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Yan S, Zhan M, Liu Z, Zhang X. Insight into the transcriptional regulation of key genes involved in proline metabolism in plants under osmotic stress. Biochimie 2024:S0300-9084(24)00192-5. [PMID: 39121900 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2024.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 06/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
Proline biosynthesis and catabolism pathways are executed by powerful action of specific enzymes that are subjected to environmental fluctuations at the transcriptional level. Previous researches have demonstrated that osmotic stress-induced upstream events can affect the expression of proline metabolism-related genes, which results in adjustable free proline accumulation to protect plant cells from severe damage. Here, we mainly describe the mechanisms for how some key factors, such as transcription factors, ABA (abscisic acid), Ca2+, MAPK cascades, CK (cytokinin) and phospholipase, in a phosphorylated manner, vividly function in the transcriptional regulation of proline metabolism under osmotic stress. These mechanisms reveal that sustaining of proline homeostasis is an efficient way for plants to adapt to osmotic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengjie Yan
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China.
| | - Meng Zhan
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Zhi Liu
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Xianwen Zhang
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China.
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2
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Renzetti M, Bertolini E, Trovato M. Proline Metabolism Genes in Transgenic Plants: Meta-Analysis under Drought and Salt Stress. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1913. [PMID: 39065440 PMCID: PMC11280441 DOI: 10.3390/plants13141913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2024] [Revised: 06/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
The amino acid proline accumulates in plants during abiotic stresses such as drought and salinity and is considered a reliable marker of environmental stress. While its accumulation is well established, its precise role in stress tolerance and its underlying molecular mechanism remain less clear. To address these issues, we performed a meta-analysis-a robust statistical technique that synthesizes results from multiple independent studies while accounting for experimental differences. We focused on 16 physiological and morphological parameters affected by drought and salt stress in transgenic plants expressing proline metabolic genes. For each parameter, we calculated the effect size as the response ratio (RR), which represents the logarithm of the mean value in the transgenic group over the mean value of the control group (lnRR). Under stress, most parameters exhibited significantly higher response ratios in the transgenic group, confirming the beneficial effects of proline during drought and salt stress. Surprisingly, under non-stressed conditions, most stress markers showed no significant differences between transgenic and non-transgenic plants, despite elevated proline levels in the former. These results suggest that the benefits of proline may be related to proline catabolism or may only become apparent during stress, possibly due to interactions with reactive oxygen species (ROS), which accumulate predominantly under stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Renzetti
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Elisa Bertolini
- Biocomputing Group, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Bologna University, 40126 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Maurizio Trovato
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy;
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3
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Lucius S, Hagemann M. The primary carbon metabolism in cyanobacteria and its regulation. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1417680. [PMID: 39036361 PMCID: PMC11257934 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1417680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Cyanobacteria are the only prokaryotes capable of performing oxygenic photosynthesis. Many cyanobacterial strains can live in different trophic modes, ranging from photoautotrophic and heterotrophic to mixotrophic growth. However, the regulatory mechanisms allowing a flexible switch between these lifestyles are poorly understood. As anabolic fixation of CO2 in the Calvin-Benson-Bassham (CBB) cycle and catabolic sugar-degradation pathways share intermediates and enzymatic capacity, a tight regulatory network is required to enable simultaneous opposed metabolic fluxes. The Entner-Doudoroff (ED) pathway was recently predicted as one glycolytic route, which cooperates with other pathways in glycogen breakdown. Despite low carbon flux through the ED pathway, metabolite analyses of mutants deficient in the ED pathway revealed a distinct phenotype pointing at a strong regulatory impact of this route. The small Cp12 protein downregulates the CBB cycle in darkness by inhibiting phosphoribulokinase and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase. New results of metabolomic and redox level analyses on strains with Cp12 variants extend the known role of Cp12 regulation towards the acclimation to external glucose supply under diurnal conditions as well as to fluctuations in CO2 levels in the light. Moreover, carbon and nitrogen metabolism are closely linked to maintain an essential C/N homeostasis. The small protein PirC was shown to be an important regulator of phosphoglycerate mutase, which identified this enzyme as central branching point for carbon allocation from CBB cycle towards lower glycolysis. Altered metabolite levels in the mutant ΔpirC during nitrogen starvation experiments confirm this regulatory mechanism. The elucidation of novel mechanisms regulating carbon allocation at crucial metabolic branching points could identify ways for targeted redirection of carbon flow towards desired compounds, and thus help to further establish cyanobacteria as green cell factories for biotechnological applications with concurrent utilization of sunlight and CO2.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Martin Hagemann
- Department Plant Physiology, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
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Gelaw TA, Sanan-Mishra N. Molecular priming with H 2O 2 and proline triggers antioxidant enzyme signals in maize seedlings during drought stress. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2024; 1868:130633. [PMID: 38762030 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2024.130633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Drought and water stress impose major limitations to crops, including Maize, as they affect the plant biology at multiple levels. Drought activates the cellular signalling machinery to maintain the osmotic and ROS homeostasis for controlling plant response and adaptation to stress. Molecular priming of seeds plays a significant role in imparting stress tolerance by helping plants to remember the stress, which improves their response when they encounter stress again. METHODS In this study, we examined the effect of priming maize seeds with H2O2 and proline, individually or in combination, on response to drought stress. We investigated the role of molecular priming on the physiological, biochemical and molecular response of maize seedlings during drought stress. RESULTS We observed that seed-priming played a significant role in mediating stress tolerance of seedlings under drought stress as indicated by changes in growth, biochemical properties, pigment and osmolyte accumulation, antioxidant enzyme activities, gas exchange parameters and gene expression. Seed-priming resulted in reduced expression of specific miRNAs to increase target transcripts associated with synthesis of osmolytes and maintenance of ROS homeostasis for reducing potential damage to the cellular components. CONCLUSIONS Seed-priming induced changes in the growth, biochemical properties, pigment and osmolyte accumulation, antioxidant enzyme activities, gas exchange parameters and gene expression, though the response was dependent on the genotype, as well as concentration and combination of the priming agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Temesgen Assefa Gelaw
- Plant RNAi Biology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, 110067 New Delhi, India; Department of Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Natural Resource Sciences, Debre Birhan University, 445 Debre Birhan, Ethiopia
| | - Neeti Sanan-Mishra
- Plant RNAi Biology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, 110067 New Delhi, India.
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Sellamuthu G, Tarafdar A, Jasrotia RS, Chaudhary M, Vishwakarma H, Padaria JC. Introgression of Δ 1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase (PgP5CS) confers enhanced resistance to abiotic stresses in transgenic tobacco. Transgenic Res 2024; 33:131-147. [PMID: 38739244 DOI: 10.1007/s11248-024-00385-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Δ1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase (P5CS) is one of the key regulatory enzymes involved in the proline biosynthetic pathway. Proline acts as an osmoprotectant, molecular chaperone, antioxidant, and regulator of redox homeostasis. The accumulation of proline during stress is believed to confer tolerance in plants. In this study, we cloned the complete CDS of the P5CS from pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R.Br. and transformed into tobacco. Three transgenic tobacco plants with single-copy insertion were analyzed for drought and heat stress tolerance. No difference was observed between transgenic and wild-type (WT) plants when both were grown in normal conditions. However, under heat and drought, transgenic plants have been found to have higher chlorophyll, relative water, and proline content, and lower malondialdehyde (MDA) levels than WT plants. The photosynthetic parameters (stomatal conductance, intracellular CO2 concentration, and transpiration rate) were also observed to be high in transgenic plants under abiotic stress conditions. qRT-PCR analysis revealed that the expression of the transgene in drought and heat conditions was 2-10 and 2-7.5 fold higher than in normal conditions, respectively. Surprisingly, only P5CS was increased under heat stress conditions, indicating the possibility of feedback inhibition. Our results demonstrate the positive role of PgP5CS in enhancing abiotic stress tolerance in tobacco, suggesting its possible use to increase abiotic stress-tolerance in crops for sustained yield under adverse climatic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gothandapani Sellamuthu
- National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, 110012, India
- Forest Molecular Entomology Laboratory, Excellent Team for Mitigation (ETM), Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Avijit Tarafdar
- National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, 110012, India
- International Crops Research Institute for Semi-Arid Tropics, Patancheruvu, India
| | - Rahul Singh Jasrotia
- National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, 110012, India
- Florida State University, Tallahassee, USA
| | - Minakshi Chaudhary
- National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Harinder Vishwakarma
- National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Jasdeep C Padaria
- National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, 110012, India.
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Lodovici A, Buoso S, Miras-Moreno B, Lucini L, Garcia-Perez P, Tomasi N, Pinton R, Zanin L. Peculiarity of the early metabolomic response in tomato after urea, ammonium or nitrate supply. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 211:108666. [PMID: 38723490 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) is the nutrient most applied in agriculture as fertilizer (as nitrate, Nit; ammonium, A; and/or urea, U, forms) and its availability strongly constrains the crop growth and yield. To investigate the early response (24 h) of N-deficient tomato plants to these three N forms, a physiological and molecular study was performed. In comparison to N-deficient plants, significant changes in the transcriptional, metabolomic and ionomic profiles were observed. As a probable consequence of N mobility in plants, a wide metabolic modulation occurred in old leaves rather than in young leaves. The metabolic profile of U and A-treated plants was more similar than Nit-treated plant profile, which in turn presented the lowest metabolic modulation with respect to N-deficient condition. Urea and A forms induced some changes at the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, amino acids and phytohormones. Interestingly, a specific up-regulation by U and down-regulation by A of carbon synthesis occurred in roots. Along with the gene expression, data suggest that the specific N form influences the activation of metabolic pathways for its assimilation (cytosolic GS/AS and/or plastidial GS/GOGAT cycle). Urea induced an up-concentration of Cu and Mn in leaves and Zn in whole plant. This study highlights a metabolic reprogramming depending on the N form applied, and it also provide evidence of a direct relationship between urea nutrition and Zn concentration. The understanding of the metabolic pathways activated by the different N forms represents a milestone in improving the efficiency of urea fertilization in crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Lodovici
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, Via delle Scienze 206 - 33100, Udine, Italy.
| | - Sara Buoso
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, Via delle Scienze 206 - 33100, Udine, Italy.
| | - Begoña Miras-Moreno
- Department for Sustainable Food Process, Research Centre for Nutrigenomics and Proteomics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy.
| | - Luigi Lucini
- Department for Sustainable Food Process, Research Centre for Nutrigenomics and Proteomics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy.
| | - Pascual Garcia-Perez
- Department for Sustainable Food Process, Research Centre for Nutrigenomics and Proteomics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy.
| | - Nicola Tomasi
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, Via delle Scienze 206 - 33100, Udine, Italy.
| | - Roberto Pinton
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, Via delle Scienze 206 - 33100, Udine, Italy.
| | - Laura Zanin
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, Via delle Scienze 206 - 33100, Udine, Italy.
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Wang C, Lei J, Jin X, Chai S, Jiao C, Yang X, Wang L. A Sweet Potato MYB Transcription Factor IbMYB330 Enhances Tolerance to Drought and Salt Stress in Transgenic Tobacco. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:693. [PMID: 38927629 PMCID: PMC11202548 DOI: 10.3390/genes15060693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
MYB transcription factors (TFs) play vital roles in plant growth, development, and response to adversity. Although the MYB gene family has been studied in many plant species, there is still little known about the function of R2R3 MYB TFs in sweet potato in response to abiotic stresses. In this study, an R2R3 MYB gene, IbMYB330 was isolated from sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas). IbMYB330 was ectopically expressed in tobacco and the functional characterization was performed by overexpression in transgenic plants. The IbMYB330 protein has a 268 amino acid sequence and contains two highly conserved MYB domains. The molecular weight and isoelectric point of IbMYB330 are 29.24 kD and 9.12, respectively. The expression of IbMYB330 in sweet potato is tissue-specific, and levels in the root were significantly higher than that in the leaf and stem. It showed that the expression of IbMYB330 was strongly induced by PEG-6000, NaCl, and H2O2. Ectopic expression of IbMYB330 led to increased transcript levels of stress-related genes such as SOD, POD, APX, and P5CS. Moreover, compared to the wild-type (WT), transgenic tobacco overexpression of IbMYB330 enhanced the tolerance to drought and salt stress treatment as CAT activity, POD activity, proline content, and protein content in transgenic tobacco had increased, while MDA content had decreased. Taken together, our study demonstrated that IbMYB330 plays a role in enhancing the resistance of sweet potato to stresses. These findings lay the groundwork for future research on the R2R3-MYB genes of sweet potato and indicates that IbMYB330 may be a candidate gene for improving abiotic stress tolerance in crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Wang
- Institute of Food Crops, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Crop Germplasm and Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430064, China; (C.W.); (J.L.); (X.J.); (S.C.); (C.J.)
- Crop Institute of Jiangxi Academy Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang 330200, China
| | - Jian Lei
- Institute of Food Crops, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Crop Germplasm and Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430064, China; (C.W.); (J.L.); (X.J.); (S.C.); (C.J.)
| | - Xiaojie Jin
- Institute of Food Crops, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Crop Germplasm and Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430064, China; (C.W.); (J.L.); (X.J.); (S.C.); (C.J.)
| | - Shasha Chai
- Institute of Food Crops, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Crop Germplasm and Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430064, China; (C.W.); (J.L.); (X.J.); (S.C.); (C.J.)
| | - Chunhai Jiao
- Institute of Food Crops, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Crop Germplasm and Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430064, China; (C.W.); (J.L.); (X.J.); (S.C.); (C.J.)
| | - Xinsun Yang
- Institute of Food Crops, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Crop Germplasm and Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430064, China; (C.W.); (J.L.); (X.J.); (S.C.); (C.J.)
- College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Lianjun Wang
- Institute of Food Crops, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Crop Germplasm and Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430064, China; (C.W.); (J.L.); (X.J.); (S.C.); (C.J.)
