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Heyward FD, Liu N, Jacobs C, Machado NLS, Ivison R, Uner A, Srinivasan H, Patel SJ, Gulko A, Sermersheim T, Tsai L, Rosen ED. AgRP neuron cis-regulatory analysis across hunger states reveals that IRF3 mediates leptin's acute effects. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4646. [PMID: 38821928 PMCID: PMC11143326 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48885-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024] Open
Abstract
AgRP neurons in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus (ARC) coordinate homeostatic changes in appetite associated with fluctuations in food availability and leptin signaling. Identifying the relevant transcriptional regulatory pathways in these neurons has been a priority, yet such attempts have been stymied due to their low abundance and the rich cellular diversity of the ARC. Here we generated AgRP neuron-specific transcriptomic and chromatin accessibility profiles from male mice during three distinct hunger states of satiety, fasting-induced hunger, and leptin-induced hunger suppression. Cis-regulatory analysis of these integrated datasets enabled the identification of 18 putative hunger-promoting and 29 putative hunger-suppressing transcriptional regulators in AgRP neurons, 16 of which were predicted to be transcriptional effectors of leptin. Within our dataset, Interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) emerged as a leading candidate mediator of leptin-induced hunger-suppression. Measures of IRF3 activation in vitro and in vivo reveal an increase in IRF3 nuclear occupancy following leptin administration. Finally, gain- and loss-of-function experiments in vivo confirm the role of IRF3 in mediating the acute satiety-evoking effects of leptin in AgRP neurons. Thus, our findings identify IRF3 as a key mediator of the acute hunger-suppressing effects of leptin in AgRP neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frankie D Heyward
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Center for Hypothalamic Research, Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
- Department of Neuroscience, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
| | - Nan Liu
- Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Christopher Jacobs
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Natalia L S Machado
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rachael Ivison
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Aykut Uner
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Hypothalamic Research, Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Harini Srinivasan
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Suraj J Patel
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Center for Human Nutrition and Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical, Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Anton Gulko
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tyler Sermersheim
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Linus Tsai
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Evan D Rosen
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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2
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Bozadjieva-Kramer N, Shin JH, Li Z, Rupp AC, Miller N, Kernodle S, Lanthier N, Henry P, Seshadri N, Myronovych A, MacDougald OA, O’Rourke RW, Kohli R, Burant CF, Rothberg AE, Seeley RJ. Intestinal FGF15 regulates bile acid and cholesterol metabolism but not glucose and energy balance. JCI Insight 2024; 9:e174164. [PMID: 38587078 PMCID: PMC11128213 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.174164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor 15/19 (FGF15/19, mouse/human ortholog) is expressed in the ileal enterocytes of the small intestine and released postprandially in response to bile acid absorption. Previous reports of FGF15-/- mice have limited our understanding of gut-specific FGF15's role in metabolism. Therefore, we studied the role of endogenous gut-derived FGF15 in bile acid, cholesterol, glucose, and energy balance. We found that circulating levels of FGF19 were reduced in individuals with obesity and comorbidities, such as type 2 diabetes and metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease. Gene expression analysis of ileal FGF15-positive cells revealed differential expression during the obesogenic state. We fed standard chow or a high-fat metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis-inducing diet to control and intestine-derived FGF15-knockout (FGF15INT-KO) mice. Control and FGF15INT-KO mice gained similar body weight and adiposity and did not show genotype-specific differences in glucose, mixed meal, pyruvate, and glycerol tolerance. FGF15INT-KO mice had increased systemic bile acid levels but decreased cholesterol levels, pointing to a primary role for gut-derived FGF15 in regulating bile acid and cholesterol metabolism when exposed to obesogenic diet. These studies show that intestinal FGF15 plays a specific role in bile acid and cholesterol metabolism regulation but is not essential for energy and glucose balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadejda Bozadjieva-Kramer
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Surgery and
| | | | - Ziru Li
- Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Center for Molecular Medicine, MaineHealth Institute for Research, Scarborough, Maine, USA
| | - Alan C. Rupp
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Nicole Miller
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | | | - Nicolas Lanthier
- Hepato-Gastroenterology Department, Saint-Luc University Clinics, and
- Laboratory of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Paulina Henry
- Pathological Anatomy Department, Institute of Pathology and Genetics, Gosselies, Belgium
| | | | | | - Ormond A. MacDougald
- Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Robert W. O’Rourke
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Surgery and
| | - Rohit Kohli
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Charles F. Burant
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Amy E. Rothberg
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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3
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Rupp AC, Tomlinson AJ, Affinati AH, Yacawych WT, Duensing AM, True C, Lindsley SR, Kirigiti MA, MacKenzie A, Polex-Wolf J, Li C, Knudsen LB, Seeley RJ, Olson DP, Kievit P, Myers MG. Suppression of food intake by Glp1r/Lepr-coexpressing neurons prevents obesity in mouse models. J Clin Invest 2023; 133:e157515. [PMID: 37581939 PMCID: PMC10541203 DOI: 10.1172/jci157515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The adipose-derived hormone leptin acts via its receptor (LepRb) in the brain to control energy balance. A potentially unidentified population of GABAergic hypothalamic LepRb neurons plays key roles in the restraint of food intake and body weight by leptin. To identify markers for candidate populations of LepRb neurons in an unbiased manner, we performed single-nucleus RNA-Seq of enriched mouse hypothalamic LepRb cells, identifying several previously unrecognized populations of hypothalamic LepRb neurons. Many of these populations displayed strong conservation across species, including GABAergic Glp1r-expressing LepRb (LepRbGlp1r) neurons, which expressed more Lepr than other LepRb cell populations. Ablating Lepr from LepRbGlp1r cells provoked hyperphagic obesity without impairing energy expenditure. Similarly, improvements in energy balance caused by Lepr reactivation in GABA neurons of otherwise Lepr-null mice required Lepr expression in GABAergic Glp1r-expressing neurons. Furthermore, restoration of Glp1r expression in LepRbGlp1r neurons in otherwise Glp1r-null mice enabled food intake suppression by the GLP1R agonist, liraglutide. Thus, the conserved GABAergic LepRbGlp1r neuron population plays crucial roles in the suppression of food intake by leptin and GLP1R agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Warren T. Yacawych
- Department of Internal Medicine and
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Allison M. Duensing
- Department of Internal Medicine and
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Cadence True
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, Oregon, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Chien Li
- Novo Nordisk, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | - David P. Olson
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Paul Kievit
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, Oregon, USA
| | - Martin G. Myers
- Department of Internal Medicine and
