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Quarleri J, Delpino MV. The interplay of aging, adipose tissue, and COVID-19: a potent alliance with implications for health. GeroScience 2024; 46:2915-2932. [PMID: 38191833 PMCID: PMC11009220 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-023-01058-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity has emerged as a significant public health challenge. With the ongoing increase in life expectancy, the prevalence of obesity is steadily growing, particularly among older age demographics. The extension of life expectancy frequently results in additional years of vulnerability to chronic health issues associated with obesity in the elderly.The concept of SARS-CoV-2 directly infecting adipose tissue stems from the fact that both adipocytes and stromal vascular fraction cells express ACE2, the primary receptor facilitating SARS-CoV-2 entry. It is noteworthy that adipose tissue demonstrates ACE2 expression levels similar to those found in the lungs within the same individual. Additionally, ACE2 expression in the adipose tissue of obese individuals surpasses that in non-obese counterparts. Viral attachment to ACE2 has the potential to disturb the equilibrium of renin-angiotensin system homeostasis, leading to an exacerbated inflammatory response.Consequently, adipose tissue has been investigated as a potential site for active SARS-CoV-2 infection, suggesting its plausible role in virus persistence and contribution to both acute and long-term consequences associated with COVID-19.This review is dedicated to presenting current evidence concerning the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in the adipose tissue of elderly individuals infected with the virus. Both obesity and aging are circumstances that contribute to severe health challenges, heightening the risk of disease and mortality. We will particularly focus on examining the mechanisms implicated in the long-term consequences, with the intention of providing insights into potential strategies for mitigating the aftermath of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Quarleri
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y Sida (INBIRS), Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Paraguay 2155, Piso 11, C1121ABG, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - M Victoria Delpino
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y Sida (INBIRS), Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Paraguay 2155, Piso 11, C1121ABG, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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2
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Louwen F, Kreis NN, Ritter A, Yuan J. Maternal obesity and placental function: impaired maternal-fetal axis. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2024; 309:2279-2288. [PMID: 38494514 PMCID: PMC11147848 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-024-07462-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
The prevalence of maternal obesity rapidly increases, which represents a major public health concern worldwide. Maternal obesity is characteristic by metabolic dysfunction and chronic inflammation. It is associated with health problems in both mother and offspring. Increasing evidence indicates that the placenta is an axis connecting maternal obesity with poor outcomes in the offspring. In this brief review, we have summarized the current data regarding deregulated placental function in maternal obesity. The data show that maternal obesity induces numerous placental defects, including lipid and glucose metabolism, stress response, inflammation, immune regulation and epigenetics. These placental defects affect each other and result in a stressful intrauterine environment, which transduces and mediates the adverse effects of maternal obesity to the fetus. Further investigations are required to explore the exact molecular alterations in the placenta in maternal obesity, which may pave the way to develop specific interventions for preventing epigenetic and metabolic programming in the fetus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Louwen
- Obstetrics and Prenatal Medicine, Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Frankfurt, J. W. Goethe-University, Theodor Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Nina-Naomi Kreis
- Obstetrics and Prenatal Medicine, Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Frankfurt, J. W. Goethe-University, Theodor Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Andreas Ritter
- Obstetrics and Prenatal Medicine, Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Frankfurt, J. W. Goethe-University, Theodor Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Juping Yuan
- Obstetrics and Prenatal Medicine, Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Frankfurt, J. W. Goethe-University, Theodor Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt, Germany.
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3
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Haber R, Ghezzawi M, Puzantian H, Haber M, Saad S, Ghandour Y, El Bachour J, Yazbeck A, Hassanieh G, Mehdi C, Ismail D, Abi-Kharma E, El-Zein O, Khamis A, Chakhtoura M, Mantzoros C. Mortality risk in patients with obesity and COVID-19 infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Metabolism 2024; 155:155812. [PMID: 38360130 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2024.155812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Obesity is a risk factor for severe respiratory diseases, including COVID-19 infection. Meta-analyses on mortality risk were inconsistent. We systematically searched 3 databases (Medline, Embase, CINAHL) and assessed the quality of studies using the Newcastle-Ottawa tool (CRD42020220140). We included 199 studies from US and Europe, with a mean age of participants 41.8-78.2 years, and a variable prevalence of metabolic co-morbidities of 20-80 %. Exceptionally, one third of the studies had a low prevalence of obesity of <20 %. Compared to patients with normal weight, those with obesity had a 34 % relative increase in the odds of mortality (p-value 0.002), with a dose-dependent relationship. Subgroup analyses showed an interaction with the country income. There was a high heterogeneity in the results, explained by clinical and methodologic variability across studies. We identified one trial only comparing mortality rate in vaccinated compared to unvaccinated patients with obesity; there was a trend for a lower mortality in the former group. Mortality risk in COVID-19 infection increases in parallel to an increase in BMI. BMI should be included in the predictive models and stratification scores used when considering mortality as an outcome in patients with COVID-19 infections. Furthermore, patients with obesity might need to be prioritized for COVID-19 vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachelle Haber
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Malak Ghezzawi
- Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Houry Puzantian
- Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon; Hariri School of Nursing, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.
| | - Marc Haber
- Faculty of Health Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Sacha Saad
- Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Yara Ghandour
- Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | | | - Anthony Yazbeck
- Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | | | - Celine Mehdi
- Faculty of Arts and Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Dima Ismail
- Faculty of Arts and Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Elias Abi-Kharma
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ola El-Zein
- Saab Medical Library, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Assem Khamis
- Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, York, United Kingdom
| | - Marlene Chakhtoura
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon.
| | - Christos Mantzoros
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Boston VA Healthcare System, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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4
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Zhang J, Wen J, Wan X, Luo P. The causal relationship between air pollution, obesity, and COVID-19 risk: a large-scale genetic correlation study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1221442. [PMID: 37867515 PMCID: PMC10585274 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1221442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Observational evidence reported that air pollution is a significant risk element for numerous health problems, such as obesity and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), but their causal relationship is currently unknown. Our objective was to probe the causal relationship between air pollution, obesity, and COVID-19 and to explore whether obesity mediates this association. Methods We obtained instrumental variables strongly correlated to air pollutants [PM2.5, nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and nitrogen oxides (NOx)], 9 obesity-related traits (abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue volume, waist-to-hip ratio, body mass index, hip circumference, waist circumference, obesity class 1-3, visceral adipose tissue volume), and COVID-19 phenotypes (susceptibility, hospitalization, severity) from public genome-wide association studies. We used clinical and genetic data from different public biological databases and performed analysis by two-sample and two-step Mendelian randomization. Results PM2.5 genetically correlated with 5 obesity-related traits, which obesity class 1 was most affected (beta = 0.38, 95% CI = 0.11 - 0.65, p = 6.31E-3). NO2 genetically correlated with 3 obesity-related traits, which obesity class 1 was also most affected (beta = 0.33, 95% CI = 0.055 - 0.61, p = 1.90E-2). NOx genetically correlated with 7 obesity-related traits, which obesity class 3 was most affected (beta = 1.16, 95% CI = 0.42-1.90, p = 2.10E-3). Almost all the obesity-related traits genetically increased the risks for COVID-19 phenotypes. Among them, body mass index, waist circumference, hip circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, and obesity class 1 and 2 mediated the effects of air pollutants on COVID-19 risks (p < 0.05). However, no direct causal relationship was observed between air pollution and COVID-19. Conclusion Our study suggested that exposure to heavy air pollutants causally increased risks for obesity. Besides, obesity causally increased the risks for COVID-19 phenotypes. Attention needs to be paid to weight status for the population who suffer from heavy air pollution, as they are more likely to be susceptible and vulnerable to COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwei Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hypothalamic Pituitary Research Centre, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jie Wen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hypothalamic Pituitary Research Centre, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xin Wan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hypothalamic Pituitary Research Centre, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Peng Luo
- Department of Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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5
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Mohammed HAEM, Hassan MH, Abdalla H, Mahmoud MA, Maher A, Malak M, Tag-Adeen M, Izzaldin MR, Adel S, Ali WE, Abo-Rahma A, Abd Elnabi MGM, Abdalla IAM, Morsy MFM, Sayed MAFM, Abdelaal UM. Body Mass Index as a Major Prognostic Contributing Factor in COVID-19: A Multicentral Egyptian Study. Infect Drug Resist 2023; 16:5985-6004. [PMID: 37705514 PMCID: PMC10496921 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s426440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Extreme body mass index (BMI) is an influential pathophysiological risk factor for serious illnesses following lower respiratory tract infection. The purpose of the current study was to examine how the BMI of Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) patients affects their prognosis. Methods Two hundred patients with COVID-19 admitted to Al-Azhar, Qena, Aswan, and Sohag University hospitals in Egypt were included and categorized into four groups according to their BMI. The diagnosis was made according to a real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) positive result for the SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid in swabs from upper respiratory tract. A detailed history, clinical examination, and outcomes (disease severity and complications, hospital stay, ICU admission, mortality) were recorded for all patients. SPSS version 24 software was used for data analysis. Results Average age of participants (19-90 years old), 92 (46%) males and 108 females (54%). ICU admission was significantly higher among underweight patients (75%) and obese patients (78.6%). The majority of underweight (62.5%) and obese (57.1%) patients had critical disease. Invasive mechanical ventilation (MV) is frequently used in underweight (50%) and obese patients (42.9%) patients. Adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), cardiac, neurological, and hematological complications, and incidence of myalgia and bed sores were most frequent among obese and overweight patients. Acute kidney injury was significantly higher among underweight patients (37.5%) and obese patients (28.6%) than among other classes (p=0.004). Frequency of endocrine complications was significantly higher in underweight patients than that in other classes (p=0.01). The majority of underweight (75%) and obese patients (50%) deteriorated and died, whereas the majority of normal-weight patients (90.3%) and overweight patients (75.8%) improved and were discharged (p< 0.001). Conclusion Body mass index is a major contributing factor to the outcome of patients with COVID-19, and patients with extreme of body mass index were associated with the worst prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohammed H Hassan
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, 83523, Egypt
| | - Hytham Abdalla
- Department of Chest Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University (Assiut Branch), Assiut, Egypt
| | - Marwa Ahmed Mahmoud
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt
| | - Amira Maher
- Department of Tropical Medicine and Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Malak
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt
| | - Mohammed Tag-Adeen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Faculty of Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, 83523, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Ramadan Izzaldin
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University (Assiut Branch), Assiut, Egypt
| | - Sara Adel
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University (Assiut Branch), Assiut, Egypt
| | - Wael Esmat Ali
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University (Assiut Branch), Assiut, Egypt
| | - Alyaa Abo-Rahma
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University (Assiut Branch), Assiut, Egypt
| | | | | | - Mohamed Fakhry Mohamed Morsy
- Hepatology, Gastroenterology and Infectious Diseases Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University (Assiut Branch), Assiut, Egypt
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Pappalardo I, Santarsiero A, Radice RP, Martelli G, Grassi G, de Oliveira MR, Infantino V, Todisco S. Effects of Extracts of Two Selected Strains of Haematococcus pluvialis on Adipocyte Function. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1737. [PMID: 37629594 PMCID: PMC10455862 DOI: 10.3390/life13081737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, microalgae are arousing considerable interest as a source of countless molecules with potential impacts in the nutraceutical and pharmaceutical fields. Haematococcus pluvialis, also named Haematococcus lacustris, is the largest producer of astaxanthin, a carotenoid exhibiting powerful health effects, including anti-lipogenic and anti-diabetic activities. This study was carried out to investigate the properties of two selected strains of H. pluvialis (FBR1 and FBR2) on lipid metabolism, lipolysis and adipogenesis using an in vitro obesity model. FBR1 and FBR2 showed no antiproliferative effect at the lowest concentration in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Treatment with FBR2 extract reduced lipid deposition, detected via Oil Red O staining and the immunocontent of the adipogenic proteins PPARγ, ACLY and AMPK was revealed using Western blot analysis. Extracts from both strains induced lipolysis in vitro and reduced the secretion of interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α. Moreover, the FBR1 and FBR2 extracts improved mitochondrial function, reducing the levels of mitochondrial superoxide anion radical and increasing mitochondrial mass compared to untreated adipocytes. These findings suggest that FBR2 extract, more so than FBR1, may represent a promising strategy in overweight and obesity prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Pappalardo
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, Viale dell’Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy; (I.P.); (A.S.); (R.P.R.); (G.M.)
| | - Anna Santarsiero
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, Viale dell’Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy; (I.P.); (A.S.); (R.P.R.); (G.M.)
| | - Rosa Paola Radice
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, Viale dell’Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy; (I.P.); (A.S.); (R.P.R.); (G.M.)