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Permana BH, Thiravetyan P, Treesubsuntorn C. Exogenous of different elicitors: proline and ornithine on Sansevieria trifasciata under particulate matter (PM) and volatile organic compounds (VOC). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:34028-34037. [PMID: 38693456 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33513-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Phytoremediation has become famous for removing particulate matter (PM) and volatile organic compounds (VOC) in situ. Plants for removing PM and VOC were associated with botanical biofilters to attract pollution to the plant. On the other hand, persistent pollution exposure can lower plant health and phytoremediation effectiveness; therefore, improving plant tolerance against stress is necessary. Various elicitors can enhance plant tolerance to certain stressors. This study aims to investigate different elicitors to maintain plant health and improve the use of plants in phytoremediation for PM and VOC pollution. This experiment used Sansevieria trifasciata hort. ex Prain under PM and VOC stress. Exogenous elicitors, such as proline, ornithine, and a commercial product, were applied to the leaf parts before exposure to PM and VOC stress. The initial concentrations of PM1, PM2.5, and PM10 were 300-350, 350-450, and 400-500 µg m-3, respectively, while the VOC concentration was 2.5-3.0 mg m-3. The plant was stressed for 7 days. The result indicated that ornithine 10 mM is vital in improving plant tolerance and inducing antioxidant enzymes against PM and VOC, while proline 50 mM and a commercial product could not reduce plant stress. This study suggests that ornithine might be an important metabolite to improve plant tolerance to PM and VOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bayu Hadi Permana
- School of Bioresources and Technology, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, 10150, Thailand
| | - Paitip Thiravetyan
- School of Bioresources and Technology, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, 10150, Thailand
| | - Chairat Treesubsuntorn
- School of Bioresources and Technology, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, 10150, Thailand.
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Karapetyan H, Marutyan S, Muradyan A, Badalyan H, Marutyan SV, Trchounian K. Changes in ATPase activity, antioxidant enzymes and proline biosynthesis in yeast Candida guilliermondii NP-4 under X-irradiation. J Bioenerg Biomembr 2024; 56:141-148. [PMID: 38308068 DOI: 10.1007/s10863-024-10003-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
This study investigates the effects of X-radiation on ATPase activity and antioxidant enzyme activity, particularly enzymes involved in proline biosynthesis, in yeast C. guilliermondii NP-4. Moreover, the study examined the post-irradiation repair processes in these cells. Results showed that X-irradiation at a dose of 300 Gy led to an increase in catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, as well as, an increase in the CAT/SOD ratio in C. guilliermondii NP-4. The repair of radiation-induced damage requires a substantial amount of energy, resulting in an increased demand for ATP in the irradiated and repaired yeasts. Consequently, the total and FoF1-ATPase activity in yeast homogenates and mitochondria increased after X-irradiation and post-irradiation repair. It was showed an increase in the activity of proline biosynthesis enzymes (ornithine transaminase and proline-5-carboxylate reductase) in X-irradiated C. guilliermondii NP-4, which remained elevated even after post-irradiation repair. As a result, the proline levels in X-irradiated and repaired yeasts were higher than those in non-irradiated cells. These findings suggest that proline may have a radioprotective effect on X-irradiated C. guilliermondii NP-4 yeasts. Taken together this study provides insights into the effects of X-radiation on ATPase activity, antioxidant enzyme activity, and proline biosynthesis in C. guilliermondii NP-4 yeast cells, highlighting the potential radioprotective properties of proline in X-irradiated yeasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasmik Karapetyan
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Biotechnology, Yerevan State University, 1 A. Manoogian, Yerevan, 0025, Armenia
- Research Institute of Biology, Yerevan State University, 1 A. Manoogian, Yerevan, 0025, Armenia
| | - Syuzan Marutyan
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Biotechnology, Yerevan State University, 1 A. Manoogian, Yerevan, 0025, Armenia
- Research Institute of Biology, Yerevan State University, 1 A. Manoogian, Yerevan, 0025, Armenia
| | - Anna Muradyan
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Biotechnology, Yerevan State University, 1 A. Manoogian, Yerevan, 0025, Armenia
| | - Hamlet Badalyan
- Department of General Physics and Astrophysics, Yerevan State University, 1 A. Manoogian, Yerevan, 0025, Armenia
| | - Seda V Marutyan
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Biotechnology, Yerevan State University, 1 A. Manoogian, Yerevan, 0025, Armenia.
| | - Karen Trchounian
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Biotechnology, Yerevan State University, 1 A. Manoogian, Yerevan, 0025, Armenia.
- Research Institute of Biology, Yerevan State University, 1 A. Manoogian, Yerevan, 0025, Armenia.
- Microbial Biotechnologies and Biofuel Innovation Center, Yerevan State University, 1 A. Manoogian, Yerevan, 0025, Armenia.
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10
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Manasathien J, Khanema P. Assessment of salt tolerance in phytodesalination candidates: Two varieties of Fimbristylis-F. ferruginea and F. tenuicula. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY 2024; 53:274-286. [PMID: 38327139 DOI: 10.1002/jeq2.20544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Phytodesalination, an environmentally sustainable solution for saline soil challenges, involves identifying salt-tolerant plants. This study meticulously examined Fimbristylis ferruginea and Fimbristylis tenuicula near the underground salt dome in Khon Kaen, Thailand, revealing unique physicochemical soil properties, morphology, metabolomic responses, and ionic sequestration mechanisms. Despite F. ferruginea's lower ECe (21.79 vs. 41.46 dS m-1 for F. tenuicula), it excelled in sodium sequestration (504.42 g kg DW-1 vs. 246.32 g kg DW-1 ). Fimbristylis ferruginea's roots efficiently locked sodium, facilitated by cyanidin, pelargonidin, and proline-compatible solutes crucial under salinity stress. Conversely, F. tenuicula, within the same genus and environment, responded to salinity stress by elongating roots and stems, enhancing salt storage, and increasing chlorophyll a content. Bioconcentration factor and translocation factor calculations designated F. ferruginea for phytostabilization and F. tenuicula for phytoextraction. This research emphasizes the assessment of salt tolerance in two Fimbristylis species, serving as natural salt reservoirs with low-cost implications. Remarkably, F. ferruginea dominated, storing up to 50% sodium in its biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinnawat Manasathien
- Program of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima Rajabhat University, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
| | - Piyanut Khanema
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham, Thailand
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Bayramova E, Petrova D, Marchenkov A, Morozov A, Galachyants Y, Zakharova Y, Bedoshvili Y, Likhoshway Y. Differential Expression of Stress Adaptation Genes in a Diatom Ulnaria acus under Different Culture Conditions. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2314. [PMID: 38396992 PMCID: PMC10888605 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Diatoms are a group of unicellular eukaryotes that are essential primary producers in aquatic ecosystems. The dynamic nature of their habitat necessitates a quick and specific response to various stresses. However, the molecular mechanisms of their physiological adaptations are still underexplored. In this work, we study the response of the cosmopolitan freshwater diatom Ulnaria acus (Bacillariophyceae, Fragilariophycidae, Licmophorales, Ulnariaceae, Ulnaria) in relation to a range of stress factors, namely silica deficiency, prolonged cultivation, and interaction with an algicidal bacterium. Fluorescent staining and light microscopy were used to determine the physiological state of cells under these stresses. To explore molecular reactions, we studied the genes involved in the stress response-type III metacaspase (MC), metacaspase-like proteases (MCP), death-specific protein (DSP), delta-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogenase (ALDH12), and glutathione synthetase (GSHS). We have described the structure of these genes, analyzed the predicted amino acid sequences, and measured their expression dynamics in vitro using qRT-PCR. We demonstrated that the expression of UaMC1, UaMC3, and UaDSP increased during the first five days of silicon starvation. On the seventh day, it was replaced with the expression of UaMC2, UaGSHS, and UaALDH. After 45 days of culture, cells stopped growing, and the expression of UaMC1, UaMC2, UaGSHS, and UaDSP increased. Exposure to an algicidal bacterial filtrate induced a higher expression of UaMC1 and UaGSHS. Thus, we can conclude that these proteins are involved in diatoms' adaptions to environmental changes. Further, these data show that the molecular adaptation mechanisms in diatoms depend on the nature and exposure duration of a stress factor.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Yekaterina Bedoshvili
- Limnological Institute, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 664033 Irkutsk, Russia; (E.B.); (D.P.); (A.M.); (A.M.); (Y.G.); (Y.Z.); (Y.L.)
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12
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Vougeleka V, Risoli S, Saitanis C, Agathokleous E, Ntatsi G, Lorenzini G, Nali C, Pellegrini E, Pisuttu C. Exogenous application of melatonin protects bean and tobacco plants against ozone damage by improving antioxidant enzyme activities, enhancing photosynthetic performance, and preventing membrane damage. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 343:123180. [PMID: 38142812 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.123180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Ozone (O3) pollution is harmful to plants and ecosystems. Several chemicals have been evaluated to protect plants against O3 deleterious effects. However, they are not adequately efficient and/or the environmental safety of their application is questioned. Hence, new chemicals that provide sufficient protection while being safer for environmental application are needed. This study investigates the response of two O3-sensitive plant species (Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. Pinto and Nicotiana tabacum L. cv. Bel-W3) leaf-sprayed with deionized water (W, control), ethylenediurea (EDU, 1 mM) or melatonin at lower (1 mM) or higher (3 mM) concentrations (Mel_L and Mel_H, respectively), and then exposed to a square wave of 200 ppb O3, lasting 1 day (5 h day-1) for bean and 2 days (8 h day-1) for tobacco. In both species, the photosynthetic activity of O3-exposed plants was about halved. O3-induced membrane damage was also confirmed by increased malondialdehyde (MDA) byproducts compared to control (W). In EDU- and Mel-treated bean plants, the photosynthetic performance was not influenced by O3, leading to reduction of the incidence and severity of O3 visible injury. In bean plants, Mel_L mitigated the detrimental effect of O3 by boosting antioxidant enzyme activities or osmoprotectants (e.g. abscisic acid, proline, and glutathione transferase). In Mel_L-sprayed tobacco plants, O3 negatively influenced the photosynthetic activity. Conversely, Mel_H ameliorated the O3-induced oxidative stress by preserving the photosynthetic performance, preventing membrane damage, and reducing the visible injuries extent. Although EDU performed better, melatonin protected plants against O3 phytotoxicity, suggesting its potential application as a bio-safer and eco-friendlier phytoprotectant against O3. It is worth noting that the content of melatonin in EDU-treated plants remained unchanged, indicating that the protectant mode of action of EDU is not Mel-related.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasiliki Vougeleka
- Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855, Athens, Greece
| | - Samuele Risoli
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, Pisa, 56124, Italy; University School for Advanced Studies IUSS Pavia, Palazzo del Broletto, Piazza della Vittoria 15, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Costas Saitanis
- Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855, Athens, Greece
| | - Evgenios Agathokleous
- School of Ecology and Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology (NUIST), Nanjing, 210044, China.
| | - Georgia Ntatsi
- Laboratory of Vegetable Production, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855, Athens, Greece
| | - Giacomo Lorenzini
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, Pisa, 56124, Italy; CIRSEC, Centre for Climatic Change Impact, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, Pisa, 56124, Italy
| | - Cristina Nali
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, Pisa, 56124, Italy; CIRSEC, Centre for Climatic Change Impact, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, Pisa, 56124, Italy
| | - Elisa Pellegrini
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, Pisa, 56124, Italy; CIRSEC, Centre for Climatic Change Impact, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, Pisa, 56124, Italy
| | - Claudia Pisuttu
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, Pisa, 56124, Italy
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13
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Liu Y, Li Y, Wang A, Xu Z, Li C, Wang Z, Guo B, Chen Y, Tang F, Li J. Enhancing cold resistance in Banana (Musa spp.) through EMS-induced mutagenesis, L-Hyp pressure selection: phenotypic alterations, biomass composition, and transcriptomic insights. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:101. [PMID: 38331759 PMCID: PMC10854111 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-04775-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The cultivation of bananas encounters substantial obstacles, particularly due to the detrimental effects of cold stress on their growth and productivity. A potential remedy that has gained attention is the utilization of ethyl mesylate (EMS)-induced mutagenesis technology, which enables the creation of a genetically varied group of banana mutants. This complex procedure entails subjecting the mutants to further stress screening utilizing L-Hyp in order to identify those exhibiting improved resistance to cold. This study conducted a comprehensive optimization of the screening conditions for EMS mutagenesis and L-Hyp, resulting in the identification of the mutant cm784, which exhibited remarkable cold resistance. Subsequent investigations further elucidated the physiological and transcriptomic responses of cm784 to low-temperature stress. RESULTS EMS mutagenesis had a substantial effect on banana seedlings, resulting in modifications in shoot and root traits, wherein a majority of seedlings exhibited delayed differentiation and limited elongation. Notably, mutant leaves displayed altered biomass composition, with starch content exhibiting the most pronounced variation. The application of L-Hyp pressure selection aided in the identification of cold-resistant mutants among seedling-lethal phenotypes. The mutant cm784 demonstrated enhanced cold resistance, as evidenced by improved survival rates and reduced symptoms of chilling injury. Physiological analyses demonstrated heightened activities of antioxidant enzymes and increased proline production in cm784 when subjected to cold stress. Transcriptome analysis unveiled 946 genes that were differentially expressed in cm784, with a notable enrichment in categories related to 'Carbohydrate transport and metabolism' and 'Secondary metabolites biosynthesis, transport, and catabolism'. CONCLUSION The present findings provide insights into the molecular mechanisms that contribute to the heightened cold resistance observed in banana mutants. These mechanisms encompass enhanced carbohydrate metabolism and secondary metabolite biosynthesis, thereby emphasizing the adaptive strategies employed to mitigate the detrimental effects induced by cold stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumeng Liu
- National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Sanya/Haikou, Hainan, 572024/571101, China
- College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yujia Li
- National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Sanya/Haikou, Hainan, 572024/571101, China
- Hainan Banana Healthy Seedling Propagation Engineering Research Center, Haikou Experimental Station, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, Hainan, China
| | - Anbang Wang
- National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Sanya/Haikou, Hainan, 572024/571101, China
- Hainan Banana Healthy Seedling Propagation Engineering Research Center, Haikou Experimental Station, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, Hainan, China
| | - Zhuye Xu
- Hainan Banana Healthy Seedling Propagation Engineering Research Center, Haikou Experimental Station, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, Hainan, China
- College of Horticulture, Hainan University, Haikou, 571101, Hainan, China
| | - Chunfang Li
- Collage of Tropical Crop, Yunnan Agricultural University, Puer, 611101, Yunnan, China
| | - Zuo Wang
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, Hainan, China
| | - Borui Guo
- National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Sanya/Haikou, Hainan, 572024/571101, China
- College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Collage of Tropical Crop, Yunnan Agricultural University, Puer, 611101, Yunnan, China
| | - Fenling Tang
- National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Sanya/Haikou, Hainan, 572024/571101, China
- Hainan Banana Healthy Seedling Propagation Engineering Research Center, Haikou Experimental Station, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, Hainan, China
| | - Jingyang Li
- National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Sanya/Haikou, Hainan, 572024/571101, China.
