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Hu J, Zhu T, Yao C, Hao C, Yan H, Pu Z, Ma W, Gao B, Gao H, Kong L, Zhang H, Wang J. PaMYB11 promotes suberin deposition in Norway spruce embryogenic tissue during cryopreservation: A novel resistance mechanism against osmosis. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024. [PMID: 38990506 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
The osmotic resistance mechanism has been extensively studied in whole plants or plant tissues. However, little is known about it in embryogenic tissue (ET) which is widely used in plant-based biotechnological systems. Suberin, a cell wall aliphatic and aromatic heteropolymer, plays a critical role in plant cells against osmosis stress. The suberin regulatory biosynthesis has rarely been studied in gymnosperms. Here, PaMYB11, a subgroup 11 R2R3-MYB transcription factor, plays a key role in the osmotic resistance of Norway spruce (Picea abies) ETs during cryoprotectant pretreatment. Thus, RNA-seq, histological, and analytical chemical analyses are performed on the stable transformations of PaMYB11-OE and PaMYB11-SRDX in Norway spruce ETs. DAP-seq, Y1H, and LUC are further combined to explore the PaMYB11 targets. Activation of PaMYB11 is necessary and sufficient for suberin lamellae deposition on Norway spruce embryogenic cell walls, which plays a decisive role in ET survival under osmotic stress. Transcriptome analysis shows that PaMYB11 enhances suberin lamellae monomer synthesis by promoting very long-chain fatty acid (VLCFA) synthesis. PaPOP, PaADH1, and PaTET8L, the first two (PaADH1 and PaPOP, included) involved in VLCFA synthesis, are proved to be the direct targets of PaMYB11. Our study identified a novel osmotic response directed by PaMYB11 in Norway spruce ET, which provides a new understanding of the resistance mechanism against osmosis in gymnosperms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiwen Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Tianqing Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Chengcheng Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Chunhui Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Huiling Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Ziyan Pu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Wenjun Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Benwang Gao
- Management Office of Three Gorges Botanical Garden, Yichang, Hubei, 443111, China
| | - Han Gao
- Management Office of Three Gorges Botanical Garden, Yichang, Hubei, 443111, China
| | - Lisheng Kong
- Department of Biology, Centre for Forest Biology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Hanguo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding (Northeast Forestry University), Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Junhui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China
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Weerawanich K, Sirikantaramas S. Unveiling phenylpropanoid regulation: the role of DzMYB activator and repressor in durian (Durio zibethinus) fruit. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2024; 43:179. [PMID: 38913159 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-024-03267-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE DzMYB2 functions as an MYB activator, while DzMYB3 acts as an MYB repressor. They bind to promoters, interact with DzbHLH1, and influence phenolic contents, revealing their roles in phenylpropanoid regulation in durian pulps. Durian fruit has a high nutritional value attributed to its enriched bioactive compounds, including phenolics, carotenoids, and vitamins. While various transcription factors (TFs) regulate phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, MYB (v-myb avian myeloblastosis viral oncogene homolog) TFs have emerged as pivotal players in regulating key genes within this pathway. This study aimed to identify additional candidate MYB TFs from the transcriptome database of the Monthong cultivar at five developmental/postharvest ripening stages. Candidate transcriptional activators were discerned among MYBs upregulated during the ripe stage based on the positive correlation observed between flavonoid biosynthetic genes and flavonoid contents in ripe durian pulps. Conversely, MYBs downregulated during the ripe stage were considered candidate repressors. This study focused on a candidate MYB activator (DzMYB2) and a candidate MYB repressor (DzMYB3) for functional characterization. LC-MS/MS analysis using Nicotiana benthamiana leaves transiently expressing DzMYB2 revealed increased phenolic compound contents compared with those in leaves expressing green fluorescence protein controls, while those transiently expressing DzMYB3 showed decreased phenolic compound contents. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that DzMYB2 controls phenylpropanoid biosynthesis in durian by regulating the promoters of various biosynthetic genes, including phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), chalcone synthase (CHS), chalcone isomerase (CHI), and dihydroflavonol reductase (DFR). Meanwhile, DzMYB3 regulates the promoters of PAL, 4-coumaroyl-CoA ligase (4CL), CHS, and CHI, resulting in the activation and repression of gene expression. Moreover, it was discovered that DzMYB2 and DzMYB3 could bind to another TF, DzbHLH1, in the regulation of flavonoid biosynthesis. These findings enhance our understanding of the pivotal role of MYB proteins in regulating the phenylpropanoid pathway in durian pulps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamonwan Weerawanich
- Center of Excellence in Molecular Crop, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Supaart Sirikantaramas
- Center of Excellence in Molecular Crop, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
- Omics Sciences and Bioinformatics Center, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
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Zhou T, Xing Q, Bu J, Han W, Shen Z. Integrated metabolomic and transcriptomic analysis reveals the regulatory mechanisms of flavonoid and alkaloid biosynthesis in the new and old leaves of Murraya tetramera Huang. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:499. [PMID: 38840069 PMCID: PMC11151518 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-05066-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Murraya tetramera Huang is a traditional Chinese woody medicine. Its leaves contain flavonoids, alkaloids, and other active compounds, which have anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects, as well as hypoglycemic and lipid-lowering effects, and anti-tumor effects. There are significant differences in the content of flavonoids and alkaloids in leaves during different growth cycles, but the synthesis mechanism is still unclear. RESULTS In April 2021, new leaves (one month old) and old leaves (one and a half years old) of M. tetramera were used as experimental materials to systematically analyze the changes in differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs) with transcriptomics and metabolomics technology. This was done to identify the signaling pathways of flavonoid and alkaloid synthesis. The results showed that the contents of total alkaloids and flavonoids in old leaves were significantly higher than those in new leaves. Thirteen flavonoid compounds, three isoflavone compounds, and nineteen alkaloid compounds were identified, and 125 and 48 DEGs related to flavonoid and alkaloid synthesis were found, respectively. By constructing the KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) network of DEGs and DAMs, it was shown that the molecular mechanism of flavonoid biosynthesis in M. tetramera mainly focuses on the "flavonoid biosynthetic pathway" and the "flavonoid and flavonol biosynthetic pathway". Among them, p-Coumaryl alcohol, Sinapyl alcohol, Phloretin, and Isoquercitrin were significantly accumulated in old leaves, the up-regulated expression of CCR (cinnamoyl-CoA reductase) might promote the accumulation of p-Coumaryl alcohol, upregulation of F5H (ferulate-5-hydroxylase) might promote Sinapyl alcohol accumulation. Alkaloids, including indole alkaloids, pyridine alkaloids, imidazole alkaloids, and quinoline alkaloids, were significantly accumulated in old leaves, and a total of 29 genes were associated with these substances. CONCLUSIONS These data are helpful to better understand the biosynthesis of flavonoids and alkaloids in M. tetramera and provide a scientific basis for the development of medicinal components in M. tetramera.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhou
- College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, No.498, South Shaoshan Road, Changsha, 410004, Hunan Province, China
| | - Qinqin Xing
- College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, No.498, South Shaoshan Road, Changsha, 410004, Hunan Province, China
| | - Jiahao Bu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, No.498, South Shaoshan Road, Changsha, 410004, Hunan Province, China
| | - Wenjun Han
- College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, No.498, South Shaoshan Road, Changsha, 410004, Hunan Province, China.
| | - Zhiguo Shen
- Henan Academy of Forestry, Zhengzhou, 450008, Henan Province, China.
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Huang Y, Li W, Jiao S, Huang J, Chen B. MdMYB66 Is Associated with Anthocyanin Biosynthesis via the Activation of the MdF3H Promoter in the Fruit Skin of an Apple Bud Mutant. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16871. [PMID: 38069191 PMCID: PMC10706036 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Skin color is an important trait that is mainly determined by the content and composition of anthocyanins in apples. In this study, a new bud mutant (RM) from 'Oregon Spur II' (OS) of Red Delicious apple was obtained to reveal the mechanism underlying red color formation. Results showed that the total anthocyanin content in RM was significantly higher than that in OS with the development of fruit. Through widely-targeted metabolomics, we found that cyanidin-3-O-galactoside was significantly accumulated in the fruit skin of RM. Transcriptome analysis revealed that the structural gene MdF3H and MdMYB66 transcription factor were significantly up-regulated in the mutant. Overexpression of MdMYB66 in apple fruit and apple callus significantly promoted anthocyanin accumulation and significantly increased the expression level of MdMYB66 and structural genes related to anthocyanin synthesis. Y1H and LUC analysis verified that MdMYB66 could specifically bind to the promoter of MdF3H. The results of the double luciferase activity test showed that MdMYB66 activated MdF3H 3.8 times, which led to increased anthocyanin contents. This might explain the phenotype of red color in RM at the early stage. Taken together, these results suggested that MdMYB66 was involved in regulating the anthocyanin metabolic pathways through precise regulation of gene expression. The functional characterization of MdMYB66 provides insight into the biosynthesis and regulation of anthocyanins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaping Huang
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (Y.H.); (W.L.); (S.J.); (J.H.)
- Tianshui Institute of Pomology, Tianshui 741002, China
| | - Wenfang Li
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (Y.H.); (W.L.); (S.J.); (J.H.)
| | - Shuzhen Jiao
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (Y.H.); (W.L.); (S.J.); (J.H.)
| | - Juanjuan Huang
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (Y.H.); (W.L.); (S.J.); (J.H.)
| | - Baihong Chen
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (Y.H.); (W.L.); (S.J.); (J.H.)
