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Gao J, Mendes de Leon CF, Zhang B, Weuve J, Langa KM, D'Souza J, Szpiro A, Faul J, Kaufman JD, Hirth R, Adar SD. Long-term air pollution exposure and incident physical disability in older US adults: a cohort study. THE LANCET. HEALTHY LONGEVITY 2024; 5:100629. [PMID: 39342952 DOI: 10.1016/j.lanhl.2024.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 10/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Disability is a key marker of overall physical health in older adults and is often preceded by chronic disease. Although air pollution is a well recognised risk factor for multiple chronic diseases, its association with physical disability has not been well characterised. We investigated the associations of air pollutants with physical disability in a large cohort representative of older adults in the USA. METHODS We used biennial data on incident activities of daily living (ADL) disability collected from respondents of the Health and Retirement Survey between 2000 and 2016. As part of the Environmental Predictors of Cognitive Health and Aging study, we estimated 10-year average PM2·5, PM10-2·5, nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and ozone (O3) concentrations at participant residences before each survey using spatiotemporal prediction models. We used a time-varying, weighted Cox model to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) for incident physical disability per interquartile increase of air pollution with detailed adjustments for confounders. FINDINGS Among 15 411 respondents aged 65 years and older (mean age 70·2 [SD 6·5] years; 55% female, 45% male), 48% of respondents reported newly having ADL disability during a mean follow-up of 7·9 years (SD 4·7). In fully adjusted models, we found greater risks of ADL disability associated with higher concentrations of PM2·5 (HR 1·03 per 3·7 μg/m³ [95% CI 0·99-1·08], p=0·16), PM10-2·5 (1·05 per 4·9 μg/m³ [1·00-1·11], p=0·022), and NO2 (1·03 per 7·5 ppb [0·99-1·08]. p=0·064), although not all these associations were statistically significant. In contrast, O3 was associated with a lower risk of ADL disability (0·95 per 3·7 ppb [0·91-1·00], p=0·030). In a multi-pollutant model, associations were similar to the single-pollutant models for PM10-2·5 (1·05 per 4·9 μg/m³ [1·00-1·11], p=0·041) and O3 (0·94 per 3·7 ppb [0·88-1·01], p=0·083). INTERPRETATION Our findings suggest that air pollution might be an underappreciated risk factor for physical disability in later life, although additional research is needed. FUNDING National Institutes of Environmental Health Sciences and National Institute on Aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Gao
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | | | - Boya Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jennifer Weuve
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kenneth M Langa
- Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; University of Michigan Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Institute for Healthcare Policy and Innovation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Veterans Affairs Center for Clinical Management Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jennifer D'Souza
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Adam Szpiro
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jessica Faul
- Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Joel D Kaufman
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Richard Hirth
- Department of Health Management and Policy, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Sara D Adar
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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2
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Li J, Deng Z, Soerensen SJC, Kachuri L, Cardenas A, Graff RE, Leppert JT, Langston ME, Chung BI. Ambient air pollution and urological cancer risk: A systematic review and meta-analysis of epidemiological evidence. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5116. [PMID: 38879581 PMCID: PMC11180144 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48857-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Exposure to ambient air pollution has significant adverse health effects; however, whether air pollution is associated with urological cancer is largely unknown. We conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis with epidemiological studies, showing that a 5 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5 exposure is associated with a 6%, 7%, and 9%, increased risk of overall urological, bladder, and kidney cancer, respectively; and a 10 μg/m3 increase in NO2 is linked to a 3%, 4%, and 4% higher risk of overall urological, bladder, and prostate cancer, respectively. Were these associations to reflect causal relationships, lowering PM2.5 levels to 5.8 μg/m3 could reduce the age-standardized rate of urological cancer by 1.5 ~ 27/100,000 across the 15 countries with the highest PM2.5 level from the top 30 countries with the highest urological cancer burden. Implementing global health policies that can improve air quality could potentially reduce the risk of urologic cancer and alleviate its burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhui Li
- Department of Urology, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - Zhengyi Deng
- Department of Urology, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Simon John Christoph Soerensen
- Department of Urology, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology & Population Health, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Linda Kachuri
- Department of Epidemiology & Population Health, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Andres Cardenas
- Department of Epidemiology & Population Health, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Rebecca E Graff
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - John T Leppert
- Department of Urology, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA, USA
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Division of Urology, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Marvin E Langston
- Department of Epidemiology & Population Health, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Benjamin I Chung
- Department of Urology, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA, USA
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3
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Qiao JC, Sun LJ, Zhang MY, Gui SY, Wang XC, Hu CY. Association between ambient particulate matter exposure and mitochondrial DNA copy number: A systematic review and meta-analysis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 923:171423. [PMID: 38442762 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ambient particulate matter (PM) has been recognized as inducing oxidative stress, which could contribute to mitochondrial damage and dysfunction. However, studies investigating the association between ambient PM and mitochondria, particularly mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNA-CN), have yielded inconsistent results. METHODS We conducted comprehensive literature searches to identify observational studies published before July 17, 2023, examining the association between ambient PM exposure and mtDNA-CN. Meta-analysis using random effects model was employed to calculate the pooled effect estimates for general individual exposures, as well as for prenatal exposure with specific trimester. Additionally, the quality and level of evidence for each exposure-outcome pair was evaluated. RESULTS A total of 10 studies were included in the systematic review and meta-analysis. The results indicated that general individual exposure to PM2.5 (β = -0.084, 95 % CI: -0.521, 0.353; I2 = 93 %) and PM10 (β = 0.035, 95 % CI: -0.129, 0.199; I2 = 95 %) did not significantly affect mtDNA-CN. Prenatal exposure to PM2.5 (β = 0.023, 95 % CI: -0.087, 0.133; I2 = 0 %) and PM10 (β = 0.006, 95 % CI: -0.135; 0.147; I2 = 51 %) were also not significantly associated with mtDNA-CN in offspring. The level of evidence for each tested exposure-outcome pair was assessed as "inadequate." CONCLUSIONS The findings of this systematic review and meta-analysis indicate that there is an "inadequate" strength of evidence for the association between general individual or prenatal exposure to ambient PM and mtDNA-CN. Future research necessitates studies with more rigorous design, enhanced control of confounding factors, and improved measures of exposure to substantiate our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Chao Qiao
- Department of Clinical Medicine, The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Liang-Jie Sun
- Department of Clinical Medicine, The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Meng-Yue Zhang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Si-Yu Gui
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 678 Furong Road, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Xin-Chen Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 678 Furong Road, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Cheng-Yang Hu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, China; Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, United States; Department of Humanistic Medicine, School of Humanistic Medicine, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, China.
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Khan RN, Saporito AF, Zenon J, Goodman L, Zelikoff JT. Traffic-related air pollution in marginalized neighborhoods: a community perspective. Inhal Toxicol 2024; 36:343-354. [PMID: 38618680 DOI: 10.1080/08958378.2024.2331259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Marginalized communities are exposed to higher levels of traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) than the general population. TRAP exposure is linked to pulmonary toxicity, neurotoxicity, and cardiovascular toxicity often through mechanisms of inflammation and oxidative stress. Early life exposure to TRAP is also implicated in higher rates of asthma in these same communities. There is a critical need for additional epidemiological, in vivo, and in vitro studies to define the health risks of TRAP exposure affecting the most vulnerable groups to set strict, protective air pollution standards in these communities. MATERIALS AND METHODS A literature review was conducted to summarize recent findings (2010-2024) concerning TRAP exposure and toxic mechanisms that are relevant to the most affected underserved communities. CONCLUSIONS Guided by the perspectives of NYC community scientists, this contemporary review of toxicological and epidemiological studies considers how the exposome could lead to disproportionate exposures and health effects in underserved populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahanna N Khan
- Division of Environmental Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Antonio F Saporito
- Division of Environmental Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jania Zenon
- Division of Environmental Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Judith T Zelikoff
- Division of Environmental Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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5
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Cafora M, Rovelli S, Cattaneo A, Pistocchi A, Ferrari L. Short-term exposure to fine particulate matter exposure impairs innate immune and inflammatory responses to a pathogen stimulus: A functional study in the zebrafish model. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 348:123841. [PMID: 38521398 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
Short-term exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is associated with the activation of adverse inflammatory responses, increasing the risk of developing acute respiratory diseases, such as those caused by pathogen infections. However, the functional mechanisms underlying this evidence remain unclear. In the present study, we generated a zebrafish model of short-term exposure to a specific PM2.5, collected in the northern metropolitan area of Milan, Italy. First, we assessed the immunomodulatory effects of short-term PM2.5 exposure and observed that it elicited pro-inflammatory effects by inducing the expression of cytokines and triggering hyper-activation of both neutrophil and macrophage cell populations. Moreover, we examined the impact of a secondary infectious pro-inflammatory stimulus induced through the injection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa lipopolysaccharide (Pa-LPS) molecules after exposure to short-term PM2.5. In this model, we demonstrated that the innate immune response was less responsive to a second pro-inflammatory infectious stimulus. Indeed, larvae exhibited dampened leukocyte activation and impaired production of reactive oxygen species. The obtained results indicate that short-term PM2.5 exposure alters the immune microenvironment and affects the inflammatory processes, thus potentially weakening the resistance to pathogen infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Cafora
- EPIGET LAB, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Sabrina Rovelli
- RAHH LAB, Department of Science and High Technology, University of Insubria, Como, Italy
| | - Andrea Cattaneo
- RAHH LAB, Department of Science and High Technology, University of Insubria, Como, Italy
| | - Anna Pistocchi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Ferrari
- EPIGET LAB, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Unit of Occupational Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico di Milano, Milan, Italy.
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6
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Melzi G, Massimi L, Frezzini MA, Iulini M, Tarallo N, Rinaldi M, Paglione M, Nozza E, Crova F, Valentini S, Valli G, Costabile F, Canepari S, Decesari S, Vecchi R, Marinovich M, Corsini E. Redox-activity and in vitro effects of regional atmospheric aerosol pollution: Seasonal differences and correlation between oxidative potential and in vitro toxicity of PM 1. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2024; 485:116913. [PMID: 38522584 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2024.116913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Particulate Matter (PM) is a complex and heterogeneous mixture of atmospheric particles recognized as a threat to human health. Oxidative Potential (OP) measurement is a promising and integrative method for estimating PM-induced health impacts since it is recognized as more closely associated with adverse health effects than ordinarily used PM mass concentrations. OP measurements could be introduced in the air quality monitoring, along with the parameters currently evaluated. PM deposition in the lungs induces oxidative stress, inflammation, and DNA damage. The study aimed to compare the OP measurements with toxicological effects on BEAS-2B and THP-1 cells of winter and summer PM1 collected in the Po Valley (Italy) during 2021. PM1 was extracted in deionized water by mechanical agitation and tested for OP and, in parallel, used to treat cells. Cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, oxidative stress, and inflammatory responses were assessed by MTT test, DCFH-DA assay, micronucleus, γ-H2AX, comet assay modified with endonucleases, ELISA, and Real-Time PCR. The evaluation of OP was performed by applying three different assays: dithiothreitol (OPDTT), ascorbic acid (OPAA), and 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein (OPDCFH), in addition, the reducing potential was also analysed (RPDPPH). Seasonal differences were detected in all the parameters investigated. The amount of DNA damage detected with the Comet assay and ROS formation highlights the presence of oxidative damage both in winter and in summer samples, while DNA damage (micronucleus) and genes regulation were mainly detected in winter samples. A positive correlation with OPDCFH (Spearman's analysis, p < 0.05) was detected for IL-8 secretion and γ-H2AX. These results provide a biological support to the implementation in air quality monitoring of OP measurements as a useful proxy to estimate PM-induced cellular toxicological responses. In addition, these results provide new insights for the assessment of the ability of secondary aerosol in the background atmosphere to induce oxidative stress and health effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Melzi
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Science (DiSFeB) "Rodolfo Paoletti", Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Lorenzo Massimi
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro, 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; Institute of Atmospheric Pollution Research, National Research Council, Via Salaria, Km 29,300, Monterotondo St., 00015 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Agostina Frezzini
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro, 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; ARPA Lazio, Regional Environmental Protection Agency, Via Boncompagni 101, 00187 Rome, Italy
| | - Martina Iulini
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Science (DiSFeB) "Rodolfo Paoletti", Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Naima Tarallo
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Science (DiSFeB) "Rodolfo Paoletti", Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Rinaldi
- Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate, National Research Council, 40129 Bologna, Italy; National Biodiversity Future Center, NBFC, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Marco Paglione
- Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate, National Research Council, 40129 Bologna, Italy; National Biodiversity Future Center, NBFC, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Emma Nozza
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Science (DiSFeB) "Rodolfo Paoletti", Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milan, Italy; Experimental Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via L. Vanvitelli 32, 20129 Milan, Italy; Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via della Commenda 19, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Crova
- Department of Physics, Università degli Studi di Milano & INFN-Milano, Via Celoria 16, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Valentini
- Department of Physics, Università degli Studi di Milano & INFN-Milano, Via Celoria 16, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Gianluigi Valli
- Department of Physics, Università degli Studi di Milano & INFN-Milano, Via Celoria 16, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Costabile
- National Biodiversity Future Center, NBFC, 90133 Palermo, Italy; Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate, National Research Council, Via Fosso del Cavaliere 100, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Canepari
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro, 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; Institute of Atmospheric Pollution Research, National Research Council, Via Salaria, Km 29,300, Monterotondo St., 00015 Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Decesari
- Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate, National Research Council, 40129 Bologna, Italy; National Biodiversity Future Center, NBFC, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Roberta Vecchi
- Department of Physics, Università degli Studi di Milano & INFN-Milano, Via Celoria 16, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Marina Marinovich
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Science (DiSFeB) "Rodolfo Paoletti", Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Emanuela Corsini
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Science (DiSFeB) "Rodolfo Paoletti", Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milan, Italy
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Meraz-Cruz N, Manzano-León N, Sandoval-Colin DE, García de León Méndez MDC, Quintana-Belmares R, Tapia LS, Osornio-Vargas AR, Buxton MA, O'Neill MS, Vadillo-Ortega F. Effects of PM 10 Airborne Particles from Different Regions of a Megacity on In Vitro Secretion of Cytokines by a Monocyte Line during Different Seasons. TOXICS 2024; 12:149. [PMID: 38393244 PMCID: PMC10892217 DOI: 10.3390/toxics12020149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Several epidemiological studies have demonstrated that particulate matter (PM) in air pollution can be involved in the genesis or aggravation of different cardiovascular, respiratory, perinatal, and cancer diseases. This study assessed the in vitro effects of PM10 on the secretion of cytokines by a human monocytic cell line (THP-1). We compared the chemotactic, pro-inflammatory, and anti-inflammatory cytokines induced by PM10 collected for two years during three different seasons in five different Mexico City locations. MIP-1α, IP-10, MCP-1, TNF-α, and VEGF were the main secretion products after stimulation with 80 μg/mL of PM10 for 24 h. The THP-1 cells showed a differential response to PM10 obtained in the different sites of Mexico City. The PM10 from the north and the central city areas induced a higher pro-inflammatory cytokine response than those from the south. Seasonal pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion always exceeded anti-inflammatory secretion. The rainy-season-derived particles caused the lowest pro-inflammatory effects. We concluded that toxicological assessment of airborne particles provides evidence supporting their potential role in the chronic exacerbation of local or systemic inflammatory responses that may worsen the evolution of some chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noemi Meraz-Cruz
