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AL-Mhanna SB, Batrakoulis A, Wan Ghazali WS, Mohamed M, Aldayel A, Alhussain MH, Afolabi HA, Wada Y, Gülü M, Elkholi S, Abubakar BD, Rojas-Valverde D. Effects of combined aerobic and resistance training on glycemic control, blood pressure, inflammation, cardiorespiratory fitness and quality of life in patients with type 2 diabetes and overweight/obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PeerJ 2024; 12:e17525. [PMID: 38887616 PMCID: PMC11182026 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Structured aerobic or resistance training alone seems to be a beneficial tool for improving glucose homeostasis, chronic systemic inflammation, resting cardiovascular function, and mental health in people with obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The aim of the present study was to synthesize the available data on the effectiveness of combined aerobic and resistance training (CART) on glycemic control, blood pressure, inflammation, cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), and quality of life (QoL) in overweight and obese individuals with T2DM. Methods A database search was carried out in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Science Direct, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar from inception up to May 2023. The Cochrane risk of bias tool was used to assess eligible studies, and the GRADE method to evaluate the reliability of evidence. A random-effects model was used, and data were analyzed using standardized mean differences and 95% confidence intervals. The study protocol was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (ID: CRD42022355612). Results A total of 21,612 studies were retrieved; 20 studies were included, and data were extracted from 1,192 participants (mean age: 57 ± 7 years) who met the eligibility criteria. CART demonstrated significant improvements in body mass index, glycated hemoglobin, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, C-reactive protein, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-6, CRF, and QoL compared to ST. These findings highlight the significance of exercise interventions such as CART as essential elements within comprehensive diabetes management strategies, ultimately enhancing overall health outcomes in individuals with T2DM and overweight/obesity.No differences were found in resting heart rate between CART and ST. An uncertain risk of bias and poor quality of evidence were found among the eligible studies. Conclusion These outcomes show clear evidence considering the positive role of CART in inducing beneficial changes in various cardiometabolic and mental health-related indicators in patients with T2DM and concurrent overweight/obesity. More studies with robust methodological design are warranted to examine the dose-response relationship, training parameters configuration, and mechanisms behind these positive adaptations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameer Badri AL-Mhanna
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Alexios Batrakoulis
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, School of Physical Education, Sport Science and Dietetics, University of Thessaly, Trikala, Greece
| | | | - Mahaneem Mohamed
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Abdulaziz Aldayel
- Exercise Physiology Department, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maha H. Alhussain
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hafeez Abiola Afolabi
- Department of General Surgery, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Yusuf Wada
- Department of Zoology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Mehmet Gülü
- Department of Sports Management, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Kirikkale University, Kirikkale, Turkey
| | - Safaa Elkholi
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Daniel Rojas-Valverde
- Centro de Investigación y Diagnóstico en Salud y Deporte, Escuela Ciencias del Movimiento Humano y Calidad de Vida Universidad Nacional de Costa Rica, Heredia, Costa Rica
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Herrmann S, Fink M, Fagnocchi L, Matsuo K, Fink J, Lässle C, Marjanovic G, Fichtner-Feigl S, Pospisilik JA, Seifert G. Association of parental obesity with the profile of metabolic-bariatric surgery patients: a cohort study of the German StuDoQ|MBE registry. BMJ Open 2024; 14:e079217. [PMID: 38862221 PMCID: PMC11168148 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-079217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the association of parental obesity (PO) with onset of obesity, pre-surgical disease duration and body mass index (BMI) at the time of surgery in patients undergoing metabolic-bariatric surgery (MBS). DESIGN This is a cohort study of the German StuDoQ registry for metabolic-bariatric diseases. All surgical cases from initiation of the registry in September 2015 until August 2020 were screened for pertinent information. SETTING The registry is based on participating German hospitals of various sizes. PARTICIPANTS A total of 11 891 patients were included in this analysis, 74.2% of which were females and 25.8% males. Roux-en-Y gastric bypass was performed in 5652 (47.5%) cases, sleeve gastrectomy in 4618 (38.8%) cases and one-anastomosis gastric bypass in 1621 (13.6%) cases. RESULTS One-sided and two-sided PO are independently associated with early-onset obesity (OR 1.61, [95% CI, 1.47 to 1.76], p<0.001 and OR 2.45, [95% CI, 2.22 to 2.71], p<0.001) and prolonged pre-surgical disease duration (regression coefficient 2.39, [95% CI, 1.93 to 2.83], p<0.001 and regression coefficient 4.27, [95% CI, 3.80 to 4.75], p<0.001). Unlike one-sided PO, two-sided PO had a significant association with BMI at the time of surgery (regression coefficient 0.49, [95% CI, 0.14 to 0.85], p=0.006). Age at the onset of obesity and disease duration had a negative association with BMI at the time of surgery (regression coefficient -0.13, [95% CI, -0.14 to -0.11], p<0.001 and regression coefficient -0.05, [95% CI, -0.07 to -0.04], p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS This study established a clear association between PO status of patients undergoing MBS and their pre-surgical patient profile as well as known risk factors for poor postoperative response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Herrmann
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Medical Center - University of Freiburg Medical, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Mira Fink
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Medical Center - University of Freiburg Medical, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Luca Fagnocchi
- Department of Epigenetics, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA
| | - Koji Matsuo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jodok Fink
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Medical Center - University of Freiburg Medical, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Claudia Lässle
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Medical Center - University of Freiburg Medical, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Goran Marjanovic
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Medical Center - University of Freiburg Medical, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Fichtner-Feigl
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Medical Center - University of Freiburg Medical, Freiburg, Germany
| | - J Andrew Pospisilik
- Department of Epigenetics, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Gabriel Seifert
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Medical Center - University of Freiburg Medical, Freiburg, Germany
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Wang CJ, Chen CX, Liu Y, Wen Z, Li HY, Huang HT, Yang XS. Comparative analysis of perioperative outcomes in obese patients undergoing robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) versus open radical prostatectomy (ORP): a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Robot Surg 2024; 18:248. [PMID: 38856862 DOI: 10.1007/s11701-024-02010-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to conduct a comparative analysis of the perioperative outcomes associated with robot-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy (RARP) versus open radical prostatectomy (ORP) in the obese population diagnosed with prostate cancer. We performed a comprehensive search in key databases such as PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library, encompassing studies of all languages, with a final search date of April 2024. We also omitted articles that consisted of conference abstracts and content that was not pertinent to our study. The aggregated outcomes were evaluated utilizing the metrics of weighted mean differences (WMDs) and odds ratios (ORs). A sensitivity analysis was also integrated into our assessment. The meta-analysis was facilitated by employing Stata/MP version 18 software. Additionally, the study was duly registered with PROSPERO under the identifier: CRD 42024540216. This meta-analysis, which included five trials, shows that compared to ORP, RARP is associated with a reduced estimated blood loss (EBL) (WMD -445.77, 95%CI -866.08, -25.45; p = 0.038), a decreased transfusion rate (OR 0.17, 95%CI 0.13, 0.21; p < 0.001), and a diminished overall complication rate (OR 0.71, 95%CI 0.58, 0.86; p = 0.001). No statistically significant differences were found in operative time (OT) (WMD 1.88, 95%CI -46.53, 50.28; p = 0.939) or length of stay (LOS) (WMD -0.41, 95%CI -1.07, 0.25; p = 0.221). Among patients with obesity and prostate cancer, RARP demonstrates advantages over ORP by reducing estimated blood loss, transfusion requirements, and the incidence of complications. Notably, there were no significant differences in operative duration and hospital stay between the two surgical approaches. These findings suggest that RARP could be a preferable surgical option for obese individuals with prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong-Jian Wang
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Cai-Xia Chen
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Zhi Wen
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Hong-Yuan Li
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Hao-Tian Huang
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Xue-Song Yang
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China.
- Health Management Center, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China.
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Cho YH, Sakong H, Oh MJ, Seo TB. Assessing the Risk of Normal Weight Obesity in Korean Women across Generations: A Study on Body Composition and Physical Fitness. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:1142. [PMID: 38891217 PMCID: PMC11171998 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12111142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Normal weight obesity (NWO) refers to a condition in which the body mass index falls within the normal range, but the percent of body fat is excessive. Although there are reports of a high prevalence of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases in NWO, analyses regarding physical fitness have been lacking. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to analyze the age-related prevalence of NWO and to examine physical fitness across generations. Our study utilized a dataset comprising 119,835 participants for analysis. The prevalence of NWO across ages was examined using cross-tabulation analysis. For body composition and physical fitness, medians and group differences were assessed by generation through Kruskal-Wallis and Bonferroni post hoc tests. Additionally, univariate logistic regression was adopted to analyze the odds ratio. The prevalence of NWO in Korean women was 18.3%. The fat-free mass of the NWO group was consistently lower than that of both the group with normal body mass indexes (Normal) and obese body mass indexes (Obesity) across all generations. Additionally, the waist circumference and blood pressure were greater in the now group than in the Normal group. When considering maximal strength, muscle endurance, power, balance, and coordination, the NWO group exhibited lower levels compared to the Normal group. The NWO group showed lower muscle mass than both the Normal and Obesity groups, resulting in significantly reduced physical fitness compared to that of the Normal group, similar to the Obesity group. This condition may increase not only the risk of posing a potentially more serious health concern than obesity but also the risk of falls in elderly people. Therefore, based on this study, it is crucial to not only define obesity using BMI criteria but also to diagnose NWO. Public health policies and preventive measures must be implemented accordingly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeong-Hyun Cho
- Department of Sport Science, College of Natural Science, Jeju National University, 102 Jejudaehak-ro, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea;
| | - Hyuk Sakong
- Korea Institute of Sport Science, 727 Hwarang-ro, Nowongu, Seoul 01794, Republic of Korea;
| | - Myung-Jin Oh
- Division of Sports Science, Baekseok University, 1 Baekseokdaehak-ro, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan-si 31065, Republic of Korea;
| | - Tae-Beom Seo
- Department of Sport Science, College of Natural Science, Jeju National University, 102 Jejudaehak-ro, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea;
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Lau Y, Wong SH, Chee DGH, Ng BSP, Ang WW, Han CY, Cheng LJ. Technology-delivered personalized nutrition intervention on dietary outcomes among adults with overweight and obesity: A systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression. Obes Rev 2024; 25:e13699. [PMID: 38296771 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
The prevalence of overweight and obesity has continued to increase globally, and one-size-fits-all dietary recommendations may not be suitable for different individual characteristics. A personalized nutrition intervention may be a potential solution. This review aims to evaluate the effects of the technology-delivered personalized nutrition intervention on energy, fat, vegetable, and fruit intakes among adults with overweight and obesity. A three-step comprehensive search strategy was performed from 10 databases and seven clinical registries in published and unpublished trials. A total of 46 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involving 19,670 adults with overweight and obesity from 14 countries are included. Subgroup and meta-regression analyses were conducted. Meta-analyses showed a reduction of energy intake (-128.05, 95% CI: -197.08, -59.01) and fat intake (-1.81% energy/days, 95% CI: -3.38, -0.24, and -0.19 scores, 95% CI: -0.40, 0.02) in the intervention compared with the comparator. Significant improvements in vegetable and fruit intakes with 0.12-0.15 servings/day were observed in the intervention. Combined one- and two-way interactions had a greater effect on energy intake reduction compared with their counterparts. Meta-regression analyses revealed that no significant covariates were found. Given that the certainty of the evidence was rated as low or very low, further well-designed RCTs with long-term follow-up are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Lau
- The Nethersole School of Nursing, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | | | | | - Brenda Sok Peng Ng
- Alice Lee Centre for Nursing Studies, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wen Wei Ang
- Alice Lee Centre for Nursing Studies, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chad Yixian Han
- Caring Futures Institute, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Ling Jie Cheng
- Health Systems and Behavioural Science Domain, Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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Janet R, Smallwood J, Hutcherson CA, Plassmann H, Mckeown B, Tusche A. Body mass index-dependent shifts along large-scale gradients in human cortical organization explain dietary regulatory success. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2314224121. [PMID: 38648482 PMCID: PMC11067012 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2314224121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Making healthy dietary choices is essential for keeping weight within a normal range. Yet many people struggle with dietary self-control despite good intentions. What distinguishes neural processing in those who succeed or fail to implement healthy eating goals? Does this vary by weight status? To examine these questions, we utilized an analytical framework of gradients that characterize systematic spatial patterns of large-scale neural activity, which have the advantage of considering the entire suite of processes subserving self-control and potential regulatory tactics at the whole-brain level. Using an established laboratory food task capturing brain responses in natural and regulatory conditions (N = 123), we demonstrate that regulatory changes of dietary brain states in the gradient space predict individual differences in dietary success. Better regulators required smaller shifts in brain states to achieve larger goal-consistent changes in dietary behaviors, pointing toward efficient network organization. This pattern was most pronounced in individuals with lower weight status (low-BMI, body mass index) but absent in high-BMI individuals. Consistent with prior work, regulatory goals increased activity in frontoparietal brain circuits. However, this shift in brain states alone did not predict variance in dietary success. Instead, regulatory success emerged from combined changes along multiple gradients, showcasing the interplay of different large-scale brain networks subserving dietary control and possible regulatory strategies. Our results provide insights into how the brain might solve the problem of dietary control: Dietary success may be easier for people who adopt modes of large-scale brain activation that do not require significant reconfigurations across contexts and goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rémi Janet
- Department of Psychology, Queen’s University, Kingston, ONK7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Jonathan Smallwood
- Department of Psychology, Queen’s University, Kingston, ONK7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Cendri A. Hutcherson
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ONM5S 2E5, Canada
- Department of Marketing, Rotman School of Management, University of Toronto, Toronto, ONM5S 3E6, Canada
| | - Hilke Plassmann
- Marketing Area, INSEAD, FontainebleauF-77300, France
- Control-Interoception-Attention Team, Paris Brain Institute (ICM), Sorbonne University, Paris75013, France
| | - Bronte Mckeown
- Department of Psychology, Queen’s University, Kingston, ONK7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Anita Tusche
- Department of Psychology, Queen’s University, Kingston, ONK7L 3N6, Canada
- Division of Humanities and Social Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA91125
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Esparham A, Roohi S, Abdollahi Moghaddam A, Anari Moghadam H, Shoar S, Khorgami Z. The association of bariatric surgery with myocardial infarction and coronary revascularization: a propensity score match analysis of National Inpatient Sample. Surg Obes Relat Dis 2024:S1550-7289(24)00157-6. [PMID: 38744643 DOI: 10.1016/j.soard.2024.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic bariatric surgery (MBS) not only leads to a durable weight loss but also lowers mortality, and reduces cardiovascular risks. OBJECTIVES The current study aims to investigate the association of bariatric metabolic surgery (BMS) with admissions for acute myocardial infarction (AMI), including ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI), as well as, coronary revascularization procedures, including percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), coronary artery bypass graft (CABG), and thrombolysis. SETTING The National Inpatient Sample (NIS) database. METHODS The NIS data from 2016 to 2020 were analyzed. A propensity score matching in a 1:1 ratio was performed to match patients with history of MBS with non-MBS group. RESULTS Two hundred thirty-three thousand seven hundred twenty-nine patients from the non-MBS group were matched with 233,729 patients with history of MBS. The MBS group had about 52% reduced odds of admission for AMI compared to the non-MBS group (adjusted odd ratio: .477, 95% confidence interval: .454-.502, P value <.001). In addition, the odds of STEMI and NSEMI were significantly lower in the MBS group in comparison to the non-MBS group. Also, the MBS group had significantly lower odds of CABG, PCI, and thrombolysis compared to the non-MBS group. In addition, in patients with AMI, MBS was associated with lower in-hospital mortality (adjusted odd ratio: .627, 95% confidence interval: .469-.839, P value = .004), length of hospital stays, and total charges. CONCLUSIONS History of MBS is significantly associated with reduced risk of admission for AMI including STEMI and NSTEMI, as well as the, need for coronary revascularization such as PCI and CABG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Esparham
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Samira Roohi
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Alireza Abdollahi Moghaddam
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hengameh Anari Moghadam
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Saeed Shoar
- Department of Clinical Research, Scientific Collaborative Initiative, Houston/Largo, Texas
| | - Zhamak Khorgami
- Department of Surgery, University of Oklahoma School of Community Medicine, Tulsa, Oklahoma; Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma.
