate, which are linked to insulin resistance in peripheral tissues. However, the relevance of adipose tissue energy metabolism for the regulation of human insulin sensitivity remains to be further elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kálmán Bódis
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany.,Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Michael Roden
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany.,Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
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Elevated Carbohydrate Response Element-Binding Protein Beta (ChREBPβ) and Thioredoxin Interacting Protein (TXNIP) Levels in Human Adipocytes Differentiated in High Glucose Concentrations. Can J Diabetes 2018; 43:215-220. [PMID: 30551936 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcjd.2018.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Obesity and type 2 diabetes often coexist. The effect of hyperglycemia on adipose tissue is, therefore, of interest. Although studies have shown that high glucose (HG) concentrations do not inhibit adipocyte differentiation, the resulting adipocyte phenotype has not been investigated. In particular, the levels of the glucose-responsive transcription factor carbohydrate-responsive response element binding protein (ChREBP) isoforms have not been assessed. METHODS Human preadipocytes were differentiated into adipocytes in either normal glucose (NG) or HG conditions. RNA and protein analyses were used to measure the expression of ChREBP isoforms, thioredoxin interacting protein (TXNIP) and lipogenic genes. Insulin-stimulated glucose uptake was measured. RESULTS HG- vs. NG-differentiated adipocytes expressed more ChREBPβ and more TXNIP at the mRNA and protein levels. There was no change in lipogenic gene expression. HG- vs. NG-differentiated adipocytes displayed an inhibition of insulin-stimulated glucose uptake. CONCLUSIONS HG-differentiated human adipocytes have distinct molecular differences and are insulin resistant. More studies are warranted to investigate potential mechanisms linking changes in ChREBPβ and TXNIP to insulin responsiveness.
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Guilherme A, Pedersen DJ, Henriques F, Bedard AH, Henchey E, Kelly M, Morgan DA, Rahmouni K, Czech MP. Neuronal modulation of brown adipose activity through perturbation of white adipocyte lipogenesis. Mol Metab 2018; 16:116-125. [PMID: 30005879 PMCID: PMC6157614 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2018.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Revised: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Crosstalk between adipocytes and local neurons may be an important regulatory mechanism to control energy homeostasis. We previously reported that perturbation of adipocyte de novo lipogenesis (DNL) by deletion of fatty acid synthase (FASN) expands sympathetic neurons within white adipose tissue (WAT) and stimulates the appearance of "beige" adipocytes. Here we tested whether WAT DNL activity can also influence neuronal regulation and thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue (BAT). METHODS AND RESULTS Induced deletion of FASN in all adipocytes in mature mice (iAdFASNKO) enhanced sympathetic innervation and neuronal activity as well as UCP1 expression in both WAT and BAT. This increased sympathetic innervation could be observed at both 22 °C and 30 °C, indicating it is not a response to heat loss but rather adipocyte signaling. In contrast, selective ablation of FASN in brown adipocytes of mice (iUCP1FASNKO) failed to modulate sympathetic innervation and the thermogenic program in BAT. Surprisingly, DNL in brown adipocytes was also dispensable in maintaining euthermia when UCP1FASNKO mice were cold-exposed. CONCLUSION These results indicate that DNL in white adipocytes influences long distance signaling to BAT, which can modify BAT sympathetic innervation and expression of genes involved in thermogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adilson Guilherme
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - David J Pedersen
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Felipe Henriques
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Alexander H Bedard
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Elizabeth Henchey
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Mark Kelly
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Donald A Morgan
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Kamal Rahmouni
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Michael P Czech
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA.
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Song Z, Xiaoli AM, Yang F. Regulation and Metabolic Significance of De Novo Lipogenesis in Adipose Tissues. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10101383. [PMID: 30274245 PMCID: PMC6213738 DOI: 10.3390/nu10101383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 227] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
De novo lipogenesis (DNL) is a complex and highly regulated process in which carbohydrates from circulation are converted into fatty acids that are then used for synthesizing either triglycerides or other lipid molecules. Dysregulation of DNL contributes to human diseases such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases. Thus, the lipogenic pathway may provide a new therapeutic opportunity for combating various pathological conditions that are associated with dysregulated lipid metabolism. Hepatic DNL has been well documented, but lipogenesis in adipocytes and its contribution to energy homeostasis and insulin sensitivity are less studied. Recent reports have gained significant insights into the signaling pathways that regulate lipogenic transcription factors and the role of DNL in adipose tissues. In this review, we will update the current knowledge of DNL in white and brown adipose tissues with the focus on transcriptional, post-translational, and central regulation of DNL. We will also summarize the recent findings of adipocyte DNL as a source of some signaling molecules that critically regulate energy metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyi Song
- Departments of Medicine and Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.
| | - Alus M Xiaoli
- Departments of Medicine and Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.
| | - Fajun Yang
- Departments of Medicine and Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.