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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4
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González-García I, García-Clavé E, Cebrian-Serrano A, Le Thuc O, Contreras RE, Xu Y, Gruber T, Schriever SC, Legutko B, Lintelmann J, Adamski J, Wurst W, Müller TD, Woods SC, Pfluger PT, Tschöp MH, Fisette A, García-Cáceres C. Estradiol regulates leptin sensitivity to control feeding via hypothalamic Cited1. Cell Metab 2023; 35:438-455.e7. [PMID: 36889283 PMCID: PMC10028007 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2023.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
Until menopause, women have a lower propensity to develop metabolic diseases than men, suggestive of a protective role for sex hormones. Although a functional synergy between central actions of estrogens and leptin has been demonstrated to protect against metabolic disturbances, the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms mediating this crosstalk have remained elusive. By using a series of embryonic, adult-onset, and tissue/cell-specific loss-of-function mouse models, we document an unprecedented role of hypothalamic Cbp/P300-interacting transactivator with Glu/Asp-rich carboxy-terminal domain 1 (Cited1) in mediating estradiol (E2)-dependent leptin actions that control feeding specifically in pro-opiomelanocortin (Pomc) neurons. We reveal that within arcuate Pomc neurons, Cited1 drives leptin's anorectic effects by acting as a co-factor converging E2 and leptin signaling via direct Cited1-ERα-Stat3 interactions. Together, these results provide new insights on how melanocortin neurons integrate endocrine inputs from gonadal and adipose axes via Cited1, thereby contributing to the sexual dimorphism in diet-induced obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismael González-García
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Elena García-Clavé
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Alberto Cebrian-Serrano
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Ophélia Le Thuc
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Raian E Contreras
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Research Unit NeuroBiology of Diabetes, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Yanjun Xu
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Tim Gruber
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Sonja C Schriever
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Research Unit NeuroBiology of Diabetes, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Beata Legutko
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jutta Lintelmann
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jerzy Adamski
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Medical Drive 8, Singapore 117597, Singapore; Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov trg 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Wolfgang Wurst
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Developmental Genetics, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technische Universität München, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany; Deutsches Institut für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE) Site Munich, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 17, 81377 Munich, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Adolf-Butenandt-Institut, LudwigMaximilians Universität München, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 17, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Timo D Müller
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Stephen C Woods
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Paul T Pfluger
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Research Unit NeuroBiology of Diabetes, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Division of Neurobiology of Diabetes, TUM School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, 80333 Munich, Germany
| | - Matthias H Tschöp
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Division of Metabolic Diseases, Technische Universität München, 80333 Munich, Germany
| | - Alexandre Fisette
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Cristina García-Cáceres
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80336 Munich, Germany.
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5
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Vagena E, Crneta J, Engström P, He L, Yulyaningsih E, Korpel NL, Cheang RT, Bachor TP, Huang A, Michel G, Attal K, Berrios DI, Valdearcos M, Koliwad SK, Olson DP, Yi CX, Xu AW. ASB4 modulates central melanocortinergic neurons and calcitonin signaling to control satiety and glucose homeostasis. Sci Signal 2022; 15:eabj8204. [PMID: 35536884 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.abj8204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Variants in the gene encoding ankyrin repeat and SOCS box-containing 4 (ASB4) are linked to human obesity. Here, we characterized the pathways underlying the metabolic functions of ASB4. Hypothalamic Asb4 expression was suppressed by fasting in wild-type mice but not in mice deficient in AgRP, which encodes Agouti-related protein (AgRP), an appetite-stimulating hormone, suggesting that ASB4 is a negative target of AgRP. Many ASB4 neurons in the brain were adjacent to AgRP terminals, and feeding induced by AgRP neuronal activation was disrupted in Asb4-deficient mice. Acute knockdown of Asb4 in the brain caused marked hyperphagia due to increased meal size, and Asb4 deficiency led to increased meal size and food intake at the onset of refeeding, when very large meals were consumed. Asb4-deficient mice were resistant to the meal-terminating effects of exogenously administered calcitonin and showed decreased neuronal expression of Calcr, which encodes the calcitonin receptor. Pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons in the arcuate nucleus in mice are involved in glucose homeostasis, and Asb4 deficiency specifically in POMC neurons resulted in glucose intolerance that was independent of obesity. Furthermore, individuals with type 2 diabetes showed reduced ASB4 abundance in the infundibular nuclei, the human equivalent of the arcuate nucleus. Together, our results indicate that ASB4 acts in the brain to improve glucose homeostasis and to induce satiety after substantial meals, particularly those after food deprivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eirini Vagena
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Jasmina Crneta
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Pauline Engström
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Li He
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Ernie Yulyaningsih
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Nikita L Korpel
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Laboratory of Endocrinology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, Netherlands
| | - Rachel T Cheang
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Tomas P Bachor
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Alyssa Huang
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Guillermina Michel
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Kush Attal
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - David I Berrios
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Martin Valdearcos
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Suneil K Koliwad
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - David P Olson
- Department of Pediatrics, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Chun-Xia Yi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Laboratory of Endocrinology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, Netherlands
| | - Allison W Xu
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.,Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
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6