- Bioinnova Srls, Via Ponte Nove Luci, 22, 85100 Potenza, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Martelli
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, Viale dell’Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy; (I.P.); (A.S.); (R.P.R.); (G.M.)
| | - Giulia Grassi
- School of Agriculture, University of Basilicata, Forest, Food and Environmental Sciences, Viale dell’Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy;
| | - Marcos Roberto de Oliveira
- Departamento de Bioquímica Rua Ramiro Barcelos, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), 2600 Anexo Santa Cecília, Porto Alegre 90610-000, RS, Brazil;
| | - Vittoria Infantino
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, Viale dell’Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy; (I.P.); (A.S.); (R.P.R.); (G.M.)
| | - Simona Todisco
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, Viale dell’Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy; (I.P.); (A.S.); (R.P.R.); (G.M.)
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7
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Montes-Herrera D, Muñoz-Medina JE, Fernandes-Matano L, Salas-Lais AG, Hernández-Cueto MDLÁ, Santacruz-Tinoco CE, Monroy-Muñoz IE, Angeles-Martínez J. Association of Obesity with SARS-CoV-2 and Its Relationship with the Humoral Response Prior to Vaccination in the State of Mexico: A Cross-Sectional Study. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:2630. [PMID: 37627889 PMCID: PMC10453006 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13162630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is associated with an increased risk of contracting infections. This study aimed to estimate the risk of COVID-19 infection associated with obesity and to assess its role in the specific antibody response against SARS-CoV-2 in 2021. This study included 980 participants from the State of Mexico who participated in a serological survey where they were tested for SARS-CoV-2 IgG anti-S1/S2 and anti-RBD antibodies and asked for height, weight, and previous infection data via a questionnaire. Of the cohort of 980 participants, 451 (46.02%) were seropositive at the time of recruitment (45.2% symptomatic and 54.8% asymptomatic). The risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection with obesity was 2.18 (95% CI: 1.51-3.16), 2.58 (95% CI: 1.63-4.09), and 1.88 (95% CI: 1.18-2.98) for seropositive, asymptomatic, and symptomatic individuals, respectively, compared to those with normal weight. Anti-S1/S2 and anti-RBD IgG antibodies tended to be higher in overweight and obese participants in the seropositive group and stratified by different obesity classes. Additionally, there was a positive correlation between anti-S1/S2 and anti-RBD IgG antibodies and BMI in both men and women in the seropositive group. Obesity is an independent risk factor for SARS-CoV-2 infection when adjusted for confounding variables; however, the relationship between BMI and anti-S1/S2 and anti-RBD IgG antibody levels differed markedly in the presence or absence of symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Montes-Herrera
- Central Epidemiology Laboratory, Mexican Social Security Institute, Mexico City 02990, Mexico; (D.M.-H.); (A.G.S.-L.)
| | - José Esteban Muñoz-Medina
- Quality of Supplies and Specialized Laboratories Coordination, Mexican Social Security Institute, Mexico City 07760, Mexico; (J.E.M.-M.)
| | - Larissa Fernandes-Matano
- Quality of Supplies and Specialized Laboratories Coordination, Mexican Social Security Institute, Mexico City 07760, Mexico; (J.E.M.-M.)
| | - Angel Gustavo Salas-Lais
- Central Epidemiology Laboratory, Mexican Social Security Institute, Mexico City 02990, Mexico; (D.M.-H.); (A.G.S.-L.)
| | | | | | - Irma Eloisa Monroy-Muñoz
- Reproductive and Perinatal Health Research Department, National Institute of Perinatology, Mexico City 11000, Mexico;
| | - Javier Angeles-Martínez
- Central Epidemiology Laboratory, Mexican Social Security Institute, Mexico City 02990, Mexico; (D.M.-H.); (A.G.S.-L.)
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8
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Garske KM, Kar A, Comenho C, Balliu B, Pan DZ, Bhagat YV, Rosenberg G, Koka A, Das SS, Miao Z, Sinsheimer JS, Kaprio J, Pietiläinen KH, Pajukanta P. Increased body mass index is linked to systemic inflammation through altered chromatin co-accessibility in human preadipocytes. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4214. [PMID: 37452040 PMCID: PMC10349101 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39919-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity-induced adipose tissue dysfunction can cause low-grade inflammation and downstream obesity comorbidities. Although preadipocytes may contribute to this pro-inflammatory environment, the underlying mechanisms are unclear. We used human primary preadipocytes from body mass index (BMI) -discordant monozygotic (MZ) twin pairs to generate epigenetic (ATAC-sequence) and transcriptomic (RNA-sequence) data for testing whether increased BMI alters the subnuclear compartmentalization of open chromatin in the twins' preadipocytes, causing downstream inflammation. Here we show that the co-accessibility of open chromatin, i.e. compartmentalization of chromatin activity, is altered in the higher vs lower BMI MZ siblings for a large subset ( ~ 88.5 Mb) of the active subnuclear compartments. Using the UK Biobank we show that variants within these regions contribute to systemic inflammation through interactions with BMI on C-reactive protein. In summary, open chromatin co-accessibility in human preadipocytes is disrupted among the higher BMI siblings, suggesting a mechanism how obesity may lead to inflammation via gene-environment interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina M Garske
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Asha Kar
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Caroline Comenho
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Brunilda Balliu
- Department of Computational Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - David Z Pan
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Bioinformatics Interdepartmental Program, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Yash V Bhagat
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Gregory Rosenberg
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Amogha Koka
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Sankha Subhra Das
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Zong Miao
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Bioinformatics Interdepartmental Program, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Janet S Sinsheimer
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Department of Computational Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Bioinformatics Interdepartmental Program, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Jaakko Kaprio
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
| | - Kirsi H Pietiläinen
- Obesity Research Unit, Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
- Obesity Center, Abdominal Center, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
| | - Päivi Pajukanta
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
- Department of Computational Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
- Institute for Precision Heath, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
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9
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Tadayon Najafabadi B, Rayner DG, Shokraee K, Shokraie K, Panahi P, Rastgou P, Seirafianpour F, Momeni Landi F, Alinia P, Parnianfard N, Hemmati N, Banivaheb B, Radmanesh R, Alvand S, Shahbazi P, Dehghanbanadaki H, Shaker E, Same K, Mohammadi E, Malik A, Srivastava A, Nejat P, Tamara A, Chi Y, Yuan Y, Hajizadeh N, Chan C, Zhen J, Tahapary D, Anderson L, Apatu E, Schoonees A, Naude CE, Thabane L, Foroutan F. Obesity as an independent risk factor for COVID-19 severity and mortality. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2023; 5:CD015201. [PMID: 37222292 PMCID: PMC10207996 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd015201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since December 2019, the world has struggled with the COVID-19 pandemic. Even after the introduction of various vaccines, this disease still takes a considerable toll. In order to improve the optimal allocation of resources and communication of prognosis, healthcare providers and patients need an accurate understanding of factors (such as obesity) that are associated with a higher risk of adverse outcomes from the COVID-19 infection. OBJECTIVES To evaluate obesity as an independent prognostic factor for COVID-19 severity and mortality among adult patients in whom infection with the COVID-19 virus is confirmed. SEARCH METHODS MEDLINE, Embase, two COVID-19 reference collections, and four Chinese biomedical databases were searched up to April 2021. SELECTION CRITERIA We included case-control, case-series, prospective and retrospective cohort studies, and secondary analyses of randomised controlled trials if they evaluated associations between obesity and COVID-19 adverse outcomes including mortality, mechanical ventilation, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, hospitalisation, severe COVID, and COVID pneumonia. Given our interest in ascertaining the independent association between obesity and these outcomes, we selected studies that adjusted for at least one factor other than obesity. Studies were evaluated for inclusion by two independent reviewers working in duplicate. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Using standardised data extraction forms, we extracted relevant information from the included studies. When appropriate, we pooled the estimates of association across studies with the use of random-effects meta-analyses. The Quality in Prognostic Studies (QUIPS) tool provided the platform for assessing the risk of bias across each included study. In our main comparison, we conducted meta-analyses for each obesity class separately. We also meta-analysed unclassified obesity and obesity as a continuous variable (5 kg/m2 increase in BMI (body mass index)). We used the GRADE framework to rate our certainty in the importance of the association observed between obesity and each outcome. As obesity is closely associated with other comorbidities, we decided to prespecify the minimum adjustment set of variables including age, sex, diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease for subgroup analysis. MAIN RESULTS: We identified 171 studies, 149 of which were included in meta-analyses. As compared to 'normal' BMI (18.5 to 24.9 kg/m2) or patients without obesity, those with obesity classes I (BMI 30 to 35 kg/m2), and II (BMI 35 to 40 kg/m2) were not at increased odds for mortality (Class I: odds ratio [OR] 1.04, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.94 to 1.16, high certainty (15 studies, 335,209 participants); Class II: OR 1.16, 95% CI 0.99 to 1.36, high certainty (11 studies, 317,925 participants)). However, those with class III obesity (BMI 40 kg/m2 and above) may be at increased odds for mortality (Class III: OR 1.67, 95% CI 1.39 to 2.00, low certainty, (19 studies, 354,967 participants)) compared to normal BMI or patients without obesity. For mechanical ventilation, we observed increasing odds with higher classes of obesity in comparison to normal BMI or patients without obesity (class I: OR 1.38, 95% CI 1.20 to 1.59, 10 studies, 187,895 participants, moderate certainty; class II: OR 1.67, 95% CI 1.42 to 1.96, 6 studies, 171,149 participants, high certainty; class III: OR 2.17, 95% CI 1.59 to 2.97, 12 studies, 174,520 participants, high certainty). However, we did not observe a dose-response relationship across increasing obesity classifications for ICU admission and hospitalisation. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that obesity is an important independent prognostic factor in the setting of COVID-19. Consideration of obesity may inform the optimal management and allocation of limited resources in the care of COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel G Rayner
- Faculty Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Kamyar Shokraee
- Minimally Invasive Surgery Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kamran Shokraie
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parsa Panahi
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Paravaneh Rastgou
- School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Feryal Momeni Landi
- Functional Neurosurgery Research Center, Shohada Tajrish Neurosurgical Center of Excellence, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pariya Alinia
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Neda Parnianfard
- Research Center for Evidence-Based Medicine, Iranian Evidence-Based Medicine (EBM) Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Nima Hemmati
- Minimally Invasive Surgery Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behrooz Banivaheb
- Minimally Invasive Surgery Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ramin Radmanesh
- Society of Clinical Research Associates, Toronto, Canada
- Graduate division, Master of Advanced Studies in Clinical Research, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Saba Alvand
- Liver and Pancreatobiliary Diseases Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parmida Shahbazi
- School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Elaheh Shaker
- Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kaveh Same
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Esmaeil Mohammadi
- Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abdullah Malik
- Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | | | - Peyman Nejat
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alice Tamara
- Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
- Metabolic, Cardiovascular and Aging Cluster, The Indonesian Medical Education and Research Institute, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Yuan Chi
- Yealth Network, Beijing Yealth Technology Co., Ltd, Beijing, China
- Cochrane Campbell Global Ageing Partnership, London, UK
| | - Yuhong Yuan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Nima Hajizadeh
- School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Cynthia Chan
- Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jamie Zhen
- Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dicky Tahapary
- Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ontario, Canada
| | - Laura Anderson
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Ontario, Canada
| | - Emma Apatu
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anel Schoonees
- Centre for Evidence-based Health Care, Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Celeste E Naude
- Centre for Evidence-based Health Care, Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Lehana Thabane
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence & Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Farid Foroutan
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence & Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
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10
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Li T, Fu J, Cheng J, Elfiky AA, Wei C, Fu J. New progresses on cell surface protein HSPA5/BiP/GRP78 in cancers and COVID-19. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1166680. [PMID: 37275848 PMCID: PMC10232979 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1166680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Heat-shock-protein family A (Hsp70) member 5 (HSPA5), aliases GRP78 or BiP, is a protein encoded with 654 amino acids by the HSPA5 gene located on human chromosome 9q33.3. When the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) was stressed, HSPA5 translocated to the cell surface, the mitochondria, and the nucleus complexed with other proteins to execute its functions. On the cell surface, HSPA5/BiP/GRP78 can play diverse functional roles in cell viability, proliferation, apoptosis, attachments, and innate and adaptive immunity regulations, which lead to various diseases, including cancers and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). COVID-19 is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, which caused the pandemic since the first outbreak in late December 2019. HSPA5, highly expressed in the malignant tumors, likely plays a critical role in SARS-CoV-2 invasion/attack in cancer patients via tumor tissues. In the current study, we review the newest research progresses on cell surface protein HSPA5 expressions, functions, and mechanisms for cancers and SARS-CoV-2 invasion. The therapeutic and prognostic significances and prospects in cancers and COVID-19 disease by targeting HSPA5 are also discussed. Targeting HSPA5 expression by natural products may imply the significance in clinical for both anti-COVID-19 and anti-cancers in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Li
