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Abo Hamza E, Tindle R, Pawlak S, Bedewy D, Moustafa AA. The impact of poverty and socioeconomic status on brain, behaviour, and development: a unified framework. Rev Neurosci 2024; 35:597-617. [PMID: 38607658 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2023-0163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
In this article, we, for the first time, provide a comprehensive overview and unified framework of the impact of poverty and low socioeconomic status (SES) on the brain and behaviour. While there are many studies on the impact of low SES on the brain (including cortex, hippocampus, amygdala, and even neurotransmitters) and behaviours (including educational attainment, language development, development of psychopathological disorders), prior studies did not integrate behavioural, educational, and neural findings in one framework. Here, we argue that the impact of poverty and low SES on the brain and behaviour are interrelated. Specifically, based on prior studies, due to a lack of resources, poverty and low SES are associated with poor nutrition, high levels of stress in caregivers and their children, and exposure to socio-environmental hazards. These psychological and physical injuries impact the normal development of several brain areas and neurotransmitters. Impaired functioning of the amygdala can lead to the development of psychopathological disorders, while impaired hippocampus and cortex functions are associated with a delay in learning and language development as well as poor academic performance. This in turn perpetuates poverty in children, leading to a vicious cycle of poverty and psychological/physical impairments. In addition to providing economic aid to economically disadvantaged families, interventions should aim to tackle neural abnormalities caused by poverty and low SES in early childhood. Importantly, acknowledging brain abnormalities due to poverty in early childhood can help increase economic equity. In the current study, we provide a comprehensive list of future studies to help understand the impact of poverty on the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eid Abo Hamza
- College of Education, Humanities & Social Sciences, 289293 Al Ain University , 64141, Al Jimi, UAE
- Faculty of Education, Tanta University, Al-Geish St., 122011, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Richard Tindle
- JMS Allied Services, 1109 Coffs Harbour , NSW, 2452, Australia
| | - Simon Pawlak
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, John Street, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia
| | - Dalia Bedewy
- Department of Psychology, College of Humanities and Sciences, 59104 Ajman University , University Street, Al jerf 1, Ajman, UAE
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education, Tanta University, Al-Geish St., 122011, Tanta, Egypt
- 59104 Humanities and Social Sciences Research Center (HSSRC), Ajman University , University Street, Al jerf 1, Ajman, UAE
| | - Ahmed A Moustafa
- Department of Human Anatomy and Physiology, The Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Cnr Kingsway & University Roads, Auckland Park, Johannesburg, 2092, South Africa
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Society and Design, 448704 Bond University , 14 University Dr, Robina QLD 4226, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
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Gutierrez S, Whitmer RA, Soh Y, Peterson R, George KM, Lor Y, Barnes LL, Mayeda ER, Allen IE, Torres JM, Glymour MM, Gilsanz P. School-based racial segregation, social support, and late-life cognitive function in the Study of Healthy Aging in African Americans (STAR). Alzheimers Dement 2024. [PMID: 39054568 DOI: 10.1002/alz.14112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION School-based social support for Black students may mediate or modify the association between school segregation and late-life cognition. METHODS Study of Healthy Aging in African Americans participants (n = 574) reported segregated school attendance and school-based social support. Associations of segregated schooling with domain-specific cognitive outcomes and effect modification or mediation by school-based social support were evaluated with linear mixed models. RESULTS Segregated school attendance was associated with increased likelihood of school-based social support. Segregated (vs. desegregated in 6th grade) school attendance was associated with lower executive function (β = -0.18 [-0.34, -0.02]) and semantic memory z-scores (β = -0.31 [-0.48, -0.13]). Social support did not mediate these associations. Estimates for segregated school attendance were attenuated among those who felt supported, although there was limited evidence of statistically significant effect modification. DISCUSSION Early-childhood school segregation was associated with poorer cognitive function. Sources of resilience within racialized educational experiences should be further evaluated to bridge inequities. HIGHLIGHTS School segregation is a form of structural racism that affected the educational experiences of Black youth with potentially lasting consequences for healthy brain aging. Black students who attended a segregated school experienced greater school-based social support, which may highlight a potential source of resilience and resistance against the effects of racism-related stressors on cognitive function. The estimated adverse association between attending a segregated school on cognition was larger for students without an adult at school who cared about them versus those with an adult at school who cared about them, but estimates were imprecise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirena Gutierrez
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Rachel A Whitmer
- Alzheimer's Disease Center, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California, Davis, Medical Sciences 1-C, Davis, California, USA
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, California, USA
| | - Yenee Soh
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, California, USA
| | - Rachel Peterson
- School of Public and Community Health Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana, USA
| | - Kristen M George
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California, Davis, Medical Sciences 1-C, Davis, California, USA
| | - Yi Lor
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California, Davis, Medical Sciences 1-C, Davis, California, USA
| | - Lisa L Barnes
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Elizabeth Rose Mayeda
- Department of Epidemiology, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Isabel E Allen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Jacqueline M Torres
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - M Maria Glymour
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Paola Gilsanz
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, California, USA
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Recht G, Hou J, Buddenbaum C, Cheng H, Newman SD, Saykin AJ, Kawata K. Multiparameter cortical surface morphology in former amateur contact sport athletes. Cereb Cortex 2024; 34:bhae301. [PMID: 39077916 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhae301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 06/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
The lifetime effects of repetitive head impacts have captured considerable public and scientific interest over the past decade, yet a knowledge gap persists in our understanding of midlife neurological well-being, particularly in amateur level athletes. This study aimed to identify the effects of lifetime exposure to sports-related head impacts on brain morphology in retired, amateur athletes. This cross-sectional study comprised of 37 former amateur contact sports athletes and 21 age- and sex-matched noncontact athletes. High-resolution anatomical, T1 scans were analyzed for the cortical morphology, including cortical thickness, sulcal depth, and sulcal curvature, and cognitive function was assessed using the Dementia Rating Scale-2. Despite no group differences in cognitive functions, the contact group exhibited significant cortical thinning particularly in the bilateral frontotemporal regions and medial brain regions, such as the cingulate cortex and precuneus, compared to the noncontact group. Deepened sulcal depth and increased sulcal curvature across all four lobes of the brain were also notable in the contact group. These data suggest that brain morphology of middle-aged former amateur contact athletes differs from that of noncontact athletes and that lifetime exposure to repetitive head impacts may be associated with neuroanatomical changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace Recht
- Department of Kinesiology, Indiana University School of Public Health-Bloomington, 1025 E. 10th Street, Bloomington, IN 47405, United States
| | - Jiancheng Hou
- Department of Kinesiology, Indiana University School of Public Health-Bloomington, 1025 E. 10th Street, Bloomington, IN 47405, United States
- Research Center for Cross-Straits Cultural Development, Fujian Normal University, Cangshan Campus, No. 8 Shangshan Road, Cangshan District, Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, China
| | - Claire Buddenbaum
- Department of Kinesiology, Indiana University School of Public Health-Bloomington, 1025 E. 10th Street, Bloomington, IN 47405, United States
| | - Hu Cheng
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Indiana University, 1101 E. 10th Street, Bloomington, IN 47405, United States
- Program in Neuroscience, The College of Arts and Sciences, Indiana University, 1101 East 10th Street, Bloomington, IN 47405, United States
| | - Sharlene D Newman
- Alabama Life Research Institute, College of Arts & Sciences, University of Alabama, 211 Peter Bryce Blvd., Tuscaloosa, AL 35401, United States
| | - Andrew J Saykin
- Indiana Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, 355 West 16th Street, Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, 550 University Blvd, Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States
| | - Keisuke Kawata
- Department of Kinesiology, Indiana University School of Public Health-Bloomington, 1025 E. 10th Street, Bloomington, IN 47405, United States
- Program in Neuroscience, The College of Arts and Sciences, Indiana University, 1101 East 10th Street, Bloomington, IN 47405, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, 1130 W Michigan St, Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States
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Houweling TAJ, Grünberger I. Intergenerational transmission of health inequalities: towards a life course approach to socioeconomic inequalities in health - a review. J Epidemiol Community Health 2024:jech-2022-220162. [PMID: 38955463 DOI: 10.1136/jech-2022-220162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Adult health inequalities are a persistent public health problem. Explanations are usually sought in behaviours and environments in adulthood, despite evidence on the importance of early life conditions for life course outcomes. We review evidence from a broad range of fields to unravel to what extent, and how, socioeconomic health inequalities are intergenerationally transmitted.We find that transmission of socioeconomic and associated health (dis)advantages from parents to offspring, and its underlying structural determinants, contributes substantially to socioeconomic inequalities in adult health. In the first two decades of life-from conception to early adulthood-parental socioeconomic position (SEP) and parental health strongly influence offspring adult SEP and health. Socioeconomic and health (dis)advantages are largely transmitted through the same broad mechanisms. Socioeconomic inequalities in the fetal environment contribute to inequalities in fetal development and birth outcomes, with lifelong socioeconomic and health consequences. Inequalities in the postnatal environment-especially the psychosocial and learning environment, physical exposures and socialisation-result in inequalities in child and adolescent health, development and behavioural habits, with health and socioeconomic consequences tracking into adulthood. Structural factors shape these mechanisms in a socioeconomically patterned and time-specific and place-specific way, leading to distinct birth-cohort patterns in health inequality.Adult health inequalities are for an important part intergenerationally transmitted. Effective health inequality reduction requires addressing intergenerational transmission of (dis)advantage by creating societal circumstances that allow all children to develop to their full potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja A J Houweling
- Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ilona Grünberger
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
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Thanaraju A, Marzuki AA, Chan JK, Wong KY, Phon-Amnuaisuk P, Vafa S, Chew J, Chia YC, Jenkins M. Structural and functional brain correlates of socioeconomic status across the life span: A systematic review. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2024; 162:105716. [PMID: 38729281 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
It is well-established that higher socioeconomic status (SES) is associated with improved brain health. However, the effects of SES across different life stages on brain structure and function is still equivocal. In this systematic review, we aimed to synthesise findings from life course neuroimaging studies that investigated the structural and functional brain correlates of SES across the life span. The results indicated that higher SES across different life stages were independently and cumulatively related to neural outcomes typically reflective of greater brain health (e.g., increased cortical thickness, grey matter volume, fractional anisotropy, and network segregation) in adult individuals. The results also demonstrated that the corticolimbic system was most commonly impacted by socioeconomic disadvantages across the life span. This review highlights the importance of taking into account SES across the life span when studying its effects on brain health. It also provides directions for future research including the need for longitudinal and multimodal research that can inform effective policy interventions tailored to specific life stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arjun Thanaraju
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Malaysia.
| | - Aleya A Marzuki
- Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical School and University Hospital, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jee Kei Chan
- Department of Psychology, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Malaysia
| | - Kean Yung Wong
- Sensory Neuroscience and Nutrition Lab, University of Otago, New Zealand
| | - Paveen Phon-Amnuaisuk
- Department of Psychology, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Malaysia
| | - Samira Vafa
- Department of Psychology, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Malaysia
| | - Jactty Chew
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Malaysia
| | - Yook Chin Chia
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Malaysia
| | - Michael Jenkins
- Department of Psychology, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Malaysia
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Makowski C, Brown TT, Zhao W, Hagler Jr DJ, Parekh P, Garavan H, Nichols TE, Jernigan TL, Dale AM. Leveraging the adolescent brain cognitive development study to improve behavioral prediction from neuroimaging in smaller replication samples. Cereb Cortex 2024; 34:bhae223. [PMID: 38880786 PMCID: PMC11180541 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhae223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Neuroimaging is a popular method to map brain structural and functional patterns to complex human traits. Recently published observations cast doubt upon these prospects, particularly for prediction of cognitive traits from structural and resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We leverage baseline data from thousands of children in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive DevelopmentSM Study to inform the replication sample size required with univariate and multivariate methods across different imaging modalities to detect reproducible brain-behavior associations. We demonstrate that by applying multivariate methods to high-dimensional brain imaging data, we can capture lower dimensional patterns of structural and functional brain architecture that correlate robustly with cognitive phenotypes and are reproducible with only 41 individuals in the replication sample for working memory-related functional MRI, and ~ 100 subjects for structural and resting state MRI. Even with 100 random re-samplings of 100 subjects in discovery, prediction can be adequately powered with 66 subjects in replication for multivariate prediction of cognition with working memory task functional MRI. These results point to an important role for neuroimaging in translational neurodevelopmental research and showcase how findings in large samples can inform reproducible brain-behavior associations in small sample sizes that are at the heart of many research programs and grants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Makowski
- Center for Multimodal Imaging and Genetics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Timothy T Brown
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA,, United States
| | - Weiqi Zhao
- Center for Multimodal Imaging and Genetics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Department of Cognitive Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Donald J Hagler Jr
- Center for Multimodal Imaging and Genetics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Pravesh Parekh
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Hugh Garavan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Thomas E Nichols
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Terry L Jernigan
- Department of Cognitive Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Anders M Dale
- Center for Multimodal Imaging and Genetics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA,, United States
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Roy E, Van Rinsveld A, Nedelec P, Richie-Halford A, Rauschecker AM, Sugrue LP, Rokem A, McCandliss BD, Yeatman JD. Differences in educational opportunity predict white matter development. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2024; 67:101386. [PMID: 38676989 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2024.101386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Coarse measures of socioeconomic status, such as parental income or parental education, have been linked to differences in white matter development. However, these measures do not provide insight into specific aspects of an individual's environment and how they relate to brain development. On the other hand, educational intervention studies have shown that changes in an individual's educational context can drive measurable changes in their white matter. These studies, however, rarely consider socioeconomic factors in their results. In the present study, we examined the unique relationship between educational opportunity and white matter development, when controlling other known socioeconomic factors. To explore this question, we leveraged the rich demographic and neuroimaging data available in the ABCD study, as well the unique data-crosswalk between ABCD and the Stanford Education Data Archive (SEDA). We find that educational opportunity is related to accelerated white matter development, even when accounting for other socioeconomic factors, and that this relationship is most pronounced in white matter tracts associated with academic skills. These results suggest that the school a child attends has a measurable relationship with brain development for years to come.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethan Roy
- Graduate School of Education, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | | | - Pierre Nedelec
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Adam Richie-Halford
- Graduate School of Education, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Division of Developmental-Behavioral Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Andreas M Rauschecker
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Leo P Sugrue
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ariel Rokem
- Department of Psychology and eScience Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Jason D Yeatman
- Graduate School of Education, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Division of Developmental-Behavioral Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
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Yuan JP, Jaeger EL, Coury SM, Uy JP, Buthmann JL, Ho TC, Gotlib IH. Socioeconomic Disadvantage Moderates the Association of Systemic Inflammation With Amygdala Volume in Adolescents Over a 2-Year Interval: An Exploratory Study. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY. COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2024:S2451-9022(24)00135-6. [PMID: 38815859 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2024.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research has demonstrated an association between elevated systemic inflammation and changes in brain function. Affective areas of the brain involved in processing threat (e.g., amygdala) and reward (e.g., nucleus accumbens) appear to be sensitive to inflammation. Early-life stress, such as experiencing low socioeconomic status (SES), may also potentiate this association, but relevant evidence has come primarily from cross-sectional studies of brain function. It is unclear whether similar associations are present between early-life stress, inflammation, and brain structure, particularly in typically developing populations. METHODS We recruited and assessed 50 adolescents (31 females/19 males) from the community (mean [SD] age = 15.5 [1.1] years, range = 13.1-17.5 years) and examined in exploratory analyses whether changes in C-reactive protein (ΔCRP) from blood spots predict changes in gray matter volume (ΔGMV) in the bilateral amygdala and nucleus accumbens over a 2-year period. We also investigated whether experiencing early-life stress, operationalized using a comprehensive composite score of SES disadvantage at the family and neighborhood levels, significantly moderated the association between ΔCRP and ΔGMV. RESULTS We found that ΔCRP was negatively associated with Δamygdala GMV (i.e., increasing CRP levels were associated with decreasing amygdala volume; β = -0.84, p = .012). This effect was stronger in youths who experienced greater SES disadvantage (β = -0.56, p = .025). CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that increases in systemic inflammation are associated with reductions in amygdala GMV in adolescents, potentially signaling accelerated maturation, and that these neuroimmune processes are compounded in adolescents who experienced greater SES disadvantage. Our findings are consistent with theoretical frameworks of neuroimmune associations and suggest that they may influence adolescent neurodevelopment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin P Yuan
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, California.