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Lam A, Piya MK, Foroughi N, Mohsin M, Chimoriya R, Kormas N, Conti J, Hay P. Predictors of Mental Health Outcomes in a Multidisciplinary Weight Management Program for Class 3 Obesity. Nutrients 2024; 16:1068. [PMID: 38613100 PMCID: PMC11013199 DOI: 10.3390/nu16071068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to examine the potential predictors of improvement in mental health outcomes following participation in an intensive non-surgical outpatient weight management program (WMP) in an Australian public hospital. This was a retrospective cohort study of all adults with Class 3 obesity (BMI ≥ 40 kg/m2) who enrolled in the WMP from March 2018 to June 2021. The participants completed the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire Short Version (EDE-QS), Kessler-10 Psychological Distress Scale, and 36-Item Short-Form Survey (SF-36) at baseline and 12-month follow-up. A total of 115 patients completed 12 months in the WMP and were included in the study, with 76.5% being female, a mean ± SD age at baseline of 51.3 ± 13.8 years, a weight of 146 ± 26 kg, and a BMI of 51.1 ± 8.6 kg/m2. The participants lost an average of 8.6 ± 0.2 kg over 12 months, and greater weight loss at follow-up was significantly associated with improved global EDE-QS scores, psychological distress, and improved mental health quality of life. However, improvements in most mental health outcomes were not predicted by weight loss alone. Notably, a lower eating disorder risk at baseline was associated with less psychological distress at follow-up and greater weight loss at follow-up. Our results also found an association between reduced psychological distress and reduced binge eating frequency. These findings support the inclusion components of obesity interventions that target the psychological correlates of obesity to support improved outcomes in people with Class 3 obesity. Future studies should aim to identify which aspects of the WMP helped improve people's psychological outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley Lam
- School of Psychology, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW 2560, Australia;
| | - Milan K. Piya
- Translational Health Research Institute, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia; (M.K.P.); (N.F.); (R.C.)
- Camden and Campbelltown Hospitals, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia;
| | - Nasim Foroughi
- Translational Health Research Institute, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia; (M.K.P.); (N.F.); (R.C.)
| | - Mohammed Mohsin
- Mental Health Research and Teaching Unit, Liverpool Hospital, South Western Sydney Local Health District, NSW Health, Liverpool, NSW 1871, Australia;
- Faculty of Medicine & Health, School of Clinical Medicine, Discipline of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Ritesh Chimoriya
- Translational Health Research Institute, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia; (M.K.P.); (N.F.); (R.C.)
| | - Nic Kormas
- Camden and Campbelltown Hospitals, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia;
| | - Janet Conti
- School of Psychology, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW 2560, Australia;
- Translational Health Research Institute, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia; (M.K.P.); (N.F.); (R.C.)
| | - Phillipa Hay
- Translational Health Research Institute, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia; (M.K.P.); (N.F.); (R.C.)
- Camden and Campbelltown Hospitals, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia;
- Mental Health Research and Teaching Unit, Liverpool Hospital, South Western Sydney Local Health District, NSW Health, Liverpool, NSW 1871, Australia;
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Juul-Hindsgaul N, Alalwani Z, Boylan AM, Hartmann-Boyce J, Nunan D. Defining success in adult obesity management: A systematic review and framework synthesis of clinical practice guidelines. Clin Obes 2024; 14:e12631. [PMID: 38320758 DOI: 10.1111/cob.12631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2024]
Abstract
Obesity is a chronic and complex disease affecting millions of people worldwide. Currently, there is no standard definition of success for the management of obesity. We set out to complete a synthesis of clinical practice guidelines for obesity management for adult populations, aiming to provide both a quantitative descriptive and qualitative analysis of definitions of success in clinical practice guidelines. An electronic search retrieved 4477 references. Sixteen clinical practice guidelines were included after screening and full-text review. We coded definitions of success 147 times across the included guidelines. No standard or explicit definition of success was identified in the guidelines but rather success was implicitly defined. We developed three themes describing how success was defined in the clinical practice guidelines: Knowledge-based decision making; management of expectations; and the perception of control. The review reinforced that success is an inherently subjective and complex concept. Defining success is limited by existing studies that focus on weight loss and would benefit from additional research on different outcomes. Equally, the relationship between people living with obesity and their clinicians should be further explored to understand how defining success is controlled, discussed and framed in a clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Juul-Hindsgaul
- Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine, Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department for Continuing Education, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Zahra Alalwani
- Department for Continuing Education, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Anne-Marie Boylan
- Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine, Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jamie Hartmann-Boyce
- Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine, Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - David Nunan
- Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine, Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Apaer S, Aizezi Z, Cao X, Wu J, Zhang Y, Tuersunmaimaiti A, Zhao J, Li T, Yang W, Tuxun T. Safety and Efficacy of LSG Versus LRYGB on Patients with Obesity: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis from RCTs. Obes Surg 2024; 34:1138-1151. [PMID: 38351200 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-024-07076-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (LRYGB) and laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) are the two most frequently performed techniques in treating obesity and its related comorbidities. We aimed to compare the clinical efficacy and safety of LSG with LRYGB in terms of short- and mid-term outcomes of weight loss, obesity-related comorbidities, and post-operative complications via a meta-analysis of RCTs. METHODS Clinical comparative RCTs on LSG and LRYGB were searched through PubMed, MEDLINE, and Web of Science databases from inception to August 2022. Pooled outcomes from the selected studies were discussed by the random-effect meta-analysis method. Quality assessment and risk of bias for selected RCTs were implemented, and all the statistical analyses were performed. RESULTS Twenty studies, including 1270 patients, were enrolled. Meta-analysis results indicated the great superior efficacy of LRYGB to LSG in BMI loss at 6 (MD -1.35 kg/m2, 95% CI: -2.07 to -0.62, p = 0.0003), 12 months (MD -1.09 kg/m2, 95% CI: -1.86 to -0.33, p = 0.005), and 36 months (MD -1.47 kg/m2, 95% CI: -2.77 to -0.16, p = 0.03) as well as %EWL gaining at 36 months. Significantly higher remission rates of T2DM and dyslipidemia were achieved by LRYGB at 12 months. Besides, better improvements for T2DM-related and lipid biochemical parameters were found favoring LRYGB. However, LSG resulted in a lower post-operative complication rate and shorter operating time. CONCLUSIONS Present meta-analysis results suggested that LRYGB was superior to LSG concerning short- and mid-term weight loss, short-term T2DM remission efficacy, and related biochemical parameters. LSG is favored for obviously fewer complications and shorter operating time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shadike Apaer
- Department of Liver & Laparoscopic Surgery, Digestive & Vascular Surgery Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Zulifeiye Aizezi
- Department of Medical Affairs, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Xinling Cao
- Department of Liver & Laparoscopic Surgery, Digestive & Vascular Surgery Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Jing Wu
- Department of Liver & Laparoscopic Surgery, Digestive & Vascular Surgery Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Yunfei Zhang
- Department of Liver & Laparoscopic Surgery, Digestive & Vascular Surgery Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Adudusalamu Tuersunmaimaiti
- Department of Liver & Laparoscopic Surgery, Digestive & Vascular Surgery Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Jinming Zhao
- Department of Liver & Laparoscopic Surgery, Digestive & Vascular Surgery Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Liver & Laparoscopic Surgery, Digestive & Vascular Surgery Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Wah Yang
- Department of Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Tuerhongjiang Tuxun
- Department of Liver & Laparoscopic Surgery, Digestive & Vascular Surgery Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China.
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11
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de Souza KR, Engel NA, Soares HJ, Bressan CBC, Dela Vedova LM, da Silva LE, Mendes TF, da Silva MR, de Oliveira MP, Goulart AI, Córneo E, de Medeiros Borges H, Michels M, Bittencourt JVS, de Roch Casagrande L, Ferreira GK, Petronilho FC, Dal-Pizzol F, Silveira PCL, de Bitencourt RM, da Silva MG, Rezin GT. Nutritional strategies cause memory damage and alter biochemical parameters without causing neuroinflammation. Metab Brain Dis 2024; 39:635-648. [PMID: 38429463 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-023-01311-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Obesity results from an energy imbalance and has been considered an epidemic due to its increasing rates worldwide. It is classified as a low-grade chronic inflammatory disease and has associated comorbidities. Different nutritional strategies are used for the purpose of weight loss, highlighting low-carbohydrate (LC) diets, ketogenic diets, and intermittent fasting (IF). These strategies can lead to metabolic and behavioral changes as they stimulate different biochemical pathways. Therefore, this study evaluated memory, energy metabolism, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and antioxidant defense parameters in mice subjected to an LC diet, ketogenic diet (KD), or IF. Eighty male Swiss mice, 60 days old, were divided into 4 groups: control, LC, KD, or IF. Body weight was measured weekly, and food intake every 48 h. After 15 days of nutritional interventions, the animals were subjected to the behavioral object recognition test and subsequently euthanized. Then, visceral fat was removed and weighed, and the brain was isolated for inflammatory and biochemical analysis. We concluded from this study that the LC and KD strategies could damage memory, IF improves the production of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and the LC, KD, and IF strategies do not lead to neuroinflammatory damage but present damage at the level of oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keila Rufatto de Souza
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Av. José Acácio Moreira, 787, Tubarão, Santa Catarina, 88704-900, Brazil
| | - Nicole Alessandra Engel
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Av. José Acácio Moreira, 787, Tubarão, Santa Catarina, 88704-900, Brazil
| | - Hevylin Jacinto Soares
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Av. José Acácio Moreira, 787, Tubarão, Santa Catarina, 88704-900, Brazil
| | - Catarina Barbosa Chaves Bressan
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Av. José Acácio Moreira, 787, Tubarão, Santa Catarina, 88704-900, Brazil
| | - Larissa Marques Dela Vedova
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Av. José Acácio Moreira, 787, Tubarão, Santa Catarina, 88704-900, Brazil
| | - Larissa Espindola da Silva
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Av. José Acácio Moreira, 787, Tubarão, Santa Catarina, 88704-900, Brazil
| | - Talita Farias Mendes
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Av. José Acácio Moreira, 787, Tubarão, Santa Catarina, 88704-900, Brazil
| | - Mariella Reinol da Silva
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Av. José Acácio Moreira, 787, Tubarão, Santa Catarina, 88704-900, Brazil
| | - Mariana Pacheco de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Av. José Acácio Moreira, 787, Tubarão, Santa Catarina, 88704-900, Brazil.