- Unidad de Vinculación Científica de la Facultad de Medicina, UNAM en el Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Mexico City 14610, Mexico
| | - Natalia Manzano-León
- Subdirección de Investigación Básica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Daniel Eduardo Sandoval-Colin
- Unidad de Vinculación Científica de la Facultad de Medicina, UNAM en el Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Mexico City 14610, Mexico
| | | | - Raúl Quintana-Belmares
- Subdirección de Investigación Básica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Laura Sevilla Tapia
- Subdirección de Investigación Básica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Alvaro R Osornio-Vargas
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1C9, Canada
| | - Miatta A Buxton
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Marie S O'Neill
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Felipe Vadillo-Ortega
- Unidad de Vinculación Científica de la Facultad de Medicina, UNAM en el Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Mexico City 14610, Mexico
- Department of Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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8
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Ghosh B, Barman HC, Ghosh S, Habib MM, Mahato J, Dayal L, Mahato S, Sao P, Murmu AC, Chowdhury AD, Pramanik S, Biswas R, Kumar S, Padhy PK. Air pollution status and attributable health effects across the state of West Bengal, India, during 2016-2021. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2024; 196:165. [PMID: 38233613 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-024-12333-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Air pollution is one of the most significant threats to human safety due to its detrimental health consequences worldwide. This study examines the air pollution levels in 22 districts of West Bengal from 2016 to 2021, using data from 81 stations operated by the West Bengal Pollution Control Board (WBPCB). The study assesses the short- and long-term impacts of particulate matter (PM) on human health. The highest annual variation of PM10 was noted in 2016 (106.99 ± 34.17 μg/m3), and the lowest was reported in 2020 (88.02 ± 13.61 μg/m3), whereas the highest annual variations of NO2 (μg/m3) were found in 2016 (35.17 ± 13.55 μg/m3), and lowest in 2019 (29.72 ± 13.08 μg/m3). Similarly, the SO2 level was lower (5.35 μg/m3) in 2017 and higher in 2020 (7.78 μg/m3). In the state, Bardhaman, Bankura, Kolkata, and Howrah recorded the highest PM10 concentrations. The monthly and seasonal variations of pollution showed higher in December, January, and February (winter season) and lowest observed in June, July, and August (rainy season). The southern part of West Bengal state has recorded higher pollution levels than the northern part. The short- and long-term health impact assessment due to particulate matter shows that the estimated number of attributable cases (ENACs) for incidence of chronic bronchitis in adults and prevalence of bronchitis in children were 305,234 and 14,652 respectively. The long-term impact of PM2.5 on human health ENACs for mortality due to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease for adults, acute lower respiratory infections in children aged 0-5, lung cancer, and stroke for adults were 21,303, 12,477, 25,064, 94,406, and 86,272 respectively. This outcome assists decision-makers and stakeholders in effectively addressing the air pollution and health risk concerns within the specified area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Buddhadev Ghosh
- Department of Environmental Studies, Visva-Bharati, Siksha Bhavana (Institute of Science), Santiniketan, Birbhum, West Bengal, 731235, India
| | - Harish Chandra Barman
- Department of Environmental Studies, Visva-Bharati, Siksha Bhavana (Institute of Science), Santiniketan, Birbhum, West Bengal, 731235, India
| | - Sayoni Ghosh
- Department of Environmental Studies, Visva-Bharati, Siksha Bhavana (Institute of Science), Santiniketan, Birbhum, West Bengal, 731235, India
| | - Md Maimun Habib
- Department of Environmental Studies, Visva-Bharati, Siksha Bhavana (Institute of Science), Santiniketan, Birbhum, West Bengal, 731235, India
| | - Jayashree Mahato
- Department of Environmental Studies, Visva-Bharati, Siksha Bhavana (Institute of Science), Santiniketan, Birbhum, West Bengal, 731235, India
| | - Lovely Dayal
- Department of Environmental Studies, Visva-Bharati, Siksha Bhavana (Institute of Science), Santiniketan, Birbhum, West Bengal, 731235, India
| | - Susmita Mahato
- Department of Environmental Studies, Visva-Bharati, Siksha Bhavana (Institute of Science), Santiniketan, Birbhum, West Bengal, 731235, India
| | - Priti Sao
- Department of Environmental Studies, Visva-Bharati, Siksha Bhavana (Institute of Science), Santiniketan, Birbhum, West Bengal, 731235, India
| | - Atul Chandra Murmu
- Department of Environmental Studies, Visva-Bharati, Siksha Bhavana (Institute of Science), Santiniketan, Birbhum, West Bengal, 731235, India
| | - Ayontika Deb Chowdhury
- Department of Environmental Studies, Visva-Bharati, Siksha Bhavana (Institute of Science), Santiniketan, Birbhum, West Bengal, 731235, India
| | - Sourina Pramanik
- Department of Environmental Studies, Visva-Bharati, Siksha Bhavana (Institute of Science), Santiniketan, Birbhum, West Bengal, 731235, India
| | - Rupsa Biswas
- Department of Environmental Studies, Visva-Bharati, Siksha Bhavana (Institute of Science), Santiniketan, Birbhum, West Bengal, 731235, India
| | - Sushil Kumar
- Department of Environmental Studies, Visva-Bharati, Siksha Bhavana (Institute of Science), Santiniketan, Birbhum, West Bengal, 731235, India
| | - Pratap Kumar Padhy
- Department of Environmental Studies, Visva-Bharati, Siksha Bhavana (Institute of Science), Santiniketan, Birbhum, West Bengal, 731235, India.
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9
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Ortiz A, Sun H, Kluz T, Matsui MS, Carle T, Gan D, Gordon T, Gildea L, Costa M. A combination of three antioxidants decreases the impact of rural particulate pollution in Normal human keratinocytes. Int J Cosmet Sci 2023; 45:791-801. [PMID: 37602524 DOI: 10.1111/ics.12888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE It is well established that exposure of human skin to airborne pollution, particularly in the form of particulate matter sized 2.5 μm (PM2.5 ), is associated with oxidative stress, DNA damage and inflammation, leading to premature signs of skin aging. Because much of the damage results from oxidative stress, we examined the effects of a topical composition containing three antioxidants in an in vitro model system to assess the potential for amelioration of premature aging. The use of multiple antioxidants was of interest based on the typical composition of therapeutic skincare products. It is important to determine the efficacy of multiple antioxidants together and develop a short-term assay for larger scale efficacy testing. METHODS Normal human epidermal keratinocytes were exposed to a rural-derived source of PM2.5 in the presence and absence of an antioxidant mixture of resveratrol, niacinamide and GHK peptide. Endpoints related to inflammation, premature aging and carcinogenicity were monitored after 5 h of exposure and included IL-6, CXCL10, MMP-1 and NRF2. Differentially expressed genes were monitored by RNA-seq. RESULTS Pre-treatment of keratinocytes with the antioxidant preparation in the absence of PM2.5 reduced baseline levels of MMP-1, IL-6 and CYP1A1 and reduced PM2.5 -induced increases in all four endpoints, MMP-1, IL-6, CXCL10 and CYP1A1. Antioxidants significantly increased NRF2 protein in the presence of PM2.5 , indicating a protective response. RNA-seq interrogation of antioxidant-treated cells further showed increased expression of NRF2 inducible genes. The expression of CYP1A1 and genes related to aryl hydrocarbon activation were induced by PM2.5 and suppressed by antioxidants. CONCLUSIONS Specific signalling pathways known to be correlated with skin inflammation and aging were examined based on their suitability for use in efficacy testing for the prevention of skin damage due to ambient hydrocarbon pollution. Endpoints examined after only 5 h of exposure provide a useful method amenable to high through-put screening. The results obtained reinforce the concept that a multiple antioxidant preparation, topically applied, may reduce pro-inflammatory signalling and cellular damage and thereby reduce premature skin aging due to exposure to rural-derived airborne pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelica Ortiz
- Environmental Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York University, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Hong Sun
- Environmental Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York University, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Thomas Kluz
- Environmental Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York University, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Mary S Matsui
- Mary Kay Inc, Lewisville, Texas, USA
- Skin Biology Research Group, Teaneck, New Jersey, USA
| | | | - David Gan
- Mary Kay Inc, Lewisville, Texas, USA
| | - Terry Gordon
- Environmental Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York University, New York City, New York, USA
| | | | - Max Costa
- Environmental Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York University, New York City, New York, USA
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10
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Olubusoye BS, Cizdziel JV, Bee M, Moore MT, Pineda M, Yargeau V, Bennett ER. Toxic Tire Wear Compounds (6PPD-Q and 4-ADPA) Detected in Airborne Particulate Matter Along a Highway in Mississippi, USA. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2023; 111:68. [PMID: 37940736 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-023-03820-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Tire wear particles (TWPs) are a major category of microplastic pollution produced by friction between tires and road surfaces. This non-exhaust particulate matter (PM) containing leachable toxic compounds is transported through the air and with stormwater runoff, leading to environmental pollution and human health concerns. In the present study, we collected airborne PM at varying distances (5, 15 and 30 m) along US Highway 278 in Oxford, Mississippi, USA, for ten consecutive days using Sigma-2 passive samplers. Particles (~ 1-80 μm) were passively collected directly into small (60 mL) wide-mouth separatory funnels placed inside the samplers. Particles were subsequently subjected to solvent extraction, and extracts were analyzed for TWP compounds by high resolution orbitrap mass spectrometry. This pilot study was focused solely on qualitative analyses to determine whether TWP compounds were present in this fraction of airborne PM. The abundance of airborne TWPs increased with proximity to the road with deposition rates (TWPs cm-2 day-1) of 23, 47, and 63 at 30 m, 15 m, and 5 m from the highway, respectively. Two common TWP compounds (6PPD-Q and 4-ADPA) were detected in all samples, except the field blank, at levels above their limits of detection, estimated at 2.90 and 1.14 ng L-1, respectively. Overall, this work suggests airborne TWPs may be a potential inhalation hazard, particularly for individuals and wildlife who spend extended periods outdoors along busy roadways. Research on the bioavailability of TWP compounds from inhaled TWPs is needed to address exposure risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boluwatife S Olubusoye
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, 38677, USA
| | - James V Cizdziel
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, 38677, USA.
| | - Matthew Bee
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, 38677, USA
| | - Matthew T Moore
- Water Quality and Ecology Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Oxford, MS, 38655, USA
| | - Marco Pineda
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Viviane Yargeau
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Erin R Bennett
- School of the Environment, Trent University, Peterborough, ON, Canada
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11
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Wang H, Lyu L, Gao Y, Shi J, Wang B, Zheng L, Wang Y. A case study on occupational exposure assessment and characterization of particles in a printing shop in China. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2023:10.1007/s10653-023-01592-x. [PMID: 37133770 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-023-01592-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Printers can release numerous particles to contaminate indoor environments and pose health risks. Clarifying the exposure level and physicochemical properties of printer-emitted particles (PEPs) will help to evaluate the health risks of printer operator. In our study, the particles concentration in the printing shop was monitored in real time for a long time (12 h/day, total 6 days), and the PEPs were collected to characterize their physicochemical properties including shape, size and compositions. The result showed that the concentration of PEPs is closely related to the printing workload and the highest particle mass concentration of PM10 and PM2.5 was 212.73 μg m-3 and 91.48 μg m-3, respectively. The concentration of PM1 in the printing shop was in the range of 11.88-80.59 μg m-3 for mass value, and 174.83-1348.84 P cm-3 for count value which changed with the printing volume. The particle sizes of PEPs were less than 900 nm, 47.99% of PEPs was less than 200 nm, and 14.21% of the particles were at the nanoscale. PEPs contained 68.92% organic carbon (OC), 5.31% elemental carbon (EC), 3.17% metal elements, and 22.60% other inorganic additives, which contained more OC and metal elements than toners. Total polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) levels were 18.95 ng/mg in toner and 120.70 ng/mg in PEPs. The carcinogenic risk of PAHs in PEPs was 1.40 × 10-7. These findings suggested future studies should pay more attention to the health effects of printing workers exposed to nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbo Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Lizhi Lyu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanjun Gao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiazhang Shi
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Wang
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingna Zheng
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China.
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12
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Panjali Z, Abdolmaleki P, Hajipour-Verdom B, Hahad O, Zendehdel R. Lung cell toxicity of co-exposure to airborne particulate matter and extremely low-frequency magnetic field. Xenobiotica 2022; 52:370-379. [PMID: 35608272 DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2022.2082342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Although the toxic effects of urban airborne particulate matter (PM) have been known on lung cells, there is less attention to co-exposure to PM and extremely low frequency magnetic (ELF-MF) in occupational settings. The present study investigated the influences of PM and ELF-MF co-exposure on toxicity in human lung cells (A549).In this case, total PM (TPM) was evaluated according to NIOSH-0500. The TPM SiO2 and metal contents were determined based on NIOSH-7602 and 7302, respectively. Besides, 900 mG ELF-MF exposure was simulated based on field measurements. The toxicity mechanisms were assessed by examining malondialdehyde, glutathione ratio, gene expression, and DNA strand breaks. Also, the toxicity indicators of the TPM samples were MDA generation, glutathione depletion, and DNA damage, and their impacts were analysed at doses below the LD50 (4 µg).In addition, gene expression of OGG1 and MTH1 was upregulated after TPM exposure at the lowest dose (2 µg). But ITPA was upregulated in the presence of ELF-MF. The co-exposure to TPM and ELF-MF decreased oxidative stress and DNA damage levels compared to a single exposure to TPM.Although the ELF-MF reduced toxicity in response to TPM, this reduction was not lower than the unexposed cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Panjali
- Department of Occupational Health Engineering, Faculty of Health and Medical Engineering, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parviz Abdolmaleki
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biological Science, Tarbiat Modarres University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behnam Hajipour-Verdom
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biological Science, Tarbiat Modarres University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Omar Hahad
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiology I, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Mainz, Germany
| | - Rezvan Zendehdel
- Department of Occupational Health and Safety, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
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13
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Wieland S, Balmes A, Bender J, Kitzinger J, Meyer F, Ramsperger AF, Roeder F, Tengelmann C, Wimmer BH, Laforsch C, Kress H. From properties to toxicity: Comparing microplastics to other airborne microparticles. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 428:128151. [PMID: 35042167 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.128151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Microplastic (MP) debris is considered as a potentially hazardous material. It is omnipresent in our environment, and evidence that MP is also abundant in the atmosphere is increasing. Consequently, the inhalation of these particles is a significant exposure route to humans. Concerns about potential effects of airborne MP on human health are rising. However, currently, there are not enough studies on the putative toxicity of airborne MP to adequately assess its impact on human health. Therefore, we examined potential drivers of airborne MP toxicity. Physicochemical properties like size, shape, ζ-potential, adsorbed molecules and pathogens, and the MP's bio-persistence have been proposed as possible drivers of MP toxicity. Since their role in MP toxicity is largely unknown, we reviewed the literature on toxicologically well-studied non-plastic airborne microparticles (asbestos, silica, soot, wood, cotton, hay). We aimed to link the observed health effects and toxicology of these microparticles to the abovementioned properties. By comparing this information with studies on the effects of airborne MP, we analyzed possible mechanisms of airborne MP toxicity. Thus, we provide a basis for a mechanistic understanding of airborne MP toxicity. This may enable the assessment of risks associated with airborne MP pollution, facilitating effective policymaking and product design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Wieland
- Biological Physics, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany; Animal Ecology I and BayCEER, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Aylin Balmes
- Institute of Applied Physics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Julian Bender
- Institute for Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Interdisciplinary Research Center HALOmem, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Jonas Kitzinger
- Department of Physics, Humboldt University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Felix Meyer
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Anja Frm Ramsperger
- Biological Physics, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany; Animal Ecology I and BayCEER, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Franz Roeder
- Institute of Optics and Quantum Electronics, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Caroline Tengelmann
- Medical Faculty, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Therapy, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | | | - Christian Laforsch
- Animal Ecology I and BayCEER, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany.
| | - Holger Kress
- Biological Physics, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany.
