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Said NM, El-Shaer NH. Association of serum trefoil factor 3 and leptin levels with obesity: A case-control study. Cytokine 2024; 181:156690. [PMID: 38996578 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2024.156690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity has a detrimental impact on individuals, communities, and healthcare systems. Trefoil factor 3 is a secretory protein involved in metabolic processes related to weight regulation. However, its relation with obesity is not fully understood. OBJECTIVE We aimed to assess the serum trefoil factor 3 level and to immunohistochemical detect the leptin in obese patients to evaluate their relation to obesity pathogenesis. METHODS As a case-control study, we enrolled 83 non-obese persons as a control group with a BMI (18.5-24.9) and 83 obese persons as a patient group with a BMI > 30. All the study volunteers are subjected to anthropometric measurements, glucose, and lipid profile analysis by colorimetric methods. Serum trefoil factor 3 level was estimated by ELISA and leptin hormone was detected immunohistochemically in the blood using cell block technique. RESULTS ROC curve analysis for TFF3 showed a good relation with obesity with an AUC of 0.891 and a cut-off value of > 96 ng/ml. There was a significant positive correlation between TFF3 and fasting blood sugar, total cholesterol, and triglycerides. The logistic regression analysis showed that TFF3 is a good risk factor for obesity incidence [p = 0.008; OR = 1.117; (95 % CI): 1.029-1.213]. This was confirmed by multiple linear regression that gave an equation for the possibility of predicting BMI using several factors including TFF3 [BMI = 0.821 + 0.051 × TFF3 + 0.044 × FBS + 0.85 × TC]. The more surprising was the ability of the immunohistochemistry cell block technique to detect leptin antigens associated with an obese person blood not only adipose tissue or serum. CONCLUSION Leptin hormone and TFF3 could be good indicators for obesity incidence. Further research with a larger sample size and in different populations could completely approve our results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noha Mohamed Said
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt.
| | - Nahla H El-Shaer
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt.
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Mingrone G, Rajagopalan H. Bariatrics and endoscopic therapies for the treatment of metabolic disease: Past, present, and future. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2024; 211:111651. [PMID: 38580037 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2024.111651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
The burden of chronic metabolic diseases such as obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and the urgency of the epidemiological situation necessitate the development of therapies that enhance metabolic health and alter the trajectory of metabolic disease in society. Certain bariatric-metabolic surgeries have proven to be effective approaches for treating metabolic dysfunction, showing remission or significant improvements in obesity, T2DM, and MASLD-related outcomes, suggesting that these interventions might be able to "reset" a pathologically calibrated metabolic setpoint. However, considering the challenges and invasiveness of surgery, endoscopic bariatric metabolic therapies (EBMTs) have emerged with a primary focus to reconstruct or mimic anatomical and/or functional changes observed with bariatric surgery in a more broadly accessible manner. These innovative approaches offer a potentially promising solution to address significant unmet medical need in the large segment of society, which remains at risk for the consequences of metabolic diseases. In this review, we discuss therapeutic options within the EBMT space in the context of the metabolic setpoint intellectual model and provide a brief overview of current knowledge surrounding their mechanisms of action and impact on metabolic health. Finally, we explore future perspectives and directions in this exciting field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geltrude Mingrone
- Division of Obesity and Metabolic Diseases, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS - Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy; Division of Diabetes & Nutritional Sciences, School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine & Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
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Henderson BJ, Tetteh-Quarshie S, Olszewski NA. Modulators of nicotine reward and reinforcement. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY (SAN DIEGO, CALIF.) 2024; 99:355-386. [PMID: 38467487 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2023.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Nicotine has been well-characterized for its ability to alter neurophysiology to promote rewarding and reinforcing properties. However, several exogenous chemicals possess properties that modulate or enhance nicotine's ability to alter neurophysiology. This chapter focuses on nicotine's impact on behavior through changes in neurophysiology and several chemical entities that in-turn modulate nicotine's ability to act as a neuromodulator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon J Henderson
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine at Marshall University, Huntington, WV, United States.
| | - Samuel Tetteh-Quarshie
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine at Marshall University, Huntington, WV, United States
| | - Nathan A Olszewski
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine at Marshall University, Huntington, WV, United States
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Ruseva A, Michalak W, Zhao Z, Fabricatore A, Hartaigh BÓ, Umashanker D. Semaglutide 2.4 mg clinical outcomes in patients with obesity or overweight in a real-world setting: A 6-month retrospective study in the United States (SCOPE). Obes Sci Pract 2024; 10:e737. [PMID: 38332756 PMCID: PMC10851954 DOI: 10.1002/osp4.737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Management guidelines for obesity suggest maintaining a minimum of 5% body weight reduction to help prevent or lower the risk of developing conditions such as hypertension and type 2 diabetes. However, achieving long-term weight control is difficult with lifestyle modification alone, making it essential to combine pharmacotherapy with diet and exercise in individual cases. Semaglutide 2.4 mg has demonstrated significant reductions in body weight and cardiometabolic risk factors in clinical trials, but information on outcomes in a real-world setting is limited. Objective To assess changes in body weight and other clinical outcomes at 6-month follow-up among adults on semaglutide 2.4 mg in a real-world setting in the United States (US). Methods Observational and retrospective cohort study of patients initiating treatment between 15 June 2021, and 31 March 2022, using a large US claims-linked electronic health record database. Results Mean (±SD) body mass index (BMI) of the 343 patients included in the analysis was 37.9 ± 5.5 kg/m2. After 6 months, mean body weight change was -10.5 ± 6.8 kg (95% CI: -11.2; -9.8, p < 0.001) and mean percentage body weight change was -10.0% ± 6.6% (95% CI: -10.7; -9.3, p < 0.001). Most (79.0%) patients had ≥5% body weight reduction, 48.1% had ≥10% body weight reduction, and 19.0% had ≥15% body weight reduction. Among patients with available data, the mean change in HbA1c (n = 30) was -0.6% ± 1.2% (95% CI: -1.0; -0.1, p = 0.016) and nearly two-thirds of patients with prediabetes or diabetes at baseline reverted to normoglycemia. Mean reductions of -4.4 ± 12.3 mmHg (95% CI: -5.7; -3.0, p < 0.001) and -1.7 ± 8.4 mmHg (95% CI: -2.6; -0.7, p < 0.001) were observed in systolic and diastolic blood pressure, respectively (n = 307). Statistically significant reductions in mean total cholesterol (-12.2 ± 38.8 mg/dl [95% CI: -24.3 to -0.06, p < 0.049]) and triglycerides (-18.3 ± 43.6 mg/dl [95% CI: -4.7; -31.9, p < 0.009]) were also observed (n = 42). Conclusions This study demonstrated the effectiveness of semaglutide 2.4 mg in reducing body weight and improving cardiometabolic parameters in adults with overweight or obesity in a real-world clinical practice setting, showing a significant mean body weight reduction and improvements in biomarkers like blood pressure and HbA1c over a 6-month period. These findings, aligning with previous clinical trials at comparable time points, highlight the clinical relevance of semaglutide as an effective therapeutic option for obesity.