| | - Emma L Jaeger
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Saché M Coury
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, California; Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Jessica P Uy
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | | | - Tiffany C Ho
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Ian H Gotlib
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, California
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Gutierrez S, Meza E, Glymour MM, Torres JM. My Parent, Myself, or My Child: Whose Education Matters Most for Trajectories of Cognitive Aging in Middle Age? Am J Epidemiol 2024; 193:695-706. [PMID: 37116072 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwad108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The growing body of evidence linking intergenerational education and late-life cognitive decline is almost exclusively from high-income countries, despite rapid intergenerational changes in education in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). We used data from the Mexican Health and Aging Study (n = 8,822), a cohort study of Mexican adults aged ≥50 years (2001-2018), to evaluate whether parental education (none vs. any formal schooling), one's own education (less than primary school vs. completion of primary school), or an adult child's education (less than high school vs. completion of high school) was associated with verbal memory z scores. We used linear mixed models with inverse probability of attrition weights. Educational attainment in all 3 generations was associated with baseline verbal memory scores, independent of the prior generation's education. Lower parental (β = -0.005, 95% confidence interval: -0.009, -0.002) and respondent (β = -0.013, 95% confidence interval: -0.017, -0.010) educational level were associated with faster decline in delayed (but not immediate) verbal memory z scores. Associations between adult child's education and respondent's verbal memory decline varied by exposure specification. The educational attainment of parents and adult children may influence the cognitive aging of middle-aged and older adults in LMICs. These results have important implications given recent structural shifts in educational attainment in many LMICs.
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DeCarli C, Maillard P, Pase MP, Beiser AS, Kojis D, Satizabal CL, Himali JJ, Aparicio HJ, Fletcher E, Seshadri S. Trends in Intracranial and Cerebral Volumes of Framingham Heart Study Participants Born 1930 to 1970. JAMA Neurol 2024; 81:471-480. [PMID: 38526486 PMCID: PMC10964161 DOI: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2024.0469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Importance Human brain development and maintenance is under both genetic and environmental influences that likely affect later-life dementia risk. Objective To examine environmental influences by testing whether time-dependent secular differences occurred in cranial and brain volumes and cortical thickness over birth decades spanning 1930 to 1970. Design, Setting, and Participants This cross-sectional study used data from the community-based Framingham Heart Study cohort for participants born in the decades 1930 to 1970. Participants did not have dementia or history of stroke and had magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) obtained from March 18, 1999, to November 15, 2019. The final analysis dataset was created in October 2023. Exposure Years of birth ranging from 1925 to 1968. Main Measures Cross-sectional analysis of intracranial, cortical gray matter, white matter, and hippocampal volumes as well as cortical surface area and cortical thickness. The secular measure was the decade in which the participant was born. Covariates included age at MRI and sex. Results The main study cohort consisted of 3226 participants with a mean (SD) age of 57.7 (7.8) years at the time of their MRI. A total of 1706 participants were female (53%) and 1520 (47%) were male. The birth decades ranged from the 1930s to 1970s. Significant trends for larger intracranial, hippocampal, and white matter volumes and cortical surface area were associated with progressive birth decades. Comparing the 1930s birth decade to the 1970s accounted for a 6.6% greater volume (1234 mL; 95% CI, 1220-1248, vs 1321 mL; 95% CI, 1301-1341) for ICV, 7.7% greater volume (441.9 mL; 95% CI, 435.2-448.5, vs 476.3 mL; 95% CI, 467.0-485.7) for white matter, 5.7% greater value (6.51 mL; 95% CI, 6.42-6.60, vs 6.89 mL; 95% CI, 6.77-7.02) for hippocampal volume, and a 14.9% greater value (1933 cm2; 95% CI, 1908-1959, vs 2222 cm2; 95% CI, 2186-2259) for cortical surface area. Repeat analysis applied to a subgroup of 1145 individuals of similar age range born in the 1940s (mean [SD] age, 60.0 [2.8] years) and 1950s (mean [SD] age, 59.0 [2.8] years) resulted in similar findings. Conclusion and Relevance In this study, secular trends for larger brain volumes suggested improved brain development among individuals born between 1930 and 1970. Early life environmental influences may explain these results and contribute to the declining dementia incidence previously reported in the Framingham Heart Study cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles DeCarli
- Department of Neurology & Imaging of Dementia and Aging Laboratory, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California
| | - Pauline Maillard
- Department of Neurology & Imaging of Dementia and Aging Laboratory, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California
| | - Matthew P. Pase
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Alexa S. Beiser
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Neurology, Boston University Chonbanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Daniel Kojis
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Claudia L. Satizabal
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts
- The Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer’s and Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Health Sciences Center, San Antonio
- Department of Population Health Sciences, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Jayandra J. Himali
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts
- The Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer’s and Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Health Sciences Center, San Antonio
- Department of Population Health Sciences, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Hugo J. Aparicio
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts
- Department of Neurology, Boston University Chonbanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Evan Fletcher
- Department of Neurology & Imaging of Dementia and Aging Laboratory, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California
| | - Sudha Seshadri
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts
- Department of Neurology, Boston University Chonbanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
- The Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer’s and Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Health Sciences Center, San Antonio
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11
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Singh L, Rajendra SJ. Greater attention to socioeconomic status in developmental research can improve the external validity, generalizability, and replicability of developmental science. Dev Sci 2024:e13521. [PMID: 38661538 DOI: 10.1111/desc.13521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Psychological researchers have been criticized for making broad presumptions about human behavior based on limited sampling. In part, presumptive generalizability is reflected in the limited representation of sociodemographic variation in research reports. In this analysis, we examine time-trends in reporting of a key sociodemographic construct relevant to many aspects of child development-socioeconomic status (SES)-across six mainstream developmental journals (Infancy, Child Development, Developmental Science, Developmental Psychology, Infant and Child Development, and Infant Behavior & Development) between 2016 and 2022. Findings point to limited reporting of SES across developmental journals and across time. Reporting rates varied significantly by region and by topic of development. In terms of specific indicators of SES, there was consistent use of income and caregiver education as SES indicators. The epistemic costs of the lack of integration of socio-economic factors in developmental research are addressed. Pathways to greater integration of SES are proposed. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: We analyzed reporting and representation of socioeconomic status in published studies on early child development. A large proportion of published studies did not report any socio-economic information. Suggestions for greater attention to socioeconomic status are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leher Singh
- Department of Psychology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sarah J Rajendra
- Department of Psychology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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12
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Domenico LH, Tanner JJ, Mickle AM, Terry EL, Garvan C, Lai S, Deshpande H, Staud R, Redden D, Price CC, Goodin BR, Fillingim RB, Sibille KT. Environmental and sociocultural factors are associated with pain-related brain structure among diverse individuals with chronic musculoskeletal pain: intersectional considerations. Sci Rep 2024; 14:7796. [PMID: 38565879 PMCID: PMC10987661 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-58120-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic musculoskeletal pain including knee osteoarthritis (OA) is a leading cause of disability worldwide. Previous research indicates ethnic-race groups differ in the pain and functional limitations experienced with knee OA. However, when socioenvironmental factors are included in analyses, group differences in pain and function wane. Pain-related brain structures are another area where ethnic-race group differences have been observed. Environmental and sociocultural factors e.g., income, education, experiences of discrimination, and social support influence brain structures. We investigate if environmental and sociocultural factors reduce previously observed ethnic-race group differences in pain-related brain structures. Data were analyzed from 147 self-identified non-Hispanic black (NHB) and non-Hispanic white (NHW), middle and older aged adults with knee pain in the past month. Information collected included health and pain history, environmental and sociocultural resources, and brain imaging. The NHB adults were younger and reported lower income and education compared to their NHW peers. In hierarchical multiple regression models, sociocultural and environmental factors explained 6-37% of the variance in pain-related brain regions. Self-identified ethnicity-race provided an additional 4-13% of explanatory value in the amygdala, hippocampus, insula, bilateral primary somatosensory cortex, and thalamus. In the rostral/caudal anterior cingulate and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, self-identified ethnicity-race was not a predictor after accounting for environmental, sociocultural, and demographic factors. Findings help to disentangle and identify some of the factors contributing to ethnic-race group disparities in pain-related brain structures. Numerous arrays of environmental and sociocultural factors remain to be investigated. Further, the differing sociodemographic representation of our NHB and NHW participants highlights the role for intersectional considerations in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa H Domenico
- Department of Biobehavioral Nursing Science, College of Nursing, University of Florida, 1225 Center Drive, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.