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Zumajo-Cardona C, Gabrieli F, Anire J, Albertini E, Ezquer I, Colombo L. Evolutionary studies of the bHLH transcription factors belonging to MBW complex: their role in seed development. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2023; 132:383-400. [PMID: 37467144 PMCID: PMC10667011 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcad097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The MBW complex consist of proteins belonging to three major families (MYB, bHLH and WDR) involved in various processes throughout plant development: epidermal cell development, mucilage secretory cells and flavonoid biosynthesis. Recently, it has been reported that TT8, encoding a bHLH transcription factor, is involved in the biosynthesis of flavonoids in the seed coat and it also plays a role in bypassing the postzygotic barrier resulting from an unbalance in genetic loads of the parental lines. Here, we focus on the functional evolution, in seed development, of the bHLH proteins that are part of the MBW complex, complemented with a literature review. METHODS Phylogenetic analyses performed across seed plants and expression analyses in the reproductive tissues of four selected angiosperms (Arabidopsis thaliana, Brassica napus, Capsella rubella and Solanum lycopersicum) allow us to hypothesize on the evolution of its functions. KEY RESULTS TT8 expression in the innermost layer of the seed coat is conserved in the selected angiosperms. However, except for Arabidopsis, TT8 is also expressed in ovules, carpels and fruits. The homologues belonging to the sister clade of TT8, EGL3/GL3, involved in trichome development, are expressed in the outermost layer of the seed coat, suggesting potential roles in mucilage. CONCLUSIONS The ancestral function of these genes appears to be flavonoid biosynthesis, and the conservation of TT8 expression patterns in the innermost layer of the seed coat in angiosperms suggests that their function in postzygotic barriers might also be conserved. Moreover, the literature review and the results of the present study suggest a sophisticated association, linking the mechanisms of action of these genes to the cross-communication activity between the different tissues of the seed. Thus, it provides avenues to study the mechanisms of action of TT8 in the postzygotic triploid block, which is crucial because it impacts seed development in unbalanced crosses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Zumajo-Cardona
- Department of BioScience, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Flavio Gabrieli
- Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, Borgo XX Giugno 74, Perugia, Italy
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale DII, University of Padua, via Gradenigo, 6/a, Padova, Italy
| | - Jovannemar Anire
- Department of BioScience, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milano, Italy
- Wageningen UR Plant Breeding, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, NL-6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
- National Coconut Research Center – Visayas, Visayas State University, Baybay City, Leyte, Philippines
| | - Emidio Albertini
- Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, Borgo XX Giugno 74, Perugia, Italy
| | - Ignacio Ezquer
- Department of BioScience, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Lucia Colombo
- Department of BioScience, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milano, Italy
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Li H, Zhang D, Fu Q, Wang S, Zhang X, Lin Z, Wang Z, Song J, Su Z, Xue V, Liu S, Chen Y, Zhou L, Zhao N, Lu D. WDR54 exerts oncogenic roles in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Cancer Sci 2023. [PMID: 37302808 PMCID: PMC10394158 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
WDR54 has been recently identified as a novel oncogene in colorectal and bladder cancers. However, the expression and function of WDR54 in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) were not reported. In this study, we investigated the expression of WDR54 in T-ALL, as well as its function in T-ALL pathogenesis using cell lines and T-ALL xenograft. Bioinformatics analysis indicated high mRNA expression of WDR54 in T-ALL. We further confirmed that the expression of WDR54 was significantly elevated in T-ALL. Depletion of WDR54 dramatically inhibited cell viability and induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at S phase in T-ALL cells in vitro. Moreover, knockdown of WDR54 impeded the process of leukemogenesis in a Jurkat xenograft model in vivo. Mechanistically, the expression of PDPK1, phospho-AKT (p-AKT), total AKT, phospho-ERK (p-ERK), Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL were downregulated, while cleaved caspase-3 and cleaved caspase-9 were upregulated in T-ALL cells with WDR54 knockdown. Additionally, RNA-seq analysis indicated that WDR54 might regulate the expression of some oncogenic genes involved in multiple signaling pathways. Taken together, these findings suggest that WDR54 may be involved in the pathogenesis of T-ALL and serve as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of T-ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, International Cancer Center, Marshall Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Pharmacology, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Danlan Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, International Cancer Center, Marshall Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Pharmacology, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qiuxia Fu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, International Cancer Center, Marshall Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Pharmacology, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shang Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Cure of Metabolic Diseases, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, International Cancer Center, Marshall Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Pharmacology, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhixian Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, International Cancer Center, Marshall Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Pharmacology, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhongyuan Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, International Cancer Center, Marshall Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Pharmacology, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jiaxing Song
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, International Cancer Center, Marshall Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Pharmacology, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zijie Su
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, International Cancer Center, Marshall Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Pharmacology, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen, China
| | - VivianWeiwen Xue
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, International Cancer Center, Marshall Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Pharmacology, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shanshan Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, International Cancer Center, Marshall Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Pharmacology, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yun Chen
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Liang Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, International Cancer Center, Marshall Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Pharmacology, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Na Zhao
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Desheng Lu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, International Cancer Center, Marshall Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Pharmacology, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen, China
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Kajla M, Roy A, Singh IK, Singh A. Regulation of the regulators: Transcription factors controlling biosynthesis of plant secondary metabolites during biotic stresses and their regulation by miRNAs. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1126567. [PMID: 36938003 PMCID: PMC10017880 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1126567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Biotic stresses threaten to destabilize global food security and cause major losses to crop yield worldwide. In response to pest and pathogen attacks, plants trigger many adaptive cellular, morphological, physiological, and metabolic changes. One of the crucial stress-induced adaptive responses is the synthesis and accumulation of plant secondary metabolites (PSMs). PSMs mitigate the adverse effects of stress by maintaining the normal physiological and metabolic functioning of the plants, thereby providing stress tolerance. This differential production of PSMs is tightly orchestrated by master regulatory elements, Transcription factors (TFs) express differentially or undergo transcriptional and translational modifications during stress conditions and influence the production of PSMs. Amongst others, microRNAs, a class of small, non-coding RNA molecules that regulate gene expression post-transcriptionally, also play a vital role in controlling the expression of many such TFs. The present review summarizes the role of stress-inducible TFs in synthesizing and accumulating secondary metabolites and also highlights how miRNAs fine-tune the differential expression of various stress-responsive transcription factors during biotic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohini Kajla
- Department of Botany, Hansraj College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Amit Roy
- Excellent Team for Mitigation (ETM), Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czechia
| | - Indrakant K. Singh
- Department of Zoology, Deshbandhu College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Archana Singh
- Department of Botany, Hansraj College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
- Jagdish Chandra Bose Center for Plant Genomics, Hansraj College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
- Delhi School of Climate Change and Sustainability, Institution of Eminence, Maharishi Karnad Bhawan, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
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Genetic diversity and local adaption of alfalfa populations (Medicago sativa L.) under long-term grazing. Sci Rep 2023; 13:1632. [PMID: 36717619 PMCID: PMC9886962 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-28521-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Genomic information on alfalfa adaptation to long-term grazing is useful for alfalfa genetic improvement. In this study, 14 alfalfa populations were collected from long-term grazing sites (> 25 years) across four soil zones in western Canada. Alfalfa cultivars released between 1926 and 1980 were used to compare degree of genetic variation of the 14 populations. Six agro-morphological and three nutritive value traits were evaluated from 2018 to 2020. The genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) data of the alfalfa populations and environmental data were used for genotype-environment association (GEA). Both STRUCTURE and UPGMA based on 19,853 SNPs showed that the 14 alfalfa populations from long-term grazing sites had varying levels of parentages from alfalfa sub-species Medicago sativa and M. falcata. The linear regression of STRUCTURE membership probability on phenotypic data indicated genetic variations of forage dry matter yield, spring vigor and plant height were low, but genetic variations of regrowth, fall plant height, days to flower and crude protein were still high for the 14 alfalfa populations from long-term grazing sites. The GEA identified 31 SNPs associated with 13 candidate genes that were mainly associated with six environmental factors of. Candidate genes underlying environmental factors were associated with a variety of proteins, which were involved in plant responses to abiotic stresses, i.e., drought, cold and salinity-alkali stresses.