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Widjaja SS, Rusdiana R, Helvi TM, Simanullang RH, Jayalie VF, Amelia R, Arisa J. Finding a Link between Obesity and Senescence: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 53:12-22. [PMID: 38694856 PMCID: PMC11058390 DOI: 10.18502/ijph.v53i1.14679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
Background Cell aging is associated with changes in telomeres due to DNA damage arising from chronic inflammation in obese patients. The aim of the systematic review and meta-analysis was to find the relationship between obesity and aging or senescence. Methods The systematic review was conducted through PRISMA guideline, beginning with literature search within 2012-2022 in several databases (PubMed, EBSCOHost, Science Direct, Scopus, and Cochrane) followed by screening process using predetermined PICO criteria. Original studies on the topic of obesity and senescence (aging), from preclinical studies to clinical research (cohort or cross-sectional studies) that were published within the last ten years. All studies were appraised using SYRCLE risk of bias tool for preclinical studies and Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) for cross-sectional and cohort studies. The data extraction on the studies' characteristic and outcome on aging or senescence were followed by quantitative analysis using MetaXL process on prevalence ratio and hazard ratio of obesity to comorbidities and mortality. Results Fifteen studies were enrolled. Obesity and white adipose tissue cause increased levels of pro-inflammatory and pro-senescence cytokine and macrophage whilst the aging process lowers metabolism with increased insulin resistance and linked to increased risk of obesity. Obesity occurs in 22% (95% CI 18%-26%) of elderly population with higher prevalence rate in the women population. Obesity is associated with significant increased risk of multimorbidity by 56% (OR = 1.58 [95% CI 1.48-1.96]). Conclusion The obesity and aging or senescence has reciprocal relationship between each other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sry Suryani Widjaja
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Sumatera Utara, Indonesia
| | - Rusdiana Rusdiana
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Sumatera Utara, Indonesia
| | - Tengku Mardani Helvi
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Sumatera Utara, Indonesia
| | | | - Vito Filbert Jayalie
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Murni Teguh Memorial Hospital, Medan, Sumatera Utara, Indonesia
| | - Rina Amelia
- Department of Community Health, Medical Faculty, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Sumatera Utara, Indonesia
| | - Jessie Arisa
- Department of Wellness, Murni Teguh Memorial Hospital, Medan, Sumatera Utara, Indonesia
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Gavela-Pérez T, Parra-Rodríguez A, Vales-Villamarín C, Pérez-Segura P, Mejorado-Molano FJ, Garcés C, Soriano-Guillén L. Relationship between eating habits, sleep patterns and physical activity and the degree of obesity in children and adolescents. ENDOCRINOL DIAB NUTR 2023; 70 Suppl 3:10-17. [PMID: 37596175 DOI: 10.1016/j.endien.2023.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Childhood obesity is an extremely prevalent pathology and, in order to be able to address it, it is necessary to understand the factors that influence on its genesis and maintenance. We hypothesise that the timing of meals and sleep, the regularity of these throughout the week and a sedentary lifestyle influence the degree of obesity. MATERIAL AND METHODS We included children and adolescents with obesity who attended a first check-up visit at the Childhood Obesity Unit between January 2018 and February 2020. The data were obtained from a questionnaire on food (36-h intake, frequency of consumption, eating times and habits) and sleep. RESULTS The degree of obesity was influenced to a greater extent by later meal times and the distribution of calories throughout the day (less at breakfast, more at dinner) than by the total number of calories ingested. In addition, a lower consumption of vegetables was related to a higher degree of obesity. The difference between the hours of sleep at weekends and on weekdays correlated positively with a higher degree of obesity. Finally, the anthropometric data correlated negatively with the number of hours of physical activity. Almost half of the children did not exercise after school. CONCLUSION In the approach to childhood obesity, it is necessary to include recommendations on the regularity of meal and sleep times, as well as the distribution of calories throughout the day. Additionally, it is necessary to encourage the practice of physical exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Gavela-Pérez
- Unidad de Endocrinología Infantil, Servicio de Pediatría, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Alejandro Parra-Rodríguez
- Unidad de Endocrinología Infantil, Servicio de Pediatría, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Claudia Vales-Villamarín
- Laboratorio de Lípidos, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Pérez-Segura
- Unidad de Endocrinología Infantil, Servicio de Pediatría, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Javier Mejorado-Molano
- Unidad de Endocrinología Infantil, Servicio de Pediatría, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Garcés
- Laboratorio de Lípidos, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Leandro Soriano-Guillén
- Unidad de Endocrinología Infantil, Servicio de Pediatría, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Phillips E, Traina A, Smolarz BG. A Survey of Obesity Education and Training in United States Pharmacy Schools. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL EDUCATION 2023; 87:100109. [PMID: 37597919 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpe.2023.100109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess how obesity is addressed in Doctor of Pharmacy (PharmD) schools and colleges, identify the extent to which core obesity competencies are covered in the curricula, and identify opportunities for expanding obesity management training. METHODS An online survey was conducted with PharmD program leaders in the United States. Respondents answered questions regarding obesity education in their pharmacy school curricula. Data were analyzed in aggregate, using descriptive statistics. RESULTS We collected responses from 75 of 150 (50%) PharmD programs. One-third (32%) of respondents thought their graduating students were very prepared to discuss obesity pharmacotherapy (anti-obesity medication) options with patients. A total of 45% reported obesity pharmacological treatment was covered to a great extent. Few respondents (19%) were very familiar with anti-obesity medications; 21% thought their students were similarly familiar. No programs covered weight stigma and discrimination to a great extent. Most respondents (88%) believed obesity education was fairly/very important to include in PharmD curricula, and 96% thought it was similarly appropriate to include. But 72% indicated that expanding obesity education was not a priority/low priority. Lack of room in the curricula was cited as the greatest barrier, with 60% of PharmD programs reporting this to be a large barrier. CONCLUSION Pharmacists, as medication experts, are key members of the care team. However, obesity management/pharmacotherapy is not emphasized in most pharmacy schools. Therefore, pharmacists are not well-prepared to provide counseling on medications for obesity. Leveraging guidance on core obesity competencies and available resources could help expand obesity education in pharmacy schools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Phillips
- St. John Fisher University, Wegmans School of Pharmacy, Rochester, NY, USA
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Shehat MG, Miller MH, Calder AN, Gilbertson TA, Tigno-Aranjuez JT. Dietary fat differentially modulates the response of bone marrow-derived macrophages to TLR4 and NOD2 agonists. Innate Immun 2023; 29:122-131. [PMID: 37545346 PMCID: PMC10468623 DOI: 10.1177/17534259231193926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Consumption of diets high in fat has been linked to the development of obesity and related metabolic complications. Such associations originate from the enhanced, chronic, low-grade inflammation mediated by macrophages in response to translocated bacteria, bacterial products, or dietary constituents such as fatty acids (FAs). Nucleotide-binding Oligomerization Domain 2 (NOD2) senses muramyl dipeptide (MDP), a component of bacterial peptidoglycan. The inability to sense peptidoglycan through NOD2 has been demonstrated to lead to dysbiosis, increased bacterial translocation, inflammation and metabolic dysfunction. Currently, it is unknown how consumption of HFDs with different FA compositions might influence NOD2-dependent responses. In this study, we subjected WT mice to a control diet or to HFDs comprised of various ratios of unsaturated to saturated fats and determined the macrophage response to TLR4 and NOD2 agonists. A HFD with equal ratios of saturated and unsaturated fats enhanced subsequent responsiveness of macrophages to LPS but not to MDP. However, a high-unsaturated fat diet (HUFD) or a high-saturated fat diet (HSFD) both decreased the responsiveness to NOD2 agonists compared to that observed in control diet (CD) fed mice. These data suggest that dietary fatty acid composition can influence the subsequent macrophage responsiveness to bacterial products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael G. Shehat
- Immunity and Pathogenesis Division, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Madelyn H. Miller
- Immunity and Pathogenesis Division, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Ashley N. Calder
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | | | - Justine T. Tigno-Aranjuez
- Immunity and Pathogenesis Division, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
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Kim J, Han D, Lee MS, Lee J, Kim IH, Kim Y. Green Tea and Java Pepper Mixture Prevents Obesity by Increasing Energy Expenditure and Modulating Hepatic AMPK/MicroRNA-34a/370 Pathway in High-Fat Diet-Fed Rats. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12051053. [PMID: 37237919 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12051053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was performed to evaluate the anti-obesity effects of green tea and java pepper mixture (GJ) on energy expenditure and understand the regulatory mechanisms of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), microRNA (miR)-34a, and miR-370 pathways in the liver. Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups depending on the following diets given for 14 weeks: normal chow diet (NR), 45% high-fat diet (HF), HF + 0.1% GJ (GJL), and HF + 0.2% GJ (GJH). The results revealed that GJ supplementation reduced body weight and hepatic fat accumulation, improved serum lipids, and increased energy expenditure. In the GJ-supplemented groups, the mRNA levels of genes related to fatty acid syntheses, such as a cluster of differentiation 36 (CD36), sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c), fatty acid synthase (FAS), and stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1) were downregulated, and mRNA levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα), carnitine/palmitoyl-transferase 1 (CPT1), and uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2), which participate in fatty acid oxidation, were upregulated in the liver. GJ increased the AMPK activity and decreased the miR-34a and miR-370 expression. Therefore, GJ prevented obesity by increasing energy expenditure and regulating hepatic fatty acid synthesis and oxidation, suggesting that GJ is partially regulated through AMPK, miR-34a, and miR-370 pathways in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jibin Kim
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Dahye Han
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Mak-Soon Lee
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Jumi Lee
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
- Graduate Program in System Health Science and Engineering, Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Hwan Kim
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Science, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Yangha Kim
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
- Graduate Program in System Health Science and Engineering, Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
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Vourdoumpa A, Paltoglou G, Charmandari E. The Genetic Basis of Childhood Obesity: A Systematic Review. Nutrients 2023; 15:1416. [PMID: 36986146 PMCID: PMC10058966 DOI: 10.3390/nu15061416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Overweight and obesity in childhood and adolescence represents one of the most challenging public health problems of our century owing to its epidemic proportions and the associated significant morbidity, mortality, and increase in public health costs. The pathogenesis of polygenic obesity is multifactorial and is due to the interaction among genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors. More than 1100 independent genetic loci associated with obesity traits have been currently identified, and there is great interest in the decoding of their biological functions and the gene-environment interaction. The present study aimed to systematically review the scientific evidence and to explore the relation of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and copy number variants (CNVs) with changes in body mass index (BMI) and other measures of body composition in children and adolescents with obesity, as well as their response to lifestyle interventions. Twenty-seven studies were included in the qualitative synthesis, which consisted of 7928 overweight/obese children and adolescents at different stages of pubertal development who underwent multidisciplinary management. The effect of polymorphisms in 92 different genes was assessed and revealed SNPs in 24 genetic loci significantly associated with BMI and/or body composition change, which contribute to the complex metabolic imbalance of obesity, including the regulation of appetite and energy balance, the homeostasis of glucose, lipid, and adipose tissue, as well as their interactions. The decoding of the genetic and molecular/cellular pathophysiology of obesity and the gene-environment interactions, alongside with the individual genotype, will enable us to design targeted and personalized preventive and management interventions for obesity early in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aikaterini Vourdoumpa