- Hainan Banana Healthy Seedling Propagation Engineering Research Center, Haikou Experimental Station, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, Hainan, China.
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14
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Kaur S, Grewal SK, Taggar GK, Bhardwaj RD. Methylglyoxal metabolism is altered during defence response in pigeonpea ( Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.) against the spotted pod borer ( Maruca vitrata). FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2024; 51:FP23155. [PMID: 38266279 DOI: 10.1071/fp23155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan ) production can be affected by the spotted pod borer (Maruca vitrata ). Here, we identified biochemical changes in plant parts of pigeonpea after M. vitrata infestation. Two pigeonpea genotypes (AL 1747, moderately resistant; and MN 1, susceptible) were compared for glyoxalase and non-glyoxalase enzyme systems responsible for methylglyoxal (MG) detoxification, γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase (γ-GCS), glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and glutathione content in leaves, flowers and pods under control and insect-infested conditions. MN 1 had major damage due to M. vitrata infestation compared to AL 1747. Lower accumulation of MG in AL 1747 was due to higher activities of enzymes of GSH-dependent (glyoxylase I, glyoxylase II), GSH-independent (glyoxalase III) pathway, and enzyme of non-glyoxalase pathway (methylglyoxal reductase, MGR), which convert MG to lactate. Decreased glyoxylase enzymes and MGR activities in MN 1 resulted in higher accumulation of MG. Higher lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity in AL 1747 indicates utilisation of MG detoxification pathway. Higher glutathione content in AL 1747 genotype might be responsible for efficient working of MG detoxification pathway under insect infestation. Higher activity of γ-GCS in AL 1747 maintains the glutathione pool, necessary for the functioning of glyoxylase pathway to carry out the detoxification of MG. Higher activities of GST and GPX in AL 1747 might be responsible for detoxification of toxic products that accumulates following insect infestation, and elevated activities of glyoxylase and non-glyoxylase enzyme systems in AL 1747 after infestation might be responsible for reducing reactive cabanoyl stress. Our investigation will help the future development of resistant cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukhmanpreet Kaur
- Department of Biochemistry, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
| | - Satvir Kaur Grewal
- Department of Biochemistry, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
| | - Gaurav Kumar Taggar
- Pulses Section, Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
| | - Rachana D Bhardwaj
- Department of Biochemistry, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
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15
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Silao FGS, Jiang T, Bereczky-Veress B, Kühbacher A, Ryman K, Uwamohoro N, Jenull S, Nogueira F, Ward M, Lion T, Urban CF, Rupp S, Kuchler K, Chen C, Peuckert C, Ljungdahl PO. Proline catabolism is a key factor facilitating Candida albicans pathogenicity. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011677. [PMID: 37917600 PMCID: PMC10621835 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Candida albicans, the primary etiology of human mycoses, is well-adapted to catabolize proline to obtain energy to initiate morphological switching (yeast to hyphal) and for growth. We report that put1-/- and put2-/- strains, carrying defective Proline UTilization genes, display remarkable proline sensitivity with put2-/- mutants being hypersensitive due to the accumulation of the toxic intermediate pyrroline-5-carboxylate (P5C), which inhibits mitochondrial respiration. The put1-/- and put2-/- mutations attenuate virulence in Drosophila and murine candidemia models and decrease survival in human neutrophils and whole blood. Using intravital 2-photon microscopy and label-free non-linear imaging, we visualized the initial stages of C. albicans cells infecting a kidney in real-time, directly deep in the tissue of a living mouse, and observed morphological switching of wildtype but not of put2-/- cells. Multiple members of the Candida species complex, including C. auris, are capable of using proline as a sole energy source. Our results indicate that a tailored proline metabolic network tuned to the mammalian host environment is a key feature of opportunistic fungal pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fitz Gerald S. Silao
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Science for Life Laboratory, Stockholm University, Solna, Sweden
| | - Tong Jiang
- Shanghai Institute of Immunity and Infection, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Biborka Bereczky-Veress
- Intravital Microscopy Facility, Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andreas Kühbacher
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology IGB, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Kicki Ryman
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Science for Life Laboratory, Stockholm University, Solna, Sweden
| | - Nathalie Uwamohoro
- Clinical Microbiology and Umeå Centre for Microbial Research (UCMR), Umeå University Umeå, Sweden
| | - Sabrina Jenull
- Medical University of Vienna, Max F. Perutz Laboratories GmbH, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Microbiology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Filomena Nogueira
- Medical University of Vienna, Max F. Perutz Laboratories GmbH, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Vienna, Austria
- St. Anna Kinderkrebsforschung e.V., Children’s Cancer Research Institute, Vienna, Austria
| | - Meliza Ward
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Science for Life Laboratory, Stockholm University, Solna, Sweden
| | - Thomas Lion
- St. Anna Kinderkrebsforschung e.V., Children’s Cancer Research Institute, Vienna, Austria
| | - Constantin F. Urban
- Clinical Microbiology and Umeå Centre for Microbial Research (UCMR), Umeå University Umeå, Sweden
| | - Steffen Rupp
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology IGB, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Karl Kuchler
- Medical University of Vienna, Max F. Perutz Laboratories GmbH, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Vienna, Austria
| | - Changbin Chen
- Shanghai Institute of Immunity and Infection, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Christiane Peuckert
- Intravital Microscopy Facility, Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Per O. Ljungdahl
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Science for Life Laboratory, Stockholm University, Solna, Sweden
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16
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Lukšić K, Mucalo A, Smolko A, Brkljačić L, Marinov L, Hančević K, Ozretić Zoković M, Bubola M, Maletić E, Karoglan Kontić J, Karoglan M, Salopek-Sondi B, Zdunić G. Biochemical Response and Gene Expression to Water Deficit of Croatian Grapevine Cultivars ( Vitis vinifera L.) and a Specimen of Vitis sylvestris. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3420. [PMID: 37836160 PMCID: PMC10575188 DOI: 10.3390/plants12193420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
The biochemical response and gene expression in different grapevine cultivars to water deficit are still not well understood. In this study, we investigated the performance of four traditional Croatian Vitis vinifera L. cultivars ('Plavac mali crni', 'Istrian Malvasia', 'Graševina', and 'Tribidrag'), and one wild (Vitis vinifera subsp. sylvestris) genotype exposed to water deficit (WD) for nine days under semi-controlled conditions in the greenhouse. Sampling for biochemical and gene expression analyses was performed at days six and nine from the beginning of WD treatment. The WD affected the accumulation of metabolites with a significant increase in abscisic acid (ABA), salicylic acid (SA), and proline in the leaves of the stressed genotypes when the WD continued for nine days. Lipid peroxidation (MDA) was not significantly different from that of the control plants after six days of WD, whereas it was significantly lower (297.40 nmol/g dw) in the stressed plants after nine days. The cultivar 'Istrian Malvasia' responded rapidly to the WD and showed the highest and earliest increase in ABA levels (1.16 ng mg-1 dw, i.e., 3.4-fold increase compared to control). 'Graševina' differed significantly from the other genotypes in SA content at both time points analyzed (six and nine days, 47.26 and 49.63 ng mg-1 dw, respectively). Proline level increased significantly under WD (up to 5-fold at day nine), and proline variation was not genotype driven. The expression of aquaporin genes (TIP2;1 and PIP2;1) was down-regulated in all genotypes, coinciding with the accumulation of ABA. The gene NCED1 (9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase) related to ABA was up-regulated in all genotypes under stress conditions and served as a reliable marker of drought stress. This work suggests that the stress response in metabolite synthesis and accumulation is complex, treatment- and genotype-dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarina Lukšić
- Institute for Adriatic Crops and Karst Reclamation, Put Duilova 11, 21000 Split, Croatia; (K.L.); (A.M.); (L.M.); (K.H.); (M.O.Z.)
| | - Ana Mucalo
- Institute for Adriatic Crops and Karst Reclamation, Put Duilova 11, 21000 Split, Croatia; (K.L.); (A.M.); (L.M.); (K.H.); (M.O.Z.)
| | - Ana Smolko
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.S.); (L.B.); (B.S.-S.)
| | - Lidija Brkljačić
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.S.); (L.B.); (B.S.-S.)
| | - Luka Marinov
- Institute for Adriatic Crops and Karst Reclamation, Put Duilova 11, 21000 Split, Croatia; (K.L.); (A.M.); (L.M.); (K.H.); (M.O.Z.)
| | - Katarina Hančević
- Institute for Adriatic Crops and Karst Reclamation, Put Duilova 11, 21000 Split, Croatia; (K.L.); (A.M.); (L.M.); (K.H.); (M.O.Z.)
| | - Maja Ozretić Zoković
- Institute for Adriatic Crops and Karst Reclamation, Put Duilova 11, 21000 Split, Croatia; (K.L.); (A.M.); (L.M.); (K.H.); (M.O.Z.)
| | - Marijan Bubola
- Institute of Agriculture and Tourism, Karla Huguesa 8, 52440 Poreč, Croatia;
| | - Edi Maletić
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Svetošimunska Cesta 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (E.M.); (J.K.K.); (M.K.)
- Centre of Excellence for Biodiversity and Molecular Plant Breeding, Svetošimunska Cesta 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jasminka Karoglan Kontić
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Svetošimunska Cesta 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (E.M.); (J.K.K.); (M.K.)
- Centre of Excellence for Biodiversity and Molecular Plant Breeding, Svetošimunska Cesta 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marko Karoglan
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Svetošimunska Cesta 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (E.M.); (J.K.K.); (M.K.)
| | - Branka Salopek-Sondi
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.S.); (L.B.); (B.S.-S.)
| | - Goran Zdunić
- Institute for Adriatic Crops and Karst Reclamation, Put Duilova 11, 21000 Split, Croatia; (K.L.); (A.M.); (L.M.); (K.H.); (M.O.Z.)