| | - Jared J Tanner
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, 1225 Center Drive, Gainesville, FL, 32603, USA
| | - Angela M Mickle
- Pain Research and Intervention Center of Excellence, University of Florida, 2004 Mowry Road, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Florida, 3450 Hull Road, Gainesville, FL, 32607, USA
| | - Ellen L Terry
- Department of Biobehavioral Nursing Science, College of Nursing, University of Florida, 1225 Center Drive, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
- Pain Research and Intervention Center of Excellence, University of Florida, 2004 Mowry Road, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Cynthia Garvan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Pain Medicine, University of Florida, 1600 SW Archer Road, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Song Lai
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Florida, 2000 SW Archer Road, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Hrishikesh Deshpande
- Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 619 19th Street South, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Roland Staud
- Department of Rheumatology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, 1600 SW Archer Rd, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - David Redden
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1665 University Blvd #327, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Catherine C Price
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, 1225 Center Drive, Gainesville, FL, 32603, USA
| | - Burel R Goodin
- Department of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Campbell Hall 415, 1300 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL, 35223, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University, 660 S Euclid Ave, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Roger B Fillingim
- Pain Research and Intervention Center of Excellence, University of Florida, 2004 Mowry Road, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
- Department of Community Dentistry and Behavioral Science, University of Florida College of Dentistry, 1329 SW 16th Street, Gainesville, FL, 32610-3628, USA
| | - Kimberly T Sibille
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Florida, 3450 Hull Road, Gainesville, FL, 32607, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Pain Medicine, University of Florida, 1600 SW Archer Road, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
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13
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Nelson CA, Sullivan E, Engelstad AM. Annual Research Review: Early intervention viewed through the lens of developmental neuroscience. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2024; 65:435-455. [PMID: 37438865 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.13858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
The overarching goal of this paper is to examine the efficacy of early intervention when viewed through the lens of developmental neuroscience. We begin by briefly summarizing neural development from conception through the first few postnatal years. We emphasize the role of experience during the postnatal period, and consistent with decades of research on critical periods, we argue that experience can represent both a period of opportunity and a period of vulnerability. Because plasticity is at the heart of early intervention, we next turn our attention to the efficacy of early intervention drawing from two distinct literatures: early intervention services for children growing up in disadvantaged environments, and children at elevated likelihood of developing a neurodevelopmental delay or disorder. In the case of the former, we single out interventions that target caregiving and in the case of the latter, we highlight recent work on autism. A consistent theme throughout our review is a discussion of how early intervention is embedded in the developing brain. We conclude our article by discussing the implications our review has for policy, and we then offer recommendations for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles A Nelson
- Department of Pediatrics and Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Developmental Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Graduate School of Education, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Eileen Sullivan
- Division of Developmental Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Graduate School of Education, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Anne-Michelle Engelstad
- Division of Developmental Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Graduate School of Education, Cambridge, MA, USA
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14
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Huang X, Gao L, Xiao J, Li L, Shan X, Chen H, Chai X, Duan X. Family Environment Modulates Linkage of Transdiagnostic Psychiatric Phenotypes and Dissociable Brain Features in the Developing Brain. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY. COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2024:S2451-9022(24)00081-8. [PMID: 38537777 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2024.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Family environment has long been known for shaping brain function and psychiatric phenotypes, especially during childhood and adolescence. Accumulating neuroimaging evidence suggests that across different psychiatric disorders, common phenotypes may share common neural bases, indicating latent brain-behavior relationships beyond diagnostic categories. However, the influence of family environment on the brain-behavior relationship from a transdiagnostic perspective remains unknown. METHODS We included a community-based sample of 699 participants (ages 5-22 years) and applied partial least squares regression analysis to determine latent brain-behavior relationships from whole-brain functional connectivity and comprehensive phenotypic measures. Comparisons were made between diagnostic and nondiagnostic groups to help interpret the latent brain-behavior relationships. A moderation model was introduced to examine the potential moderating role of family factors in the estimated brain-behavior associations. RESULTS Four significant latent brain-behavior pairs were identified that reflected the relationship of dissociable brain network and general behavioral problems, cognitive and language skills, externalizing problems, and social dysfunction, respectively. The group comparisons exhibited interpretable variations across different diagnostic groups. A warm family environment was found to moderate the brain-behavior relationship of core symptoms in internalizing disorders. However, in neurodevelopmental disorders, family factors were not found to moderate the brain-behavior relationship of core symptoms, but they were found to affect the brain-behavior relationship in other domains. CONCLUSIONS Our findings leveraged a transdiagnostic analysis to investigate the moderating effects of family factors on brain-behavior associations, emphasizing the different roles that family factors play during this developmental period across distinct diagnostic groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Huang
- Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, High-Field Magnetic Resonance Brain Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Leying Gao
- Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, High-Field Magnetic Resonance Brain Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jinming Xiao
- Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, High-Field Magnetic Resonance Brain Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lei Li
- Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, High-Field Magnetic Resonance Brain Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaolong Shan
- Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, High-Field Magnetic Resonance Brain Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Huafu Chen
- Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, High-Field Magnetic Resonance Brain Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaoqian Chai
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
| | - Xujun Duan
- Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, High-Field Magnetic Resonance Brain Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
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15
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Ge R, Yu Y, Qi YX, Fan YN, Chen S, Gao C, Haas SS, New F, Boomsma DI, Brodaty H, Brouwer RM, Buckner R, Caseras X, Crivello F, Crone EA, Erk S, Fisher SE, Franke B, Glahn DC, Dannlowski U, Grotegerd D, Gruber O, Hulshoff Pol HE, Schumann G, Tamnes CK, Walter H, Wierenga LM, Jahanshad N, Thompson PM, Frangou S. Normative modelling of brain morphometry across the lifespan with CentileBrain: algorithm benchmarking and model optimisation. Lancet Digit Health 2024; 6:e211-e221. [PMID: 38395541 PMCID: PMC10929064 DOI: 10.1016/s2589-7500(23)00250-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
The value of normative models in research and clinical practice relies on their robustness and a systematic comparison of different modelling algorithms and parameters; however, this has not been done to date. We aimed to identify the optimal approach for normative modelling of brain morphometric data through systematic empirical benchmarking, by quantifying the accuracy of different algorithms and identifying parameters that optimised model performance. We developed this framework with regional morphometric data from 37 407 healthy individuals (53% female and 47% male; aged 3-90 years) from 87 datasets from Europe, Australia, the USA, South Africa, and east Asia following a comparative evaluation of eight algorithms and multiple covariate combinations pertaining to image acquisition and quality, parcellation software versions, global neuroimaging measures, and longitudinal stability. The multivariate fractional polynomial regression (MFPR) emerged as the preferred algorithm, optimised with non-linear polynomials for age and linear effects of global measures as covariates. The MFPR models showed excellent accuracy across the lifespan and within distinct age-bins and longitudinal stability over a 2-year period. The performance of all MFPR models plateaued at sample sizes exceeding 3000 study participants. This model can inform about the biological and behavioural implications of deviations from typical age-related neuroanatomical changes and support future study designs. The model and scripts described here are freely available through CentileBrain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiyang Ge
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Yuetong Yu
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Yi Xuan Qi
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Yu-Nan Fan
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Shiyu Chen
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Chuntong Gao
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Shalaila S Haas
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Faye New
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dorret I Boomsma
- Netherlands Twin Register, Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Henry Brodaty
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Rachel M Brouwer
- Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Randy Buckner
- Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Xavier Caseras
- Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, UK
| | - Fabrice Crivello
- Groupe d'Imagerie Neurofonctionnelle-Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Université de Bordeaux, CNRS UMR 5293, Bordeaux, France
| | - Eveline A Crone
- Erasmus School of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Susanne Erk
- Division of Mind and Brain Research, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Simon E Fisher
- Language and Genetics Department, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Barbara Franke
- Departments of Human Genetics, Psychiatry and Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - David C Glahn
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Udo Dannlowski
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Dominik Grotegerd
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Oliver Gruber
- Section for Experimental Psychopathology and Neuroimaging, Department of General Psychiatry, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hilleke E Hulshoff Pol
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Helmholtz Institute, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Gunter Schumann
- Centre for Population Neuroscience and Stratified Medicine, Institute for Science and Technology of Brain-inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; PONS Centre, Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, CCM, Charite Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Henrik Walter
- Division of Mind and Brain Research, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lara M Wierenga
- Brain and Development Research Center, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Neda Jahanshad
- Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA
| | - Paul M Thompson
- Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA
| | - Sophia Frangou
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
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16
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Wu H, Guo Y, Zhang Y, Zhao L, Guo C. Self-esteem and cortical thickness correlate with aggression in healthy children: A surface-based analysis. Behav Brain Res 2024; 458:114737. [PMID: 37924850 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2023.114737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
Aggressive behavior can have serious physical, psychological, and social consequences. However, little is known about the personality and neurological antecedents underlying aggressive behavior in children. The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between self-esteem, aggression, and brain structure (i.e., cortical thickness and surface area) in a population of healthy children (N = 78; 9-12 years; mean age: 9.95 ± 0.90 years). The results revealed that self-esteem showed a negative association with aggression and significantly predicted aggressive behavior. No gender differences were found in aggression and its neural correlates. We performed the cortical parcellation method to further explore the neural foundations underlying the association of self-esteem with aggression. Children with higher aggression had increased cortical thickness in four clusters after multiple comparison correction: right medial orbitofrontal cortex, right lateral orbitofrontal cortex, right superior frontal gyrus, and left insula. In a mediation analysis, cortical thickness in the right medial orbitofrontal cortex contributed to the effect of self-esteem on aggression. These findings extend our understanding of morphological correlates of aggression in children, suggesting that an increased cortical thickness in childhood is a potential mechanism linking low self-esteem to aggression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Wu
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yiqun Guo
- School of Innovation and Entrepreneurship Education, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China
| | - Yaoyao Zhang
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Le Zhao
- School of Applied Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Cheng Guo
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.
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17
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Hendrikse C, Lückhoff HK, Fouché JP, van den Heuvel LL, Emsley R, Seedat S, du Plessis S. Fronto-limbic white matter microstructural changes in psychiatrically healthy adults with childhood trauma. J Neurosci Res 2024; 102:e25308. [PMID: 38361421 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.25308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Childhood trauma (CT) may influence brain white matter microstructure; however, few studies have examined the differential impact of distinct CT types on white matter microstructure in psychiatrically healthy adults living in a developing country. In adults without significant medical or psychiatric disorders, we investigated the association(s) between CT, including abuse and neglect, and fractional anisotropy (FA) of limbic tracts previously shown to be associated with CT. Participants underwent diffusion tensor imaging and completed the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire. Multivariate analysis of variance models were used to test the effects of total overall CT, as well as CT subtypes, on FA in six fronto-limbic tracts, adjusting for age, sex, and educational level. The final sample included 69 adults (age 47 ± 17 years; 70% female). Overall, CT had a significant main effect on FA for tracts of interest (p < .001). Greater CT severity was associated with lower FA for the bilateral and left stria terminalis (uncorrected) as well as the bilateral, left, and right anterior limb of the internal capsule (ALIC; corrected). Exposure to total non-violent/deprivational trauma specifically was associated with lower FA of the bilateral, left, and right ALIC, suggesting that distinct types of CT are associated with differential white matter changes in apparently healthy adults. The ALIC predominantly carries fibers connecting the thalamus with prefrontal cortical regions. Microstructural alterations in the ALIC may be associated with functional brain changes, which may be adaptive or increase the risk of accelerated age-related cognitive decline, maladaptive behaviors, and subsyndromal psychiatric symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanellé Hendrikse
- Department of Psychiatry, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | | | - Jean-Paul Fouché
- Department of Psychiatry, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
- Genomics of Brain Disorders Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council/Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Leigh L van den Heuvel
- Department of Psychiatry, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
- Genomics of Brain Disorders Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council/Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Robin Emsley
- Department of Psychiatry, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Soraya Seedat
- Department of Psychiatry, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
- Genomics of Brain Disorders Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council/Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Stefan du Plessis
- Department of Psychiatry, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
- Genomics of Brain Disorders Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council/Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
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18
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Sofer T, Granot-Hershkovitz E, Tarraf W, Filigrana P, Isasi CR, Suglia SF, Kaplan R, Taylor K, Daviglus ML, Testai FD, Zeng D, Cai J, Fornage M, González HM, DeCarli C. Intracranial Volume Is Driven by Both Genetics and Early Life Exposures: The SOL-INCA-MRI Study. Ethn Dis 2024; 34:103-112. [PMID: 38973806 PMCID: PMC11223032 DOI: 10.18865/ed.34.2.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Intracranial volume (ICV) reflects maximal brain development and is associated with later-life cognitive abilities. We quantified ICV among first- and second-generation Hispanic and Latino adults from the Study of Latinos-Investigation of Cognitive Aging - MRI (SOL-INCA-MRI), estimated ICV heritability, and tested its associations with previously reported genetic variants, both individually and as a genetic risk score (GRS). We also estimated the association of ICV with early life environmental measures: nativity or age of immigration and parental education. The estimated heritability of ICV was 19% (95% CI, 0.1%-56%) in n=1781 unrelated SOL-INCA-MRI individuals. Four of 10 tested genetic variants were associated with ICV and an increase of 1 SD of the ICV-GRS was associated with an increase of 10.37 cm3 in the ICV (95% CI, 5.29-15.45). Compared to being born in the continental United States, immigrating to the United States at age 11 years or older was associated with 24 cm3 smaller ICV (95% CI, -39.97 to -8.06). Compared to both parents having less than high-school education, at least 1 parent completing high-school education was associated with 15.4 cm3 greater ICV (95% CI, 4.46-26.39). These data confirm the importance of early life health on brain development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamar Sofer
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- CardioVascular Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Einat Granot-Hershkovitz
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Wassim Tarraf
- Institute of Gerontology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI
| | - Paola Filigrana
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Carmen R. Isasi
- Department of Epidemiology & Population Health, Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Shakira F. Suglia
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Robert Kaplan
- Department of Epidemiology & Population Health, Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle WA
| | - Kent Taylor
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA
| | - Martha L. Daviglus
- Department of Medicine, Institute for Minority Health Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL
| | - Fernando D. Testai
- Department of Neurology, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Donglin Zeng
- Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Jianwen Cai
- Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Myriam Fornage
- Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX
| | - Hector M. González
- Department of Neurosciences and Shiley-Marcos Alzheimer’s Disease Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Charles DeCarli
- Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA
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Cardenas-Iniguez C, Schachner JN, Ip KI, Schertz KE, Gonzalez MR, Abad S, Herting MM. Building towards an adolescent neural urbanome: Expanding environmental measures using linked external data (LED) in the ABCD study. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2024; 65:101338. [PMID: 38195369 PMCID: PMC10837718 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2023.101338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Many recent studies have demonstrated that environmental contexts, both social and physical, have an important impact on child and adolescent neural and behavioral development. The adoption of geospatial methods, such as in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study, has facilitated the exploration of many environmental contexts surrounding participants' residential locations without creating additional burdens for research participants (i.e., youth and families) in neuroscience studies. However, as the number of linked databases increases, developing a framework that considers the various domains related to child and adolescent environments external to their home becomes crucial. Such a framework needs to identify structural contextual factors that may yield inequalities in children's built and natural environments; these differences may, in turn, result in downstream negative effects on children from historically minoritized groups. In this paper, we develop such a framework - which we describe as the "adolescent neural urbanome" - and use it to categorize newly geocoded information incorporated into the ABCD Study by the Linked External Data (LED) Environment & Policy Working Group. We also highlight important relationships between the linked measures and describe possible applications of the Adolescent Neural Urbanome. Finally, we provide a number of recommendations and considerations regarding the responsible use and communication of these data, highlighting the potential harm to historically minoritized groups through their misuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Cardenas-Iniguez
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Jared N Schachner
- Price School of Public Policy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ka I Ip
- Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota, MN, USA
| | - Kathryn E Schertz
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Marybel R Gonzalez
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Shermaine Abad
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Megan M Herting
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Backhouse EV, Bauermeister S, Wardlaw JM. Lifetime influences on imaging markers of adverse brain health and vascular disease. CEREBRAL CIRCULATION - COGNITION AND BEHAVIOR 2023; 6:100194. [PMID: 38292018 PMCID: PMC10827485 DOI: 10.1016/j.cccb.2023.100194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Cerebral small vessel disease (cSVD) is highly prevalent in the general population, increases with age and vascular risk factor exposure, and is a common cause of stroke and dementia. There is great variation in cSVD burden experienced in older age, and maintaining brain health across the life course requires looking beyond an individual's current clinical status and traditional vascular risk factors. Of particular importance are social determinants of health which can be more important than healthcare or lifestyle choices in influencing later life health outcomes, including brain health. In this paper we discuss the social determinants of cerebrovascular disease, focusing on the impact of socioeconomic status on markers of cSVD. We outline the potential mechanisms behind these associations, including early life exposures, health behaviours and brain reserve and maintenance, and we highlight the importance of public health interventions to address the key determinants and risk factors for cSVD from early life stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen V Backhouse
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Chancellor's Building, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK
- MRC UK Dementia Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Sarah Bauermeister
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7JX, UK
- MRC UK Dementia Research Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7JX, UK
| | - Joanna M Wardlaw
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Chancellor's Building, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK
- MRC UK Dementia Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Edinburgh Imaging, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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21
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Sundermann B, Feldmann R, Mathys C, Rau JMH, Garde S, Braje A, Weglage J, Pfleiderer B. Functional connectivity of cognition-related brain networks in adults with fetal alcohol syndrome. BMC Med 2023; 21:496. [PMID: 38093292 PMCID: PMC10720228 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-023-03208-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) can result in cognitive dysfunction. Cognitive functions affected are subserved by few functional brain networks. Functional connectivity (FC) in these networks can be assessed with resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI). Alterations of FC have been reported in children and adolescents prenatally exposed to alcohol. Previous reports varied substantially regarding the exact nature of findings. The purpose of this study was to assess FC of cognition-related networks in young adults with FAS. METHODS Cross-sectional rs-fMRI study in participants with FAS (n = 39, age: 20.9 ± 3.4 years) and healthy participants without prenatal alcohol exposure (n = 44, age: 22.2 ± 3.4 years). FC was calculated as correlation between cortical regions in ten cognition-related sub-networks. Subsequent modelling of overall FC was based on linear models comparing FC between FAS and controls. Results were subjected to a hierarchical statistical testing approach, first determining whether there is any alteration of FC in FAS in the full cognitive connectome, subsequently resolving these findings to the level of either FC within each network or between networks based on the Higher Criticism (HC) approach for detecting rare and weak effects in high-dimensional data. Finally, group differences in single connections were assessed using conventional multiple-comparison correction. In an additional exploratory analysis, dynamic FC states were assessed. RESULTS Comparing FAS participants with controls, we observed altered FC of cognition-related brain regions globally, within 7 out of 10 networks, and between networks employing the HC statistic. This was most obvious in attention-related network components. Findings also spanned across subcomponents of the fronto-parietal control and default mode networks. None of the single FC alterations within these networks yielded statistical significance in the conventional high-resolution analysis. The exploratory time-resolved FC analysis did not show significant group differences of dynamic FC states. CONCLUSIONS FC in cognition-related networks was altered in adults with FAS. Effects were widely distributed across networks, potentially reflecting the diversity of cognitive deficits in FAS. However, no altered single connections could be determined in the most detailed analysis level. Findings were pronounced in networks in line with attentional deficits previously reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedikt Sundermann
- Institute of Radiology and Neuroradiology, Evangelisches Krankenhaus Oldenburg, Universitätsmedizin Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
- Clinic of Radiology, Medical Faculty, University of Münster, Albert- Schweitzer-Campus 1, Building A1, 48149, Münster, Germany
- Research Center Neurosensory Science, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Reinhold Feldmann
- Department of General Pediatrics, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Christian Mathys
- Institute of Radiology and Neuroradiology, Evangelisches Krankenhaus Oldenburg, Universitätsmedizin Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
- Research Center Neurosensory Science, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Johanna M H Rau
- Clinic of Radiology, Medical Faculty, University of Münster, Albert- Schweitzer-Campus 1, Building A1, 48149, Münster, Germany
- Department of Neurology With Institute of Translational Neurology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Stefan Garde
- Clinic of Radiology, Medical Faculty, University of Münster, Albert- Schweitzer-Campus 1, Building A1, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Anna Braje
- Clinic of Radiology, Medical Faculty, University of Münster, Albert- Schweitzer-Campus 1, Building A1, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Josef Weglage
- Department of General Pediatrics, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Bettina Pfleiderer
- Clinic of Radiology, Medical Faculty, University of Münster, Albert- Schweitzer-Campus 1, Building A1, 48149, Münster, Germany.