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, First Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, ‘Aghia Sophia’ Children’s Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - George Paltoglou
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, First Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, ‘Aghia Sophia’ Children’s Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Evangelia Charmandari
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, First Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, ‘Aghia Sophia’ Children’s Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Center for Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
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Kim N, Estrada J, Chow I, Ruseva A, Ramasamy A, Burudpakdee C, Blanchette CM. The Relative Value of Anti-Obesity Medications Compared to Similar Therapies. Clinicoecon Outcomes Res 2023; 15:51-62. [PMID: 36726966 PMCID: PMC9886521 DOI: 10.2147/ceor.s392276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Purpose To demonstrate a need for improved health insurance coverage for anti-obesity medications (AOMs) by comparing clinical and economic benefits of obesity treatments to covered medications for selected therapeutic areas. Methods Using a grey literature search, we identified and prioritized therapeutic areas and treatment analogues for comparison to obesity. A targeted literature review identified clinical and economic outcomes research across the therapeutic area analogues. Associated comorbidities, clinical evidence, indirect costs (ie, absenteeism and productivity loss), and direct medical costs were evaluated to determine the relative value of treating obesity. Results Four therapeutic areas/treatment analogues were selected for comparison to obesity: smoking cessation (varenicline), daytime sleepiness (modafinil), migraines (erenumab), and fibromyalgia (pregabalin). Obesity was associated with 17 comorbidities, more than migraine (9), smoking (8), daytime sleepiness (5), and fibromyalgia (2). Economic burden was greatest for obesity, followed by smoking, with yearly indirect and direct medical costs totaling $676 and $345 billion, respectively. AOMs resulted in cost savings of $2586 in direct medical costs per patient per year (PPPY), greater than that for varenicline at $930 PPPY, modafinil at $1045 PPPY, and erenumab at $468 PPPY; pregabalin utilization increased costs by $924 PPPY. AOMs were covered by 10-16% of United States health insurance plans, compared to 45-59% for the four comparators. Conclusion Compared to four therapeutic analogues, obesity represented the highest economic burden and was associated with more comorbidities. AOMs provide greater cost savings compared to selected analogues. However, AOMs have limited formulary coverage. Improved coverage of AOMs may increase access to these treatments and may help address the clinical and economic burden associated with obesity and its comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Kim
- Novo Nordisk, Inc, Plainsboro, NJ, USA
| | | | | | - Aleksandrina Ruseva
- Novo Nordisk, Inc, Plainsboro, NJ, USA,Correspondence: Aleksandrina Ruseva, Novo Nordisk, Inc, 800 Scudders Mill Road, Plainsboro, NJ, 08536, USA, Tel +1 609-598-8146, Email
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Ghanemi A, Yoshioka M, St-Amand J. DNA Damage as a Mechanistic Link between Air Pollution and Obesity? MEDICINES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 10:medicines10010004. [PMID: 36662488 PMCID: PMC9863819 DOI: 10.3390/medicines10010004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
It has been shown that the risk of developing obesity, a serious modern health problem, increases with air pollution. However, the molecular links are yet to be fully elucidated. Herein, we propose a hypothesis via which air pollution-induced DNA damage would be the mechanistic link between air pollution and the enhanced risk of obesity and overweight. Indeed, whereas air pollution leads to DNA damage, DNA damage results in inflammation, oxidative stress and metabolic impairments that could be behind energy balance changes contributing to obesity. Such thoughts, worth exploring, seems an important starting point to better understand the impact of air pollution on obesity development independently from the two main energy balance pillars that are diet and physical activity. This could possibly lead to new applications both for therapies as well as for policies and regulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelaziz Ghanemi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Functional Genomics Laboratory, Endocrinology and Nephrology Axis, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Mayumi Yoshioka
- Functional Genomics Laboratory, Endocrinology and Nephrology Axis, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Jonny St-Amand
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Functional Genomics Laboratory, Endocrinology and Nephrology Axis, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
- Correspondence:
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In Vitro Mimicking of Obesity-Induced Biochemical Environment to Study Obesity Impacts on Cells and Tissues. Diseases 2022; 10:diseases10040076. [PMID: 36278576 PMCID: PMC9590073 DOI: 10.3390/diseases10040076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity represents a heavy burden for modern healthcare. The main challenge facing obesity research progress is the unknown underlying pathways, which limits our understanding of the pathogenesis and developing therapies. Obesity induces specific biochemical environments that impact the different cells and tissues. In this piece of writing, we suggest mimicking obesity-induced in vivo biochemical environments including pH, lipids, hormones, cytokines, and glucose within an in vitro environment. The concept is to reproduce such biochemical environments and use them to treat the tissue cultures, explant cultures, and cell cultures of different biological organs. This will allow us to clarify how the obesity-induced biochemistry impacts such biological entities. It would also be important to try different environments, in terms of the compositions and concentrations of the constitutive elements, in order to establish links between the effects (impaired regeneration, cellular inflammation, etc.) and the factors constituting the environment (hormones, cytokines, etc.) as well as to reveal dose-dependent effects. We believe that such approaches will allow us to elucidate obesity mechanisms, optimize animal models, and develop therapies as well as novel tissue engineering applications.
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López-Galisteo JP, Gavela-Pérez T, Mejorado-Molano FJ, Pérez-Segura P, Aragón-Gómez I, Garcés C, Soriano-Guillén L. Prevalencia y factores de riesgo asociados a distintas comorbilidades en niños y adolescentes obesos. ENDOCRINOL DIAB NUTR 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.endinu.2021.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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López-Galisteo JP, Gavela-Pérez T, Mejorado-Molano FJ, Pérez-Segura P, Aragón-Gómez I, Garcés C, Soriano-Guillén L. Prevalence and risk factors associated with different comorbidities in obese children and adolescents. ENDOCRINOL DIAB NUTR 2022; 69:566-575. [PMID: 36347797 DOI: 10.1016/j.endien.2021.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Different obesity-related comorbidities already present in childhood, such as: vitamin D deficiency, impaired carbohydrate metabolism, dyslipidaemia, arterial hypertension and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. In this study, we aim to analyse the prevalence of comorbidities and to determine the predictive factors that affect these comorbidities. MATERIAL AND METHODS Anthropometric, demographic and biochemical variables were collected from obese patients between six and 18 years of age. Subsequently, a statistical analysis was performed to describe the characteristics of the patients and the prevalence of comorbidities, as well as their predictive factors. RESULTS A total of 158 obese children (76 boys and 82 girls) with a mean age at diagnosis of 12.48 years and a BMI Z-score of +3.24 SDS were included. The most prevalent comorbidities were vitamin D deficiency (64.2%), insulin resistance (45.1%), dyslipidaemia (32.2%), hyperuricaemia (18.5%) and arterial hypertension (15%). Age, BMI Z-score, percentage of fat mass and male sex have been found to be predictors of these comorbidities. CONCLUSION Obese children and adolescents have a high prevalence of comorbidities. Once the diagnosis of obesity has been established, it would be very useful to identify early those patients with a higher risk of comorbidities, knowing their relationship with sex, age, BMI Z-score, percentage of fat mass and pubertal stage.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Teresa Gavela-Pérez
- Unidad de Endocrinología Infantil, Servicio de Pediatría, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Javier Mejorado-Molano
- Unidad de Endocrinología Infantil, Servicio de Pediatría, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Pérez-Segura
- Unidad de Endocrinología Infantil, Servicio de Pediatría, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Aragón-Gómez
- Unidad de Endocrinología Infantil, Servicio de Pediatría, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Garcés
- Laboratorio de Lípidos, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Leandro Soriano-Guillén
- Unidad de Endocrinología Infantil, Servicio de Pediatría, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain.
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16
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Relación de los hábitos alimentarios, los patrones de sueño y el grado de actividad física con el grado de obesidad en niños y adolescentes. ENDOCRINOL DIAB NUTR 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.endinu.2022.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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17
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Kim D, Justice AE, Chittoor G, Blanco E, Burrows R, Graff M, Howard AG, Wang Y, Rohde R, Buchanan VL, Voruganti VS, Almeida M, Peralta J, Lehman DM, Curran JE, Comuzzie AG, Duggirala R, Blangero J, Albala C, Santos JL, Angel B, Lozoff B, Gahagan S, North KE. Genetic determinants of metabolic biomarkers and their associations with cardiometabolic traits in Hispanic/Latino adolescents. Pediatr Res 2022; 92:563-571. [PMID: 34645953 PMCID: PMC9005573 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-021-01729-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic regulation plays a significant role in energy homeostasis, and adolescence is a crucial life stage for the development of cardiometabolic disease (CMD). This study aims to investigate the genetic determinants of metabolic biomarkers-adiponectin, leptin, ghrelin, and orexin-and their associations with CMD risk factors. METHODS We characterized the genetic determinants of the biomarkers among Hispanic/Latino adolescents of the Santiago Longitudinal Study (SLS) and identified the cumulative effects of genetic variants on adiponectin and leptin using biomarker polygenic risk scores (PRS). We further investigated the direct and indirect effect of the biomarker PRS on downstream body fat percent (BF%) and glycemic traits using structural equation modeling. RESULTS We identified putatively novel genetic variants associated with the metabolic biomarkers. A substantial amount of biomarker variance was explained by SLS-specific PRS, and the prediction was improved by including the putatively novel loci. Fasting blood insulin and insulin resistance were associated with PRS for adiponectin, leptin, and ghrelin, and BF% was associated with PRS for adiponectin and leptin. We found evidence of substantial mediation of these associations by the biomarker levels. CONCLUSIONS The genetic underpinnings of metabolic biomarkers can affect the early development of CMD, partly mediated by the biomarkers. IMPACT This study characterized the genetic underpinnings of four metabolic hormones and investigated their potential influence on adiposity and insulin biology among Hispanic/Latino adolescents. Fasting blood insulin and insulin resistance were associated with polygenic risk score (PRS) for adiponectin, leptin, and ghrelin, with evidence of some degree of mediation by the biomarker levels. Body fat percent (BF%) was also associated with PRS for adiponectin and leptin. This provides important insight on biological mechanisms underlying early metabolic dysfunction and reveals candidates for prevention efforts. Our findings also highlight the importance of ancestrally diverse populations to facilitate valid studies of the genetic architecture of metabolic biomarker levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daeeun Kim
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Anne E. Justice
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Geisinger, Danville, PA
| | - Geetha Chittoor
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Geisinger, Danville, PA
| | - Estela Blanco
- Division of Academic General Pediatrics, Child Development and Community Health at the Center for Community Health, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, CA,Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Raquel Burrows
- Department of Public Health Nutrition, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA), University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mariaelisa Graff
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Annie Green Howard
- Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Yujie Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Rebecca Rohde
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Victoria L. Buchanan
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - V. Saroja Voruganti
- Department of Nutrition and Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kannapolis NC
| | - Marcio Almeida
- Department of Human Genetics and South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX
| | - Juan Peralta
- Department of Human Genetics and South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX
| | - Donna M. Lehman
- Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX
| | - Joanne E. Curran
- Department of Human Genetics and South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX
| | | | - Ravindranath Duggirala
- Department of Human Genetics and South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX
| | - John Blangero
- Department of Human Genetics and South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX
| | - Cecilia Albala
- Department of Public Health Nutrition, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA), University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - José L. Santos
- Department of Nutrition, Diabetes and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Bárbara Angel
- Department of Public Health Nutrition, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA), University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Betsy Lozoff
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Sheila Gahagan
- Division of Academic General Pediatrics, Child Development and Community Health at the Center for Community Health, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, CA
| | - Kari E. North
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
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Hong HJ, Joung KH, Kim YK, Choi MJ, Kang SG, Kim JT, Kang YE, Chang JY, Moon JH, Jun S, Ro HJ, Lee Y, Kim H, Park JH, Kang BE, Jo Y, Choi H, Ryu D, Lee CH, Kim H, Park KS, Kim HJ, Shong M. Mitoribosome insufficiency in β cells is associated with type 2 diabetes-like islet failure. EXPERIMENTAL & MOLECULAR MEDICINE 2022; 54:932-945. [PMID: 35804190 PMCID: PMC9355985 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-022-00797-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Genetic variations in mitoribosomal subunits and mitochondrial transcription factors are related to type 2 diabetes. However, the role of islet mitoribosomes in the development of type 2 diabetes has not been determined. We investigated the effects of the mitoribosomal gene on β-cell function and glucose homeostasis. Mitoribosomal gene expression was analyzed in datasets from the NCBI GEO website (GSE25724, GSE76894, and GSE76895) and the European Nucleotide Archive (ERP017126), which contain the transcriptomes of type 2 diabetic and nondiabetic organ donors. We found deregulation of most mitoribosomal genes in islets from individuals with type 2 diabetes, including partial downregulation of CRIF1. The phenotypes of haploinsufficiency in a single mitoribosomal gene were examined using β-cell-specific Crif1 (Mrpl59) heterozygous-deficient mice. Crif1beta+/− mice had normal glucose tolerance, but their islets showed a loss of first-phase glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. They also showed increased β-cell mass associated with higher expression of Reg family genes. However, Crif1beta+/− mice showed earlier islet failure in response to high-fat feeding, which was exacerbated by aging. Haploinsufficiency of a single mitoribosomal gene predisposes rodents to glucose intolerance, which resembles the early stages of type 2 diabetes in humans. Disruptions in the mitochondrial protein synthesis machinery give rise to metabolic disturbances that lay the foundation for type 2 diabetes. As physiological glucose levels rise, the energy-generating machinery of the mitochondria responds with increased activity, which stimulates insulin secretion. Many proteins responsible for mitochondrial metabolism are produced by ribosomes within this cellular organelle. Researchers led by Hyun Jin Kim and Minho Shong at Chungnam National University, Daejon, South Korea, have determined that mutations affecting a mitochondrial ribosomal protein called CRIF1 can lead to impaired insulin release. Mice with reduced CRIF1 were initially healthy, but as they aged, exhibited signs of impaired pancreatic function similar to those seen in patients with early-stage diabetes. This process was accelerated by consumption of a high-fat diet, and the researchers propose that this mechanism may be directly relevant to human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Jung Hong
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, Korea.,Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, Korea
| | - Kyong Hye Joung
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, Korea
| | - Yong Kyung Kim
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, Korea
| | - Min Jeong Choi
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, Korea
| | - Seul Gi Kang
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, Korea
| | - Jung Tae Kim
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, Korea.,Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, Korea
| | - Yea Eun Kang
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, Korea
| | - Joon Young Chang
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, Korea.,Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, Korea
| | - Joon Ho Moon
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, Korea
| | - Sangmi Jun
- Center for Research Equipment, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju, 28119, Korea.,Convergent Research Center for Emerging Virus Infection, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, 34114, Korea
| | - Hyun-Joo Ro
- Center for Research Equipment, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju, 28119, Korea.,Convergent Research Center for Emerging Virus Infection, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, 34114, Korea
| | - Yujeong Lee
- Center for Research Equipment, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju, 28119, Korea.,Convergent Research Center for Emerging Virus Infection, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, 34114, Korea
| | - Hyeongseok Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, Korea
| | - Jae-Hyung Park
- Department of Physiology, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, 704-200, Korea
| | - Baeki E Kang
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, 16419, Korea
| | - Yunju Jo
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, 16419, Korea
| | - Heejung Choi
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, 16419, Korea
| | - Dongryeol Ryu
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, 16419, Korea.,Biomedical Institute for Convergence at SKKU (BICS), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Korea.,Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, 06351, Korea
| | - Chul-Ho Lee
- Animal Model Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, 34141, Korea
| | - Hail Kim
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, Korea
| | - Kyu-Sang Park
- Department of Physiology, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, 26426, Korea
| | - Hyun Jin Kim
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, Korea. .,Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, Korea.
| | - Minho Shong
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, Korea. .,Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, Korea. .,Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, Korea.
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Microbiome–Gut Dissociation in the Neonate: Obesity and Coeliac Disease as Examples of Microbiome Function Deficiency Disorder. GASTROINTESTINAL DISORDERS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/gidisord4030012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this article is to provide a direction for translational research based on an analysis of the nature of complex, immune-related conditions such as obesity and coeliac disease. In essence, it seems that the prevalence of these non-communicable diseases is related to the degradation of the microbiome during the industrialisation of society, and that their nature can be used to infer the functions of the “pre-industrial” microbiome. Based on this analysis, the key point is the necessity for the fully functioning microbiome, acting alongside the parental genetic inheritance of the child, to be in place immediately after birth. In our view, this is achieved by the seemingly accidental process of maternal microbial inheritance during normal birth. Note, however, that this is not possible if the microbiome of the mother is itself degraded following previous problems. Under these conditions the health of a child may be affected from the moment of birth, although, with the exception of atopic diseases, such as eczema and food allergy, the consequences may not become apparent until late childhood or as an adult. In this way, this microbiome function deficiency hypothesis incorporates the epidemiological observations of David Strachan and David Barker in that their onset can be traced to early childhood. Coeliac disease has been chosen as an illustrative example of a multifactorial disorder due to the fact that, in addition to a series of immune system manifestations and a potential problem with food absorption, there is also a significant psychological component. Finally, it is worth noting that an ingestible sensor calibrated to the detection of interkingdom communication molecules (semiochemicals) within the intestine may offer a practical way of assessment and, perhaps, amelioration of at least some of the consequences of non-communicable disease.
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Milanova IV, Korpel NL, Correa-da-Silva F, Berends E, Osman S, la Fleur SE, Fliers E, Kalsbeek A, Yi CX. Loss of Microglial Insulin Receptor Leads to Sex-Dependent Metabolic Disorders in Obese Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23062933. [PMID: 35328354 PMCID: PMC8954452 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23062933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are highly prevalent disorders, associated with insulin resistance and chronic inflammation. The brain is key for energy homeostasis and contains many insulin receptors. Microglia, the resident brain immune cells, are known to express insulin receptors (InsR) and to be activated by a hypercaloric environment. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether microglial insulin signaling is involved in the control of systemic energy homeostasis and whether this function is sex-dependent. We generated a microglia-specific knockout of the InsR gene in male and female mice and exposed them to control or obesogenic dietary conditions. Following 10 weeks of diet exposure, we evaluated insulin tolerance, energy metabolism, microglial morphology and phagocytic function, and neuronal populations. Lack of microglial InsR resulted in increased plasma insulin levels and insulin resistance in obese female mice. In the brain, loss of microglial InsR led to a decrease in microglial primary projections in both male and female mice, irrespective of the diet. In addition, in obese male mice lacking microglial InsR the number of proopiomelanocortin neurons was decreased, compared to control diet, while no differences were observed in female mice. Our results demonstrate a sex-dependent effect of microglial InsR-signaling in physiology and obesity, and stress the importance of a heterogeneous approach in the study of diseases such as obesity and T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina V. Milanova
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (I.V.M.); (N.L.K.); (F.C.-d.-S.); (E.B.); (S.O.); (S.E.l.F.); (E.F.); (A.K.)
- Laboratory of Endocrinology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism (AGEM), 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nikita L. Korpel
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (I.V.M.); (N.L.K.); (F.C.-d.-S.); (E.B.); (S.O.); (S.E.l.F.); (E.F.); (A.K.)
- Laboratory of Endocrinology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism (AGEM), 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Felipe Correa-da-Silva
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (I.V.M.); (N.L.K.); (F.C.-d.-S.); (E.B.); (S.O.); (S.E.l.F.); (E.F.); (A.K.)
- Laboratory of Endocrinology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism (AGEM), 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eline Berends
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (I.V.M.); (N.L.K.); (F.C.-d.-S.); (E.B.); (S.O.); (S.E.l.F.); (E.F.); (A.K.)
- Laboratory of Endocrinology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism (AGEM), 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Samar Osman
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (I.V.M.); (N.L.K.); (F.C.-d.-S.); (E.B.); (S.O.); (S.E.l.F.); (E.F.); (A.K.)
- Laboratory of Endocrinology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism (AGEM), 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Susanne E. la Fleur
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (I.V.M.); (N.L.K.); (F.C.-d.-S.); (E.B.); (S.O.); (S.E.l.F.); (E.F.); (A.K.)
- Laboratory of Endocrinology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism (AGEM), 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, 1105 BA Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eric Fliers
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (I.V.M.); (N.L.K.); (F.C.-d.-S.); (E.B.); (S.O.); (S.E.l.F.); (E.F.); (A.K.)
| | - Andries Kalsbeek
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (I.V.M.); (N.L.K.); (F.C.-d.-S.); (E.B.); (S.O.); (S.E.l.F.); (E.F.); (A.K.)
- Laboratory of Endocrinology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism (AGEM), 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, 1105 BA Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Chun-Xia Yi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (I.V.M.); (N.L.K.); (F.C.-d.-S.); (E.B.); (S.O.); (S.E.l.F.); (E.F.); (A.K.)