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17
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Ji X, Xin Z, Yuan Y, Wang M, Lu X, Li J, Zhang Y, Niu L, Jiang CZ, Sun D. A petunia transcription factor, PhOBF1, regulates flower senescence by modulating gibberellin biosynthesis. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2023; 10:uhad022. [PMID: 37786859 PMCID: PMC10541524 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhad022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Flower senescence is commonly enhanced by the endogenous hormone ethylene and suppressed by the gibberellins (GAs) in plants. However, the detailed mechanisms for the antagonism of these hormones during flower senescence remain elusive. In this study, we characterized one up-regulated gene PhOBF1, belonging to the basic leucine zipper transcription factor family, in senescing petals of petunia (Petunia hybrida). Exogenous treatments with ethylene and GA3 provoked a dramatic increase in PhOBF1 transcripts. Compared with wild-type plants, PhOBF1-RNAi transgenic petunia plants exhibited shortened flower longevity, while overexpression of PhOBF1 resulted in delayed flower senescence. Transcript abundances of two senescence-related genes PhSAG12 and PhSAG29 were higher in PhOBF1-silenced plants but lower in PhOBF1-overexpressing plants. Silencing and overexpression of PhOBF1 affected expression levels of a few genes involved in the GA biosynthesis and signaling pathways, as well as accumulation levels of bioactive GAs GA1 and GA3. Application of GA3 restored the accelerated petal senescence to normal levels in PhOBF1-RNAi transgenic petunia lines, and reduced ethylene release and transcription of three ethylene biosynthetic genes PhACO1, PhACS1, and PhACS2. Moreover, PhOBF1 was observed to specifically bind to the PhGA20ox3 promoter containing a G-box motif. Transient silencing of PhGA20ox3 in petunia plants through tobacco rattle virus-based virus-induced gene silencing method led to accelerated corolla senescence. Our results suggest that PhOBF1 functions as a negative regulator of ethylene-mediated flower senescence by modulating the GA production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotong Ji
- College of Landscape Architecture and Arts, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Ziwei Xin
- College of Landscape Architecture and Arts, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yanping Yuan
- College of Landscape Architecture and Arts, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Meiling Wang
- College of Landscape Architecture and Arts, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Xinyi Lu
- College of Landscape Architecture and Arts, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Jiaqi Li
- College of Landscape Architecture and Arts, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yanlong Zhang
- College of Landscape Architecture and Arts, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Lixin Niu
- College of Landscape Architecture and Arts, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Cai-Zhong Jiang
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Crops Pathology and Genetics Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Daoyang Sun
- College of Landscape Architecture and Arts, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
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18
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Zheng Y, Cabassa-Hourton C, Planchais S, Crilat E, Clément G, Dacher M, Durand N, Bordenave-Jacquemin M, Guivarc'h A, Dourmap C, Carol P, Lebreton S, Savouré A. Pyrroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogenase is an essential enzyme for proline dehydrogenase function during dark-induced senescence in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2023; 46:901-917. [PMID: 36583533 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
During leaf senescence, nitrogen is remobilized and carbon backbones are replenished by amino acid catabolism, with many of the key reactions occurring in mitochondria. The intermediate Δ1 -pyrroline-5-carboxylate (P5C) is common to some catabolic pathways, thus linking the metabolism of several amino acids, including proline and arginine. Specifically, mitochondrial proline catabolism involves sequential action of proline dehydrogenase (ProDH) and P5C dehydrogenase (P5CDH) to produce P5C and then glutamate. Arginine catabolism produces urea and ornithine, the latter in the presence of α-ketoglutarate being converted by ornithine δ-aminotransferase (OAT) into P5C and glutamate. Metabolic changes during dark-induced leaf senescence (DIS) were studied in Arabidopsis thaliana leaves of Col-0 and in prodh1prodh2, p5cdh and oat mutants. Progression of DIS was followed by measuring chlorophyll and proline contents for 5 days. Metabolomic profiling of 116 compounds revealed similar profiles of Col-0 and oat metabolism, distinct from prodh1prodh2 and p5cdh metabolism. Metabolic dynamics were accelerated in p5cdh by 1 day. Notably, more P5C and proline accumulated in p5cdh than in prodh1prodh2. ProDH1 enzymatic activity and protein amount were significantly down-regulated in p5cdh mutant at Day 4 of DIS. Mitochondrial P5C levels appeared critical in determining the flow through interconnected amino acid remobilization pathways to sustain senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Zheng
- Sorbonne Université, UPEC, CNRS, IRD, INRAE, Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences of Paris (iEES), Paris, France
| | - Cécile Cabassa-Hourton
- Sorbonne Université, UPEC, CNRS, IRD, INRAE, Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences of Paris (iEES), Paris, France
| | - Séverine Planchais
- Sorbonne Université, UPEC, CNRS, IRD, INRAE, Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences of Paris (iEES), Paris, France
| | - Emilie Crilat
- Sorbonne Université, UPEC, CNRS, IRD, INRAE, Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences of Paris (iEES), Paris, France
| | - Gilles Clément
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, UMR 1318, INRAE-AgroParisTech, Centre INRAE, Versailles, France
| | - Matthieu Dacher
- Sorbonne Université, UPEC, CNRS, IRD, INRAE, Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences of Paris (iEES), Paris, France
| | - Nina Durand
- Sorbonne Université, UPEC, CNRS, IRD, INRAE, Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences of Paris (iEES), Paris, France
| | - Marianne Bordenave-Jacquemin
- Sorbonne Université, UPEC, CNRS, IRD, INRAE, Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences of Paris (iEES), Paris, France
| | - Anne Guivarc'h
- Sorbonne Université, UPEC, CNRS, IRD, INRAE, Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences of Paris (iEES), Paris, France
| | - Corentin Dourmap
- Sorbonne Université, UPEC, CNRS, IRD, INRAE, Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences of Paris (iEES), Paris, France
| | - Pierre Carol
- Sorbonne Université, UPEC, CNRS, IRD, INRAE, Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences of Paris (iEES), Paris, France
| | - Sandrine Lebreton
- Sorbonne Université, UPEC, CNRS, IRD, INRAE, Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences of Paris (iEES), Paris, France
| | - Arnould Savouré
- Sorbonne Université, UPEC, CNRS, IRD, INRAE, Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences of Paris (iEES), Paris, France
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Verrillo M, Koellensperger G, Puehringer M, Cozzolino V, Spaccini R, Rampler E. Evaluation of Sustainable Recycled Products to Increase the Production of Nutraceutical and Antibacterial Molecules in Basil Plants by a Combined Metabolomic Approach. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:513. [PMID: 36771598 PMCID: PMC9919386 DOI: 10.3390/plants12030513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND An important goal of modern medicine is the development of products deriving from natural sources to improve environmental sustainability. In this study, humic substances (HS) and compost teas (CTs) extracted from artichoke (ART) and coffee grounds (COF) as recycled biomasses were employed on Ocimum basilicum plants to optimize the yield of specific metabolites with nutraceutical and antibacterial features by applying sustainable strategies. METHODS The molecular characteristics of compost derivates were elucidated by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy to investigate the structure-activity relationship between organic extracts and their bioactive potential. Additionally, combined untargeted and targeted metabolomics workflows were applied to plants treated with different concentrations of compost extracts. RESULTS The substances HS-ART and CT-COF improved both antioxidant activity (TEAC values between 39 and 55 μmol g-1) and the antimicrobial efficacy (MIC value between 3.7 and 1.3 μg mL-1) of basil metabolites. The metabolomic approach identified about 149 metabolites related to the applied treatments. Targeted metabolite quantification further highlighted the eliciting effect of HS-ART and CT-COF on the synthesis of aromatic amino acids and phenolic compounds for nutraceutical application. CONCLUSIONS The combination of molecular characterization, biological assays, and an advanced metabolomic approach, provided innovative insight into the valorization of recycled biomass to increase the availability of natural compounds employed in the medical field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariavittoria Verrillo
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Università 100, 80055 Portici, Italy
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca per la Risonanza Magnetica Nucleare per l’Ambiente, l’Agroalimentare, ed i Nuovi Materiali (CERMANU), Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Università 100, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Gunda Koellensperger
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Strasse 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Vienna Metabolomics Center (VIME), University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Marlene Puehringer
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Strasse 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Vienna Metabolomics Center (VIME), University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Vincenza Cozzolino
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Università 100, 80055 Portici, Italy
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca per la Risonanza Magnetica Nucleare per l’Ambiente, l’Agroalimentare, ed i Nuovi Materiali (CERMANU), Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Università 100, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Riccardo Spaccini
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Università 100, 80055 Portici, Italy
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca per la Risonanza Magnetica Nucleare per l’Ambiente, l’Agroalimentare, ed i Nuovi Materiali (CERMANU), Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Università 100, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Evelyn Rampler
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Strasse 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Vienna Metabolomics Center (VIME), University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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20
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The metabolic and lipidomic profiling of the effects of tracheal occlusion in a rabbit model of congenital diaphragmatic hernia. J Pediatr Surg 2023; 58:971-980. [PMID: 36801071 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2023.01.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Fetal tracheal occlusion (TO) reverses the pulmonary hypoplasia associated with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH), but its mechanism of action remains poorly understood. 'Omic' readouts capture metabolic and lipid processing function, which aid in understanding CDH and TO metabolic mechanisms. METHODS CDH was created in fetal rabbits at 23 days, TO at 28 days and lung collection at 31 days (Term ∼32 days). Lung-body weight ratio (LBWR) and mean terminal bronchiole density (MTBD) were determined. In a cohort, left and right lungs were collected, weighed, and samples homogenized, and extracts collected for non-targeted metabolomic and lipidomic profiling via LC-MS and LC-MS/MS, respectively. RESULTS LBWR was significantly lower in CDH while CDH + TO was similar to controls (p = 0.003). MTBD was significantly higher in CDH fetuses and restored to control and sham levels in CDH + TO (p < 0.001). CDH and CDH + TO resulted in significant differences in metabolome and lipidome profiles compared to sham controls. A significant number of altered metabolites and lipids between the controls and CDH groups and the CDH and CDH + TO fetuses were identified. Significant changes in the ubiquinone and other terpenoid-quinone biosynthesis pathway and the tyrosine metabolism pathway were observed in CDH + TO. CONCLUSION CDH + TO reverses pulmonary hypoplasia in the CDH rabbit, in association with a specific metabolic and lipid signature. A synergistic untargeted 'omics' approach provides a global signature for CDH and CDH + TO, highlighting cellular mechanisms among lipids and other metabolites, enabling comprehensive network analysis to identify critical metabolic drivers in disease pathology and recovery. TYPE OF STUDY Basic Science, Prospective. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE II.
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21
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Verslues PE, Bailey-Serres J, Brodersen C, Buckley TN, Conti L, Christmann A, Dinneny JR, Grill E, Hayes S, Heckman RW, Hsu PK, Juenger TE, Mas P, Munnik T, Nelissen H, Sack L, Schroeder JI, Testerink C, Tyerman SD, Umezawa T, Wigge PA. Burning questions for a warming and changing world: 15 unknowns in plant abiotic stress. THE PLANT CELL 2023; 35:67-108. [PMID: 36018271 PMCID: PMC9806664 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koac263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
We present unresolved questions in plant abiotic stress biology as posed by 15 research groups with expertise spanning eco-physiology to cell and molecular biology. Common themes of these questions include the need to better understand how plants detect water availability, temperature, salinity, and rising carbon dioxide (CO2) levels; how environmental signals interface with endogenous signaling and development (e.g. circadian clock and flowering time); and how this integrated signaling controls downstream responses (e.g. stomatal regulation, proline metabolism, and growth versus defense balance). The plasma membrane comes up frequently as a site of key signaling and transport events (e.g. mechanosensing and lipid-derived signaling, aquaporins). Adaptation to water extremes and rising CO2 affects hydraulic architecture and transpiration, as well as root and shoot growth and morphology, in ways not fully understood. Environmental adaptation involves tradeoffs that limit ecological distribution and crop resilience in the face of changing and increasingly unpredictable environments. Exploration of plant diversity within and among species can help us know which of these tradeoffs represent fundamental limits and which ones can be circumvented by bringing new trait combinations together. Better defining what constitutes beneficial stress resistance in different contexts and making connections between genes and phenotypes, and between laboratory and field observations, are overarching challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Julia Bailey-Serres
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, Center for Plant Cell Biology, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, USA
| | - Craig Brodersen
- School of the Environment, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
| | - Thomas N Buckley
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - Lucio Conti
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Milan 20133, Italy
| | - Alexander Christmann
- School of Life Sciences, Technical University Munich, Freising-Weihenstephan 85354, Germany
| | - José R Dinneny
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Erwin Grill
- School of Life Sciences, Technical University Munich, Freising-Weihenstephan 85354, Germany
| | - Scott Hayes
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Plant Sciences Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen 6708 PB, The Netherlands
| | - Robert W Heckman
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - Po-Kai Hsu
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Thomas E Juenger
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - Paloma Mas
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Barcelona 08193, Spain
- Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Teun Munnik
- Department of Plant Cell Biology, Green Life Sciences Cluster, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam NL-1098XH, The Netherlands
| | - Hilde Nelissen
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent 9052, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent 9052, Belgium
| | - Lawren Sack
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of the Environment and Sustainability, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Julian I Schroeder
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Christa Testerink
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Plant Sciences Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen 6708 PB, The Netherlands
| | - Stephen D Tyerman
- ARC Center Excellence, Plant Energy Biology, School of Agriculture Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5064, Australia
| | - Taishi Umezawa
- Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 6708 PB, Japan
| | - Philip A Wigge
- Leibniz-Institut für Gemüse- und Zierpflanzenbau, Großbeeren 14979, Germany
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam 14476, Germany
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22
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Botton A, Girardi F, Ruperti B, Brilli M, Tijero V, Eccher G, Populin F, Schievano E, Riello T, Munné-Bosch S, Canton M, Rasori A, Cardillo V, Meggio F. Grape Berry Responses to Sequential Flooding and Heatwave Events: A Physiological, Transcriptional, and Metabolic Overview. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:3574. [PMID: 36559686 PMCID: PMC9788187 DOI: 10.3390/plants11243574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Grapevine cultivation, such as the whole horticulture, is currently challenged by several factors, among which the extreme weather events occurring under the climate change scenario are the most relevant. Within this context, the present study aims at characterizing at the berry level the physiological response of Vitis vinifera cv. Sauvignon Blanc to sequential stresses simulated under a semi-controlled environment: flooding at bud-break followed by multiple summer stress (drought plus heatwave) occurring at pre-vèraison. Transcriptomic and metabolomic assessments were performed through RNASeq and NMR, respectively. A comprehensive hormone profiling was also carried out. Results pointed out a different response to the heatwave in the two situations. Flooding caused a developmental advance, determining a different physiological background in the berry, thus affecting its response to the summer stress at both transcriptional levels, with the upregulation of genes involved in oxidative stress responses, and metabolic level, with the increase in osmoprotectants, such as proline and other amino acids. In conclusion, sequential stress, including a flooding event at bud-break followed by a summer heatwave, may impact phenological development and berry ripening, with possible consequences on berry and wine quality. A berry physiological model is presented that may support the development of sustainable vineyard management solutions to improve the water use efficiency and adaptation capacity of actual viticultural systems to future scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Botton
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment—DAFNAE, University of Padova, Agripolis, Viale dell’università 16, Legnaro, 35020 Padova, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Centre for Viticulture and Enology—CIRVE, University of Padova, Via XXVIII Aprile 14, Conegliano, 31015 Treviso, Italy
| | - Francesco Girardi
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment—DAFNAE, University of Padova, Agripolis, Viale dell’università 16, Legnaro, 35020 Padova, Italy
| | - Benedetto Ruperti
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment—DAFNAE, University of Padova, Agripolis, Viale dell’università 16, Legnaro, 35020 Padova, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Centre for Viticulture and Enology—CIRVE, University of Padova, Via XXVIII Aprile 14, Conegliano, 31015 Treviso, Italy
| | - Matteo Brilli
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Veronica Tijero
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment—DAFNAE, University of Padova, Agripolis, Viale dell’università 16, Legnaro, 35020 Padova, Italy
| | - Giulia Eccher
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment—DAFNAE, University of Padova, Agripolis, Viale dell’università 16, Legnaro, 35020 Padova, Italy
| | - Francesca Populin
- Unit of Fruit Crop Genetics and Breeding, Research and Innovation Centre—CRI, Edmund Mach Foundation—FEM, Via E. Mach 1, San Michele all’Adige, 38098 Trento, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Schievano
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Tobia Riello
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Sergi Munné-Bosch
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, University of Barcelona, Diagonal 643, 08017 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Monica Canton
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment—DAFNAE, University of Padova, Agripolis, Viale dell’università 16, Legnaro, 35020 Padova, Italy
| | - Angela Rasori
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment—DAFNAE, University of Padova, Agripolis, Viale dell’università 16, Legnaro, 35020 Padova, Italy
| | - Valerio Cardillo
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment—DAFNAE, University of Padova, Agripolis, Viale dell’università 16, Legnaro, 35020 Padova, Italy
| | - Franco Meggio
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment—DAFNAE, University of Padova, Agripolis, Viale dell’università 16, Legnaro, 35020 Padova, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Centre for Viticulture and Enology—CIRVE, University of Padova, Via XXVIII Aprile 14, Conegliano, 31015 Treviso, Italy
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23
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Giant Viruses as a Source of Novel Enzymes for Biotechnological Application. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11121453. [PMID: 36558786 PMCID: PMC9787589 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11121453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The global demand for industrial enzymes has been increasing in recent years, and the search for new sources of these biological products is intense, especially in microorganisms. Most known viruses have limited genetic machinery and, thus, have been overlooked by the enzyme industry for years. However, a peculiar group of viruses breaks this paradigm. Giant viruses of the phylum Nucleocytoviricota infect protists (i.e., algae and amoebae) and have complex genomes, reaching up to 2.7 Mb in length and encoding hundreds of genes. Different giant viruses have robust metabolic machinery, especially those in the Phycodnaviridae and Mimiviridae families. In this review, we present some peculiarities of giant viruses that infect protists and discuss why they should be seen as an outstanding source of new enzymes. We revisited the genomes of representatives of different groups of giant viruses and put together information about their enzymatic machinery, highlighting several genes to be explored in biotechnology involved in carbohydrate metabolism, DNA replication, and RNA processing, among others. Finally, we present additional evidence based on structural biology using chitinase as a model to reinforce the role of giant viruses as a source of novel enzymes for biotechnological application.