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Wang Y, Yin H, Long Z, Zhu W, Yin J, Song X, Li C. DhMYB2 and DhbHLH1 regulates anthocyanin accumulation via activation of late biosynthesis genes in Phalaenopsis-type Dendrobium. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1046134. [PMID: 36457536 PMCID: PMC9705975 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1046134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Phalaenopsis-type Dendrobium is a popular orchid with good ornamental and market value. Despite their popularity, molecular regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis during flower development remains poorly understood. In this study, we systematically investigated the regulatory roles of the transcription factors DhMYB2 and DhbHLH1 in anthocyanins biosynthesis. Gene expression analyses indicated that both DhMYB2 and DhbHLH1 are specifically expressed in flowers and have similar expression patterns, showing high expression in purple floral tissues with anthocyanin accumulation. Transcriptomic analyses showed 29 differentially expressed genes corresponding to eight enzymes in anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway have similar expression patterns to DhMYB2 and DhbHLH1, with higher expression in the purple lips than the yellow petals and sepals of Dendrobium 'Suriya Gold'. Further gene expression analyses and Pearson correlation matrix analyses of Dendrobium hybrid progenies revealed expression profiles of DhMYB2 and DhbHLH1 were positively correlated with the structural genes DhF3'H1, DhF3'5'H2, DhDFR, DhANS, and DhGT4. Yeast one-hybrid and dual-luciferase reporter assays revealed DhMYB2 and DhbHLH1 can bind to promoter regions of DhF3'H1, DhF3'5'H2, DhDFR, DhANS and DhGT4, suggesting a role as transcriptional activators. These results provide new evidence of the molecular mechanisms of DhMYB2 and DhbHLH1 in anthocyanin biosynthesis in Phalaenopsis-type Dendrobium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yachen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Germplasm Innovation of Tropical Special Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants (Ministry of Education), School of Forestry, School of Life Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Hantai Yin
- Haikou Experimental Station, Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement in Southern China, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Tropical Crops Germplasm Resources Genetic Improvement and Innovation of Hainan Province, Haikou, China
- The Engineering Technology Research Center of Tropical Ornamental Plant Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Danzhou, China
| | - Zongxing Long
- Haikou Experimental Station, Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement in Southern China, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Tropical Crops Germplasm Resources Genetic Improvement and Innovation of Hainan Province, Haikou, China
- The Engineering Technology Research Center of Tropical Ornamental Plant Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Danzhou, China
| | - Wenjuan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Germplasm Innovation of Tropical Special Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants (Ministry of Education), School of Forestry, School of Life Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Junmei Yin
- Haikou Experimental Station, Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement in Southern China, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Tropical Crops Germplasm Resources Genetic Improvement and Innovation of Hainan Province, Haikou, China
- The Engineering Technology Research Center of Tropical Ornamental Plant Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Danzhou, China
| | - Xiqiang Song
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Germplasm Innovation of Tropical Special Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants (Ministry of Education), School of Forestry, School of Life Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Chonghui Li
- Haikou Experimental Station, Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement in Southern China, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Tropical Crops Germplasm Resources Genetic Improvement and Innovation of Hainan Province, Haikou, China
- The Engineering Technology Research Center of Tropical Ornamental Plant Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Danzhou, China
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10
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Flores PC, Yoon JS, Kim DY, Seo YW. Transcriptome Analysis of MYB Genes and Patterns of Anthocyanin Accumulation During Seed Development in Wheat. Evol Bioinform Online 2022; 18:11769343221093341. [PMID: 35444404 PMCID: PMC9014723 DOI: 10.1177/11769343221093341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants accumulate key metabolites as a response of biotic/abiotic stress conditions. In seed coats, anthocyanins, carotenoids, and chlorophylls can be found. They have been associated as important antioxidants that affect germination. In wheat, anthocyanins can impart the seed coat color which have been recognized as health-promoting nutrients. Transcription factors act as master regulators of cellular processes. Transcription complexes such as MYB-bHLH-WD40 (MBW) regulate the expression of multiple target genes in various plant species. In this study, the spatiotemporal accumulation of seed coat pigments in different developmental stages (10, 20, 30, and 40 days after pollination) was analyzed using cryo-cuts. Moreover, the accumulation of phenolic, anthocyanin, and chlorophyll contents was quantified, and the expression of flavonoid biosynthetic genes was evaluated. Finally, transcriptome analysis was performed to analyze putative MYB genes related to seed coat color, followed by further characterization of putative genes. TaTCL2, an MYB gene, was cloned and sequenced. It was determined that TaTCL2 contains a SANT domain, which is often present in proteins participating in the response to anthocyanin accumulation. Moreover, TaTCL2 transcript levels were shown to be influenced by anthocyanin accumulation during grain development. Interaction network analysis showed interactions with GL2 (HD-ZIP IV), EGL3 (bHLH), and TTG1 (WD40). The findings of this study elucidate the mechanisms underlying color formation in Triticum aestivum L. seed coats.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jin Seok Yoon
- Ojeong Plant Breeding Research Center, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dae Yeon Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong Weon Seo
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
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11
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Liu M, Wang K, Ghimire RP, Haapanen M, Kivimäenpää M, Asiegbu FO. Molecular and Chemical Screening for Inherent Disease Resistance Factors of Norway Spruce ( Picea abies) Clones Against Conifer Stem Rot Pathogen Heterobasidion parviporum. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2022; 112:872-880. [PMID: 34698543 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-09-21-0379-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Root and stem rot of conifer trees caused by Heterobasidion annosum species complex leads to huge economic losses in Europe, yet not much is known about the molecular and chemical basis for host resistance. To identify inherent chemical or molecular markers in clones found to be either resistant or susceptible, we sampled needle tissues of all the clones before pathogen inoculation. We conducted a short-term resistance screening by using the pathogen H. parviporum to inoculate 70 Norway spruce clones. Based on lesion size, subsets of highly susceptible and resistant clones were further analyzed. Terpene detection and RNA sequencing were performed to explore inherent variations in genotypes differing in resistance to pathogenic challenge at chemical and transcriptional levels. A negative correlation emerged between resistance and growth. Terpene profiles of resistant clones showed higher content of monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes, with concomitant increased transcript abundance of genes involved in the terpenoid pathway. A set of upregulated genes relevant to flavonoid biosynthesis was observed in resistant genotypes, whereas higher transcripts of lignin biosynthetic genes were prevalent in susceptible clones. Genes involved in flavonoid and lignin biosynthesis as well as terpene content may have a role in facilitating resistance of Norway spruce against H. parviporum. Our results provide strong support on the feasibility of sampling needle tissues before pathogen inoculation, and the approach could be of value for large-scale screening of novel biomarkers for durable resistance. The additional insights could form a basis for further research on resistance screening in this pathosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengxia Liu
- Department of Forest Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Forest Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Rajendra P Ghimire
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Kuopio Campus, University of Eastern Finland, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Matti Haapanen
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (LUKE), FI-00790 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Minna Kivimäenpää
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Kuopio Campus, University of Eastern Finland, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Fred O Asiegbu
- Department of Forest Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
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12
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Kim MH, Cho JS, Bae EK, Choi YI, Eom SH, Lim YJ, Lee H, Park EJ, Ko JH. PtrMYB120 functions as a positive regulator of both anthocyanin and lignin biosynthetic pathway in a hybrid poplar. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 41:2409-2423. [PMID: 34100089 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpab082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Both anthocyanins and lignins are essential secondary metabolites in plant growth and development. Their biosynthesis is metabolically interconnected and diverges in the central metabolite 4-coumaroyl CoA of the phenylpropanoid pathway. Considerable progress has been made in understanding transcriptional regulation of genes involved in lignin and anthocyanin synthesis pathways, but the concerted regulation of these pathways is not yet fully understood. Here, we functionally characterized PtrMYB120, a R2R3-MYB transcription factor from Populus trichocarpa. Overexpression of PtrMYB120 in a hybrid poplar (i.e., 35S::PtrMYB120) was associated with increased anthocyanin (i.e., cyanidin 3-O-glucoside) accumulation and upregulation of anthocyanin biosynthetic genes. However, transgenic poplars with dominant suppression of PtrMYB120 function achieved by fusing the ERF-associated amphiphilic repression motif to PtrMYB120 (i.e., 35S::PtrMYB120-SRDX) had a dramatic decrease in not only anthocyanin but also Klason lignin content with downregulation of both anthocyanin and lignin biosynthetic genes. Indeed, 35S::PtrMYB120-SRDX poplars had irregularly shaped xylem vessels with reduced S-lignin content in stems, which was proportionally related to the level of the introduced PtrMYB120-SRDX gene. Furthermore, protoplast-based transcriptional activation assay using the PtrMYB120-GR system suggested that PtrMYB120 directly regulates genes involved in both anthocyanin and lignin biosynthesis, including chalcone synthase and ferulate-5 hydroxylase. Interestingly, the saccharification efficiency of line #6 of 35S::PtrMYB120-SRDX poplars, which had slightly reduced lignin content with a normal growth phenotype, was dramatically enhanced (>45%) by NaOH treatment. Taken together, our results suggest that PtrMYB120 functions as a positive regulator of both anthocyanin and lignin biosynthetic pathways and can be targeted to enhance saccharification efficiency in woody perennials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Ha Kim
- Department of Plant & Environmental New Resources, Kyung Hee University, 1732 Deogyeong-daero, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Seong Cho
- Department of Plant & Environmental New Resources, Kyung Hee University, 1732 Deogyeong-daero, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
- Abio materials Co., Ltd., 7-44 Jamsil-gil, Cheonan 31005, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Kyung Bae
- Division of Forest Biotechnology, National Institute of Forest Science, 39 Onjeong-ro, Suwon 16631, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Im Choi
- Division of Forest Biotechnology, National Institute of Forest Science, 39 Onjeong-ro, Suwon 16631, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok Hyun Eom
- Department of Horticultural Biotechnology, 1732 Deogyeong-daero, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - You Jin Lim
- Department of Horticultural Biotechnology, 1732 Deogyeong-daero, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoshin Lee
- Department of Horticultural Biotechnology, 1732 Deogyeong-daero, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Eung-Jun Park
- Division of Forest Biotechnology, National Institute of Forest Science, 39 Onjeong-ro, Suwon 16631, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Heung Ko
- Department of Plant & Environmental New Resources, Kyung Hee University, 1732 Deogyeong-daero, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
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13
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Cui Q, Huang J, Wu F, Li DZ, Zheng L, Hu G, Hu S, Zhang L. Biochemical and transcriptomic analyses reveal that critical genes involved in pigment biosynthesis influence leaf color changes in a new sweet osmanthus cultivar 'Qiannan Guifei'. PeerJ 2021; 9:e12265. [PMID: 34707941 PMCID: PMC8504463 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Osmanthus fragrans (Oleaceae) is one of the most important ornamental plant species in China. Many cultivars with different leaf color phenotypes and good ornamental value have recently been developed. For example, a new cultivar ‘Qiannan Guifei’, presents a rich variety of leaf colors, which change from red to yellow-green and ultimately to green as leaves develop, making this cultivar valuable for landscaping. However, the biochemical characteristics and molecular mechanisms underlying leaf color changes of these phenotypes have not been elucidated. It has been hypothesized that the biosynthesis of different pigments in O. fragrans might change during leaf coloration. Here, we analyzed transcriptional changes in genes involved in chlorophyll (Chl), flavonoid, and carotenoid metabolic pathways and identified candidate genes responsible for leaf coloration in the new cultivar ‘Qiannan Guifei’. Methods Leaf samples were collected from ‘Qiannan Guifei’ plants at the red (R), yellow-green (YG) and green (G) leaf stages. We compared the different-colored leaves via leaf pigment concentrations, chloroplast ultrastructure, and transcriptomic data. We further analyzed differentially expressed genes (DEGs) involved in the Chl, flavonoid, and carotenoid metabolic pathways. In addition, we used qRT-PCR to validate expression patterns of the DEGs at the three stages. Results We found that, compared with those at the G stage, chloroplasts at the R and YG stages were less abundant and presented abnormal morphologies. Pigment analyses revealed that the leaves had higher flavonoid and anthocyanin levels at the R stage but lower Chl and carotenoid concentrations. Similarly, Chl and carotenoid concentrations were lower at the YG stage than at the G stage. By using transcriptomic sequencing, we further identified 61 DEGs involved in the three pigment metabolic pathways. Among these DEGs, seven structural genes (OfCHS, OfCHI, OfF3H, OfDFR, OfANS, OfUGT andOf3AT) involved in the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway were expressed at the highest level at the R stage, thereby increasing the biosynthesis of flavonoids, especially anthocyanins. Six putativeOfMYB genes, including three flavonoid-related activators and three repressors, were also highly expressed at the R stage, suggesting that they might coordinately regulate the accumulation of flavonoids, including anthocyanins. Additionally, expressions of the Chl biosynthesis-related genes OfHEMA, OfCHLG and OfCAO and the carotenoid biosynthesis-related genes OfHYB and OfZEP were upregulated from the R stage to the G stage, which increased the accumulation of Chl and carotenoids throughout leaf development. In summary, we screened the candidate genes responsible for the leaf color changes of ‘Qiannan Guifei’, improved current understanding of the regulatory mechanisms underlying leaf coloration and provided potential targets for future leaf color improvement in O. fragrans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Cui