- Laboratory of Endocrinology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism (AGEM), 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Correspondence:
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21
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Ghanemi A, Yoshioka M, St-Amand J. Exercise, Diet and Sleeping as Regenerative Medicine Adjuvants: Obesity and Ageing as Illustrations. MEDICINES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 9:medicines9010007. [PMID: 35049940 PMCID: PMC8778846 DOI: 10.3390/medicines9010007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Regenerative medicine uses the biological and medical knowledge on how the cells and tissue regenerate and evolve in order to develop novel therapies. Health conditions such as ageing, obesity and cancer lead to an impaired regeneration ability. Exercise, diet choices and sleeping pattern have significant impacts on regeneration biology via diverse pathways including reducing the inflammatory and oxidative components. Thus, exercise, diet and sleeping management can be optimized towards therapeutic applications in regenerative medicine. It could allow to prevent degeneration, optimize the biological regeneration and also provide adjuvants for regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelaziz Ghanemi
- Functional Genomics Laboratory, Endocrinology and Nephrology Axis, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada; (A.G.); (M.Y.)
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Mayumi Yoshioka
- Functional Genomics Laboratory, Endocrinology and Nephrology Axis, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada; (A.G.); (M.Y.)
| | - Jonny St-Amand
- Functional Genomics Laboratory, Endocrinology and Nephrology Axis, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada; (A.G.); (M.Y.)
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-418-654-2296
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Vázquez-Velázquez V, García García E. Feasibility and Effectiveness of a Comprehensive Care Program for People Living with Obesity: A Real-World Experience in a Public Hospital in Mexico. Obes Facts 2022; 15:774-786. [PMID: 36122569 PMCID: PMC9801369 DOI: 10.1159/000527024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Existing evidence indicates that the best treatment model for obesity leading to successful weight loss consists of a so-called comprehensive lifestyle intervention program, but the offer, implementation, and coverage of these kinds of programs for the diagnosis, management, and follow-up of people living with obesity are limited. So, the aim of this study was an evaluation of the feasibility and effectiveness of a comprehensive care program for obesity in a public tertiary hospital in Mexico. METHODS An observational, longitudinal, and retrospective study evaluated a six-month long medium-intensity comprehensive care program (seven visits focused on medical, nutritional, psychological, and psychiatric diagnosis and treatment). A total of 1,017 people living with obesity were recruited for the program. Logistic regression models were used to predict the factors associated with attendance and weight loss. RESULTS Of the 1,017 participants, 661 completed the program (65% retention rate) and attended 4.9 ± 1.9 visits each, with 40.1% losing ≥5% of their starting weight (X = 4.3 ± 4.4%). From visit 1 to visit 7, the participants that completed the program had weight decreases of Δ = -4.8 kg and body mass index (BMI) -2.3 kg/m2; p < 0.01. Each additional visit increased the likelihood of a 5% weight loss [OR 1.90, 95% CI: 1.51-2.38, p < 0.001] and 10% [OR 2.45, 95% CI: 1.49-4.02, p < 0.001], becoming statistically significant after attending more than four visits. Each additional year of age increased the likelihood of losing ≥5% body weight [OR 1.01, 95% CI: 1.00-1.03, p < 0.05] and increased the likelihood of completing the program [OR 1.02, 95% CI: 1.00-1.03, p < 0.01] after controlling for sex, weight, BMI, and psychiatric and weight loss medications. DISCUSSION/CONCLUSION This study demonstrates the feasibility and effectiveness of a six-month comprehensive program for obesity in a public hospital in Mexico.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica Vázquez-Velázquez
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Obesity and Eating Disorders Clinic, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán (INCMNSZ), Mexico City, Mexico
- *Verónica Vázquez-Velázquez,
| | - Eduardo García García
- Unidad de Investigación de Enfermedades Metabólicas, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán (INCMNSZ), Mexico City, Mexico
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Rodrigues DB, Marques MC, Hacke A, Loubet Filho PS, Cazarin CBB, Mariutti LRB. Trust your gut: Bioavailability and bioaccessibility of dietary compounds. Curr Res Food Sci 2022; 5:228-233. [PMID: 35106487 PMCID: PMC8787780 DOI: 10.1016/j.crfs.2022.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
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Ghanemi A, Yoshioka M, St-Amand J. Diet Impact on Obesity beyond Calories and Trefoil Factor Family 2 (TFF2) as an Illustration: Metabolic Implications and Potential Applications. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1830. [PMID: 34944474 PMCID: PMC8698828 DOI: 10.3390/biom11121830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a health problem with increasing impacts on public health, economy and even social life. In order to reestablish the energy balance, obesity management focuses mainly on two pillars; exercise and diet. Beyond the contribution to the caloric intake, the diet nutrients and composition govern a variety of properties. This includes the energy balance-independent properties and the indirect metabolic effects. Whereas the energy balance-independent properties are close to "pharmacological" effects and include effects such as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory, the indirect metabolic effects represent the contribution a diet can have on energy metabolism beyond the caloric contribution itself, which include the food intake control and metabolic changes. As an illustration, we also described the metabolic implication and hypothetical pathways of the high-fat diet-induced gene Trefoil Factor Family 2. The properties the diet has can have a variety of applications mainly in pharmacology and nutrition and further explore the "pharmacologically" active food towards potential therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelaziz Ghanemi
- Functional Genomics Laboratory, Endocrinology and Nephrology Axis, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada; (A.G.); (M.Y.)
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Mayumi Yoshioka
- Functional Genomics Laboratory, Endocrinology and Nephrology Axis, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada; (A.G.); (M.Y.)
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Jonny St-Amand
- Functional Genomics Laboratory, Endocrinology and Nephrology Axis, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada; (A.G.); (M.Y.)
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
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25
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Integrated network pharmacology and cellular assay for the investigation of an anti-obesity effect of 6-shogaol. Food Chem 2021; 374:131755. [PMID: 34883426 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.131755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This study explored the anti-obesity effect of 6-shogaol and the underlying mechanisms by using Network pharmacology for the prediction and verification of molecular targets and pathways of 6-shogaol against obesity. Furthermore, the results were verified by molecular docking and cell experiments. A total of 86 core targets of 6-shogaol towards obesity were identified. Among them, AKT1 and PIK3CA were confirmed by using the molecular docking. In 3T3-L1 preadipocyte model, 6-shogaol significantly inhibited proliferation and differentiation, reducing the accumulation of lipid droplets. Compared with the control group, the inhibition rates of 6-shogaol on TG and TC were 90.8% and 40.0%, respectively. Additionally, 6-shogaol down-regulated the expression of PPAR-γ and C/EBP-α, while it decreased the phosphorylation of IRS-1, PI3K and AKT. This study, for the first time, confirmed the effect of 6-shogaol on improving obesity through PI3K/AKT pathway. An anti-obesity bioactivity study was further recommended for the development of novel anti-obesity products.
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Ageing and Obesity Shared Patterns: From Molecular Pathogenesis to Epigenetics. Diseases 2021; 9:diseases9040087. [PMID: 34940025 PMCID: PMC8700721 DOI: 10.3390/diseases9040087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In modern societies, ageing and obesity represent medical challenges for healthcare professionals and caregivers. Obesity and ageing share common features including the related cellular and molecular pathways as well as the impacts they have as risk factors for a variety of diseases and health problems. Both of these health problems also share exercise and a healthy lifestyle as the best therapeutic options. Importantly, ageing and obesity also have common epigenetic changes (histone modification, DNA methylation, noncoding RNAs, and chromatin remodeling) that are also impacted by exercise. This suggests that epigenetic pathways are among the mechanisms via which exercise induces its benefits, including ageing and obesity improvements. Exploring these interrelations and based on the fact that both ageing and obesity represent risk factors for each other, would lead to optimizing the available therapeutic approaches towards improved obesity management and healthy ageing.
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Ghanemi A, Yoshioka M, St-Amand J. Measuring Exercise-Induced Secreted Protein Acidic and Rich in Cysteine Expression as a Molecular Tool to Optimize Personalized Medicine. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:1832. [PMID: 34828438 PMCID: PMC8621187 DOI: 10.3390/genes12111832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The numerous exercise benefits for health as well as applications for diseases has lead to exercise being prescribed in many pathological conditions. Secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC) gene expression is stimulated by exercise and SPARC has been suggested as a molecular mediator of exercise. Therefore, we suggest using this property for personalized medicine. This can be achieved by prescribing the exercise with a pattern (duration, intensity, etc.) that corresponds to the optimum SPARC/Sparc expression. We expect this approach to optimize the exercise therapy in both the preventive and curative contexts. In the research field, measuring exercise -dependent expression of Sparc would represent a molecular tool to further optimize the selection of exercise animal models as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelaziz Ghanemi
- Functional Genomics Laboratory, Endocrinology and Nephrology Axis, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada; (A.G.); (M.Y.)
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Mayumi Yoshioka
- Functional Genomics Laboratory, Endocrinology and Nephrology Axis, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada; (A.G.); (M.Y.)
| | - Jonny St-Amand
- Functional Genomics Laboratory, Endocrinology and Nephrology Axis, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada; (A.G.); (M.Y.)
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
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Ghanemi A, Yoshioka M, St-Amand J. Post-Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19): Toward a Severe Multi-Level Health Crisis? Med Sci (Basel) 2021; 9:medsci9040068. [PMID: 34842764 PMCID: PMC8629009 DOI: 10.3390/medsci9040068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
There were already numerous challenges facing the healthcare system prior to the ongoing coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Although we look forward to ending this pandemic, it is still expected that the healthcare system will face further challenges leading to a multi-level health crisis. Indeed, after the COVID-19 pandemic, there will still be COVID-19 active cases and those left with health problems following COVID-19 infection who will be of a particular impact. In addition, we also have the health problems that either emerged or worsened during COVID-19, especially with the reduced ability of the healthcare system to take care of many non COVID-19 patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. Such expected evolution of the situation highlights the necessity for the decision-makers to consider applying serious reforms and take quick measures to prevent a post-COVID-19 health crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelaziz Ghanemi
- Functional Genomics Laboratory, Endocrinology and Nephrology Axis, CREMI, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, 2705 Boul. Laurier, Quebec City, QC G1V 4G2, Canada; (A.G.); (M.Y.)