- Key Laboratory of Epigenetics and Oncology, the Research Center for Preclinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Jiewen Fu
- Key Laboratory of Epigenetics and Oncology, the Research Center for Preclinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Jingliang Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Epigenetics and Oncology, the Research Center for Preclinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Abdo A. Elfiky
- Biophysics Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Chunli Wei
- Key Laboratory of Epigenetics and Oncology, the Research Center for Preclinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Junjiang Fu
- Key Laboratory of Epigenetics and Oncology, the Research Center for Preclinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
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11
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Shevchuk O, Palii S, Pak A, Chantada N, Seoane N, Korda M, Campos-Toimil M, Álvarez E. Vessel-on-a-Chip: A Powerful Tool for Investigating Endothelial COVID-19 Fingerprints. Cells 2023; 12:cells12091297. [PMID: 37174696 PMCID: PMC10177552 DOI: 10.3390/cells12091297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) causes various vascular and blood-related reactions, including exacerbated responses. The role of endothelial cells in this acute response is remarkable and may remain important beyond the acute phase. As we move into a post-COVID-19 era (where most people have been or will be infected by the SARS-CoV-2 virus), it is crucial to define the vascular consequences of COVID-19, including the long-term effects on the cardiovascular system. Research is needed to determine whether chronic endothelial dysfunction following COVID-19 could lead to an increased risk of cardiovascular and thrombotic events. Endothelial dysfunction could also serve as a diagnostic and therapeutic target for post-COVID-19. This review covers these topics and examines the potential of emerging vessel-on-a-chip technology to address these needs. Vessel-on-a-chip would allow for the study of COVID-19 pathophysiology in endothelial cells, including the analysis of SARS-CoV-2 interactions with endothelial function, leukocyte recruitment, and platelet activation. "Personalization" could be implemented in the models through induced pluripotent stem cells, patient-specific characteristics, or genetic modified cells. Adaptation for massive testing under standardized protocols is now possible, so the chips could be incorporated for the personalized follow-up of the disease or its sequalae (long COVID) and for the research of new drugs against COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oksana Shevchuk
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, 46001 Ternopil, Ukraine
| | - Svitlana Palii
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, 46001 Ternopil, Ukraine
| | - Anastasiia Pak
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, 46001 Ternopil, Ukraine
| | - Nuria Chantada
- Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Nuria Seoane
- Physiology and Pharmacology of Chronic Diseases (FIFAEC) Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CiMUS), University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Mykhaylo Korda
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, 46001 Ternopil, Ukraine
| | - Manuel Campos-Toimil
- Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Physiology and Pharmacology of Chronic Diseases (FIFAEC) Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CiMUS), University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Ezequiel Álvarez
- Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS), SERGAS, Travesía da Choupana s/n, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- CIBERCV, Institute of Health Carlos III, 28220 Madrid, Spain
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12
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Gaudet M, Kaufmann E, Jalaleddine N, Mogas A, Hachim M, Senok A, Divangahi M, Hamid Q, Al Heialy S. Lung Epithelial Cells from Obese Patients Have Impaired Control of SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076729. [PMID: 37047702 PMCID: PMC10095048 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is known to increase the complications of the COVID-19 coronavirus disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). However, the exact mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 infection in obese patients have not been clearly elucidated. This study aims to better understand the effect of obesity on the course of SARS-CoV-2 infection and identify candidate molecular pathways involved in the progression of the disease, using an in vitro live infection model and RNA sequencing. Results from this study revealed the enhancement of viral load and replication in bronchial epithelial cells (NHBE) from obese subjects at 24 h of infection (MOI = 0.5) as compared to non-obese subjects. Transcriptomic profiling via RNA-Seq highlighted the enrichment of lipid metabolism-related pathways along with LPIN2, an inflammasome regulator, as a unique differentially expressed gene (DEG) in infected bronchial epithelial cells from obese subjects. Such findings correlated with altered cytokine and angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) expression during infection of bronchial cells. These findings provide a novel insight on the molecular interplay between obesity and SARS-CoV-2 infection. In conclusion, this study demonstrates the increased SARS-CoV-2 infection of bronchial epithelial cells from obese subjects and highlights the impaired immunity which may explain the increased severity among obese COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mellissa Gaudet
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Research Institute of the McGill University Healthy Center, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Eva Kaufmann
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Research Institute of the McGill University Healthy Center, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Nour Jalaleddine
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai P.O. Box 505055, United Arab Emirates
| | - Andrea Mogas
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Research Institute of the McGill University Healthy Center, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Mahmood Hachim
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai P.O. Box 505055, United Arab Emirates
| | - Abiola Senok
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai P.O. Box 505055, United Arab Emirates
| | - Maziar Divangahi
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Research Institute of the McGill University Healthy Center, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Qutayba Hamid
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Research Institute of the McGill University Healthy Center, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Saba Al Heialy
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Research Institute of the McGill University Healthy Center, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai P.O. Box 505055, United Arab Emirates
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13
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Mandal SK, Tare M, Deepa PR. COVID-19 infection and metabolic comorbidities: Mitigating role of nutritional sufficiency and drug - nutraceutical combinations of vitamin D. HUMAN NUTRITION & METABOLISM 2023; 31:200179. [PMID: 38620788 PMCID: PMC9762046 DOI: 10.1016/j.hnm.2022.200179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The vulnerability of human health is amplified in recent times with global increase in non-communicable diseases (due to lifestyle changes and environmental insults) and infectious diseases (caused by newer pathogens and drug-resistance strains). Clinical management of diseases is further complicated by disease severity caused by other comorbid factors. Drug-based therapy may not be the sole approach, particularly in scenarios like the COVID-19 pandemic, where there is no specific drug against SARS-CoV-2. Nutritional interventions are significant in armouring human populations in disease prevention, and as adjunctive therapy for disease alleviation. Amidst ongoing clinical trials to determine the efficacy of Vit. D against infections and associated complications, this review examines the pleiotropic benefits of nutritional adequacy of vitamin D (Vit. D) in combating viral infections (COVID-19), its severity and complications due to co-morbidities (obesity, diabetes, stroke and Kawasaki disease), based on research findings and clinical studies. Supplements of Vit. D in combination with other nutrients, and drugs, are suggested as promising preventive-health and adjunct-treatment strategies in the clinical management of viral infections with metabolic comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Kumar Mandal
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan, India
| | - Meghana Tare
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan, India
| | - P R Deepa
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan, India
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14
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Miranda C, Garlatti E, Da Porto A, Rinaldo E, Grazioli S, Zanette G, Tonizzo M. Liver injury in COVID-19 patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: an update. Arch Med Sci Atheroscler Dis 2023; 8:e1-e10. [PMID: 37153375 PMCID: PMC10161789 DOI: 10.5114/amsad/160950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has revolutionized the priorities of the medical society worldwide. Although most patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 exhibit respiratory symptoms, other organs may also be involved, including the liver, often resulting in liver injury. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease in the world, and its prevalence is expected to increase together with the epidemics of type 2 diabetes and obesity. Data about liver injury during COVID-19 are numerous, while overviews of this infection in patients with NAFLD, both in terms of respiratory and liver, are emerging. In this review, we summarise the current research focusing on COVID-19 in NAFLD patients and discuss the association between liver injury in COVID-19 subjects and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cesare Miranda
- Clinic of Endocrinology and Metabolism Diseases, Pordenone Hospital, Pordenone, Italy
| | - Elena Garlatti
- Internal Medicine, Santa Maria degli Angeli Hospital, Pordenone, Italy
| | - Andrea Da Porto
- Department of Medicine, Clinica Medica, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Elena Rinaldo
- Clinic of Endocrinology and Metabolism Diseases, Pordenone Hospital, Pordenone, Italy
| | - Silvia Grazioli
- Internal Medicine, Santa Maria degli Angeli Hospital, Pordenone, Italy
| | - Giorgio Zanette
- Clinic of Endocrinology and Metabolism Diseases, Pordenone Hospital, Pordenone, Italy
| | - Maurizio Tonizzo
- Internal Medicine, Santa Maria degli Angeli Hospital, Pordenone, Italy
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15
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Gualtieri P, Marchetti M, Renzo LD, De Santis GL, Palma R, Colica C, Frank G, De Lorenzo A, Di Lorenzo N. Impact of COVID-19 on the Destiny of Bariatric Patients. Nutrients 2022; 15:nu15010163. [PMID: 36615820 PMCID: PMC9824221 DOI: 10.3390/nu15010163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Obese patients reported worse outcomes of COVID-19 related to prothrombotic and low-grade inflammation status. During the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak, all non-elective surgeries were postponed, including bariatric surgery (BS). This umbrella review wants to underline obesity as a condition provoking low-grade chronic inflammation, and increasing severe COVID-19 risk; to relaunch the prioritization of BS. The literature search was conducted in March 2022 via Pubmed (MEDLINE) and focused on reviews, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses published in peer-reviewed journals. Terms "bariatric surgery" OR "obesity surgery" OR "metabolic surgery" were analyzed with "COVID-19" OR "SARS-CoV-2" using the AND modifier. Only 13 studies of the 406 screened met the objective. The procrastination of BS over the past two years determined a delay in obesity treatment and severe consequences. The COVID-19 pandemic has had a huge impact on economic costs. Although BS has high costs, a lifetime cost advantage over conventional weight loss methods was demonstrated. As the pandemic continues, health policies must recognize obesity as a disease-predisposing factor for SARS-CoV-2 infection, considering COVID-19 as a new comorbidity mitigable by BS. Care pathways for obese patients in COVID/post-COVID era should be revitalized and the concept of elective surgery attributed to BS should be reformulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Gualtieri
- Section of Clinical Nutrition and Nutrigenomics, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Marco Marchetti
- School of Specialization in Food Science, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Di Renzo
- Section of Clinical Nutrition and Nutrigenomics, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Gemma Lou De Santis
- PhD School of Applied Medical-Surgical Sciences, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Roselisa Palma
- School of Specialization in Food Science, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Carmela Colica
- CNR, IBFM UOS, Università Magna Graecia, Viale Europa, 88100 Germaneto, Italy
| | - Giulia Frank
- PhD School of Applied Medical-Surgical Sciences, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonino De Lorenzo
- Section of Clinical Nutrition and Nutrigenomics, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Nicola Di Lorenzo
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
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Durán-Agüero S, Ortiz A, Pérez-Armijo P, Vinueza-Veloz MF, Ríos-Castillo I, Camacho-Lopez S, Cavagnari BM, Nava-González EJ, Carpio-Arias V, Cordón-Arrivillaga K, Mauricio-Alza S, Roncancio JJB, Nuñez-Martínez B, González-Medina G, Ivancovich S, Meza-Miranda ER, Landaeta-Díaz L. Quality of the diet during the COVID-19 pandemic in 11 Latin-American countries. JOURNAL OF HEALTH, POPULATION AND NUTRITION 2022; 41:33. [PMID: 35927689 PMCID: PMC9351126 DOI: 10.1186/s41043-022-00316-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background and objectives
The confinement by COVID-19 has affected the food chain and environments, which added to factors such as anxiety, frustration, fear and stress have modified the quality of the diet in the population around the world. The purpose of this study was to explore diet quality during the COVID-19 pandemic in 11 Latin American countries.
Methodology
Multicentric, cross-sectional study. An online survey was applied to residents of 11 Latin-American countries, during April and May 2020, when confinement was mandatory. Diet quality was evaluated using a validated questionnaire.
Result
10,573 people participated in the study. The quality of the food by country shows that Colombia presented the best quality, while Chile and Paraguay presented the lowest. When comparing the overall results of diet quality by gender, schooling and age, women, people with more schooling and people under 30 years of age, presented better diet quality. The regression model showed that the variables associated with diet quality were: age (df = 3, F = 4. 57, p < 0.001), sex (df = 1, F = 131.01, p < 0.001), level of education (df = 1, F = 38.29, p < 0.001), perception of weight change (df = 2, F = 135.31, p < 0.001), basis services (df = 1, F = 8.63, p = 0.003), and quarantine (df = 1, F = 12.14, p = 0.001).
Conclusion
It is necessary for governments to intervene to reverse these indicators, considering that inadequate feeding favors the appearance of no communicable diseases, which favor a higher risk of infection and worse prognosis with COVID-19.