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22
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Ge R, Yu Y, Qi YX, Fan YV, Chen S, Gao C, Haas SS, Modabbernia A, New F, Agartz I, Asherson P, Ayesa-Arriola R, Banaj N, Banaschewski T, Baumeister S, Bertolino A, Boomsma DI, Borgwardt S, Bourque J, Brandeis D, Breier A, Brodaty H, Brouwer RM, Buckner R, Buitelaar JK, Cannon DM, Caseras X, Cervenka S, Conrod PJ, Crespo-Facorro B, Crivello F, Crone EA, de Haan L, de Zubicaray GI, Di Giorgio A, Erk S, Fisher SE, Franke B, Frodl T, Glahn DC, Grotegerd D, Gruber O, Gruner P, Gur RE, Gur RC, Harrison BJ, Hatton SN, Hickie I, Howells FM, Pol HEH, Huyser C, Jernigan TL, Jiang J, Joska JA, Kahn RS, Kalnin AJ, Kochan NA, Koops S, Kuntsi J, Lagopoulos J, Lazaro L, Lebedeva IS, Lochner C, Martin NG, Mazoyer B, McDonald BC, McDonald C, McMahon KL, Nakao T, Nyberg L, Piras F, Portella MJ, Qiu J, Roffman JL, Sachdev PS, Sanford N, Satterthwaite TD, Saykin AJ, Schumann G, Sellgren CM, Sim K, Smoller JW, Soares J, Sommer IE, Spalletta G, Stein DJ, Tamnes CK, Thomopolous SI, Tomyshev AS, Tordesillas-Gutiérrez D, Trollor JN, van ’t Ent D, van den Heuvel OA, van Erp TGM, van Haren NEM, Vecchio D, Veltman DJ, Walter H, Wang Y, Weber B, Wei D, Wen W, Westlye LT, Wierenga LM, Williams SCR, Wright MJ, Medland S, Wu MJ, Yu K, Jahanshad N, Thompson PM, Frangou S. Normative Modeling of Brain Morphometry Across the Lifespan Using CentileBrain: Algorithm Benchmarking and Model Optimization. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.01.30.523509. [PMID: 38076938 PMCID: PMC10705253 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.30.523509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
We present an empirically benchmarked framework for sex-specific normative modeling of brain morphometry that can inform about the biological and behavioral significance of deviations from typical age-related neuroanatomical changes and support future study designs. This framework was developed using regional morphometric data from 37,407 healthy individuals (53% female; aged 3-90 years) following a comparative evaluation of eight algorithms and multiple covariate combinations pertaining to image acquisition and quality, parcellation software versions, global neuroimaging measures, and longitudinal stability. The Multivariate Factorial Polynomial Regression (MFPR) emerged as the preferred algorithm optimized using nonlinear polynomials for age and linear effects of global measures as covariates. The MFPR models showed excellent accuracy across the lifespan and within distinct age-bins, and longitudinal stability over a 2-year period. The performance of all MFPR models plateaued at sample sizes exceeding 3,000 study participants. The model and scripts described here are freely available through CentileBrain (https://centilebrain.org/).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiyang Ge
- Djavad Mowafagian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Yuetong Yu
- Djavad Mowafagian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Yi Xuan Qi
- Djavad Mowafagian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Yunan Vera Fan
- Djavad Mowafagian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Shiyu Chen
- Djavad Mowafagian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Chuntong Gao
- Djavad Mowafagian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Shalaila S Haas
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Faye New
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ingrid Agartz
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychiatric Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet & Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Philip Asherson
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Center, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Rosa Ayesa-Arriola
- Department of Psychiatry, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, Valdecilla Biomedical Research Institute (IDIVAL), Santander, Spain
| | - Nerisa Banaj
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Tobias Banaschewski
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Sarah Baumeister
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Alessandro Bertolino
- Department of Basic Medical Science, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Dorret I Boomsma
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Stefan Borgwardt
- Translational Psychiatry Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Josiane Bourque
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Daniel Brandeis
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim, Germany
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alan Breier
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Henry Brodaty
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing (CHeBA), School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Rachel M Brouwer
- Department of Psychiatry, UMC Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Complex Trait Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Randy Buckner
- Department of Psychology, Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jan K Buitelaar
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Dara M Cannon
- Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Xavier Caseras
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Simon Cervenka
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet & Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Medical Sciences, Psychiatry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Patricia J Conrod
- Department of Psychiatry and Addiction, Université de Montréal, CHU Ste Justine, Montréal, Canada
| | - Benedicto Crespo-Facorro
- University Hospital Virgen del Rocio, Seville, Spain; Department of Psychiatry, University of Seville, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBIS), Seville, Spain
- Mental Health Research Networking Center (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Fabrice Crivello
- Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Eveline A Crone
- Department of Psychology, Education and Child Studies, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands; Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Liewe de Haan
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Greig I de Zubicaray
- School of Psychology & Counselling, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Annabella Di Giorgio
- Laboratory of Biological Psychiatry, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Susanne Erk
- Division of Mind and Brain Research, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Simon E Fisher
- Language and Genetics Department, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Barbara Franke
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas Frodl
- University Clinics and Clinics for Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatic Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - David C Glahn
- Department of Psychiatry, Tommy Fuss Center for Neuropsychiatric Disease Research Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Dominik Grotegerd
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Oliver Gruber
- Section for Experimental Psychopathology and Neuroimaging, Department of General Psychiatry, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Patricia Gruner
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Raquel E Gur
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ruben C Gur
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ben J Harrison
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne & Melbourne Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sean N Hatton
- Center for Multimodal Imaging and Genetics, University of California San Diego, La jolla, California, USA
| | - Ian Hickie
- Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Fleur M Howells
- Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Hilleke E Hulshoff Pol
- Department of Psychiatry, UMC Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Chaim Huyser
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Academic Medical Centre/De Bascule, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Terry L Jernigan
- Center for Human Development, Departments of Cognitive Science, Psychiatry, and Radiology, University of California, San Diego, USA
| | - Jiyang Jiang
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing (CHeBA), School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - John A Joska
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - René S Kahn
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Andrew J Kalnin
- Department of Radiology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Nicole A Kochan
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing (CHeBA), School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Sanne Koops
- Department of Psychiatry and Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jonna Kuntsi
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Center, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Jim Lagopoulos
- Sunshine Coast Mind and Neuroscience - Thompson Institute, University of the Sunshine Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Luisa Lazaro
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, Hospital Clínic Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Christine Lochner
- SA MRC Unit on Risk and Resilience in Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Nicholas G Martin
- Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Bernard Mazoyer
- Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Brenna C McDonald
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Colm McDonald
- Centre for Neuroimaging & Cognitive Genomics (NICOG), NCBES Galway Neuroscience Centre, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Katie L McMahon
- School of Clinical Sciences, Centre for Biomedical Technologies, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Tomohiro Nakao
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Lars Nyberg
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Fabrizio Piras
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria J Portella
- Mental Health Research Networking Center (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital de la Santa Creu iSant Pau, Institutd' Investigació Biomèdica SantPau, Universitat Autònomade Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jiang Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Southwest University, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, PR China
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, PR China
- Southwest University Branch, Collaborative Innovation Center of Assessment Toward Basic Education Quality, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Joshua L Roffman
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Perminder S Sachdev
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing (CHeBA), School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Nicole Sanford
- Djavad Mowafagian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | - Andrew J Saykin
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Gunter Schumann
- Centre for Population Neuroscience and Precision Medicine (PONS), Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, Social, Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry Centre, King's College London, London, UK; Institute for Science and Technology of Brain-inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China; Centre for Population Neuroscience and Stratified Medicine (PONS), Charite Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, CCM, Charite Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Carl M Sellgren
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet & Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kang Sim
- Institute of Mental Health, Singapore
| | - Jordan W Smoller
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jair Soares
- University of Texas Health Harris County Psychiatric Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Iris E Sommer
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, Rijksuniversiteit Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Dan J Stein
- SA MRC Unit on Risk and Resilience in Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Christian K Tamnes
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychiatric Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- PROMENTA Research Center, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sophia I Thomopolous
- Genetics Center, Stevens Institute for Neuroimaging and Informatics, Keck USC School of Medicine, Marina del Rey, California, USA
| | | | - Diana Tordesillas-Gutiérrez
- Department of Radiology, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, Valdecilla Biomedical Research Institute (IDIVAL), Santander, Spain; Advanced Computing and e-Science, Instituto de Física de Cantabria (UC-CSIC), Santander, Spain
| | - Julian N Trollor
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing (CHeBA), School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Department of Developmental Disability Neuropsychiatry, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Dennis van ’t Ent
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Odile A van den Heuvel
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Anatomy & Neurosciences, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Theo GM van Erp
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Neeltje EM van Haren
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Daniela Vecchio
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Dick J Veltman
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Henrik Walter
- Division of Mind and Brain Research, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Radiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Bernd Weber
- Institute for Experimental Epileptology and Cognition Research, University of Bonn Germany, Bonn, Germany; University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Dongtao Wei
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Southwest University, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, PR China
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Wei Wen
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing (CHeBA), School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Lars T Westlye
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lara M Wierenga
- Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands; Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Steven CR Williams
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Margaret J Wright
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Sarah Medland
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Mon-Ju Wu
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Kevin Yu
- Djavad Mowafagian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Neda Jahanshad
- Genetics Center, Stevens Institute for Neuroimaging and Informatics, Keck USC School of Medicine, Marina del Rey, California, USA
| | - Paul M Thompson
- Genetics Center, Stevens Institute for Neuroimaging and Informatics, Keck USC School of Medicine, Marina del Rey, California, USA
| | - Sophia Frangou
- Djavad Mowafagian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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23