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Plasma lipid profiling of tissue-specific insulin resistance in human obesity. Int J Obes (Lond) 2018; 43:989-998. [PMID: 30242234 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-018-0189-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Obesity-associated insulin resistance (IR) may develop in multiple organs, representing different aetiologies towards cardiometabolic diseases. This study aimed to identify distinct plasma lipid profiles in overweight/obese individuals who show muscle-IR and/or liver-IR. SUBJECTS/METHODS Baseline data of the European multicenter DiOGenes project were used (n = 640; 401 women, nondiabetic BMI: 27-45 kg/m2). Muscle insulin sensitivity index (MISI) and hepatic insulin resistance index (HIRI) were derived from a 5-point oral glucose tolerance test. The 140 plasma lipids were quantified by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Linear mixed models were used to evaluate associations between MISI, HIRI and plasma lipids. RESULTS MISI was comparable between sexes while HIRI and triacylglycerol (TAG) levels were lower in women than in men. MISI was associated with higher lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) levels (standardized (std)β = 0.126; FDR-p = 0.032). Sex interactions were observed for associations between HIRI, TAG and diacylglycerol (DAG) lipid classes. In women, but not in men, HIRI was associated with higher levels of TAG (44 out of 55 species) and both DAG species (stdβ: 0.139-0.313; FDR-p < 0.05), a lower odd-chain/even-chain TAG ratio (stdβ = -0.182; FDR-p = 0.005) and a lower very-long-chain/long-chain TAG ratio (stdβ = -0.156; FDR-p = 0.037). CONCLUSIONS In overweight/obese individuals, muscle insulin sensitivity is associated with higher plasma LPC concentrations. Women have less hepatic IR and lower TAG than men. Nevertheless, hepatic IR is associated with higher plasma TAG and DAG concentrations and a lower abundance of odd-chain and very-long-chain TAG in women, but not in men. This suggests a more pronounced worsening of plasma lipid profile in women with the progression of hepatic IR.
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Yu EA, Hu PJ, Mehta S. Plasma fatty acids in de novo lipogenesis pathway are associated with diabetogenic indicators among adults: NHANES 2003-2004. Am J Clin Nutr 2018; 108:622-632. [PMID: 30535092 PMCID: PMC6915820 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqy165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Insulin regulates fatty acids (FAs) in the blood; conversely, FAs may mediate insulin sensitivity and are potentially modifiable risk factors of the diabetogenic state. Objective The objective of our study was to examine the associations between plasma concentrations of FAs, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) among individuals (n = 1433) in the NHANES (2003-2004). Design Plasma concentrations of 24 individual FAs were considered individually and in subgroups, per chemical structure. Study participants were categorized in diabetogenic groups: Group 1 (HbA1c ≥6.5% or FPG ≥126 mg/dL), Group 2 (HbA1c 5.7% to <6.5% or FPG 100 to <126 mg/dL), and Group 3 (HbA1c <5.7% and FPG <100 mg/dL). We assessed associations between diabetogenic groups and plasma FAs in multivariate multinomial regressions (with Group 3 as the reference). Results Overall, 7.0% of study participants were in Group 1; 33.3% were in Group 2. Plasma concentrations of several individual FAs, including even-chain saturated FAs (SFAs; myristic, palmitic, stearic acids) and monounsaturated FAs (MUFAs; cis-vaccenic, oleic acids), were respectively associated with greater odds of Groups 1 and 2 status, adjusting for covariates. Higher concentrations of SFA and MUFA subgroups (highest compared with lowest quartile) were associated with increased odds of Group 2 status [SFAs adjusted OR (aOR): 1.51 (95% CI: 1.05, 2.18); MUFAs aOR: 1.78 (95% CI: 1.11, 2.85)]. Higher eicosapentaenoic acid plasma concentration was associated with decreased odds of Group 1 status [quartile 4 aOR: 0.41 (95% CI: 0.17, 0.95)]. Conclusions Higher plasma concentrations of SFAs and MUFAs, primary de novo lipogenesis products, were associated with elevated FPG and HbA1c in a nationally representative study population in the United States. Additional studies are necessary to elucidate potential causal relationships between FAs (from endogenous production and dietary consumption) and diabetogenic indicators, as well as clinical implications for managing diabetes and prediabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Saurabh Mehta
- Division of Nutritional Sciences
- Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Global Health, and Technology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