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Junhua Huang
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fan Wu
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Dong-Ze Li
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Liqun Zheng
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Guang Hu
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shaoqing Hu
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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14
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Ding A, Ding A, Li P, Wang J, Cheng T, Bao F, Zhang Q. Genome-Wide Identification and Low-Temperature Expression Analysis of bHLH Genes in Prunus mume. Front Genet 2021; 12:762135. [PMID: 34659372 PMCID: PMC8519403 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.762135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Prunus mume is an illustrious ornamental woody plant with colorful flowers, delicate fragrances, and graceful tree forms. Low temperature limits its geographical distribution. The basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) proteins exist in most eukaryotes as a transcription factor superfamily, which play a crucial role in metabolism, physiology, development, and response to various stresses of higher organisms. However, the characteristics of the bHLH gene family and low-temperature response remain unknown in P. mume. In the present study, we distinguished 95 PmbHLH genes in the P. mume whole-genome and analyzed their features. PmbHLHs were divided into 23 subfamilies and one orphan by phylogenetic analysis. Similar gene structures and conserved motifs appeared in the same subfamily. These genes were situated in eight chromosomes and scaffolds. Gene duplication events performed a close relationship to P. mume, P. persica, and P. avium. Tandem duplications probably promoted the expansion of PmbHLHs. According to predicted binding activities, the PmbHLHs were defined as the Non-DNA-binding proteins and DNA-binding proteins. Furthermore, PmbHLHs exhibited tissue-specific and low-temperature induced expression patterns. By analyzing transcriptome data, 10 PmbHLHs which are responsive to low-temperature stress were selected. The qRT-PCR results showed that the ten PmbHLH genes could respond to low-temperature stress at different degrees. There were differences in multiple variations among different varieties. This study provides a basis to research the evolution and low-temperature tolerance of PmbHLHs, and might enhance breeding programs of P. mume by improving low-temperature tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiqin Ding
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, Engineering Research Center of Landscape Environment of Ministry of Education, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Anqi Ding
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, Engineering Research Center of Landscape Environment of Ministry of Education, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, Engineering Research Center of Landscape Environment of Ministry of Education, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Jia Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, Engineering Research Center of Landscape Environment of Ministry of Education, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Tangren Cheng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, Engineering Research Center of Landscape Environment of Ministry of Education, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Bao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, Engineering Research Center of Landscape Environment of Ministry of Education, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Qixiang Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, Engineering Research Center of Landscape Environment of Ministry of Education, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
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15
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Wang M, Zhang Y, Zhu C, Yao X, Zheng Z, Tian Z, Cai X. EkFLS overexpression promotes flavonoid accumulation and abiotic stress tolerance in plant. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2021; 172:1966-1982. [PMID: 33774830 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Flavonoids with great medicinal value play an important role in plant individual growth and stress resistance. Flavonol synthetase (FLS) is one of the key enzymes to synthesize flavonoids. However, the role of the FLS gene in flavonoid accumulation and tolerance to abiotic stresses, as well as its mechanism has not yet been investigated systematically in plants. The aim of this research is to evaluate the effect of FLS overexpression on the accumulation of active ingredients and stress resistance in Euphorbia kansui Liou. The results showed that when the EkFLS gene was overexpressed in Arabidopsis thaliana, the accumulation of flavonoids was improved. In addition, when the wild-type and EkFLS overexpressed Arabidopsis plants were treated with ABA and MeJA, compared with WT Arabidopsis, EkFLS overexpressed Arabidopsis promoted stomatal aperture to influence photosynthesis of the plants, which in turn can promote stress resistance. Meanwhile, under MeJA, NaCl, and PEG treatment, EkFLS overexpressed in Arabidopsis induced higher accumulation of flavonoids, which significantly enhanced peroxidase (POD) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities that can scavenge reactive oxygen species in cells to protect the plant. These results indicated that EkFLS overexpression is strongly correlated to the increase of flavonoid synthesis and therefore the tolerance to abiotic stresses in plants, providing a theoretical basis for further improving the quality of medicinal plants and their resistance to abiotic stresses simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chenyu Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiangyu Yao
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhe Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zheni Tian
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xia Cai
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
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LaFountain AM, Yuan YW. Repressors of anthocyanin biosynthesis. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 231:933-949. [PMID: 33864686 PMCID: PMC8764531 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Anthocyanins play a variety of adaptive roles in both vegetative tissues and reproductive organs of plants. The broad functionality of these compounds requires sophisticated regulation of the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway to allow proper localization, timing, and optimal intensity of pigment deposition. While it is well-established that the committed steps of anthocyanin biosynthesis are activated by a highly conserved MYB-bHLH-WDR (MBW) protein complex in virtually all flowering plants, anthocyanin repression seems to be achieved by a wide variety of protein and small RNA families that function in different tissue types and in response to different developmental, environmental, and hormonal cues. In this review, we survey recent progress in the identification of anthocyanin repressors and the characterization of their molecular mechanisms. We find that these seemingly very different repression modules act through a remarkably similar logic, the so-called 'double-negative logic'. Much of the double-negative regulation of anthocyanin production involves signal-induced degradation or sequestration of the repressors from the MBW protein complex. We discuss the functional and evolutionary advantages of this logic design compared with simple or sequential positive regulation. These advantages provide a plausible explanation as to why plants have evolved so many anthocyanin repressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy M LaFountain
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, 75 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, CT, 06269-3043, USA
| | - Yao-Wu Yuan
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, 75 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, CT, 06269-3043, USA
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17
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Yang X, Wang J, Xia X, Zhang Z, He J, Nong B, Luo T, Feng R, Wu Y, Pan Y, Xiong F, Zeng Y, Chen C, Guo H, Xu Z, Li D, Deng G. OsTTG1, a WD40 repeat gene, regulates anthocyanin biosynthesis in rice. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 107:198-214. [PMID: 33884679 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Anthocyanins play an important role in the growth of plants, and are beneficial to human health. In plants, the MYB-bHLH-WD40 (MBW) complex activates the genes for anthocyanin biosynthesis. However, in rice, the WD40 regulators remain to be conclusively identified. Here, a crucial anthocyanin biosynthesis gene was fine mapped to a 43.4-kb genomic region on chromosome 2, and a WD40 gene OsTTG1 (Oryza sativa TRANSPARENT TESTA GLABRA1) was identified as ideal candidate gene. Subsequently, a homozygous mutant (osttg1) generated by CRISPR/Cas9 showed significantly decreased anthocyanin accumulation in various rice organs. OsTTG1 was highly expressed in various rice tissues after germination, and it was affected by light and temperature. OsTTG1 protein was localized to the nucleus, and can physically interact with Kala4, OsC1, OsDFR and Rc. Furthermore, a total of 59 hub transcription factor genes might affect rice anthocyanin biosynthesis, and LOC_Os01g28680 and LOC_Os02g32430 could have functional redundancy with OsTTG1. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that directional selection has driven the evolutionary divergence of the indica and japonica OsTTG1 alleles. Our results suggest that OsTTG1 is a vital regulator of anthocyanin biosynthesis, and an important gene resource for the genetic engineering of anthocyanin biosynthesis in rice and other plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinghai Yang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Rice Genetics and Breeding, Rice Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, 530007, China
| | - Junrui Wang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Polysaccharide Materials and Modifications, School of Marine Sciences and Biotechnology, Guangxi University for Nationalities, Nanning, 530007, China
| | - Xiuzhong Xia
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Rice Genetics and Breeding, Rice Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, 530007, China
| | - Zongqiong Zhang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Rice Genetics and Breeding, Rice Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, 530007, China
| | - Jie He
- Agro-products Quality Safety and Testing Technology Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, 530007, China
| | - Baoxuan Nong
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Rice Genetics and Breeding, Rice Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, 530007, China
| | - Tongping Luo
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Rice Genetics and Breeding, Rice Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, 530007, China
| | - Rui Feng
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Rice Genetics and Breeding, Rice Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, 530007, China
| | - Yanyan Wu
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, 530007, China
| | - Yinghua Pan
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Rice Genetics and Breeding, Rice Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, 530007, China
| | - Faqian Xiong
- Cash Crops Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, 530007, China
| | - Yu Zeng
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Rice Genetics and Breeding, Rice Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, 530007, China
| | - Can Chen
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Rice Genetics and Breeding, Rice Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, 530007, China
| | - Hui Guo
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Rice Genetics and Breeding, Rice Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, 530007, China
| | - Zhijian Xu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Rice Genetics and Breeding, Rice Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, 530007, China
| | - Danting Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Rice Genetics and Breeding, Rice Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, 530007, China
| | - Guofu Deng
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Rice Genetics and Breeding, Rice Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, 530007, China
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18
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Zamora-Ballesteros C, Pinto G, Amaral J, Valledor L, Alves A, Diez JJ, Martín-García J. Dual RNA-Sequencing Analysis of Resistant ( Pinus pinea) and Susceptible ( Pinus radiata) Hosts during Fusarium circinatum Challenge. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:5231. [PMID: 34063405 PMCID: PMC8156185 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22105231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Fusarium circinatum causes one of the most important diseases of conifers worldwide, the pine pitch canker (PPC). However, no effective field intervention measures aiming to control or eradicate PPC are available. Due to the variation in host genetic resistance, the development of resistant varieties is postulated as a viable and promising strategy. By using an integrated approach, this study aimed to identify differences in the molecular responses and physiological traits of the highly susceptible Pinus radiata and the highly resistant Pinus pinea to F. circinatum at an early stage of infection. Dual RNA-Seq analysis also allowed to evaluate pathogen behavior when infecting each pine species. No significant changes in the physiological analysis were found upon pathogen infection, although transcriptional reprogramming was observed mainly in the resistant species. The transcriptome profiling of P. pinea revealed an early perception of the pathogen infection together with a strong and coordinated defense activation through the reinforcement and lignification of the cell wall, the antioxidant activity, the induction of PR genes, and the biosynthesis of defense hormones. On the contrary, P. radiata had a weaker response, possibly due to impaired perception of the fungal infection that led to a reduced downstream defense signaling. Fusarium circinatum showed a different transcriptomic profile depending on the pine species being infected. While in P. pinea, the pathogen focused on the degradation of plant cell walls, active uptake of the plant nutrients was showed in P. radiata. These findings present useful knowledge for the development of breeding programs to manage PPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Zamora-Ballesteros
- Sustainable Forest Management Research Institute, University of Valladolid—INIA, 34004 Palencia, Spain; (J.J.D.); (J.M.-G.)