| | - Amanda Indalecio Goulart
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathophysiology, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, University of the Extreme South of Santa Catarina, Criciúma, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Emily Córneo
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathophysiology, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, University of the Extreme South of Santa Catarina, Criciúma, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Heloísa de Medeiros Borges
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathophysiology, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, University of the Extreme South of Santa Catarina, Criciúma, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Monique Michels
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathophysiology, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, University of the Extreme South of Santa Catarina, Criciúma, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - João Vitor Silvano Bittencourt
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathophysiology, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, University of the Extreme South of Santa Catarina, Criciúma, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Laura de Roch Casagrande
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathophysiology, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, University of the Extreme South of Santa Catarina, Criciúma, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | | | - Fabricia Cardoso Petronilho
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathophysiology, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, University of the Extreme South of Santa Catarina, Criciúma, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Felipe Dal-Pizzol
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathophysiology, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, University of the Extreme South of Santa Catarina, Criciúma, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Paulo Cesar Lock Silveira
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathophysiology, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, University of the Extreme South of Santa Catarina, Criciúma, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Rafael Mariano de Bitencourt
- Behavioral Neuroscience Laboratory, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Tubarão, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Marina Goulart da Silva
- Behavioral Neuroscience Laboratory, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Tubarão, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Gislaine Tezza Rezin
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Av. José Acácio Moreira, 787, Tubarão, Santa Catarina, 88704-900, Brazil
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12
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Marsk R, Freedman F, Yan J, Karlsson L, Sandborgh-Englund G. Metabolic surgery and oral health: A register-based study. Oral Dis 2024; 30:1643-1651. [PMID: 36825372 DOI: 10.1111/odi.14548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The impact of weight loss surgery on oral health is not clear. The aim of the present study was to investigate its impact on the risk for dental interventions. MATERIALS AND METHODS All adults who underwent metabolic surgery in Sweden between January 1, 2009 and December 31, 2018 were identified in the Scandinavian Obesity Surgery Registry (SOReg; n = 53,643). A control cohort from the general population was created, matched 10:1 on sex, age and place of residence (n = 536,430). All individuals were followed in the Swedish Dental Register regarding event rates for four types of dental intervention: restorative, endodontic and periodontal interventions, and tooth extractions. RESULTS The surgical cohort had increased interventional rates postoperatively regarding all studied outcomes except periodontal interventions. Dental interventions were more common in the surgical cohort both pre- and postoperatively. The difference between the groups increased markedly in the postoperative period. The between-group comparison postoperatively showed increased event rates for restorations (IRR 1.8; 95% CI 1.7-1.8), extractions (1.9; 95% CI 1.9-2.0) and endodontics (2.1; 95% CI 2.0-2.1). CONCLUSION The surgical intervention might cause a substantial negative impact on oral health. These results imply an important role for counselling metabolic surgery patients regarding preventive oral health measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Marsk
- Department of Surgery and Urology, Danderyd Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Freja Freedman
- Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jacinth Yan
- Division of Biostatistics, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lena Karlsson
- Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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13
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Dos Santos Pereira DB, Dos Santos IKS, Vieira Pastorello CC, da Silva Mazzeti CM, Queiroz Pereira MH, Amorim Sena Pereira ML, de Oliveira MH, Lisboa Conde W. Risk assessment of obesity-related noncommunicable diseases through body mass index trajectories in adulthood: NHANES 2007-2018. Am J Hum Biol 2024; 36:e24000. [PMID: 37830763 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.24000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To assess the impact of adult body mass index (BMI) trajectories on the risk of obesity-related noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) in the U.S. adults after adjustment for sociodemographic and lifestyle factors. METHODS Data were extracted from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey conducted from 2007 to 2018, including male and female participants aged 29-59 years. Rao-Scott adjusted chi-square was employed to detect associations between categorical variables in descriptive analyses. Cox proportional hazards models estimated hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for NCDs and BMI trajectories, adjusted for sociodemographic and lifestyle factors. Kaplan-Meier curves illustrated the cumulative incidence over time. RESULTS Analyses were carried out on 15 721 participants and revealing significant differences among BMI trajectories in terms of demographic, lifestyle, and health characteristics. The overall prevalence of NCDs was 28.0% (95%CI:26.6-28.9). The cumulative incidence over time was higher in the high increase, moderate increase, and mixed trajectory groups, with a correspondingly higher cumulative risk (p < 0.001). Non-overweight trajectory was considered reference category in Cox models. The BMI trajectories were independently associated with an increased risk of NCDs, even after adjusting for potential confounders (HR: 1.7; 95%CI: 1.4-1.9 for moderate increase; HR: 3.6; 95%CI: 3.2-4.1 for high increase; and HR: 2.4; 95%CI: 2.1-2.7, for mixed). Furthermore, differences between males and females were also observed. CONCLUSION The transition to and persistence of obesity into adulthood increases the risk of NCDs. The implementation of targeted interventions with long-term monitoring of BMI may be beneficial in the prevention of future obesity-related NCDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Débora Borges Dos Santos Pereira
- School of Public Health. Department of Nutrition, Graduate Program in Nutrition in Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Iolanda Karla Santana Dos Santos
- School of Public Health. Department of Nutrition, Graduate Program in Nutrition in Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Foundation Federal University of ABC, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cláudia Cristina Vieira Pastorello
- School of Public Health. Department of Nutrition, Graduate Program in Nutrition in Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Mariane Helen de Oliveira
- School of Public Health. Department of Nutrition, Graduate Program in Nutrition in Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Wolney Lisboa Conde
- School of Public Health. Department of Nutrition, Graduate Program in Nutrition in Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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14
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Heald A, Stedman M, Fryer AA, Davies MB, Rutter MK, Gibson JM, Whyte M. Counting the lifetime cost of obesity: Analysis based on national England data. Diabetes Obes Metab 2024; 26:1464-1478. [PMID: 38312024 DOI: 10.1111/dom.15447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
AIM Obesity has a significant impact on all-cause mortality rate and overall health care resource use (HCRU). These outcomes are also strongly linked to age, sex and local deprivation of the population. We aimed to establish the lifetime costs of obesity by demographic group/geographic area using published mortality rates and HCRU use for integrated care boards (ICB) in England in the context of costs of therapeutic intervention. METHODS Population and expected mortality rates by age, sex and deprivation were obtained from national data. Obesity class prevalence was taken from the health of the nation study. The published impact of obesity by age, group, sex and deprivation on mortality and HCRU were applied to estimate life years lost and lifetime HCRU [by sex, age band and body mass index (BMI) class for each ICB]. The year 2019 was chosen as the study basis data to avoid influences of COVID-19 pandemic on obesity rates with application of 2022/23 HCRU values. Outcomes including prevalence, deaths, life years lost, HCRU and lifetime HCRU were compared by age and sex groups across four BMI classes normal/underweight (BMI <25 kg/m2 ), overweight (25-29.9 kg/m2 ), obese class I and II (30-39.9 kg/m2 ), and obese class III (≥40), with benchmarking being set against all population being BMI <25 kg/m2 overall and by each of the 42 ICBs. We also associated future life with deaths to provide an estimate of 'future life years lost' occurring each year. RESULTS Total population aged >16 years was 45.4 million (51% female). PREVALENCE 13.7 million (28% of the total adult population) had a BMI ≥30 mg/m2 and BMI ≥40 kg/m2 were 1.50 million (12%) of these 1.0 million (68%) were female and of these 0.6 million 40% were women aged 16-49 years. In addition, 35% of those with a BMI ≥40 kg/m2 were in the top deprivation quintile (i.e. overall 20%). Mortality was based on expected deaths of 518K/year, and modelling suggested that if a BMI <25 kg/m2 was achieved in all individuals, the death rate would fall by 63K to 455K/year for the English population (12% reduction). For those with a BMI ≥40 kg/m2 the predicted reduction was 12K deaths (54% lower); while in those aged 16-49 years with a BMI ≥40 kg/m2 72% of deaths were linked to obesity. For future life years lost, we estimated 2.5 years were lost in people with BMI 30-39.9 kg/m2 6.7 years when BMI ≥40 kg/m2 . However, for those aged 16-49 years with a BMI ≥40 kg/m2 , 8.3 years were lost. HCRU, for weight reduction, the annual HCRU decrease from BMI ≥40 kg/m2 to BMI 30-39.9 kg/m2 was £342 per person and from BMI 30-39.9 to 25-29.9 kg/m2 the reduction was £316/person. However, lifetime costs were similar because of reduced life expectancy for obese individuals. In quality adjusted life years (QALY), overall, 791 689 future life years were lost (13.1% of all) in people with BMI ≥25 kg/m2 and were related to excess weight. When the NICE £30 000 per QALY value was applied to the estimated total 791 689 future life years lost then the potential QALY value reduction lost was equivalent to £24 billion/year or £522/person in the obese population. For morbidly obese men and women the potential QALY value lost was £2864/person/year. Regarding geography, across the 42 ICBs, we observed significant variation in the prevalence of BMI ≥40 (1.8%-4.3%), excess mortality (11.6%-15.4%) and HCRU linked to higher BMI (7.2%-8.8%). The areas with the greatest impact on HCRU were in the north-west, north-east and Midlands of England, while the south shows less impact. CONCLUSION The expected increases in annual HCRU because of obesity, when considered over a lifetime, are being mitigated by the increased mortality of obese individuals. Our data suggest that simple short-term HCRU reduction brought about through BMI reduction will be insufficient to fund additional specialist weight reduction interventions. The HRCUs associated with BMI are not in most cases related to short-term health conditions. They are a cumulative result over a number of years, so for age 16-49 years reducing BMI from ≥40 to 30-39.9 kg/m2 might show an annual decrease in HCRU/person by £325/year for women and £80/year for men but this might not have immediately occurred within that year. For those aged >70 years reducing BMI from ≥40 to 30-39.9 kg/m2 might show an annual decrease in HCRU/person by £777/year for women and £796/year for men but also may not be manifest within that year. However, for the morbidly obese men and women, the potential QALY value lost was £2864 per person per year with the potential for these funds to be applied to intensive weight management programmes, including pharmacotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Heald
- The School of Medicine and Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester University, Manchester, UK
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Salford Royal Hospital, Salford, UK
| | | | | | | | - Martin K Rutter
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Gastroenterology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - J Martin Gibson
- The School of Medicine and Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester University, Manchester, UK
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Salford Royal Hospital, Salford, UK
| | - Martin Whyte
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
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15
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Naja F, Abdulmalik M, Ayoub J, Mahmoud A, Nasreddine L. Dietary patterns and their associations with postpartum weight retention: results of the MINA cohort study. Eur J Nutr 2024; 63:809-820. [PMID: 38180505 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-023-03305-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine the association of prepregnancy dietary patterns with postpartum weight retention at 6 months (PPWR6) among Lebanese and Qatari women. METHODS Data for this study were derived from the Mother and Infant Nutrition Assessment (MINA) prospective cohort study conducted in Lebanon and Qatar. Pregnant women were recruited during their first trimester and were followed up for three years. For the purpose of this study, data belonging to sociodemographic characteristics of participants, prepregnancy dietary intake, prepregnancy BMI as well as weight retention at 6 months were used. Dietary intake was examined using a 98-item food frequency questionnaire. Principal component analysis was used for the derivation of dietary patterns. The associations of dietary patterns with PPWR6 were examined using simple and multiple linear regressions. RESULTS Data was available for 177 participants (Lebanon: 93; Qatar: 84). Mean PPWR6 was 4.05 ± 5.29 kg. Significantly higher PPWR6 was observed among participants with pre-pregnancy overweight/obesity and among those with excessive gestational weight gain. Two dietary patterns were identified: the "Western" and the "Varied" patterns. After adjustment for confounders, a positive association was observed between the 'Western' pattern scores and PPWR6 (ß = 1.27; 95% CI 0.68-1.86; p value: < 0.0001). CONCLUSION Higher adherence to the Western pattern was associated with higher PPWR6 amongst women, hence underscoring the importance of public health interventions aimed at fostering healthier dietary habits during this crucial stage of the lifecycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farah Naja
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences (RIMHS), College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Jennifer Ayoub
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Amira Mahmoud
- Public Health Department, Ministry of Public Health, Doha, Qatar
| | - Lara Nasreddine
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.
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16
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Wagner NRF, Lopes MCP, Fernandes R, Taconelli CA, Nascimento GM, Pessini J, Trindade EBSDM, Campos ACL. Effects of Probiotic Use on Gastrointestinal Symptoms in the Late Postoperative Period of Bariatric Surgery: A Cross-Over, Randomized, Triple-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study. Obes Surg 2024; 34:1306-1315. [PMID: 38418752 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-024-07117-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite the benefits associated with weight reduction, the anatomical and functional changes of bariatric surgery may favor the development of undesirable side effects such as the appearance of gastrointestinal symptoms (GIS). The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of using probiotics in individuals with GIS 1 year after being submitted to Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass (RYGB). MATERIALS AND METHODS This is an experimental, prospective, randomized, cross-over, triple-blind, placebo-controlled study, carried out with patients 1 year after being submitted to RYGB and who reported at least one moderate GIS. Subjects were randomized into two groups and completed the two research periods: in one they received placebo capsules, in the other 50 billion CFU of probiotics (Lactobacillus acidophilus, Bifidobacterium lactis, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Bifidobacterium longum, Lactobacillus plantarum, Bifidobacterium bifidum and Lactobacillus gasseri), both for 8 weeks, with 8 weeks of wash-out period in between, and were evaluated for the presence of Small Intestine Bacterial Overgrowth (SIBO) and GIS, through the Hydrogen breath test and Gastric Symptom Rating Scale (GSRS) questionnaire. RESULTS Of a total of 56 participants, 47 individuals completed the study. No significant effects were observed in neither the gastrointestinal symptoms or in the prevalence of SIBO with the use of probiotics. CONCLUSION Supplementation of the probiotics chosen for this study does not seem to alleviate GIS or influence the improvement of SIBO in symptomatic patients after 1 year of RYGB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalia Ramori Farinha Wagner
- Universidade Federal Do Paraná (UFPR), Rua General Carneiro, 181, Centro, Curitiba, PR, 80060-900, Brazil.