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Çakır I, Lining Pan P, Hadley CK, El-Gamal A, Fadel A, Elsayegh D, Mohamed O, Rizk NM, Ghamari-Langroudi M. Sulforaphane reduces obesity by reversing leptin resistance. eLife 2022; 11:67368. [PMID: 35323110 PMCID: PMC8947770 DOI: 10.7554/elife.67368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The ascending prevalence of obesity in recent decades is commonly associated with soaring morbidity and mortality rates, resulting in increased health-care costs and decreased quality of life. A systemic state of stress characterized by low-grade inflammation and pathological formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) usually manifests in obesity. The transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-like 2 (NRF2) is the master regulator of the redox homeostasis and plays a critical role in the resolution of inflammation. Here, we show that the natural isothiocyanate and potent NRF2 activator sulforaphane reverses diet-induced obesity through a predominantly, but not exclusively, NRF2-dependent mechanism that requires a functional leptin receptor signaling and hyperleptinemia. Sulforaphane does not reduce the body weight or food intake of lean mice but induces an anorectic response when coadministered with exogenous leptin. Leptin-deficient Lepob/ob mice and leptin receptor mutant Leprdb/db mice display resistance to the weight-reducing effect of sulforaphane, supporting the conclusion that the antiobesity effect of sulforaphane requires functional leptin receptor signaling. Furthermore, our results suggest the skeletal muscle as the most notable site of action of sulforaphane whose peripheral NRF2 action signals to alleviate leptin resistance. Transcriptional profiling of six major metabolically relevant tissues highlights that sulforaphane suppresses fatty acid synthesis while promoting ribosome biogenesis, reducing ROS accumulation, and resolving inflammation, therefore representing a unique transcriptional program that leads to protection from obesity. Our findings argue for clinical evaluation of sulforaphane for weight loss and obesity-associated metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Işın Çakır
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan
- Department of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics, Vanderbilt University
| | | | - Colleen K Hadley
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan
- College of Literature, Science, and the Arts, University of Michigan
| | - Abdulrahman El-Gamal
- Biomedical Sciences Department, College of Health Sciences, Qu- Health, Qatar University
| | - Amina Fadel
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University
| | | | | | - Nasser M Rizk
- Biomedical Sciences Department, College of Health Sciences, Qu- Health, Qatar University
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University
| | - Masoud Ghamari-Langroudi
- Department of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics, Vanderbilt University
- Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University
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7
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Chang HH, Sun DS. Emerging role of the itaconate-mediated rescue of cellular metabolic stress. Tzu Chi Med J 2022; 34:134-138. [PMID: 35465285 PMCID: PMC9020237 DOI: 10.4103/tcmj.tcmj_79_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic regulations play vital roles on maintaining the homeostasis of our body. Evidence have suggested that ATF3 and nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor 2 (NRF2) are critical for maintaining cell function, metabolism, and inflammation/anti-inflammation regulations when cells are under stress, while the upstream regulators in the stressed cells remain elusive. Recent findings have shown that tricarboxylic acid cycle metabolites such as itaconate and succinate are not just mitochondrial metabolites, but rather important signaling mediators, involving in the regulations of metabolism, immune modulation. Itaconate exerts anti-inflammatory role through regulating ATF3 and NRF2 pathways under stressed conditions. In addition, itaconate inhibits succinate dehydrogenase, succinate oxidation and thus blocking succinate-mediated inflammatory processes. These findings suggest itaconate-ATF3 and itaconate-NRF2 axes are well-coordinated machineries that facilitate the rescue against cellular stress. Here, we review these fascinating discoveries, a research field may help the development of more effective therapeutic approach to manage stress-induced inflammation, tissue damage, and metabolic disorder.
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8
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Çakır I, Hadley CK, Pan PL, Bagchi RA, Ghamari-Langroudi M, Porter DT, Wang Q, Litt MJ, Jana S, Hagen S, Lee P, White A, Lin JD, McKinsey TA, Cone RD. Histone deacetylase 6 inhibition restores leptin sensitivity and reduces obesity. Nat Metab 2022; 4:44-59. [PMID: 35039672 PMCID: PMC8892841 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-021-00515-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The adipose tissue-derived hormone leptin can drive decreases in food intake while increasing energy expenditure. In diet-induced obesity, circulating leptin levels rise proportionally to adiposity. Despite this hyperleptinemia, rodents and humans with obesity maintain increased adiposity and are resistant to leptin's actions. Here we show that inhibitors of the cytosolic enzyme histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) act as potent leptin sensitizers and anti-obesity agents in diet-induced obese mice. Specifically, HDAC6 inhibitors, such as tubastatin A, reduce food intake, fat mass, hepatic steatosis and improve systemic glucose homeostasis in an HDAC6-dependent manner. Mechanistically, peripheral, but not central, inhibition of HDAC6 confers central leptin sensitivity. Additionally, the anti-obesity effect of tubastatin A is attenuated in animals with a defective central leptin-melanocortin circuitry, including db/db and MC4R knockout mice. Our results suggest the existence of an HDAC6-regulated adipokine that serves as a leptin-sensitizing agent and reveals HDAC6 as a potential target for the treatment of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Işın Çakır
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Colleen K Hadley
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- College of Literature, Science and the Arts, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Pauline Lining Pan
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Rushita A Bagchi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology and the Consortium for Fibrosis Research & Translation, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Masoud Ghamari-Langroudi
- Department of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | - Qiuyu Wang
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Michael J Litt
- Department of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Somnath Jana
- Chemical Synthesis Core, Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Susan Hagen
- Vahlteich Medicinal Chemistry Core, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Pil Lee
- Vahlteich Medicinal Chemistry Core, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Andrew White
- Vahlteich Medicinal Chemistry Core, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jiandie D Lin
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Timothy A McKinsey
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology and the Consortium for Fibrosis Research & Translation, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Roger D Cone
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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9
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Kan HW, Chang CH, Chang YS, Ko YT, Hsieh YL. Genetic loss-of-function of activating transcription factor 3 but not C-type lectin member 5A prevents diabetic peripheral neuropathy. J Transl Med 2021; 101:1341-1352. [PMID: 34172832 PMCID: PMC8440213 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-021-00630-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the mediating roles of activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3), an injury marker, or C-type lectin member 5A (CLEC5A), an inflammatory response molecule, in the induction of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and neuroinflammation in diabetic peripheral neuropathy in ATF3 and CLEC5A genetic knockout (aft3-/- and clec5a-/-, respectively) mice. ATF3 was expressed intranuclearly and was upregulated in mice with diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DN) and clec5a-/- mice. The DN and clec5a-/- groups also exhibited neuropathic behavior, but not in the aft3-/- group. The upregulation profiles of cytoplasmic polyadenylation element-binding protein, a protein translation-regulating molecule, and the ER stress-related molecules of inositol-requiring enzyme 1α and phosphorylated eukaryotic initiation factor 2α in the DN and clec5a-/- groups were correlated with neuropathic behavior. Ultrastructural evidence confirmed ER stress induction and neuroinflammation, including microglial enlargement and proinflammatory cytokine release, in the DN and clec5a-/- mice. By contrast, the induction of ER stress and neuroinflammation did not occur in the aft3-/- mice. Furthermore, the mRNA of reactive oxygen species-removing enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, heme oxygenase-1, and catalase were downregulated in the DN and clec5a-/- groups but were not changed in the aft3-/- group. Taken together, the results indicate that intraneuronal ATF3, but not CLEC5A, mediates the induction of ER stress and neuroinflammation associated with diabetic neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Wei Kan