- Department of Vegetal Production and Forest Resources, University of Valladolid, 34004 Palencia, Spain
| | - Gloria Pinto
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, CESAM, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (G.P.); (J.A.); (A.A.)
| | - Joana Amaral
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, CESAM, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (G.P.); (J.A.); (A.A.)
| | - Luis Valledor
- Department of Organisms and Systems Biology, University of Oviedo, 33071 Oviedo, Spain;
| | - Artur Alves
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, CESAM, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (G.P.); (J.A.); (A.A.)
| | - Julio J. Diez
- Sustainable Forest Management Research Institute, University of Valladolid—INIA, 34004 Palencia, Spain; (J.J.D.); (J.M.-G.)
- Department of Vegetal Production and Forest Resources, University of Valladolid, 34004 Palencia, Spain
| | - Jorge Martín-García
- Sustainable Forest Management Research Institute, University of Valladolid—INIA, 34004 Palencia, Spain; (J.J.D.); (J.M.-G.)
- Department of Vegetal Production and Forest Resources, University of Valladolid, 34004 Palencia, Spain
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19
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Sakeh NM, Abdullah SNA, Bahari MNA, Azzeme AM, Shaharuddin NA, Idris AS. EgJUB1 and EgERF113 transcription factors as potential master regulators of defense response in Elaeis guineensis against the hemibiotrophic Ganoderma boninense. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:59. [PMID: 33482731 PMCID: PMC7825162 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-020-02812-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hemibiotrophic pathogen such as the fungal pathogen Ganoderma boninense that is destructive to oil palm, manipulates host defense mechanism by strategically switching from biotrophic to necrotrophic phase. Our previous study revealed two distinguishable expression profiles of oil palm genes that formed the basis in deducing biotrophic phase at early interaction which switched to necrotrophic phase at a later stage of infection. RESULTS The present report is a continuing study from our previous published transcriptomic profiling of oil palm seedlings against G. boninense. We focused on identifying differentially expressed genes (DEGs) encoding transcription factors (TFs) from the same RNA-seq data; resulting in 106 upregulated and 108 downregulated TFs being identified. The DEGs are involved in four established defense-related pathways responsible for cell wall modification, reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated signaling, programmed cell death (PCD) and plant innate immunity. We discovered upregulation of JUNGBRUNNEN 1 (EgJUB1) during the fungal biotrophic phase while Ethylene Responsive Factor 113 (EgERF113) demonstrated prominent upregulation when the palm switches to defense against necrotrophic phase. EgJUB1 was shown to have a binding activity to a 19 bp palindromic SNBE1 element, WNNYBTNNNNNNNAMGNHW found in the promoter region of co-expressing EgHSFC-2b. Further in silico analysis of promoter regions revealed co-expression of EgJUB1 with TFs containing SNBE1 element with single nucleotide change at either the 5th or 18th position. Meanwhile, EgERF113 binds to both GCC and DRE/CRT elements promoting plasticity in upregulating the downstream defense-related genes. Both TFs were proven to be nuclear-localized based on subcellular localization experiment using onion epidermal cells. CONCLUSION Our findings demonstrated unprecedented transcriptional reprogramming of specific TFs potentially to enable regulation of a specific set of genes during different infection phases of this hemibiotrophic fungal pathogen. The results propose the intricacy of oil palm defense response in orchestrating EgJUB1 during biotrophic and EgERF113 during the subsequent transition to the necrotrophic phase. Binding of EgJUB1 to SNBE motif instead of NACBS while EgERF113 to GCC-box and DRE/CRT motifs is unconventional and not normally associated with pathogen infection. Identification of these phase-specific oil palm TFs is important in designing strategies to tackle or attenuate the progress of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurshafika Mohd Sakeh
- Institute of Plantation Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Siti Nor Akmar Abdullah
- Institute of Plantation Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
- Department of Agriculture Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | | | - Azzreena Mohamad Azzeme
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Noor Azmi Shaharuddin
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Abu Seman Idris
- Ganoderma and Diseases Research for Oil Palm Unit, Malaysian Palm Oil Board, No. 6, Persiaran Institusi, Bandar Baru Bangi, 43000, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
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20
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Laoué J, Depardieu C, Gérardi S, Lamothe M, Bomal C, Azaiez A, Gros-Louis MC, Laroche J, Boyle B, Hammerbacher A, Isabel N, Bousquet J. Combining QTL Mapping and Transcriptomics to Decipher the Genetic Architecture of Phenolic Compounds Metabolism in the Conifer White Spruce. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:675108. [PMID: 34079574 PMCID: PMC8166253 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.675108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Conifer forests worldwide are becoming increasingly vulnerable to the effects of climate change. Although the production of phenolic compounds (PCs) has been shown to be modulated by biotic and abiotic stresses, the genetic basis underlying the variation in their constitutive production level remains poorly documented in conifers. We used QTL mapping and RNA-Seq to explore the complex polygenic network underlying the constitutive production of PCs in a white spruce (Picea glauca) full-sib family for 2 years. QTL detection was performed for nine PCs and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified between individuals with high and low PC contents for five PCs exhibiting stable QTLs across time. A total of 17 QTLs were detected for eight metabolites, including one major QTL explaining up to 91.3% of the neolignan-2 variance. The RNA-Seq analysis highlighted 50 DEGs associated with phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, several key transcription factors, and a subset of 137 genes showing opposite expression patterns in individuals with high levels of the flavonoids gallocatechin and taxifolin glucoside. A total of 19 DEGs co-localized with QTLs. Our findings represent a significant step toward resolving the genomic architecture of PC production in spruce and facilitate the functional characterization of genes and transcriptional networks responsible for differences in constitutive production of PCs in conifers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine Laoué
- Canada Research Chair in Forest Genomics, Centre for Forest Research and Institute for Systems and Integrative Biology, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- *Correspondence: Justine Laoué
| | - Claire Depardieu
- Canada Research Chair in Forest Genomics, Centre for Forest Research and Institute for Systems and Integrative Biology, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Laurentian Forestry Centre, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Sébastien Gérardi
- Canada Research Chair in Forest Genomics, Centre for Forest Research and Institute for Systems and Integrative Biology, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Manuel Lamothe
- Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Laurentian Forestry Centre, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Claude Bomal
- Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Laurentian Forestry Centre, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Aïda Azaiez
- Canada Research Chair in Forest Genomics, Centre for Forest Research and Institute for Systems and Integrative Biology, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Marie-Claude Gros-Louis
- Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Laurentian Forestry Centre, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Jérôme Laroche
- Institute for Systems and Integrative Biology, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Brian Boyle
- Institute for Systems and Integrative Biology, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Almuth Hammerbacher
- Department of Zoology, Entomology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Nathalie Isabel
- Canada Research Chair in Forest Genomics, Centre for Forest Research and Institute for Systems and Integrative Biology, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Laurentian Forestry Centre, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Jean Bousquet
- Canada Research Chair in Forest Genomics, Centre for Forest Research and Institute for Systems and Integrative Biology, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Jean Bousquet
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21
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Deng N, Hou C, He B, Ma F, Song Q, Shi S, Liu C, Tian Y. A full-length transcriptome and gene expression analysis reveal genes and molecular elements expressed during seed development in Gnetum luofuense. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 20:531. [PMID: 33228526 PMCID: PMC7685604 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-020-02729-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gnetum is an economically important tropical and subtropical gymnosperm genus with various dietary, industrial and medicinal uses. Many carbohydrates, proteins and fibers accumulate during the ripening of Gnetum seeds. However, the molecular mechanisms related to this process remain unknown. RESULTS We therefore assembled a full-length transcriptome from immature and mature G. luofuense seeds using PacBio sequencing reads. We identified a total of 5726 novel genes, 9061 alternative splicing events, 3551 lncRNAs, 2160 transcription factors, and we found that 8512 genes possessed at least one poly(A) site. In addition, gene expression comparisons of six transcriptomes generated by Illumina sequencing showed that 14,323 genes were differentially expressed from an immature stage to a mature stage with 7891 genes upregulated and 6432 genes downregulated. The expression of 14 differentially expressed transcription factors from the MADS-box, Aux/IAA and bHLH families was validated by qRT-PCR, suggesting that they may have important roles in seed ripening of G. luofuense. CONCLUSIONS These findings provide a valuable molecular resource for understanding seed development of gymnosperms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Deng
- Hunan Academy of Forestry, Changsha, Hunan, No.658 Shaoshan Road, Tianxin District, Changsha, 410004, China
- Hunan Cili Forest Ecosystem State Research Station, Cili, Changsha, 410004, Hunan, China
| | - Chen Hou
- Guangdong Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou, 510520, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Silviculture, Protection and Utilization, Guangdong Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou, 510520, China
| | - Boxiang He
- Guangdong Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou, 510520, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Silviculture, Protection and Utilization, Guangdong Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou, 510520, China
| | - Fengfeng Ma
- Hunan Academy of Forestry, Changsha, Hunan, No.658 Shaoshan Road, Tianxin District, Changsha, 410004, China
- Hunan Cili Forest Ecosystem State Research Station, Cili, Changsha, 410004, Hunan, China
| | - Qingan Song
- Hunan Academy of Forestry, Changsha, Hunan, No.658 Shaoshan Road, Tianxin District, Changsha, 410004, China
- Hunan Cili Forest Ecosystem State Research Station, Cili, Changsha, 410004, Hunan, China
| | - Shengqing Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, No. 1 Dongxiaofu, Xiangshan Road, Haidian, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Caixia Liu
- Hunan Academy of Forestry, Changsha, Hunan, No.658 Shaoshan Road, Tianxin District, Changsha, 410004, China.