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The Prevalence, Characteristics and Risk Factors of Persistent Symptoms in Non-Hospitalized and Hospitalized Children with SARS-CoV-2 Infection Followed-Up for up to 12 Months: A Prospective, Cohort Study in Rome, Italy. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11226772. [PMID: 36431250 PMCID: PMC9692851 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11226772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies assessing the prevalence of COVID-19 sequelae in children have included either a small number of children or a short follow-up period, or have only focused on hospitalized children. We investigated the prevalence of persistent symptoms amongst children and assessed the risk factors, including the impact of variants. A prospective cohort study included children (≤18 years old) with PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. The participants were assessed via telephone and face-to-face visits at 1-5, 6-9 and 12 or more months post-SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis using the ISARIC COVID-19 follow-up survey. Of the 679 children enrolled, 51% were female; 488 were infected during the wild virus wave, and 29 were infected with the Alpha, 42 with the Delta and 120 with the Omicron variants. Fatigue (19%), headache (12%), insomnia (7.5%), muscle pain (6.9%) and confusion with concentration issues (6.8%) were the most common persistent symptoms. Families reported an overall improvement over time, with 0.7% of parents interviewed at 12 months or more of the follow-up period reporting a poor recovery. Patients that had not recovered by 6-9 months had a lower probability of recovering during the next follow-up period. Children infected with a variant or the wild virus had an overall similar rate of persistent symptoms (although the pattern of reported symptoms differed significantly) and recovery rates. Conclusions: Recovery rates after SARS-CoV-2 infection improved as time passed from the initial infection, ranging from 4% of children having poor recovery at 1-5 months' follow-up to 1.3% at 6-9 months and 0.7% at 12 months. The patterns of persistence changed according to the variants involved at the time of infection. This study reinforces that a subgroup of children develop long-lasting persistent symptoms and highlights the need for further studies investigating the reasons behind the development of PCC.
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Jian Z, Zeng L, Xu T, Sun S, Yan S, Zhao S, Su Z, Ge C, Zhang Y, Jia J, Dou T. The intestinal microbiome associated with lipid metabolism and obesity in humans and animals. J Appl Microbiol 2022; 133:2915-2930. [PMID: 35882518 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Intestinal microbiota is considered to play an integral role in maintaining health of host by modulating several physiological functions including nutrition, metabolism and immunity. Accumulated data from human and animal studies indicate that intestinal microbes can affect lipid metabolism in host through various direct and indirect biological mechanisms. These mechanisms include the production of various signalling molecules by the intestinal microbiome, which exert a strong effect on lipid metabolism, bile secretion in the liver, reverse transport of cholesterol and energy expenditure and insulin sensitivity in peripheral tissues. This review discusses the findings of recent studies suggesting an emerging role of intestinal microbiota and its metabolites in regulating lipid metabolism and the association of intestinal microbiota with obesity. Additionally, we discuss the controversies and challenges in this research area. However, intestinal micro-organisms are also affected by some external factors, which in turn influence the regulation of microbial lipid metabolism. Therefore, we also discuss the effects of probiotics, prebiotics, diet structure, exercise and other factors on intestinal microbiological changes and lipid metabolism regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zonghui Jian
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Zeng
- The Chenggong Department, Kunming Medical University Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Kunming, People's Republic of China.,Yunnan Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Taojie Xu
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuai Sun
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Shixiong Yan
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Sumei Zhao
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengchang Su
- Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, College of Computing and Informatics, The University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina, USA
| | - Changrong Ge
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunmei Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Junjing Jia
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Tengfei Dou
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, People's Republic of China
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Cabrera-Mendoza B, Wendt FR, Pathak GA, De Angelis F, De Lillo A, Koller D, Polimanti R. The association of obesity-related traits on COVID-19 severity and hospitalization is affected by socio-economic status: a multivariable Mendelian randomization study. Int J Epidemiol 2022; 51:1371-1383. [PMID: 35751636 PMCID: PMC9278255 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyac129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Due to its large impact on human health, socio-economic status (SES) could at least partially influence the established association between obesity and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) severity. To estimate the independent effect of body size and SES on the clinical manifestations of COVID-19, we conducted a Mendelian randomization (MR) study. METHODS Applying two-sample MR approaches, we evaluated the effects of body mass index (BMI, n = 322 154), waist circumference (WC, n = 234 069), hip circumference (n = 213 019) and waist-hip ratio (n = 210 088) with respect to three COVID-19 outcomes: severe respiratory COVID-19 (cases = 8779, controls = 1 000 875), hospitalized COVID-19 (cases = 17 992, controls = 1 810 493) and COVID-19 infection (cases = 87 870, controls = 2 210 804). Applying a multivariable MR (MVMR) approach, we estimated the effect of these anthropometric traits on COVID-19 outcomes accounting for the effect of SES assessed as household income (n = 286 301). RESULTS BMI and WC were associated with severe respiratory COVID-19 [BMI: odds ratio (OR) = 1.51, CI = 1.24-1.84, P = 3.01e-05; WC: OR = 1.48, 95% CI = 1.15-1.91, P = 0.0019] and hospitalized COVID-19 (BMI: OR = 1.50, 95% CI = 1.32-1.72, P = 8.83e-10; WC: OR = 1.41, 95% CI = 1.20-1.67, P = 3.72e-05). Conversely, income was associated with lower odds of severe respiratory (OR = 0.70, 95% CI = 0.53-0.93, P = 0.015) and hospitalized COVID-19 (OR = 0.78, 95% CI = 0.66-0.92, P = 0.003). MVMR analyses showed that the effect of these obesity-related traits on increasing the odds of COVID-19 negative outcomes becomes null when accounting for income. Conversely, the association of income with lower odds of COVID-19 negative outcomes is not affected when including the anthropometric traits in the multivariable model. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that SES contributes to the effect of obesity-related traits on COVID-19 severity and hospitalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda Cabrera-Mendoza
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, West Haven, CT, USA
- VA CT Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Frank R Wendt
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, West Haven, CT, USA
- VA CT Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Gita A Pathak
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, West Haven, CT, USA
- VA CT Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Flavio De Angelis
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, West Haven, CT, USA
- VA CT Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Dora Koller
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, West Haven, CT, USA
- VA CT Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Renato Polimanti
- Corresponding author. Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, VA CT 116A2, 950 Campbell Avenue, West Haven, CT 06516, USA. E-mail:
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Tang SGH, Hadi MHH, Arsad SR, Ker PJ, Ramanathan S, Afandi NAM, Afzal MM, Yaw MW, Krishnan PS, Chen CP, Tiong SK. Prerequisite for COVID-19 Prediction: A Review on Factors Affecting the Infection Rate. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:12997. [PMID: 36293576 PMCID: PMC9602751 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192012997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Since the year 2020, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has emerged as the dominant topic of discussion in the public and research domains. Intensive research has been carried out on several aspects of COVID-19, including vaccines, its transmission mechanism, detection of COVID-19 infection, and its infection rate and factors. The awareness of the public related to the COVID-19 infection factors enables the public to adhere to the standard operating procedures, while a full elucidation on the correlation of different factors to the infection rate facilitates effective measures to minimize the risk of COVID-19 infection by policy makers and enforcers. Hence, this paper aims to provide a comprehensive and analytical review of different factors affecting the COVID-19 infection rate. Furthermore, this review analyses factors which directly and indirectly affect the COVID-19 infection risk, such as physical distance, ventilation, face masks, meteorological factor, socioeconomic factor, vaccination, host factor, SARS-CoV-2 variants, and the availability of COVID-19 testing. Critical analysis was performed for the different factors by providing quantitative and qualitative studies. Lastly, the challenges of correlating each infection risk factor to the predicted risk of COVID-19 infection are discussed, and recommendations for further research works and interventions are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirley Gee Hoon Tang
- Center for Toxicology and Health Risk Studies (CORE), Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia
| | - Muhamad Haziq Hasnul Hadi
- Institute of Sustainable Energy, Department of Electrical & Electronics, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Kajang 43000, Malaysia
| | - Siti Rosilah Arsad
- Institute of Sustainable Energy, Department of Electrical & Electronics, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Kajang 43000, Malaysia
| | - Pin Jern Ker
- Institute of Sustainable Energy, Department of Electrical & Electronics, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Kajang 43000, Malaysia
| | - Santhi Ramanathan
- Faculty of Business, Multimedia University, Jalan Ayer Keroh Lama, Malacca 75450, Malaysia
| | - Nayli Aliah Mohd Afandi
- Institute of Sustainable Energy, Department of Electrical & Electronics, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Kajang 43000, Malaysia
| | - Madihah Mohd Afzal
- Center for Toxicology and Health Risk Studies (CORE), Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia
| | - Mei Wyin Yaw
- Institute of Sustainable Energy, Department of Electrical & Electronics, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Kajang 43000, Malaysia
| | - Prajindra Sankar Krishnan
- Institute of Sustainable Energy, Department of Electrical & Electronics, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Kajang 43000, Malaysia
| | - Chai Phing Chen
- Institute of Sustainable Energy, Department of Electrical & Electronics, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Kajang 43000, Malaysia
| | - Sieh Kiong Tiong
- Institute of Sustainable Energy, Department of Electrical & Electronics, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Kajang 43000, Malaysia
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Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has brought severe challenges to global public health. Many studies have shown that obesity plays a vital role in the occurrence and development of COVID-19. Obesity exacerbates COVID-19, leading to increased intensive care unit hospitalization rate, high demand for invasive mechanical ventilation, and high mortality. The mechanisms of interaction between obesity and COVID-19 involve inflammation, immune response, changes in pulmonary dynamics, disruptions of receptor ligands, and dysfunction of endothelial cells. Therefore, for obese patients with COVID-19, the degree of obesity and related comorbidities should be evaluated. Treatment methods such as administration of anticoagulants and anti-inflammatory drugs like glucocorticoids and airway management should be actively initiated. We should also pay attention to long-term prognosis and vaccine immunity and actively address the physical and psychological problems caused by longterm staying-at-home during the pandemic. The present study summarized the research to investigate the role of obesity in the incidence and progression of COVID-19 and the psychosocial impact and treatment options for obese patients with COVID-19, to guide the understanding and management of the disease.
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Aburto S, Cisterna M, Acuña J, Ruíz C, Viscardi S, Márquez JL, Villano I, Letelier P, Guzmán N. Obesity as a Risk Factor for Severe COVID-19 in Hospitalized Patients: Epidemiology and Potential Mechanisms. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:1838. [PMID: 36292285 PMCID: PMC9601462 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10101838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 infection is a global public health problem, causing significant morbidity and mortality. Evidence shows that obesity is a recognized risk factor for hospitalization, admission to critical care units, and the development of serious complications from COVID-19. This review analyzes the available epidemiological evidence that relates obesity to a higher risk of severity and mortality from COVID-19, examining the possible pathophysiological mechanisms that explain this phenomenon on a cellular and molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scarleth Aburto
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Salud de Precisión, Departamento de Procesos Diagnósticos y Evaluación, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Temuco 4780000, Chile
| | - Mischka Cisterna
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Salud de Precisión, Departamento de Procesos Diagnósticos y Evaluación, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Temuco 4780000, Chile
| | - Javiera Acuña
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Salud de Precisión, Departamento de Procesos Diagnósticos y Evaluación, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Temuco 4780000, Chile
| | - Camila Ruíz
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Salud de Precisión, Departamento de Procesos Diagnósticos y Evaluación, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Temuco 4780000, Chile
| | - Sharon Viscardi
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Salud de Precisión, Departamento de Procesos Diagnósticos y Evaluación, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Temuco 4780000, Chile
- Núcleo de Investigación en Producción Alimentaria, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Temuco 4780000, Chile
- Biotechnology of Functional Foods Laboratory, Camino Sanquilco, Parcela 18, Padre Las Casas 4850000, Chile
| | - José Luis Márquez
- Escuela de Kinesiología, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago 9160000, Chile
| | - Ines Villano
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Università degli Studi della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Pablo Letelier
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Salud de Precisión, Departamento de Procesos Diagnósticos y Evaluación, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Temuco 4780000, Chile
| | - Neftalí Guzmán
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Salud de Precisión, Departamento de Procesos Diagnósticos y Evaluación, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Temuco 4780000, Chile
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Nagatomo I, Nakanishi K, Yamamoto R, Ide S, Ishibashi C, Moriyama T, Yamauchi-Takihara K. Soluble angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 association with lipid metabolism. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:955928. [PMID: 36035417 PMCID: PMC9399413 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.955928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is one of the likely explanations for disease severity in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In this study, we aimed to test whether soluble ACE2 (sACE2) levels are correlated to known risk factors of severe COVID-19 including biochemical parameters, body mass index and smoking habits. We cross-sectionally evaluated serum sACE2 levels in obese or tobacco-smoking populations and compared them to those in non-obese and non-smoking healthy participants. Additionally, fibroblast growth factor-21 (FGF21) was investigated as a candidate regulator of sACE2. A total of 220 male participants aged 30–59 years undergoing an annual health checkup were enrolled in this study: 59 obese, 80 smokers, and 81 healthy. Serum sACE2 levels were significantly higher in obese participants but not in tobacco-smoking participants when compared to healthy participants. sACE2 levels were significantly correlated with total cholesterol and triglycerides but not with body mass index. Furthermore, no regulatory relationship was found between FGF21 and sACE2. Lipid metabolism disorders accompanied by upregulation of serum sACE2 may be underlying mechanisms of COVID-19 aggravation and might be a novel breakthrough treatment target.