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Marshall AT, Adise S, Cardenas-Iniguez C, Hippolyte OK, Parchment CA, Villalobos TI, Wong LT, Cisneros CP, Kan EC, Palmer CE, Bodison SC, Herting MM, Sowell ER. Family- and neighborhood-level environmental associations with physical health conditions in 9- and 10-year-olds. Health Psychol 2023; 42:878-888. [PMID: 36633989 PMCID: PMC10336174 DOI: 10.1037/hea0001254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine how environmental factors are associated with physical health conditions in 9- to 10-year-old participants in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study, and how they are moderated by family-level socioeconomic status (SES). METHOD We performed cross-sectional analyses of 8,429 youth participants in the ABCD Study, in which nine physical health conditions (having underweight or overweight/obesity, not participating in sports activities, short sleep duration, high sleep disturbances, lack of vigorous and strengthening-related physical activity, miscellaneous medical problems, and traumatic brain injury) were regressed on three environmental factors [neighborhood disadvantage (area deprivation index [ADI]), risk of lead exposure, and concentrations of particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5)] and their interaction with family-level SES (i.e., parent-reported annual household income). Environmental data were geocoded to participants' primary residential addresses at 9- to 10-year-olds. RESULTS Risk of lead exposure and ADI were positively associated with the odds of having overweight/obesity, not participating in sports activity, and short sleep durations. ADI was also positively associated with high sleep disturbances. PM2.5 was positively associated with the odds of having overweight/obesity and reduced vigorous physical activity. Family-level SES moderated relationships between ADI and both underweight and overweight/obesity, with high SES being associated with more pronounced changes given increased ADI. CONCLUSIONS Policymakers and public health officials must implement policies and remediation strategies to ensure children are free from exposure to neurotoxicant and environmental factors. Physical health conditions may be less of a product of an individual's choices and more related to environmental influences. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew T. Marshall
- Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Shana Adise
- Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | | | - Ogechi K. Hippolyte
- Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Camille A. Parchment
- Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Tanya I. Villalobos
- Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Lawrence T. Wong
- Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | | | - Eric C. Kan
- Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Clare E. Palmer
- Center for Human Development, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Stefanie C. Bodison
- College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Megan M. Herting
- Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth R. Sowell
- Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
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Filigrana P, Moon JY, Gallo LC, Fernández-Rhodes L, Perreira KM, Daviglus ML, Thyagarajan B, Garcia-Bedoya OL, Cai J, Lipton RB, Kaplan RC, Gonzalez HM, Isasi CR. Childhood and Life-Course Socioeconomic Position and Cognitive Function in the Adult Population of the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos. Am J Epidemiol 2023; 192:2006-2017. [PMID: 37420108 PMCID: PMC10988221 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwad157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The Hispanic/Latino population experiences socioeconomic adversities across the lifespan and is at greater risk of cognitive impairment, yet little is known about the role of life-course socioeconomic position (SEP) in cognitive function in this population. Using baseline data (2008-2011) from adults (aged 45-74 years) of the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos, we assessed the association between childhood SEP and socioeconomic mobility with cognitive function, and whether this association was mediated by midlife SEP. Childhood SEP was assessed using parental education. An index combining participants' education and household income represented midlife SEP. Socioeconomic mobility was categorized as stable low, downward or upward mobility, and stable high-SEP. Cognitive function measures were modeled using survey linear regression with inverse-probability weighting, accounting for covariates. We used mediation analysis to estimate the indirect effect of childhood SEP on cognition through midlife SEP. High childhood SEP was associated with global cognition in adulthood (coefficient for parental education beyond high school vs. less than high school = 0.26, 95% confidence interval: 0.15, 0.37). This association was partially mediated through midlife SEP (indirect effect coefficient = 0.16, 95% confidence interval: 0.15, 0.18). Low SEP through the life course was associated with the lowest cognitive function. This study provides evidence that life-course SEP influences cognitive performance in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Filigrana
- Correspondence to Dr. Paola Filigrana, Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Belfer Building-Room 1308, Bronx, NY 10461 (e-mail: )
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25
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Chen C, Wang Z, Cao X, Zhu J. Exploring the association between early exposure to material hardship and psychopathology through indirect effects of fronto-limbic functional connectivity during fear learning. Cereb Cortex 2023; 33:10702-10710. [PMID: 37689831 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhad320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Experiencing family material hardship has been shown to be associated with disruptions in physical and psychological development. However, the association between material hardship and functional connectivity in the fronto-limbic circuit during fear learning is unclear. A total of 161 healthy young adults aged 17-28 were recruited in our brain imaging study, using the Fear Conditioning Task to test the associations between material hardship and connectivity in fronto-limbic circuit and psychopathology. The results showed that family material hardship was linked to higher positive connectivity between the left amygdala and bilateral dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, as well as higher negative connectivity between the left hippocampus and right ventromedial prefrontal cortex. A mediation analysis showed that material hardship was associated with depression via amygdala functional connectivity (indirect effect = 0.228, P = 0.016), and also indirectly associated with aggression and anger-hostility symptoms through hippocampal connections (aggression: indirect effect = 0.057, P = 0.001; anger-hostility: indirect effect = 0.169, P = 0.048). That is, family material hardship appears to affect fronto-limbic circuits through changes in specific connectivity, and these specific changes, in turn, could lead to specific psychological symptoms. The findings have implications for designing developmentally sensitive interventions to mitigate the emergence of psychopathological symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Chen
- Center for Early Environment and Brain Development, School of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Department of Psychology, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhengxinyue Wang
- Center for Cognition and Brain Disorders of Affiliated Hospital, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Xinyu Cao
- Center for Cognition and Brain Disorders of Affiliated Hospital, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Jianjun Zhu
- Center for Early Environment and Brain Development, School of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Department of Psychology, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
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26
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Bottenhorn KL, Cardenas-Iniguez C, Mills KL, Laird AR, Herting MM. Profiling intra- and inter-individual differences in brain development across early adolescence. Neuroimage 2023; 279:120287. [PMID: 37536527 PMCID: PMC10833064 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2023.120287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
As we move toward population-level developmental neuroscience, understanding intra- and inter-individual variability in brain maturation and sources of neurodevelopmental heterogeneity becomes paramount. Large-scale, longitudinal neuroimaging studies have uncovered group-level neurodevelopmental trajectories, and while recent work has begun to untangle intra- and inter-individual differences, they remain largely unclear. Here, we aim to quantify both intra- and inter-individual variability across facets of neurodevelopment across early adolescence (ages 8.92 to 13.83 years) in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study and examine inter-individual variability as a function of age, sex, and puberty. Our results provide novel insight into differences in annualized percent change in macrostructure, microstructure, and functional brain development from ages 9-13 years old. These findings reveal moderate age-related intra-individual change, but age-related differences in inter-individual variability only in a few measures of cortical macro- and microstructure development. Greater inter-individual variability in brain development were seen in mid-pubertal individuals, except for a few aspects of white matter development that were more variable between prepubertal individuals in some tracts. Although both sexes contributed to inter-individual differences in macrostructure and functional development in a few regions of the brain, we found limited support for hypotheses regarding greater male-than-female variability. This work highlights pockets of individual variability across facets of early adolescent brain development, while also highlighting regional differences in heterogeneity to facilitate future investigations in quantifying and probing nuances in normative development, and deviations therefrom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine L Bottenhorn
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, 1845 N Soto St, Los Angeles, CA 90032, USA; Department of Psychology, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th St, Miami, FL 33199, USA.
| | - Carlos Cardenas-Iniguez
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, 1845 N Soto St, Los Angeles, CA 90032, USA
| | - Kathryn L Mills
- Department of Psychology, University of Oregon, 1227 University St, Eugene, OR 97403, USA
| | - Angela R Laird
- Department of Physics, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th St, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Megan M Herting
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, 1845 N Soto St, Los Angeles, CA 90032, USA.
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Elsayed NM, Luby JL, Barch DM. Contributions of socioeconomic status and cognition to emotion processes and internalizing psychopathology in childhood and adolescence: A systematic review. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 152:105303. [PMID: 37414378 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
This systematic review evaluated evidence from 25 manuscripts regarding three possible relationships of socioeconomic disadvantage (SESD) and cognition to emotion knowledge (EK), emotion regulation (ER), and internalizing psychopathology (IP) across development; a) independent contributions of disadvantage and cognition; b) cognition mediates relations of disadvantage; or c) cognition moderates' relations of disadvantage. Results support associations between SESD and cognition to emotion that differ by cognitive domain and developmental epoch. For EK, in early and middle childhood language and executive functions contribute to EK independent of SESD, and early childhood executive functions may interact with socioeconomic status (SES) to predict prospective EK. Regarding ER, language contributes to ER independent of SES across development and may mediate associations between SES and ER in adolescence. Regarding IP, SES, language, executive function, and general ability have independent contributions to IP across development; in adolescence executive function may mediate or moderate associations between SES and IP. Findings highlight the need for nuanced and developmentally sensitive research on the contributions of SESD and domains of cognition to emotion.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joan L Luby
- Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Deanna M Barch
- Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, MO, USA; Washington University in St. Louis, MO, USA
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28
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Feijó DM, Pires JF, Gomes RMR, Carlo EJF, Viana TNDL, Magalhães JR, Santos ACT, Rodrigues LD, Oliveira LF, dos Santos JCC. The impact of child poverty on brain development: does money matter? Dement Neuropsychol 2023; 17:e20220105. [PMID: 37577181 PMCID: PMC10417148 DOI: 10.1590/1980-5764-dn-2022-0105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of the human nervous system makes up a series of fundamental and interdependent events involving birth, growth, and neuronal maturation, in addition to the positive or negative selection of synapses of these neurons that will participate in the composition of neural circuits essential to the activity of the nervous system. In this context, where environment and social relationships seem to be relevant markers for neurodevelopment, advanced neuroimaging techniques and behavioral assessment tools have demonstrated alterations in brain regions and cognitive functions among children developing in low or high socioeconomic status environments. Considering the aspects mentioned, this review aimed to identify the importance of socioeconomic status in children's brain development, seeking to identify what are the impacts of these factors on the morphological and physiological formation of the nervous system, allowing a greater understanding of the importance of environmental factors in neurodevelopmental processes.
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29
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Vannucci A, Fields A, Hansen E, Katz A, Kerwin J, Tachida A, Martin N, Tottenham N. Interpersonal early adversity demonstrates dissimilarity from early socioeconomic disadvantage in the course of human brain development: A meta-analysis. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 150:105210. [PMID: 37141961 PMCID: PMC10247458 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
It has been established that early-life adversity impacts brain development, but the role of development itself has largely been ignored. We take a developmentally-sensitive approach to examine the neurodevelopmental sequelae of early adversity in a preregistered meta-analysis of 27,234 youth (birth to 18-years-old), providing the largest group of adversity-exposed youth to date. Findings demonstrate that early-life adversity does not have an ontogenetically uniform impact on brain volumes, but instead exhibits age-, experience-, and region-specific associations. Relative to non-exposed comparisons, interpersonal early adversity (e.g., family-based maltreatment) was associated with initially larger volumes in frontolimbic regions until ∼10-years-old, after which these exposures were linked to increasingly smaller volumes. By contrast, socioeconomic disadvantage (e.g., poverty) was associated with smaller volumes in temporal-limbic regions in childhood, which were attenuated at older ages. These findings advance ongoing debates regarding why, when, and how early-life adversity shapes later neural outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Vannucci
- Department of Psychology, Developmental Affective Neuroscience Laboratory, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA.
| | - Andrea Fields
- Department of Psychology, Developmental Affective Neuroscience Laboratory, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA.
| | - Eleanor Hansen
- Department of Psychology, Developmental Affective Neuroscience Laboratory, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Ariel Katz
- Department of Psychology, Developmental Affective Neuroscience Laboratory, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - John Kerwin
- Department of Psychology, Developmental Affective Neuroscience Laboratory, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Ayumi Tachida
- Department of Psychology, Developmental Affective Neuroscience Laboratory, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Nathan Martin
- Department of Psychology, Developmental Affective Neuroscience Laboratory, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Nim Tottenham
- Department of Psychology, Developmental Affective Neuroscience Laboratory, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA.