- , Curitiba, Brazil.
| | - Maria Clara Peixoto Lopes
- Universidade Federal Do Paraná (UFPR), Rua General Carneiro, 181, Centro, Curitiba, PR, 80060-900, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Fernandes
- Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados (UFGD), Rodovia Dourados/Itahum, Km 12, Cidade Universitária, Dourados, MS, 79804-970, Brazil
| | - Cesar Augusto Taconelli
- Universidade Federal Do Paraná (UFPR), R. Evaristo F. Ferreira da Costa, 408, Jardim Ds Americas, Curitiba, 81530-090, Brazil
| | - Giovanna Mozzaquatro Nascimento
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Campus Universitário Reitor João David Ferreira Lima, S/nº, Trindade, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Julia Pessini
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Campus Universitário Reitor João David Ferreira Lima, S/nº, Trindade, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil
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17
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Ariaee A, Wardill HR, Wignall A, Prestidge CA, Joyce P. The Degree of Inulin Polymerization Is Important for Short-Term Amelioration of High-Fat Diet (HFD)-Induced Metabolic Dysfunction and Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis in Rats. Foods 2024; 13:1039. [PMID: 38611345 PMCID: PMC11011263 DOI: 10.3390/foods13071039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Inulin, a non-digestible polysaccharide, has gained attention for its prebiotic properties, particularly in the context of obesity, a condition increasingly understood as a systemic inflammatory state linked to gut microbiota composition. This study investigates the short-term protective effects of inulin with different degrees of polymerization (DPn) against metabolic health deterioration and gut microbiota alterations induced by a high-fat diet (HFD) in Sprague Dawley rats. Inulin treatments with an average DPn of 7, 14, and 27 were administered at 1 g/kg of bodyweight to HFD-fed rats over 21 days. Body weight, systemic glucose levels, and proinflammatory markers were measured to assess metabolic health. Gut microbiota composition was analyzed through 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The results showed that inulin27 significantly reduced total weight gain and systemic glucose levels, suggesting a DPn-specific effect on metabolic health. The study also observed shifts in gut microbial populations, with inulin7 promoting several beneficial taxa from the Bifidobacterium genera, whilst inducing a unique microbial composition compared to medium-chain (DPn 14) and long-chain inulin (DPn: 27). However, the impact of inulin on proinflammatory markers and lipid metabolism parameters was not statistically significant, possibly due to the short study duration. Inulin with a higher DPn has a more pronounced effect on mitigating HFD-induced metabolic health deterioration, whilst inulin7 is particularly effective at inducing healthy microbial shifts. These findings highlight the benefits of inulin as a dietary adjuvant in obesity management and the importance of DPn in optimizing performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Ariaee
- UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; (A.A.); (A.W.); (C.A.P.)
| | - Hannah R. Wardill
- School of Biomedicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia;
- Supportive Oncology Research Group, Precision Cancer Medicine, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Anthony Wignall
- UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; (A.A.); (A.W.); (C.A.P.)
| | - Clive A. Prestidge
- UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; (A.A.); (A.W.); (C.A.P.)
| | - Paul Joyce
- UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; (A.A.); (A.W.); (C.A.P.)
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18
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Ma J, Tian Z, Chai P, Wan Q, Zhai T, Guo F, Li Y. Estimating the economic burden of stroke in China: a cost-of-illness study. BMJ Open 2024; 14:e080634. [PMID: 38485178 PMCID: PMC10941115 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-080634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Stroke imposes a heavy economic burden and loss of productivity on individuals and society. This study assessed a range of crucial factors, including direct costs and indirect costs, to gauge the economic implications of stroke in China. These outcomes were evaluated with specific reference to the year 2018, using the Chinese yuan (¥) as the unit of measurement and providing the corresponding purchasing power parity dollar ($PPP) currency value. METHODS A cost-of-illness methodology was used to ascertain the economic implications of stroke in 2018. Within the constraints of this approach, economic costs were defined as 'direct costs' or 'indirect costs'. We estimated direct costs from sample data, the National Health Service Survey and the National Health Account and Health Statistical Yearbook. A human capital method was used to conservatively estimate indirect costs. RESULTS In 2018, of the economic burden of stroke in China, the direct costs were ¥247.8 billion ($PPP 58.6 billion) and indirect costs were ¥704.4 billion ($PPP 166.5 billion). The curative care expenditure for stroke was ¥193.1 billion ($PPP 45.7 billion), consuming nearly 5.5% of curative expenditure. The cost of stroke treatment relied heavily on public financing, with 58% from social health insurance and 14% from government sources. CONCLUSIONS A significant economic burden is imposed by stroke on China's economy, and there is a risk of underestimating this burden if indirect costs are not comprehensively considered. The importance of implementing effective preventive measures and screening strategies for stroke, with a particular focus on high-risk populations, is underscored by this study's findings. Such investments in public health have the potential to yield substantial benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingdong Ma
- School of Medicine and Health Management, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Tongji Medical College, Wuhan, China
| | - Zeshi Tian
- School of Medicine and Health Management, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Tongji Medical College, Wuhan, China
| | - Peipei Chai
- Department of Health Economics and Healthcare Security, China National Health Development Research Center, Beijing, China
| | - Quan Wan
- Department of Health Economics and Healthcare Security, China National Health Development Research Center, Beijing, China
| | - Tiemin Zhai
- Department of Health Economics and Healthcare Security, China National Health Development Research Center, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Guo
- Department of Health Economics and Healthcare Security, China National Health Development Research Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Health Economics and Healthcare Security, China National Health Development Research Center, Beijing, China
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19
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Eng PC, Phylactou M, Qayum A, Woods C, Lee H, Aziz S, Moore B, Miras AD, Comninos AN, Tan T, Franks S, Dhillo WS, Abbara A. Obesity-Related Hypogonadism in Women. Endocr Rev 2024; 45:171-189. [PMID: 37559411 PMCID: PMC10911953 DOI: 10.1210/endrev/bnad027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Obesity-related hypogonadotropic hypogonadism is a well-characterized condition in men (termed male obesity-related secondary hypogonadism; MOSH); however, an equivalent condition has not been as clearly described in women. The prevalence of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is known to increase with obesity, but PCOS is more typically characterized by increased gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) (and by proxy luteinizing hormone; LH) pulsatility, rather than by the reduced gonadotropin levels observed in MOSH. Notably, LH levels and LH pulse amplitude are reduced with obesity, both in women with and without PCOS, suggesting that an obesity-related secondary hypogonadism may also exist in women akin to MOSH in men. Herein, we examine the evidence for the existence of a putative non-PCOS "female obesity-related secondary hypogonadism" (FOSH). We précis possible underlying mechanisms for the occurrence of hypogonadism in this context and consider how such mechanisms differ from MOSH in men, and from PCOS in women without obesity. In this review, we consider relevant etiological factors that are altered in obesity and that could impact on GnRH pulsatility to ascertain whether they could contribute to obesity-related secondary hypogonadism including: anti-Müllerian hormone, androgen, insulin, fatty acid, adiponectin, and leptin. More precise phenotyping of hypogonadism in women with obesity could provide further validation for non-PCOS FOSH and preface the ability to define/investigate such a condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Chia Eng
- Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
- Department of Endocrinology, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117549
| | - Maria Phylactou
- Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
- Department of Endocrinology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Ambreen Qayum
- Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
- Department of Endocrinology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Casper Woods
- Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Hayoung Lee
- Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Sara Aziz
- Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Benedict Moore
- Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Alexander D Miras
- Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
- Department of Endocrinology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Alexander N Comninos
- Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
- Department of Endocrinology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Tricia Tan
- Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
- Department of Endocrinology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Steve Franks
- Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
- Department of Endocrinology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Waljit S Dhillo
- Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
- Department of Endocrinology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Ali Abbara
- Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
- Department of Endocrinology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London W12 0NN, UK
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20
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Reppas K, Papamichael MM, Usheva N, Iotova V, Chakarova N, Cardon G, Rurik I, Antal E, Valve P, Liatis S, Makrilakis K, Moreno L, Manios Y, Moschonis G. Associations between household food environment and daily intake of regular and diet soft drinks per BMI status of European children: Feel4Diabetes Study. NUTR BULL 2024; 49:82-95. [PMID: 38288678 DOI: 10.1111/nbu.12659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate how the availability of food in the household environment is associated with a daily intake of regular and diet soft drinks in European children, considering BMI status. This cross-sectional study utilised baseline data from 12 211 schoolchildren participating in the Feel4Diabetes European lifestyle modification intervention. Sociodemographics, soft drink intake and household food availability data were collected using parent-completed questionnaires. Anthropometry was recorded, and children were classified into BMI categories according to the International Obesity Task Force cut-offs. In the multivariate logistic regression analysis controlled for children's sex, mother's BMI, and educational level, frequent household availability of fruit juice (sugar added), regular soft drinks and salty snacks compared to less frequent were positively associated with daily regular soft drink intake in children, regardless of BMI group (ORs range 1.59-6.69). Conversely, frequent availability of fruit juice (no added sugar) was inversely related to regular soft drink intake in both BMI groups, as was the availability of fresh fruit in the overweight/obesity group, and the availability of diet soft drinks in the underweight/normal-weight (ORs range 0.31-0.54). In conclusion, habitual household availability of selected energy-dense foods/beverages was positively associated with a daily intake of regular soft drinks in European children, regardless of BMI status. Contrastingly, household availability of fresh fruit, fruit juice (no added sugar) and diet soft drinks were inversely associated with regular soft drink intake. Programmes focusing on reducing children's soft drink intake should consider reducing the availability of sugar-added beverages in the household food environment and encouraging water consumption, as a practical, healthier alternative suggestion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyriakos Reppas
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University of Athens, Kallithea, Greece
| | - Maria Michelle Papamichael
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University of Athens, Kallithea, Greece
- Department of Dietetics, Nutrition and Sport, School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Natalya Usheva
- Department of Social Medicine and Healthcare Organization, Medical University of Varna, Varna, Bulgaria
| | - Violeta Iotova
- Department of Paediatrics, Medical University, Varna, Bulgaria
| | - Nevena Chakarova
- Department of Endocrinology, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Greet Cardon
- Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Imre Rurik
- Department of Family and Occupational Medicine, University of Debrecen, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Family Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Emese Antal
- Hungarian Society of Nutrition, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Päivi Valve
- Population Health Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Stavros Liatis
- First Department of Propaedeutic Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Laiko General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Makrilakis
- First Department of Propaedeutic Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Laiko General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Luis Moreno
- Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development (GENUD) Research Group, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Yannis Manios
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University of Athens, Kallithea, Greece
- Institute of Agri-food and Life Sciences, (Agro-Health), Hellenic Mediterranean University Research Centre, Heraklion, Greece
| | - George Moschonis
- Department of Dietetics, Nutrition and Sport, School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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21
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Acciarino A, Diwakarla S, Handreck J, Bergola C, Sahakian L, McQuade RM. The role of the gastrointestinal barrier in obesity-associated systemic inflammation. Obes Rev 2024; 25:e13673. [PMID: 38111141 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Systemic inflammation is a key contributor to the onset and progression of several obesity-associated diseases and is thought to predominantly arise from the hyperplasia and hypertrophy of white adipose tissue. However, a growing body of works suggests that early changes in the gastrointestinal (GI) barrier may contribute to both local, within the GI lining, and systemic inflammation in obesity. Intestinal barrier dysfunction is well-characterized in inflammatory GI disorders such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and is known to contribute to systemic inflammation. Thus, drawing parallels between GI disorders, where intestinal permeability and systemic inflammation are prominent features, and obesity-induced GI manifestations may provide insights into the potential role of the intestinal barrier in systemic inflammation in obesity. This review summarizes the current literature surrounding intestinal barrier dysfunction in obesity and explores the potential role of intestinal hyperpermeability and intestinal barrier dysfunction in the development of systemic inflammation and GI dysfunction in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Acciarino
- Gut Barrier and Disease Laboratory, Department of Anatomy and Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medicine, Western Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Shanti Diwakarla
- Gut Barrier and Disease Laboratory, Department of Anatomy and Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medicine, Western Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jessica Handreck
- Gut Barrier and Disease Laboratory, Department of Anatomy and Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medicine, Western Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Cedrick Bergola
- Gut Barrier and Disease Laboratory, Department of Anatomy and Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lauren Sahakian
- Gut Barrier and Disease Laboratory, Department of Anatomy and Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rachel M McQuade
- Gut Barrier and Disease Laboratory, Department of Anatomy and Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medicine, Western Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Melbourne University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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22
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MacEwan JP, Chiu K, Ahmad NN, Sacks N, Shinde S, Poon JL, Kan H. Clinical, economic, and health-related quality of life outcomes in patients with overweight or obesity in the United States: 2016-2018. Obes Sci Pract 2024; 10:e726. [PMID: 38263999 PMCID: PMC10804324 DOI: 10.1002/osp4.726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study aimed to estimate clinical, economic (including productivity), and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) outcomes and associated individual characteristics among adults with overweight (OW) or obesity in the United States. Methods This study included adult respondents with body mass index (BMI) ≥18.5 kg/m2 in the 2017-2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) and 2016 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey. Respondents were classified according to BMI. Individual characteristics were described by BMI categories. Multivariable regression models estimated the association between BMI categories and outcomes, adjusting for individual characteristics. Results Nearly three-quarters (73.7%) of NHANES participants were OW or obese. Relative to Normal weight (NW), respondents with Class 3 obesity had more obesity-related complications (2.07 vs. 4.62, p < 0.001). Higher BMI was associated with significantly lower HRQoL, lower productivity, and higher healthcare expenditures as well as more frequent weight loss attempts in the previous 12 months. Weight loss surgery and prescription anti-obesity medications (AOMs) were used only by a very small proportion of individuals. Despite frequent weight loss attempts, most respondents did not achieve clinically meaningful weight loss. Conclusions Adults with OW or obesity experienced worse clinical, economic and HRQoL outcomes than those with NW. Better use of evidence-based obesity treatments, including prescription AOMs, should be considered to achieve more clinically meaningful weight reduction and improved outcomes in individuals with OW or obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kevin Chiu
- Santa Clara UniversitySanta ClaraCaliforniaUSA
| | | | | | | | | | - Hong Kan
- Eli Lilly & CompanyIndianapolisIndianaUSA
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23
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Tenedero CB, O'Brien KT, Patel BP, Strom M, Deveci AC, Chu L, Jayawardena S, Noseworthy R, McPherson AC, Walsh CM, Hamilton JK. Medical students' perceived comfort and competence performing physical examinations on patients with obesity: A mixed-methods needs assessment. Clin Obes 2024; 14:e12617. [PMID: 37559427 DOI: 10.1111/cob.12617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Physicians are unsatisfied with their training in the care of patients with obesity. Physical examination is a key component of care, and modifications to techniques are often necessary for patients with obesity. To determine learning needs, we examined medical students' perceived comfort and competency in conducting physical examinations on patients with obesity. This mixed-methods study of Canadian medical students used a questionnaire and semi-structured focus groups to assess medical students' perceived comfort and competence in examining patients with obesity. Participants included 175 Canadian medical students. A minority of medical students felt comfortable (42%) or competent (14%) examining patients with obesity. Physical exam challenges included modifying exam manoeuvres, interpreting findings and communicating sensitively around weight. Lack of early exposure to patients with obesity, minimal instruction by preceptors and a lack of curricular focus on obesity were felt to be barriers to improving these skills. Students perceived their lack of confidence as negatively impacting their ability to manage patients with obesity and more training in this area was desired to prevent disparities in care. Medical students feel that adequate training on how to perform an obesity-specific physical examination is lacking. Developing curricula and including formal teaching around these key competencies within medical education is essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine B Tenedero
- Division of Endocrinology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Barkha P Patel
- Division of Endocrinology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michele Strom
- Division of Endocrinology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Arin C Deveci
- Division of Endocrinology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lisa Chu
- Division of Endocrinology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Rebecca Noseworthy
- Division of Endocrinology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Amy C McPherson
- Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Catharine M Walsh
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- SickKids Research and Learning Institutes, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jill K Hamilton
- Division of Endocrinology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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24
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Thompson EJ, Krebs G, Zavos HMS, Steves CJ, Eley TC. The relationship between weight-related indicators and depressive symptoms during adolescence and adulthood: results from two twin studies. Psychol Med 2024; 54:527-538. [PMID: 37650294 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291723002155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association between weight and depressive symptoms is well established, but the direction of effects remains unclear. Most studies rely on body mass index (BMI) as the sole weight indicator, with few examining the aetiology of the association between weight indicators and depressive symptoms. METHODS We analysed data from the Twins Early Development Study (TEDS) and UK Adult Twin Registry (TwinsUK) (7658 and 2775 twin pairs, respectively). A phenotypic cross-lagged panel model assessed the directionality between BMI and depressive symptoms at ages 12, 16, and 21 years in TEDS. Bivariate correlations tested the phenotypic association between a range of weight indicators and depressive symptoms in TwinsUK. In both samples, structural equation modelling of twin data investigated genetic and environmental influences between weight indicators and depression. Sensitivity analyses included two-wave phenotypic cross-lagged panel models and the exclusion of those with a BMI <18.5. RESULTS Within TEDS, the relationship between BMI and depression was bidirectional between ages 12 and 16 with a stronger influence of earlier BMI on later depression. The associations were unidirectional thereafter with depression at 16 influencing BMI at 21. Small genetic correlations were found between BMI and depression at ages 16 and 21, but not at 12. Within TwinsUK, depression was weakly correlated with weight indicators; therefore, it was not possible to generate precise estimates of genetic or environmental correlations. CONCLUSIONS The directionality of the relationship between BMI and depression appears to be developmentally sensitive. Further research with larger genetically informative samples is needed to estimate the aetiological influence on these associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen J Thompson
- MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, School of Life Course & Population Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Georgina Krebs
- MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, 1-19 Torrington Place, London, UK
| | - Helena M S Zavos
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Claire J Steves
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, School of Life Course & Population Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Thalia C Eley
- MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
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25
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Sun S, Stenberg E, Luo N, Franklin KA, Lindholm L, Salén KG, Cao Y. SF-6D Normative Values Among Patients Undergoing Bariatric Surgery: Results Based on Real-World Evidence from the Scandinavian Obesity Surgery Registry (SOReg). Obes Surg 2024; 34:558-567. [PMID: 38189900 PMCID: PMC10811135 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-023-07024-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The SF-6D index can be used to calculate quality-adjusted life years in economic evaluations, which is required by reimbursement agencies and national advisory bodies, including the Swedish ones. However, despite that SF-36 has been largely applied among patients undergoing bariatric surgery, almost no study has accessed the short form six-dimensions (SF-6D) after bariatric surgery. AIM To establish normative values for the SF-6D index among patients undergoing bariatric surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS All patients who received bariatric surgery in Sweden between 2011-01-01 and 2019-03-31 were obtained from the Scandinavian Obesity Surgery Registry (SOReg). Information includes patients' sociodemographic characteristics, details regarding the procedure, and postsurgical conditions. The SF-36 is applied at baseline and at follow-up years 1, 2, and 5. The multiple sequential imputation method was applied to handle missingness on SF-6D items. Based on the UK tariff, the SF-6D preference scores were calculated. The normative values for the mean (SD) SF-6D index were reported by timepoint and surgical complications for men and women, respectively. Multivariate analyses were applied to investigate how the SF-6D index is associated with timepoint, controlling for age, sex, BMI, and comorbidities in a stepwise manner. RESULTS The SF-6D index increased at 1 year relative to baseline and was roughly maintained at the same level at 2 years. The normative value of the SF-6D index can be used in economic evaluations for bariatric surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Sun
- Department of Epidemiology and Global Health, Umeå University, 901 87, Umeå, Sweden.