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Ethanolic extract of Lippia graveolens stem reduce biochemical markers in a Murine Model with Metabolic Syndrome. Saudi J Biol Sci 2022; 29:103422. [PMID: 36117783 PMCID: PMC9474558 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2022.103422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) is a risk to develop metabolic-chronic degenerative disease, it is important to find natural alternatives to help decrease the risk. Mexican oregano has a traditional use in Mexican food, moreover, has pharmacologic effects that can help to reduce risk the metabolic syndrome. The aim of this work was to determine the effect of Mexican oregano ethanolic extract in metabolic syndrome in murine model. Ethanolic extract of Mexican oregano (Lippia graveolens) stem (Ext) had a favorable effect on biochemical markers in a murine model of MetS, induced by injection of monosodium glutamate (MSG). From newborn female mice, two groups were formed: control and the MSG groups, which received a dosage of 2 mg/kg of MSG via subcutaneous injection at the second and fourth postnatal day (PD 2,4), and 4 mg/kg at the PD 6, 8, 10 to induce obesity. On week 13, a part of the MSG group received Ext (group MSG + Ext) at 300 mg/kg, administered orally daily from week 13 to week 18. The results indicated that ethanolic extract of Lippia graveolens stem decreases the percentage of body fat, waist circumference, and body weight gain as well as cholesterol, serum triglyceride concentrations and systolic and diastolic pressure. Insulin and leptin hormone values showed a significant effect with the Ext administration. However, hepatic lipoperoxidation levels of MSG and MSG + Ext groups did not show any statistically significant differences between them, both being higher than the control group. Taking in consideration the results obtained in this study, it is concluded that the administration of Ext had a beneficial effect in the murine model with MetS. This is the first study demonstrating the potential of the polar fraction Lippia graveolens stem in MetS.
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Mal P, Mukherjee T, Upadhyay AK, Mohanty S, Pattnaik AK. Connecting the dots between inflammatory cascades of obesity and COVID-19 in light of mortal consequences-a review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:57040-57053. [PMID: 35731430 PMCID: PMC9213647 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-21461-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a term that has recently been referred to describe a condition in which a person has become a diseased vessel. Obesity's internal pathology is too mysterious as it has a close resemblance with fatal diseases pathology. Obesity and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are simultaneous epidemics declared by many organizations after observing their rampage in the recent world. Oxidative stress, cytokine storm, interleukin, and their contribution to the internal adipocyte environment implicated in the cascades of inflammatory pathology are portrayed here. Major determinants like angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) axis are highly sensitive molecular factors. Data from various countries suggested a clinical overview of how greater body mass index (BMI) is related to greater COVID-19 risk. It also gives insight into how obese individuals are obligately getting admitted and combating COVID-19 in intensive care unit including children less than 13 years of age under ultimate therapeutic options. There are numerous studies currently taking place for finding a cure for obesity which are mainly focused on natural resources and novel therapies like photobiomodulation (PBM) consisting of laser treatment, infrared treatment, etc. as current pharmacological treatments are reported to have fatal adverse effects. Finally, it is discussed how attenuating obesity will be a solution for future combat strategy. This review gives light on the areas of coagulation, inflammatory parameters, cardiometabolic complications, endothelial dysfunctions, immunological infirmity due to COVID-19 in obese individuals. A conceptual outline about correlation between the inflammatory pathophysiological steps triggering the aggravation of fatal consequences has been drawn in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Payel Mal
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, 835215, Jharkhand, India
| | - Tuhin Mukherjee
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, 835215, Jharkhand, India
| | - Abhay K Upadhyay
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, 835215, Jharkhand, India
| | - Satyajit Mohanty
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, 835215, Jharkhand, India
| | - Ashok K Pattnaik
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, 835215, Jharkhand, India.
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Ibrahim HAA, Helmy E, Amin A, Mahmoud D. Biochemical and Anthropometric Nutritional Assessment in Children Infected with COVID-19: A Cross-sectional Study. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2022.9782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Severe acute respiratory syndrome has led to a pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Malnutrition either biochemically or anthropometrically is a well-known risk factor for COVID-19 and may be the vice versa
Objectives : To investigate the prevalence of malnutrition in children infected with COVID-19 through evaluating the nutritional biomarkers such as serum electrolytes, serum albumin and hemoglobin together with the anthropometric assessment.
Methods: A cross sectional study that was conducted at ElMatria Teaching Hospital for all children admitted with confirmed COVID-19 over a period of 6 months from 1st February 2021 to the end of July, 2021. Nutritional biochemical evaluation included serum electrolytes particularly the potassium and other nutritional biomarkers such as serum albumin and hemoglobin. Nutritional anthropometric evaluation depended on BMI (body mass index), the height/length, weight for length and weight for height..The prevalence of malnutrition esp. hypokalemia was the main outcome.
Results: Hypokalemia was present in 21.8% of the study participants . Other nutritional biomarkers were found as hyponatremia, hypocalcemia , hypophosphatemia, hypomagnesemia were detected in 49.1% , 38.2%,21.8% and 34.5% of the study subjects respectively. Anthropometric malnutrition was present in most of the enrolled children with COVID-19 in the study (65.5 % (n= 36) )through which overweight and obese children occupied a greater percentage.
Conclusion: Malnutrition either biochemically or anthropometrically could be linked to COVID-19 in children. COVID-19 could have negative outcomes on the nutritional status such as electrolytes disturbances. Both malnutrition and COVID-19 are considered synergistic associations
Keywords: Malnutrition. COVID-19. Children. Hypokalemia. Obesity
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Hirschberger S, Gellert L, Effinger D, Muenchhoff M, Herrmann M, Briegel JM, Zwißler B, Kreth S. Ketone Bodies Improve Human CD8+ Cytotoxic T-Cell Immune Response During COVID-19 Infection. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:923502. [PMID: 35783654 PMCID: PMC9243504 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.923502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe COVID-19 is characterized by profound CD8+ T-cell dysfunction, which cannot be specifically treated to date. We here investigate whether metabolic CD8+ T-cell reprogramming by ketone bodies could be a promising strategy to overcome the immunoparalysis in COVID-19 patients. This approach was triggered by our recent pioneering study, which has provided evidence that CD8+ T-cell capacity in healthy subjects could be significantly empowered by a Ketogenic Diet. These improvements were achieved by immunometabolic rewiring toward oxidative phosphorylation. We here report similar strengthening of CD8+ T cells obtained from severely diseased COVID-19 patients: Flow cytometry and ELISA revealed elevated cytokine expression and secretion (up to + 24%) upon ketone treatment and enhanced cell lysis capacity (+ 21%). Metabolic analyses using Seahorse technology revealed upregulated mitochondrial respiratory chain activity (+ 25%), enabling both superior energy supply (+ 44%) and higher mitochondrial reactive oxygen species signaling. These beneficial effects of ketones might represent evolutionary conserved mechanisms to strengthen human immunity. Our findings pave the road for metabolic treatment studies in COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Hirschberger
- Research Unit Molecular Medicine, Department of Anaesthesiology, LMU University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilian-University Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany
- Walter Brendel Center of Experimental Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilian-University Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Luca Gellert
- Walter Brendel Center of Experimental Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilian-University Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - David Effinger
- Research Unit Molecular Medicine, Department of Anaesthesiology, LMU University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilian-University Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany
- Walter Brendel Center of Experimental Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilian-University Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Maximilian Muenchhoff
- Faculty of Medicine, National Reference Center for Retroviruses, Max von Pettenkofer Institute and Gene Center, Virology, Ludwig-Maximilian-University Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany
- COVID-19 Registry of the LMU Munich (CORKUM), LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Markus Herrmann
- COVID-19 Registry of the LMU Munich (CORKUM), LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Medicine III, LMU University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilian-University Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Josef-Maria Briegel
- Research Unit Molecular Medicine, Department of Anaesthesiology, LMU University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilian-University Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany
- COVID-19 Registry of the LMU Munich (CORKUM), LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Bernhard Zwißler
- Research Unit Molecular Medicine, Department of Anaesthesiology, LMU University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilian-University Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany
- COVID-19 Registry of the LMU Munich (CORKUM), LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Simone Kreth
- Research Unit Molecular Medicine, Department of Anaesthesiology, LMU University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilian-University Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany
- Walter Brendel Center of Experimental Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilian-University Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany
- *Correspondence: Simone Kreth,
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Gu M, Pan H, Yuan Y, Zhou X, Chen L, Wang X, Fang F, Hu L, Xie Y, Shen C. Sera Metabolomics Characterization of Patients at Different Stages in Wuhan Identifies Critical Biomarkers of COVID-19. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:882661. [PMID: 35586248 PMCID: PMC9108257 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.882661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We have witnessed the 2-year-long global rampage of COVID-19 caused by the wide spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). However, knowledge about biomarkers of the entire COVID-19 process is limited. Identification of the systemic features of COVID-19 will lead to critical biomarkers and therapeutic targets for early intervention and clinical disease course prediction. Here, we performed a comprehensive analysis of clinical measurements and serum metabolomics in 199 patients with different stages of COVID-19. In particular, our study is the first serum metabolomic analysis of critical rehabilitation patients and critical death patients. We found many differential metabolites in the comparison of metabolomic results between ordinary, severe, and critical patients and uninfected patients. Through the metabolomic results of COVID-19 patients in various stages, and critical rehabilitation patients and critical death patients, we identified a series of differential metabolites as biomarkers, a separate queue and precise distinction, and predicted COVID-19 verification. These differentially expressed metabolites, included 1,2-di-(9Z,12Z-octadecadienoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphate, propylparaben, 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid, triethanolamine, chavicol, disialosyl galactosyl globoside, 1-arachidonoylglycerophosphoinositol, and alpha-methylstyrene, all of which have been identified for the first time as biomarkers in COVID-19 progression. These biomarkers are involved in many pathological and physiological pathways of COVID-19, for example, immune responses, platelet degranulation, and metabolism which might result in pathogenesis. Our results showed valuable information about metabolites obviously altered in COVID-19 patients with different stages, which could shed light on the pathogenesis as well as serve as potential therapeutic agents of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meijia Gu
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Huaqin Pan
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University; Clinical Research Center of Hubei Critical Care Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuncong Yuan
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- China Center for Type Culture Collection, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xuemin Zhou
- Shanghai BIOTREE Biological Technology Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Luojia Chen
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xingran Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Fang Fang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Liu Hu
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yaxuan Xie
- School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chao Shen
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- China Center for Type Culture Collection, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Hammons AJ, Robart R, Gonzalez G. Time at Home during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Findings from Focus Groups with Hispanic Parents. CHILDREN 2022; 9:children9050634. [PMID: 35626811 PMCID: PMC9139527 DOI: 10.3390/children9050634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic upended family life, forcing many families to reorganize their daily routines. Hispanic families have been especially affected by the pandemic, experiencing cumulative stressors and increased risks of contracting the virus, hospitalization, and morbidity. To date, there is limited research examining home life within Hispanic families during the pandemic. Given the extended amount of time for which families have been isolated at home together, identifying factors that may enhance or detract from well-being within the home is important in advancing efforts to support at-risk families. In this qualitative study, 29 Hispanic parents (primarily mothers) living in California participated in one of eight focus groups conducted in Spanish. Parents described activities and behaviors during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. The following six themes were identified using reflexive thematic analysis: (1) parents focused on family time; (2) children adapted to the changes of the pandemic; (3) parents and children engaged in physical activity; (4) children mainly entertained themselves with screens; (5) COVID-19 media coverage was accessible in the home; and (6) parents worried about the virus, and its effects on the future. While findings include anxiety around the virus and its attendant effects, family strengths were also present throughout the discussions. Public policy should consider ways to leverage family strengths to preserve family relationships and routines during future public health crises.