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14
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Kermani M, Rahmatinia T, Oskoei V, Norzaee S, Shahsavani A, Farzadkia M, Kazemi MH. Potential cytotoxicity of trace elements and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons bounded to particulate matter: a review on in vitro studies on human lung epithelial cells. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:55888-55904. [PMID: 34490568 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16306-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A large number of studies have been conducted for clarifying toxicological mechanisms of particulate matter (PM) aimed to investigate the physicochemical properties of PM and providing biological endpoints such as inflammation, perturbation of cell cycle, oxidative stress, or DNA damage. However, although several studies have presented some effects, there is still no consensus on the determinants of biological responses. This review attempts to summarize all past research conducted in recent years on the physicochemical properties of environmental PM in different places and the relationship between different PM components and PM potential cytotoxicity on the human lung epithelial cells. Among 447 papers with our initial principles, a total of 50 articles were selected from 1986 to April 2020 based on the chosen criteria for review. According to the results of selected studies, it is obvious that cytotoxicity in human lung epithelial cells is created both directly or indirectly by transition metals (such as Cu, Cr, Fe, Zn), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), and ions that formed on the surface of particles. In the selected studies, the findings of the correlation analysis indicate that there is a significant relationship between cell viability reduction and secretion of inflammatory mediators. As a result, it seems that the observed biological responses are related to the composition and the physicochemical properties of the PMs. Therefore, the physicochemical properties of PM should be considered when explaining PM cytotoxicity, and long-term research data will lead to improved strategies to reduce air pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Kermani
- Research Center for Environmental Health Technology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tahere Rahmatinia
- Research Center for Environmental Health Technology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahide Oskoei
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samira Norzaee
- Research Center for Environmental Health Technology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Abbas Shahsavani
- Air Quality and Climate Change Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Farzadkia
- Research Center for Environmental Health Technology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Kazemi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Immunology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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15
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Lu RXZ, Radisic M. Organ-on-a-chip platforms for evaluation of environmental nanoparticle toxicity. Bioact Mater 2021; 6:2801-2819. [PMID: 33665510 PMCID: PMC7900603 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite showing a great promise in the field of nanomedicine, nanoparticles have gained a significant attention from regulatory agencies regarding their possible adverse health effects upon environmental exposure. Whether those nanoparticles are generated through intentional or unintentional means, the constant exposure to nanomaterials can inevitably lead to unintended consequences based on epidemiological data, yet the current understanding of nanotoxicity is insufficient relative to the rate of their emission in the environment and the lack of predictive platforms that mimic the human physiology. This calls for a development of more physiologically relevant models, which permit the comprehensive and systematic examination of toxic properties of nanoparticles. With the advancement in microfabrication techniques, scientists have shifted their focus on the development of an engineered system that acts as an intermediate between a well-plate system and animal models, known as organ-on-a-chips. The ability of organ-on-a-chip models to recapitulate in vivo like microenvironment and responses offers a new avenue for nanotoxicological research. In this review, we aim to provide overview of assessing potential risks of nanoparticle exposure using organ-on-a-chip systems and their potential to delineate biological mechanisms of epidemiological findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rick Xing Ze Lu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Milica Radisic
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- The Heart and Stroke/Richard Lewar Centre of Excellence, Toronto, ON, Canada
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16
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The Role of Fossil Fuel Combustion Metals in PM2.5 Air Pollution Health Associations. ATMOSPHERE 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos12091086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In this review, we elucidate the central role played by fossil fuel combustion in the health-related effects that have been associated with inhalation of ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5). We especially focus on individual properties and concentrations of metals commonly found in PM air pollution, as well as their sources and their adverse health effects, based on both epidemiologic and toxicological evidence. It is known that transition metals, such as Ni, V, Fe, and Cu, are highly capable of participating in redox reactions that produce oxidative stress. Therefore, particles that are enriched, per unit mass, in these metals, such as those from fossil fuel combustion, can have greater potential to produce health effects than other ambient particulate matter. Moreover, fossil fuel combustion particles also contain varying amounts of sulfur, and the acidic nature of the resulting sulfur compounds in particulate matter (e.g., as ammonium sulfate, ammonium bisulfate, or sulfuric acid) makes transition metals in particles more bioavailable, greatly enhancing the potential of fossil fuel combustion PM2.5 to cause oxidative stress and systemic health effects in the human body. In general, there is a need to further recognize particulate matter air pollution mass as a complex source-driven mixture, in order to more effectively quantify and regulate particle air pollution exposure health risks.
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17
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Haberzettl P, Jin L, Riggs DW, Zhao J, O’Toole TE, Conklin DJ. Fine particulate matter air pollution and aortic perivascular adipose tissue: Oxidative stress, leptin, and vascular dysfunction. Physiol Rep 2021; 9:e14980. [PMID: 34327871 PMCID: PMC8322754 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5 ) air pollution increases blood pressure, induces vascular inflammation and dysfunction, and augments atherosclerosis in humans and rodents; however, the understanding of early changes that foster chronic vascular disease is incomplete. Because perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) inflammation is implicated in chronic vascular diseases, we investigated changes in aortic PVAT following short-term air pollution exposure. Mice were exposed to HEPA-filtered or concentrated ambient PM2.5 (CAP) for 9 consecutive days, and the abundance of inflammatory, adipogenic, and adipokine gene mRNAs was measured by gene array and qRT-PCR in thoracic aortic PVAT. Responses of the isolated aorta with and without PVAT to contractile (phenylephrine, PE) and relaxant agonists (acetylcholine, ACh; sodium nitroprusside, SNP) were measured. Exposure to CAP significantly increased the urinary excretion of acrolein metabolite (3HPMA) as well as the abundance of protein-acrolein adducts (a marker of oxidative stress) in PVAT and aorta, upregulated PVAT leptin mRNA expression without changing mRNA levels of several proinflammatory genes, and induced PVAT insulin resistance. In control mice, PVAT significantly depressed PE-induced contractions-an effect that was dampened by CAP exposure. Pulmonary overexpression of extracellular dismutase (ecSOD-Tg) prevented CAP-induced effects on urinary 3HPMA levels, PVAT Lep mRNA, and alterations in PVAT and aortic function, reflecting a necessary role of pulmonary oxidative stress in all of these deleterious CAP-induced changes. More research is needed to address how exactly short-term exposure to PM2.5 perturbs PVAT and aortic function, and how these specific genes and functional changes in PVAT could lead over time to chronic inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, and atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Haberzettl
- Diabetes and Obesity CenterUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKYUSA
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome InstituteUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKYUSA
- Division of Environmental MedicineUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKYUSA
| | - Lexiao Jin
- Diabetes and Obesity CenterUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKYUSA
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome InstituteUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKYUSA
- Division of Environmental MedicineUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKYUSA
| | - Daniel W. Riggs
- Diabetes and Obesity CenterUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKYUSA
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome InstituteUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKYUSA
| | - Jingjing Zhao
- Diabetes and Obesity CenterUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKYUSA
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome InstituteUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKYUSA
- Division of Environmental MedicineUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKYUSA
| | - Timothy E. O’Toole
- Diabetes and Obesity CenterUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKYUSA
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome InstituteUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKYUSA
- Division of Environmental MedicineUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKYUSA
| | - Daniel J. Conklin
- Diabetes and Obesity CenterUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKYUSA
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome InstituteUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKYUSA
- Division of Environmental MedicineUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKYUSA
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18
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A Review of Metal Levels in Urban Dust, Their Methods of Determination, and Risk Assessment. ATMOSPHERE 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos12070891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This review gives insights into the levels of metals in urban dust, their determination methods, and risk assessment. Urban dust harbors a number of pollutants, including heavy metals. There are various methods used for the sampling of urban dust for heavy-metal analysis and source-apportionment purposes, with the predominant one being the use of plastic sampling materials to avoid prior contamination. There are also various methods for the determination of metals, which include: atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), among others. Studies have shown that pollutants in urban dust are mainly derived from industrial activities and coal combustion, whereas traffic emissions are also an important, but not a predominant source of pollution. The varying particle-size distribution of urban dust and its large surface area makes it easier for the deposition and transport of heavy metals. Risk-assessment studies have shown that metals in urban dust could cause such problems as human pulmonary toxicity and reduction of invertebrate populations. The risk levels seem to be higher in children than adults, as some studies have shown. It is therefore important that studies on metals in urban dust should always incorporate risk assessment as one of the main issues.
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Wang S, Kaur M, Li T, Pan F. Effect of Different Pollution Parameters and Chemical Components of PM 2.5 on Health of Residents of Xinxiang City, China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:6821. [PMID: 34202054 PMCID: PMC8297198 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18136821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The present study was planned to explore the pollution characteristics, health risks, and influence of atmospheric fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and its components on blood routine parameters in a typical industrial city (Xinxiang City) in China. In this study, 102 effective samples 28 (April-May), 19 (July-August), 27 (September-October), 28 (December-January) of PM2.5 were collected during different seasons from 2017 to 2018. The water-soluble ions and metal elements in PM2.5 were analyzed via ion chromatography and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. The blood routine physical examination parameters under different polluted weather conditions from January to December 2017 and 2018, the corresponding PM2.5 concentration, temperature, and relative humidity during the same period were collected from Second People's Hospital of Xinxiang during 2017-2018. Risk assessment was carried out using the generalized additive time series model (GAM). It was used to analyze the influence of PM2.5 concentration and its components on blood routine indicators of the physical examination population. The "mgcv" package in R.3.5.3 statistical software was used for modeling and analysis and used to perform nonparametric smoothing on meteorological indicators such as temperature and humidity. When Akaike's information criterion (AIC) value is the smallest, the goodness of fit of the model is the highest. Additionally, the US EPA exposure model was used to evaluate the health risks caused by different heavy metals in PM2.5 to the human body through the respiratory pathway, including carcinogenic risk and non-carcinogenic risk. The result showed that the air particulate matter and its chemical components in Xinxiang City were higher in winter as compared to other seasons with an overall trend of winter > spring > autumn > summer. The content of nitrate (NO3-) and sulfate (SO42-) ions in the atmosphere were higher in winter, which, together with ammonium, constitute the main components of water-soluble ions in PM2.5 in Xinxiang City. Source analysis reported that mobile pollution sources (coal combustion emissions, automobile exhaust emissions, and industrial emissions) in Xinxiang City during the winter season contributed more to atmospheric pollution as compared to fixed sources. The results of the risk assessment showed that the non-carcinogenic health risk of heavy metals in fine particulate matter is acceptable to the human body, while among the carcinogenic elements, the order of lifetime carcinogenic risk is arsenic (As) > chromium(Cr) > cadmium (Cd) > cobalt(Co) > nickel (Ni). During periods of haze pollution, the exposure concentration of PM2.5 has a certain lag effect on blood routine parameters. On the day when haze pollution occurs, when the daily average concentration of PM2.5 rises by 10 μg·m-3, hemoglobin (HGB) and platelet count (PLT) increase, respectively, by 9.923% (95% CI, 8.741-11.264) and 0.068% (95% CI, 0.067-0.069). GAM model analysis predicted the maximum effect of PM2.5 exposure concentration on red blood cell count (RBC) and PLT was reached when the hysteresis accumulates for 1d (Lag0). The maximum effect of exposure concentration ofPM2.5 on MONO is reached when the lag accumulation is 3d (Lag2). When the hysteresis accumulates for 6d (Lag5), the exposure concentration of PM2.5 has the greatest effect on HGB. The maximum cumulative effect of PM2.5 on neutrophil count (NEUT) and lymphocyte (LMY) was strongest when the lag was 2d (Lag1). During periods of moderate to severe pollution, the concentration of water-soluble ions and heavy metal elements in PM2.5 increases significantly and has a significant correlation with some blood routine indicators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Wang
- School of Environment, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China;
| | - Mandeep Kaur
- Henan Key Laboratory of Earth System Science Observation and Modeling, Henan University, Jinming Campus, Kaifeng 475004, China; (M.K.); (T.L.)
- College of Environment and Planning, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Tengfei Li
- Henan Key Laboratory of Earth System Science Observation and Modeling, Henan University, Jinming Campus, Kaifeng 475004, China; (M.K.); (T.L.)