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24
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Riquelme S, Campos JV, Pecio Ł, Alzamora R, Mardones C, Simonet AM, Arteaga-Pérez LE, Rubilar R, Fiehn O, Pérez AJ. Sirex noctilio infestation led to inevitable pine death despite activating pathways involved in tolerance. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2022; 203:113350. [PMID: 35973612 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2022.113350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Defense-related metabolome traits in pine species after infestation by Sirex noctilio are largely unknown, despite, in most cases, trees being overwhelmed. Using LC-MS-based untargeted metabolomics, we revealed the systemic metabolic changes induced by this insect in 14-year-old Pinus radiata trees, the most affected species worldwide. An immediate metabolome alteration was expressed in needles after infestation, including the up-regulation of flavonols, flavan-3-ols, oxyneolignans, auxins, proline, and tryptophan, among others. The flavan-3-ols (catechin and procyanidin B1) suggested a rapidly induced photoprotection mechanism aided by diverting proline as an alternative substrate for respiration to compensate for the progressive chlorosis that degrades photosystems. Meanwhile, glutathione, glutamate, and ascorbate levels significantly dropped in needles, which may indicate the critical oxidative stress that trees had to face since the onset of the infestation. They were not fully replenished after long-term infestation, and redox homeostasis was probably not achieved, compromising tree survival. Nevertheless, a huge auxins overexpression detected in needles throughout the infestation may reflect tolerance against the premature senescence caused by the woodwasp venom. In contrast, the metabolome of wood tissues remained initially unchanged, although it seems to collapse after three months. Overall, the metabolomics strategy adopted in this work evidenced its usefulness in uncovering the fundamental roles of plants' chemical defense that govern interactions with specific stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastián Riquelme
- Departamento de Análisis Instrumental, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Jasna V Campos
- Departamento de Análisis Instrumental, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Łukasz Pecio
- Department of Biochemistry and Crop Quality, Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation, State Research Institute, ul. Czartoryskich 8, Puławy, 24-100, Poland
| | - Rosa Alzamora
- Departamento Manejo de Bosques y Medio Ambiente, Facultad de Ciencias Forestales, Universidad de Concepción, Victoria 631, Concepción, Chile; Centro Nacional de Excelencia para la Industria de la Madera (CENAMAD), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudia Mardones
- Departamento de Análisis Instrumental, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile; Unidad de Desarrollo Tecnológico, UDT, Universidad de Concepción, Coronel, Chile
| | - Ana M Simonet
- Allelopathy Group, Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Biomolecules (INBIO), Campus de Excelencia Internacional (ceiA3), School of Science, University of Cadiz, Puerto Real, Cadiz, Spain
| | - Luis E Arteaga-Pérez
- Laboratory of Thermal and Catalytic Processes (LPTC), Department of Wood Engineering, University of Bío-Bío, Chile
| | - Rafael Rubilar
- Centro Nacional de Excelencia para la Industria de la Madera (CENAMAD), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Santiago, Chile; Cooperativa de Productividad Forestal, Departamento de Silvicultura, Facultad de Ciencias Forestales, Universidad de Concepción, Victoria 631, Concepción, Chile
| | - Oliver Fiehn
- NIH West Coast Metabolomics Center, UC Davis Genome Center, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Andy J Pérez
- Departamento de Análisis Instrumental, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile; Unidad de Desarrollo Tecnológico, UDT, Universidad de Concepción, Coronel, Chile.
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25
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Lin XY, Zhang NN, Yao BH, Zhang X, Liu WY, Zhang WQ, Zhang JH, Wei GH, Chen J. Interactions between hydrogen sulphide and rhizobia modulate the physiological and metabolism process during water deficiency-induced oxidative defense in soybean. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2022; 45:3249-3274. [PMID: 36043459 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulphide (H2 S), a new gas signal molecule, participates in the regulation of various abiotic stresses in plants. However, how the tandem working of H2 S and rhizobia affects the adaptation of soybean to water deficiency is still unclear. In this study, we investigated the adaptation mechanism of H2 S and rhizobia in soybean to water deficiency. Our results revealed that H2 S and rhizobia jointly enhanced the leaf chlorophyll content and relative water content in plants, and caused an increase in the biomass of soybean seedlings under water deficiency. Besides, in the absence of water, H2 S enhanced the biomass by affecting the number of nodules and nitrogenase activity during vegetative growth. The expression of nodulation marker genes including early nodulin 40 (GmENOD40), ERF required for nodulation (GmERN) and nodulation inception genes (GmNIN1a, GmNIN2a and GmNIN2b) were upregulated by H2 S and rhizobia in the nodules. Moreover, the combined effect of H2 S and rhizobia was proved to affect the enzyme activities and gene expression level of antioxidants, as well as osmotic protective substance content and related gene expression levels under water deficiency in soybean seedlings. In addition, the metabolomic results suggested that the combined effect of H2 S and rhizobia remarkably promoted the contents of lipids and lipid-like molecules. Our results indicated that H2 S and rhizobia synergistically reduced the oxidative damage caused by water deficiency through increasing the accumulation of metabolites and strengthening the plant antioxidant capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Yuan Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Ni-Na Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Bai-Hui Yao
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Wu-Yu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Qin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Hua Zhang
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Ge-Hong Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
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26
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Li M, Si X, Liu Y, Liu Y, Cheng X, Dai Z, Yu X, Ali M, Lu G. Transcriptomic analysis of ncRNA and mRNA interactions during leaf senescence in tomato. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 222:2556-2570. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.10.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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27
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Reynaert S, Zi L, AbdElgawad H, De Boeck HJ, Vindušková O, Nijs I, Beemster G, Asard H. Does previous exposure to extreme precipitation regimes result in acclimated grassland communities? THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 838:156368. [PMID: 35654184 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Climate change will likely increase weather persistence in the mid-latitudes, resulting in precipitation regimes (PR) with longer dry and wet periods compared to historic averages. This could affect terrestrial ecosystems substantially through the increased occurrence of repeated, prolonged drought and water logging conditions. Climate history is an important determinant of ecosystem responses to consecutive environmental extremes, through direct damage, community restructuring as well as morphological and physiological acclimation in species or individuals. However, it is unclear how community restructuring and individual metabolic acclimation effects interact to determine ecosystem responses to subsequent climate extremes. Here, we investigated, if and how, differences in exposure to extreme or historically normal PR induced long-lasting (i.e. legacy) effects at the level of community (e.g., species composition), plant (e.g., biomass), and molecular composition (e.g., sugars, lipids, stress markers). Experimental grassland communities were exposed to long (extreme) or short (historically normal) dry/wet cycles in year 1 (Y1), followed by exposure to an identical PR or the opposite PR in year 2 (Y2). Results indicate that exposure to extreme PR in Y1, reduced diversity but induced apparent acclimation effects in all climate scenarios, stimulating biomass (higher productivity and structural sugar content) in Y2. In contrast, plants pre-exposed to normal PR, showed more activated stress responses (higher proline and antioxidants) under extreme PR in Y2. Overall, Y1 acclimation effects were strongest in the dominant grasses, indicating comparatively high phenotypical plasticity. However, Y2 drought intensity also correlated with grass productivity and structural sugar findings, suggesting that responses to short-term soil water deficits contributed to the observed patterns. Interactions between different legacy effects are discussed. We conclude that more extreme PR will likely alter diversity in the short-to midterm and select for acclimated grassland communities with increased productivity and attenuated molecular stress responses under future climate regimes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Reynaert
- Plants and Ecosystems (PLECO), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, B-2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Lin Zi
- Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research (IMPRES), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Hamada AbdElgawad
- Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research (IMPRES), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium; Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62511, Egypt
| | - Hans J De Boeck
- Plants and Ecosystems (PLECO), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, B-2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Olga Vindušková
- Plants and Ecosystems (PLECO), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, B-2610 Wilrijk, Belgium; Institute for Environmental Studies, Charles University, Prague 128 01, Czech Republic
| | - Ivan Nijs
- Plants and Ecosystems (PLECO), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, B-2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Gerrit Beemster
- Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research (IMPRES), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Han Asard
- Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research (IMPRES), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium
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Mansinhos I, Gonçalves S, Rodríguez-Solana R, Duarte H, Ordóñez-Díaz JL, Moreno-Rojas JM, Romano A. Response of Thymus lotocephalus In Vitro Cultures to Drought Stress and Role of Green Extracts in Cosmetics. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11081475. [PMID: 36009194 PMCID: PMC9404771 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11081475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The impact of drought stress induced by polyethylene glycol (PEG) on morphological, physiological, (bio)chemical, and biological characteristics of Thymus lotocephalus López and Morales shoot cultures have been investigated, as well as the potential of iron oxide nanoparticles, salicylic acid, and methyl jasmonate (MeJA) as alleviating drought stress agents. Results showed that PEG caused oxidative stress in a dose-dependent manner, raising H2O2 levels and reducing shoots’ growth, photosynthetic pigment contents, and phenolic compounds production, especially phenolic acids, including the major compound rosmarinic acid. Moreover, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectra analysis revealed that PEG treatment caused changes in shoots’ composition, enhancing terpenoids biosynthesis. PEG also decreased the biological activities (antioxidant, anti-tyrosinase, and photoprotective) of the eco-friendly extracts obtained with a Natural Deep Eutectic Solvent. MeJA was the most efficient agent in protecting cells from oxidative damage caused by drought, by improving the biosynthesis of phenolics, like methyl 6-O-galloyl-β-D-glucopyranoside and salvianolic acids, as well as improving the extracts’ antioxidant activity. Altogether, the obtained results demonstrated a negative impact of PEG on T. lotocephalus shoots and an effective role of MeJA as a mitigating agent of drought stress. Additionally, extracts showed a good potential to be used in the cosmetics industry as skincare products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês Mansinhos
- MED–Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development & CHANGE–Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; (I.M.); (R.R.-S.); (H.D.)
| | - Sandra Gonçalves
- MED–Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development & CHANGE–Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; (I.M.); (R.R.-S.); (H.D.)
- Correspondence: (S.G.); (A.R.); Tel.: +351-289800900 (S.G.); +351-289800910 (A.R.)
| | - Raquel Rodríguez-Solana
- MED–Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development & CHANGE–Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; (I.M.); (R.R.-S.); (H.D.)
- Department of Agroindustry and Food Quality, Andalusian Institute of Agricultural and Fisheries Research and Training (IFAPA), Avenida Menendez-Pidal, SN, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; (J.L.O.-D.); (J.M.M.-R.)
| | - Hugo Duarte
- MED–Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development & CHANGE–Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; (I.M.); (R.R.-S.); (H.D.)
| | - José Luis Ordóñez-Díaz
- Department of Agroindustry and Food Quality, Andalusian Institute of Agricultural and Fisheries Research and Training (IFAPA), Avenida Menendez-Pidal, SN, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; (J.L.O.-D.); (J.M.M.-R.)
| | - José Manuel Moreno-Rojas
- Department of Agroindustry and Food Quality, Andalusian Institute of Agricultural and Fisheries Research and Training (IFAPA), Avenida Menendez-Pidal, SN, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; (J.L.O.-D.); (J.M.M.-R.)
| | - Anabela Romano
- MED–Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development & CHANGE–Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; (I.M.); (R.R.-S.); (H.D.)
- Correspondence: (S.G.); (A.R.); Tel.: +351-289800900 (S.G.); +351-289800910 (A.R.)