- School of Medicine for International Students, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Hong Chang
- Department of Surgery, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Shuang Chang
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ting Ko
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Lin Hsieh
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
- School of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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10
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Han X, Burger LL, Garcia-Galiano D, Moenter SM, Myers MG, Olson DP, Elias CF. Protocol to extract actively translated mRNAs from mouse hypothalamus by translating ribosome affinity purification. STAR Protoc 2021; 2:100589. [PMID: 34159322 PMCID: PMC8196219 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2021.100589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we present an in-depth protocol for extracting ribosome-bound mRNAs in low-abundance cells of hypothalamic nuclei. mRNAs are extracted from the micropunched tissue using refined translating ribosome affinity purification. Isolated RNAs can be used for sequencing or transcript quantification. This protocol enables the identification of actively translated mRNAs in varying physiological states and can be modified for use in any neuronal subpopulation labeled with a ribo-tag. We use leptin receptor-expressing neurons as an example to illustrate the protocol. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Han et al. (2020).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingfa Han
- Department of Molecular & integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Isotope Research Lab, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an 625014, China
| | - Laura L. Burger
- Department of Molecular & integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - David Garcia-Galiano
- Department of Molecular & integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Suzanne M. Moenter
- Department of Molecular & integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Martin G. Myers
- Department of Molecular & integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - David P. Olson
- Department of Molecular & integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Carol F. Elias
- Department of Molecular & integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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11
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Affinati AH, Sabatini PV, True C, Tomlinson AJ, Kirigiti M, Lindsley SR, Li C, Olson DP, Kievit P, Myers MG, Rupp AC. Cross-species analysis defines the conservation of anatomically segregated VMH neuron populations. eLife 2021; 10:69065. [PMID: 34018926 PMCID: PMC8184210 DOI: 10.7554/elife.69065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus (VMH) controls diverse behaviors and physiologic functions, suggesting the existence of multiple VMH neural subtypes with distinct functions. Combing translating ribosome affinity purification with RNA-sequencing (TRAP-seq) data with single-nucleus RNA-sequencing (snRNA-seq) data, we identified 24 mouse VMH neuron clusters. Further analysis, including snRNA-seq data from macaque tissue, defined a more tractable VMH parceling scheme consisting of six major genetically and anatomically differentiated VMH neuron classes with good cross-species conservation. In addition to two major ventrolateral classes, we identified three distinct classes of dorsomedial VMH neurons. Consistent with previously suggested unique roles for leptin receptor (Lepr)-expressing VMH neurons, Lepr expression marked a single dorsomedial class. We also identified a class of glutamatergic VMH neurons that resides in the tuberal region, anterolateral to the neuroanatomical core of the VMH. This atlas of conserved VMH neuron populations provides an unbiased starting point for the analysis of VMH circuitry and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison H Affinati
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States
| | - Paul V Sabatini
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States
| | - Cadence True
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, United States
| | - Abigail J Tomlinson
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States
| | - Melissa Kirigiti
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, United States
| | - Sarah R Lindsley
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, United States
| | - Chien Li
- Novo Nordisk Research Center, Seattle, United States
| | - David P Olson
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States
| | - Paul Kievit
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, United States
| | - Martin G Myers
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States
| | - Alan C Rupp
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States
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12
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Yang M, Qiu S, He Y, Li L, Wu T, Ding N, Li F, Zhao AZ, Yang G. Genetic ablation of C-reactive protein gene confers resistance to obesity and insulin resistance in rats. Diabetologia 2021; 64:1169-1183. [PMID: 33544171 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-021-05384-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Besides serving as a traditional inflammatory marker, C-reactive protein (CRP) is closely associated with the development of obesity, diabetes and cardiovascular diseases as a metabolic and inflammatory marker. We hypothesise that CRP protein directly participates in the regulation of energy and glucose metabolism rather than just being a surrogate marker, and that genetic deficiency of CRP will lead to resistance to obesity and insulin resistance. METHODS Crp gene deletion was achieved by transcription activator-like effector nuclease (TALEN) technology in rats. The Crp knockout animals were placed on either a standard chow diet or a high-fat diet. Phenotypic changes in body weight, glucose metabolism, insulin sensitivity, energy expenditure and inflammation condition were examined. The central impact of CRP deficiency on leptin and insulin hypothalamic signalling, as well as glucose homeostasis, were examined via intracerebral ventricular delivery of leptin and CRP plus glucose clamp studies in the wild-type and Crp knockout rats. RESULTS CRP deficiency led to a significant reduction in weight gain and food intake, elevated energy expenditure and improved insulin sensitivity after exposure to high-fat diet. Glucose clamp studies revealed enhanced hepatic insulin signalling and actions. Deficiency of CRP enhanced and prolonged the weight-reducing effect of central injected leptin and promoted the central and peripheral roles of leptin. By contrast, reinstatement of CRP into the hypothalamus of the knockout rats attenuated the effects of central leptin signalling on insulin sensitivity and peripheral glucose metabolism. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION This study represents the first line of genetic evidence that CRP is not merely a surrogate blood marker for inflammation and metabolic syndromes but directly regulates energy balance, body weight, insulin sensitivity and glucose homeostasis through direct regulation of leptin's central effect and hypothalamic signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengliu Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, the 2nd Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- The Center of Clinical Research of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases in Chongqing and Department of Endocrinology, Chongqing Three Gorges Central Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Sheng Qiu
- Department of Endocrinology, the 2nd Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yirui He
- Department of Endocrinology, the 2nd Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ling Li
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine (Ministry of Education) and Department of Clinical Biochemistry, College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tong Wu
- Department of Endocrinology, the 2nd Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ning Ding
- The School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fanghong Li
- The School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Allan Z Zhao