- College of Environment and Planning, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Feng Pan
- School of Environment, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China;
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Park SK, Yeon SH, Choi MR, Choi SH, Lee SB, Rha KS, Kim YM. Urban Particulate Matters May Affect Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Tight Junction Disruption in Nasal Epithelial Cells. Am J Rhinol Allergy 2021; 35:817-829. [PMID: 33736454 DOI: 10.1177/19458924211004006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to airborne urban particulate matter (UPM) has been closely related to the development and aggravation of respiratory disease, including sinonasal disorders. OBJECTIVE The aims of this study were to investigate the effect of UPM on nasal epithelial tight junctions (TJs) and mucosal barrier function and delineate the underlying mechanism by using both in vitro and in vivo models. METHODS In this study, human nasal epithelial cells (hNECs) and BALB/c mice were exposed to UPMs. UPM 1648a and 1649 b were employed. TJ and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress marker expression was measured using western blot analysis and immunofluorescence. TJ integrity and nasal epithelial barrier function were evaluated by transepithelial electric resistance (TER) and paracellular flux. In addition, the effects of N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) on UPM-induced nasal epithelial cells were investigated. RESULTS UPM significantly impaired the nasal epithelial barrier, as demonstrated by decreased protein expression of TJ and ER stress markers in human nasal epithelial cells. This finding was in parallel to reduced transepithelial electrical resistance and increased fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran permeability. Pretreatment with NAC decreased the degree of UPM-mediated ER stress and restored nasal epithelial barrier disruption in human nasal epithelial cells (hNEC) and the nasal mucosa of experimental animals. CONCLUSION These data suggest that UPMs may induce nasal epithelial barrier dysfunction by targeting TJs and ER stress could be related in this process. Based on these results, we suggest that suppression of this process with an inhibitor targeting ER stress responses could represent a novel promising therapeutic target in UPM-induced sinonasal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo Kyoung Park
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Hee Yeon
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Ra Choi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.,Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hyeon Choi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.,Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Bok Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Sang Rha
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Min Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.,Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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Kumar P, Kalaiarasan G, Porter AE, Pinna A, Kłosowski MM, Demokritou P, Chung KF, Pain C, Arvind DK, Arcucci R, Adcock IM, Dilliway C. An overview of methods of fine and ultrafine particle collection for physicochemical characterisation and toxicity assessments. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 756:143553. [PMID: 33239200 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Particulate matter (PM) is a crucial health risk factor for respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. The smaller size fractions, ≤2.5 μm (PM2.5; fine particles) and ≤0.1 μm (PM0.1; ultrafine particles), show the highest bioactivity but acquiring sufficient mass for in vitro and in vivo toxicological studies is challenging. We review the suitability of available instrumentation to collect the PM mass required for these assessments. Five different microenvironments representing the diverse exposure conditions in urban environments are considered in order to establish the typical PM concentrations present. The highest concentrations of PM2.5 and PM0.1 were found near traffic (i.e. roadsides and traffic intersections), followed by indoor environments, parks and behind roadside vegetation. We identify key factors to consider when selecting sampling instrumentation. These include PM concentration on-site (low concentrations increase sampling time), nature of sampling sites (e.g. indoors; noise and space will be an issue), equipment handling and power supply. Physicochemical characterisation requires micro- to milli-gram quantities of PM and it may increase according to the processing methods (e.g. digestion or sonication). Toxicological assessments of PM involve numerous mechanisms (e.g. inflammatory processes and oxidative stress) requiring significant amounts of PM to obtain accurate results. Optimising air sampling techniques are therefore important for the appropriate collection medium/filter which have innate physical properties and the potential to interact with samples. An evaluation of methods and instrumentation used for airborne virus collection concludes that samplers operating cyclone sampling techniques (using centrifugal forces) are effective in collecting airborne viruses. We highlight that predictive modelling can help to identify pollution hotspots in an urban environment for the efficient collection of PM mass. This review provides guidance to prepare and plan efficient sampling campaigns to collect sufficient PM mass for various purposes in a reasonable timeframe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashant Kumar
- Global Centre for Clean Air Research (GCARE), Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, United Kingdom; Department of Civil, Structural & Environmental Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Gopinath Kalaiarasan
- Global Centre for Clean Air Research (GCARE), Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
| | - Alexandra E Porter
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Alessandra Pinna
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Michał M Kłosowski
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Philip Demokritou
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, Department of Environmental Health, T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, 665 Huntington Avenue, Room 1310, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kian Fan Chung
- National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London SW3 6LY, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher Pain
- Department of Earth Science & Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - D K Arvind
- Centre for Speckled Computing, School of Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland EH8 9AB, United Kingdom
| | - Rossella Arcucci
- Data Science Institute, Department of Computing, Imperial College London, London SW7 2BU, United Kingdom
| | - Ian M Adcock
- National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London SW3 6LY, United Kingdom
| | - Claire Dilliway
- Department of Earth Science & Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
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Reed BE, Yalamanchili J, Leach JB, Hennigan CJ. Fate of transition metals in PO 4-based in vitro assays: equilibrium modeling and macroscopic studies. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2021; 23:160-169. [PMID: 33399601 DOI: 10.1039/d0em00405g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Transition metals are thought to be among the most toxic components in atmospheric particulate matter (PM) due to their role in catalyzing reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation. We show that precipitation of the transition metals Fe(ii), Fe(iii), and Mn(ii) are thermodynamically favored in phosphate-based assays used to measure the oxidative potential (OP) - a surrogate for toxicity - of PM. Fe and Mn precipitation is likely to occur at extremely low metal concentrations (<0.5 μM), levels that are imperceptible to the naked eye. The concentration of each metal (other than Cu) in aqueous PM filter extracts often exceeds the solubility limit in OP assays, indicating favorable thermodynamic conditions for precipitation. Macroscopic experimental results at higher metal concentrations (>100 μM) with visible precipitates provide quasi-validation of the thermodynamic modeling. Oxidation of Fe(ii) to Fe(iii) is likely to be rapid in all in vitro OP assays, transforming Fe to a much less soluble form. Fe precipitates are likely to increase the rate of precipitation of other metals and possibly induce co-precipitation. These results have direct relevance for all PO4-based assays; the implications for studies of PM toxicity are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian E Reed
- Department of Chemical, Biochemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, Maryland, USA21250.
| | - Jayashree Yalamanchili
- Department of Chemical, Biochemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, Maryland, USA21250.
| | - Jennie B Leach
- Department of Chemical, Biochemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, Maryland, USA21250.
| | - Christopher J Hennigan
- Department of Chemical, Biochemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, Maryland, USA21250.
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Zangari S, Hill DT, Charette AT, Mirowsky JE. Air quality changes in New York City during the COVID-19 pandemic. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 742:140496. [PMID: 32640401 PMCID: PMC7314691 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
In December 2019, a new, severe coronavirus (COVID-19) appeared in Wuhan, China. Shortly after, the first COVID-19 case was confirmed in the United States. The emergence of this virus led many United States governors to enact executive orders in an effort to limit the person-to-person spread of the virus. One state that utilized such measures was New York, which contains New York City (NYC), the most populous city in the United States. Many reports have shown that due to the government-backed shutdowns, the air quality in major global cities improved. However, there has been only limited work on whether this same trend is seen throughout the United States, specifically within the densely populated NYC area. Thus, the focus of this study was to examine whether changes in air quality were observed in NYC resulting from New York State's COVID-19-associated shutdown measures. To do this, daily concentrations of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) were obtained from 15 central monitoring stations throughout the five NYC boroughs for the first 17 weeks (January through May) of 2015-2020. Decreases in PM2.5 (36%) and NO2 (51%) concentrations were observed shortly after the shutdown took place; however, using a linear time lag model, when changes in these pollutant concentrations were compared to those measured during the same span of time in 2015-2019, no significant difference between the years was found. Therefore, we highlight the importance of considering temporal variability and long-term trends of pollutant concentrations when analyzing for short-term differences in air pollutant concentrations related to the COVID-19 shutdowns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelby Zangari
- Department of Chemistry, SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry, 1 Forestry Drive, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - Dustin T Hill
- Center for Environmental Medicine and Informatics, SUNY Environmental Science and Forestry, 1 Forestry Drive, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA; Department of Environmental Studies, SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry, 1 Forestry Drive, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - Amanda T Charette
- Department of Chemistry, SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry, 1 Forestry Drive, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA; Center for Environmental Medicine and Informatics, SUNY Environmental Science and Forestry, 1 Forestry Drive, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - Jaime E Mirowsky
- Department of Chemistry, SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry, 1 Forestry Drive, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA; Center for Environmental Medicine and Informatics, SUNY Environmental Science and Forestry, 1 Forestry Drive, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA.
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24
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Shon JC, Lee SM, Jung JH, Wu Z, Kwon YS, Sim HJ, Seo JS. Integrated metabolomics and lipidomics reveals high accumulation of polyunsaturated lysoglycerophospholipids in human lung fibroblasts exposed to fine particulate matter. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 202:110896. [PMID: 32622306 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to fine particulate matter (PM) comprising toxic compounds arising from air pollution is a major human health concern. It is linked to increased mortality and incidence of various lung diseases. However, the mechanisms underlying the toxic effects of PM on lung fibroblasts have not been fully explored. We used targeted quantitative metabolomics and lipidomics analysis along with cytotoxicity studies to comprehensively characterize the alterations in the metabolite profiles of human lung fibroblasts (HEL 299) upon exposure to PM2.5 and PM10. This exposure at 50 μg/mL for 72 h induced an abnormally high apoptotic response via triggering intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and mitochondrial dysfunction through an imbalance between pro- and anti-apoptotic signaling pathways. The cytotoxic effects of PM2.5 were more severe than those of PM10. Metabolomics and lipidomics analyses revealed that PM exposure triggered substantial changes in the cellular metabolite profile, which involved reduced mitochondria-related metabolites such as tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle intermediates, amino acids, and free fatty acids as well as increased lysoglycerophospholipids (LPLs) containing polyunsaturated fatty acids. The decrease in mitochondria-related metabolites suggested that PM exposure led to reduced TCA cycle capacity and energy production. Apoptotic and inflammatory responses as well as mitochondrial dysfunction were likely to be accelerated because of excessive accumulation of LPLs, contributing to the disruption of membrane rafts and Ca2+ homeostasis and causing increased mitochondrial ROS formation. These results provide valuable insights regarding the toxic effects of PM exposure. Our study also provides a new direction for research on PM exposure-related health disorders using different cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Cheol Shon
- Environmental Chemistry Research Group, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jinju, 52834, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon Min Lee
- Biological Resources Research Group, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jinju, 52834, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Hoon Jung
- Environmental Chemistry Research Group, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jinju, 52834, Republic of Korea
| | - Zhexue Wu
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Sang Kwon
- Environmental Chemistry Research Group, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jinju, 52834, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Jung Sim
- Environmental Chemistry Research Group, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jinju, 52834, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Su Seo
- Environmental Chemistry Research Group, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jinju, 52834, Republic of Korea.
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25
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Wang X, Hart JE, Liu Q, Wu S, Nan H, Laden F. Association of particulate matter air pollution with leukocyte mitochondrial DNA copy number. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 141:105761. [PMID: 32388147 PMCID: PMC7419671 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.105761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ambient particulate matter (PM) has been associated with mitochondrial damage and dysfunction caused by excessive oxidative stress, but the associations between long-term PM exposure and leukocyte mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNAcn), a biomarker of mitochondrial dysfunction due to oxidative stress, are less studied. OBJECTIVES To investigate the associations between short-, intermediate- and long-term exposure (1-, 3- and 12-months) to different size fractions of PM (PM2.5, PM2.5-10 and PM10) and leukocyte mtDNAcn in a cross-sectional study. METHODS The associations between each of the PM exposure metrics with z scores of log-transformed mtDNAcn were examined using generalized linear regression models in 2758 female participants from the Nurses' Health Study (NHS). Monthly exposures to PM were estimated from spatio-temporal prediction models matched to each participants' address history. Potential effect modification by selected covariates was examined using multiplicative interaction terms and subgroup analyses. RESULTS In single-size fraction models, increases in all size fractions of PM were associated with decreases in mtDNAcn, although only models with longer averages of PM2.5 reached statistical significance. For example, an interquartile range (IQR) increase in 12-month average ambient PM2.5 (5.5 μg/m3) was associated with a 0.07 [95% confidence interval (95% CI): -0.13, -0.01; p-value = 0.02] decrease in mtDNAcn z score in both basic- and multivariable-adjusted models. Associations for PM2.5 were stronger after controlling for PM2.5-10 in two size-fraction models. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that long-term exposure to ambient PM2.5 is associated with decreased mtDNAcn in healthy women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinmei Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jaime E Hart
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Exposure, Epidemiology and Risk Program, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Qisijing Liu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Shaowei Wu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Peking University, Ministry of Education, China.
| | - Hongmei Nan
- Department of Epidemiology, Richard M. Fairbanks School of Public Health, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Francine Laden
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Exposure, Epidemiology and Risk Program, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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Hickey C, Gordon C, Galdanes K, Blaustein M, Horton L, Chillrud S, Ross J, Yinon L, Chen LC, Gordon T. Toxicity of particles emitted by fireworks. Part Fibre Toxicol 2020; 17:28. [PMID: 32611421 PMCID: PMC7330945 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-020-00360-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Particle matter (PM) has been associated with increased morbidity and mortality rates across the world. This study was designed to test the hypotheses that pyrotechnic firework displays introduce significant amounts of toxic metals into the atmosphere and are hazardous to human health. Size-selective emissions from 10 different fireworks displays were collected during particle generation in a dynamic, stainless steel chamber and tested for toxicity in cells. A subset of 2 particle types were tested in vivo in mice. At doses that did not produce cytotoxicity in an LDH assay, in vitro reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation was measured in bronchial epithelial airway (BEAS-2B) and human pulmonary microvascular endothelial (HPMEC-ST1.6R) cell lines treated with size-fractionated particles from the emissions of fireworks. Results Significant increases in ROS, in both cell types, were dependent upon the type of firework but not particle size. The in vitro ROS activity was correlated with lung inflammation produced in groups of mice treated by oropharyngeal aspiration with 0, 50, or 100 μg fireworks PM10/mouse. Trace metal analyses of the PM10 samples showed significant differences in metal content among fireworks type. Interestingly, the PM10 sample for the fireworks type producing the greatest in vitro ROS response in BEAS-2B cells contained ~ 40,000 and ~ 12,000 ppm of lead and copper, respectively. This sample also produced the greatest inflammatory response (i.e., increased neutrophils in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid) in mice. Conclusions These findings demonstrate that pyrotechnic display particles can produce adverse effects in mammalian cells and lungs, thus suggesting that further research is needed to expand our understanding of the contribution of metal content to the adverse health effects of fireworks particles. This information will lead to the manufacture of safer fireworks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Hickey
- Department of Environmental Medicine, NYU School of Medicine, 341 East 25th St, New York, NY, 10010, USA
| | - Christopher Gordon
- Department of Environmental Medicine, NYU School of Medicine, 341 East 25th St, New York, NY, 10010, USA
| | - Karen Galdanes
- Department of Environmental Medicine, NYU School of Medicine, 341 East 25th St, New York, NY, 10010, USA
| | - Martin Blaustein
- Department of Environmental Medicine, NYU School of Medicine, 341 East 25th St, New York, NY, 10010, USA
| | - Lori Horton
- Department of Environmental Medicine, NYU School of Medicine, 341 East 25th St, New York, NY, 10010, USA
| | - Steven Chillrud
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, Palisades, NY, 10983, USA
| | - James Ross
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, Palisades, NY, 10983, USA
| | - Lital Yinon
- Department of Environmental Medicine, NYU School of Medicine, 341 East 25th St, New York, NY, 10010, USA
| | - Lung Chi Chen
- Department of Environmental Medicine, NYU School of Medicine, 341 East 25th St, New York, NY, 10010, USA
| | - Terry Gordon
- Department of Environmental Medicine, NYU School of Medicine, 341 East 25th St, New York, NY, 10010, USA.