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Shipley ON, Olin JA, Whiteman JP, Bethea DM, Newsome SD. Bulk and amino acid nitrogen isotopes suggest shifting nitrogen balance of pregnant sharks across gestation. Oecologia 2022; 199:313-328. [PMID: 35718810 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-022-05197-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Nitrogen isotope (δ15N) analysis of bulk tissues and individual amino acids (AA) can be used to assess how consumers maintain nitrogen balance with broad implications for predicting individual fitness. For elasmobranchs, a ureotelic taxa thought to be constantly nitrogen limited, the isotopic effects associated with nitrogen-demanding events such as prolonged gestation remain unknown. Given the linkages between nitrogen isotope variation and consumer nitrogen balance, we used AA δ15N analysis of muscle and liver tissue collected from female bonnethead sharks (Sphyrna tiburo, n = 16) and their embryos (n = 14) to explore how nitrogen balance may vary across gestation. Gestational stage was a strong predictor of bulk tissue and AA δ15N values in pregnant shark tissues, decreasing as individuals neared parturition. This trend was observed in trophic (e.g., Glx, Ala, Val), source (e.g., Lys), and physiological (e.g., Gly) AAs. Several potential mechanisms may explain these results including nitrogen conservation, scavenging, and bacterially mediated breakdown of urea to free ammonia that is used to synthesize AAs. We observed contrasting patterns of isotopic discrimination in embryo tissues, which generally became enriched in 15N throughout development. This was attributed to greater excretion of nitrogenous waste in more developed embryos, and the role of physiologically sensitive AAs (i.e., Gly and Ser) to molecular processes such as nucleotide synthesis. These findings underscore how AA isotopes can quantify shifts in nitrogen balance, providing unequivocal evidence for the role of physiological condition in driving δ15N variation in both bulk tissues and individual AAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver N Shipley
- Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA. .,Beneath the Waves, PO Box 126, Herndon, VA, 20172, USA.
| | - Jill A Olin
- Biological Sciences, Great Lakes Research Center, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, 49931, USA
| | - John P Whiteman
- Department of Biological Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, 23529, USA
| | - Dana M Bethea
- NOAA Fisheries Southeast Regional Office, Saint Petersburg, FL, 33701, USA
| | - Seth D Newsome
- Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
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Mamun MA, Islam MT, Lee BR, Bae DW, Kim TH. Interactive Regulation of Hormone and Resistance Gene in Proline Metabolism Is Involved in Effector-Triggered Immunity or Disease Susceptibility in the Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris- Brassica napus Pathosystem. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 12:738608. [PMID: 35082802 PMCID: PMC8784845 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.738608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
To characterize cultivar variations in hormonal regulation of the transition between pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) and effector-triggered immunity or susceptibility (ETI or ETS), the responses of resistance (R-) genes, hydrogen peroxide, and proline metabolism in two Brassica napus cultivars to contrasting disease susceptibility (resistant cv. Capitol vs. susceptible cv. Mosa) were interpreted as being linked to those of endogenous hormonal levels and signaling genes based on a time course of disease symptom development. Disease symptoms caused by the Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc) infections were much more developed in cv. Mosa than in cv. Capitol, as shown by an earlier appearance (at 3 days postinoculation [3 DPI]) and larger V-shaped necrosis lesions (at 9-15 DPI) in cv. Mosa. The cultivar variations in the R-genes, hormone status, and proline metabolism were found in two different phases (early [0-3 DPI] and later [9-15 DPI]). In the early phase, Xcc significantly upregulated PTI-related cytoplasmic kinase (Botrytis-induced kinase-1 [BIK1]) expression (+6.3-fold) with salicylic acid (SA) accumulation in cv. Capitol, while relatively less (+2.6-fold) with highly increased jasmonic acid (JA) level in cv. Mosa. The Xcc-responsive proline accumulation in both cultivars was similar to upregulated expression of proline synthesis-related genes (P5CS2 and P5CR). During the later phase in cv. Capitol, Xcc-responsive upregulation of ZAR1 (a coiled-coil-nucleotide binding site-leucine-rich repeat [CC-NB-LRR-type R-gene]) was concomitant with a gradual increase in JA levels without additional proline accumulation. However, in cv. Mosa, upregulation of TAO1 (a toll/interleukin-1 receptor-nucleotide binding site-leucine-rich repeat [TIR-NB-LRR-type R-gene]) was consistent with an increase in SA and abscisic acid (ABA) levels and resulted in an antagonistic depression of JA, which led to a proline accumulation. These results indicate that Xcc-induced BIK1- and ZAR1-mediated JA signaling interactions provide resistance and confirm ETI, whereas BIK1- and TAO1-enhanced SA- and/or ABA-mediated proline accumulation is associated with disease susceptibility (ETS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Al Mamun
- Department of Animal Science, Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Md Tabibul Islam
- Department of Animal Science, Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
- Alson H. Smith Jr. Agricultural Research and Extension Center, School of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Virginia Tech, Winchester, VA, United States
| | - Bok-Rye Lee
- Department of Animal Science, Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
- Asian Pear Research Institute, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Dong-Won Bae
- Biomaterial Analytical Laboratory, Central Instruments Facility, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Tae-Hwan Kim
- Department of Animal Science, Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
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de Sousa GF, Silva MA, de Morais EG, Van Opbergen GAZ, Van Opbergen GGAZ, de Oliveira RR, Amaral D, Brown P, Chalfun-Junior A, Guilherme LRG. Selenium enhances chilling stress tolerance in coffee species by modulating nutrient, carbohydrates, and amino acids content. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1000430. [PMID: 36172560 PMCID: PMC9511033 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1000430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The effects of selenium (Se) on plant metabolism have been reported in several studies triggering plant tolerance to abiotic stresses, yet, the effects of Se on coffee plants under chilling stress are unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of foliar Se application on coffee seedlings submitted to chilling stress and subsequent plant recovery. Two Coffea species, Coffea arabica cv. Arara, and Coffea canephora clone 31, were submitted to foliar application of sodium selenate solution (0.4 mg plant-1) or a control foliar solution, then on day 2 plants were submitted to low temperature (10°C day/4°C night) for 2 days. After that, the temperature was restored to optimal (25°C day/20°C night) for 2 days. Leaf samples were collected three times (before, during, and after the chilling stress) to perform analyses. After the chilling stress, visual leaf injury was observed in both species; however, the damage was twofold higher in C. canephora. The lower effect of cold on C. arabica was correlated to the increase in ascorbate peroxidase and higher content of starch, sucrose, and total soluble sugars compared with C. canephora, as well as a reduction in reducing sugars and proline content during the stress and rewarming. Se increased the nitrogen and sulfur content before stress but reduced their content during low temperature. The reduced content of nitrogen and sulfur during stress indicates that they were remobilized to stem and roots. Se supply reduced the damage in C. canephora leaves by 24% compared with the control. However, there was no evidence of the Se effects on antioxidant enzymatic pathways or ROS activity during stress as previously reported in the literature. Se increased the content of catalase during the rewarming. Se foliar supply also increased starch, amino acids, and proline, which may have reduced symptom expression in C. canephora in response to low temperature. In conclusion, Se foliar application can be used as a strategy to improve coffee tolerance under low-temperature changing nutrient remobilization, carbohydrate metabolism, and catalase activity in response to rewarming stress, but C. arabica and C. canephora respond differently to chilling stress and Se supply.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Raphael R. de Oliveira
- Department of Biology, Plant Physiology Sector, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, Brazil
| | - Douglas Amaral
- Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of California, Hanford, Hanford, CA, United States
| | - Patrick Brown
- Department of Plant Sciences, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Antonio Chalfun-Junior
- Department of Biology, Plant Physiology Sector, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, Brazil
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Li J, Zhang Z, Chong K, Xu Y. Chilling tolerance in rice: Past and present. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 268:153576. [PMID: 34875419 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2021.153576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Rice is generally sensitive to chilling stress, which seriously affects growth and yield. Since early in the last century, considerable efforts have been made to understand the physiological and molecular mechanisms underlying the response to chilling stress and improve rice chilling tolerance. Here, we review the research trends and advances in this field. The phenotypic and biochemical changes caused by cold stress and the physiological explanations are briefly summarized. Using published data from the past 20 years, we reviewed the past progress and important techniques in the identification of quantitative trait loci (QTL), novel genes, and cellular pathways involved in rice chilling tolerance. The advent of novel technologies has significantly advanced studies of cold tolerance, and the characterization of QTLs, key genes, and molecular modules have sped up molecular design breeding for cold tolerance in rice varieties. In addition to gene function studies based on overexpression or artificially generated mutants, elucidating natural allelic variation in specific backgrounds is emerging as a novel approach for the study of cold tolerance in rice, and the superior alleles identified using this approach can directly facilitate breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhua Li
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China
| | - Zeyong Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Kang Chong
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Yunyuan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China.
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Zhang Q, Feng YX, Tian P, Lin YJ, Yu XZ. Proline-mediated regulation on jasmonate signals repressed anthocyanin accumulation through the MYB-bHLH-WDR complex in rice under chromium exposure. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:953398. [PMID: 35982692 PMCID: PMC9379311 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.953398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Toxic metal-induced overaccumulation of anthocyanin (ATH) in plants can oxidize proteins and break DNA. Herein, the role of exogenous proline (Pro) on the repression of ATH accumulation in rice seedlings during hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] exposure was studied. Results indicated that exogenous Pro-mediated regulation of jasmonate signals activated the MYB-bHLH-WDR complex to repress ATH accumulation in rice tissues under Cr(VI) stress. Biochemical and transcript analysis indicated that exogenous Pro promoted the synthesis of jasmonic acid (JA) and its molecularly active metabolite jasmonic acid isoleucine (JA-Ile) in rice tissues under Cr(VI) stress. Increment in the endogenous level of jasmonates positively triggered the expression of genes responsible for the JA signaling pathway and activated the MYB-bHLH-WDR complex, eventually repressing the glycosylation of anthocyanidin to form ATH in rice tissues. In conclusion, exogenous proline-mediated regulation on jasmonate signals was tissue-specific under Cr(VI) stress and a more positive effect was detected in shoots rather than roots.
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Alvarez ME, Savouré A, Szabados L. Proline metabolism as regulatory hub. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 27:39-55. [PMID: 34366236 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2021.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Proline is a multifunctional amino acid that is accumulated in high concentrations in plants under various stress conditions. Proline accumulation is intimately connected to many cellular processes, such as osmotic pressure, energy status, nutrient availability, changes in redox balance, and defenses against pathogens. Proline biosynthesis and catabolism is linked to photosynthesis and mitochondrial respiration, respectively. Proline can function as a signal, modulating gene expression and certain metabolic processes. We review important findings on proline metabolism and function of the last decade, giving a more informative picture about the function of this unusual amino acid in maintaining cellular homeostasis, modulating plant development, and promoting stress acclimation.
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Affiliation(s)
- María E Alvarez
- CIQUIBIC, CONICET, Departamento de Química Biológica Ranwel Caputto, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba X5000HUA, Argentina.
| | - Arnould Savouré
- Sorbonne Université, UPEC, CNRS, IRD, INRAE, Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences of Paris (iEES), Paris, France
| | - László Szabados
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, 6726-Szeged, Hungary.
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35
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Amino Acid Sensing and Assimilation by the Fungal Pathogen Candida albicans in the Human Host. Pathogens 2021; 11:pathogens11010005. [PMID: 35055954 PMCID: PMC8781990 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Nutrient uptake is essential for cellular life and the capacity to perceive extracellular nutrients is critical for coordinating their uptake and metabolism. Commensal fungal pathogens, e.g., Candida albicans, have evolved in close association with human hosts and are well-adapted to using diverse nutrients found in discrete host niches. Human cells that cannot synthesize all amino acids require the uptake of the “essential amino acids” to remain viable. Consistently, high levels of amino acids circulate in the blood. Host proteins are rich sources of amino acids but their use depends on proteases to cleave them into smaller peptides and free amino acids. C. albicans responds to extracellular amino acids by pleiotropically enhancing their uptake and derive energy from their catabolism to power opportunistic virulent growth. Studies using Saccharomyces cerevisiae have established paradigms to understand metabolic processes in C. albicans; however, fundamental differences exist. The advent of CRISPR/Cas9-based methods facilitate genetic analysis in C. albicans, and state-of-the-art molecular biological techniques are being applied to directly examine growth requirements in vivo and in situ in infected hosts. The combination of divergent approaches can illuminate the biological roles of individual cellular components. Here we discuss recent findings regarding nutrient sensing with a focus on amino acid uptake and metabolism, processes that underlie the virulence of C. albicans.
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Lucius S, Makowka A, Michl K, Gutekunst K, Hagemann M. The Entner-Doudoroff Pathway Contributes to Glycogen Breakdown During High to Low CO 2 Shifts in the Cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:787943. [PMID: 34956285 PMCID: PMC8698341 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.787943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Cyanobacteria perform plant-like oxygenic photosynthesis to convert inorganic carbon into organic compounds and can also use internal carbohydrate reserves under specific conditions. A mutant collection with defects in different routes for sugar catabolism was studied to analyze which of them is preferentially used to degrade glycogen reserves in light-exposed cells of Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 shifted from high to low CO2 conditions. Mutants defective in the glycolytic Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas pathway or in the oxidative pentose-phosphate (OPP) pathway showed glycogen levels similar to wild type under high CO2 (HC) conditions and were able to degrade it similarly after shifts to low CO2 (LC) conditions. In contrast, the mutant Δeda, which is defective in the glycolytic Entner-Doudoroff (ED) pathway, accumulated elevated glycogen levels under HC that were more slowly consumed during the LC shift. In consequence, the mutant Δeda showed a lowered ability to respond to the inorganic carbon shifts, displayed a pronounced lack in the reactivation of growth when brought back to HC, and differed significantly in its metabolite composition. Particularly, Δeda accumulated enhanced levels of proline, which is a well-known metabolite to maintain redox balances via NADPH levels in many organisms under stress conditions. We suggest that deletion of eda might promote the utilization of the OPP shunt that dramatically enhance NADPH levels. Collectively, the results point at a major regulatory contribution of the ED pathway for the mobilization of glycogen reserves during rapid acclimation to fluctuating CO2 conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Lucius
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute of Biosciences, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Alexander Makowka
- Department of Biology, Botanical Institute, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Klaudia Michl
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute of Biosciences, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Kirstin Gutekunst
- Department of Biology, Botanical Institute, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
- Department of Molecular Plant Physiology, Bioenergetics in Photoautotrophs, University of Kassel, Kassel, Germany
| | - Martin Hagemann
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute of Biosciences, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
- Interdisciplinary Faculty, Department Life, Light and Matter, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
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Kocourková D, Kroumanová K, Podmanická T, Daněk M, Martinec J. Phospholipase Dα1 Acts as a Negative Regulator of High Mg 2+-Induced Leaf Senescence in Arabidopsis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:770794. [PMID: 34899793 PMCID: PMC8656112 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.770794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Magnesium (Mg2+) is a macronutrient involved in essential cellular processes. Its deficiency or excess is a stress factor for plants, seriously affecting their growth and development and therefore, its accurate regulation is essential. Recently, we discovered that phospholipase Dα1 (PLDα1) activity is vital in the stress response to high-magnesium conditions in Arabidopsis roots. This study shows that PLDα1 acts as a negative regulator of high-Mg2+-induced leaf senescence in Arabidopsis. The level of phosphatidic acid produced by PLDα1 and the amount of PLDα1 in the leaves increase in plants treated with high Mg2+. A knockout mutant of PLDα1 (pldα1-1), exhibits premature leaf senescence under high-Mg2+ conditions. In pldα1-1 plants, higher accumulation of abscisic and jasmonic acid (JA) and impaired magnesium, potassium and phosphate homeostasis were observed under high-Mg2+ conditions. High Mg2+ also led to an increase of starch and proline content in Arabidopsis plants. While the starch content was higher in pldα1-1 plants, proline content was significantly lower in pldα1-1 compared with wild type plants. Our results show that PLDα1 is essential for Arabidopsis plants to cope with the pleiotropic effects of high-Mg2+ stress and delay the leaf senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jan Martinec
- Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
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Liu J, Meng Q, Xiang H, Shi F, Ma L, Li Y, Liu C, Liu Y, Su B. Genome-wide analysis of Dof transcription factors and their response to cold stress in rice (Oryza sativa L.). BMC Genomics 2021; 22:800. [PMID: 34742240 PMCID: PMC8572462 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-08104-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is a food crop for humans worldwide. However, temperature has an effect during the vegetative and reproductive stages. In high-latitude regions where rice is cultivated, cold stress is a major cause of yield loss and plant death. Research has identified a group of plant-specific transcription factors, DNA binding with one zinc fingers (DOFs), with a diverse range of functions, including stress signaling and stress response during plant growth. The aim of this study was to identify Dof genes in two rice subspecies, indica and japonica, and screen for Dof genes that may be involved in cold tolerance during plant growth. Results A total of 30 rice Dofs (OsDofs) were identified using bioinformatics and genome-wide analyses and phylogenetically analyzed. The 30 OsDOFs were classified into six subfamilies, and 24 motifs were identified based on protein sequence alignment. The chromosome locations of OsDofs were determined and nine gene duplication events were identified. A joint phylogenetic analysis was performed on DOF protein sequences obtained from four monocotyledon species to examine the evolutionary relationship of DOF proteins. Expression profiling of OsDofs from two japonica cultivars (Longdao5, which is cold-tolerant, and Longjing11, which is cold-sensitive) revealed that OsDof1 and OsDof19 are cold-inducible genes. We examined the seed setting rates in OsDof1- and OsDof19-overexpression and RNAi lines and found that OsDof1 showed a response to cold stress. Conclusions Our investigation identified OsDof1 as a potential target for genetic breeding of rice with enhanced cold tolerance. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-021-08104-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Liu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 368 Xuefu Road, Nangang District, 150086, Harbin, China
| | - Qinglin Meng
- Institute of Plant Protection, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 368 Xuefu Road, Nangang District, 150086, Harbin, China.