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D’Auria E, Calcaterra V, Verduci E, Ghezzi M, Lamberti R, Vizzuso S, Baldassarre P, Pendezza E, Perico V, Bosetti A, Zuccotti GV. Immunonutrition and SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Children with Obesity. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14091701. [PMID: 35565668 PMCID: PMC9101404 DOI: 10.3390/nu14091701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the beginning of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, there has been much discussion about the role of diet and antiviral immunity in the context of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Intake levels of vitamins D, C, B12, and iron have been demonstrated to be correlated with lower COVID-19 incidence and mortality. Obesity has been demonstrated to be an independent risk for the severity of COVID-19 infection in adults and also in children. This may be due to different mechanisms, mainly including the gut dysbiosis status observed in obese children. Moreover, the existence of a gut-lung axis added new knowledge to on the potential mechanisms by which diet and dietary substances may affect immune function. The aim of this narrative review is to address the intricate inter-relationship between COVID-19, immune function, and obesity-related inflammation and to describe the role of nutrients and dietary patterns in enhancing the immune system. Two ways to fight against COVID-19 disease exist: one with an antiviral response through immune system boosting and another with antioxidants with an anti-inflammatory effect. In the current pandemic situation, the intake of a varied and balanced diet, rich in micronutrients and bioactive compounds including fibers, should be recommended. However, clinical studies conducted on children affected by SARS-CoV-2 infection and comorbidity are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enza D’Auria
- Pediatric Department, “Vittore Buzzi” Children’s Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy; (E.D.); (V.C.); (M.G.); (R.L.); (S.V.); (P.B.); (E.P.); (V.P.); (A.B.); (G.V.Z.)
| | - Valeria Calcaterra
- Pediatric Department, “Vittore Buzzi” Children’s Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy; (E.D.); (V.C.); (M.G.); (R.L.); (S.V.); (P.B.); (E.P.); (V.P.); (A.B.); (G.V.Z.)
- Pediatric and Adolescent Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Elvira Verduci
- Pediatric Department, “Vittore Buzzi” Children’s Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy; (E.D.); (V.C.); (M.G.); (R.L.); (S.V.); (P.B.); (E.P.); (V.P.); (A.B.); (G.V.Z.)
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, 20142 Milan, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Michele Ghezzi
- Pediatric Department, “Vittore Buzzi” Children’s Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy; (E.D.); (V.C.); (M.G.); (R.L.); (S.V.); (P.B.); (E.P.); (V.P.); (A.B.); (G.V.Z.)
| | - Rossella Lamberti
- Pediatric Department, “Vittore Buzzi” Children’s Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy; (E.D.); (V.C.); (M.G.); (R.L.); (S.V.); (P.B.); (E.P.); (V.P.); (A.B.); (G.V.Z.)
| | - Sara Vizzuso
- Pediatric Department, “Vittore Buzzi” Children’s Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy; (E.D.); (V.C.); (M.G.); (R.L.); (S.V.); (P.B.); (E.P.); (V.P.); (A.B.); (G.V.Z.)
| | - Paola Baldassarre
- Pediatric Department, “Vittore Buzzi” Children’s Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy; (E.D.); (V.C.); (M.G.); (R.L.); (S.V.); (P.B.); (E.P.); (V.P.); (A.B.); (G.V.Z.)
| | - Erica Pendezza
- Pediatric Department, “Vittore Buzzi” Children’s Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy; (E.D.); (V.C.); (M.G.); (R.L.); (S.V.); (P.B.); (E.P.); (V.P.); (A.B.); (G.V.Z.)
| | - Veronica Perico
- Pediatric Department, “Vittore Buzzi” Children’s Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy; (E.D.); (V.C.); (M.G.); (R.L.); (S.V.); (P.B.); (E.P.); (V.P.); (A.B.); (G.V.Z.)
| | - Alessandra Bosetti
- Pediatric Department, “Vittore Buzzi” Children’s Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy; (E.D.); (V.C.); (M.G.); (R.L.); (S.V.); (P.B.); (E.P.); (V.P.); (A.B.); (G.V.Z.)
| | - Gian Vincenzo Zuccotti
- Pediatric Department, “Vittore Buzzi” Children’s Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy; (E.D.); (V.C.); (M.G.); (R.L.); (S.V.); (P.B.); (E.P.); (V.P.); (A.B.); (G.V.Z.)
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Science “L. Sacco”, University of Milan, 20157 Milan, Italy
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Hehar J, Todter E, Lahiri SW. Association of Patient Characteristics, Diabetes, BMI, and Obesity With Severe COVID-19 in Metropolitan Detroit, MI. Clin Diabetes 2022; 40:141-152. [PMID: 35669303 PMCID: PMC9160544 DOI: 10.2337/cd21-0065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Identification of specific risk factors for severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is crucial for prevention of poor outcomes and mortality. This retrospective cohort study of patients hospitalized with COVID-19 demonstrated that older age, male sex, Black race, diabetes, elevated BMI, and elevated inflammatory markers were correlated with critical illness in COVID-19. Older age, male sex, diabetes, and inflammatory markers, but not elevated BMI, were associated with mortality. Despite having greater odds of critical illness, Black patients had lower odds of death than White patients. Older age, male sex, diabetes, and elevated inflammatory markers were significantly associated with venous thromboembolism. These findings suggest a need to aggressively identify and manage modifiable risk factors (i.e., diabetes and elevated BMI) and encourage vaccination of at-risk individuals to prevent poor outcomes from COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaspreet Hehar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Bone and Mineral Disorders, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI
| | - Erika Todter
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI
| | - Sharon W. Lahiri
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Bone and Mineral Disorders, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI
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Soldevila B, Puig-Domingo M, Marazuela M. Basic mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 infection. What endocrine systems could be implicated? Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2022; 23:137-150. [PMID: 34333732 PMCID: PMC8325622 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-021-09678-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Although SARS-CoV-2 viral attacks starts by the interaction of spike protein (S Protein) to ACE2 receptor located at the cell surface of respiratory tract and digestive system cells, different endocrine targets, endocrine organs and metabolic conditions are of fundamental relevance for understanding disease progression and special outcomes, in particular those of fatal consequences for the patient. During pandemic, moreover, a specific phenotype of COVID-19 metabolic patient has been described, characterized by being at particular risk of worse outcomes. In the present paper we describe the mechanism of viral interaction with endocrine organs, emphasizing the specific endocrine molecules of particular relevance explaining COVID-19 disease evolution and outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berta Soldevila
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Department of Medicine, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute and Hospital, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Badalona, Spain
| | - Manel Puig-Domingo
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Department of Medicine, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute and Hospital, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Badalona, Spain
| | - Mónica Marazuela
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación de La Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
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Resistin and IL-15 as Predictors of Invasive Mechanical Ventilation in COVID-19 Pneumonia Irrespective of the Presence of Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12030391. [PMID: 35330391 PMCID: PMC8955294 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12030391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The cytokine signature present in COVID-19 could provide information on the pathogenic mechanisms of the disease and could identify possible prognostic biomarkers and possible therapeutic targets. In this longitudinal work, we studied the clinical and biochemical parameters and circulating cytokine levels of 146 patients at the time of admission for COVID-19 and 4–6 weeks later. The main objective of this study was to determine whether basal cytokines could be early prognostic biomarkers of COVID-19, and also to analyze the impact of comorbidities, such as obesity or metabolic syndrome (MS), in the cytokine profile. The levels of most inflammatory cytokines were elevated on admission in relation to the level that was reached 4–6 weeks later, except for IL-1β, which was lower on admission; these levels were irrespective of the presence of obesity or MS since the cytokine storm masks these inflammatory processes. Among the cytokines analyzed, those that correlated with a worse prognosis of COVID-19 were resistin, IL-6, IL-8, IL-15, MCP-1 and TNF-α. Specifically, resistin and IL-15 are the best early predictors of requiring invasive ventilation. Therefore, resistin and IL-15 should be included in the personalized treatment decision algorithm of patients with COVID-19.
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The Potential of Dietary Bioactive Compounds against SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19-Induced Endothelial Dysfunction. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27051623. [PMID: 35268723 PMCID: PMC8912066 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27051623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
COVID-19 is an endothelial disease. All the major comorbidities that increase the risk for severe SARS-CoV-2 infection and severe COVID-19 including old age, obesity, diabetes, hypertension, respiratory disease, compromised immune system, coronary artery disease or heart failure are associated with dysfunctional endothelium. Genetics and environmental factors (epigenetics) are major risk factors for endothelial dysfunction. Individuals with metabolic syndrome are at increased risk for severe SARS-CoV-2 infection and poor COVID-19 outcomes and higher risk of mortality. Old age is a non-modifiable risk factor. All other risk factors are modifiable. This review also identifies dietary risk factors for endothelial dysfunction. Potential dietary preventions that address endothelial dysfunction and its sequelae may have an important role in preventing SARS-CoV-2 infection severity and are key factors for future research to address. This review presents some dietary bioactives with demonstrated efficacy against dysfunctional endothelial cells. This review also covers dietary bioactives with efficacy against SARS-CoV-2 infection. Dietary bioactive compounds that prevent endothelial dysfunction and its sequelae, especially in the gastrointestinal tract, will result in more effective prevention of SARS-CoV-2 variant infection severity and are key factors for future food research to address.
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Mechanisms contributing to adverse outcomes of COVID-19 in obesity. Mol Cell Biochem 2022; 477:1155-1193. [PMID: 35084674 PMCID: PMC8793096 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-022-04356-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
A growing amount of epidemiological data from multiple countries indicate an increased prevalence of obesity, more importantly central obesity, among hospitalized subjects with COVID-19. This suggests that obesity is a major factor contributing to adverse outcome of the disease. As it is a metabolic disorder with dysregulated immune and endocrine function, it is logical that dysfunctional metabolism contributes to the mechanisms behind obesity being a risk factor for adverse outcome in COVID-19. Emerging data suggest that in obese subjects, (a) the molecular mechanisms of viral entry and spread mediated through ACE2 receptor, a multifunctional host cell protein which links to cellular homeostasis mechanisms, are affected. This includes perturbation of the physiological renin-angiotensin system pathway causing pro-inflammatory and pro-thrombotic challenges (b) existent metabolic overload and ER stress-induced UPR pathway make obese subjects vulnerable to severe COVID-19, (c) host cell response is altered involving reprogramming of metabolism and epigenetic mechanisms involving microRNAs in line with changes in obesity, and (d) adiposopathy with altered endocrine, adipokine, and cytokine profile contributes to altered immune cell metabolism, systemic inflammation, and vascular endothelial dysfunction, exacerbating COVID-19 pathology. In this review, we have examined the available literature on the underlying mechanisms contributing to obesity being a risk for adverse outcome in COVID-19.
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Sunil AA, Skaria T. Novel regulators of airway epithelial barrier function during inflammation: potential targets for drug repurposing. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2022; 26:119-132. [PMID: 35085478 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2022.2035720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Endogenous inflammatory signaling molecules resulting from deregulated immune responses, can impair airway epithelial barrier function and predispose individuals with airway inflammatory diseases to exacerbations and lung infections. Targeting the specific endogenous factors disrupting the airway barrier therefore has the potential to prevent disease exacerbations without affecting the protective immune responses. AREAS COVERED Here, we review the endogenous factors and specific mechanisms disrupting airway epithelial barrier during inflammation and reflect on whether these factors can be specifically targeted by repurposed existing drugs. Literature search was conducted using PubMed, drug database of US FDA and European Medicines Agency until and including September 2021. EXPERT OPINION IL-4 and IL-13 signaling are the major pathways disrupting the airway epithelial barrier during airway inflammation. However, blocking IL-4/IL-13 signaling may adversely affect protective immune responses and increase susceptibility of host to infections. An alternate approach to modulate airway epithelial barrier function involves targeting specific downstream component of IL-4/IL-13 signaling or different inflammatory mediators responsible for regulation of airway epithelial barrier. Airway epithelium-targeted therapy using inhibitors of HDAC, HSP90, MIF, mTOR, IL-17A and VEGF may be a potential strategy to prevent airway epithelial barrier dysfunction in airway inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahsan Anjoom Sunil
- School of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology Calicut, Calicut, Kerala, India
| | - Tom Skaria
- School of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology Calicut, Calicut, Kerala, India
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Palaiodimos L, Ali R, Teo HO, Parthasarathy S, Karamanis D, Chamorro-Pareja N, Kokkinidis DG, Kaur S, Kladas M, Sperling J, Chang M, Hupart K, Cha-Fong C, Srinivasan S, Kishore P, Davis N, Faillace RT. Obesity, Inflammation, and Mortality in COVID-19: An Observational Study from the Public Health Care System of New York City. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11030622. [PMID: 35160073 PMCID: PMC8836690 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11030622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe obesity increases the risk for negative outcomes in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Our objectives were to investigate the effect of BMI on in-hospital outcomes in our New York City Health and Hospitals’ ethnically diverse population, further explore this effect by age, sex, race/ethnicity, and timing of admission, and, given the relationship between COVID-19 and hyperinflammation, assess the concentrations of markers of systemic inflammation in different BMI groups. A retrospective study was conducted in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in the public health care system of New York City from 1 March 2020 to 31 October 2020. A total of 8833 patients were included in this analysis (women: 3593, median age: 62 years). The median body mass index (BMI) was 27.9 kg/m2. Both overweight and obesity were independently associated with in-hospital death. The association of overweight and obesity with death appeared to be stronger in men, younger patients, and individuals of Hispanic ethnicity. We did not observe higher concentrations of inflammatory markers in patients with obesity as compared to those without obesity. In conclusion, overweight and obesity were independently associated with in-hospital death. Obesity was not associated with higher concentrations of inflammatory markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonidas Palaiodimos
- NYC Health + Hospitals, New York, NY 10461, USA; (H.O.T.); (N.C.-P.); (D.G.K.); (S.K.); (M.K.); (J.S.); (M.C.); (K.H.); (C.C.-F.); (P.K.); (N.D.); (R.T.F.)