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30
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Mariko H, Uban KA. The implications of socioeconomic factors on salivary bioscience methodological variables in a large pediatric multi-site study. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1088043. [PMID: 37427258 PMCID: PMC10327643 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1088043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Salivary bioscience has found increased utilization within pediatric research, given the non-invasive nature of self-collecting saliva for measuring biological markers. With this growth in pediatric utility, more understanding is needed of how social-contextual factors, such as socioeconomic factors or status (SES), influence salivary bioscience in large multi-site studies. Socioeconomic factors have been shown to influence non-salivary analyte levels across childhood and adolescent development. However, less is understood about relationships between these socioeconomic factors and salivary collection methodological variables (e.g., time of saliva collection from waking, time of day of saliva collection, physical activity prior to saliva collection, and caffeine intake prior to saliva collection). Variability in salivary methodological variables between participants may impact the levels of analytes measured in a salivary sample, thus serving as a potential mechanism for non-random systematic biases in analytes. Methods Our objective is to examine relationships between socioeconomic factors and salivary bioscience methodological variables within the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study© cohort of children aged 9-10 years old (n = 10,567 participants with saliva samples). Results We observed significant associations between household socioeconomic factors (poverty status, education) and salivary collection methodological variables (time since waking, time of day of sampling, physical activity, and caffeine intake). Moreover, lower levels of household poverty and education were significantly associated with more sources of potential bias in salivary collection methodological variables (e.g., longer times since waking, collections later in the day, higher odds of caffeine consumption, and lower odds of physical activity). Consistent associations were not observed with neighborhood socioeconomic factors and salivary methodological variables. Discussion Previous literature demonstrates associations between collection methodological variables and measurements of salivary analyte levels, particularly with analytes that are more sensitive to circadian rhythms, pH levels, or rigorous physical activity. Our novel findings suggest that unintended distortions in measured salivary analyte values, potentially resulting from the non-random systematic biases in salivary methodology, need to be intentionally incorporated into analyses and interpretation of results. This is particularly salient for future studies interested in examining underlying mechanisms of childhood socioeconomic health inequities in future analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hawa Mariko
- Program in Public Health, Susan and Henry Samueli College of Health Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Salivary Bioscience Research, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Kristina A. Uban
- Program in Public Health, Susan and Henry Samueli College of Health Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Salivary Bioscience Research, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
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31
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Shukla M, Crew A, Wu A, Riddleston L, Hutchinson T, Kumari V, Hughes LD, Lau JYF. Self-Reported Worries in Young People During the COVID-19 Pandemic. COGNITIVE THERAPY AND RESEARCH 2023; 47:1-12. [PMID: 37363750 PMCID: PMC10238236 DOI: 10.1007/s10608-023-10396-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Purpose COVID-19 pandemic has had long-standing consequences for all aspects of life. Although young people appear less susceptible to severe forms of physical illness due to the coronavirus, they have not escaped unscathed from its' psychological impacts. The present study measured the content of worries in young people residing in the UK during the pandemic and how it varied with sociodemographic factors. Methods Between May and December 2020, UK-residing participants aged 12-25 years completed an online survey that presented participants with free-text fields to describe their top three worries over the last two weeks, in addition to demographic and other information. Cross-sectional data from 2560 participants (Males = 767; Female = 1793) was analyzed. Results Irrespective of sociodemographic, a majority of the participants reported worries related to academics, followed by social relationships, own physical health, social and work routines, and physical health of others. Significantly more females reported concerns about academics, finances, physical health, social and work routines, social relationships, mental health and emotions, and physical health of others. Expectedly, more older (18-25 years) than younger (12-17 years) participants reported concerns about career-prospects and finances, while more younger than older ones were worried about academics (98.41% vs. 80.90%). With respect to financial worries, a higher percentage of BAME (Black, Asian and Minority Ethnic) communities in the UK reported such worries. Ethnicity significantly predicted more worries about social relationships among White than BAME participants. Significant differences also existed across different SES groups regarding endorsement of a particular category of worry. Conclusion These findings highlight the need for tailored interventions depending on the major concerns for young people of different ages, sexes, ethnicities, and SES. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10608-023-10396-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meenakshi Shukla
- Department of Psychology, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, 211002 India
| | - Amelia Crew
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Alison Wu
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Laura Riddleston
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Taryn Hutchinson
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Veena Kumari
- Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK
| | - Lyndsay D. Hughes
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Jennifer Y. F. Lau
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
- Youth Resilience Unit, Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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32
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Jiménez-Ceballos B, Martínez-Herrera E, Ocharan-Hernández ME, Guerra-Araiza C, Farfán García ED, Muñoz-Ramírez UE, Fuentes-Venado CE, Pinto-Almazán R. Nutritional Status and Poverty Condition Are Associated with Depression in Preschoolers. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:children10050835. [PMID: 37238383 DOI: 10.3390/children10050835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Consensus has been reached that symptoms of depression can begin as early as preschool. Nevertheless, only few studies have associated environmental (malnutrition) and social factors (poverty condition, access to health systems, etc.) to the onset of depression in preschoolers. The aim of this study was to explore possible associations between malnutrition (underweight, overweight/obesity), poverty status (home quality, overcrowding), access to healthcare systems and the presence of depressive symptoms in the preschoolers of a semi-rural community. In total, 695 children between 3 and 6 years from the municipality of Chiconcuac, Mexico were evaluated for symptoms of depression with the Preschool Depression Scale for Teachers (ESDM 3-6). Additionally, they were assessed for nutritional status and divided into three groups (low weight, normal weight, overweight/obesity), and their parents were asked to fill out a social demographic questionnaire. Malnutrition status OR = 2.702, 95% CI [1.771-4.145]; UW OR = 4.768, 95% CI [2.570-8.795] and OW/OB OR = 1.959, 95% CI [1.175-3.324]; poverty condition per se OR = 1.779, 95% CI [0.9911-2.630]; housing quality OR = 2.020, 95% CI [0.9606-2.659] and overcrowding = 1.619, 95% CI [0.8989-4.433] were associated to a greater risk for children to show depressive symptoms (DS). Access to healthcare was negatively related with the risk of presenting DS (OR = 0.660, 95% CI [0.3130 to 1.360]). Social and environmental factors such as malnutrition, home quality and overcrowding may increase the risk of presenting DS as soon as in preschool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betsabé Jiménez-Ceballos
- Clínica de Trastornos de Sueño, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Unidad Iztapalapa UAM-I, Av. San Rafael Atlixco 186, Leyes de Reforma 1ra Secc, Iztapalapa, Ciudad de Mexico 09340, Mexico
| | - Erick Martínez-Herrera
- Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón, Ciudad de Mexico 11340, Mexico
- Efficiency, Quality, and Costs in Health Services Research Group (EFISALUD), Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia Sur), SERGAS-UVIGO, 36213 Vigo, Spain
| | - María Esther Ocharan-Hernández
- Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón, Ciudad de Mexico 11340, Mexico
| | - Christian Guerra-Araiza
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Farmacología, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, IMSS, Ciudad de Mexico 06720, Mexico
| | - Eunice D Farfán García
- Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón, Ciudad de Mexico 11340, Mexico
| | - Uriel Emiliano Muñoz-Ramírez
- Non-Communicable Disease Research Group, Facultad Mexicana de Medicina, Universidad la Salle-México, las Fuentes 17, Tlalpan Centro I, Tlalpan, Mexico City 14000, Mexico
| | - Claudia Erika Fuentes-Venado
- Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón, Ciudad de Mexico 11340, Mexico
- Servicio de Medicina Física y Rehabilitación, Hospital General de Zona No 197 IMSS, Texcoco 56108, Mexico
| | - Rodolfo Pinto-Almazán
- Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón, Ciudad de Mexico 11340, Mexico
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Brossard-Racine M, Rampakakis E, Tardif CL, Gilbert G, White A, Luu TM, Gallagher A, Pinchefsky E, Montreuil T, Simard MN, Wintermark P. Long-term consequences of neonatal encephalopathy in the hypothermia era: protocol for a follow-up cohort study at 9 years of age. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e073063. [PMID: 37055215 PMCID: PMC10106079 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-073063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/15/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Therapeutic hypothermia (TH) became the standard of care treatment for neonates with moderate and severe neonatal encephalopathy (NE) in most industrialized countries about 10 years ago. Although TH is effective in reducing mortality and the incidence of severe developmental disabilities, the recent literature converges in reporting frequent cognitive and behavioural difficulties at school entry in children with NE-TH. Although these challenges are deemed minor compared with cerebral palsy and intellectual disability, their impacts on a child's self-determination and family's well-being are quite significant. Therefore, the nature and extent of these difficulties need to be comprehensively described so that appropriate care can be offered. METHODS AND ANALYSIS The current study will be the largest follow-up study of neonates with NE treated with TH to characterize their developmental outcomes and associated brain structural profiles at 9 years of age. Specifically, we will compare executive function, attention, social cognition, behaviour, anxiety, self-esteem, peer problems, brain volume, cortical features, white matter microstructure and myelination between children with NE-TH and matched peers without NE. Associations of perinatal risk factors and structural brain integrity with cognitive, behavioural and psycho-emotional deficits will be evaluated to inform about the potential aggravating and protective factors associated with function. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION This study is supported by the Canadian Institute of Health Research (202203PJT-480065-CHI-CFAC-168509), and received approval from the Pediatric Ethical Review Board of the McGill University Health Center (MP-37-2023-9320). The study findings will be disseminated in scientific journals and conferences and presented to parental associations and healthcare providers to inform best practices. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT05756296.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Brossard-Racine
- Department of Pediatrics, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- School of Physical and Occupational Therapy, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Angela White
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Thuy Mai Luu
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Anne Gallagher
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Elana Pinchefsky
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Tina Montreuil
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, McGill University Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Marie-Noelle Simard
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Pia Wintermark
- Department of Pediatrics, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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The role of the orbitofrontal cortex in exercise addiction and exercise motivation: A brain imaging study based on multimodal magnetic resonance imaging. J Affect Disord 2023; 325:240-247. [PMID: 36638963 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Excessive exercise may also lead to exercise addiction (EXA), which is harmful to people's physical and mental health. Behavioral and neuroimaging studies have demonstrated that addictive disorders are essentially motivational problems. However, little is known about the neuropsychological mechanism of EXA and the effects of motivation on EXA. METHODS We investigated 130 regularly exercised participants with EXA symptoms to explore the neurobiological basis of EXA and its association with motivation. The correlation between EXA and gray matter volume (GMV) was evaluated by whole-brain regression analysis based on voxel-based morphometry. Then, regional brain function was extracted and the relationship between brain structure-function-EXA was analyzed. Finally, mediation analysis was performed to further detect the relationship between the brain, motivation, and EXA. RESULTS Whole-brain correlation analyses showed that the GMV of the right orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) was negatively correlated with EXA. The function of the right OFC played an indirect role in EXA and affected EXA via the GMV of the OFC. Importantly, the GMV of the right OFC played a mediating role in the relationship between ability motivation and EXA. These results remain significant even when adjusting for sex, age, body mass index, family socioeconomic status, general intelligence, total intracranial volume, and head motion. LIMITATION The results should be interpreted carefully because only the people with EXA symptoms were included. CONCLUSION This study provided evidence for the underlying neuropsychological mechanism of the important role of the right OFC in EXA and revealed that there may be a decrease in executive control function in EXA.
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Lambert K. Wild brains: The value of neuroethological approaches in preclinical behavioral neuroscience animal models. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 146:105044. [PMID: 36641013 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
For three decades, IBNS has provided a forum for the dissemination of behavioral neuroscience research, broadly defined. Throughout this time, research presented at the annual meetings has reflected representative trends in the field with an emphasis on relevant preclinical animal models. From its inception, IBNS has contributed to my professional development and evolving research interests. Unsurprisingly, throughout the three decades of its existence, IBNS annual programs have reflected research trends that have been thoughtfully evaluated, challenged, and, in some cases, recalibrated. An emphasis in my lab, for example, has slowly navigated toward the inclusion of more diverse species (e.g., nonhuman primate models, wild rats, wild and captive raccoons) assessed in settings that reflect more ethological relevance than typically observed in traditional laboratory settings. Consequently, my research interests are pivoting from laboratory animal model exclusive (L.A.M.E.) endeavors to more natural, diverse, ethoexperimental approaches. As progress toward translational findings for psychiatric and neurological conditions is considered, it is recommended that researchers remain open to nontraditional methodological approaches that incorporate diverse animal models and assessments to inform laboratory-generated findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Lambert
- Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Richmond, USA.
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Vannucci A, Fields A, Hansen E, Katz A, Kerwin J, Tachida A, Martin N, Tottenham N. Interpersonal early adversity demonstrates dissimilarity from early socioeconomic disadvantage in the course of human brain development: A meta-analysis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.02.16.528877. [PMID: 36824818 PMCID: PMC9949158 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.16.528877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
Abstract
It has been established that early-life adversity impacts brain development, but the role of development itself has largely been ignored. We take a developmentally-sensitive approach to examine the neurodevelopmental sequelae of early adversity in a preregistered meta-analysis of 27,234 youth (birth to 18-years-old), providing the largest group of adversity-exposed youth to date. Findings demonstrate that early-life adversity does not have an ontogenetically uniform impact on brain volumes, but instead exhibits age-, experience-, and region-specific associations. Relative to non-exposed comparisons, interpersonal early adversity (e.g., family-based maltreatment) was associated with initially larger volumes in frontolimbic regions until ~10-years-old, after which these exposures were linked to increasingly smaller volumes. By contrast, socioeconomic disadvantage (e.g., poverty) was associated with smaller volumes in temporal-limbic regions in childhood, which were attenuated at older ages. These findings advance ongoing debates regarding why, when, and how early-life adversity shapes later neural outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Vannucci
- Columbia University, Department of Psychology, Developmental Affective Neuroscience Laboratory (409A Schermerhorn Hall), 1190 Amsterdam Avenue, MC 5501, New York, NY, USA 10027
| | - Andrea Fields
- Columbia University, Department of Psychology, Developmental Affective Neuroscience Laboratory (409A Schermerhorn Hall), 1190 Amsterdam Avenue, MC 5501, New York, NY, USA 10027
| | - Eleanor Hansen
- Columbia University, Department of Psychology, Developmental Affective Neuroscience Laboratory (409A Schermerhorn Hall), 1190 Amsterdam Avenue, MC 5501, New York, NY, USA 10027
| | - Ariel Katz
- Columbia University, Department of Psychology, Developmental Affective Neuroscience Laboratory (409A Schermerhorn Hall), 1190 Amsterdam Avenue, MC 5501, New York, NY, USA 10027
| | - John Kerwin
- Columbia University, Department of Psychology, Developmental Affective Neuroscience Laboratory (409A Schermerhorn Hall), 1190 Amsterdam Avenue, MC 5501, New York, NY, USA 10027
| | - Ayumi Tachida
- Columbia University, Department of Psychology, Developmental Affective Neuroscience Laboratory (409A Schermerhorn Hall), 1190 Amsterdam Avenue, MC 5501, New York, NY, USA 10027
| | - Nathan Martin
- Columbia University, Department of Psychology, Developmental Affective Neuroscience Laboratory (409A Schermerhorn Hall), 1190 Amsterdam Avenue, MC 5501, New York, NY, USA 10027
| | - Nim Tottenham
- Columbia University, Department of Psychology, Developmental Affective Neuroscience Laboratory (409A Schermerhorn Hall), 1190 Amsterdam Avenue, MC 5501, New York, NY, USA 10027
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Murtha K, Larsen B, Pines A, Parkes L, Moore TM, Adebimpe A, Bertolero M, Alexander-Bloch A, Calkins ME, Davila DG, Lindquist MA, Mackey AP, Roalf DR, Scott JC, Wolf DH, Gur RC, Gur RE, Barzilay R, Satterthwaite TD. Associations between neighborhood socioeconomic status, parental education, and executive system activation in youth. Cereb Cortex 2023; 33:1058-1073. [PMID: 35348659 PMCID: PMC9930626 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhac120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Socioeconomic status (SES) can impact cognitive performance, including working memory (WM). As executive systems that support WM undergo functional neurodevelopment during adolescence, environmental stressors at both individual and community levels may influence cognitive outcomes. Here, we sought to examine how SES at the neighborhood and family level impacts task-related activation of the executive system during adolescence and determine whether this effect mediates the relationship between SES and WM performance. To address these questions, we studied 1,150 youths (age 8-23) that completed a fractal n-back WM task during functional magnetic resonance imaging at 3T as part of the Philadelphia Neurodevelopmental Cohort. We found that both higher neighborhood SES and parental education were associated with greater activation of the executive system to WM load, including the bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, posterior parietal cortex, and precuneus. The association of neighborhood SES remained significant when controlling for task performance, or related factors like exposure to traumatic events. Furthermore, high-dimensional multivariate mediation analysis identified distinct patterns of brain activity within the executive system that significantly mediated the relationship between measures of SES and task performance. These findings underscore the importance of multilevel environmental factors in shaping executive system function and WM in youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Murtha
- Neurodevelopment and Psychosis Section, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Lifespan Brain Institute, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Perleman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Lifespan Informatics and Neuroimaging Center, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Bart Larsen
- Neurodevelopment and Psychosis Section, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Lifespan Brain Institute, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Perleman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Lifespan Informatics and Neuroimaging Center, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Adam Pines
- Neurodevelopment and Psychosis Section, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Lifespan Brain Institute, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Perleman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Lifespan Informatics and Neuroimaging Center, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Linden Parkes
- Neurodevelopment and Psychosis Section, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering & Applied Science, University of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Tyler M Moore
- Neurodevelopment and Psychosis Section, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Lifespan Brain Institute, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Perleman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Azeez Adebimpe
- Neurodevelopment and Psychosis Section, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Lifespan Brain Institute, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Perleman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Lifespan Informatics and Neuroimaging Center, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Maxwell Bertolero
- Neurodevelopment and Psychosis Section, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Lifespan Brain Institute, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Perleman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Lifespan Informatics and Neuroimaging Center, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Aaron Alexander-Bloch
- Neurodevelopment and Psychosis Section, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Lifespan Brain Institute, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Perleman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Monica E Calkins
- Neurodevelopment and Psychosis Section, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Lifespan Brain Institute, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Perleman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Diego G Davila
- Neurodevelopment and Psychosis Section, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Lifespan Brain Institute, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Perleman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Lifespan Informatics and Neuroimaging Center, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Martin A Lindquist
- Department of Biostatistics, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Allyson P Mackey
- Department of Psychology, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - David R Roalf
- Neurodevelopment and Psychosis Section, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Lifespan Brain Institute, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Perleman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - James C Scott
- Neurodevelopment and Psychosis Section, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Lifespan Brain Institute, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Perleman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Daniel H Wolf
- Neurodevelopment and Psychosis Section, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Lifespan Brain Institute, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Perleman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Ruben C Gur
- Neurodevelopment and Psychosis Section, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Lifespan Brain Institute, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Perleman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Raquel E Gur
- Neurodevelopment and Psychosis Section, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Lifespan Brain Institute, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Perleman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ran Barzilay
- Neurodevelopment and Psychosis Section, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Lifespan Brain Institute, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Perleman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Theodore D Satterthwaite
- Neurodevelopment and Psychosis Section, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Lifespan Brain Institute, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Perleman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Lifespan Informatics and Neuroimaging Center, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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Associations between cortical thickness and anxious/depressive symptoms differ by the quality of early care. Dev Psychopathol 2023; 35:73-84. [PMID: 35045914 PMCID: PMC9023591 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579421000845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A variety of childhood experiences can lead to anxious/depressed (A/D) symptoms. The aim of the present study was to explore the brain morphological (cortical thickness and surface area) correlates of A/D symptoms and the extent to which these phenotypes vary depending on the quality of the parenting context in which children develop. Structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans were acquired on 45 children with Child Protective Services (CPS) involvement due to risk of not receiving adequate care (high-risk group) and 25 children without CPS involvement (low-risk group) (rangeage = 8.08-12.14; Mage = 10.05) to assess cortical thickness (CT) and cortical surface area (SA). A/D symptoms were measured using the Child Behavioral Checklist. The association between A/D symptoms and CT, but not SA, differed by risk status such that high-risk children showed decreasing CT as A/D scores increased, whereas low-risk children showed increasing CT as A/D scores increased. This interaction was specific to CT in prefrontal, frontal, temporal, and parietal cortical regions. The groups had marginally different A/D scores, in the direction of higher risk being associated with lower A/D scores. Results suggest that CT correlates of A/D symptoms are differentially shaped by the quality of early caregiving experiences and should be distinguished between high- and low-risk children.