| | - Hongtao Xiang
- Institute of Farming and Cultivation, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 150086, Harbin, China
| | - Fengmei Shi
- Institute of Plant Protection, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 368 Xuefu Road, Nangang District, 150086, Harbin, China
| | - Ligong Ma
- Institute of Plant Protection, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 368 Xuefu Road, Nangang District, 150086, Harbin, China
| | - Yichu Li
- Institute of Plant Protection, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 368 Xuefu Road, Nangang District, 150086, Harbin, China
| | - Chunlai Liu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 368 Xuefu Road, Nangang District, 150086, Harbin, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 368 Xuefu Road, Nangang District, 150086, Harbin, China
| | - Baohua Su
- Institute of Plant Protection, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 368 Xuefu Road, Nangang District, 150086, Harbin, China
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Selim S, AbdElgawad H, Alsharari SS, Atif M, Warrad M, Hagagy N, Madany MMY, Abuelsoud W. Soil enrichment with actinomycete mitigates the toxicity of arsenic oxide nanoparticles on wheat and maize growth and metabolism. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2021; 173:978-992. [PMID: 34237152 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The use of plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) to enhance plant growth and protection against heavy metal toxicity has been extensively studied. However, its potentiality to reduce arsenate toxicity, a threat to plant growth and metabolism, has been hardly investigated. Moreover, the toxic effect of arsenic oxide nanoparticles (As-NPs) on plants and possible mechanisms for its alleviation has not yet been explored. In this study, the impact of the bioactive actinomycete Streptomyces spp. on the growth, physiology and stress-related metabolites, such as sugars and proline, on As-NPs-stressed wheat and maize plants was investigated. Soil amendment with arsenic oxide nanoparticles (As-NPs) induced the uptake and accumulation of As in the plants of both species, resulting in reduced growth and photosynthesis, but less marked in maize than in wheat plants. Under As-NPs-free conditions, Streptomyces spp. treatment markedly improved growth and photosynthesis in wheat only. The application of Streptomyces spp. reduced As accumulation, recovered the As-NPs-induced growth, photosynthesis inhibition, and oxidative damage in plants of both species. Wheat plants specifically accumulated soluble sugars, while both species accumulated proline. Under As-NPs stress, the ornithine pathway of proline biosynthesis was more important in maize than in wheat plants, while the glutamine pathway was dominant in wheat ones. The addition of Streptomyces spp. further induced the accumulation of proline and starch in both plant species. Overall, despite a different response to Streptomyces spp. under nontoxic conditions, the amendment of as-contaminated soil with Streptomyces spp. induced similar metabolic responses in the two tested species, which trigger stress recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samy Selim
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hamada AbdElgawad
- Faculty of Science, Department of Botany and Microbiology, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
- Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Salam S Alsharari
- Department of Biology, Jouf University, College of Science, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Atif
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Jouf University, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mona Warrad
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Jouf University, College of Applied Medical Sciences at Al-Quriat, Al-Quriat, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nashwa Hagagy
- Department of Biology, University of Jeddah, College of Science and Arts at Khulis, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Faculty of Science, Department of Botany, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud M Y Madany
- Faculty of Science, Department of Botany and Microbiology, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
- Department of Biology, Taibah University, College of Science, Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Walid Abuelsoud
- Faculty of Science, Department of Botany and Microbiology, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
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Ambreen S, Athar HUR, Khan A, Zafar ZU, Ayyaz A, Kalaji HM. Seed priming with proline improved photosystem II efficiency and growth of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:502. [PMID: 34717538 PMCID: PMC8557069 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-03273-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Proline can promote growth of plants by increasing photosynthetic activity under both non-stress and abiotic stress conditions. However, its role in non-stressed conditions is least studied. An experiment was conducted to assess as to whether increase in growth of wheat due to seed priming with proline under non-stress condition was associated with proline-induced changes in photosystem II (PSII) activity. Seeds of four wheat varieties (S-24, Sehar-06, Galaxy-13, and Pasban-90) were primed with different concentrations of proline (0, 5, 15 and 25 mM) for 12 h and allowed to grow under normal conditions. Biomass accumulation and photosynthetic performance, being two most sensitive features/indicators of plant growth, were selected to monitor proline modulated changes. RESULTS Seed priming with proline increased the fresh and dry weights of shoots and roots, and plant height of all four wheat varieties. Maximum increase in growth attributes was observed in all four wheat varieties at 15 mM proline. Maximum growth improvement due to proline was found in var. Galaxy-13, whereas the reverse was true for S-24. Moreover, proline treatment changed the Fo, Fm, Fv/Fo, PIABS, PITot in wheat varieties indicating changes in PSII activity. Proline induced changes in energy fluxes for absorption, trapping, electron transport and heat dissipation per reaction center indicated that var. Galaxy-13 had better ability to process absorbed light energy through photosynthetic machinery. Moreover, lesser PSII efficiency in var. S-24 was due to lower energy flux for electron transport and greater energy flux for heat dissipation. This was further supported by the fact that var. S-24 had disturbance at acceptor side of PSI as reflected by reduction in ΔVIP, probability and energy flux for electron transport at the PSI end electron acceptors. CONCLUSION Seed priming with proline improved the growth of wheat varieties, which depends on type of variety and concentration of proline applied. Seed priming with proline significantly changed the PSII activity in wheat varieties, however, its translation in growth improvement depends on potential of processing of absorbed light energy by electron acceptors of electron transport chain, particularly those present at PSI end.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Ambreen
- Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, 40100, Pakistan.
| | | | - Ameer Khan
- Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, 40100, Pakistan
- Department of Botany, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education Lahore, Lahore, Punjab, 54770, Pakistan
| | - Zafar Ullah Zafar
- Department of Botany, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60800, Pakistan
| | - Ahsan Ayyaz
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hazem M Kalaji
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute of Biology, University of Life Sciences SGGW, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
- Institute of Technology and Life Sciences - National Research Institute, Falenty, Al. Hrabska 3, 05-090, Raszyn, Poland
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Zheng Y, Cabassa-Hourton C, Planchais S, Lebreton S, Savouré A. The proline cycle as an eukaryotic redox valve. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:6856-6866. [PMID: 34331757 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The amino acid proline has been known for many years to be a component of proteins as well as an osmolyte. Many recent studies have demonstrated that proline has other roles such as regulating redox balance and energy status. In animals and plants, the well-described proline cycle is concomitantly responsible for the preferential accumulation of proline and shuttling of redox equivalents from the cytosol to mitochondria. The impact of the proline cycle goes beyond regulating proline levels. In this review, we focus on recent evidence of how the proline cycle regulates redox status in relation to other redox shuttles. We discuss how the interconversion of proline and glutamate shuttles reducing power between cellular compartments. Spatial aspects of the proline cycle in the entire plant are considered in terms of proline transport between organs with different metabolic regimes (photosynthesis versus respiration). Furthermore, we highlight the importance of this shuttle in the regulation of energy and redox power in plants, through a particularly intricate coordination, notably between mitochondria and cytosol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Zheng
- Sorbonne Université, UPEC, CNRS, IRD, INRAE, Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences of Paris (iEES), F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Cécile Cabassa-Hourton
- Sorbonne Université, UPEC, CNRS, IRD, INRAE, Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences of Paris (iEES), F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Séverine Planchais
- Sorbonne Université, UPEC, CNRS, IRD, INRAE, Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences of Paris (iEES), F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Sandrine Lebreton
- Sorbonne Université, UPEC, CNRS, IRD, INRAE, Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences of Paris (iEES), F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Arnould Savouré
- Sorbonne Université, UPEC, CNRS, IRD, INRAE, Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences of Paris (iEES), F-75005 Paris, France
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GABA: A Key Player in Drought Stress Resistance in Plants. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221810136. [PMID: 34576299 PMCID: PMC8471019 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221810136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is a non-protein amino acid involved in various physiological processes; it aids in the protection of plants against abiotic stresses, such as drought, heavy metals, and salinity. GABA tends to have a protective effect against drought stress in plants by increasing osmolytes and leaf turgor and reducing oxidative damage via antioxidant regulation. Guard cell GABA production is essential, as it may provide the benefits of reducing stomatal opening and transpiration and controlling the release of tonoplast-localized anion transporter, thus resulting in increased water-use efficiency and drought tolerance. We summarized a number of scientific reports on the role and mechanism of GABA-induced drought tolerance in plants. We also discussed existing insights regarding GABA’s metabolic and signaling functions used to increase plant tolerance to drought stress.
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Mora-Poblete F, Ballesta P, Lobos GA, Molina-Montenegro M, Gleadow R, Ahmar S, Jiménez-Aspee F. Genome-wide association study of cyanogenic glycosides, proline, sugars, and pigments in Eucalyptus cladocalyx after 18 consecutive dry summers. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2021; 172:1550-1569. [PMID: 33511661 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Natural variation of cyanogenic glycosides, soluble sugars, proline, and nondestructive optical sensing of pigments (chlorophyll, flavonols, and anthocyanins) was examined in ex situ natural populations of Eucalyptus cladocalyx F. Muell. grown under dry environmental conditions in the southern Atacama Desert, Chile. After 18 consecutive dry seasons, considerable plant-to-plant phenotypic variation for all the traits was observed in the field. For example, leaf hydrogen cyanide (HCN) concentrations varied from 0 (two acyanogenic individuals) to 1.54 mg cyanide g-1 DW. Subsequent genome-wide association study revealed associations with several genes with a known function in plants. HCN content was associated robustly with genes encoding Cytochrome P450 proteins, and with genes involved in the detoxification mechanism of HCN in cells (β-cyanoalanine synthase and cyanoalanine nitrilase). Another important finding was that sugars, proline, and pigment content were linked to genes involved in transport, biosynthesis, and/or catabolism. Estimates of genomic heritability (based on haplotypes) ranged between 0.46 and 0.84 (HCN and proline content, respectively). Proline and soluble sugars had the highest predictive ability of genomic prediction models (PA = 0.65 and PA = 0.71, respectively). PA values for HCN content and flavonols were relatively moderate, with estimates ranging from 0.44 to 0.50. These findings provide new understanding on the genetic architecture of cyanogenic capacity, and other key complex traits in cyanogenic E. cladocalyx.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paulina Ballesta
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Gustavo A Lobos
- Plant Breeding and Phenomic Center, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Marco Molina-Montenegro
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
- Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Zonas Áridas (CEAZA), Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile
| | - Roslyn Gleadow
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sunny Ahmar
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
- College of Plant Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Felipe Jiménez-Aspee
- Department of Food Biofunctionality, Institute of Nutritional Sciences, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
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Integrated Application of Selenium and Silicon Enhances Growth and Anatomical Structure, Antioxidant Defense System and Yield of Wheat Grown in Salt-Stressed Soil. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10061040. [PMID: 34064224 PMCID: PMC8224300 DOI: 10.3390/plants10061040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Selenium (Se) and silicon (Si) are considered advantageous elements to induce plants’ tolerance to various environmental stresses. Wheat yield is negatively affected by salinity stress, especially in dry and semi-dry areas. Therefore, the objective of the current study was to investigate the effects of Se, Si and their combinations (0 as control, Se15, Se30, Si15, Si30, Se15 + Si15, and Se30 + Si30 mM) in alleviating the deleterious effects of salinity stress (7.61 dS m−1, real field conditions) on anatomical characteristics as well as the physio-biochemical and productivity parameters of wheat plants. The selenium and silicon treatments and their combinations caused significant amelioration in growth, anatomical and physiological attributes, and grain yields of salinity-stressed wheat in comparison with the untreated plants (control treatment). The integrated application of Se30 + Si30 significantly increased plant growth (i.e., plant height 28.24%, number of tillers m−2 76.81%, fresh weight plant−1 80.66%, and dry weight plant−1 79.65%), Fv/Fm (44.78%), performance index (PI; 60.45%), membrane stability index (MSI; 36.39%), relative water content (RWC; 29.39%), total soluble sugars (TSS; 53.38%), proline (33.74%), enzymatic antioxidants (i.e., CAT activity by 14.45%, GR activity by 67.5%, SOD activity by 35.37% and APX activity by 39.25%) and non-enzymatic antioxidants (i.e., GSH content by 117.5%, AsA content by 52.32%), yield and its components (i.e., number of spikelets spike−1 29.55%, 1000-grain weight 48.73% and grain yield ha−1 26.44%). The anatomical traits of stem and leaves were improved in wheat plants treated with Se30 + Si30. These changes resulting from the exogenous applications of Se, Si or their combinations, in turn, make these elements prospective in helping wheat plants to acclimate successfully to saline soil.