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Mayumi Yoshioka
- Functional Genomics Laboratory, Endocrinology and Nephrology Axis, CREMI, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, 2705 Boul. Laurier, Quebec City, QC G1V 4G2, Canada; (A.G.); (M.Y.)
| | - Jonny St-Amand
- Functional Genomics Laboratory, Endocrinology and Nephrology Axis, CREMI, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, 2705 Boul. Laurier, Quebec City, QC G1V 4G2, Canada; (A.G.); (M.Y.)
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +418-654-2296; Fax: +418-654-2761
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Wood GC, Bailey-Davis L, Benotti P, Cook A, Dove J, Mowery J, Ramasamy A, Iyer N, Smolarz BG, Kumar N, Still CD. Effects of sustained weight loss on outcomes associated with obesity comorbidities and healthcare resource utilization. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0258545. [PMID: 34731171 PMCID: PMC8565747 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0258545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Determine the impact of long-term non-surgical weight loss maintenance on clinical relevance for osteoarthritis, cancer, opioid use, and depression/anxiety and healthcare resource utilization. Methods A cohort of adults receiving primary care within Geisinger Health System between 2001–2017 was retrospectively studied. Patients with ≥3 weight measurements in the two-year index period and obesity at baseline (BMI ≥30 kg/m2) were categorized: Obesity Maintainers (reference group) maintained weight within +/-3%; Weight Loss Rebounders lost ≥5% body weight in year one, regaining ≥20% of weight loss in year two; Weight Loss Maintainers lost ≥5% body weight in year one, maintaining ≥80% of weight loss. Association with development of osteoarthritis, cancer, opioid use, and depression/anxiety, was assessed; healthcare resource utilization was quantified. Magnitude of weight loss among maintainers was evaluated for impact on health outcomes. Results In total, 63,567 patients were analyzed including 67% Obesity Maintainers, 19% Weight Loss Rebounders, and 14% Weight Loss Maintainers; median follow-up was 9.7 years. Time until osteoarthritis onset was delayed for Weight Loss Maintainers compared to Obesity Maintainers (Logrank test p <0.0001). Female Weight Loss Maintainers had a 19% and 24% lower risk of developing any cancer (p = 0.0022) or obesity-related cancer (p = 0.0021), respectively. No significant trends were observed for opioid use. Weight loss Rebounders and Maintainers had increased risk (14% and 25%) of future treatment for anxiety/depression (both <0.0001). Weight loss maintenance of >15% weight loss was associated with the greatest decrease in incident osteoarthritis. Healthcare resource utilization was significantly higher for Weight Loss Rebounders and Maintainers compared to Obesity Maintainers. Increased weight loss among Weight Loss Maintainers trended with lower overall healthcare resource utilization, except for hospitalizations. Conclusions In people with obesity, sustained weight loss was associated with greater clinical benefits than regained short-term weight loss and obesity maintenance. Higher weight loss magnitudes were associated with delayed onset of osteoarthritis and led to decreased healthcare utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. Craig Wood
- Geisinger Health, Danville, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Peter Benotti
- Geisinger Health, Danville, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Adam Cook
- Geisinger Health, Danville, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - James Dove
- Geisinger Health, Danville, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Jacob Mowery
- Geisinger Health, Danville, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | | | - Neeraj Iyer
- Novo Nordisk Inc, Plainsboro, New Jersey, United States of America
| | | | - Neela Kumar
- Novo Nordisk Inc, Plainsboro, New Jersey, United States of America
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Ghanemi A, Yoshioka M, St-Amand J. Impact of Adiposity and Fat Distribution, Rather Than Obesity, on Antibodies as an Illustration of Weight-Loss-Independent Exercise Benefits. MEDICINES 2021; 8:medicines8100057. [PMID: 34677486 PMCID: PMC8537631 DOI: 10.3390/medicines8100057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Obesity represents a risk factor for a variety of diseases because of its inflammatory component, among other biological patterns. Recently, with the ongoing COVID-19 crisis, a special focus has been put on obesity as a status in which antibody production, among other immune functions, is impaired, which would impact both disease pathogenesis and vaccine efficacy. Within this piece of writing, we illustrate that such patterns would be due to the increased adiposity and fat distribution pattern rather than obesity (as defined by the body mass index) itself. Within this context, we also highlight the importance of the weight-loss-independent effects of exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelaziz Ghanemi
- Functional Genomics Laboratory, Endocrinology and Nephrology Axis, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada; (A.G.); (M.Y.)
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Mayumi Yoshioka
- Functional Genomics Laboratory, Endocrinology and Nephrology Axis, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada; (A.G.); (M.Y.)
| | - Jonny St-Amand
- Functional Genomics Laboratory, Endocrinology and Nephrology Axis, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada; (A.G.); (M.Y.)
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Correspondence:
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Trefoil Factor Family Member 2 Expression as an Indicator of the Severity of the High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12101505. [PMID: 34680900 PMCID: PMC8535368 DOI: 10.3390/genes12101505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Trefoil Factor Family Member 2 (TFF2) belongs to TFF family peptides that includes TFF1, TFF2, TFF3. TFF2 is mainly known for its roles in the mucosal protection. In the context of obesity and high fat diet (HFD), Tff2 has been characterized as a HFD-induced gene. The knock-out of Tff2 in mice lead to the protection from HFD-induced obesity with a metabolic profile towards a negative energy balance. Such HFD-specific expression gives Tff2 a pattern worth exploring in biomedical research. Indeed, measuring TFF2/TFF2/Tff2 expression in biological samples following the ingestion of high-fat diet reflects the biological "responsiveness" to the lipids ingestion and would reflect the severity of obesity establishment afterwards. Such property could be explored for instance to screen animal models, evaluate the predisposition to HFD-induced obesity as well as in biomedical and clinical applications. Results might advance obesity research especially in terms of understanding lipid-induced signals, appetite control and adiposity storage.
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Dicker D, Alfadda AA, Coutinho W, Cuevas A, Halford JCG, Hughes CA, Iwabu M, Kang JH, Nawar R, Reynoso R, Rhee N, Rigas G, Salvador J, Sbraccia P, Vázquez-Velázquez V, Caterson ID. Patient motivation to lose weight: Importance of healthcare professional support, goals and self-efficacy. Eur J Intern Med 2021; 91:10-16. [PMID: 33558163 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejim.2021.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND People with obesity (PwO) often struggle to achieve and maintain weight loss. This can perpetuate and/or be influenced by feelings of low motivation. This analysis from ACTION-IO data identified factors associated with PwO motivation to lose weight. METHODS PwO completed an online survey in 11 countries. Exploratory multinomial logistic regression analyses identified independent variables associated with self-report of feeling motivated versus not motivated to lose weight. RESULTS Data from 10,854 PwO were included (5,369 motivated; 3,312 neutral; 2,173 not motivated). Variables associated with feeling motivated versus not motivated included (odds ratio [95% confidence interval]): acknowledgement of healthcare professional (HCP) responsibility to contribute to weight loss (2.32 [1.86-2.88]), comfort in talking to their HCP about weight (1.46 [1.24-1.72), agreement that it is easy to lose weight (1.73 [1.30-2.31]), and a goal of reducing risks from excess weight (1.45 [1.22-1.73]). Conversely, if PwO considered obesity less important than other diseases they were less likely to report feeling motivated (0.49 [0.41-0.58]). PwO who reported being motivated to lose weight were more likely to exercise ≥5 times a week versus <1 time a week (2.77 [2.09-3.68]) than those who reported they were not motivated. CONCLUSIONS Positive interactions with HCPs, self-efficacy, setting goals and knowledge of the importance of weight management, in addition to regular exercising, may increase PwO motivation for weight loss. Appropriate HCP support may help PwO who are ready to engage in weight management. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT03584191.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dror Dicker
- Director, Department of Internal Medicine D, Hasharon Hospital-Rabin Medical Center, Petah-Tikva, Israel; Sackler School Of Medicine, Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv, Israel.
| | - Assim A Alfadda
- Obesity Research Center and the Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2925 (98), Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia
| | - Walmir Coutinho
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro (PUC-Rio), Instituto Estadual de Diabetes e Endocrinologia (IEDE), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Ada Cuevas
- Center for Advanced Metabolic Medicine and Nutrition (CAMMYN) Avda Las Condes 9460, office 501, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jason C G Halford
- School of Psychology, University of Leeds, University Road, Woodhouse, Leeds LS2 9JZ, UK
| | - Carly A Hughes
- Weight Management Service, Fakenham Medical Practice, Meditrina House, Trinity Road, Fakenham, NR21 8SY, UK
| | - Masato Iwabu
- Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Jae-Heon Kang
- Department of Family Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 03181, South Korea
| | - Rita Nawar
- The Weight Care Clinic, Dubai Healthcare City, Building 64, Block A, 2nd Floor, 2004, P.O. Box: 505042, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ricardo Reynoso
- Novo Nordisk Health Care AG, Thurgauerstrasse 36/38, 8050 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Nicolai Rhee
- Novo Nordisk Health Care AG, Thurgauerstrasse 36/38, 8050 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Georgia Rigas
- Department of Bariatric Surgery, St George Private Hospital, Suite 3, Level 5, 1 South St, Kogarah, Sydney, Australia
| | - Javier Salvador
- Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Paolo Sbraccia
- University of Rome Tor Vergata, Department of Systems Medicine, Via Montpellier,1, I-00133 Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Verónica Vázquez-Velázquez
- Clínica de Obesidad y Trastornos de la Conducta Alimentaria, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Vasco de Quiroga 15, Tlalpan, Belisario Domínguez Sección XVI, 14080 Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Ian D Caterson
- Boden Collaboration, Charles Perkins Centre, D17, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Sydney, Australia
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Alfadda AA, Caterson ID, Coutinho W, Cuevas A, Dicker D, Halford JCG, Hughes CA, Iwabu M, Kang JH, Nawar R, Reynoso R, Rhee N, Rigas G, Salvador J, Vázquez-Velázquez V, Sbraccia P. The 3Ds - Discussion, diagnosis and direction: Elements for effective obesity care by healthcare professionals. Eur J Intern Med 2021; 91:17-25. [PMID: 33495083 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejim.2021.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The care of people with obesity is often suboptimal due to both physician and patient perceptions about obesity itself and clinical barriers. Using data from the ACTION-IO study, we aimed to identify factors that might improve the quality of obesity care through adoption of the 3D approach (Discussion, Diagnosis and Direction [follow-up]) by healthcare professionals (HCPs). METHODS An online survey was completed by HCPs in 11 countries. Exploratory beta regression analyses identified independent variables associated with each component of the 3D approach. RESULTS Data from 2,331 HCPs were included in the statistical models. HCPs were significantly more likely to initiate weight discussions and inform patients of obesity diagnoses, respectively, if (odds ratio [95% confidence interval]): they recorded an obesity diagnosis in their patient's medical notes (1.59, [1.43-1.76] and 2.16 [1.94-2.40], respectively); and they were comfortable discussing weight with their patients (1.53 [1.39-1.69] and 1.15 [1.04-1.27]). HCPs who reported feeling motivated to help their patients lose weight were also more likely to initiate discussions (1.36 [1.21-1.53]) and schedule follow-up appointments (1.21 [1.06-1.38]). By contrast, HCPs who lacked advanced formal training in obesity management were less likely to inform patients of obesity diagnoses (0.83 [0.74-0.92]) or schedule follow-up appointments (0.69 [0.62-0.78]). CONCLUSION Specific actions that could improve obesity care through the 3D approach include: encouraging HCPs to record an obesity diagnosis; providing tools to help HCPs feel more comfortable initiating weight discussions; and provision of training in obesity management. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT03584191.