- Jacobi Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
- Correspondence: (L.P.); (S.P.)
| | - Ryad Ali
- Department of Health Informatics, Rutgers School of Health Professions, Newark, NJ 07107, USA; (R.A.); (D.K.); (S.S.)
| | - Hugo O. Teo
- NYC Health + Hospitals, New York, NY 10461, USA; (H.O.T.); (N.C.-P.); (D.G.K.); (S.K.); (M.K.); (J.S.); (M.C.); (K.H.); (C.C.-F.); (P.K.); (N.D.); (R.T.F.)
| | - Sahana Parthasarathy
- NYC Health + Hospitals, New York, NY 10461, USA; (H.O.T.); (N.C.-P.); (D.G.K.); (S.K.); (M.K.); (J.S.); (M.C.); (K.H.); (C.C.-F.); (P.K.); (N.D.); (R.T.F.)
- Jacobi Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
- Correspondence: (L.P.); (S.P.)
| | - Dimitrios Karamanis
- Department of Health Informatics, Rutgers School of Health Professions, Newark, NJ 07107, USA; (R.A.); (D.K.); (S.S.)
| | - Natalia Chamorro-Pareja
- NYC Health + Hospitals, New York, NY 10461, USA; (H.O.T.); (N.C.-P.); (D.G.K.); (S.K.); (M.K.); (J.S.); (M.C.); (K.H.); (C.C.-F.); (P.K.); (N.D.); (R.T.F.)
- Jacobi Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Damianos G. Kokkinidis
- NYC Health + Hospitals, New York, NY 10461, USA; (H.O.T.); (N.C.-P.); (D.G.K.); (S.K.); (M.K.); (J.S.); (M.C.); (K.H.); (C.C.-F.); (P.K.); (N.D.); (R.T.F.)
| | - Sharanjit Kaur
- NYC Health + Hospitals, New York, NY 10461, USA; (H.O.T.); (N.C.-P.); (D.G.K.); (S.K.); (M.K.); (J.S.); (M.C.); (K.H.); (C.C.-F.); (P.K.); (N.D.); (R.T.F.)
| | - Michail Kladas
- NYC Health + Hospitals, New York, NY 10461, USA; (H.O.T.); (N.C.-P.); (D.G.K.); (S.K.); (M.K.); (J.S.); (M.C.); (K.H.); (C.C.-F.); (P.K.); (N.D.); (R.T.F.)
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Jeremy Sperling
- NYC Health + Hospitals, New York, NY 10461, USA; (H.O.T.); (N.C.-P.); (D.G.K.); (S.K.); (M.K.); (J.S.); (M.C.); (K.H.); (C.C.-F.); (P.K.); (N.D.); (R.T.F.)
- Jacobi Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Michael Chang
- NYC Health + Hospitals, New York, NY 10461, USA; (H.O.T.); (N.C.-P.); (D.G.K.); (S.K.); (M.K.); (J.S.); (M.C.); (K.H.); (C.C.-F.); (P.K.); (N.D.); (R.T.F.)
| | - Kenneth Hupart
- NYC Health + Hospitals, New York, NY 10461, USA; (H.O.T.); (N.C.-P.); (D.G.K.); (S.K.); (M.K.); (J.S.); (M.C.); (K.H.); (C.C.-F.); (P.K.); (N.D.); (R.T.F.)
| | - Colin Cha-Fong
- NYC Health + Hospitals, New York, NY 10461, USA; (H.O.T.); (N.C.-P.); (D.G.K.); (S.K.); (M.K.); (J.S.); (M.C.); (K.H.); (C.C.-F.); (P.K.); (N.D.); (R.T.F.)
- Jacobi Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Shankar Srinivasan
- Department of Health Informatics, Rutgers School of Health Professions, Newark, NJ 07107, USA; (R.A.); (D.K.); (S.S.)
| | - Preeti Kishore
- NYC Health + Hospitals, New York, NY 10461, USA; (H.O.T.); (N.C.-P.); (D.G.K.); (S.K.); (M.K.); (J.S.); (M.C.); (K.H.); (C.C.-F.); (P.K.); (N.D.); (R.T.F.)
- Jacobi Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Nichola Davis
- NYC Health + Hospitals, New York, NY 10461, USA; (H.O.T.); (N.C.-P.); (D.G.K.); (S.K.); (M.K.); (J.S.); (M.C.); (K.H.); (C.C.-F.); (P.K.); (N.D.); (R.T.F.)
- Department of Population Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Robert T. Faillace
- NYC Health + Hospitals, New York, NY 10461, USA; (H.O.T.); (N.C.-P.); (D.G.K.); (S.K.); (M.K.); (J.S.); (M.C.); (K.H.); (C.C.-F.); (P.K.); (N.D.); (R.T.F.)
- Jacobi Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
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Westerman KE, Lin J, Sevilla-Gonzalez MDR, Tadess B, Marchek C, Manning AK. Gene-Environment Interaction Analysis Incorporating Sex, Cardiometabolic Diseases, and Multiple Deprivation Index Reveals Novel Genetic Associations With COVID-19 Severity. Front Genet 2022; 12:782172. [PMID: 35096005 PMCID: PMC8790169 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.782172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence indicates that specific genetic variants influence the severity of outcomes after infection with COVID-19. However, it is not clear whether the effect of these genetic factors is independent of the risk due to more established non-genetic demographic and metabolic risk factors such as male sex, poor cardiometabolic health, and low socioeconomic status. We sought to identify interactions between genetic variants and non-genetic risk factors influencing COVID-19 severity via a genome-wide interaction study in the UK Biobank. Of 378,051 unrelated individuals of European ancestry, 2,402 were classified as having experienced severe COVID-19, defined as hospitalization or death due to COVID-19. Exposures included sex, cardiometabolic risk factors [obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D), tested jointly], and multiple deprivation index. Multiplicative interaction was tested using a logistic regression model, conducting both an interaction test and a joint test of genetic main and interaction effects. Five independent variants reached genome-wide significance in the joint test, one of which also reached significance in the interaction test. One of these, rs2268616 in the placental growth factor (PGF) gene, showed stronger effects in males and in individuals with T2D. None of the five variants showed effects on a similarly-defined phenotype in a lookup in the COVID-19 Host Genetics Initiative. These results reveal potential additional genetic loci contributing to COVID-19 severity and demonstrate the value of including non-genetic risk factors in an interaction testing approach for genetic discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth E. Westerman
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Mongan Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Programs in Metabolism and Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Joanna Lin
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Mongan Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Magdalena del Rocio Sevilla-Gonzalez
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Mongan Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Programs in Metabolism and Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Beza Tadess
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Mongan Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Programs in Metabolism and Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Casey Marchek
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Mongan Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Programs in Metabolism and Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Alisa K. Manning
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Mongan Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Programs in Metabolism and Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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Ryrsø CK, Dungu AM, Hegelund MH, Jensen AV, Sejdic A, Faurholt-Jepsen D, Krogh-Madsen R, Lindegaard B. Body composition, physical capacity, and immuno-metabolic profile in community-acquired pneumonia caused by COVID-19, influenza, and bacteria: a prospective cohort study. Int J Obes (Lond) 2022; 46:817-824. [PMID: 34987205 PMCID: PMC8729099 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-021-01057-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Different pathogens can cause community-acquired pneumonia (CAP); however, the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has re-emphasized the vital role of respiratory viruses as a cause of CAP. The aim was to explore differences in metabolic profile, body composition, physical capacity, and inflammation between patients hospitalized with CAP caused by different etiology. METHODS A prospective study of Danish patients hospitalized with CAP caused by SARS-CoV-2, influenza, or bacteria. Fat (FM) and fat-free mass (FFM) were assessed with bioelectrical impedance analysis. Physical activity and capacity were assessed using questionnaires and handgrip strength. Plasma (p)-glucose, p-lipids, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), p-adiponectin, and cytokines were measured. RESULTS Among 164 patients with CAP, etiology did not affect admission levels of glucose, HbA1c, adiponectin, or lipids. Overall, 15.2% had known diabetes, 6.1% had undiagnosed diabetes, 51.3% had pre-diabetes, 81% had hyperglycemia, and 60% had low HDL-cholesterol, with no difference between groups. Body mass index, FM, and FFM were similar between groups, with 73% of the patients being characterized with abdominal obesity, although waist circumference was lower in patients with COVID-19. Physical capacity was similar between groups. More than 80% had low handgrip strength and low physical activity levels. Compared to patients with influenza, patients with COVID-19 had increased levels of interferon (IFN)-γ (mean difference (MD) 4.14; 95% CI 1.36-12.58; p = 0.008), interleukin (IL)-4 (MD 1.82; 95% CI 1.12-2.97; p = 0.012), IL-5 (MD 2.22; 95% CI 1.09-4.52; p = 0.024), and IL-6 (MD 2.41; 95% CI 1.02-5.68; p = 0.044) and increased IFN-γ (MD 6.10; 95% CI 2.53-14.71; p < 0.001) and IL-10 (MD 2.68; 95% CI 1.53-4.69; p < 0.001) compared to patients with bacterial CAP, but no difference in IL-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α, IL-8, IL-18, IL-12p70, C-reactive protein, and adiponectin. CONCLUSION Despite higher inflammatory response in patients with COVID-19, metabolic profile, body composition, and physical capacity were similar to patients with influenza and bacterial CAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Koch Ryrsø
- Department of Pulmonary and Infectious Diseases, Nordsjællands Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Centre for Physical Activity Research, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Arnold Matovu Dungu
- Department of Pulmonary and Infectious Diseases, Nordsjællands Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Maria Hein Hegelund
- Department of Pulmonary and Infectious Diseases, Nordsjællands Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Andreas Vestergaard Jensen
- Department of Pulmonary and Infectious Diseases, Nordsjællands Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Adin Sejdic
- Department of Pulmonary and Infectious Diseases, Nordsjællands Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Daniel Faurholt-Jepsen
- Department of Pulmonary and Infectious Diseases, Nordsjællands Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rikke Krogh-Madsen
- Centre for Physical Activity Research, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Birgitte Lindegaard
- Department of Pulmonary and Infectious Diseases, Nordsjællands Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. .,Centre for Physical Activity Research, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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40
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Uesugi S, Hakozaki M, Kanno Y, Shiraishi A, Suzuki M, Kimura KI, Shiono Y, Yano A. Petasin is the main component responsible for the anti-adipogenic effect of Petasites japonicus. Fitoterapia 2022; 157:105130. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2022.105130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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41
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Frasca D, Reidy L, Romero M, Diaz A, Cray C, Kahl K, Blomberg BB. The majority of SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies in COVID-19 patients with obesity are autoimmune and not neutralizing. Int J Obes (Lond) 2022; 46:427-432. [PMID: 34744161 PMCID: PMC8572364 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-021-01016-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Obesity decreases the secretion of SARS-CoV-2-specific IgG antibodies in the blood of COVID-19 patients. How obesity impacts the quality of the antibodies secreted, however, is not understood. Therefore, the objective of this study is to evaluate the presence of neutralizing versus autoimmune antibodies in COVID-19 patients with obesity. SUBJECTS/METHODS Thirty serum samples from individuals who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 infection by RT-PCR were collected from inpatient and outpatient settings. Of these, 15 were lean (BMI < 25) and 15 were obese (BMI ≥ 30). Control serum samples were from 30 uninfected individuals, age-, gender-, and BMI-matched, recruited before the current pandemic. Neutralizing and autoimmune antibodies were measured by ELISA. IgG autoimmune antibodies were specific for malondialdehyde (MDA), a marker of oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation, and for adipocyte-derived protein antigens (AD), markers of virus-induced cell death in the obese adipose tissue. RESULTS SARS-CoV-2 infection induces neutralizing antibodies in all lean but only in few obese COVID-19 patients. SARS-CoV-2 infection also induces anti-MDA and anti-AD autoimmune antibodies more in lean than in obese patients as compared to uninfected controls. Serum levels of these autoimmune antibodies, however, are always higher in obese versus lean COVID-19 patients. Moreover, because the autoimmune antibodies found in serum samples of COVID-19 patients have been correlated with serum levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), a general marker of inflammation, we also evaluated the association of anti-MDA and anti-AD antibodies with serum CRP and found a positive association between CRP and autoimmune antibodies. CONCLUSIONS Our results highlight the importance of evaluating the quality of the antibody response in COVID-19 patients with obesity, particularly the presence of autoimmune antibodies, and identify biomarkers of self-tolerance breakdown. This is crucial to protect this vulnerable population at higher risk of responding poorly to infection with SARS-CoV-2 than lean controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Frasca
- grid.26790.3a0000 0004 1936 8606Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL USA ,grid.26790.3a0000 0004 1936 8606Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL USA
| | - Lisa Reidy
- grid.26790.3a0000 0004 1936 8606Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL USA
| | - Maria Romero
- grid.26790.3a0000 0004 1936 8606Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL USA
| | - Alain Diaz
- grid.26790.3a0000 0004 1936 8606Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL USA
| | - Carolyn Cray
- grid.26790.3a0000 0004 1936 8606Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL USA
| | - Kristin Kahl
- grid.26790.3a0000 0004 1936 8606Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL USA
| | - Bonnie B. Blomberg
- grid.26790.3a0000 0004 1936 8606Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL USA ,grid.26790.3a0000 0004 1936 8606Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL USA
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Ergül E, Yılmaz AS, Öğütveren MM, Emlek N, Kostakoğlu U, Çetin M. COVID 19 disease independently predicted endothelial dysfunction measured by flow-mediated dilatation. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging 2022; 38:25-32. [PMID: 34286447 PMCID: PMC8294249 DOI: 10.1007/s10554-021-02356-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The systemic effects of COVID-19 disease are still largely uncertain and needs to be scrutinized with further trials. Endothelial dysfunction (ED) is responsible for the majority of adverse cardiovascular events. Flow-mediated dilation (FMD) is easily obtainable method to assess ED accurately. It is aimed to evaluate ED by measuring FMD following COVID-19 disease. Patients diagnosed with COVID-19 disease were recruited to the hospital two month after the discharge. Sex and age-matched healthy subjects were determined as the control group. Blood samples and FMD measurements were obtained from each participant. All subjects were divided into two groups according to the presence of ED determined by FMD measurements. These two groups were compared in terms of demographic features and the presence of recovered COVID-19 disease. A total of 92 subjects consisting of 59 without ED and 33 with ED were included in the study. ED (+) group was older (p = 0.015) and more likely to have hypertension (p = 0.044) and COVID-19 rate was higher in ED (+) group (p = 0.009). While neutrophil count (p = 0.047) and CRP (p = 0.036) were higher, eGFR (p = 0.044) was lower in ED (+) group. In the backward multivariable regression analysis, COVID-19 disease [OR = 3.611, 95% CI 1.069-12.198, p = 0.039] and BMI [OR = 1.122, 95% CI 1.023-1.231, p = 0.015] were independent predictors of ED. COVID-19 disease may cause ED which is the major underlying factor of cardiovascular diseases. Furthermore, COVID-19 disease may deteriorate the existing cardiovascular disease course. Detecting ED in the early phase or preventing by new treatment modalities may improve short and long-term outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elif Ergül
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, 53020, Rize, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Seyda Yılmaz
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, 53020, Rize, Turkey.