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27
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Nováková Z, Novák J, Kitanovski Z, Kukučka P, Smutná M, Wietzoreck M, Lammel G, Hilscherová K. Toxic potentials of particulate and gaseous air pollutant mixtures and the role of PAHs and their derivatives. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 139:105634. [PMID: 32446144 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.105634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Air pollution, which represents a major environmental risk to human health, comprises a complex mixture of compounds where only little is known about its specific toxicities. OBJECTIVES This study examined the specific toxicities associated with ambient air pollutant mixtures with respect to gas/particle partitioning, particulate matter (PM) size, pollutant polarity and bioaccessibility from PM, and evaluated the contribution of PAHs and their oxygenated and nitrated derivatives (OPAHs, NPAHs). METHODS Air samples (gas phase, PM10 and size-segregated PM), were collected at urban (in winter and summer) and background (winter) sites in the Czech Republic. The total and bioaccessible concentrations were addressed using organic solvent extraction and simulated lung fluid extraction, respectively. Organic extracts were also further fractionated according to polarity. Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR)-mediated activity, anti-/estrogenicity, anti-/androgenicity, thyroid receptor (TR)-mediated activity and cytotoxicity for bronchial cells were determined by human cell-based in vitro bioassays. The contribution of studied compounds to observed effects was assessed by both modelling and reconstructing the mixtures. RESULTS Significant effects were detected in the sub-micrometre size fraction of PM (estrogenicity, androgenicity, TR- and AhR-mediated activities) and in the gas phase (TR-mediated activity, antiandrogenicity). Compounds interacting with TR showed high bioaccessibility to simulated lung fluid. Relatively lower bioaccessibility was observed for estrogenicity and AhR-mediated activity. However, the toxicity testing of reconstructed mixtures revealed that the targeted pollutants are not the main contributors, except for urban PM air pollution in winter, where they accounted for 5-88% of several effects detected in the original complex environmental samples. DISCUSSION Studied toxicities were mostly driven by polar compounds largely attributed to the easily inhalable PM1, which is of high relevance for human health risk assessment. Except of parent PAHs in some cases, the targeted compounds contributed to the detected effects mostly to a relatively low extent implying huge data gaps in terms of endocrine disruptive potencies of targeted substances and the significance of other polar compounds present in ambient air.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Nováková
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Novák
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Zoran Kitanovski
- Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Multiphase Chemistry Department, Hahn-Meitner-Weg 1, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Petr Kukučka
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Marie Smutná
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Marco Wietzoreck
- Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Multiphase Chemistry Department, Hahn-Meitner-Weg 1, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Gerhard Lammel
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Multiphase Chemistry Department, Hahn-Meitner-Weg 1, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Klára Hilscherová
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
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Ahmed CMS, Yang J, Chen JY, Jiang H, Cullen C, Karavalakis G, Lin YH. Toxicological responses in human airway epithelial cells (BEAS-2B) exposed to particulate matter emissions from gasoline fuels with varying aromatic and ethanol levels. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 706:135732. [PMID: 31818575 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we assessed the toxicological potencies of particulate matter (PM) emissions from a modern vehicle equipped with a gasoline direct injection (GDI) engine when operated on eight different fuels with varying aromatic hydrocarbon and ethanol contents. Testing was conducted over the LA92 driving cycle using a chassis dynamometer with a constant volume sampling system, where particles were collected onto Teflon filters. The extracted PM constituents were analyzed for their oxidative potential using the dithiothreitol (DTT) chemical assay and exposure-induced gene expression in human airway epithelial cells (BEAS-2B). Different trends of DTT activities were seen when testing PM samples in 100% aqueous buffer solutions versus elevated fraction of methanol in aqueous buffers (50:50), indicating the effect of solubility of organic PM constituents on the measured oxidative potential. Higher aromatics content in fuels corresponded to higher DTT activities in PM. Exposure to PM exhaust upregulated the expression of HMOX-1, but downregulated the expression of IL-6, TNF-α, CCL5 and NOS2 in BEAS-2B cells. The principal component regression analysis revealed different patterns of correlations. Aromatics content contributed to more significant PAH-mediated IL-6 downregulation, whereas ethanol content was associated with decreased downregulation of IL-6. Our findings highlighted the key role of fuel composition in modulating the toxicological responses to GDI PM emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Sabbir Ahmed
- Environmental Toxicology Graduate Program, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Jiacheng Yang
- Center for Environmental Research and Technology (CE-CERT), University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA; Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Jin Y Chen
- Environmental Toxicology Graduate Program, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Huanhuan Jiang
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Cody Cullen
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Georgios Karavalakis
- Center for Environmental Research and Technology (CE-CERT), University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA; Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
| | - Ying-Hsuan Lin
- Environmental Toxicology Graduate Program, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA; Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
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Shen F, Zheng Y, Niu M, Zhou F, Wu Y, Wang J, Zhu T, Wu Y, Wu Z, Hu M, Zhu T. Characteristics of biological particulate matters at urban and rural sites in the North China Plain. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 253:569-577. [PMID: 31330349 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Depending on their concentrations, sizes, and types, particulate matters of biological origins (bioPM) significantly affect human health. However, for different air environments, they are not well characterized and can vary considerably. As an example, we investigated the bioPM differences at an urban (Beijing) site and a rural (Wangdu) site in the North China Plain (NCP) using an online monitoring instrument, an ultraviolet aerodynamic particle sizer (UV-APS), the limulus amebocyte lysate (LAL) assay, and a high-throughput sequencing method. Generally, lower concentrations of viable bioPM (hourly mean: 1.3 × 103 ± 1.6 × 103 m-3) and endotoxin (0.66 ± 0.16 EU/m3) in Beijing were observed compared to viable bioPM (0.79 × 105 ± 1.4 × 105 m-3) and endotoxin (15.1 ± 23.96 EU/m3) at the Wangdu site. The percentage of viable bioPM number concentration in the total PM was 3.1% in Beijing and 6.4% in Wangdu. Approximately 80% of viable bioPM was found to be in the range from 1 to 2.5 μm. Nevertheless, the size distribution patterns for viable bioPM at the Beijing and Wangdu sites differed and were affected by PM pollution, leading to distinct lung deposition profiles. Moreover, the distinct diurnal variations in viable bioPM on clean days were dimmed by the PM pollution at both sites. Distinct bacterial community structures were found in the air from the Beijing and Wangdu sites. The bacterial community in urban Beijing was dominated by genus Lactococcus (49.5%) and Pseudomonas (15.1%), while the rural Wangdu site was dominated by Enterococcus (65%) and Paenibacillus (10%). Human-derived genera, including Myroides, Streptococcus, Propionibacterium, Dietzia, Helcococcus, and Facklamia, were higher in Beijing, suggesting bacterial emission from humans in the urban air environment. Our results show that different air harbors different biological species, and people residing in different environments thus could have very different biological particle exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangxia Shen
- School of Space and Environment, Beihang University, Beijing, 102206, China.
| | - Yunhao Zheng
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China; Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Mutong Niu
- School of Space and Environment, Beihang University, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Feng Zhou
- School of Space and Environment, Beihang University, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Yan Wu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, 250100, China
| | - Junxia Wang
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Tong Zhu
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yusheng Wu
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Zhijun Wu
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Min Hu
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Tianle Zhu
- School of Space and Environment, Beihang University, Beijing, 102206, China
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Sarkar S, Rivas-Santiago CE, Ibironke OA, Carranza C, Meng Q, Osornio-Vargas Á, Zhang J, Torres M, Chow JC, Watson JG, Ohman-Strickland P, Schwander S. Season and size of urban particulate matter differentially affect cytotoxicity and human immune responses to Mycobacterium tuberculosis. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0219122. [PMID: 31295271 PMCID: PMC6622489 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0219122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to air pollution particulate matter (PM) and tuberculosis (TB) are two of the leading global public health challenges affecting low and middle income countries. An estimated 4.26 million premature deaths are attributable to household air pollution and an additional 4.1 million to outdoor air pollution annually. Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) infects a large proportion of the world's population with the risk for TB development increasing during immunosuppressing conditions. There is strong evidence that such immunosuppressive conditions develop during household air pollution exposure, which increases rates of TB development. Exposure to urban air pollution has been shown to alter the outcome of TB therapy. Here we examined whether in vitro exposure to urban air pollution PM alters human immune responses to M.tb. PM2.5 and PM10 (aerodynamic diameters <2.5μm, <10μm) were collected monthly from rainy, cold-dry and warm-dry seasons in Iztapalapa, a highly populated TB-endemic municipality of Mexico City with elevated outdoor air pollution levels. We evaluated the effects of seasonality and size of PM on cytotoxicity and antimycobacterial host immunity in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from interferon gamma (IFN-γ) release assay (IGRA)+ and IGRA- healthy study subjects. PM10 from cold-dry and warm-dry seasons induced the highest cytotoxicity in PBMC. With the exception of PM2.5 from the cold-dry season, pre-exposure to all seasonal PM reduced M.tb phagocytosis by PBMC. Furthermore, M.tb-induced IFN-γ production was suppressed in PM2.5 and PM10-pre-exposed PBMC from IGRA+ subjects. This observation coincides with the reduced expression of M.tb-induced T-bet, a transcription factor regulating IFN-γ expression in T cells. Pre-exposure to PM10 compared to PM2.5 led to greater loss of M.tb growth control. Exposure to PM2.5 and PM10 collected in different seasons differentially impairs M.tb-induced human host immunity, suggesting biological mechanisms underlying altered M.tb infection and TB treatment outcomes during air pollution exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srijata Sarkar
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Rutgers University School of Public Health, Piscataway, NJ, United States of America
| | - César E. Rivas-Santiago
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Rutgers University School of Public Health, Piscataway, NJ, United States of America
| | - Olufunmilola A. Ibironke
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Rutgers University School of Public Health, Piscataway, NJ, United States of America
| | - Claudia Carranza
- Department of Microbiology, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias, México City, México
| | - Qingyu Meng
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Rutgers University School of Public Health, Piscataway, NJ, United States of America
| | | | - Junfeng Zhang
- Duke Global Health Institute and Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States of America
| | - Martha Torres
- Department of Microbiology, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias, México City, México
| | - Judith C. Chow
- Division of Atmospheric Sciences, Desert Research Institute, Reno, NV, United States of America
| | - John G. Watson
- Division of Atmospheric Sciences, Desert Research Institute, Reno, NV, United States of America
| | - Pamela Ohman-Strickland
- Department of Biostatistics, Rutgers University School of Public Health, Piscataway, NJ, United States of America
| | - Stephan Schwander
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Rutgers University School of Public Health, Piscataway, NJ, United States of America
- Department of Urban-Global Public Health, Rutgers University School of Public Health, Newark, NJ, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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31
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Neupane BB, Mainali S, Sharma A, Giri B. Optical microscopic study of surface morphology and filtering efficiency of face masks. PeerJ 2019; 7:e7142. [PMID: 31289698 PMCID: PMC6599448 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.7142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Low-cost face masks made from different cloth materials are very common in developing countries. The cloth masks (CM) are usually double layered with stretchable ear loops. It is common practice to use such masks for months after multiple washing and drying cycles. If a CM is used for long time, the ear loops become stretched. The loop needs to be knotted to make the mask loop fit better on the face. It is not clear how washing and drying and stretching practices change the quality of a CM. The particulate matter (PM) filtering efficiency of a mask depends on multiple parameters, such as pore size, shape, clearance, and pore number density. It is important to understand the effect of these parameters on the filtering efficiency. Methods We characterized the surface of twenty different types of CMs using optical image analysis method. The filtering efficiency of selected cloth face masks was measured using the particle counting method. We also studied the effects of washing and drying and stretching on the quality of a mask. Results The pore size of masks ranged from 80 to 500 μm, which was much bigger than particular matter having diameter of 2.5 μm or less (PM2.5) and 10 μm or less (PM10) size. The PM10 filtering efficiency of four of the selected masks ranged from 63% to 84%. The poor filtering efficiency may have arisen from larger and open pores present in the masks. Interestingly, we found that efficiency dropped by 20% after the 4th washing and drying cycle. We observed a change in pore size and shape and a decrease in microfibers within the pores after washing. Stretching of CM surface also altered the pore size and potentially decreased the filtering efficiency. As compared to CMs, the less frequently used surgical/paper masks had complicated networks of fibers and much smaller pores in multiple layers in comparison to CMs, and therefore had better filtering efficiency. This study showed that the filtering efficiency of cloth face masks were relatively lower, and washing and drying practices deteriorated the efficiency. We believe that the findings of this study will be very helpful for increasing public awareness and help governmental agencies to make proper guidelines and policies for use of face mask.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sangita Mainali
- Department of Chemistry, Amrit Campus, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Amita Sharma
- Center for Analytical Sciences, Kathmandu Institute of Applied Sciences, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Basant Giri
- Center for Analytical Sciences, Kathmandu Institute of Applied Sciences, Kathmandu, Nepal
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Atafar Z, Pourpak Z, Yunesian M, Nicknam MH, Hassanvand MS, Soleimanifar N, Saghafi S, Alizadeh Z, Rezaei S, Ghanbarian M, Ghozikali MG, Osornio-Vargas AR, Naddafi K. Proinflammatory effects of dust storm and thermal inversion particulate matter (PM 10) on human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in vitro: a comparative approach and analysis. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCE & ENGINEERING 2019; 17:433-444. [PMID: 31321054 PMCID: PMC6582270 DOI: 10.1007/s40201-019-00362-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Particulate matter (PM) as the carcinogenic air pollutants can lead to aggravated health outcomes. Epidemiological studies demonstrated that PM can be engaged in different diseases such as cardiovascular, respiratory and cancer. The in vitro secretion of proinflammatory cytokines by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) has been used to assess the effects of PM with an aerodynamic diameter < 10 μm (PM10). This study compared the proinflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and interleukin 1-beta (IL1-β) secretions of PBMCs exposed to PM10 of dust storm and inversion. We collected PM10 samples during the spring and autumn seasons in two locations. Isolated PBMCs were exposed separately to 50, 150, and 300 μg/ml of different type of PM10 for 4 and 24 h. The mean concentrations of TNF-α for the PM of dust storm and inversion were 6305.61 ± 2421 and 6651.74 ± 2820, respectively. Also the mean concentrations of IL1-β for the PM of dust storm and inversion were 556.86 ± 162 and 656.35 ± 196, respectively. Furthermore, these values for the production of IL-6 were 12,655 ± 5661 and 16,685 ± 8069, respectively. Although no significant difference was observed between the PM of dust storm and that of inversion with regard to PBMCs, the results showed a significant increase in the proinflammatory cytokine secretion of both PMs compared with the controls. Moreover, TNF-α, IL1-β, and IL-6 secreted in cells exposed to PM10 of dust storm were about 10 times more than the controls, these values for cells exposed to PM10 of inversion were around 10, 12, and 14 times more than the controls, respectively. It can be concluded that the PM10 of both dust storm and inversion can play a significant role in proinflammatory cytokine secretion due to its harmful effect on human health. Graphical abstractThis picture shows the Proinflammatory cytokine producing potential of PM10 with two sources (dust storm and urban air pollution) in exposure with human PBMCs in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Atafar
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Pourpak
- Immunology, Asthma and Allergy Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masud Yunesian
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Research Methodology and Data Analysis Department, Institute for Environmental Research (IER), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Nicknam
- Molecular Immunology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Sadegh Hassanvand
- Center for Air Pollution Research (CAPR), Institute for Environmental Research (IER), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Narjes Soleimanifar
- Molecular Immunology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shiva Saghafi
- Immunology, Asthma and Allergy Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Alizadeh
- Immunology, Asthma and Allergy Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soheila Rezaei
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Ghanbarian
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | - Kazem Naddafi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Center for Air Pollution Research (CAPR), Institute for Environmental Research (IER), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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33
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Zhang S, Ren Q, Qi H, Liu S, Liu Y. Adverse Effects of Fine-Particle Exposure on Joints and Their Surrounding Cells and Microenvironment. ACS NANO 2019; 13:2729-2748. [PMID: 30773006 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b08517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Current understanding of the health risks and adverse effects upon exposure to fine particles is premised on the direct association of particles with target organs, particularly the lung; however, fine-particle exposure has also been found to have detrimental effects on sealed cavities distant to the portal-of-entry, such as joints. Moreover, the fundamental toxicological issues have been ascribed to the direct toxic mechanisms, in particular, oxidative stress and proinflammatory responses, without exploring the indirect mechanisms, such as compensated, adaptive, and secondary effects. In this Review, we recapitulate the current findings regarding the detrimental effects of fine-particle exposure on joints, the surrounding cells, and microenvironment, as well as their deteriorating impact on the progression of arthritis. We also elaborate the likely molecular mechanisms underlying the particle-induced detrimental influence on joints, not limited to direct toxicity, but also considering the other indirect mechanisms. Because of the similarities between fine air particles and engineered nanomaterials, we compare the toxicities of engineered nanomaterials to those of fine air particles. Arthritis and joint injuries are prevalent, particularly in the elderly population. Considering the severity of global exposure to fine particles and limited studies assessing the detrimental effects of fine-particle exposure on joints and arthritis, this Review aims to appeal to a broad interest and to promote more research efforts in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuping Zhang
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | - Quanzhong Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology , Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100085 , P. R. China
| | - Hui Qi
- Beijing Jishuitan Hospital , Peking University Health Science Center , Beijing 100035 , P. R. China
- Beijing Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics , Beijing 100035 , P. R. China
| | - Sijin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology , Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100085 , P. R. China
| | - Yajun Liu
- Beijing Jishuitan Hospital , Peking University Health Science Center , Beijing 100035 , P. R. China
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Al Hanai AH, Antkiewicz DS, Hemming JDC, Shafer MM, Lai AM, Arhami M, Hosseini V, Schauer JJ. Seasonal variations in the oxidative stress and inflammatory potential of PM 2.5 in Tehran using an alveolar macrophage model; The role of chemical composition and sources. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2019; 123:417-427. [PMID: 30622066 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2018.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The current study was designed to assess the association between temporal variations in urban PM2.5 chemical composition, sources, and the oxidative stress and inflammatory response in an alveolar macrophage (AM) model. A year-long sampling campaign collected PM2.5 samples at the Sharif University in Tehran, Iran. PM-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was measured both with an acellular dithiothreitol consumption assay (DTT-ROS; ranged from 2.1 to 9.3 nmoles min-1 m-3) and an in vitro macrophage-mediated ROS production assay (AM-ROS; ranged from 125 to 1213 μg Zymosan equivalents m-3). The production of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α; ranged from ~60 to 518 pg TNF-α m-3) was quantified as a marker of the inflammatory potential of the PM. PM-induced DTT-ROS and AM-ROS were substantially higher for the colder months' PM (1.5-fold & 3-fold, respectively) compared with warm season. Vehicular emission tracers, aliphatic diacids, and hopanes exhibited moderate correlation with ROS measures. TNF-α secretion exhibited a markedly different pattern than ROS activity with a 2-fold increase in the warm months compared to the rest of the year. Gasoline vehicles and residual oil combustion were moderately associated with both ROS measures (R ≥ 0.67, p < 0.05), while diesel vehicles exhibited a strong correlation with secreted TNF-α in the cold season (R = 0.89, p < 0.05). mRNA expression of fourteen genes including antioxidant response and pro-inflammatory markers were found to be differentially modulated in our AM model. HMOX1, an antioxidant response gene, was up-regulated throughout the year. Pro-inflammatory genes (e.g. TNF-α and IL1β) were down-regulated in the cold season and displayed moderate to weak correlation with crustal elements (R > 0.5, p < 0.05). AM-ROS activity showed an inverse relationship with genes including SOD2, TNF, IL1β and IL6 (R ≥ -0.66, p < 0.01). Our findings indicate that Tehran's PM2.5 has the potential to induce oxidative stress and inflammation responses in vitro. In the current study, these responses included NRF2, NF-κB and MAPK pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahlam H Al Hanai
- Environmental Chemistry and Technology Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | | | | | - Martin M Shafer
- Environmental Chemistry and Technology Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Alexandra M Lai
- Environmental Chemistry and Technology Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | | | | | - James J Schauer
- Environmental Chemistry and Technology Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene, Madison, WI, USA.