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DeCarli C, Pase M, Beiser A, Kojis D, Satizabal C, Himali J, Aparicio H, Flether E, Maillard P, Seshadri S. Secular Trends in Head Size and Cerebral Volumes In the Framingham Heart Study for Birth Years 1902-1985. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-2524684. [PMID: 36778357 PMCID: PMC9915799 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2524684/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Background Recent data suggest that dementia incidence is declining. We investigated whether similar secular trends consisting of increasing size of brain structures and improving memory performance could be simultaneously occurring as a possible explanation. Method The Framingham Heart Study is a 3 generation, longitudinal study that includes cognitive assessment and medical surveillance. This study cohort consisted of 4,506 unique, non-demented, stroke free, individuals with brain MRI, cognitive assessment, and demographic information spanning dates of birth from 1902 to 1985. Outcomes consisted of height, MRI, and memory measures. Covariates included age at MRI, sex, decade of birth, and all interactions. Models with neuropsychological outcomes also included educational achievement as a covariate. Results Height and intracranial (TCV), hippocampus and cortical gray matter volumes were significantly larger, and memory performance significantly better, with advancing decades of birth after adjusting for age, sex, and interactions. Sensitivity analysis using progressively restricted age-ranges to reduce the association between age and decade of birth, confirmed the findings. Mediation analysis showed that hippocampal volume mediated approximately 5-7% of the effect of decade of birth on logical memory performance. Discussion These findings indicate improvement in brain health and memory performance with advancing decades of birth. Although brain structures are under substantial genetic influence, we conclude that improved early life environmental influences over ensuing decades likely explain these results. We hypothesize that these secular improvements are consistent with declining dementia incidence in this cohort potentially through a mechanism of increased brain reserve.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alexa Beiser
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health
| | | | - Claudia Satizabal
- Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases and Department of Population Health Sciences, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX
| | - Jayandra Himali
- Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases and Department of Population Health Sciences, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
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Qiu Y, Ye P. The influence of family socio-economic status on learning engagement of college students majoring in preschool education: The mediating role of parental autonomy support and the moderating effect of psychological capital. Front Psychol 2023; 13:1081608. [PMID: 36698604 PMCID: PMC9868755 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1081608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To explore the relationship between family socio-economic status and learning engagement of college students majoring in preschool education, as well as the mediating role of parental autonomy support and the moderating role of psychological capital. Methods A sample of 986 college students majoring in preschool education from Guangdong Province and Jiangxi Province were investigated by family socio-economic status questionnaire, learning engagement questionnaire, parental autonomy support questionnaire and psychological capital questionnaire. Results First, there was a significant positive correlation between family socio-economic status and learning engagement (β = 0.09, p < 0.05). Second, parental autonomy support played a completely mediating role between family socio-economic status and learning engagement (β = 0.05, p < 0.01). Third, the relationship between parental autonomy support and learning engagement was moderated by psychological capital, and students with high psychological capital had higher learning engagement (β = 0.24, p < 0.001). Conclusion Family socio-economic status could directly affect learning engagement, and could also indirectly affect learning engagement through psychological capital level moderating parental autonomy support. Our findings highlight the importance of creating an autonomous supportive family environment and focusing on the learning of students from low socio-economic status. Meanwhile, stimulating students' psychological capital should be regarded as a part of education and teaching.
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Bezanson S, Nichols ES, Duerden EG. Postnatal maternal distress, infant subcortical brain macrostructure and emotional regulation. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2023; 328:111577. [PMID: 36512951 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2022.111577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maternal distress is associated with an increased risk for adverse emotional development in infants, including difficulties with emotion regulation. Prenatal maternal distress has been associated with alterations in infant brain development. However, less is known about these associations with postnatal maternal distress, despite this being an important modifiable risk factor that can promote healthy brain development and emotional outcomes in infants. METHODS & RESULTS Infants underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and mothers completed standardized questionnaires concerning their levels of perceived distress 2-5 months postpartum. Infant emotion regulation was assessed at 8-11 months via maternal report. When examining the associations between maternal distress and infant macrostructure, maternal anxiety was associated with infant right pallidum volumes. Increased display of negative emotions at 8-11 months of age was associated with smaller hippocampal volumes and this association was stronger in girls than boys. CONCLUSION Findings suggest that postnatal maternal distress may be associated with early infant brain development and emphasize the importance of maternal mental health, supporting previous work. Furthermore, macrostructural properties of infant subcortical structures may be further investigated as potential biomarkers to identify infants at risk of adverse emotional outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Bezanson
- Neuroscience Program, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Emily S Nichols
- Applied Psychology, Faculty of Education, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada; Western Institute for Neuroscience, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Emma G Duerden
- Neuroscience Program, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada; Applied Psychology, Faculty of Education, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada; Western Institute for Neuroscience, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada; Children's Health Research Institute, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.
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Valli I, De la Serna E, Segura AG, Pariente JC, Calvet-Mirabent A, Borras R, Ilzarbe D, Moreno D, Martín-Martínez N, Baeza I, Rosa-Justicia M, Garcia-Rizo C, Díaz-Caneja CM, Crossley NA, Young AH, Vieta E, Mas S, Castro-Fornieles J, Sugranyes G. Genetic and Structural Brain Correlates of Cognitive Subtypes Across Youth at Family Risk for Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2023; 62:74-83. [PMID: 35710081 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2022.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cognitive impairment is an important feature of schizophrenia (SZ) and bipolar disorder (BP) with severity across the two disorders characterized by significant heterogeneity. Youth at family risk for SZ and BP were clustered based on cognitive function and examined in terms of the clinical, genetic, and brain imaging correlates of cluster membership. METHOD One hundred sixty participants, 32 offspring of patients with SZ, 59 offspring of patients with BP and 69 offspring of healthy control parents underwent clinical and cognitive assessments, genotyping and structural MRI. K-means clustering was used to group family risk participants based on cognitive measures. Clusters were compared in terms of cortical and subcortical brain measures as well as polygenic risk scores. RESULTS Participants were grouped in 3 clusters with intact, intermediate, and impaired cognitive performance. The intermediate and impaired clusters had lower total brain surface area compared with the intact cluster, with prominent localization in frontal and temporal cortices. No between-cluster differences were identified in cortical thickness and subcortical brain volumes. The impaired cluster also had poorer psychosocial functioning and worse PRS-COG compared with the other 2 clusters and with offspring of healthy control parents, while there was no significant between-cluster difference in terms of PRS-SZ and PRS-BP. PRS-COG predicted psychosocial functioning, yet this effect did not appear to be mediated by an effect of PRS-COG on brain area. CONCLUSION Stratification based on cognition may help to elucidate the biological underpinnings of cognitive heterogeneity across SZ and BP risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Valli
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques Agustí Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King's College London.
| | - Elena De la Serna
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques Agustí Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Spain; Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clínic Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Jose C Pariente
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques Agustí Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Roger Borras
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques Agustí Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniel Ilzarbe
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques Agustí Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clínic Barcelona, Spain
| | - Dolores Moreno
- Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clínic Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, IiSGM, CIBERSAM, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nuria Martín-Martínez
- Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, IiSGM, CIBERSAM, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Baeza
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques Agustí Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Spain; Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clínic Barcelona, Spain; University of Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mireia Rosa-Justicia
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques Agustí Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Clemente Garcia-Rizo
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques Agustí Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Spain; Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clínic Barcelona, Spain
| | - Covadonga M Díaz-Caneja
- Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, IiSGM, CIBERSAM, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nicolas A Crossley
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King's College London; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Allan H Young
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King's College London; South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, Bethlem Royal Hospital, Kent, United Kingdom
| | - Eduard Vieta
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques Agustí Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Spain; Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clínic Barcelona, Spain; University of Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sergi Mas
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques Agustí Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Spain; University of Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josefina Castro-Fornieles
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques Agustí Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Spain; Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clínic Barcelona, Spain; University of Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gisela Sugranyes
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques Agustí Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Spain; Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clínic Barcelona, Spain; University of Barcelona, Spain
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Thomas MSC, Coecke S. Associations between Socioeconomic Status, Cognition, and Brain Structure: Evaluating Potential Causal Pathways Through Mechanistic Models of Development. Cogn Sci 2023; 47:e13217. [PMID: 36607218 DOI: 10.1111/cogs.13217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Differences in socioeconomic status (SES) correlate both with differences in cognitive development and in brain structure. Associations between SES and brain measures such as cortical surface area and cortical thickness mediate differences in cognitive skills such as executive function and language. However, causal accounts that link SES, brain, and behavior are challenging because SES is a multidimensional construct: correlated environmental factors, such as family income and parental education, are only distal markers for proximal causal pathways. Moreover, the causal accounts themselves must span multiple levels of description, employ a developmental perspective, and integrate genetic effects on individual differences. Nevertheless, causal accounts have the potential to inform policy and guide interventions to reduce gaps in developmental outcomes. In this article, we review the range of empirical data to be integrated in causal accounts of developmental effects on the brain and cognition associated with variation in SES. We take the specific example of language development and evaluate the potential of a multiscale computational model of development, based on an artificial neural network, to support the construction of causal accounts. We show how, with bridging assumptions that link properties of network structure to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measures of brain structure, different sets of empirical data on SES effects can be connected. We use the model to contrast two possible causal pathways for environmental influences that are associated with SES: differences in prenatal brain development and differences in postnatal cognitive stimulation. We then use the model to explore the implications of each pathway for the potential to intervene to reduce gaps in developmental outcomes. The model points to the cumulative effects of social disadvantage on multiple pathways as the source of the poorest response to interventions. Overall, we highlight the importance of implemented models to test competing accounts of environmental influences on individual differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael S C Thomas
- Developmental Neurocognition Laboratory, Department of Psychological Sciences, Birkbeck, University of London, 3 Quantinuum, UK.,Centre for Educational Neuroscience, Birkbeck, University of London
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Adise S, Marshall AT, Kan E, Sowell ER. Access to quality health resources and environmental toxins affect the relationship between brain structure and BMI in a sample of pre and early adolescents. Front Public Health 2022; 10:1061049. [PMID: 36589997 PMCID: PMC9797683 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1061049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Environmental resources are related to childhood obesity risk and altered brain development, but whether these relationships are stable or if they have sustained impact is unknown. Here, we utilized a multidimensional index of childhood neighborhood conditions to compare the influence of various social and environmental disparities (SED) on body mass index (BMI)-brain relationships over a 2-year period in early adolescence. Methods Data were gathered the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study® (n = 2,970, 49.8% female, 69.1% White, no siblings). Structure magnetic resonance imaging (sMRI), anthropometrics, and demographic information were collected at baseline (9/10-years-old) and the 2-year-follow-up (11/12-years-old). Region of interest (ROIs; 68 cortical, 18 subcortical) estimates of cortical thickness and subcortical volume were extracted from sMRI T1w images using the Desikan atlas. Residential addresses at baseline were used to obtain geocoded estimates of SEDs from 3 domains of childhood opportunity index (COI): healthy environment (COIHE), social/economic (COISE), and education (COIED). Nested, random-effects mixed models were conducted to evaluate relationships of BMI with (1) ROI * COI[domain] and (2) ROI * COI[domain] * Time. Models controlled for sex, race, ethnicity, puberty, and the other two COI domains of non-interest, allowing us to estimate the unique variance explained by each domain and its interaction with ROI and time. Results Youth living in areas with lower COISE and COIED scores were heavier at the 2-year follow-up than baseline and exhibited greater thinning in the bilateral occipital cortex between visits. Lower COISE scores corresponded with larger volume of the bilateral caudate and greater BMI at the 2-year follow-up. COIHE scores showed the greatest associations (n = 20 ROIs) with brain-BMI relationships: youth living in areas with lower COIHE had thinner cortices in prefrontal regions and larger volumes of the left pallidum and Ventral DC. Time did not moderate the COIHE x ROI interaction for any brain region during the examined 2-year period. Findings were independent of family income (i.e., income-to-needs). Conclusion Collectively our findings demonstrate that neighborhood SEDs for health-promoting resources play a particularly important role in moderating relationships between brain and BMI in early adolescence regardless of family-level financial resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shana Adise
- Division of Pediatric Research Administration, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Andrew T. Marshall
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Eric Kan
- Division of Pediatric Research Administration, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Elizabeth R. Sowell
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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Long DA, Waak M, Doherty NN, Dow BL. Brain-Directed Care: Why Neuroscience Principles Direct PICU Management beyond the ABCs. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 9:children9121938. [PMID: 36553381 PMCID: PMC9776953 DOI: 10.3390/children9121938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Major advances in pediatric intensive care (PICU) have led to increased child survival. However, the long-term outcomes among these children following PICU discharge are a concern. Most children admitted to PICU are under five years of age, and the stressors of critical illness and necessary interventions can affect their ability to meet crucial developmental milestones. Understanding the neuroscience of brain development and vulnerability can inform PICU clinicians of new ways to enhance and support the care of these most vulnerable children and families. This review paper first explores the evidence-based neuroscience principles of brain development and vulnerability and the impact of illness and care on children's brains and ultimately wellbeing. Implications for clinical practice and training are further discussed to help optimize brain health in children who are experiencing and surviving a critical illness or injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debbie A. Long
- School of Nursing, Centre for Healthcare Transformation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4059, Australia
- Paediatric Intensive Care Unit, Queensland Children’s Hospital, Brisbane, QLD 4101, Australia
- Centre for Children’s Health Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4101, Australia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-7-3138-3834
| | - Michaela Waak
- Paediatric Intensive Care Unit, Queensland Children’s Hospital, Brisbane, QLD 4101, Australia
- Centre for Children’s Health Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4101, Australia
| | - Nicola N. Doherty
- Regional Trauma Network, SPPG, DOH, Belfast BT2 8BS, Northern Ireland, UK
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Life and Health Sciences, Coleraine Campus, Ulster University, Coleraine BT52 1SA, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Belinda L. Dow
- School of Nursing, Centre for Healthcare Transformation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4059, Australia
- Centre for Children’s Health Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4101, Australia
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46
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Vargas TG, Mittal VA. The Critical Roles of Early Development, Stress, and Environment in the Course of Psychosis. ANNUAL REVIEW OF DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY 2022; 4:423-445. [PMID: 36712999 PMCID: PMC9879333 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-devpsych-121020-032354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Psychotic disorders are highly debilitating with poor prognoses and courses of chronic illness. In recent decades, conceptual models have shaped understanding, informed treatment, and guided research questions. However, these models have classically focused on the adolescent and early adulthood stages immediately preceding onset while conceptualizing early infancy through all of childhood as a unitary premorbid period. In addition, models have paid limited attention to differential effects of types of stress; contextual factors such as local, regional, and country-level characteristics or sociocultural contexts; and the timing of the stressor or environmental risk. This review discusses emerging research suggesting that (a) considering effects specific to neurodevelopmental stages prior to adolescence is highly informative, (b) understanding specific stressors and levels of environmental exposures (i.e., systemic or contextual features) is necessary, and (c) exploring the dynamic interplay between development, levels and types of stressors, and environments can shed new light, informing a specified neurodevelopmental and multifaceted diathesis-stress model.