| | - Erik Stenberg
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, 701 85, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Nan Luo
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Karl A Franklin
- Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Surgery, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Lars Lindholm
- Department of Epidemiology and Global Health, Umeå University, 901 87, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Klas-Göran Salén
- Department of Epidemiology and Global Health, Umeå University, 901 87, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Yang Cao
- Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, 701 82, Örebro, Sweden
- Unit of Integrative Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
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26
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Li S, Mohamed Nor N, Kaliappan SR. Do maternal socioeconomic status influence child overweight? Heliyon 2024; 10:e24630. [PMID: 38304776 PMCID: PMC10831769 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of overweight among Chinese children under 5 years of age has been increasing steadily. Using data from China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) spanning from 1991 to 2015, this study investigates the relationship between maternal employment status, maternal education level, and the prevalence of child overweight among Chinese children under 5 years old. The findings indicate that having mothers with low middle school education significantly reduces their children's body mass index z-scores (BMIZ) (p < 0.05). However, no significant association is observed between maternal education level and childhood overweight in urban areas. In rural areas, only when the maternal education level is college or above, there is a significant increase in BMIZ (p < 0.01). The impact of maternal education level on childhood obesity is influenced by household per capita income, and when household per capita income reaches a certain level, higher maternal education is negatively associated with child BMIZ. The study also reveals a significant negative association between maternal employment (p < 0.01),average weekly working days (p < 0.01), and the BMIZ of children under 5 years of age, while the interaction effect between them is positive and significant. This study has recommended some policy interventions, by promoting parental education on child feeding and parenting, providing professional child care, and offering financial subsidies to families with children under 5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sa Li
- School of Business and Economics, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- School of Business, Zhengzhou College of Finance and Economics, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Norashidah Mohamed Nor
- School of Business and Economics, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Shivee Ranjanee Kaliappan
- School of Business and Economics, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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Alhusseini N, Alsinan N, Almutahhar S, Khader M, Tamimi R, Elsarrag MI, Warar R, Alnasser S, Ramadan M, Omair A, Aouabdi S, Saleem R, Alabadi-Bierman A. Dietary trends and obesity in Saudi Arabia. Front Public Health 2024; 11:1326418. [PMID: 38274536 PMCID: PMC10808649 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1326418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Dietary habits in Saudi Arabia have been shifting toward the Western diet, which is high in fat, salt, and sugar, leading to a high obesity rate. Different dietary strategies such as the Ketogenic Diet (KD), Intermittent Fasting (IF), Gluten Free Diet (GFD), and Calorie Restriction Diet (CRD) have shown an influential role in weight loss. This study aimed to compare trending diets and correlate different types of diet with obesity and lifestyle among adults in Saudi Arabia. Methods A cross-sectional study was performed on Saudis and non-Saudis over 18 years old. We used convenience sampling, an online questionnaire distributed via social media channels, including WhatsApp, LinkedIn, and Twitter. SPSS 28 software was applied for data analysis. The chi-square test was used to determine associations between different variables. Statistical significance was considered at a value of p less than 0.05. Results Most participants were females residing in the Eastern and Central regions of Saudi Arabia. Although most do not follow any dietary plan, they exhibited acceptable exercise and lifestyle. The minority of the study population followed different types of diet plans, such as KD, IF, and GFD. The purpose of most of the participants who have used these strategies was for weight loss but failed to sustain the dietary plan for more than 1 month. Conclusion Obesity remains a challenging issue in Saudi Arabia. Adherence to dietary regimes could help in controlling obesity. Increasing the awareness of the benefits of each dietary plan for health, choosing the appropriate one, and sustaining a balanced nutrition pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nawra Alsinan
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Majd Khader
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rawand Tamimi
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Rabah Warar
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sara Alnasser
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Majed Ramadan
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aamir Omair
- King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sihem Aouabdi
- Ministry of National Guard, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rimah Saleem
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alaa Alabadi-Bierman
- School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, United States
- University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
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Bansal D, V S MS, Devi N, Boya C, Dhora Babu K, Dutta P. Trends estimation of obesity prevalence among South Asian young population: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sci Rep 2024; 14:596. [PMID: 38182700 PMCID: PMC10770040 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-50973-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The premise for effective prevention and treatment of obesity is the availability of accurate prevalence figures. However, the prevalence of pediatric obesity and overweight in South Asian countries has seldom been analyzed. This article provides a comprehensive review and meta-analysis of studies on overweight and obesity to provide a more precise prevalence estimate. The study protocol was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42022320625). PubMed and Embase databases were comprehensively searched from inception till September 2023. The random-effects model was utilized to derive the pooled prevalence of obesity and overweight. Subgroup meta-analysis was used to assess variations in prevalence estimates across subgroups. A meta-regression analysis was also performed to assess the trend of overweight and obesity over the years. 152 studies were included with 489,525 participants. The pooled prevalence was 12.4 (95% CI 11.1-13.6) for overweight, 6.6% (95% CI 5.6-7.8) for obesity, and 19.3% (95% CI 17.1-21.7) for obesity and overweight. In subgroup analysis, Bangladesh reported a higher prevalence for both obesity (8.9%; 95% CI 4.9-13.9) and overweight (13.6%; 95% CI 9.2-18.8). Meta-regression analysis found a significant association between obesity prevalence and the publication year (β = 0.004; p = 0.03; R2 = 2.74%). The results of this study indicate a relatively higher prevalence of childhood obesity in South Asia, emphasizing the necessity for large-scale awareness efforts and context-specific preventative methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipika Bansal
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab, 160062, India.
| | - Mohammed Safeer V S
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab, 160062, India
| | - Nagita Devi
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab, 160062, India
| | - Chandrasekhar Boya
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab, 160062, India
| | - Karamsetty Dhora Babu
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab, 160062, India
| | - Pinaki Dutta
- Department of Endocrinology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
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Sisay BG, Jima BR, Hassen HY. Association between long-term weight loss and obesity-related complications defined by Edmonton obesity staging system: analysis from the NHANES (2011-2018). Eur J Clin Nutr 2024; 78:43-47. [PMID: 37715006 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-023-01342-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE A successful Long-Term Weight Loss (LTWL) is associated with a more favorable metabolic disease risk profile. However, evidence is limited on the association of LTWL with obesity-related complications defined by Edmonton obesity staging system (EOSS). Hence, our study aims to assess the association between LTWL thresholds and obesity-related complications defined by EOSS among the adult US population. SUBJECTS/METHODS We used data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2011 to 2018. Adults 18 years or older with overweight/obesity and long-term weight loss were included in the analysis. The association between long-term weight loss and obesity-related complications defined by EOSS was investigated. A multivariable logistic regression model was employed by adjusting for potential covariates. RESULTS A total of 22,223 adults were included in the analysis. Overall, 61.8% of participants had long-term weight loss of <5%, and 4.8% of participants had successful long-term weight loss of 20% or greater. The highest long-term weight loss threshold ( ≥ 20%) had the lowest odds of EOSS stage ≥ 2 (odds ratio [OR] = 0.60; 95% CI:0.50, 0.72; p < 0.001). The lowest LTWL threshold (5-9.9%) was relatively associated with lower odds for EOSS stage ≥ 2 [OR = 0.69 95% CI: 0.61, 0.78, p < 0.001]. CONCLUSIONS The LTWL categories were significantly associated with lower odds of EOSS stage ≥ 2 compared to EOSS 0 or 1. Future longitudinal research assessing the association between LTWL and EOSS components is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binyam Girma Sisay
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Public Health, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
| | - Beshada Rago Jima
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Public Health, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Hamid Yimam Hassen
- Department of Family Medicine and Population Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
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Castro-Prieto PA, Spijker J, Recaño J. A quasi-cohort trend analysis of adult obesity in Colombia. J Biosoc Sci 2024; 56:63-89. [PMID: 37357793 DOI: 10.1017/s002193202300010x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
In Colombia, the prevalence of obesity has been increasing in recent years due to changes in dietary and nutritional patterns. While previous studies have focussed on describing obesity and its associated factors, they have mainly used a cross-sectional methodology. Accordingly, this study aims to conduct a descriptive quasi-cohort analysis to capture age-specific cohort trends in body mass index (BMI) according to sex and ethnicity (indigenous, Afro-Colombian, and the remaining population). The study utilised data from the National Survey of the Nutritional Situation in Colombia (ENSIN) conducted in 2005, 2010, and 2015 that included 214,136 individuals aged 20-64 years after screening. Data on ethnicity were only available from the 2010 and 2015 surveys. Overall, the prevalence of obesity increased by 6.1 percentage points (from 15.2% to 21.3%) between 2005 and 2015 (men from 10.4% to 15.7%; women from 18.2% to 25.7%). Among Afro-Colombians, obesity rose 6.6 percentage points (from 19.4% to 26.0%), again more so in women than in men (2015: 35.2% versus 17.8%). Among indigenous people, the proportion increased by 5.3 percentage points (from 13.5% to 18.8%), with women reporting highest rates (2015: 23.7% against 12.6% in men). Age- and cohort-specific results also indicate that recent adult cohorts are experiencing sharp increases in BMI, for example, while 25-29-year-old males born in 1975-1979 had a BMI of 24.2 kg/m2, among 40-44-year-olds of the same cohort, this equalled 26.8 kg/m2. In the case of women, these age differences in BMI among the same cohort are even greater (24.4 and 28.0 kg/m2). In summary, the results of this study indicate that Colombia is still in the early stages of the obesity transition, urging the need to monitor obesity trends in Colombia from both an age and cohort perspective. To achieve this, longitudinal surveys or repeated cross-sectional surveys like the ENSIN could be utilised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Andrea Castro-Prieto
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centre d'Estudis Demogràfics (CED-CERCA), Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Jeroen Spijker
- Centre d'Estudis Demogràfics (CED-CERCA), Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Joaquín Recaño
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centre d'Estudis Demogràfics (CED-CERCA), Bellaterra, Spain
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Alnughaymishi AA, Sekhar C. Managing Adult Obese Patients at Primary Health Care Centers in Qassim Province, Saudi Arabia. Cureus 2024; 16:e51704. [PMID: 38313932 PMCID: PMC10838558 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.51704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Overweight and obesity have become a global health problem. This study aims to reduce the same problem, primarily with all levels of physicians and the hidden responsibility of all other allied health care workers and communities, including families and individuals. Objective The objective of this study is to determine the knowledge, attitude, and practice among the physicians toward the management of adult obesity at primary health care centers (PHCCs) of Qassim Province, Saudi Arabia. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among the 140 physicians working at the PHCC of Qassim through a self-administered questionnaire. A simple random method was used for the PHCC selection, and all the physicians were included at the PHCC level. Data was collected, cleaned, and analyzed with IBM SPSS Statistics, version 21.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY). Necessary statistical tests were applied. Results The mean age and standard deviation (SD) in the study population were 34.29 ± 9.42, and 55.7% were males. The mean knowledge score and SD of correct answers were 4.61 ± 1.31. About four or more questions were answered correctly out of six knowledge questions (80.7%, n = 113). Out of 13 questions, the mean ± SD of correct practice questions was 9.88 ± 2.02. The mean ± SD of attitude questions was 8.06 ± 1.13. About 33 (23.6%) of the study population received obesity training courses. Conclusions Based on the study results, good knowledge, practice, and attitude were observed among the PHCC physicians of Qassim. However, a smaller number of physicians received obesity training in the study.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chandra Sekhar
- Family Medicine, Family Medicine Academy, Qassim Health Cluster, Buraydah, SAU