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35
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Raudoniute J, Stasiulaitiene I, Kulvinskiene I, Bagdonas E, Garbaras A, Krugly E, Martuzevicius D, Bironaite D, Aldonyte R. Pro-inflammatory effects of extracted urban fine particulate matter on human bronchial epithelial cells BEAS-2B. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:32277-32291. [PMID: 30225694 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3167-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric particulate matter (PM) constitutes the major part of urban air pollution and is a heterogeneous mixture of solid and liquid particles of different origin, size, and chemistry. Human exposure to PM in urban areas poses considerable and significant adverse effects on the respiratory system and human health in general. Major contributors to PM content are combustion-related sources such as diesel vehicles, household, and industrial heating. PM is composed of thousands of different high molecular weight organic compounds, including poly-aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The aim of this study was to clarify the cytotoxic effects of the extract of actual urban PM1 with high benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) content collected in Eastern European mid-sized city during winter heating season on human bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B). Decreased cell viability, alteration of cell layer integrity, increased apoptosis, and oxidative stress were observed during the 3-day exposure to the PM extract. In addition, following PM exposure pro-inflammatory cytokine expression was upregulated at gene and protein levels. Morphology and motility changes, i.e., decreased cells' ability to cover scratch area, were also documented. We report here that the extract of urban PM1 may induce bronchial epithelium changes and render it pro-inflammatory and compromised within 3 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jovile Raudoniute
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Center for Innovative Medicine, Santariskiu 5, LT-08406, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Inga Stasiulaitiene
- Department of Environmental Technology, Kaunas University of Technology, Radvilenu 19, LT-50264, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Ieva Kulvinskiene
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Center for Innovative Medicine, Santariskiu 5, LT-08406, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Edvardas Bagdonas
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Center for Innovative Medicine, Santariskiu 5, LT-08406, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Andrius Garbaras
- Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Sauletekio av. 3, LT-10257, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Edvinas Krugly
- Department of Environmental Technology, Kaunas University of Technology, Radvilenu 19, LT-50264, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Dainius Martuzevicius
- Department of Environmental Technology, Kaunas University of Technology, Radvilenu 19, LT-50264, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Daiva Bironaite
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Center for Innovative Medicine, Santariskiu 5, LT-08406, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Ruta Aldonyte
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Center for Innovative Medicine, Santariskiu 5, LT-08406, Vilnius, Lithuania.
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Arif AT, Maschowski C, Khanaqa P, Garra P, Garcia-Käufer M, Wingert N, Mersch-Sundermann V, Gminski R, Trouvé G, Gieré R. Characterization and in vitro biological effects of ambient air PM 10 from a rural, an industrial and an urban site in Sulaimani City, Iraq. TOXICOLOGICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY 2018; 100:373-394. [PMID: 31534295 PMCID: PMC6750222 DOI: 10.1080/02772248.2018.1520234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
High urban atmospheric pollution is caused by economic and industrial growth, especially in developing countries. The objective of this study was to assess possible relationships between in vitro effects on human alveolar epithelial cells of source-related dust types collected at Sulaimani City (Iraq), and to determine their mineralogical and chemical composition. A passive sampler was used to collect dust particles at a rural, an industrial and an urban sampling site during July and August 2014. The samples were size-fractionated by a low-pressure impactor to obtain respirable dust with aerodynamic diameters of less than 10 μm. The dust was mainly composed of quartz and calcite. Chrysotile fibres (white asbestos) were also found at the urban site. Dust from the industrial and urban sites triggered cytotoxic and genotoxic effects in the cells, whereas only minor effects were observed for the sample from the rural site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Talib Arif
- Sulaimani Polytechnic University (SPU), Technical College of health, Sulaimani, Iraq
- Institute for Infection Prevention and Hospital Epidemiology, University Medical Center Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, D- 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- Institute of Earth and Environmental Sciences-Geochemistry, University of Freiburg, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Kurdistan Institution for Strategic Studies and Scientific Research (KISSR), Qirga - Sulaimani, Iraq
| | - Christoph Maschowski
- Institute of Earth and Environmental Sciences-Geochemistry, University of Freiburg, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Polla Khanaqa
- Sulaimani Polytechnic University (SPU), Technical College of health, Sulaimani, Iraq
- Kurdistan Institution for Strategic Studies and Scientific Research (KISSR), Qirga - Sulaimani, Iraq
| | - Patxi Garra
- Laboratoire Gestion des Risques et Environnement (LGRE), Université de Haute-Alsace, F-68093 Mulhouse Cedex, France
- Laboratoire Modélisation Intelligence des Procédés et des Systèmes (MIPS), Université de Haute-Alsace, F-68093 Mulhouse Cedex, France
| | - Manuel Garcia-Käufer
- Institute for Infection Prevention and Hospital Epidemiology, University Medical Center Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, D- 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Nadja Wingert
- Institute for Infection Prevention and Hospital Epidemiology, University Medical Center Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, D- 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Volker Mersch-Sundermann
- Institute for Infection Prevention and Hospital Epidemiology, University Medical Center Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, D- 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Richard Gminski
- Institute for Infection Prevention and Hospital Epidemiology, University Medical Center Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, D- 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Gwenaëlle Trouvé
- Laboratoire Gestion des Risques et Environnement (LGRE), Université de Haute-Alsace, F-68093 Mulhouse Cedex, France
| | - Reto Gieré
- Department of Earth and Environmental Science and Center of Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6316, USA
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"The Smartphone's Guide to the Galaxy": In Situ Analysis in Space. BIOSENSORS-BASEL 2018; 8:bios8040096. [PMID: 30347742 PMCID: PMC6316803 DOI: 10.3390/bios8040096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Revised: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
A human mission to Mars can be viewed as the apex of human technological achievement. However, to make this dream a reality several obstacles need to be overcome. One is devising practical ways to safeguard the crew health during the mission through the development of easy operable and compact sensors. Lately, several smartphone-based sensing devices (SBDs) with the purpose to enable the immediate sensitive detection of chemicals, proteins or pathogens in remote settings have emerged. In this critical review, the potential to piggyback these systems for in situ analysis in space has been investigated on application of a systematic keyword search whereby the most relevant articles were examined comprehensively and existing SBDs were divided into 4 relevant groups for the monitoring of crew health during space missions. Recently developed recognition elements (REs), which could offer the enhanced ability to tolerate those harsh conditions in space, have been reviewed with recommendations offered. In addition, the potential use of cell free synthetic biology to obtain long-term shelf-stable reagents was reviewed. Finally, a synopsis of the possibilities of combining novel SBD, RE and nanomaterials to create a compact sensor-platform ensuring adequate crew health monitoring has been provided.
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Pardo M, Xu F, Qiu X, Zhu T, Rudich Y. Seasonal variations in fine particle composition from Beijing prompt oxidative stress response in mouse lung and liver. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 626:147-155. [PMID: 29335169 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Revised: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to air pollution can induce oxidative stress, inflammation and adverse health effects. To understand how seasonal and chemical variations drive health impacts, we investigated indications for oxidative stress and inflammation in mice exposed to water and organic extracts from urban fine particles/PM2.5 (particles with aerodynamic diameter ≤ 2.5 μm) collected in Beijing, China. Higher levels of pollution components were detected in heating season (HS, winter and part of spring) PM2.5 than in the non-heating season (NHS, summer and part of spring and autumn) PM2.5. HS samples were high in metals for the water extraction and high in polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) for the organic extraction compared to their controls. An increased inflammatory response was detected in the lung and liver following exposure to the organic extracts compared to the water extracts, and mostly in the HS PM2.5. While reduced antioxidant response was observed in the lung, it was activated in the liver, again, more in the HS extracts. Nrf2 transcription factor, a master regulator of stress response that controls the basal oxidative capacity and induces the expression of antioxidant response, and its related genes were induced. In the liver, elevated levels of lipid peroxidation adducts were measured, correlated with histologic analysis that revealed morphologic features of cell damage and proliferation, indicating oxidative and toxic damage. In addition, expression of genes related to detoxification of PAHs was observed. Altogether, the study suggests that the acute effects of PM2.5 can vary seasonally with stronger health effects in the HS than in the NHS in Beijing, China and that some secondary organs may be susceptible for the exposure damage. Specifically, the liver is a potential organ influenced by exposure to organic components such as PAHs from coal or biomass burning and heating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Pardo
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
| | - Fanfan Xu
- State Key Joint Laboratory for Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China
| | - Xinghua Qiu
- State Key Joint Laboratory for Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China
| | - Tong Zhu
- State Key Joint Laboratory for Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China
| | - Yinon Rudich
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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Wang W, Zhou J, Chen M, Huang X, Xie X, Li W, Cao Q, Kan H, Xu Y, Ying Z. Exposure to concentrated ambient PM 2.5 alters the composition of gut microbiota in a murine model. Part Fibre Toxicol 2018; 15:17. [PMID: 29665823 PMCID: PMC5905147 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-018-0252-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Exposure to ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) correlates with abnormal glucose homeostasis, but the underlying biological mechanism has not been fully understood. The gut microbiota is an emerging crucial player in the homeostatic regulation of glucose metabolism. Few studies have investigated its role in the PM2.5 exposure-induced abnormalities in glucose homeostasis. Methods C57Bl/6J mice were exposed to filtered air (FA) or concentrated ambient PM2.5 (CAP) for 12 months using a versatile aerosol concentration enrichment system (VACES) that was modified for long-term whole-body exposures. Their glucose homeostasis and gut microbiota were examined and analysed by correlation and mediation analysis. Results Intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (IPGTT) and insulin tolerance test (ITT) showed that CAP exposure markedly impaired their glucose and insulin tolerance. Faecal microbiota analysis demonstrated that the impairment in glucose homeostasis was coincided with decreased faecal bacterial ACE and Chao-1 estimators (the indexes of community richness), while there was no significant change in all faecal fungal alpha diversity estimators. The Pearson’s correlation analyses showed that the bacterial richness estimators were correlated with glucose and insulin tolerance, and the mediation analyses displayed a significant mediation of CAP exposure-induced glucose intolerance by the alteration in the bacterial Chao-1 estimator. LEfSe analyses revealed 24 bacterial and 21 fungal taxa differential between CAP- and FA-exposed animals. Of these, 14 and 20 bacterial taxa were correlated with IPGTT AUC and ITT AUC, respectively, and 5 fungal taxa were correlated with abnormalities in glucose metabolism. Conclusions Chronic exposure to PM2.5 causes gut dysbiosis and may subsequently contribute to the development of abnormalities in glucose metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanjun Wang
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Fudan University, 130 Dong'an Rd, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Ji Zhou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Meteorology and Health, Shanghai Meteorological Service, Shanghai, China
| | - Minjie Chen
- Department of Medicine Cardiology Division, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, 20 Penn St. HSFII S022, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Xingke Huang
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Fudan University, 130 Dong'an Rd, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xiaoyun Xie
- Department of Interventional & Vascular Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Weihua Li
- Reproductive and Developmental Research Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Cao
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Haidong Kan
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Fudan University, 130 Dong'an Rd, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Meteorology and Health, Shanghai Meteorological Service, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanyi Xu
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Fudan University, 130 Dong'an Rd, Shanghai, 200032, China. .,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Meteorology and Health, Shanghai Meteorological Service, Shanghai, China.