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Affiliation(s)
- T G Vargas
- Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
| | - V A Mittal
- Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
- Departments of Psychiatry and Medical Social Sciences, Institute for Innovations in Developmental Sciences, and Institute for Policy Research, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
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47
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Hastings PD, Guyer AE, Parra LA. Conceptualizing the Influence of Social and Structural Determinants of Neurobiology and Mental Health: Why and How Biological Psychiatry Can Do Better at Addressing the Consequences of Inequity. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY. COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2022; 7:1215-1224. [PMID: 35718087 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2022.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Psychiatry and allied disciplines have recognized the potency of structural and social determinants of mental health, yet there has been scant attention given to the roles of neurobiology in the links between structural and social determinants and mental health. In this article, we make the case for why greater attention must be given to structural and social determinants of biological psychiatry by researchers, practitioners, and policy-makers. After defining these terms and theoretical frameworks for considering their relevance in biological psychiatry, we review empirical research with marginalized and minoritized racial, ethnic, gender, sexual, and economic communities that reveals the ways in which structural and social determinants affect neurobiological functioning with implications for mental health. We give particular emphasis to developmental science and developmentally informed research, because structural and social determinants influence neurobiological adaptation and maturation across the lifespan. We conclude with recommendations for advancing research, practice, and policy that connect biological psychiatry with structural and social determinants of health. Foremost among these is diversifying the ranks of biological psychiatry, from classrooms through laboratories, hospitals, and community health centers. Transforming and advancing the understanding of the structural and social determinants of neurobiology and mental health is most likely to come through transforming the discipline itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul D Hastings
- Department of Psychology, University of California Davis, Davis, California; Center for Mind and Brain, University of California Davis, Davis, California.
| | - Amanda E Guyer
- Center for Mind and Brain, University of California Davis, Davis, California; Department of Human Ecology, University of California Davis, Davis, California
| | - Luis A Parra
- School of Nursing, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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Turesky TK, Sanfilippo J, Zuk J, Ahtam B, Gagoski B, Lee A, Garrisi K, Dunstan J, Carruthers C, Vanderauwera J, Yu X, Gaab N. Home language and literacy environment and its relationship to socioeconomic status and white matter structure in infancy. Brain Struct Funct 2022; 227:2633-2645. [PMID: 36076111 PMCID: PMC9922094 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-022-02560-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The home language and literacy environment (HLLE) in infancy has been associated with subsequent pre-literacy skill development and HLLE at preschool-age has been shown to correlate with white matter organization in tracts that subserve pre-reading and reading skills. Furthermore, childhood socioeconomic status (SES) has been linked with both HLLE and white matter organization. It is important to understand whether the relationships between environmental factors such as HLLE and SES and white matter organization can be detected as early as infancy, as this period is characterized by rapid brain development that may make white matter pathways particularly susceptible to these early experiences. Here, we hypothesized that HLLE (1) relates to white matter organization in pre-reading and reading-related tracts in infants, and (2) mediates a link between SES and white matter organization. To test these hypotheses, infants (mean age: 8.6 ± 2.3 months, N = 38) underwent diffusion-weighted imaging MRI during natural sleep. Image processing was performed with an infant-specific pipeline and fractional anisotropy (FA) was estimated from the arcuate fasciculus (AF) and superior longitudinal fasciculus (SLF) bilaterally using the baby automated fiber quantification method. HLLE was measured with the Reading subscale of the StimQ (StimQ-Reading) and SES was measured with years of maternal education. Self-reported maternal reading ability was also quantified and applied to our statistical models as a proxy for confounding genetic effects. StimQ-Reading positively correlated with FA in left AF and to maternal education, but did not mediate the relationship between them. Taken together, these findings underscore the importance of considering HLLE from the start of life and may inform novel prevention and intervention strategies to support developing infants during a period of heightened brain plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ted K Turesky
- Harvard Graduate School of Education, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Joseph Sanfilippo
- Laboratories of Cognitive Neuroscience, Division of Developmental Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- School of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | | | - Banu Ahtam
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Fetal-Neonatal Neuroimaging & Developmental Science Center, Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Borjan Gagoski
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Fetal-Neonatal Neuroimaging & Developmental Science Center, Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ally Lee
- Harvard Graduate School of Education, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Laboratories of Cognitive Neuroscience, Division of Developmental Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kathryn Garrisi
- Harvard Graduate School of Education, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Laboratories of Cognitive Neuroscience, Division of Developmental Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jade Dunstan
- Laboratories of Cognitive Neuroscience, Division of Developmental Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Clarisa Carruthers
- Laboratories of Cognitive Neuroscience, Division of Developmental Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jolijn Vanderauwera
- Psychological Sciences Research Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
- Institute of Neuroscience, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Xi Yu
- Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Nadine Gaab
- Harvard Graduate School of Education, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Gajardo-Araya G, Hernández-Jaña S, Olivares-Arancibia J, Ferrari G, Delgado-Floody P, Cristi-Montero C. Physical fitness mediates the inverse association between fatness indicators and academic achievement, despite the school vulnerability of adolescents—The Cogni-Action Project. Front Nutr 2022; 9:904831. [PMID: 36386944 PMCID: PMC9643798 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.904831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aims to determine the mediating role of physical fitness in the relationship between fatness indicators and academic achievement, exploring the influence of school vulnerability. Methods A total of 1,296 Chilean adolescents (aged 10 to 14 years; 50% girls) participated in this study. The global fitness score (GFS) was obtained by adding the three main components of the ALPHA fitness test: cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), muscular fitness (MF), and speed/agility fitness (SAF). CRF was evaluated through the 20 m shuttle run test; MF by upper and lower limb strength tests; and SAF by the 4 × 10 shuttle run test. BMIz and WHtR were evaluated as general (unspecific) and central (specific) fatness indicators. Academic achievement was established through grades in math, language, and science and their average scores. Multiple mediation analyses were performed according to two models, adjusted for sex, maturity, and schools (model 1), and in model 2, the school vulnerability index (SVI) was added. The SVI is an important proxy of socioeconomic status at the school level, and it was categorized as high-, mid-, or low-SVI. Mediation percentages were calculated, and confidence intervals (bootstrapping) were used to establish significant findings. Results CRF, SAF, and GFS mediate the relationship between fatness indicators and academic achievement, both partially and totally (ranging from 12.7 to 59.2%). However, MF did not show any mediation effect. After controlling for SVI, CRF, and GFS, mediation changed from partial to total in the associations between math and science with WHtR. Although SAF contributed to GFS mediation, CRF seems to have the most significant mediation role for all academic achievements, regardless of SVI and the fat indicator studied. Conclusion A higher level of general physical fitness, especially CRF, significantly mediates the detrimental influence of fatness on the academic achievement of schoolchildren. This study suggests that physical fitness plays a relevant role in academic and public health, considering the high prevalence and detrimental influence of obesity and school vulnerability in children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Gajardo-Araya
- Magíster en Educación, Mención Política y Gestión Educativa, Facultad de Filosofía y Humanidades, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
- IRyS Group, Physical Education School, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Sam Hernández-Jaña
- IRyS Group, Physical Education School, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Jorge Olivares-Arancibia
- IRyS Group, Physical Education School, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
- Grupo AFySE, Investigación en Actividad Física y Salud Escolar, Escuela de Pedagogía en Educación Física, Facultad de Educación, Universidad de Las Américas, Santiago, Chile
| | - Gerson Ferrari
- Escuela de Ciencias de la Actividad Física, el Deporte y la Salud, Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Santiago, Chile
| | - Pedro Delgado-Floody
- Department of Physical Education, Sport, and Recreation, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Carlos Cristi-Montero
- IRyS Group, Physical Education School, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
- *Correspondence: Carlos Cristi-Montero,
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50
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Hennessy A, Seguin D, Correa S, Wang J, Martinez-Trujillo JC, Nicolson R, Duerden EG. Anxiety in children and youth with autism spectrum disorder and the association with amygdala subnuclei structure. AUTISM : THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND PRACTICE 2022; 27:1053-1067. [PMID: 36278283 PMCID: PMC10108338 DOI: 10.1177/13623613221127512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is clinically characterized by social and communication difficulties as well as repetitive behaviors. Many children with ASD also suffer from anxiety, which has been associated with alterations in amygdala structure. In this work, the association between amygdala subnuclei volumes and anxiety was assessed in a cohort of 234 participants (mean age = 11.0 years, SD = 3.9, 95 children with ASD, 139 children were non-autistic). Children underwent magnetic resonance imaging. Amygdala subnuclei volumes were extracted automatically. Anxiety was assessed using the Screen for Child Anxiety Related Disorders, the Child Behavior Checklist, and the Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire. Children with ASD had higher anxiety scores relative to non-autistic children on all anxiety measures (all, p < 0.05). Anxiety levels were significantly predicted in children with ASD by right basal (right: B = 0.235, p = 0.002) and paralaminar (PL) (B = −0.99, p = 0.009) volumes. Basal nuclei receive multisensory information from cortical and subcortical areas and have extensive projections within the limbic system while the PL nuclei are involved in emotional processing. Alterations in basal and PL nuclei in children with ASD and the association with anxiety may reflect morphological changes related to in the neurocircuitry of anxiety in ASD. Lay abstract Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is clinically characterized by social communication difficulties as well as restricted and repetitive patterns of behavior. In addition, children with ASD are more likely to experience anxiety compared with their peers who do not have ASD. Recent studies suggest that atypical amygdala structure, a brain region involved in emotions, may be related to anxiety in children with ASD. However, the amygdala is a complex structure composed of heterogeneous subnuclei, and few studies to date have focused on how amygdala subnuclei relate to in anxiety in this population. The current sample consisted of 95 children with ASD and 139 non-autistic children, who underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and assessments for anxiety. The amygdala volumes were automatically segmented. Results indicated that children with ASD had elevated anxiety scores relative to peers without ASD. Larger basal volumes predicted greater anxiety in children with ASD, and this association was not seen in non-autistic children. Findings converge with previous literature suggesting ASD children suffer from higher levels of anxiety than non-autistic children, which may have important implications in treatment and interventions. Our results suggest that volumetric estimation of amygdala’s subregions in MRI may reveal specific anxiety-related associations in children with ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Emma G Duerden
- Western University, Canada
- The University of Western Ontario, Canada
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