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Wang P, Lu S, Zhang X, Hyden B, Qin L, Liu L, Bai Y, Han Y, Wen Z, Xu J, Cao H, Chen H. Double NCED isozymes control ABA biosynthesis for ripening and senescent regulation in peach fruits. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 304:110739. [PMID: 33568291 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2020.110739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
During ripening, peach fruits (Prunus persica L. Batsch) rapidly progress to the senescent stage, resulting in a brief shelf life. Abscisic acid (ABA) plays an important role in regulating the ripening process, both in climacteric and non-climacteric fruits. A key enzyme for ABA biosynthesis in higher plants is 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase (NCED). In this study, two NCED isozymes, PpNCED1 and PpNCED5, were identified in peach fruits. While both NCED genes had similar transcriptional patterns (up-regulation) at the beginning of peach ripening, PpNCED5 showed a consistently lower expression level than PpNCED1. During the post-harvest stage, gene expression of PpNCED1 declined, while PpNCED5 expression increased relative to PpNCED1 expression. Considering the dynamic process of ABA accumulation during fruit ripening and senescence in peach, this study indicates that both NCED genes cooperatively control ABA biosynthesis in peach fruits. Moreover, spatio-temporal expression and transcriptional response to hormone and abiotic stress suggested that there is functional divergence between PpNCED1 and PpNCED5 genes in peach. A carotenoid-rich callus system was used to verify the function of PpNCED1 and PpNCED5. In the transgenic callus system, both PpNCED1 and PpNCED5 isozymes promoted ABA biosynthesis, which likely accelerated cell senescence through activating ROS signals. The results from this study provide evidence supporting an ABA biosynthetic regulation process via the two NCED genes in peach fruit, and suggest a mechanism of ABA-induced fruit ripening and senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Wang
- College of Horticulture, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding, Hebei, 071000, China
| | - Siyuan Lu
- College of Horticulture, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding, Hebei, 071000, China
| | - Xueying Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding, Hebei, 071000, China
| | - Brennan Hyden
- Horticulture Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Cornell AgriTech, Geneva, NY, USA
| | - Lijie Qin
- Wei County Comprehensive Vocational and Technical Education Center, HanDan, Hebei, 056000, China
| | - Lipeng Liu
- College of Horticulture, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding, Hebei, 071000, China
| | - Yangyang Bai
- College of Horticulture, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding, Hebei, 071000, China
| | - Yan Han
- College of Horticulture, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding, Hebei, 071000, China
| | - Zhiliang Wen
- College of Horticulture, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding, Hebei, 071000, China
| | - Jizhong Xu
- College of Horticulture, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding, Hebei, 071000, China
| | - Hongbo Cao
- College of Horticulture, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding, Hebei, 071000, China.
| | - Haijiang Chen
- College of Horticulture, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding, Hebei, 071000, China.
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Ding Z, Ericksen RE, Lee QY, Han W. Reprogramming of mitochondrial proline metabolism promotes liver tumorigenesis. Amino Acids 2021; 53:1807-1815. [PMID: 33646427 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-021-02961-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Dysregulated cellular energetics has recently been recognized as a hallmark of cancer and garnered attention as a potential targeting strategy for cancer therapeutics. Cancer cells reprogram metabolic activities to meet bio-energetic, biosynthetic and redox requirements needed to sustain indefinite proliferation. In many cases, metabolic reprogramming is the result of complex interactions between genetic alterations in well-known oncogenes and tumor suppressors and epigenetic changes. While the metabolism of the two most abundant nutrients, glucose and glutamine, is reprogrammed in a wide range of cancers, accumulating evidence demonstrates that additional metabolic pathways are also critical for cell survival and growth. Proline metabolism is one such metabolic pathway that promotes tumorigenesis in multiple cancer types, including liver cancer, which is the fourth main cause of cancer mortality in the world. Despite the recent spate of approved treatments, including targeted therapy and combined immunotherapies, there has been no significant gain in clinical benefits in the majority of liver cancer patients. Thus, exploring novel therapeutic strategies and identifying new molecular targets remains a top priority for liver cancer. Two of the enzymes in the proline biosynthetic pathway, pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase (PYCR1) and Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 18 Family Member A1 (ALDH18A1), are upregulated in liver cancer of both human and animal models, while proline catabolic enzymes, such as proline dehydrogenase (PRODH) are downregulated. Here we review the latest evidence linking proline metabolism to liver and other cancers and potential mechanisms of action for the proline pathway in cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaobing Ding
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), #02-02 Helios, 11 Biopolis Way, Singapore, 138667, Singapore
| | - Russell E Ericksen
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), #02-02 Helios, 11 Biopolis Way, Singapore, 138667, Singapore
| | - Qian Yi Lee
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), #02-02 Helios, 11 Biopolis Way, Singapore, 138667, Singapore
| | - Weiping Han
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), #02-02 Helios, 11 Biopolis Way, Singapore, 138667, Singapore.
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Iqbal Z, Sarkhosh A, Balal RM, Gómez C, Zubair M, Ilyas N, Khan N, Shahid MA. Silicon Alleviate Hypoxia Stress by Improving Enzymatic and Non-enzymatic Antioxidants and Regulating Nutrient Uptake in Muscadine Grape ( Muscadinia rotundifolia Michx.). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 11:618873. [PMID: 33643333 PMCID: PMC7902783 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.618873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Flooding induces low oxygen (hypoxia) stress to plants, and this scenario is mounting due to hurricanes followed by heavy rains, especially in subtropical regions. Hypoxia stress results in the reduction of green pigments, gas exchange (stomatal conductance and internal CO2 concentration), and photosynthetic activity in the plant leaves. In addition, hypoxia stress causes oxidative damage by accelerating lipid peroxidation due to the hyperproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in leaf and root tissues. Furthermore, osmolyte accumulation and antioxidant activity increase, whereas micronutrient uptake decreases under hypoxia stress. Plant physiology and development get severely compromised by hypoxia stress. This investigation was, therefore, aimed at appraising the effects of regular silicon (Si) and Si nanoparticles (SiNPs) to mitigate hypoxia stress in muscadine (Muscadinia rotundifolia Michx.) plants. Our results demonstrated that hypoxia stress reduced muscadine plants' growth by limiting the production of root and shoot dry biomass, whereas the root zone application of both Si and SiNP effectively mitigated oxidative and osmotic cell damage. Compared to Si, SiNP yielded better efficiency by improving the activity of enzymatic antioxidants [including superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT)], non-enzymatic antioxidants [ascorbic acid (AsA) and glutathione contents], and accumulation of organic osmolytes [proline and glycinebetaine (GB)]. SiNP also regulated the nutrient profile of the plants by increasing N, P, K, and Zn contents while limiting Mn and Fe concentration to a less toxic level. A negative correlation between antioxidant activities and lipid peroxidation rates was observed in SiNP-treated plants under hypoxia stress. Conclusively, SiNP-treated plants combat hypoxia more efficiently stress than conventional Si by boosting antioxidant activities, osmoprotectant accumulation, and micronutrient regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zafar Iqbal
- Central Laboratories, King Faisal University, Al-Hofuf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Sarkhosh
- Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Rashad Mukhtar Balal
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Celina Gómez
- Environmental Horticulture Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Muhammad Zubair
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Noshin Ilyas
- Department of Botany, Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Naeem Khan
- Agronomy Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Muhammad Adnan Shahid
- Department of Agriculture, Nutrition and Food Systems, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, United States
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Zulfiqar F, Ashraf M. Bioregulators: unlocking their potential role in regulation of the plant oxidative defense system. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 105:11-41. [PMID: 32990920 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-020-01077-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Plant bioregulators play an important role in managing oxidative stress tolerance in plants. Utilizing their ability in stress sensitive crops through genetic engineering will be a meaningful approach to manage food production under the threat of climate change. Exploitation of the plant defense system against oxidative stress to engineer tolerant plants in the climate change scenario is a sustainable and meaningful strategy. Plant bioregulators (PBRs), which are important biotic factors, are known to play a vital role not only in the development of plants, but also in inducing tolerance in plants against various environmental extremes. These bioregulators include auxins, gibberellins, cytokinins, abscisic acid, brassinosteroids, polyamines, strigolactones, and ascorbic acid and provide protection against the oxidative stress-associated reactive oxygen species through modulation or activation of a plant's antioxidant system. Therefore, exploitation of their functioning and accumulation is of considerable significance for the development of plants more tolerant of harsh environmental conditions in order to tackle the issue of food security under the threat of climate change. Therefore, this review summarizes a new line of evidence that how PBRs act as inducers of oxidative stress resistance in plants and how they could be modulated in transgenic crops via introgression of genes. Reactive oxygen species production during oxidative stress events and their neutralization through an efficient antioxidants system is comprehensively detailed. Further, the use of exogenously applied PBRs in the induction of oxidative stress resistance is discussed. Recent advances in engineering transgenic plants with modified PBR gene expression to exploit the plant defense system against oxidative stress are discussed from an agricultural perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faisal Zulfiqar
- Institute of Horticultural Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
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Alamri S, Hu Y, Mukherjee S, Aftab T, Fahad S, Raza A, Ahmad M, Siddiqui MH. Silicon-induced postponement of leaf senescence is accompanied by modulation of antioxidative defense and ion homeostasis in mustard (Brassica juncea) seedlings exposed to salinity and drought stress. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2020; 157:47-59. [PMID: 33075710 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.09.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Soil salinity and drought stress (DS) are the massive problem for worldwide agriculture. Both stresses together become more toxic to the plant growth and development. Silicon (Si) being the second most abundant element in the earth's crust, exerts beneficial effects on plants under both stress and non-stress conditions. However, limited information is available to substantiate the beneficial role of Si in delaying the premature leaf senescence and imparting tolerance of mustard (Brassica juncea L.) plants to salinity and DS. Therefore, the present study aimed to explore the role of Si (source K2SiO3) in chlorophyll (Chl) biosynthesis, nutrients uptake, relative water content (RWC), proline (Pro) metabolism, antioxidant system and delaying of premature leaf senescence in mustard plants under sodium chloride (NaCl) and DS conditions. Results of this study show that exogenous Si (1.7 mM) significantly delayed the salt plus DS-induced premature leaf senescence. This was further accompanied by the enhanced nutrients accumulation and activity of chlorophyll metabolizing enzymes [δ-aminolevulinic acid (δ-ALA) dehydratase and porphobilinogen deaminase] and levels of δ-ALA, and Chls a and b and also by decreased the Chl degradation and Chl degrading enzymes (Chlorophyllase, Chl-degrading peroxidase, pheophytinase) activity. Exogenous Si treatment induced redox homoeostasis in B. juncea L. plants, which is evident by a reduced generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) resulting due to suppressed activity of their generating enzymes (glycolate oxidase and NADPH oxidase) and enhanced defence system. Furthermore, application of Si inhibited the activity of protease and triggered the activity of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase and glutathione reductase) and plasma membrane H+-ATPase activity. In conclusion, all these results reveal that Si could help in the modulation of Chl metabolism, redox hemostasis, and the regulation of nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus, Si and potassium) uptake in the mustard plants that lead to the postponement of premature leaf senescence under salinity plus DS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saud Alamri
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 2455, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yanbo Hu
- Northeast Forestry University, 26# Hexing Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin City, 150040, PR China
| | - Soumya Mukherjee
- Department of Botany, Jangipur College, University of Kalyani, West Bengal, 742213, India
| | - Tariq Aftab
- Department of Botany, Plant Physiology Section, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India
| | - Shah Fahad
- Department of Agronomy, The University of Haripur, 22620, Haripur, Pakistan; Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresource, College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Ali Raza
- Key Lab of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Manzoor Ahmad
- Department of Agriculture, Bacha Khan University, Charsadda, Pakistan
| | - Manzer H Siddiqui
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 2455, Saudi Arabia.
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Yan ZQ, Tan J, Guo K, Yao LG. Phytotoxic mechanism of allelochemical liquiritin on root growth of lettuce seedlings. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2020; 15:1795581. [PMID: 32693669 PMCID: PMC8550531 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2020.1795581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
As the main active ingredient of the traditional Chinese medicine Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch, liquiritin has multiple biological activities, including anti-inflammatory, antihepatotoxicity, immune regulation, anti-virus and anti-cancer. In addition, liquiritin has been recognized as an allelochemical that displays markedly inhibitory effects on the growth of target plants, G. uralensis and lettuce. However, its phytotoxic mechanism remains unknown. In the present study, the mode of action of liquiritin against root growth of lettuce seedling was researched. After treatments with liquiritin, the cell division in root tips of lettuce seedlings was partly arrested, and the cell viability and root vitality were obviously lost. At the same time, overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA) and proline (Pro) in lettuce seedlings were induced by liquiritin. The results indicated that the phytotoxic effects of liquiritin was probably dependent on the induction of ROS overproduction, resulting in membrane lipids peroxidation following with cell death and mitosis process disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Qiang Yan
- Henan Provincal Engineering and Technology Center of Health Products for Livestock and Poultry, Key Laboratory of Ecological Security and Collaborative Innovation Centre of Water Security for Water Source Region of Mid-line of South-to-North Diversion Project of Henan Province, School of Agricultural Engineering, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, China
| | - Jing Tan
- School of Economics and Management, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, China
| | - Kai Guo
- School of Chemistry and Pharmacy Engineering, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, China
| | - Lun-Guang Yao
- Henan Provincal Engineering and Technology Center of Health Products for Livestock and Poultry, Key Laboratory of Ecological Security and Collaborative Innovation Centre of Water Security for Water Source Region of Mid-line of South-to-North Diversion Project of Henan Province, School of Agricultural Engineering, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, China
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