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Han J, Lee MC, Park JC, Kim S, Lee JS. Effects of temperature shifts on life parameters and expression of fatty acid synthesis and heat shock protein genes in temperate and Antarctic copepods Tigriopus japonicus and Tigriopus kingsejongensis. Polar Biol 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s00300-018-2382-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Kuda O, Brezinova M, Silhavy J, Landa V, Zidek V, Dodia C, Kreuchwig F, Vrbacky M, Balas L, Durand T, Hübner N, Fisher AB, Kopecky J, Pravenec M. Nrf2-Mediated Antioxidant Defense and Peroxiredoxin 6 Are Linked to Biosynthesis of Palmitic Acid Ester of 9-Hydroxystearic Acid. Diabetes 2018; 67:1190-1199. [PMID: 29549163 PMCID: PMC6463562 DOI: 10.2337/db17-1087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Fatty acid esters of hydroxy fatty acids (FAHFAs) are lipid mediators with promising antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory properties that are formed in white adipose tissue (WAT) via de novo lipogenesis, but their biosynthetic enzymes are unknown. Using a combination of lipidomics in WAT, quantitative trait locus mapping, and correlation analyses in rat BXH/HXB recombinant inbred strains, as well as response to oxidative stress in murine models, we elucidated the potential pathway of biosynthesis of several FAHFAs. Comprehensive analysis of WAT samples identified ∼160 regioisomers, documenting the complexity of this lipid class. The linkage analysis highlighted several members of the nuclear factor, erythroid 2 like 2 (Nrf2)-mediated antioxidant defense system (Prdx6, Mgst1, Mgst3), lipid-handling proteins (Cd36, Scd6, Acnat1, Acnat2, Baat), and the family of flavin containing monooxygenases (Fmo) as the positional candidate genes. Transgenic expression of Nrf2 and deletion of Prdx6 genes resulted in reduction of palmitic acid ester of 9-hydroxystearic acid (9-PAHSA) and 11-PAHSA levels, while oxidative stress induced by an inhibitor of glutathione synthesis increased PAHSA levels nonspecifically. Our results indicate that the synthesis of FAHFAs via carbohydrate-responsive element-binding protein-driven de novo lipogenesis depends on the adaptive antioxidant system and suggest that FAHFAs may link activity of this system with insulin sensitivity in peripheral tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ondrej Kuda
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Marie Brezinova
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Silhavy
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimir Landa
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Vaclav Zidek
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Chandra Dodia
- Institute for Environmental Medicine and Department of Physiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Franziska Kreuchwig
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, and Charité - Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marek Vrbacky
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Laurence Balas
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, UMR 5247, CNRS, Université Montpellier, ENSCM, Faculté de Pharmacie, Montpellier, France
| | - Thierry Durand
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, UMR 5247, CNRS, Université Montpellier, ENSCM, Faculté de Pharmacie, Montpellier, France
| | - Norbert Hübner
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, and Charité - Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Aron B Fisher
- Institute for Environmental Medicine and Department of Physiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Jan Kopecky
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Pravenec
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
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44
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Ebrahimi M, Fathi R, Pirsaraei ZA, Garakani ET, Najafi M. How high-fat diet and high-intensity interval training affect lipid metabolism in the liver and visceral adipose tissue of rats. COMPARATIVE EXERCISE PHYSIOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.3920/cep170018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Lipogenic and lipolytic pathways are tightly regulated by nuclear receptors and binding proteins, such as farnesoid x receptor (FXR) and sterol regulatory element binding protein 1c (SREBP-1c). We designed this research to study the effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and high-fat diet (HFD) on hepatic and adipose FXR and SREBP-1c gene expression beside the plasma levels of lipid profile and insulin. 24 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into normal (~12% fat) and HFD (~56% fat) groups with or without participating in the 8 weeks HIIT protocol. Results from two-way ANOVA and Pearson tests (P<0.05) showed that the HFD rats experienced a larger weight gain correlated with dyslipidemia and hyperinsulinemia, higher hepatic and adipose SREBP-1c expression and lower hepatic FXR expression compared with normal diet fed rats. Although HIIT rats showed higher hepatic FXR and lower hepatic and adipose SREBP-1c expression and lower weight gain compared with untrained rats, plasma lipid profile levels had not any significant difference between trained and untrained rats. Interestingly, hepatic FXR expression was negatively correlated with weight gain and SREBP-1c expression in both tissues while only the hepatic SREBP-1c was positively correlated to insulin levels. In conclusion, HFD-induced dyslipidemia could occur via the activation of the hepatic SREBP-1c pathway under the insulin effect. Although HIIT rats showed lower SREBP-1c correlated to hepatic FXR activation it seems diet is more effective on lipid profile than HIIT. Also, in presence of HFD, HIIT only affects adipose lipolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Ebrahimi