| | - Zhekang Ying
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Fudan University, 130 Dong'an Rd, Shanghai, 200032, China. .,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Meteorology and Health, Shanghai Meteorological Service, Shanghai, China. .,Department of Medicine Cardiology Division, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, 20 Penn St. HSFII S022, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
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Bhargava A, Tamrakar S, Aglawe A, Lad H, Srivastava RK, Mishra DK, Tiwari R, Chaudhury K, Goryacheva IY, Mishra PK. Ultrafine particulate matter impairs mitochondrial redox homeostasis and activates phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase mediated DNA damage responses in lymphocytes. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 234:406-419. [PMID: 29202419 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.11.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Revised: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Particulate matter (PM), broadly defined as coarse (2.5-10 μm), fine (0.1-2.5 μm) and ultrafine particles (≤0.1 μm), is a major constituent of ambient air pollution. Recent studies have linked PM exposure (coarse and fine particles) with several human diseases including cancer. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying ultrafine PM exposure induced cellular and sub-cellular repercussions are ill-defined. Since mitochondria are one of the major targets of different environmental pollutants, we herein aimed to understand the molecular repercussion of ultrafine PM exposure on mitochondrial machinery in peripheral blood lymphocytes. Upon comparative analysis, a significantly higher DCF fluorescence was observed in ultrafine PM exposed cells that confirmed the strong pro-oxidant nature of these particles. In addition, the depleted activity of antioxidant enzymes, glutathione reductase and superoxide dismutase suggested the strong association of ultrafine PM with oxidative stress. These results further coincided with mitochondrial membrane depolarization, altered mitochondrial respiratory chain enzyme activity and decline in mtDNA copy number. Moreover, the higher accumulation of DNA damage response proteins (γH2AX, pATM, p-p53), suggested that exposure to ultrafine PM induces DNA damage and triggers phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase mediated response pathway. Further, the alterations in mitochondrial machinery and redox balance among ultrafine PM exposed cells were accompanied by a considerably elevated pro-inflammatory cytokine response. Interestingly, the lower apoptosis levels observed in ultrafine particle treated cells suggest the possibility that the marked alterations may lead to the impairment of mitochondrial-nuclear cross talk. Together, our results showed that ultrafine PM, because of their smaller size possesses significant ability to disturb mitochondrial redox homeostasis and activates phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase mediated DNA damage response pathway, an unknown molecular paradigm of ultrafine PM exposure. Our findings also indicate that maneuvering through the mitochondrial function might be a viable, indirect method to modulate lymphocyte homeostasis in air pollution associated immune disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpit Bhargava
- Department of Molecular Biology, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal, India
| | - Shivani Tamrakar
- Department of Molecular Biology, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal, India
| | - Aniket Aglawe
- Department of Molecular Biology, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal, India
| | - Harsha Lad
- Department of Molecular Biology, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal, India
| | | | - Dinesh Kumar Mishra
- School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, Narsee Moonjee Institute of Management Studies, Shirpur, India
| | - Rajnarayan Tiwari
- Department of Molecular Biology, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal, India
| | - Koel Chaudhury
- School of Medical Science & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, India
| | - Irina Yu Goryacheva
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Saratov State University, Saratov, Russia
| | - Pradyumna Kumar Mishra
- Department of Molecular Biology, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal, India.
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Chen M, Qin X, Qiu L, Chen S, Zhou H, Xu Y, Hu Z, Zhang Y, Cao Q, Ying Z. Concentrated Ambient PM 2.5-Induced Inflammation and Endothelial Dysfunction in a Murine Model of Neural IKK2 Deficiency. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2018; 126:027003. [PMID: 29410383 PMCID: PMC6066335 DOI: 10.1289/ehp2311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Revised: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is associated with cardiovascular mortality, but underlying pathophysiologic mechanisms are not fully understood. Hypothalamic inflammation, characterized by the activation of Inhibitor kappaB kinase 2/Nuclear factor kappaB (IKK2/NF-κB) signaling pathway, may play an important role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. We recently demonstrated that hypothalamic inflammation is increased in mice exposed to concentrated ambient PM2.5 (CAP). OBJECTIVES In the present study, we used a neuron-specific IKK2 knockout mouse model to examine the role of neural IKK2 expression and hypothalamic inflammation in the pathophysiologic effects of PM2.5. METHODS We assessed inflammatory and vascular responses in Nestin-creIKK2flox/flox (IKK2Neu-KO) and littermate Nestin-creIKK2flox/+ (control) mice after 4 mo of exposure to filtered air (FA) or CAP. RESULTS CAP exposure was associated with significantly higher tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) and interleukin (IL)-6 mRNA in the hypothalamus of control mice, but not IKK2Neu-KO mice. In addition, CAP exposure-induced increases in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) leukocytes, pulmonary macrophage infiltration and IL-6 expression, plasma TNFα and IL-1β levels, adipose macrophage infiltration and IL-1β expression, and endothelial dysfunction were reduced or absent in IKK2Neu-KO mice compared with controls. CONCLUSIONS Our findings support a role of neural IKK2 in CAP exposure-induced local and systemic pro-inflammatory cytokine expression, pulmonary and adipose inflammation, and endothelial dysfunction, thus providing insight into pathophysiologic mechanisms that may mediate effects of PM2.5 exposure. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP2311.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjie Chen
- Department of Medicine Cardiology Division, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaobo Qin
- Department of Medicine Cardiology Division, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Electrocardiography, The People’s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Lianglin Qiu
- Department of Medicine Cardiology Division, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Sufang Chen
- Department of Medicine Cardiology Division, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Huifen Zhou
- Department of Medicine Cardiology Division, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Pathology, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei, China
| | - Yanyi Xu
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ziying Hu
- Department of Medicine Cardiology Division, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Endocrinology, The People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University (Henan Provincial People's Hospital) , Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yuhao Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Cao
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Zhekang Ying
- Department of Medicine Cardiology Division, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Fonceca AM, Zosky GR, Bozanich EM, Sutanto EN, Kicic A, McNamara PS, Knight DA, Sly PD, Turner DJ, Stick SM. Accumulation mode particles and LPS exposure induce TLR-4 dependent and independent inflammatory responses in the lung. Respir Res 2018; 19:15. [PMID: 29357863 PMCID: PMC5778683 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-017-0701-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Accumulation mode particles (AMP) are formed from engine combustion and make up the inhalable vapour cloud of ambient particulate matter pollution. Their small size facilitates dispersal and subsequent exposure far from their original source, as well as the ability to penetrate alveolar spaces and capillary walls of the lung when inhaled. A significant immuno-stimulatory component of AMP is lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a product of Gram negative bacteria breakdown. As LPS is implicated in the onset and exacerbation of asthma, the presence or absence of LPS in ambient particulate matter (PM) may explain the onset of asthmatic exacerbations to PM exposure. This study aimed to delineate the effects of LPS and AMP on airway inflammation, and potential contribution to airways disease by measuring airway inflammatory responses induced via activation of the LPS cellular receptor, Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4). Methods The effects of nebulized AMP, LPS and AMP administered with LPS on lung function, cellular inflammatory infiltrate and cytokine responses were compared between wildtype mice and mice not expressing TLR-4. Results The presence of LPS administered with AMP appeared to drive elevated airway resistance and sensitivity via TLR-4. Augmented TLR4 driven eosinophilia and greater TNF-α responses observed in AMP-LPS treated mice independent of TLR-4 expression, suggests activation of allergic responses by TLR4 and non-TLR4 pathways larger than those induced by LPS administered alone. Treatment with AMP induced macrophage recruitment independent of TLR-4 expression. Conclusions These findings suggest AMP-LPS as a stronger stimulus for allergic inflammation in the airways then LPS alone. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12931-017-0701-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela M Fonceca
- School of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia.
| | | | | | - Erika N Sutanto
- Telethon Kids Institute, Subiaco, WA, Australia.,Department of Respiratory Medicine Princess Margaret Hospital for Children Perth, Subiaco, WA, Australia
| | - Anthony Kicic
- School of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia.,Telethon Kids Institute, Subiaco, WA, Australia.,Department of Respiratory Medicine Princess Margaret Hospital for Children Perth, Subiaco, WA, Australia.,Centre for Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Paul S McNamara
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Darryl A Knight
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.,Priority Research Centre for Asthma and Respiratory Disease, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia.,Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Peter D Sly
- Queensland Children's Medical Research Institute, University of Queensland, Royal Children's Hospital, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | | | - Stephen M Stick
- School of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia.,Telethon Kids Institute, Subiaco, WA, Australia.,Department of Respiratory Medicine Princess Margaret Hospital for Children Perth, Subiaco, WA, Australia.,Centre for Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia
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Shafer MM, Hemming JDC, Antkiewicz DS, Schauer JJ. Oxidative potential of size-fractionated atmospheric aerosol in urban and rural sites across Europe. Faraday Discuss 2018; 189:381-405. [PMID: 27116365 DOI: 10.1039/c5fd00196j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In this study we applied several assays, an in vitro rat alveolar macrophage model, a chemical ROS probe (DTT, dithiothreitol), and cytokine induction (TNFα) to examine relationships between PM-induced generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and PM composition, using a unique set of size-resolved PM samples obtained from urban and rural environments across Europe. From April-July 2012, we collected PM from roadside canyon, roadside motorway, and background urban sites in each of six European cities and from three rural sites spanning the continent. A Hi-Vol sampler was used to collect PM in three size classes (PM>7, PM7-3, PM3) and PM was characterized for total elements, and oxidative activity quantified in unfiltered and filtered PM extracts. We measured a remarkable uniformity in air concentrations of ROS and especially DTT activity across the continent. Only a 4-fold difference was documented for DTT across the urban sites and a similar variance was documented for ROS, implying that chemical drivers of oxidative activity are relatively similar between sites. The ROS and DTT specific activity was greater at urban background sites (and also rural sites) than at urban canyon locations. PM3 dominated the size distribution of both ROS activity (86% of total) and DTT activity (76% of total), reflecting both the large contribution of PM3 to total PM mass levels and importantly the higher specific oxidative activity of the PM3 in comparison with the larger particles. The soluble fraction of total activity was very high for DTT (94%) as well as for ROS (64%) in the PM3. However in the larger PM size fractions the contributions of the insoluble components became increasingly significant. The dominance of the insoluble PM drivers of activity was particularly evident in the TNFα data, where the insoluble contribution to cytokine production could be 100-fold greater than that from soluble components. ROS and DTT activity were strongly correlated in the PM3 (r = 0.93), however oxidative activity was not correlated with any measured inorganic element in this size cut. In contrast, significant correlations of both ROS and DTT oxidative activity with specific groups of chemical elements were documented in the larger PM size fractions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin M Shafer
- Environmental Chemistry and Technology Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 660 N. Park St., Madison, WI 53706, USA. and Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene, 2601 Agriculture Drive, Madison, WI 53718, USA
| | - Jocelyn D C Hemming
- Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene, 2601 Agriculture Drive, Madison, WI 53718, USA
| | - Dagmara S Antkiewicz
- Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene, 2601 Agriculture Drive, Madison, WI 53718, USA
| | - James J Schauer
- Environmental Chemistry and Technology Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 660 N. Park St., Madison, WI 53706, USA.
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Peixoto MS, de Oliveira Galvão MF, Batistuzzo de Medeiros SR. Cell death pathways of particulate matter toxicity. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 188:32-48. [PMID: 28865791 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.08.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Revised: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Humans are exposed to various complex mixtures of particulate matter (PM) from different sources. Long-term exposure to high levels of these particulates has been linked to a diverse range of respiratory and cardiovascular diseases that have resulted in hospital admission. The evaluation of the effects of PM exposure on the mechanisms related to cell death has been a challenge for many researchers. Therefore, in this review, we have discussed the effects of airborne PM exposure on mechanisms related to cell death. For this purpose, we have compiled literature data on PM sources, the effects of exposure, and the assays and models used for evaluation, in order to establish comparisons between various studies. The analysis of this collected data suggested divergent responses to PM exposure that resulted in different cell death types (apoptosis, autophagy, and necrosis). In addition, PM induced oxidative stress within cells, which appeared to be an important factor in the determination of cell fate. When the levels of reactive oxygen species were overpowering, the cellular fate was directed toward cell death. This may be the underlying mechanism of the development or exacerbation of respiratory diseases, such as emphysema and chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases. In addition, PM was shown to cause DNA damage and the resulting mutations increased the risk of cancer. Furthermore, several conditions should be considered in the assessment of cell death in PM-exposed models, including the cell culture line, PM composition, and the interaction of the different cells types in in vivo models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Simões Peixoto
- Graduate Program in Biochemistry, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil.
| | - Marcos Felipe de Oliveira Galvão
- Graduate Program in Biochemistry, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil; Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil.