- The School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Gangyi Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, the 2nd Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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13
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Ludwig MQ, Cheng W, Gordian D, Lee J, Paulsen SJ, Hansen SN, Egerod KL, Barkholt P, Rhodes CJ, Secher A, Knudsen LB, Pyke C, Myers MG, Pers TH. A genetic map of the mouse dorsal vagal complex and its role in obesity. Nat Metab 2021; 3:530-545. [PMID: 33767443 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-021-00363-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The brainstem dorsal vagal complex (DVC) is known to regulate energy balance and is the target of appetite-suppressing hormones, such as glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1). Here we provide a comprehensive genetic map of the DVC and identify neuronal populations that control feeding. Combining bulk and single-nucleus gene expression and chromatin profiling of DVC cells, we reveal 25 neuronal populations with unique transcriptional and chromatin accessibility landscapes and peptide receptor expression profiles. GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonist administration induces gene expression alterations specific to two distinct sets of Glp1r neurons-one population in the area postrema and one in the nucleus of the solitary tract that also expresses calcitonin receptor (Calcr). Transcripts and regions of accessible chromatin near obesity-associated genetic variants are enriched in the area postrema and the nucleus of the solitary tract neurons that express Glp1r and/or Calcr, and activating several of these neuronal populations decreases feeding in rodents. Thus, DVC neuronal populations associated with obesity predisposition suppress feeding and may represent therapeutic targets for obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mette Q Ludwig
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Wenwen Cheng
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Desiree Gordian
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Julie Lee
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | - Kristoffer L Egerod
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Christopher J Rhodes
- Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Diseases, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Anna Secher
- Global Drug Discovery, Novo Nordisk A/S, Måløv, Denmark
| | | | - Charles Pyke
- Global Drug Discovery, Novo Nordisk A/S, Måløv, Denmark
| | - Martin G Myers
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Tune H Pers
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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14
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Cote JL, Argetsinger LS, Flores A, Rupp AC, Cline JM, DeSantis LC, Bedard AH, Bagchi DP, Vander PB, Cacciaglia AM, Clutter ES, Chandrashekar G, MacDougald OA, Myers MG, Carter-Su C. Deletion of the Brain-Specific α and δ Isoforms of Adapter Protein SH2B1 Protects Mice From Obesity. Diabetes 2021; 70:400-414. [PMID: 33214137 PMCID: PMC7881872 DOI: 10.2337/db20-0687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Mice lacking SH2B1 and humans with variants of SH2B1 display severe obesity and insulin resistance. SH2B1 is an adapter protein that is recruited to the receptors of multiple hormones and neurotrophic factors. Of the four known alternatively spliced SH2B1 isoforms, SH2B1β and SH2B1γ exhibit ubiquitous expression, whereas SH2B1α and SH2B1δ are essentially restricted to the brain. To understand the roles for SH2B1α and SH2B1δ in energy balance and glucose metabolism, we generated mice lacking these brain-specific isoforms (αδ knockout [αδKO] mice). αδKO mice exhibit decreased food intake, protection from weight gain on standard and high-fat diets, and an adiposity-dependent improvement in glucose homeostasis. SH2B1 has been suggested to impact energy balance via the modulation of leptin action. However, αδKO mice exhibit leptin sensitivity that is similar to that of wild-type mice by multiple measures. Thus, decreasing the abundance of SH2B1α and/or SH2B1δ relative to the other SH2B1 isoforms likely shifts energy balance toward a lean phenotype via a primarily leptin-independent mechanism. Our findings suggest that the different alternatively spliced isoforms of SH2B1 perform different functions in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L Cote
- Neuroscience Program, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Lawrence S Argetsinger
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Anabel Flores
- Cell and Molecular Biology Program, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Alan C Rupp
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Joel M Cline
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Lauren C DeSantis
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Alexander H Bedard
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Devika P Bagchi
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Paul B Vander
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Abrielle M Cacciaglia
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Erik S Clutter
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Gowri Chandrashekar
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Ormond A MacDougald
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
- Cell and Molecular Biology Program, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Martin G Myers
- Neuroscience Program, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
- Cell and Molecular Biology Program, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Christin Carter-Su
- Neuroscience Program, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
- Cell and Molecular Biology Program, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
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15
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Loganathan N, McIlwraith EK, Belsham DD. Bisphenol A Induces Agrp Gene Expression in Hypothalamic Neurons through a Mechanism Involving ATF3. Neuroendocrinology 2021; 111:678-695. [PMID: 32575098 DOI: 10.1159/000509592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bisphenol A (BPA) is a ubiquitous endocrine disrupting chemical and obesogen. Although limited evidence exists of the effects of BPA on hypothalamic agouti-related peptide (AgRP) levels, the mechanisms underlying these effects remain unknown. Given that AgRP is a potent orexigenic neuropeptide, determining the mechanism by which BPA increases AgRP is critical to preventing the progression to metabolic disease. METHODS Using quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, we investigated the response of Agrp-expressing mouse hypothalamic cell lines to BPA treatment. The percentage of total BPA entering hypothalamic cells in culture was quantified using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. In order to identify the mechanism underlying BPA-mediated changes in Agrp, siRNA knockdown of transcription factors, FOXO1, CHOP, ATF3, ATF4, ATF6, and small-molecule inhibitors of endoplasmic reticulum stress, JNK or MEK/ERK were used. RESULTS BPA increased mRNA levels of Agrp in six hypothalamic cell lines (mHypoA-59, mHypoE-41, mHypoA-2/12, mHypoE-46, mHypoE-44, and mHypoE-42). Interestingly, only 18% of the total BPA in the culture medium entered the cells after 24 h, suggesting that the exposure concentration is much lower than the treatment concentration. BPA increased pre-Agrp mRNA levels, indicating increased Agrp transcription. Knockdown of the transcription factor ATF3 prevented BPA-mediated increase in Agrp, pre-Agrp, and in part Npy mRNA levels. However, chemical chaperone, sodium phenylbutyrate, JNK inhibitor, SP600125, or the MEK/ERK inhibitor PD0352901 did not block BPA-induced Agrp upregulation. CONCLUSION Overall, these results indicate that hypothalamic Agrp is susceptible to dysregulation by BPA and implicate ATF3 as a common mediator of the orexigenic effects of BPA in hypothalamic neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neruja Loganathan
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Emma K McIlwraith
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Denise D Belsham
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,
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16