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Cha YJ, Chang IA, Jin EH, Song JH, Hong JH, Jung JG, Sunwoo J. Association between LEPR Genotype and Gut Microbiome in Healthy Non-Obese Korean Adults. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2024; 32:146-153. [PMID: 37503756 PMCID: PMC10762272 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2023.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The LEPR (leptin receptor) genotype is associated with obesity. Gut microbiome composition differs between obese and non-obese adults. However, the impact of LEPR genotype on gut microbiome composition in humans has not yet been studied. In this study, the association between LEPR single nucleotide polymorphism (rs1173100, rs1137101, and rs790419) and the gut microbiome composition in 65 non-obese Korean adults was investigated. Leptin, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were also measured in all participants. Mean ± SD (standard deviation) of age, body mass index, and leptin hormone levels of participants was 35.2 ± 8.1 years, 21.4 ± 1.8 kg/m2, and 7989.1 ± 6687.4 pg/mL, respectively. Gut microbiome analysis was performed at the phylum level by 16S rRNA sequencing. Among the 11 phyla detected, only one showed significantly different relative abundances between LEPR genotypes. The relative abundance of Candidatus Saccharibacteria was higher in the G/A genotype group than in the G/G genotype group for the rs1137101 single nucleotide polymorphism (p=0.0322). Participant characteristics, including body mass index, leptin levels, and other lipid levels, were similar between the rs1137101 G/G and G/A genotypes. In addition, the relative abundances of Fusobacteria and Tenericutes showed significant positive relationship with plasma leptin concentrations (p=0.0036 and p=0.0000, respectively). In conclusion, LEPR genotype and gut microbiome may be associated even in normal-weight Korean adults. However, further studies with a greater number of obese adults are needed to confirm whether LEPR genotype is related to gut microbiome composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon Jung Cha
- Clinical Trials Center, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
- Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - In Ae Chang
- Clinical Trials Center, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Heui Jin
- Translational Immunology Institute, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hye Song
- Clinical Trials Center, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
- Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Jang Hee Hong
- Clinical Trials Center, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pharmacology, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Gyu Jung
- Department of Family Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Sunwoo
- Clinical Trials Center, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
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Nagi MA, Ahmed H, Rezq MAA, Sangroongruangsri S, Chaikledkaew U, Almalki Z, Thavorncharoensap M. Economic costs of obesity: a systematic review. Int J Obes (Lond) 2024; 48:33-43. [PMID: 37884664 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-023-01398-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Obesity is a growing public health problem leading to substantial economic impact. This study aimed to summarize the economic impact of obesity and to critically analyze the methods used in the cost-of-illness (COI) studies on obesity. METHODS We conducted systematic search in PubMed and Scopus from September 1, 2016, to July 22, 2022. Original COI studies estimating the economic cost of obesity and/or overweight in at least one country, published in English were included. To facilitate the comparison of estimates across countries, we converted the cost estimates of different years to 2022 purchasing power parity (PPP) values using each country's consumer price index (CPI) and PPP conversion rate. RESULTS Nineteen studies were included. All studies employed a prevalence-based approach using Population Attributable Fraction (PAF) methodology. About half of the included studies (53%) were conducted in high-income countries while the others (47%) were conducted in middle-income countries. The economic burden of obesity ranged between PPP 15 million in Brazil to PPP 126 billion in the USA, in the year 2022. Direct medical costs accounted for 0.7% to 17.8% of the health system expenditure. Furthermore, the total costs of obesity ranged from 0.05% to 2.42% of the country's gross domestic product (GDP). Of the seven studies that estimated both direct and indirect costs, indirect costs accounted for the largest portion of five studies. Nevertheless, a variety in methodology across studies was identified. The number of co-morbidities included in the analysis varied across studies. CONCLUSIONS Although there was a variety of methodologies across studies, consistent evidence indicated that the economic burden of obesity was substantial. Obesity prevention and control should be a public health priority, especially among countries with high prevalence of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mouaddh Abdulmalik Nagi
- Doctor of Philosophy Program in Social, Economic and Administrative Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Aljanad University for Science and Technology, Taiz, Yemen
| | - Hanan Ahmed
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Aljanad University for Science and Technology, Taiz, Yemen
- Master of Public Health, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Mustafa Ali Ali Rezq
- Master of Public Health, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Sana'a University, Sana'a, Yemen
| | - Sermsiri Sangroongruangsri
- Social and Administrative Pharmacy Excellence Research (SAPER) unit, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Usa Chaikledkaew
- Social and Administrative Pharmacy Excellence Research (SAPER) unit, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Ziyad Almalki
- Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Al-Kharj, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Montarat Thavorncharoensap
- Social and Administrative Pharmacy Excellence Research (SAPER) unit, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
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Kruse J, Korb FM, Surrey C, Wolfensteller U, Goschke T, Scherbaum S. Focusing on Future Consequences Enhances Self-Controlled Dietary Choices. Nutrients 2023; 16:89. [PMID: 38201919 PMCID: PMC10780933 DOI: 10.3390/nu16010089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Self-controlled dietary decisions, i.e., choosing a healthier food over a tastier one, are a major challenge for many people. Despite the potential profound consequences of frequent poor choices, maintaining a healthy diet proves challenging. This raises the question of how to facilitate self-controlled food decisions to promote healthier choices. The present study compared the influence of implicit and explicit information on food choices and their underlying decision processes. Participants watched two video clips as an implicit manipulation to induce different mindsets. Instructions to focus on either the short-term or long-term consequences of choices served as an explicit manipulation. Participants performed a binary food choice task, including foods with different health and taste values. The choice was made using a computer mouse, whose trajectories we used to calculate the influence of the food properties. Instruction to focus on long-term consequences compared to short-term consequences increased the number of healthy choices, reduced response times for healthy decisions, and increased the influence of health aspects during the decision-making process. The effect of video manipulation showed greater variability. While focusing on long-term consequences facilitated healthy food choices and reduced the underlying decision conflict, the current mindset appeared to have a minor influence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Kruse
- Department of Psychology, TUD Dresden University of Technology, 01069 Dresden, Germany; (F.M.K.); (C.S.); (U.W.); (T.G.); (S.S.)
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Kranz RM, Kettler C, Koeder C, Husain S, Anand C, Schoch N, Englert H. Health Economic Evaluation of a Controlled Lifestyle Intervention: The Healthy Lifestyle Community Program (Cohort 2; HLCP-2). Nutrients 2023; 15:5045. [PMID: 38140304 PMCID: PMC10745766 DOI: 10.3390/nu15245045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-communicable diseases (NCD) are associated with high costs for healthcare systems. We evaluated changes in total costs, comprising direct and indirect costs, due to a 24-month non-randomized, controlled lifestyle intervention trial with six measurement time points aiming to improve the risk profile for NCDs. Overall, 187 individuals from the general population aged ≥18 years were assigned to either the intervention group (IG; n = 112), receiving a 10-week intensive lifestyle intervention focusing on a healthy, plant-based diet; physical activity; stress management; and community support, followed by a 22-month follow-up phase including monthly seminars, or a control group (CG; n = 75) without intervention. The complete data sets of 118 participants (IG: n = 79; CG: n = 39) were analyzed. At baseline, total costs per person amounted to 67.80 ± 69.17 EUR in the IG and 48.73 ± 54.41 EUR in the CG per week. The reduction in total costs was significantly greater in the IG compared to the CG after 10 weeks (p = 0.012) and 6 months (p = 0.004), whereas direct costs differed significantly after 10 weeks (p = 0.017), 6 months (p = 0.041) and 12 months (p = 0.012) between the groups. The HLCP-2 was able to reduce health-related economic costs, primarily due to the reduction in direct costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ragna-Marie Kranz
- Department of Food, Nutrition, Facilities, University of Applied Sciences Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany; (C.K.); (C.K.); (S.H.); (C.A.); (N.S.); (H.E.)
- Institute of Nutrition, Consumption and Health, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Paderborn University, 33098 Paderborn, Germany
| | - Carmen Kettler
- Department of Food, Nutrition, Facilities, University of Applied Sciences Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany; (C.K.); (C.K.); (S.H.); (C.A.); (N.S.); (H.E.)
| | - Christian Koeder
- Department of Food, Nutrition, Facilities, University of Applied Sciences Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany; (C.K.); (C.K.); (S.H.); (C.A.); (N.S.); (H.E.)
| | - Sarah Husain
- Department of Food, Nutrition, Facilities, University of Applied Sciences Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany; (C.K.); (C.K.); (S.H.); (C.A.); (N.S.); (H.E.)
| | - Corinna Anand
- Department of Food, Nutrition, Facilities, University of Applied Sciences Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany; (C.K.); (C.K.); (S.H.); (C.A.); (N.S.); (H.E.)
| | - Nora Schoch
- Department of Food, Nutrition, Facilities, University of Applied Sciences Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany; (C.K.); (C.K.); (S.H.); (C.A.); (N.S.); (H.E.)
| | - Heike Englert
- Department of Food, Nutrition, Facilities, University of Applied Sciences Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany; (C.K.); (C.K.); (S.H.); (C.A.); (N.S.); (H.E.)
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Fumagalli M, Landgraaf RG, Schiavi-Lods NN, Golcea SS, Büller HR, Nieuwdorp M. Novel insights into weight loss: acupuncture combined with a very low-carbohydrate diet-a Swiss experience. Acupunct Med 2023; 41:327-335. [PMID: 37789716 PMCID: PMC10656784 DOI: 10.1177/09645284231202811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to assess the effects of an acupuncture-diet program for treatment of overweight and obesity. METHODS The program consisted of weekly acupuncture sessions combined with a very low-carbohydrate diet in patients with a body mass index (BMI) of 25 kg/m2 or above. Data were collected retrospectively between 2002 and 2021 in seven clinics in Switzerland through automated data extraction of existing medical records. The treatments described are standard care at the facilities where they took place. RESULTS A total of 11,233 patients were included. In those with a BMI of 25 kg/m2 or above, a positive effect on body weight was noted with a peak average body weight loss of approximately 17.5 kg reached after 7 months. Long-term stabilization was at about 15.5 kg after 18 months. Significant male-female differences (p < 0.01) were observed with women losing less weight. Differences were also noted between overweight, obese and extremely obese patients suggesting a BMI-dependent effect. Maximum weight loss of patients with BMI of 35 kg/m2 or above was 29.8 ± 12 kg, while it was 18.8 ± 8 kg for obese patients (BMI = 30-34.9 kg/m2) and 12 ± 7 kg for overweight patients (BMI = 25-29.9 kg/m2), reflecting a significant overall difference between groups (p < 0.01). Compliance to the protocol by patients and physicians seemed to be another differentiating factor; more adherent patients appeared to lose more weight and preserve body weight loss better over time. CONCLUSION Although this study lacked a control group and was retrospective and observational in nature, a program of acupuncture combined with a very low-carbohydrate diet appeared to be effective at inducing weight loss among obese patients. The observed weight reduction in this retrospective chart review represents a good starting point for further investigation of this approach via a comparative evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Raymond G Landgraaf
- Sinomedica, Lugano, Switzerland
- Department of Internal and Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Harry R Büller
- Department of Internal and Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Max Nieuwdorp
- Department of Internal and Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Wright L, Staatz CB, Silverwood RJ, Bann D. Trends in the ability of socioeconomic position to predict individual body mass index: an analysis of repeated cross-sectional data, 1991-2019. BMC Med 2023; 21:434. [PMID: 37957618 PMCID: PMC10644438 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-023-03103-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The widening of group-level socioeconomic differences in body mass index (BMI) has received considerable research attention. However, the predictive power of socioeconomic position (SEP) indicators at the individual level remains uncertain, as does the potential temporal variation in their predictive value. Examining this is important given the increasing incorporation of SEP indicators into predictive algorithms and calls to reduce social inequality to tackle the obesity epidemic. We thus investigated SEP differences in BMI over three decades of the obesity epidemic in England, comparing population-wide (SEP group differences in mean BMI) and individual-level (out-of-sample prediction of individuals' BMI) approaches to understanding social inequalities. METHODS We used repeated cross-sectional data from the Health Survey for England, 1991-2019. BMI (kg/m2) was measured objectively, and SEP was measured via educational attainment, occupational class, and neighbourhood index of deprivation. We ran random forest models for each survey year and measure of SEP adjusting for age and sex. RESULTS The mean and variance of BMI increased within each SEP group over the study period. Mean differences in BMI by SEP group also increased: differences between lowest and highest education groups were 1.0 kg/m2 (0.4, 1.6) in 1991 and 1.3 kg/m2 (0.7, 1.8) in 2019. At the individual level, the predictive capacity of SEP was low, though increased in later years: including education in models improved predictive accuracy (mean absolute error) by 0.14% (- 0.9, 1.08) in 1991 and 1.05% (0.18, 1.82) in 2019. Similar patterns were obtained for occupational class and neighbourhood deprivation and when analysing obesity as an outcome. CONCLUSIONS SEP has become increasingly important at the population (group difference) and individual (prediction) levels. However, predictive ability remains low, suggesting limited utility of including SEP in prediction algorithms. Assuming links are causal, abolishing SEP differences in BMI could have a large effect on population health but would neither reverse the obesity epidemic nor reduce much of the variation in BMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liam Wright
- Centre for Longitudinal Studies, Social Research Institute, University College London, 55-59 Gordon Square, London, WC1H 0NT, UK.