| | - Yuxin Tian
- Hunan Academy of Forestry, Changsha, Hunan, No.658 Shaoshan Road, Tianxin District, Changsha, 410004, China.
- Hunan Cili Forest Ecosystem State Research Station, Cili, Changsha, 410004, Hunan, China.
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22
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Kazemitabar SK, Faraji S, Najafi-Zarrini H. Identification and in silico evaluation of bHLH genes in the Sesamum indicum genome: Growth regulation and stress dealing specially through the metal ions homeostasis and flavonoid biosynthesis. GENE REPORTS 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2020.100639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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23
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Wen W, Alseekh S, Fernie AR. Conservation and diversification of flavonoid metabolism in the plant kingdom. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 55:100-108. [PMID: 32422532 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2020.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Flavonoids are by far the largest class of polyphenols with huge structural and functional diversity. However, the mystery regarding the exact evolutionary pressures which lead to the amazing diversity in plant flavonoids has yet to be completely uncovered. Here we review recent advances in understanding the conservation and diversification of flavonoid pathway from algae and early land plants to vascular plants including the model plant Arabidopsis and economically important species such as cereals, legumes, and medicinal plants. Studies on the origin and evolution of R2R3-MYB regulatory system demonstrated its highly conserved function of regulating flavonoid production in land plants and this innovation appears to have been crucial in boosting the overall levels of these compounds in land plants. Convergent evolution has occurred as different flavonoids independently which emerged in distant taxa resulting in similar defense and tolerance characteristics against environmental stresses. Future studies on an increasing number of plant species taking advantage of newly developed genomic and metabolite profiling technologies are envisaged to provide comprehensive insight into flavonoid biosynthesis as well as pathway diversification and the underlying evolutionary mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Wen
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (MOE), College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Saleh Alseekh
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany; Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany; Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
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24
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Zhai Y, Yu K, Cai S, Hu L, Amoo O, Xu L, Yang Y, Ma B, Jiao Y, Zhang C, Khan MHU, Khan SU, Fan C, Zhou Y. Targeted mutagenesis of BnTT8 homologs controls yellow seed coat development for effective oil production in Brassica napus L. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2020; 18:1153-1168. [PMID: 31637846 PMCID: PMC7152602 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2019] [Revised: 10/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Yellow seed is a desirable trait with great potential for improving seed quality in Brassica crops. Unfortunately, no natural or induced yellow seed germplasms have been found in Brassica napus, an important oil crop, which likely reflects its genome complexity and the difficulty of the simultaneous random mutagenesis of multiple gene copies with functional redundancy. Here, we demonstrate the first application of CRISPR/Cas9 for creating yellow-seeded mutants in rapeseed. The targeted mutations of the BnTT8 gene were stably transmitted to successive generations, and a range of homozygous mutants with loss-of-function alleles of the target genes were obtained for phenotyping. The yellow-seeded phenotype could be recovered only in targeted mutants of both BnTT8 functional copies, indicating that the redundant roles of BnA09.TT8 and BnC09.TT8b are vital for seed colour. The BnTT8 double mutants produced seeds with elevated seed oil and protein content and altered fatty acid (FA) composition without any serious defects in the yield-related traits, making it a valuable resource for rapeseed breeding programmes. Chemical staining and histological analysis showed that the targeted mutations of BnTT8 completely blocked the proanthocyanidin (PA)-specific deposition in the seed coat. Further, transcriptomic profiling revealed that the targeted mutations of BnTT8 resulted in the broad suppression of phenylpropanoid/flavonoid biosynthesis genes, which indicated a much more complex molecular mechanism underlying seed colour formation in rapeseed than in Arabidopsis and other Brassica species. In addition, gene expression analysis revealed the possible mechanism through which BnTT8 altered the oil content and fatty acid composition in seeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yungu Zhai
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Kaidi Yu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Shengli Cai
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Limin Hu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Olalekan Amoo
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Lei Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Yang Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Boyuan Ma
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Yangmiao Jiao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Chaofeng Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | | | - Shahid Ullah Khan
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Chuchuan Fan
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Yongming Zhou
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
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25
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Zhu L, Guan Y, Zhang Z, Song A, Chen S, Jiang J, Chen F. CmMYB8 encodes an R2R3 MYB transcription factor which represses lignin and flavonoid synthesis in chrysanthemum. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2020; 149:217-224. [PMID: 32078899 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
R2R3-MYB transcription factors are important regulators of the growth and development of plants. Here, CmMYB8 a chrysanthemum gene encoding an R2R3-MYB transcription factor, was isolated and functionally characterized. The gene was transcribed throughout the plant, but most strongly in the stem. When CmMYB8 was over-expressed, a number of genes encoding components of lignin synthesis were down-regulated, and the plants' lignin content was reduced. The composition of the lignin in the transgenic plants was also altered, and its S/G ratio was reduced. A further consequence of the over-expression of CmMYB8 was to lessen the transcript abundance of key genes involved in flavonoid synthesis, resulting in a reduced accumulation of flavonoids. The indication is that the CmMYB8 protein participates in the negative regulation of both lignin and flavonoid synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Yunxiao Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Zhaohe Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Aiping Song
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Sumei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Jiafu Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Fadi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.
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26
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Meraj TA, Fu J, Raza MA, Zhu C, Shen Q, Xu D, Wang Q. Transcriptional Factors Regulate Plant Stress Responses through Mediating Secondary Metabolism. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11040346. [PMID: 32218164 PMCID: PMC7230336 DOI: 10.3390/genes11040346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants are adapted to sense numerous stress stimuli and mount efficient defense responses by directing intricate signaling pathways. They respond to undesirable circumstances to produce stress-inducible phytochemicals that play indispensable roles in plant immunity. Extensive studies have been made to elucidate the underpinnings of defensive molecular mechanisms in various plant species. Transcriptional factors (TFs) are involved in plant defense regulations through acting as mediators by perceiving stress signals and directing downstream defense gene expression. The cross interactions of TFs and stress signaling crosstalk are decisive in determining accumulation of defense metabolites. Here, we collected the major TFs that are efficient in stress responses through regulating secondary metabolism for the direct cessation of stress factors. We focused on six major TF families including AP2/ERF, WRKY, bHLH, bZIP, MYB, and NAC. This review is the compilation of studies where researches were conducted to explore the roles of TFs in stress responses and the contribution of secondary metabolites in combating stress influences. Modulation of these TFs at transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels can facilitate molecular breeding and genetic improvement of crop plants regarding stress sensitivity and response through production of defensive compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tehseen Ahmad Meraj
- Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (T.A.M.); (J.F.); (C.Z.); (Q.S.); (D.X.)
| | - Jingye Fu
- Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (T.A.M.); (J.F.); (C.Z.); (Q.S.); (D.X.)
| | - Muhammad Ali Raza
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China;
| | - Chenying Zhu
- Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (T.A.M.); (J.F.); (C.Z.); (Q.S.); (D.X.)
| | - Qinqin Shen
- Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (T.A.M.); (J.F.); (C.Z.); (Q.S.); (D.X.)
| | - Dongbei Xu
- Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (T.A.M.); (J.F.); (C.Z.); (Q.S.); (D.X.)
| | - Qiang Wang
- Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (T.A.M.); (J.F.); (C.Z.); (Q.S.); (D.X.)