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Hypothalamic and Cell-Specific Transcriptomes Unravel a Dynamic Neuropil Remodeling in Leptin-Induced and Typical Pubertal Transition in Female Mice. iScience 2020; 23:101563. [PMID: 33083731 PMCID: PMC7522126 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological and genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have shown high correlation between childhood obesity and advance in puberty. Early age at menarche is associated with a series of morbidities, including breast cancer, cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes, and obesity. The adipocyte hormone leptin signals the amount of fat stores to the neuroendocrine reproductive axis via direct actions in the brain. Using mouse genetics, we and others have identified the hypothalamic ventral premammillary nucleus (PMv) and the agouti-related protein (AgRP) neurons in the arcuate nucleus (Arc) as primary targets of leptin action in pubertal maturation. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying leptin's effects remain unknown. Here we assessed changes in the PMv and Arc transcriptional program during leptin-stimulated and typical pubertal development using overlapping analysis of bulk RNA sequecing, TRAP sequencing, and the published database. Our findings demonstrate that dynamic somatodendritic remodeling and extracellular space organization underlie leptin-induced and typical pubertal maturation in female mice. MBH DEGs between lean and Lepob mice are highly represented in development Short-term leptin to Lepob mice alters MBH DEGs associated with reproduction PMv/Arc LepRb DEGs between lean and Lepob mice are abundant in extracellular space DEGs in developing PMv/Arc are conspicuous in extracellular and neuropil remodeling
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17
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El-Tarabany MS, Saleh AA, El-Araby IE, El-Magd MA. Association of LEPR polymorphisms with egg production and growth performance in female Japanese quails. Anim Biotechnol 2020; 33:599-611. [PMID: 32865111 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2020.1812617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to screen intron 8 of the leptin receptor (LEPR) gene for polymorphisms in female Japanese quails. Two adjacent novel SNPs (A277G and A304G) were detected using PCR-SSCP and sequencing. These SNPs produced three haplotypes (AA/AA, AG/AG, and GG/GG) that were significantly (p ≤ 0.05) associated with growth and egg production traits. GG/GG haplotype-quails had significantly (p ≤ 0.05) lower egg production, feed intake, growth performance, lipid profile, serum levels of sex hormones (estradiol, progesterone, FSH, LH), and ovarian expressions of survivin, FSHR, and IGF1 than other quails. However, GG/GG quails had significantly (p ≤ 0.05) higher serum levels of LEP and mRNA levels of LEPR, LEP, and caspase 3 in the hypothalamus and ovaries. These higher levels of LEP/LEPR could not only reduce feed intake and body weight gain but also could induce apoptosis of ovarian cells (as indicated by lower survivin and IGF1 and higher caspase3 expression) which could inhibit the development of the follicles and the release of sex hormones with a subsequent decrease in egg production in GG/GG quails. Therefore, with these results, we suggest selecting Japanese quails with AA/AA and AG/AG haplotypes to improve the reproduction and growth performance of this flock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud S El-Tarabany
- Department of Animal Wealth Development, Animal Breeding and Production, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Ayman A Saleh
- Department of Animal Wealth Development, Veterinary Genetics & Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Iman E El-Araby
- Department of Animal Wealth Development, Veterinary Genetics & Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Mohammed A El-Magd
- Department of Anatomy & Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Zagazig, Egypt
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18
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Barnes TM, Shah K, Allison MB, Steinl GK, Gordian D, Sabatini PV, Tomlinson AJ, Cheng W, Jones JC, Zhu Q, Faber C, Myers MG. Identification of the leptin receptor sequences crucial for the STAT3-Independent control of metabolism. Mol Metab 2020; 32:168-175. [PMID: 32029227 PMCID: PMC6992902 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2019.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leptin acts via its receptor, LepRb, on specialized neurons in the brain to modulate energy balance and glucose homeostasis. LepRb→STAT3 signaling plays a crucial role in leptin action, but LepRb also mediates an additional as-yet-unidentified signal (Signal 2) that is important for leptin action. Signal 2 requires LepRb regions in addition to those required for JAK2 activation but operates independently of STAT3 and LepRb phosphorylation sites. METHODS To identify LepRb sequences that mediate Signal 2, we used CRISPR/Cas9 to generate five novel mouse lines containing COOH-terminal truncation mutants of LepRb. We analyzed the metabolic phenotype and measures of hypothalamic function for these mouse lines. RESULTS We found that deletion of LepRb sequences between residues 921 and 960 dramatically worsens metabolic control and alters hypothalamic function relative to smaller truncations. We also found that deletion of the regions including residues 1013-1053 and 960-1013 each decreased obesity compared to deletions that included additional COOH-terminal residues. CONCLUSIONS LepRb sequences between residues 921 and 960 mediate the STAT3 and LepRb phosphorylation-independent second signal that contributes to the control of energy balance and metabolism by leptin/LepRb. In addition to confirming the inhibitory role of the region (residues 961-1013) containing Tyr985, we also identified the region containing residues 1013-1053 (which contains no Tyr residues) as a second potential mediator of LepRb inhibition. Thus, the intracellular domain of LepRb mediates multiple Tyr-independent signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tammy M Barnes
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Kimi Shah
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Margaret B Allison
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Gabrielle K Steinl
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Desiree Gordian
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Paul V Sabatini
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Wenwen Cheng
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Justin C Jones
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Qing Zhu
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Chelsea Faber
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Martin G Myers
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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19
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Mármol-Sánchez E, Ramayo-Caldas Y, Quintanilla R, Cardoso TF, González-Prendes R, Tibau J, Amills M. Co-expression network analysis predicts a key role of microRNAs in the adaptation of the porcine skeletal muscle to nutrient supply. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2020; 11:10. [PMID: 31969983 PMCID: PMC6966835 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-019-0412-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of non-coding RNAs in the porcine muscle metabolism is poorly understood, with few studies investigating their expression patterns in response to nutrient supply. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the changes in microRNAs (miRNAs), long intergenic non-coding RNAs (lincRNAs) and mRNAs muscle expression before and after food intake. RESULTS We measured the miRNA, lincRNA and mRNA expression levels in the gluteus medius muscle of 12 gilts in a fasting condition (AL-T0) and 24 gilts fed ad libitum during either 5 h. (AL-T1, N = 12) or 7 h. (AL-T2, N = 12) prior to slaughter. The small RNA fraction was extracted from muscle samples retrieved from the 36 gilts and sequenced, whereas lincRNA and mRNA expression data were already available. In terms of mean and variance, the expression profiles of miRNAs and lincRNAs in the porcine muscle were quite different than those of mRNAs. Food intake induced the differential expression of 149 (AL-T0/AL-T1) and 435 (AL-T0/AL-T2) mRNAs, 6 (AL-T0/AL-T1) and 28 (AL-T0/AL-T2) miRNAs and none lincRNAs, while the number of differentially dispersed genes was much lower. Among the set of differentially expressed miRNAs, we identified ssc-miR-148a-3p, ssc-miR-22-3p and ssc-miR-1, which play key roles in the regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism. Besides, co-expression network analyses revealed several miRNAs that putatively interact with mRNAs playing key metabolic roles and that also showed differential expression before and after feeding. One case example was represented by seven miRNAs (ssc-miR-148a-3p, ssc-miR-151-3p, ssc-miR-30a-3p, ssc-miR-30e-3p, ssc-miR-421-5p, ssc-miR-493-5p and ssc-miR-503) which putatively interact with the PDK4 mRNA, one of the master regulators of glucose utilization and fatty acid oxidation. CONCLUSIONS As a whole, our results evidence that microRNAs are likely to play an important role in the porcine skeletal muscle metabolic adaptation to nutrient availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilio Mármol-Sánchez