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Affiliation(s)
- Assim A Alfadda
- Obesity Research Center and the Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2925 (98), Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Ian D Caterson
- Boden Collaboration, Charles Perkins Centre, D17, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Sydney, Australia
| | - Walmir Coutinho
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro (PUC-Rio), Instituto Estadual de Diabetes e Endocrinologia (IEDE), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Ada Cuevas
- Center for Advanced Metabolic Medicine and Nutrition (CAMMYN) Avda Las Condes 9460, office 501, Santiago, Chile
| | - Dror Dicker
- Department of Internal Medicine D, Hasharon Hospital-Rabin Medical Center, Petah-Tikva, Israel; Sackler School Of Medicine, Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Jason C G Halford
- School of Psychology, University of Leeds, University Road, Woodhouse, Leeds LS2 9JZ, UK
| | - Carly A Hughes
- Weight Management Service, Fakenham Medical Practice, Meditrina House, Trinity Road, Fakenham, NR21 8SY, UK
| | - Masato Iwabu
- Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Jae-Heon Kang
- Department of Family Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 03181, South Korea
| | - Rita Nawar
- The Weight Care Clinic, Dubai Healthcare City, Building 64, Block A, 2nd Floor, 2004, P.O. Box: 505042, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ricardo Reynoso
- Novo Nordisk Health Care AG, Thurgauerstrasse 36/38, 8050 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Nicolai Rhee
- Novo Nordisk Health Care AG, Thurgauerstrasse 36/38, 8050 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Georgia Rigas
- Department of Bariatric Surgery, St George Private Hospital, Suite 3, Level 5, 1 South St, Kogarah, Sydney, Australia
| | - Javier Salvador
- Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Verónica Vázquez-Velázquez
- Clínica de Obesidad y Trastornos de la Conducta Alimentaria, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Vasco de Quiroga 15, Tlalpan, Belisario Domínguez Sección XVI, 14080 Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Paolo Sbraccia
- University of Rome Tor Vergata, Department of Systems Medicine, Via Montpellier,1, I-00133 Rome, Rome, Italy
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Czerwińska M, Czarzasta K, Cudnoch-Jędrzejewska A. New Peptides as Potential Players in the Crosstalk Between the Brain and Obesity, Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases. Front Physiol 2021; 12:692642. [PMID: 34497533 PMCID: PMC8419452 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.692642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
According to the World Health Organization report published in 2016, 650 million people worldwide suffer from obesity, almost three times more than in 1975. Obesity is defined as excessive fat accumulation which may impair health with non-communicable diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases (hypertension, coronary artery disease, stroke), and some cancers. Despite medical advances, cardiovascular complications are still the leading causes of death arising from obesity. Excessive fat accumulation is caused by the imbalance between energy intake and expenditure. The pathogenesis of this process is complex and not fully understood, but current research is focused on the role of the complex crosstalk between the central nervous system (CNS), neuroendocrine and immune system including the autonomic nervous system, adipose tissue, digestive and cardiovascular systems. Additionally, special attention has been paid to newly discovered substances: neuropeptide 26RFa, preptin, and adropin. It was shown that the above peptides are synthesized both in numerous structures of the CNS and in many peripheral organs and tissues, such as the heart, adipose tissue, and the gastrointestinal tract. Recently, particular attention has been paid to the role of the presented peptides in the pathogenesis of obesity, metabolic and cardiovascular system diseases. This review summarizes the role of newly investigated peptides in the crosstalk between brain and peripheral organs in the pathogenesis of obesity, metabolic, and cardiovascular diseases.
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Ghanemi A, Yoshioka M, St-Amand J. Trefoil Factor Family Member 2: From a High-Fat-Induced Gene to a Potential Obesity Therapy Target. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11080536. [PMID: 34436477 PMCID: PMC8401738 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11080536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity has its epidemiological patterns continuously increasing. With controlling both diet and exercise being the main approaches to manage the energy metabolism balance, a high-fat (HF) diet is of particular importance. Indeed, lipids have a low satiety potential but a high caloric density. Thus, focusing on pharmacologically targetable pathways remains an approach with promising therapeutic potential. Within this context, trefoil factor family member 2 (Tff2) has been characterized as specifically induced by HF diet rather than low-fat diet. TFF2 has also been linked to diverse neurological mechanisms and metabolic patterns suggesting its role in energy balance. The hypothesis is that TFF2 would be a HF diet-induced signal that regulates metabolism with a focus on lipids. Within this review, we put the spotlight on key findings highlighting this line of thought. Importantly, the hypothetical mechanisms pointed highlight TFF2 as an important contributor to obesity development via increasing lipids intestinal absorption and anabolism. Therefore, an outlook for future experimental activities and evaluation of the therapeutic potential of TFF2 inhibition is given. Indeed, its knockdown or downregulation would contribute to an antiobesity phenotype. We believe this work represents an addition to our understanding of the lipidic molecular implications in obesity, which will contribute to develop therapies aiming to manage the lipidic metabolic pathways including the absorption, storage and metabolism via targeting TFF2-related pathways. We briefly discuss important relevant concepts for both basic and clinical researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelaziz Ghanemi
- Functional Genomics Laboratory, CREMI, Québec Genome Center, CHUL-CHU de Québec Research Center, Quebec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada; (A.G.); (M.Y.)
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Mayumi Yoshioka
- Functional Genomics Laboratory, CREMI, Québec Genome Center, CHUL-CHU de Québec Research Center, Quebec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada; (A.G.); (M.Y.)
| | - Jonny St-Amand
- Functional Genomics Laboratory, CREMI, Québec Genome Center, CHUL-CHU de Québec Research Center, Quebec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada; (A.G.); (M.Y.)