| | - Charis Bridger Staatz
- Centre for Longitudinal Studies, Social Research Institute, University College London, 55-59 Gordon Square, London, WC1H 0NT, UK
| | - Richard J Silverwood
- Centre for Longitudinal Studies, Social Research Institute, University College London, 55-59 Gordon Square, London, WC1H 0NT, UK
| | - David Bann
- Centre for Longitudinal Studies, Social Research Institute, University College London, 55-59 Gordon Square, London, WC1H 0NT, UK
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Du SY, Hu L, Zhou BH, Zhang Z, Li MC, Chang D, Xu CJ, Dou X. Sox6 impairs the adipogenic commitment of mesenchymal stem cells by targeting lysyl oxidase and preadipocyte factor 1. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 681:225-231. [PMID: 37783121 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.09.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
The commitment of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to preadipocytes and the termination of differentiation to adipocytes are critical for maintaining systemic energy homeostasis. However, our knowledge of the molecular mechanisms governing the commitment of MSCs to preadipocytes and the subsequent termination of their differentiation into adipocytes remain limited. Additionally, the role of Sox6 sex-determining region Y (SRY)-box6 (Sox6), a transcription factor that regulates gene transcription, is reportedly involved in various cellular processes, including adipogenesis; however, its function in regulating preadipocyte development and the factors involved in the termination of adipogenic differentiation remain unexplored. Therefore, we investigated the role of Sox6 in regulating the differentiation of adipocytes by monitoring the effects of its overexpression in C3H10T1/2 cells (in vitro) and C57BL/6J mouse (in vivo) models of adipogenesis. We observed lower Sox6 expression in the adipose tissue of obese mice than that in control mice. Sox6 overexpression inhibited the differentiation of MSC by directly binding to the lysyl oxidase (Lox) and preadipocyte factor 1 (Pref1) promoters, which was potentiated by histone deacetylase-1(HDAC1). Our findings suggest that Sox6 is a key regulator of MSC commitment to adipocytes; therefore, targeting the Sox6-mediated regulation of this process could offer potential therapeutic avenues for addressing obesity and related metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Yue Du
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201399, China
| | - Liang Hu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201399, China
| | - Bing-He Zhou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201399, China
| | - Ze Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201399, China
| | - Ming-Chao Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201399, China
| | - Dong Chang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201399, China.
| | - Cong-Jian Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201399, China.
| | - Xin Dou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201399, China.
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Neto A, Fernandes A, Barateiro A. The complex relationship between obesity and neurodegenerative diseases: an updated review. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1294420. [PMID: 38026693 PMCID: PMC10665538 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1294420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a global epidemic, affecting roughly 30% of the world's population and predicted to rise. This disease results from genetic, behavioral, societal, and environmental factors, leading to excessive fat accumulation, due to insufficient energy expenditure. The adipose tissue, once seen as a simple storage depot, is now recognized as a complex organ with various functions, including hormone regulation and modulation of metabolism, inflammation, and homeostasis. Obesity is associated with a low-grade inflammatory state and has been linked to neurodegenerative diseases like multiple sclerosis (MS), Alzheimer's (AD), and Parkinson's (PD). Mechanistically, reduced adipose expandability leads to hypertrophic adipocytes, triggering inflammation, insulin and leptin resistance, blood-brain barrier disruption, altered brain metabolism, neuronal inflammation, brain atrophy, and cognitive decline. Obesity impacts neurodegenerative disorders through shared underlying mechanisms, underscoring its potential as a modifiable risk factor for these diseases. Nevertheless, further research is needed to fully grasp the intricate connections between obesity and neurodegeneration. Collaborative efforts in this field hold promise for innovative strategies to address this complex relationship and develop effective prevention and treatment methods, which also includes specific diets and physical activities, ultimately improving quality of life and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Neto
- Central Nervous System, Blood and Peripheral Inflammation, Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Adelaide Fernandes
- Central Nervous System, Blood and Peripheral Inflammation, Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Medicines, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Andreia Barateiro
- Central Nervous System, Blood and Peripheral Inflammation, Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Medicines, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
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Xue Y, Zou H, Ruan Z, Chen X, Lai Y, Yao D, Ung COL, Hu H. Pharmacoeconomic evaluation of anti-obesity drugs for chronic weight management: a systematic review of literature. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1254398. [PMID: 38027186 PMCID: PMC10658190 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1254398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Pharmacological therapy is recommended as a second-line alternative to reverse obesity. Currently, five anti-obesity drugs (AODs) have been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for chronic weight management. The aim of this paper is to investigate the pharmacoeconomic evaluation of AODs through a systematic review with a special focus on methodological considerations. Methods We searched the general and specific databases to identify the primary pharmacoeconomic evaluation of AODs. Results A total of 18 full-text articles and three conference abstracts were included in this review. Most of the economic assessments were still about Orlistat. And the observations we could make were consistent with the previous systematic review. A few studies were on the combined therapies (i.e. PHEN/TPM ER and NB ER) compared to different comparators, which could hardly lead to a generalized summary of the cost-effectiveness. Most recently, pharmacoeconomic evidence on the newest GLP 1 RA approved for the indication of obesity or obesity with at least one comorbidity emerged gradually. Modelling-based cost-utility analysis is the major type of assessment method. In the modelling studies, a manageable number of the key health states and the state transitions were structured to capture the disease progression. In particular, the principal structure of the decision model adopted in the three studies on the newly approved drug was nearly the same, which enables more in-depth comparisons and generalizations of the findings. Conclusion This study provided an up-to-date overview of the strengths and areas for improvement in the methodological design of the pharmacoeconomic evaluation of the licensed drugs for chronic weight management. Future modelling evaluations would benefit from a better understanding of the long-term weight loss effects of the current therapeutic options and the weight rebound process after the discontinuation of treatment. Systematic review registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42022302648, identifier CRD42022302648.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, Macao SAR, China
| | - Huimin Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, Macao SAR, China
| | - Zhen Ruan
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, Macao SAR, China
| | - Xianwen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, Macao SAR, China
| | - Yunfeng Lai
- School of Public Health and Management, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dongning Yao
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Carolina Oi Lam Ung
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, Macao SAR, China
- Department of Public Health and Medicinal Administration, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, Macao SAR, China
| | - Hao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, Macao SAR, China
- Department of Public Health and Medicinal Administration, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, Macao SAR, China
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Kow L, Sharaiha RZ, O'Kane M, White KP, Macedo G, Toouli J, Shikora S. Methodology and Results of a Joint IFSO-WGO Delphi Survey of 94 Intercontinental, Interdisciplinary Experts in Obesity Management. Obes Surg 2023; 33:3337-3352. [PMID: 37831326 PMCID: PMC10602939 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-023-06757-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity affects 1.5 billion people worldwide, yet few are treated effectively and considerable variability exists in its management. In 2020, a joint International Federation of Surgery for Obesity and Metabolic Diseases (IFSO) and World Gastroenterology Organization (WGO) advisory committee initiated the drafting of consensus guidelines on obesity management, to be based on detailed literature reviews and the results of an extensive multi-disciplinary survey of intercontinental experts. This paper reports on the latter. The objective of this study is to identify areas of consensus and non-consensus among intercontinental, inter-disciplinary experts in obesity management. METHODS Guided by an international consensus-survey expert, a three-round online Delphi survey was conducted in the summer of 2021 of international obesity-management experts spanning the fields of medicine, bariatric endoscopy and surgery, psychology, and nutrition. Issues like epidemiology and risk factors, patient selection for metabolic and bariatric surgery (ASMBS-Clinical-Issues-Committee, Surg Obes Relat Dis : Off J Am Soc Bariatric Surg. 8:e27-32, 1), psychological issues, patient preparation for MBS, bariatric endoscopy, and outcomes and follow-up were addressed. RESULTS Ninety-four experts from six continents voted on 180 statements, with consensus reached on 158, including consensus agreement with 96 and disagreement with 24 statements (38 had other response options besides agree/disagree). Among unanimous opinions were the need for all medical societies to work together to address obesity, for regular regional and national obesity surveillance, for multi-disciplinary management, to recognize the increasing impact of childhood and adolescent obesity, to accept some weight regain as normal after MBS, and for life-long follow-up of MBS patients. CONCLUSIONS Obesity is a major health issue that requires aggressive surveillance and thoughtful multidisciplinary management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilian Kow
- Dept. of Surgery, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
| | - Reem Z Sharaiha
- Dept. of Gastroenterology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mary O'Kane
- Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
| | - Kevin P White
- ScienceRight International Health Research Consulting (SRIHRC), London, ON, Canada
| | - Guilherme Macedo
- Dept. of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Centro Hospitalar de São João, Porto, Portugal
| | - Jim Toouli
- Dept. of Surgery, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Scott Shikora
- Center for Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Wang Y, Zheng Y, Kuang L, Yang K, Xie J, Liu X, Shen S, Li X, Wu S, Yang Y, Shi J, Wu J, Wang Y. Effects of probiotics in patients with morbid obesity undergoing bariatric surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Obes (Lond) 2023; 47:1029-1042. [PMID: 37674033 PMCID: PMC10600003 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-023-01375-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Probiotics are commonly used after bariatric surgery. However, uncertainty remains regarding their effects. The purpose of this systematic review was to assess the effect of probiotics in patients with morbid obesity undergoing bariatric surgery. METHODS PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, Science Direct, and Web of Science were searched from inception to April 4, 2023. No language restrictions were applied. Relevant randomized controlled trials and controlled clinical trials were included. We used the aggregated data extracted from the trials and assessed the heterogeneity. When severe heterogeneity was detected, a random effect model was used. All stages of the review were done by independent authors. RESULTS We screened 2024 references and included 11 randomized controlled trials and controlled clinical trials. Compared with the protocol groups, probiotics showed significant effects on regulating aspartate amino transferase level (MD = -4.32 U/L; 95% CI [-7.10, -1.53], p = 0.002), triglycerides (MD = -20.16 mg/dL; 95% CI [-34.51, -5.82], p = 0.006), weight (MD = -1.99 kg; 95% CI [-3.97, -0.01], p = 0.05), vitamin B12 (MD = 2.24 pg/dL; 95% CI [-0.02, 4.51], p = 0.05), dietary energy (MD = -151.03 kcal; 95% CI [-215.68, -86.37], p < 0.00001), dietary protein (MD = -4.48 g/day, 95% CI [-8.76, -0.20], p = 0.04), dietary carbohydrate (MD = -34.25 g/day, 95% CI [-44.87, -23.62], p < 0.00001), and dietary fiber (MD = -2.17 g/day, 95% CI [-3.21, -1.14], p < 0.0001). There were no severe side effects related to probiotics. CONCLUSIONS Our meta-analysis suggested that probiotics may delay the progression of liver function injury, improve lipid metabolism, reduce weight, and reduce food intake, although the effects on other indicators were insignificant. Probiotics may be helpful for patients undergoing bariatric surgery. The review was registered on PROSPERO (International prospective register of systematic reviews): CRD42023407970. No primary source of funding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110032, China
| | - Youwei Zheng
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110032, China
| | - Lirun Kuang
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110032, China
| | - Keyu Yang
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110032, China
| | - Jiaji Xie
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110032, China
| | - Xinde Liu
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110032, China
| | - Shan Shen
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110032, China
| | - Xinchao Li
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110032, China
| | - Shiran Wu
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110032, China
| | - Yuyi Yang
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110032, China
| | - Jiafei Shi
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110032, China
| | - Jialiang Wu
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110032, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110032, China.
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Awaworyi Churchill S, Asante A. Neighbourhood crime and obesity: Longitudinal evidence from Australia. Soc Sci Med 2023; 337:116289. [PMID: 37832312 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2023.116289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Obesity remains a significant public health concern globally with over one billion adults projected to be obese by 2025. To better understand the drivers of obesity and to inform policy, it is important to explore the factors that influence obesity. OBJECTIVES The objective of this paper to examine if the crime rates in the neighbourhood or local area in which a person lives influences their likelihood of being obese. Thus, we seek to contribute to the literature on the determinants of obesity by asking the question: what is the effect of neighbourhood (i.e., postcode) crime on obesity? We also examine the pathways through which neighbourhood crime influences obesity with a focus on the role of social capital, physical activity and sleep quality. METHODS Using 14 waves of longitudinal data from the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia (HILDA) survey merged with official police statistics on crime rates at the postcode level, we apply identification strategies that address endogeneity arising from endogenous sorting and omitted variable bias. RESULTS We find that an increase in neighbourhood crime rates is associated with an increase in body mass index (BMI) and the likelihood of being obese. Exploring the pathways through which neighbourhood crime influences obesity, we find that social capital and physical activity are important channels, while sleep quality is not. The evidence also suggests that the effects of violent crime are more pronounced compared to property crime. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that targeting crime, and in particular violent crime, which seems to be driving the findings, is a core mechanism for reducing BMI and maintaining healthy body weight. The mediating role of physical activity and social capital also suggest that public policy can specifically target these areas by providing interventions that promote social capital and physical activity even amidst high crime rates.