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Yuliaxis Ramayo-Caldas
- Animal Breeding and Genetics Program, Institute for Research and Technology in Food and Agriculture (IRTA), Torre Marimon, 08140 Caldes de Montbui, Spain
| | - Raquel Quintanilla
- Animal Breeding and Genetics Program, Institute for Research and Technology in Food and Agriculture (IRTA), Torre Marimon, 08140 Caldes de Montbui, Spain
| | - Tainã Figueiredo Cardoso
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- Present address: Embrapa Pecuária Sudeste, Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (EMBRAPA), São Carlos, SP 13560-970 Brazil
| | - Rayner González-Prendes
- Department of Animal Science, Universitat de Lleida - Agrotecnio Center, 25198 Lleida, Spain
| | - Joan Tibau
- Animal Breeding and Genetics Program, Institute for Research and Technology in Food and Agriculture (IRTA), Torre Marimon, 08140 Caldes de Montbui, Spain
| | - Marcel Amills
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- Departament de Ciència Animal i dels Aliments, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
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20
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Cordonier EL, Liu T, Saito K, Chen SS, Xu Y, Fukuda M. Luciferase Reporter Mice for In Vivo Monitoring and Ex Vivo Assessment of Hypothalamic Signaling of Socs3 Expression. J Endocr Soc 2019; 3:1246-1260. [PMID: 31214662 PMCID: PMC6570635 DOI: 10.1210/js.2019-00077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Suppressor of cytokine signaling-3 (SOCS3) is a negative regulator of actions of cytokines and the metabolic hormone leptin. In the hypothalamus, SOCS3 is induced in response to several conditions such as inflammation and high-fat diet feeding, modulates cellular signaling of cytokines and leptin, and mediates the effects of these biological conditions. However, signaling mechanisms controlling hypothalamic Socs3 expression remains to be fully established. To facilitate the identification of molecular pathways of Socs3 induction, we generated a real-time gene expression reporter mouse of Socs3 (Socs3-Luc mice). We successfully detected a remarkable increase in luciferase activity in various tissues of Socs3-Luc mice in response to a peripheral injection of lipopolysaccharide, a potent inducer of inflammation, reflecting expression levels of endogenous Socs3 mRNA. Using ex vivo hypothalamic explants of Socs3-Luc mice, we demonstrate that hypothalamic luciferase activity was significantly elevated in slices stimulated with known inducers of Socs3 such as proinflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α, lipopolysaccharide, and cAMP-inducing agent forskolin. Using the ex vivo model, we found glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK3)β-specific inhibitors to be potent inducers of Socs3. Furthermore, pharmacological inhibitors of β-catenin, a downstream mediator of GSK3β signaling, reduced Socs3 luciferase activity ex vivo. Finally, hypothalamic inhibition of GSK3β hindered leptin-induced phosphorylation of signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 in hypothalamic explants. These results suggest that the Socs3-luciferase mouse is useful for in vivo monitoring of Socs3 gene expression and for ex vivo slice-based screening to identify signaling pathways that control Socs3 in the hypothalamus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth L Cordonier
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Tiemin Liu
- Division of Hypothalamic Research, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas
| | - Kenji Saito
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Siyu S Chen
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Yong Xu
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Makoto Fukuda
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
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21
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Cedernaes J, Huang W, Ramsey KM, Waldeck N, Cheng L, Marcheva B, Omura C, Kobayashi Y, Peek CB, Levine DC, Dhir R, Awatramani R, Bradfield CA, Wang XA, Takahashi JS, Mokadem M, Ahima RS, Bass J. Transcriptional Basis for Rhythmic Control of Hunger and Metabolism within the AgRP Neuron. Cell Metab 2019; 29:1078-1091.e5. [PMID: 30827863 PMCID: PMC6506361 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2019.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The alignment of fasting and feeding with the sleep/wake cycle is coordinated by hypothalamic neurons, though the underlying molecular programs remain incompletely understood. Here, we demonstrate that the clock transcription pathway maximizes eating during wakefulness and glucose production during sleep through autonomous circadian regulation of NPY/AgRP neurons. Tandem profiling of whole-cell and ribosome-bound mRNAs in morning and evening under dynamic fasting and fed conditions identified temporal control of activity-dependent gene repertoires in AgRP neurons central to synaptogenesis, bioenergetics, and neurotransmitter and peptidergic signaling. Synaptic and circadian pathways were specific to whole-cell RNA analyses, while bioenergetic pathways were selectively enriched in the ribosome-bound transcriptome. Finally, we demonstrate that the AgRP clock mediates the transcriptional response to leptin. Our results reveal that time-of-day restriction in transcriptional control of energy-sensing neurons underlies the alignment of hunger and food acquisition with the sleep/wake state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Cedernaes
- Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala SE-75124, Sweden
| | - Wenyu Huang
- Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Kathryn Moynihan Ramsey
- Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Nathan Waldeck
- Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Lei Cheng
- Weinberg College of Arts and Sciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Biliana Marcheva
- Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Chiaki Omura
- Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Yumiko Kobayashi
- Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Clara Bien Peek
- Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Daniel C Levine
- Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Ravindra Dhir
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Raj Awatramani
- Department of Neurology and Center for Genetic Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Christopher A Bradfield
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin Medical School, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Xiaozhong A Wang
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Weinberg College of Arts and Sciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Joseph S Takahashi
- Department of Neuroscience and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Mohamad Mokadem
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa, IA 52242, USA
| | - Rexford S Ahima
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Joseph Bass
- Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
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22
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Inoue F, Eckalbar WL, Wang Y, Murphy KK, Matharu N, Vaisse C, Ahituv N. Genomic and epigenomic mapping of leptin-responsive neuronal populations involved in body weight regulation. Nat Metab 2019; 1:475-484. [PMID: 31535083 PMCID: PMC6750255 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-019-0051-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Genome wide association studies (GWAS) in obesity have identified a large number of noncoding loci located near genes expressed in the central nervous system. However, due to the difficulties in isolating and characterizing specific neuronal subpopulations, few obesity-associated SNPs have been functionally characterized. Leptin responsive neurons in the hypothalamus are essential in controlling energy homeostasis and body weight. Here, we combine FACS-sorting of leptin-responsive hypothalamic neuron nuclei with genomic and epigenomic approaches (RNA-seq, ChIP-seq, ATAC-seq) to generate a comprehensive map of leptin-response specific regulatory elements, several of which overlap obesity-associated GWAS variants. We demonstrate the usefulness of our leptin-response neuron regulome, by functionally characterizing a novel enhancer near Socs3, a leptin response-associated transcription factor. We envision our data to serve as a useful resource and a blueprint for functionally characterizing obesity-associated SNPs in the hypothalamus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumitaka Inoue