- Correspondence:
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27
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Davies KM, Jibran R, Zhou Y, Albert NW, Brummell DA, Jordan BR, Bowman JL, Schwinn KE. The Evolution of Flavonoid Biosynthesis: A Bryophyte Perspective. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:7. [PMID: 32117358 PMCID: PMC7010833 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The flavonoid pathway is one of the best characterized specialized metabolite pathways of plants. In angiosperms, the flavonoids have varied roles in assisting with tolerance to abiotic stress and are also key for signaling to pollinators and seed dispersal agents. The pathway is thought to be specific to land plants and to have arisen during the period of land colonization around 550-470 million years ago. In this review we consider current knowledge of the flavonoid pathway in the bryophytes, consisting of the liverworts, hornworts, and mosses. The pathway is less characterized for bryophytes than angiosperms, and the first genetic and molecular studies on bryophytes are finding both commonalities and significant differences in flavonoid biosynthesis and pathway regulation between angiosperms and bryophytes. This includes biosynthetic pathway branches specific to each plant group and the apparent complete absence of flavonoids from the hornworts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin M. Davies
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Rubina Jibran
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Yanfei Zhou
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Nick W. Albert
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - David A. Brummell
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Brian R. Jordan
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Lincoln University, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - John L. Bowman
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Kathy E. Schwinn
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Palmerston North, New Zealand
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28
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Plunkett BJ, Henry-Kirk R, Friend A, Diack R, Helbig S, Mouhu K, Tomes S, Dare AP, Espley RV, Putterill J, Allan AC. Apple B-box factors regulate light-responsive anthocyanin biosynthesis genes. Sci Rep 2019; 9:17762. [PMID: 31780719 PMCID: PMC6882830 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-54166-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmentally-responsive genes can affect fruit red colour via the activation of MYB transcription factors. The apple B-box (BBX) gene, BBX33/CONSTANS-like 11 (COL11) has been reported to influence apple red-skin colour in a light- and temperature-dependent manner. To further understand the role of apple BBX genes, other members of the BBX family were examined for effects on colour regulation. Expression of 23 BBX genes in apple skin was analysed during fruit development. We investigated the diurnal rhythm of expression of the BBX genes, the anthocyanin biosynthetic genes and a MYB activator, MYB10. Transactivation assays on the MYB10 promoter, showed that BBX proteins 1, 17, 15, 35, 51, and 54 were able to directly function as activators. Using truncated versions of the MYB10 promoter, a key region was identified for activation by BBX1. BBX1 enhanced the activation of MYB10 and MdbHLH3 on the promoter of the anthocyanin biosynthetic gene DFR. In transformed apple lines, over-expression of BBX1 reduced internal ethylene content and altered both cyanidin concentration and associated gene expression. We propose that, along with environmental signals, the control of MYB10 expression by BBXs in 'Royal Gala' fruit involves the integration of the expression of multiple BBXs to regulate fruit colour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blue J Plunkett
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited (PFR), Mt Albert, Private Bag 92169, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Rebecca Henry-Kirk
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited (PFR), Mt Albert, Private Bag 92169, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Adam Friend
- PFR, 55 Old Mill Road, RD 3, Motueka, 7198, New Zealand
| | - Robert Diack
- PFR, 55 Old Mill Road, RD 3, Motueka, 7198, New Zealand
| | - Susanne Helbig
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited (PFR), Mt Albert, Private Bag 92169, Auckland, New Zealand
- BIOTECON Diagnostics GmbH, Hermannswerder 17, 14473, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Katriina Mouhu
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited (PFR), Mt Albert, Private Bag 92169, Auckland, New Zealand
- Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sumathi Tomes
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited (PFR), Mt Albert, Private Bag 92169, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Andrew P Dare
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited (PFR), Mt Albert, Private Bag 92169, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Richard V Espley
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited (PFR), Mt Albert, Private Bag 92169, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Joanna Putterill
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Andrew C Allan
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited (PFR), Mt Albert, Private Bag 92169, Auckland, New Zealand.
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand.
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29
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Zhang B, Chopra D, Schrader A, Hülskamp M. Evolutionary comparison of competitive protein-complex formation of MYB, bHLH, and WDR proteins in plants. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2019; 70:3197-3209. [PMID: 31071215 PMCID: PMC6598095 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
A protein complex consisting of a MYB, basic Helix-Loop-Helix, and a WDR protein, the MBW complex, regulates five traits, namely the production of anthocyanidin, proanthocyanidin, and seed-coat mucilage, and the development of trichomes and root hairs. For complexes involved in trichome and root hair development it has been shown that the interaction of two MBW proteins can be counteracted by the respective third protein (called competitive complex formation). We examined competitive complex formation for selected MBW proteins from Arabidopsis thaliana, Arabis alpina, Gossypium hirsutum, Petunia hybrida, and Zea mays. Quantitative analyses of the competitive binding of MYBs and WDRs to bHLHs were done by pull-down assays using ProtA- and luciferase-tagged proteins expressed in human HEC cells. We found that some bHLHs show competitive complex formation whilst others do not. Competitive complex formation strongly correlated with a phylogenetic tree constructed with the bHLH proteins under investigation, suggesting a functional relevance. We demonstrate that this different behavior can be explained by changes in one amino acid and that this position is functionally relevant in trichome development but not in anthocyanidin regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bipei Zhang
- Botanical Institute, Biocenter, Cologne University, Cologne, Germany
| | - Divykriti Chopra
- Botanical Institute, Biocenter, Cologne University, Cologne, Germany
| | - Andrea Schrader
- Botanical Institute, Biocenter, Cologne University, Cologne, Germany
| | - Martin Hülskamp
- Botanical Institute, Biocenter, Cologne University, Cologne, Germany
- Correspondence:
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Anthocyanin Synthesis and the Expression Patterns of bHLH Transcription Factor Family during Development of the Chinese Jujube Fruit (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.). FORESTS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/f10040346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The basic helix–loop–helix (bHLH) family is an important transcription factor for eukaryotes and is involved in a wide range of biological activities. Among these, bHLH can interaction with WD repeat (WD40 or WDR) and V-myb avian myeloblastosis viral oncogene homolog (MYB) form a ternary complex to promote the efficient synthesis of anthocyanins. In this study, a total of 138 jujube bHLH (ZjbHLH) family members were screened from the transcriptome of the two jujube cultivars, ‘Junzao’ (JZ) and ‘Tailihong’ (TLH). Of these, 95 ZjbHLH genes were mapped to 12 chromosomes. A phylogenetic tree was constructed using 27 arabidopsis bHLH (AtbHLH) protein sequences of Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. and 138 ZjbHLH protein sequences of jujube. The results show that the ZjbHLH family of jujube can be divided into 12 subfamilies. The three candidate genes, ZjGL3a, ZjGL3b and ZjTT8, related to anthocyanin synthesis, were classified into subgroup III. Meanwhile, ZjGL3a, ZjGL3b and ZjTT8 have high homology with the bHLH transcription factors involved in anthocyanin synthesis in other plants. In addition, it was found that the jujube ZjbHLH transcript family showed changing patterns of expression during fruit development. The relative expression levels of ZjGL3a, ZjGL3 and ZjTT8 were consistent with the changes of the anthocyanin contents in the two jujube cultivars examined. To better understand the anthocyanin synthesis pathway involved in ZjbHLH, a regulatory pathway model for anthocyanin synthesis was constructed. This model involves the processes of anthocyanin signal transduction, synthesis and transport.
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Comparative transcriptome among Euscaphis konishii Hayata tissues and analysis of genes involved in flavonoid biosynthesis and accumulation. BMC Genomics 2019; 20:24. [PMID: 30626333 PMCID: PMC6327468 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-018-5354-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACHGROUND Euscaphis konishii Hayata, a member of the Staphyleaceae Family, is a plant that has been widely used in Traditional Chinese Medicine and it has been the source for several types of flavonoids. To identify candidate genes involved in flavonoid biosynthesis and accumulation, we analyzed transcriptome data from three E. konishii tissues (leaf, branch and capsule) using Illumina Hiseq 2000 platform. RESULTS A total of 91.7, 100.3 and 100.1million clean reads were acquired for the leaf, branch and capsule, respectively; and 85,342 unigenes with a mean length of 893.60 bp and N50 length of 1307 nt were assembled using Trinity program. BLASTx analysis allowed to annotate 40,218 unigenes using public protein databases, including NR, KOG/COG/eggNOG, Swiss-Prot, KEGG and GO. A total of 14,291 (16.75%) unigenes were assigned to 128 KEGG pathways, and 900 unigenes were annotated into 22 KEGG secondary metabolites, including flavonoid biosynthesis. The structure enzymes involved in flavonoid biosynthesis, such as phenylalanine ammonia lyase, cinnamate 4-hydroxylase, 4-coumarate CoA ligase, shikimate O-hydroxycinnamoyltransferase, coumaroylquinate 3'-monooxygenase, caffeoyl-CoA O-methyltransferase, chalcone synthase, chalcone isomerase, flavanone 3-hydroxylase, flavonoid 3'-hydroxylase, flavonoid 3',5'-hydroxylase, flavonolsynthese, dihydroflavonol 4-reductase, anthocyanidinreductase, leucoanthocyanidin dioxygenase, leucoanthocyanidin reductase, were identified in the transcriptome data, 40 UDP-glycosyltransferase (UGT), 122 Cytochrome P450 (CYP) and 25 O-methyltransferase (OMT) unigenes were also found. A total of 295 unigenes involved in flavonoid transport and 220 transcription factors (97 MYB, 84 bHLH and 39 WD40) were identified. Furthermore, their expression patterns among different tissues were analyzed by DESeq, the differentially expressed genes may play important roles in tissues-specific synthesis, accumulation and modification of flavonoids. CONCLUSION We present here the de novo transcriptome analysis of E. konishii and the identification of candidate genes involved in biosynthesis and accumulation of flavonoid. In general, these results are an important resource for further research on gene expression, genomic and functional genomics in E. konishii and other related species.