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Caputo M, Pigni S, Antoniotti V, Agosti E, Caramaschi A, Antonioli A, Aimaretti G, Manfredi M, Bona E, Prodam F. Targeting microbiota in dietary obesity management: a systematic review on randomized control trials in adults. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023; 63:11449-11481. [PMID: 35708057 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2087593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is an alarming public health problem. Tailored nutritional therapy is advisable since emerging evidence on complex cross-talks among multifactorial agents. In this picture, the gut microbiota is highly individualized and intricately dependent on dietary patterns, with implications for obesity management. Most of the papers on the topic are observational and often conflicting. This review aimed to systematically organize the body of evidence on microbiota deriving from dietary trials in adult obesity giving the most certain phylogenetic, and metabolomic signatures in relation to both the host metabolism and phenotype changes published until now. We retrieved 18 randomized control trials on 1385 subjects with obesity who underwent several dietary interventions, including standard diet and healthy dietary regimens. Some phyla and species were more related to diets rich in fibers and others to healthy diets. Weight loss, metabolism improvements, inflammatory markers decrease were specifically related to different microorganisms or functions. The Prevotella/Bacteroides ratio was one of the most reported predictors. People with the burden of obesity comorbidities had the most significant taxonomic changes in parallel with a general improvement. These data emphasize the possibility of using symbiotic approaches involving tailored diets, microbiota characteristics, and maybe drugs to treat obesity and metabolic disorders. We encourage Authors to search for specific phylogenetic associations beyond a too generally reported Firmicutes/Bacteroides ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Caputo
- Department of Health Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
- Endocrinology, Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Stella Pigni
- Department of Health Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Valentina Antoniotti
- SCDU of Pediatrics, Department of Health Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Emanuela Agosti
- Endocrinology, Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Alice Caramaschi
- Department of Sustainable Development and Ecological Transition, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Vercelli, Italy
- Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Disease, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Alessandro Antonioli
- Endocrinology, Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Gianluca Aimaretti
- Endocrinology, Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Marcello Manfredi
- Department of Health Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
- Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Disease, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Elisa Bona
- Department of Sustainable Development and Ecological Transition, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Vercelli, Italy
- Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Disease, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Flavia Prodam
- Department of Health Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
- Endocrinology, Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
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Jeyakumar P, Jasmin Suriya AR, Yolin Angel PASR, Mangala Nagasundari S, Natarajan PP, Murugan K. Diet-induced animal model anti-obesity, phytochemical profiling, and in silico analysis of culinary plant gokhru ( Pedalium murex L.) mucilage. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023:1-16. [PMID: 37902530 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2274516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
Plant-based diets (PBDs) are renowned for managing and developing bioactive chemical inhibitors to combat obesity, a well-known global public health concern. There are currently no published research studies examining the effects of food plant mucilage dietary supplements on animal models of obesity induced by high-fat diets (HFD). The present research investigated the anti-obesity properties of the culinary plant Pedalium murex L. mucilage (PMM) in obese albino male rats models fed HFD. PMM's HR-LCMS phytochemical profiling and in silico evaluation of anti-obesity and drug-likeness using Schrodinger's Glide, QikProp, and GROMACS modules were also investigated. In vivo, anti-obesity model animal rat's daily dietary intake, common blood biochemical parameters, and histological examination of the liver and kidney tissues for the development of macrovesicular and microvesicular steatosis were all performed. Among the 46 Phytochemicals profiled, 7(14)-Bisabolene-2, 3, 10,11tetrol, Moschamine, and N-Feruloyltyramine show prominent anti-obesity activity and drug-like characteristics in silico. Rats given PMM showed significantly lower serum levels of total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and triglycerides (TGs), increased levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL), as well as macro-and microvesicular steatosis, lobular inflammation of the liver and kidney tissues. This suggests that PMM is an effective natural anti-obesity therapeutic ingredient or dietary supplement with a high concentration of anti-obesity phytochemicals that mainly satisfies the needs for such natural anti-obesity medicine or a supplement.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palanisamy Jeyakumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Bioprocesses and Biofilm Laboratory, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli, India
| | - Arul Raj Jasmin Suriya
- Department of Biotechnology, Bioprocesses and Biofilm Laboratory, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli, India
| | | | | | | | - Kasi Murugan
- Department of Biotechnology, Bioprocesses and Biofilm Laboratory, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli, India
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Kebede N, Mohammed Y, Kasaye MD, Zewdie A. Application of Health Belief Model to Assess Predictors of Weight Management Behaviour Intention Among Civil Servants in Ethiopia: A Mixed Method Study. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2023; 16:3339-3352. [PMID: 37908630 PMCID: PMC10614659 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s431146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction This study aims to use the health belief model to identify predictors of weight management behaviour among civil servants in Ethiopia. Predictors include perceived susceptibility, severity, benefits, barriers, cues to action, and self-efficacy. The study will provide insight into potential factors that civil servants perceive as significant in weight management. Methods A sequential explanatory study was conducted from November 15, 2022, to January 20, 2020 among civil servants working in Dessie town, with 423 participants selected through simple random and purposive sampling techniques for the quantitative and qualitative studies, respectively. Self-administered questionnaires were used for the quantitative study, while in-depth interviews were conducted for the qualitative study. Data was verified, entered into Epi Data, and analysed using Stata for multivariable linear regression. ATLAS.ti software version 7 facilitated the qualitative data analysis process. Findings with a p-value <0.05 at a 95% confidence interval were considered statistically significant in the final model. Results This study found that several factors were significantly associated with higher behavioural intention for weight management. Females had higher intention than males, and individuals with higher educational levels demonstrated higher intention. Marital status was also a factor, with being divorced associated with lower intention. The absence of an obese family member and lack of prior weight loss experience were also linked to lower intention. Perceived susceptibility and perceived benefits positively influenced intention, while higher perceived barriers were linked to lower intention. Conclusion The study found that a stronger inclination towards weight management was linked to being female, having higher education, no obese family member, prior weight loss experience and positive attitudes. Interventions should target those less likely to exhibit these characteristics and address negative attitudes towards weight management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natnael Kebede
- Department of Health Promotion, School of Public Health College of Medicine Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Yirgalem Mohammed
- Department of Health System and Policy, School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Mulugeta Desalegn Kasaye
- Department of Health Informatics, School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Amare Zewdie
- Department of public health, college of Medicine and health Science, Wolkite University, Wolkite, Ethiopia
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Chermon D, Birk R. Predisposition of the Common MC4R rs17782313 Female Carriers to Elevated Obesity and Interaction with Eating Habits. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1996. [PMID: 38002939 PMCID: PMC10671328 DOI: 10.3390/genes14111996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The global rise in obesity is attributed to genetic predisposition interaction with an obesogenic environment. Melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R) rs17782313 polymorphism has been linked to common obesity with varying influence across different populations. MC4R is a crucial player in the leptin proopiomelanocortin pathway that regulates weight hemostasis. We aimed to study MC4R rs17782313 and its interaction with eating behaviors on obesity predisposition in the Israeli population. Adults' (n = 5785, >18 y) genotype and anthropometric and demographic data were analyzed using logistic regression models adjusting for age, sex, T1DM, and T2DM. MC4R rs17782313 significantly predisposes to elevated obesity risk under the recessive and additive models (OR = 1.38, 95% CI: 1.1-1.72, p = 0.005 and OR = 1.1, 95% CI: 1.01-1.2, p = 0.03, respectively) adjusted for confounders (age, sex, T1DM, and T2DM). Stratification by sex demonstrated that carrying the common MC4R rs17782313 is significantly associated with an elevated predisposition to obesity under the recessive model among females only (OR = 1.41, 95% CI: 1.09-1.82, p = 0.01), with an average of 0.85 BMI increment compared with wild type and one risk allele carriers. MC4R rs17782313 significantly interacted with several eating behaviors to enhance the risk of obesity. Our findings demonstrate that MC4R rs17782313 homozygous female carriers are significantly predisposed to obesity amplified by eating behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ruth Birk
- Nutrition Department, Health Sciences Faculty, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel;
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Fabron C, Laville M, Aron-Wisnewsky J, Disse E, Gatta-Cherifi B, Jacobi D, Montastier E, Oppert JM, Gaillard L, Detournay B, Czernichow S. Out-of-Pocket Expenses in Households of People Living with Obesity in France. Obes Facts 2023; 16:606-613. [PMID: 37879296 PMCID: PMC10870127 DOI: 10.1159/000533342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Overweight and obesity result in a substantial economic burden in both low- and high-income countries. Moreover, this burden is often underestimated because it only partially accounts for unreimbursed out-of-pocket expenses (OOPE) related to obesity. The objective of our study was not only to evaluate OOPE incurred by people with obesity in relation to their disease with respect to direct medical expenditures and direct non-medical expenditures but also the proportion of people living with obesity who have forgone obesity-related healthcare due to the costs of such care. METHODS An observational descriptive survey was conducted among people with class II/III obesity attending six obesity treatment centers in France. Volunteer adult participants completed a written/phone questionnaire on their related expenditures over the last 6 months for current expenditures and over the last 5 years for occasional ones. The costs were expressed in 2022 EUR. RESULTS 299 people participated (age: 46 years [SD: 13.9], women: 72%, BMI ≥40 kg/m2: 62% and 48% with comorbidities). 65% had a professional activity. 83% declared that they had OOPE related to obesity representing annually EUR 2027/individual on average (5% of the household revenue), including weight loss and nutritional products, vitamins, meal programs, gym memberships, psychologists, but mainly adapted clothing, additional travel costs, and others. 15% of the respondents had to modify their professional activity due to obesity and 15% forwent some medical care in the last 12 months. CONCLUSIONS OOPE is a significant part of the economic burden of obesity. Despite some limitations due to the specificities of the participants and because some costs may be more related to social activities affected by obesity than to healthcare, it seems important to consider these expenditures in cost estimates for obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Martine Laville
- Endocrinology-Diabetology-Nutrition Department, F-CRIN-FORCE network, Lyon-Sud Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon University, Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - Judith Aron-Wisnewsky
- Nutrition Department, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, France and INSERM UMRS 1269 NutriOmics, Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | - Emmanuel Disse
- Endocrinology-Diabetology-Nutrition Department, Lyon-Sud Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon University, Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - Blandine Gatta-Cherifi
- Endocrinology-Diabetology-Nutrition Department, Haut-Lévêque Hospital, Bordeaux University Hospital, France and Neurocentre Magendie, INSERMU1215, Bordeaux University, Bordeaux, France
| | - David Jacobi
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, L’institut du Thorax, Nantes, France
| | - Emilie Montastier
- Nantes University Hospital, CNRS, INSERM, L’institut du Thorax, Nantes University, Nantes, France
| | - Jean-Michel Oppert
- Nutrition Department, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, France and INSERM UMRS 1269 NutriOmics, Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Sébastien Czernichow
- Nutrition Department, Georges-Pompidou European Hospital, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, France and Paris Cité University, Paris, France
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Höchsmann C, Yang S, Ordovás JM, Dorling JL, Champagne CM, Apolzan JW, Greenway FL, Cardel MI, Foster GD, Martin CK. The Personalized Nutrition Study (POINTS): evaluation of a genetically informed weight loss approach, a Randomized Clinical Trial. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6321. [PMID: 37813841 PMCID: PMC10562431 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41969-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Weight loss (WL) differences between isocaloric high-carbohydrate and high-fat diets are generally small; however, individual WL varies within diet groups. Genotype patterns may modify diet effects, with carbohydrate-responsive genotypes losing more weight on high-carbohydrate diets (and vice versa for fat-responsive genotypes). We investigated whether 12-week WL (kg, primary outcome) differs between genotype-concordant and genotype-discordant diets. In this 12-week single-center WL trial, 145 participants with overweight/obesity were identified a priori as fat-responders or carbohydrate-responders based on their combined genotypes at ten genetic variants and randomized to a high-fat (n = 73) or high-carbohydrate diet (n = 72), yielding 4 groups: (1) fat-responders receiving high-fat diet, (2) fat-responders receiving high-carbohydrate diet, (3) carbohydrate-responders receiving high-fat diet, (4) carbohydrate-responders receiving high-carbohydrate diet. Dietitians delivered the WL intervention via 12 weekly diet-specific small group sessions. Outcome assessors were blind to diet assignment and genotype patterns. We included 122 participants (54.4 [SD:13.2] years, BMI 34.9 [SD:5.1] kg/m2, 84% women) in the analyses. Twelve-week WL did not differ between the genotype-concordant (-5.3 kg [SD:1.0]) and genotype-discordant diets (-4.8 kg [SD:1.1]; adjusted difference: -0.6 kg [95% CI: -2.1,0.9], p = 0.50). With the current ability to genotype participants as fat- or carbohydrate-responders, evidence does not support greater WL on genotype-concordant diets. ClinicalTrials identifier: NCT04145466.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Höchsmann
- Department of Health and Sport Sciences, TUM School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA.
| | - Shengping Yang
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | | | - James L Dorling
- Human Nutrition, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life of Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - John W Apolzan
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | | | - Michelle I Cardel
- WW International, Inc., New York, NY, USA
- Department of Health Outcomes and Biomedical Informatics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Gary D Foster
- WW International, Inc., New York, NY, USA
- Center for Weight and Eating Disorders, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Corby K Martin
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
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50
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Kalita J, Bharadwaz MP, Aditi A. Prevalence, contributing factors, and economic implications of strokes among older adults: a study of North-East India. Sci Rep 2023; 13:16880. [PMID: 37803041 PMCID: PMC10558533 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-43977-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Stroke is a significant cause of mortality and disability in India, with its economic impact on the rise. This study aims to investigate the prevalence and factors associated with stroke among the elderly population in seven north-eastern states of India and its economic consequences. Data from the initial phase of the Longitudinal Ageing Study in India (2017-2018) were utilized, and bivariate and multivariate analyses were done. Stroke prevalence (1.53%) was notable among both genders, with approximately 1% in females and 2.3% in males. Individuals with low physical activity, higher socio-economic status, and unemployment faced a higher risk of stroke. Females exhibited a 60% lower likelihood [AOR 0.40; (CI 0.250-0.627)] of stroke compared to males and hypertension was a significant risk factor. Stroke patients incur up to INR 50,000 of financial burden, with a considerable proportion facing disability in comprehension and speech. The economic burden of stroke-related hospitalization was significantly high, emphasizing the need for government-funded health insurance to cover stroke-related medications and reducing out-of-pocket expenses for patients seeking treatment in healthcare facilities. The study highlights the urgency for better schemes to address the growing threat of strokes in the north-eastern parts of India for comprehensively tackling this public health challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jumi Kalita
- Lalit Chandra Bharali College, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | | | - Aditi Aditi
- Department of Survey Research and Data Analytics, International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, 400088, India.
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