- Department of Exercise Biochemistry and Metabolism, University of Mazandaran, Shahid Beheshti Ave, Babolsar 47416-13534, Iran
| | - R. Fathi
- Department of Exercise Biochemistry and Metabolism, University of Mazandaran, Shahid Beheshti Ave, Babolsar 47416-13534, Iran
| | - Z. Ansari Pirsaraei
- Department of animal science and fishery, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Farah Abad, Sari 4818168984, Iran
| | - E. Talebi Garakani
- Department of Exercise Biochemistry and Metabolism, University of Mazandaran, Shahid Beheshti Ave, Babolsar 47416-13534, Iran
| | - M. Najafi
- Department of animal science and fishery, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Farah Abad, Sari 4818168984, Iran
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45
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Sas KM, Lin J, Rajendiran TM, Soni T, Nair V, Hinder LM, Jagadish HV, Gardner TW, Abcouwer SF, Brosius FC, Feldman EL, Kretzler M, Michailidis G, Pennathur S. Shared and distinct lipid-lipid interactions in plasma and affected tissues in a diabetic mouse model. J Lipid Res 2017; 59:173-183. [PMID: 29237716 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m077222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Revised: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipids are ubiquitous metabolites with diverse functions; abnormalities in lipid metabolism appear to be related to complications from multiple diseases, including type 2 diabetes. Through technological advances, the entire lipidome has been characterized and researchers now need computational approaches to better understand lipid network perturbations in different diseases. Using a mouse model of type 2 diabetes with microvascular complications, we examined lipid levels in plasma and in renal, neural, and retinal tissues to identify shared and distinct lipid abnormalities. We used correlation analysis to construct interaction networks in each tissue, to associate changes in lipids with changes in enzymes of lipid metabolism, and to identify overlap of coregulated lipid subclasses between plasma and each tissue to define subclasses of plasma lipids to use as surrogates of tissue lipid metabolism. Lipid metabolism alterations were mostly tissue specific in the kidney, nerve, and retina; no lipid changes correlated between the plasma and all three tissue types. However, alterations in diacylglycerol and in lipids containing arachidonic acid, an inflammatory mediator, were shared among the tissue types, and the highly saturated cholesterol esters were similarly coregulated between plasma and each tissue type in the diabetic mouse. Our results identified several patterns of altered lipid metabolism that may help to identify pathogenic alterations in different tissues and could be used as biomarkers in future research into diabetic microvascular tissue damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelli M Sas
- Division of Nephrology, Departments of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Jiahe Lin
- Departments of Statistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Thekkelnaycke M Rajendiran
- Departments of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109.,Michigan Regional Comprehensive Metabolomics Resource Core Ann Arbor, MI 48105
| | - Tanu Soni
- Michigan Regional Comprehensive Metabolomics Resource Core Ann Arbor, MI 48105
| | - Viji Nair
- Division of Nephrology, Departments of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109.,Departments of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Lucy M Hinder
- Departments of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Hosagrahar V Jagadish
- Departments of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Thomas W Gardner
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109.,Departments of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Steven F Abcouwer
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Frank C Brosius
- Division of Nephrology, Departments of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109.,Departments of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Eva L Feldman
- Departments of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Matthias Kretzler
- Division of Nephrology, Departments of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109.,Departments of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - George Michailidis
- Department of Statistics and Computer and Information Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611
| | - Subramaniam Pennathur
- Division of Nephrology, Departments of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 .,Michigan Regional Comprehensive Metabolomics Resource Core Ann Arbor, MI 48105.,Departments of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
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46