| | | | - Nadir Emlek
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, 53020, Rize, Turkey
| | - Uğur Kostakoğlu
- Department of Infectious Disease, Faculty of Medicine, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Çetin
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, 53020, Rize, Turkey
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43
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Fares A, Toprak R, Borrman D, Ivester J. The use of α1-adrenergic receptor antagonists in the prevention of adverse outcomes of COVID-19 infection in obese patients. ADVANCES IN HUMAN BIOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/aihb.aihb_177_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
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44
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Frasca D, Strbo N. Effects of Obesity on Infections with Emphasis on Skin Infections and Wound Healing. JOURNAL OF DERMATOLOGY AND SKIN SCIENCE 2022; 4:5-10. [PMID: 37621853 PMCID: PMC10448872 DOI: 10.29245/2767-5092/2022/3.1157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Obesity represents a serious health problem as it is rapidly increasing worldwide. Obesity is associated with reduced health span and life span, decreased responses to infections and vaccination and increased frequency of inflammatory conditions. In this review, we summarize published data showing that obesity increases the risk of different types of infections, with a special focus on skin infections. Obesity also induces skin changes and conditions (inflammation-based and hypertrophic) which are often associated with fungi or bacteria overgrowth. The association of obesity with the skin microbiome has been established in both mice and humans. Balance of commensal microbes controls skin homeostasis and the host immune response, while changes in normal physiologic skin microbiome composition and pathologic bacteria contribute to skin diseases. We also summarize the major steps in wound healing and how obesity affects each of them. The role that immune cells have in this process is also described. Although the studies summarized in this review clearly demonstrate the deleterious effects of obesity on wound healing, additional studies are needed to better characterize the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved and identify specific targets of intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Frasca
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL USA
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL USA
| | - Natasa Strbo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL USA
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL USA
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45
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Obesity as a risk factor for the admission of COVID-19 patients into ICU: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Proc Nutr Soc 2022. [DOI: 10.1017/s0029665122000234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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46
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Tokarek J, Gadzinowska J, Młynarska E, Franczyk B, Rysz J. What Is the Role of Gut Microbiota in Obesity Prevalence? A Few Words about Gut Microbiota and Its Association with Obesity and Related Diseases. Microorganisms 2021; 10:microorganisms10010052. [PMID: 35056501 PMCID: PMC8777962 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10010052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is becoming the most dangerous lifestyle disease of our time, and its effects are already being observed in both developed and developing countries. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of gut microbiota on the prevalence of obesity and associated morbidities, taking into consideration underlying molecular mechanisms. In addition to exploring the relationship between obesity and fecal microorganisms with their metabolites, the study also focused on the factors that would be able to stimulate growth and remodeling of microbiota. Assessed articles were carefully classified according to a predetermined criterion and were critically appraised and used as a basis for conclusions. The considered articles and reviews acknowledge that intestinal microbiota forms a multifunctional system that might significantly affect human homeostasis. It has been proved that alterations in the gut microbiota are found in obese and metabolically diseased patients. The imbalance of microbiome composition, such as changes in Bacteroidetes/Firmicutes ratio and presence of different species of genus Lactobacillus, might promote obesity and comorbidities (type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, dyslipidemia, depression, obstructive sleep apnea). However, there are also studies that contradict this theory. Therefore, further well-designed studies are needed to improve the knowledge about the influence of microbiota, its metabolites, and probiotics on obesity.
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47
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Ghanemi A, Yoshioka M, St-Amand J. Diet Impact on Obesity beyond Calories and Trefoil Factor Family 2 (TFF2) as an Illustration: Metabolic Implications and Potential Applications. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1830. [PMID: 34944474 PMCID: PMC8698828 DOI: 10.3390/biom11121830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a health problem with increasing impacts on public health, economy and even social life. In order to reestablish the energy balance, obesity management focuses mainly on two pillars; exercise and diet. Beyond the contribution to the caloric intake, the diet nutrients and composition govern a variety of properties. This includes the energy balance-independent properties and the indirect metabolic effects. Whereas the energy balance-independent properties are close to "pharmacological" effects and include effects such as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory, the indirect metabolic effects represent the contribution a diet can have on energy metabolism beyond the caloric contribution itself, which include the food intake control and metabolic changes. As an illustration, we also described the metabolic implication and hypothetical pathways of the high-fat diet-induced gene Trefoil Factor Family 2. The properties the diet has can have a variety of applications mainly in pharmacology and nutrition and further explore the "pharmacologically" active food towards potential therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelaziz Ghanemi
- Functional Genomics Laboratory, Endocrinology and Nephrology Axis, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada; (A.G.); (M.Y.)
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Mayumi Yoshioka
- Functional Genomics Laboratory, Endocrinology and Nephrology Axis, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada; (A.G.); (M.Y.)
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Jonny St-Amand
- Functional Genomics Laboratory, Endocrinology and Nephrology Axis, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada; (A.G.); (M.Y.)
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
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Srinivasan K, Pandey AK, Livingston A, Venkatesh S. Roles of host mitochondria in the development of COVID-19 pathology: Could mitochondria be a potential therapeutic target? MOLECULAR BIOMEDICINE 2021; 2:38. [PMID: 34841263 PMCID: PMC8608434 DOI: 10.1186/s43556-021-00060-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The recent emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome-Corona Virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in late 2019 and its spread worldwide caused an acute pandemic of Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19). Since then, COVID-19 has been under intense scrutiny as its outbreak led to significant changes in healthcare, social activities, and economic settings worldwide. Although angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE-2) receptor is shown to be the primary port of SARS-CoV-2 entry in cells, the mechanisms behind the establishment and pathologies of COVID-19 are poorly understood. As recent studies have shown that host mitochondria play an essential role in virus-mediated innate immune response, pathologies, and infection, in this review, we will discuss in detail the entry and progression of SARS-CoV-2 and how mitochondria could play roles in COVID-19 disease. We will also review the potential interactions between SARS-CoV-2 and mitochondria and discuss possible treatments, including whether mitochondria as a potential therapeutic target in COVID-19. Understanding SARS-CoV-2 and mitochondrial interactions mediated virus establishment, inflammation, and other consequences may provide a unique mechanism and conceptual advancement in finding a novel treatment for COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavya Srinivasan
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Rutgers -New Jersey Medical School, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ USA
- New York Institute of Technology, Old Westbury, NY USA
| | - Ashutosh Kumar Pandey
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, Rutgers -New Jersey Medical School, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ USA
| | | | - Sundararajan Venkatesh
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Rutgers -New Jersey Medical School, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ USA
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Sharifi Y, Payab M, Mohammadi-Vajari E, Aghili SMM, Sharifi F, Mehrdad N, Kashani E, Shadman Z, Larijani B, Ebrahimpur M. Association between cardiometabolic risk factors and COVID-19 susceptibility, severity and mortality: a review. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2021; 20:1743-1765. [PMID: 34222055 PMCID: PMC8233632 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-021-00822-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The novel coronavirus, which began spreading from China Wuhan and gradually spreaded to most countries, led to the announcement by the World Health Organization on March 11, 2020, as a new pandemic. The most important point presented by the World Health Organization about this disease is to better understand the risk factors that exacerbate the course of the disease and worsen its prognosis. Due to the high majority of cardio metabolic risk factors like obesity, hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia among the population over 60 years old and higher, these cardio metabolic risk factors along with the age of these people could worsen the prognosis of the coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) and its mortality. In this study, we aimed to review the articles from the beginning of the pandemic on the impression of cardio metabolic risk factors on COVID-19 and the effectiveness of COVID-19 on how to manage these diseases. All the factors studied in this article, including hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, and obesity exacerbate the course of Covid-19 disease by different mechanisms, and the inflammatory process caused by coronavirus can also create a vicious cycle in controlling these diseases for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasaman Sharifi
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Yaas Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202 US
| | - Moloud Payab
- Metabolomics and Genomics Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Erfan Mohammadi-Vajari
- Student of Medicine, School of Medicine, Gilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Seyed Morsal Mosallami Aghili
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farshad Sharifi
- Elderly Health Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Neda Mehrdad
- Diabetes Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Nursing Care Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elham Kashani
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Golestan, Iran
| | - Zhaleh Shadman
- Elderly Health Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bagher Larijani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahbube Ebrahimpur
- Elderly Health Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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50
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Li ZJ, Wang LQ, Li YZ, Wang CY, Huang JZ, Yu NZ, Long X. Application of adipose-derived stem cells in treating fibrosis. World J Stem Cells 2021; 13:1747-1761. [PMID: 34909121 PMCID: PMC8641015 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v13.i11.1747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis is the hyperactivation of fibroblasts that results in excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix, which is involved in numerous pathological changes and diseases. Adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) are promising seed cells for regenerative medicine due to their bountiful source, low immunogenicity and lack of ethical issues. Their anti-fibrosis, immunomodulation, angiogenesis and other therapeutic effects have made them suitable for treating fibrosis-related diseases. Here, we review the literature on ASCs treating fibrosis, elaborate and discuss their mechanisms of action, changes in disease environment, ways to enhance therapeutic effects, as well as current preclinical and clinical studies, in order to provide a general picture of ASCs treating fibrotic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhu-Jun Li
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital of Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Li-Quan Wang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital of Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Yun-Zhu Li
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital of Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Chen-Yu Wang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital of Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Jiu-Zuo Huang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital of Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Nan-Ze Yu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital of Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Xiao Long
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital of Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
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