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Niu X, Ho SSH, Ho KF, Huang Y, Sun J, Wang Q, Zhou Y, Zhao Z, Cao J. Atmospheric levels and cytotoxicity of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and oxygenated-PAHs in PM 2.5 in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2017; 231:1075-1084. [PMID: 28922714 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.08.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Revised: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The chemical composition of PM2.5 and cellular effects from exposure to fine aerosol extracts were studied for samples collected in Beijing, Tianjin, Shijiazhuang, and Hengshui, China in winter 2015. Effects of priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and their oxygenated derivatives (OPAHs) in PM2.5 on cell cultures were a major focus of the study. Total quantified PAHs and OPAHs at Shijiazhuang and Hengshui were higher than at Beijing and Tianjin, and benz(a)anthracene, chrysene and 1,8-naphthalic anhydride were the most abundant species. Exposure to PM2.5 extracts caused a concentration-dependent decline in cell viability and a dose-dependent increase in nitric oxide production. Two cytokines, tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and interleukin 6 (IL-6), also increased when A549 test cells were exposed to PM2.5 extracts. PAHs and OPAHs in PM2.5 can potentially cause cell damage and induce cytotoxicity and pro-inflammatory responses: benzo(a)anthracene-7,12-dione was highly correlated with NO production, dibenz(a,h)anthracene and 1,4-chrysenequinone were correlated with TNF-α production, and 1-naphthaldehyde was significantly correlated with IL-6 production. The study provides a new approach for evaluating relationships between air-quality and cell toxicity with respect to specific chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Niu
- School of Human Settlements and Civil Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China; Key Lab of Aerosol Chemistry & Physics, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, China
| | - Steven Sai Hang Ho
- Key Lab of Aerosol Chemistry & Physics, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, China; State Key Lab of Loess and Quaternary Geology (SKLLQG), Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China; Division of Atmosphere Sciences, Desert Research Institute, Reno, NV89512, United States
| | - Kin Fai Ho
- The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yu Huang
- Key Lab of Aerosol Chemistry & Physics, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, China; State Key Lab of Loess and Quaternary Geology (SKLLQG), Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Jian Sun
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Qiyuan Wang
- Key Lab of Aerosol Chemistry & Physics, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, China; State Key Lab of Loess and Quaternary Geology (SKLLQG), Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Yaqing Zhou
- Key Lab of Aerosol Chemistry & Physics, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, China; State Key Lab of Loess and Quaternary Geology (SKLLQG), Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhuzi Zhao
- Key Lab of Aerosol Chemistry & Physics, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, China; State Key Lab of Loess and Quaternary Geology (SKLLQG), Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Junji Cao
- Key Lab of Aerosol Chemistry & Physics, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, China; State Key Lab of Loess and Quaternary Geology (SKLLQG), Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China; Institute of Global Environmental Change, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
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Zhu J, Zhang X, Zhang X, Dong M, Wu J, Dong Y, Chen R, Ding X, Huang C, Zhang Q, Zhou W. The burden of ambient air pollution on years of life lost in Wuxi, China, 2012-2015: A time-series study using a distributed lag non-linear model. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2017; 224:689-697. [PMID: 28258859 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.02.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Revised: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Ambient air pollution ranks high among the risk factors that increase the global burden of disease. Previous studies focused on assessing mortality risk and were sparsely performed in populous developing countries with deteriorating environments. We conducted a time-series study to evaluate the air pollution-associated years of life lost (YLL) and mortality risk and to identify potential modifiers relating to the season and demographic characteristics. Using linear (for YLL) and Poisson (for mortality) regression models and controlling for time-varying factors, we found that an interquartile range (IQR) increase in a three-day average cumulative (lag 0-2 day) concentrations of PM2.5, PM10, NO2 and SO2 corresponded to increases in YLL of 12.09 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.98-21.20), 13.69 (95% CI: 3.32-24.07), 26.95 (95% CI: 13.99-39.91) and 24.39 (95% CI: 8.62-40.15) years, respectively, and to percent increases in mortality of 1.34% (95% CI: 0.67-2.01%), 1.56% (95% CI: 0.80-2.33%), 3.36% (95% CI: 2.39-4.33%) and 2.39% (95% CI: 1.24-3.55%), respectively. Among the specific causes of death, cardiovascular and respiratory diseases were positively associated with gaseous pollutants (NO2 and SO2), and diabetes was positively correlated with NO2 (in terms of the mortality risk). The effects of air pollutants were more pronounced in the cool season than in the warm season. The elderly (>65 years) and females were more vulnerable to air pollution. Studying effect estimates and their modifications by using YLL to detect premature death should support implementing health risk assessments, identifying susceptible groups and guiding policy-making and resource allocation according to specific local conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingying Zhu
- Wuxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 499 Jincheng Road, Liangxi District, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214023, China
| | - Xuhui Zhang
- Wuxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 499 Jincheng Road, Liangxi District, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214023, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Wuxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 499 Jincheng Road, Liangxi District, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214023, China
| | - Mei Dong
- Wuxi Municipal Environmental Monitoring Center, 58 Caozhangxincun, Liangxi District, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214025, China
| | - Jiamei Wu
- Wuxi Municipal Meteorological Monitoring Center, 8 Jianheng Road, Xishan District, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214101, China
| | - Yunqiu Dong
- Wuxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 499 Jincheng Road, Liangxi District, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214023, China
| | - Rong Chen
- Wuxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 499 Jincheng Road, Liangxi District, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214023, China
| | - Xinliang Ding
- Wuxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 499 Jincheng Road, Liangxi District, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214023, China
| | - Chunhua Huang
- Wuxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 499 Jincheng Road, Liangxi District, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214023, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Wuxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 499 Jincheng Road, Liangxi District, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214023, China
| | - Weijie Zhou
- Wuxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 499 Jincheng Road, Liangxi District, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214023, China.
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47
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Negherbon JP, Romero K, Williams DL, Guerrero-Preston RE, Hartung T, Scott AL, Breysse PN, Checkley W, Hansel NN. Whole Blood Cytokine Response to Local Traffic-Related Particulate Matter in Peruvian Children With and Without Asthma. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:157. [PMID: 28424616 PMCID: PMC5371665 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This study sought to investigate if acute phase immune responses of whole blood from Peruvian children with controlled and uncontrolled asthma differed from children without asthma, following exposure to traffic-related particulate matter (TRPM). TRPM, including particulate matter from diesel combustion, has been shown to stimulate acute airway inflammation in individuals with and without asthma. For this study, a whole blood assay (WBA) was used to test peripheral whole blood samples from 27 children with asthma, and 12 without asthma. Participant blood samples were stimulated, ex vivo, for 24-h with an aqueous extract of TRPM that was collected near study area highways in Lima, Peru. All participant blood samples were tested against the same TRPM extract, in addition to purified bacterial endotoxin and pyrogen-free water, which served as positive and negative WBA controls, respectively. The innate and adaptive cytokine responses were evaluated in cell-free supernatants of the whole blood incubations. Comparatively similar levels were recorded for nine out of the 10 cytokines measured [e.g., – Interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-10], regardless of study participant asthma status. However, IL-8 levels in TRPM-stimulated blood from children with uncontrolled asthma were diminished, compared to subjects without asthma (633 pg/ml vs. 1,023 pg/ml, respectively; p < 0.01); IL-8 responses for subjects with controlled asthma were also reduced, but to a lesser degree (799 pg/ml vs. 1,023 pg/ml, respectively; p = 0.10). These relationships were present before, and after, adjusting for age, sex, obesity/overweight status, C-reactive protein levels, and residential proximity to the study area’s major roadway. For tests conducted with endotoxin, there were no discernible differences in cytokine response between groups, for all cytokines measured. The WBA testing conducted for this study highlighted the capacity of the TRPM extract to potently elicit the release of IL-8 from the human whole blood system. Although the small sample size of the study limits the capacity to draw definitive conclusions, the IL-8 responses suggest that that asthma control may be associated with the regulation of a key mediator in neutrophil chemotaxis, at a systemic level, following exposure to PM derived from traffic-related sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse P Negherbon
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Bloomberg School of Public Health, The Johns Hopkins University, BaltimoreMD, USA
| | | | - D'Ann L Williams
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Bloomberg School of Public Health, The Johns Hopkins University, BaltimoreMD, USA
| | - Rafael E Guerrero-Preston
- Head and Neck Cancer Research Division, Department of Otolaryngology, School of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University, BaltimoreMD, USA
| | - Thomas Hartung
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Bloomberg School of Public Health, The Johns Hopkins University, BaltimoreMD, USA.,Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing, Bloomberg School of Public Health, The Johns Hopkins University, BaltimoreMD, USA
| | - Alan L Scott
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, The Johns Hopkins University, BaltimoreMD, USA
| | - Patrick N Breysse
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Bloomberg School of Public Health, The Johns Hopkins University, BaltimoreMD, USA
| | - William Checkley
- Asociación Benéfica PrismaLima, Perú.,Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, School of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University, BaltimoreMD, USA
| | - Nadia N Hansel
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Bloomberg School of Public Health, The Johns Hopkins University, BaltimoreMD, USA.,Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, School of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University, BaltimoreMD, USA
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48
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Niu X, Ho SSH, Ho KF, Huang Y, Cao J, Shen Z, Sun J, Wang X, Wang Y, Lee S, Huang R. Indoor secondary organic aerosols formation from ozonolysis of monoterpene: An example of d-limonene with ammonia and potential impacts on pulmonary inflammations. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 579:212-220. [PMID: 27842959 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Revised: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Monoterpene is one class of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) which widely presents in household cleaning products and air fresheners. It plays reactive role in secondary organic aerosols (SOAs) formation with ozone (O3) in indoor environments. Such ozonolysis can be influenced by the presence of gaseous pollutants such as ammonia (NH3). This study focuses on investigations of ozone-initiated formation of indoor SOAs with d-limonene, one of the most abundant indoor monoterpenes, in a large environmental chamber. The maximum total particle number concentration from the ozonolysis in the presence of NH3 was 60% higher than that in the absence of NH3. Both of the nuclei coagulation and condensation involve in the SOAs growth. The potential risks of pulmonary injury for the exposure to the secondary particles formed were presented with the indexes of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) expression levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) upon intratracheal instillation in mice lung for 6 and 12h. The results indicated that there was 22-39% stronger pulmonary inflammatory effect on the particles generated with NH3. This is a pilot study which demonstrates the toxicities of the indoor SOAs formed from the ozonolysis of a monoterpene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Niu
- School of Human Settlements and Civil Engineering, , Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China; Key Lab of Aerosol Chemistry & Physics, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, China
| | - Steven Sai Hang Ho
- Key Lab of Aerosol Chemistry & Physics, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, China; Division of Atmosphere Sciences, Desert Research Institute, Reno, NV89512, United States
| | - Kin Fai Ho
- The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yu Huang
- Key Lab of Aerosol Chemistry & Physics, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, China; State Key Lab of Loess and Quaternary Geology (SKLLQG), Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China.
| | - Junji Cao
- Key Lab of Aerosol Chemistry & Physics, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, China; State Key Lab of Loess and Quaternary Geology (SKLLQG), Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China; Institute of Global Environmental Change, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Zhenxing Shen
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jian Sun
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiumei Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yu Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shuncheng Lee
- Department of Civil and Structural Engineering, Research Center for Environmental Technology and Management, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Rujin Huang
- Key Lab of Aerosol Chemistry & Physics, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, China; State Key Lab of Loess and Quaternary Geology (SKLLQG), Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China
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49
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Thomson EM, Breznan D, Karthikeyan S, MacKinnon-Roy C, Vuong NQ, Dabek-Zlotorzynska E, Celo V, Charland JP, Kumarathasan P, Brook JR, Vincent R. Contrasting biological potency of particulate matter collected at sites impacted by distinct industrial sources. Part Fibre Toxicol 2016; 13:65. [PMID: 27906031 PMCID: PMC5134226 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-016-0176-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Industrial sources contribute a significant proportion of anthropogenic particulate matter (PM) emissions, producing particles of varying composition that may differentially impact health. This study investigated the in vitro toxicity of ambient PM collected near industrial sites in relation to particle size and composition. METHODS Size-fractionated particles (ultrafine, PM0.1-2.5, PM2.5-10, PM>10) were collected in the vicinity of steel, copper, aluminium, and petrochemical industrial sites. Human lung epithelial-like A549 and murine macrophage-like J774A.1 cells were exposed for 24 h to particle suspensions (0, 30, 100, 300 μg/cm2). Particle potency was assessed using cytotoxic (resazurin reduction, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release) and inflammatory (cytokine release) assays, and regressed against composition (metals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), endotoxin). RESULTS Coarse (PM2.5-10, PM>10) particle fractions were composed primarily of iron and aluminium; in contrast, ultrafine and fine (PM0.1-2.5) fractions displayed considerable variability in metal composition (especially water-soluble metals) across collection sites consistent with source contributions. Semi-volatile and PM-associated PAHs were enriched in the fine and coarse fractions collected near metal industry. Cell responses to exposure at equivalent mass concentrations displayed striking differences among sites (SITE x SIZE and SITE x DOSE interactions, p < 0.05), suggesting that particle composition, in addition to size, impacted particle toxicity. While both J774A.1 and A549 cells exhibited clear particle size-dependent effects, site-dependent differences were more pronounced in J774A.1 cells, suggesting greater sensitivity to particle composition. Plotting particle potency according to cytotoxic and inflammatory response grouped particles by size and site, and showed that particles of similar composition tended to cluster together. Cytotoxic effects in J774A.1 cells correlated with metal and PAH content, while inflammatory responses were associated primarily with endotoxin content in coarse particles. CONCLUSIONS Industrial sources produce particulate emissions with varying chemical composition that differ in their in vitro potency in relation to particle size and the levels of specific constituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Errol M Thomson
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0K9, Canada.
| | - Dalibor Breznan
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - Subramanian Karthikeyan
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - Christine MacKinnon-Roy
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - Ngoc Q Vuong
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - Ewa Dabek-Zlotorzynska
- Analysis and Air Quality Section, Air Quality Research Division, Atmospheric Science and Technology Directorate, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0H3, Canada
| | - Valbona Celo
- Analysis and Air Quality Section, Air Quality Research Division, Atmospheric Science and Technology Directorate, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0H3, Canada
| | - Jean-Pierre Charland
- Analysis and Air Quality Section, Air Quality Research Division, Atmospheric Science and Technology Directorate, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0H3, Canada
| | - Prem Kumarathasan
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - Jeffrey R Brook
- Air Quality Processes Research Section, Air Quality Research Division, Atmospheric Science and Technology Directorate, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Toronto, ON, M3H 5T4, Canada
| | - Renaud Vincent
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0K9, Canada.
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50
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Tasmin S, Ueda K, Stickley A, Yasumoto S, Phung VLH, Oishi M, Yasukouchi S, Uehara Y, Michikawa T, Nitta H. Short-term exposure to ambient particulate matter and emergency ambulance dispatch for acute illness in Japan. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 566-567:528-535. [PMID: 27235903 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.05.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Revised: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/08/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Short-term exposure to air pollution may be linked to negative health outcomes that require an emergency medical response. However, few studies have been undertaken on this phenomenon to date. The aim of this study therefore was to examine the association between short-term exposure to ambient suspended particulate matter (SPM) and emergency ambulance dispatches (EADs) for acute illness in Japan. Daily EAD data, daily mean SPM and meteorological data were obtained for four prefectures in the Kanto region of Japan for the period from 2007 to 2011. The area-specific association between daily EAD for acute illness and SPM was explored using generalized linear models while controlling for ambient temperature, relative humidity, seasonality, long-term trends, day of the week and public holidays. Stratified analyses were conducted to evaluate the modifying effects of age, sex and medical conditions. Area-specific estimates were combined using meta-analyses. For the total study period the mean level of SPM was 23.7μg/m(3). In general, higher SPM was associated with a significant increase in EAD for acute illness [estimated pooled relative risk (RR): 1.008, 95% CI: 1.007 to 1.010 per 10μg/m(3) increase in SPM at lag 0-1]. The effects of SPM on EAD for acute illness were significantly greater for moderate/mild medical conditions (e.g. cases that resulted in <3weeks hospitalization or no hospitalization) when compared to severe medical conditions (e.g. critical cases, and cases that led to >3weeks hospitalization or which resulted in death). Using EAD data, this study has shown the adverse health effects of ambient air pollution. This highlights the importance of reducing the level of air pollution in order to maintain population health and well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saira Tasmin
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Graduate School Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - Kayo Ueda
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Graduate School Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Andrew Stickley
- Stockholm Center on Health and Social Change (Scohost), Södertörn University, 141 89 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Shinya Yasumoto
- Kinugasa Research Organization, Ritsumeikan University, Japan
| | - Vera Ling Hui Phung
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Graduate School Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Mizuki Oishi
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Graduate School Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shusuke Yasukouchi
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Graduate School Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yamato Uehara
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Graduate School Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takehiro Michikawa
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences, National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nitta
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences, National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), Japan
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