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Cai X, Hayashi S, Fang C, Hao S, Wang X, Nishiguchi S, Tsutsui H, Sheng J. Pu'erh tea extract-mediated protection against hepatosteatosis and insulin resistance in mice with diet-induced obesity is associated with the induction of de novo lipogenesis in visceral adipose tissue. J Gastroenterol 2017; 52:1240-1251. [PMID: 28364190 DOI: 10.1007/s00535-017-1332-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND White adipose tissue (WAT) is important for the maintenance of metabolic homeostasis, and metabolic syndrome is sometimes associated with WAT dysfunction in humans and animals. WAT reportedly plays a key, beneficial role in the maintenance of glucose and lipid homeostasis during de novo lipogenesis (DNL). Pu'erh tea extract (PTE) can inhibit harmful, ectopic DNL in the liver, thus protecting against hepatosteatosis, in mice with diet-induced obesity. We examined whether PTE could induce DNL in WAT and consequently protect against hepatosteatosis. METHODS C57BL/6 male mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) with/without PTE for 16 weeks. Systemic insulin sensitivity was determined using HOMA-IR, insulin- and glucose-tolerance tests, and WAT adipogenesis was evaluated by histological analysis. Adipogenesis-, inflammation-, and DNL-related gene expression in visceral AT (VAT) and subcutaneous AT (SAT) was measured using quantitative reverse transcription-PCR. Regression analysis was used to investigate the association between DNL in WAT and systemic insulin resistance or hepatosteatosis. RESULTS Pu'erh tea extract significantly reduced the gain of body weight and SAT, but not VAT adiposity, in mice fed the high-fat diet and induced adipogenesis in VAT. The expression of DNL-related genes, including Glut4, encoding an important insulin-regulated glucose transporter (GLUT4), were highly elevated in VAT. Moreover, PTE inhibited VAT inflammation by simultaneously downregulating inflammatory molecules and inducing expression of Gpr120 that encodes an anti-inflammatory and pro-adipogenesis receptor (GPR-120) that recognizes unsaturated long-chain fatty acids, including DNL products. The expression of DNL-related genes in VAT was inversely correlated with hepatosteatosis and systemic insulin resistance. CONCLUSIONS Activation of DNL in VAT may explain PTE-mediated alleviation of hepatosteatosis symptoms and systemic insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianbin Cai
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1 Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, 663-8501, Japan
| | - Shuhei Hayashi
- Department of Microbiology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
- Department of Pu-erh Tea and Medical Science, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Chongye Fang
- Department of Pu-erh Tea and Medical Science, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
- Key Laboratory of Pu-erh Tea Science, The Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
| | | | - Xuanjun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pu-erh Tea Science, The Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Kunming, China
| | - Shuhei Nishiguchi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1 Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, 663-8501, Japan.
| | - Hiroko Tsutsui
- Department of Microbiology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
- Department of Pu-erh Tea and Medical Science, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Jun Sheng
- Key Laboratory of Pu-erh Tea Science, The Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China.
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Kunming, China.
- Pu'erh Tea Research Institute, Pu'erh, China.
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47
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Retinol saturase coordinates liver metabolism by regulating ChREBP activity. Nat Commun 2017; 8:384. [PMID: 28855500 PMCID: PMC5577314 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-00430-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The liver integrates multiple metabolic pathways to warrant systemic energy homeostasis. An excessive lipogenic flux due to chronic dietary stimulation contributes to the development of hepatic steatosis, dyslipidemia and hyperglycemia. Here we show that the oxidoreductase retinol saturase (RetSat) is involved in the development of fatty liver. Hepatic RetSat expression correlates with steatosis and serum triglycerides (TGs) in humans. Liver-specific depletion of RetSat in dietary obese mice lowers hepatic and circulating TGs and normalizes hyperglycemia. Mechanistically, RetSat depletion reduces the activity of carbohydrate response element binding protein (ChREBP), a cellular hexose-phosphate sensor and inducer of lipogenesis. Defects upon RetSat depletion are rescued by ectopic expression of ChREBP but not by its putative enzymatic product 13,14-dihydroretinol, suggesting that RetSat affects hepatic glucose sensing independent of retinol conversion. Thus, RetSat is a critical regulator of liver metabolism functioning upstream of ChREBP. Pharmacological inhibition of liver RetSat may represent a therapeutic approach for steatosis.Fatty liver is one of the major features of metabolic syndrome and its development is associated with deregulation of systemic lipid and glucose homeostasis. Here Heidenreich et al. show that retinol saturase is implicated in hepatic lipid metabolism by regulating the activity of the transcription factor ChREBP.