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Kovalchuk A, Zeng Z, Ghimire RP, Kivimäenpää M, Raffaello T, Liu M, Mukrimin M, Kasanen R, Sun H, Julkunen-Tiitto R, Holopainen JK, Asiegbu FO. Dual RNA-seq analysis provides new insights into interactions between Norway spruce and necrotrophic pathogen Heterobasidion annosum s.l. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 19:2. [PMID: 30606115 PMCID: PMC6318961 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-018-1602-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Root and butt rot of conifer trees caused by fungi belonging to the Heterobasidion annosum species complex is one of the most economically important fungal diseases in commercial conifer plantations throughout the Northern hemisphere. We investigated the interactions between Heterobasidion fungi and their host by conducting dual RNA-seq and chemical analysis on Norway spruce trees naturally infected by Heterobasidion spp. We analyzed host and pathogen transcriptome and phenolic and terpenoid contents of the spruce trees. RESULTS Presented results emphasize the role of the phenylpropanoid and flavonoid pathways in the chemical defense of Norway spruce trees. Accumulation of lignans was observed in trees displaying symptoms of wood decay. A number of candidate genes with a predicted role in the higher level regulation of spruce defense responses were identified. Our data indicate a possible role of abscisic acid (ABA) signaling in the spruce defense against Heterobasidion infection. Fungal transcripts corresponding to genes encoding carbohydrate- and lignin-degrading enzymes, secondary metabolism genes and effector-like genes were expressed during the host colonization. CONCLUSIONS Our results provide additional insight into defense strategies employed by Norway spruce trees against Heterobasidion infection. The potential applications of the identified candidate genes as markers for higher resistance against root and butt rot deserve further evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andriy Kovalchuk
- Department of Forest Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 27, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Zhen Zeng
- Department of Forest Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 27, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Rajendra P. Ghimire
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Kuopio Campus, University of Eastern Finland (UEF), P.O. Box 1627, FIN-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Minna Kivimäenpää
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Kuopio Campus, University of Eastern Finland (UEF), P.O. Box 1627, FIN-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Tommaso Raffaello
- Department of Forest Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 27, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mengxia Liu
- Department of Forest Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 27, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mukrimin Mukrimin
- Department of Forest Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 27, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Forestry, Universitas Hasanuddin, Jln. Perintis Kemerdekaan Km. 10, Makassar, 90245 Indonesia
| | - Risto Kasanen
- Department of Forest Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 27, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hui Sun
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Riitta Julkunen-Tiitto
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Joensuu Campus, University of Eastern Finland (UEF), P.O. Box 111, FIN-80101 Joensuu, Finland
| | - Jarmo K. Holopainen
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Kuopio Campus, University of Eastern Finland (UEF), P.O. Box 1627, FIN-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Fred O. Asiegbu
- Department of Forest Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 27, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland
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33
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Zhang B, Hülskamp M. Evolutionary Analysis of MBW Function by Phenotypic Rescue in Arabidopsis thaliana. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:375. [PMID: 30984225 PMCID: PMC6449874 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The MBW complex consisting of the three proteins R2R3MYB, bHLH and WDR regulates five traits in Arabidopsis thaliana including trichome and root hair patterning, seed coat color, anthocyanidin production and seed coat mucilage release. The WDR gene TTG1 regulates each trait in specific combinations with different bHLH and R2R3MYB proteins. In this study we analyze to what extent the biochemical properties of the MBW proteins contribute to trait specificity by expressing them in appropriate A. thaliana mutants. We show that the rescue behavior of A. thaliana bHLH and R2R3MYB protein is sufficient to explain the function as derived previously from mutant analysis. When extending this rescue approach using MBW proteins from other species we find that proteins involved in anthocyanidin regulation typically show a rescue of the anthocyanidin phenotype but not of the other traits. Finally, we correlate the rescue abilities of MBW protein from different species with the A. thaliana proteins.
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Albert NW, Thrimawithana AH, McGhie TK, Clayton WA, Deroles SC, Schwinn KE, Bowman JL, Jordan BR, Davies KM. Genetic analysis of the liverwort Marchantia polymorpha reveals that R2R3MYB activation of flavonoid production in response to abiotic stress is an ancient character in land plants. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2018; 218:554-566. [PMID: 29363139 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The flavonoid pathway is hypothesized to have evolved during land colonization by plants c. 450 Myr ago for protection against abiotic stresses. In angiosperms, R2R3MYB transcription factors are key for environmental regulation of flavonoid production. However, angiosperm R2R3MYB gene families are larger than those of basal plants, and it is not known whether the regulatory system is conserved across land plants. We examined whether R2R3MYBs regulate the flavonoid pathway in liverworts, one of the earliest diverging land plant lineages. We characterized MpMyb14 from the liverwort Marchantia polymorpha using genetic mutagenesis, transgenic overexpression, gene promoter analysis, and transcriptomic and chemical analysis. MpMyb14 is phylogenetically basal to characterized angiosperm R2R3MYB flavonoid regulators. Mpmyb14 knockout lines lost all red pigmentation from the flavonoid riccionidin A, whereas overexpression conferred production of large amounts of flavones and riccionidin A, activation of associated biosynthetic genes, and constitutive red pigmentation. MpMyb14 expression and flavonoid pigmentation were induced by light- and nutrient-deprivation stress in M. polymorpha as for anthocyanins in angiosperms. MpMyb14 regulates stress-induced flavonoid production in M. polymorpha, and is essential for red pigmentation. This suggests that R2R3MYB regulated flavonoid production is a conserved character across land plants which arose early during land colonization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nick W Albert
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Private Bag 11600, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Amali H Thrimawithana
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Private Bag 92169, Auckland Mail Centre, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Tony K McGhie
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Private Bag 11600, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - William A Clayton
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Private Bag 11600, Palmerston North, New Zealand
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Lincoln University, Christchurch, 7647, New Zealand
| | - Simon C Deroles
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Private Bag 11600, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Kathy E Schwinn
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Private Bag 11600, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - John L Bowman
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | - Brian R Jordan
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Lincoln University, Christchurch, 7647, New Zealand
| | - Kevin M Davies
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Private Bag 11600, Palmerston North, New Zealand
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Zhao F, Li G, Hu P, Zhao X, Li L, Wei W, Feng J, Zhou H. Identification of basic/helix-loop-helix transcription factors reveals candidate genes involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis from the strawberry white-flesh mutant. Sci Rep 2018; 8:2721. [PMID: 29426907 PMCID: PMC5807450 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-21136-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
As the second largest transcription factor family in plant, the basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor family, characterized by the conserved bHLH domain, plays a central regulatory role in many biological process. However, the bHLH transcription factor family of strawberry has not been systematically identified, especially for the anthocyanin biosynthesis. Here, we identified a total of 113 bHLH transcription factors and described their chromosomal distribution and bioinformatics for the diploid woodland strawberry Fragaria vesca. In addition, transcription profiles of 113 orthologous bHLH genes from various tissues were analyzed for the cultivar 'Benihoppe', its white-flesh mutant 'Xiaobai', and the 'Snow Princess' from their fruit development to the ripening, as well as those under either the ABA or Eth treatment. Both the RT-PCR and qRT-PCR results show that seven selected FabHLH genes (FabHLH17, FabHLH25, FabHLH27, FabHLH29, FabHLH40, FabHLH80, FabHLH98) are responsive to the fruit anthocyanin biosynthesis and hormone signaling according to transcript profiles where three color modes are observed for strawberry's fruit skin and flesh. Further, prediction for the protein interaction network reveals that four bHLHs (FabHLH25, FabHLH29, FabHLH80, FabHLH98) are involved in the fruit anthocyanin biosynthesis and hormone signaling transduction. These bioinformatics and expression profiles provide a good basis for a further investigation of strawberry bHLH genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengli Zhao
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Fruit Breeding Technology, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Gang Li
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Fruit Breeding Technology, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Panpan Hu
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Fruit Breeding Technology, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xia Zhao
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Fruit Breeding Technology, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Liangjie Li
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Fruit Breeding Technology, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wei Wei
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Jiayue Feng
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Houcheng Zhou
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China.
- Key Laboratory of Fruit Breeding Technology, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Zhengzhou, China.
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Zhang B, Schrader A. TRANSPARENT TESTA GLABRA 1-Dependent Regulation of Flavonoid Biosynthesis. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2017; 6:E65. [PMID: 29261137 PMCID: PMC5750641 DOI: 10.3390/plants6040065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Revised: 12/02/2017] [Accepted: 12/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The flavonoid composition of various tissues throughout plant development is of biological relevance and particular interest for breeding. Arabidopsis thaliana TRANSPARENT TESTA GLABRA 1 (AtTTG1) is an essential regulator of late structural genes in flavonoid biosynthesis. Here, we provide a review of the regulation of the pathway's core enzymes through AtTTG1-containing R2R3-MYELOBLASTOSIS-basic HELIX-LOOP-HELIX-WD40 repeat (MBW(AtTTG1)) complexes embedded in an evolutionary context. We present a comprehensive collection of A. thalianattg1 mutants and AtTTG1 orthologs. A plethora of MBW(AtTTG1) mechanisms in regulating the five major TTG1-dependent traits is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bipei Zhang
- Botanical Institute, University of Cologne, Zuelpicher Str 47B, 50674 Cologne, Germany.
| | - Andrea Schrader
- Botanical Institute, University of Cologne, Zuelpicher Str 47B, 50674 Cologne, Germany.
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