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Walter L Eckalbar
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Yi Wang
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Karl K Murphy
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Navneet Matharu
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Christian Vaisse
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Nadav Ahituv
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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23
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Pan W, Allison MB, Sabatini P, Rupp A, Adams J, Patterson C, Jones JC, Olson DP, Myers MG. Transcriptional and physiological roles for STAT proteins in leptin action. Mol Metab 2019; 22:121-131. [PMID: 30718218 PMCID: PMC6437596 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2019.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Leptin acts via its receptor LepRb on specialized neurons in the brain to modulate food intake, energy expenditure, and body weight. LepRb activates signal transducers and activators of transcription (STATs, including STAT1, STAT3, and STAT5) to control gene expression. METHODS Because STAT3 is crucial for physiologic leptin action, we used TRAP-seq to examine gene expression in LepRb neurons of mice ablated for Stat3 in LepRb neurons (Stat3LepRbKO mice), revealing the STAT3-dependent transcriptional targets of leptin. To understand roles for STAT proteins in leptin action, we also ablated STAT1 or STAT5 from LepRb neurons and expressed a constitutively-active STAT3 (CASTAT3) in LepRb neurons. RESULTS While we also found increased Stat1 expression and STAT1-mediated transcription of leptin-regulated genes in Stat3LepRbKO mice, ablating Stat1 in LepRb neurons failed to alter energy balance (even on the Stat3LepRbKO background); ablating Stat5 in LepRb neurons also failed to alter energy balance. Importantly, expression of a constitutively-active STAT3 (CASTAT3) in LepRb neurons decreased food intake and body weight and improved metabolic parameters in leptin-deficient (ob/ob) mice, as well as in wild-type animals. CONCLUSIONS Thus, STAT3 represents the unique STAT protein required for leptin action and STAT3 suffices to mediate important components of leptin action in the absence of other LepRb signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Warren Pan
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Margaret B Allison
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Paul Sabatini
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Alan Rupp
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jessica Adams
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Christa Patterson
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Justin C Jones
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - David P Olson
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Martin G Myers
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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24
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Leptin Signaling in the Control of Metabolism and Appetite: Lessons from Animal Models. J Mol Neurosci 2018; 66:390-402. [DOI: 10.1007/s12031-018-1185-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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25
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Edhager AV, Povlsen JA, Løfgren B, Bøtker HE, Palmfeldt J. Proteomics of the Rat Myocardium during Development of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Reveals Progressive Alterations in Major Metabolic Pathways. J Proteome Res 2018; 17:2521-2532. [PMID: 29847139 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.8b00276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Congestive heart failure and poor clinical outcome after myocardial infarction are known complications in patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Protein alterations may be involved in the mechanisms underlying these disarrays in the diabetic heart. Here we map proteins involved in intracellular metabolic pathways in the Zucker diabetic fatty rat heart as T2DM develops using MS based proteomics. The prediabetic state only induced minor pathway changes, whereas onset and late T2DM caused pronounced perturbations. Two actin-associated proteins, ARPC2 and TPM3, were up-regulated at the prediabetic state indicating increased actin dynamics. All differentially regulated proteins involved in fatty acid metabolism, both peroxisomal and mitochondrial, were up-regulated at late T2DM, whereas enzymes of branched chain amino acid degradation were all down-regulated. At both onset and late T2DM, two members of the serine protease inhibitor superfamily, SERPINA3K and SERPINA3L, were down-regulated. Furthermore, we found alterations in proteins involved in clearance of advanced glycation end-products and lipotoxicity, DCXR and CBR1, at both onset and late T2DM. These proteins deserve elucidation with regard to their role in T2DM pathogenesis and their respective role in the deterioration of the diabetic heart. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifiers PXD009538, PXD009554, and PXD009555.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders Valdemar Edhager
- Research Unit for Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Medicine , Aarhus University and Aarhus University Hospital , 8200 , Aarhus N , Denmark
| | | | - Bo Løfgren
- Department of Cardiology , Aarhus University Hospital , 8200 , Aarhus N , Denmark.,Institute for Experimental Clinical Research , Aarhus University , 8000 , Aarhus C , Denmark
| | - Hans Erik Bøtker
- Department of Cardiology , Aarhus University Hospital , 8200 , Aarhus N , Denmark
| | - Johan Palmfeldt
- Research Unit for Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Medicine , Aarhus University and Aarhus University Hospital , 8200 , Aarhus N , Denmark
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26
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Pan W, Adams JM, Allison MB, Patterson C, Flak JN, Jones J, Strohbehn G, Trevaskis J, Rhodes CJ, Olson DP, Myers MG. Essential Role for Hypothalamic Calcitonin Receptor‒Expressing Neurons in the Control of Food Intake by Leptin. Endocrinology 2018; 159:1860-1872. [PMID: 29522093 PMCID: PMC5888224 DOI: 10.1210/en.2017-03259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The adipocyte-derived hormone leptin acts via its receptor (LepRb) on central nervous system neurons to communicate the repletion of long-term energy stores, to decrease food intake, and to promote energy expenditure. We generated mice that express Cre recombinase from the calcitonin receptor (Calcr) locus (Calcrcre mice) to study Calcr-expressing LepRb (LepRbCalcr) neurons, which reside predominantly in the arcuate nucleus (ARC). Calcrcre-mediated ablation of LepRb in LepRbCalcrknockout (KO) mice caused hyperphagic obesity. Because LepRb-mediated transcriptional control plays a crucial role in leptin action, we used translating ribosome affinity purification followed by RNA sequencing to define the transcriptome of hypothalamic Calcr neurons, along with its alteration in LepRbCalcrKO mice. We found that ARC LepRbCalcr cells include neuropeptide Y (NPY)/agouti-related peptide (AgRP)/γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) ("NAG") cells as well as non-NAG cells that are distinct from pro-opiomelanocortin cells. Furthermore, although LepRbCalcrKO mice exhibited dysregulated expression of several genes involved in energy balance, neither the expression of Agrp and Npy nor the activity of NAG cells was altered in vivo. Thus, although direct leptin action via LepRbCalcr cells plays an important role in leptin action, our data also suggest that leptin indirectly, as well as directly, regulates these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Warren Pan
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Jessica M Adams
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Margaret B Allison
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Christa Patterson
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Jonathan N Flak
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Justin Jones
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Garth Strohbehn
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | | | | | - David P Olson
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Martin G Myers
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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