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48
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Inflammation, metaflammation and immunometabolic disorders. Nature 2017; 542:177-185. [PMID: 28179656 DOI: 10.1038/nature21363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1311] [Impact Index Per Article: 187.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Proper regulation and management of energy, substrate diversity and quantity, as well as macromolecular synthesis and breakdown processes, are fundamental to cellular and organismal survival and are paramount to health. Cellular and multicellular organization are defended by the immune response, a robust and critical system through which self is distinguished from non-self, pathogenic signals are recognized and eliminated, and tissue homeostasis is safeguarded. Many layers of evolutionarily conserved interactions occur between immune response and metabolism. Proper maintenance of this delicate balance is crucial for health and has important implications for many pathological states such as obesity, diabetes, and other chronic non-communicable diseases.
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49
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Abstract
Adipose tissue represents a critical component in healthy energy homeostasis. It fulfills important roles in whole-body lipid handling, serves as the body's major energy storage compartment and insulation barrier, and secretes numerous endocrine mediators such as adipokines or lipokines. As a consequence, dysfunction of these processes in adipose tissue compartments is tightly linked to severe metabolic disorders, including obesity, metabolic syndrome, lipodystrophy, and cachexia. While numerous studies have addressed causes and consequences of obesity-related adipose tissue hypertrophy and hyperplasia for health, critical pathways and mechanisms in (involuntary) adipose tissue loss as well as its systemic metabolic consequences are far less understood. In this review, we discuss the current understanding of conditions of adipose tissue wasting and review microenvironmental determinants of adipocyte (dys)function in related pathophysiologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandros Vegiopoulos
- Junior Group Metabolism and Stem Cell Plasticity, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Maria Rohm
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Stephan Herzig
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer (IDC), Helmholtz Center Munich, Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Program Inner Medicine I, Neuherberg, Germany
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50
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Guilherme A, Pedersen DJ, Henchey E, Henriques FS, Danai LV, Shen Y, Yenilmez B, Jung D, Kim JK, Lodhi IJ, Semenkovich CF, Czech MP. Adipocyte lipid synthesis coupled to neuronal control of thermogenic programming. Mol Metab 2017; 6:781-796. [PMID: 28752043 PMCID: PMC5518709 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2017.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2017] [Revised: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The de novo biosynthesis of fatty acids (DNL) through fatty acid synthase (FASN) in adipocytes is exquisitely regulated by nutrients, hormones, fasting, and obesity in mice and humans. However, the functions of DNL in adipocyte biology and in the regulation of systemic glucose homeostasis are not fully understood. Methods & results Here we show adipocyte DNL controls crosstalk to localized sympathetic neurons that mediate expansion of beige/brite adipocytes within inguinal white adipose tissue (iWAT). Induced deletion of FASN in white and brown adipocytes of mature mice (iAdFASNKO mice) enhanced glucose tolerance, UCP1 expression, and cAMP signaling in iWAT. Consistent with induction of adipose sympathetic nerve activity, iAdFASNKO mice displayed markedly increased neuronal tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and neuropeptide Y (NPY) content in iWAT. In contrast, brown adipose tissue (BAT) of iAdFASNKO mice showed no increase in TH or NPY, nor did FASN deletion selectively in brown adipocytes (UCP1-FASNKO mice) cause these effects in iWAT. Conclusions These results demonstrate that downregulation of fatty acid synthesis via FASN depletion in white adipocytes of mature mice can stimulate neuronal signaling to control thermogenic programming in iWAT. Inducible deletion of FASN in white adipocytes of mature mice enhances browning of iWAT. Inducible deletion of white adipocyte FASN in mature obese mice improves glucose tolerance. Loss of FASN in white adipocytes enhances sympathetic nerve outflow in iWAT. Crosstalk between adipocyte fat metabolism and neuronal stimulation of adipose tissue is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adilson Guilherme
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - David J Pedersen
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Elizabeth Henchey
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Felipe S Henriques
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Laura V Danai
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Yuefei Shen
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Batuhan Yenilmez
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - DaeYoung Jung
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA; Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Jason K Kim
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA; Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Irfan J Lodhi
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipid Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Clay F Semenkovich
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipid Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Michael P Czech
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA.
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