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Correspondence:
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Shin NR, Bose S, Choi Y, Kim YM, Chin YW, Song EJ, Nam YD, Kim H. Anti-Obesity Effect of Fermented Panax notoginseng Is Mediated Via Modulation of Appetite and Gut Microbial Population. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:665881. [PMID: 34381356 PMCID: PMC8350340 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.665881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Panax notoginseng (PN) is a traditional herbal medicine containing several active compounds such as saponins and ginsenosides with many therapeutic applications including anti-obesity activity. Fermentation by lactic acid bacteria has the potential to metabolize ginsenosides to more active forms. This study examined whether fermentation has any benefits on the protective effects of a PN extract against obesity using a high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mouse model. PN was fermented with Lactobacillus plantarum which exhibited high β-glucosidase activity. Upon fermentation, the PN extract exhibited an altered ginsenoside profile, a dramatic increase in the lactate level. Treatment of the HFD group with fermented PN (FPN), but not PN, decreased both the food and calorie intake significantly, which was consistent with the more potent suppressing effects of FPN than PN on the signaling pathways involved in appetite and energy intake. The PN treatment also modulated the gut microbial composition. The PN and FPN treatment groups showed clear differences in the population of gut microbiota. The relative abundance of Bacteroidetes, Erysipelotrichaceae, Coprococus, and Dehalobacterium were significantly higher in the FPN group then the normal, HFD, and XEN groups. Furthermore, the relative abundances of Akkermansia, Dehalobacterium, Erysipeliotrichaceae and parpabacteroides were significantly higher in the FPN group than the PN group, but the relative abundances of Allobaculum, Erysipelotrichi and Erysipelotrichale were significantly lower. The relative abundance of Bacteroides and Lactococcus was significantly higher and lower, respectively in the PN and FPN groups than the HFD group. In conclusion, the altered ginsenoside and organic acid's profile, and altered gut microbial composition are believed to be the major factors contributing to the anti-obesity properties of FPN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Rae Shin
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Goyang, South Korea
| | - Shambhunath Bose
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Goyang, South Korea
| | - Yura Choi
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Goyang, South Korea
| | - Young-Mi Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young-Won Chin
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eun-Ji Song
- Research Group of Healthcare, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, South Korea
| | - Young-Do Nam
- Research Group of Healthcare, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, South Korea
| | - Hojun Kim
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Goyang, South Korea
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Hughes CA, Ahern AL, Kasetty H, McGowan BM, Parretti HM, Vincent A, Halford JCG. Changing the narrative around obesity in the UK: a survey of people with obesity and healthcare professionals from the ACTION-IO study. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e045616. [PMID: 34193488 PMCID: PMC8246368 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-045616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the perceptions, attitudes, behaviours and potential barriers to effective obesity care in the UK using data collected from people with obesity (PwO) and healthcare professionals (HCPs) in the Awareness, Care, and Treatment In Obesity maNagement-International Observation (ACTION-IO) study. DESIGN UK's PwO (body mass index of ≥30 kg/m2 based on self-reported height and weight) and HCPs who manage patients with obesity completed an online survey. RESULTS In the UK, 1500 PwO and 306 HCPs completed the survey. Among the 47% of PwO who discussed weight with an HCP in the past 5 years, it took a mean of 9 years from the start of their struggles with weight until a discussion occurred. HCPs reported that PwO initiated 35% of weight-related discussions; PwO reported that they initiated 47% of discussions. Most PwO (85%) assumed full responsibility for their own weight loss. The presence of obesity-related comorbidities was cited by 76% of HCPs as a top criterion for initiating weight management conversations. The perception of lack of interest (72%) and motivation (61%) in losing weight was reported as top reasons by HCPs for not discussing weight with a patient. Sixty-five per cent of PwO liked their HCP bringing up weight during appointments. PwO reported complex and varied emotions following a weight loss conversation with an HCP, including supported (36%), hopeful (31%), motivated (23%) and embarrassed (17%). Follow-up appointments were scheduled for 19% of PwO after a weight discussion despite 62% wanting follow-up. CONCLUSIONS The current narrative around obesity requires a paradigm shift in the UK to address the delay between PwO struggling with their weight and discussing weight with their HCP. Perceptions of lack of patient interest and motivation in weight management must be challenged along with the blame culture of individual responsibility that is prevalent throughout society. While PwO may welcome weight-related conversations with an HCP, they evoke complex feelings, demonstrating the need for sensitivity and respect in these conversations. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT03584191.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carly A Hughes
- Fakenham Weight Management Service, Fakenham Medical Practice, Fakenham, UK
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Amy L Ahern
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Barbara M McGowan
- Institute of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Obesity, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | | | - Ann Vincent
- Department of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
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Ghanemi A, Yoshioka M, St-Amand J. Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Crisis: Losing Our Immunity When We Need It the Most. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:545. [PMID: 34207024 PMCID: PMC8235440 DOI: 10.3390/biology10060545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) crisis has led to a new socioeconomic reality with the acquisition of novel habits. Measures imposed by governments and health authorities such as confinement and lockdown have had important consequences, including mental health problems, economic crisis, and social isolation. Combined with newly acquired habits such as hand washing, sanitization, and face masks, these have all directly and indirectly led to reduced immunity. Such effects on the immune system not only impact the epidemiological profile with respect to COVID-19 and other infectious diseases but also limit the efficacy of the ongoing anti-COVID-19 vaccination campaign. Therefore, there is a need to review these approaches and optimize measures towards better population immunity, which is much needed during such an epidemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelaziz Ghanemi
- Functional Genomics Laboratory, Endocrinology and Nephrology Axis, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Mayumi Yoshioka
- Functional Genomics Laboratory, Endocrinology and Nephrology Axis, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Jonny St-Amand
- Functional Genomics Laboratory, Endocrinology and Nephrology Axis, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
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Iwabu M, Yamauchi T, Shimomura I, Eguchi K, Ogawa Y. Perceptions, attitudes and barriers to obesity management: Japanese data from the ACTION-IO study. J Diabetes Investig 2021; 12:845-858. [PMID: 33021048 PMCID: PMC8089010 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.13427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS/INTRODUCTION The prevalence of obesity is rising in Japan and represents a considerable unmet medical need. The Awareness, Care and Treatment in Obesity MaNagement - International Observation (ACTION-IO) study was designed to identify the perceptions, attitudes and barriers to obesity care among people with obesity (PwO) and healthcare professionals (HCPs) in Japan. MATERIALS AND METHODS An online, cross-sectional survey was carried out in 11 countries, including Japan. RESULTS The survey was completed by 2,001 PwO and 302 HCPs in Japan. Fewer PwO (58%) than HCPs (85%) perceived obesity as a chronic disease. Most PwO (81%) thought that weight loss was their own responsibility, and waited a considerable time before seeking support from their HCP (mean 6 years). Most PwO (64%) had made one or more serious weight loss attempt in the past. In contrast, a serious attempt at losing weight was reported by HCPs for just 21% of their patients. Just 24% of PwO had weight discussions with an HCP in the past 5 years; of those, 56% expressed positive feelings after such a conversation, and just 2% felt offended. Lack of patient motivation (68%) and patient disinterest (61%) were reported by HCPs as barriers to weight management conversations. A higher proportion of obesity specialists (37%) than non-specialists (22%) thought their patients were motivated to lose weight. CONCLUSIONS Our Japanese dataset shows a need to raise awareness of the pathophysiological basis and clinical management of obesity among PwO and HCPs. The largely positive feelings expressed by PwO after weight loss conversations should encourage HCPs to initiate earlier discussions before obesity-related complications occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masato Iwabu
- Department of Diabetes and Metabolic DiseasesGraduate School of MedicineThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Toshimasa Yamauchi
- Department of Diabetes and Metabolic DiseasesGraduate School of MedicineThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Iichiro Shimomura
- Department of Metabolic MedicineGraduate School of MedicineOsaka UniversityOsakaJapan
| | | | - Yoshihiro Ogawa
- Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory ScienceGraduate School of Medical SciencesKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
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Ghanemi A, Yoshioka M, St-Amand J. Obese Animals as Models for Numerous Diseases: Advantages and Applications. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2021; 57:399. [PMID: 33919006 PMCID: PMC8142996 DOI: 10.3390/medicina57050399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
With the advances in obesity research, a variety of animal models have been developed to investigate obesity pathogenesis, development, therapies and complications. Such obese animals would not only allow us to explore obesity but would also represent models to study diseases and conditions that develop with obesity or where obesity represents a risk factor. Indeed, obese subjects, as well as animal models of obesity, develop pathologies such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, inflammation and metabolic disorders. Therefore, obese animals would represent models for numerous diseases. Although those diseases can be induced in animals by chemicals or drugs without obesity development, having them developed as consequences of obesity has numerous advantages. These advantages include mimicking natural pathogenesis processes, using diversity in obesity models (diet, animal species) to study the related variabilities and exploring disease intensity and reversibility depending on obesity development and treatments. Importantly, therapeutic implications and pharmacological tests represent key advantages too. On the other hand, obesity prevalence is continuously increasing, and, therefore, the likelihood of having a patient suffering simultaneously from obesity and a particular disease is increasing. Thus, studying diverse diseases in obese animals (either induced naturally or developed) would allow researchers to build a library of data related to the patterns or specificities of obese patients within the context of pathologies. This may lead to a new branch of medicine specifically dedicated to the diseases and care of obese patients, similar to geriatric medicine, which focuses on the elderly population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelaziz Ghanemi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada;
- Functional Genomics Laboratory, Endocrinology and Nephrology Axis, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, 2705 Boul. Laurier, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada;
| | - Mayumi Yoshioka
- Functional Genomics Laboratory, Endocrinology and Nephrology Axis, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, 2705 Boul. Laurier, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada;
| | - Jonny St-Amand
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada;
- Functional Genomics Laboratory, Endocrinology and Nephrology Axis, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, 2705 Boul. Laurier, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada;
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Nawar R, Ibrahim E, Abusnana S, Al Awadi F, Al Hammadi FH, Farghaly M, Fiad TM, Aly H, Aly Mohamed Y, Ben Serghin Z. Understanding the Gaps in Obesity Management in the UAE: Perceptions, Barriers, and Attitudes. DUBAI DIABETES AND ENDOCRINOLOGY JOURNAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1159/000514359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Obesity is a chronic relapsing disease of which, globally, the prevalence has reached epidemic proportions. The ACTION-IO study (NCT03584191) investigated the perceptions, attitudes, and behaviors of people with obesity (PwO) and healthcare professionals (HCPs), which can help in devising strategies for its optimal management. Here, we present the results from the United Arab Emirates (UAE). <b><i>Methods:</i></b> The ACTION-IO study was a cross-sectional study conducted in 11 countries, including the UAE, that collected data via a survey. Eligible UAE PwO were ≥18 years with a BMI of ≥30 kg/m<sup>2</sup> (self-reported height and weight). Eligible HCPs were in direct patient care. Data were collected in the UAE between July 11, 2018, and September 5, 2018. <b><i>Results:</i></b> A total of 750 PwO and 200 HCPs completed the survey in the UAE. Both PwO (82%) and HCPs (78%) acknowledged obesity as a chronic disease and agreed that it has a large impact on overall health (PwO 88% and HCPs 80%). More HCPs felt that diabetes and stroke (both 91%) had a larger impact on overall health than did obesity. Many PwO (76%) assumed full responsibility for their weight loss; 84% of HCPs acknowledged responsibility for actively contributing to patient weight loss efforts. The top motivator for weight loss among PwO was wanting to be more fit/in better shape (45%), while HCPs believed the main motivator was general health concerns (83%). The top barrier against initiating weight management discussions provided by HCPs was that they felt PwO were not interested in losing weight (69%), whereas only 10% of PwO selected this response. The mean delay between struggling with excess weight and having a weight management discussion with an HCP was 4 years. <b><i>Discussion/Conclusion:</i></b> These UAE results highlight differences in the perceptions and attitudes toward obesity from PwO and HCPs and reflect a need to understand weight management concerns to initiate earlier and more effective PwO–HCP conversations. The findings will inform educational needs on the biological basis of obesity and its clinical management and will help to address regional barriers for effective obesity care.
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Alfadda AA, Al Qarni A, Alamri K, Ahamed SS, Abo’ouf SM, Shams M, Abdelfattah W, Al Shaikh A. Perceptions, attitudes, and barriers toward obesity management in Saudi Arabia: Data from the ACTION-IO study. Saudi J Gastroenterol 2021; 27:166-172. [PMID: 33666177 PMCID: PMC8265404 DOI: 10.4103/sjg.sjg_500_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ACTION IO study (NCT03584191) aimed to identify perceptions, attitudes, behaviors, and potential barriers to effective obesity care across people with obesity (PwO) and healthcare professionals (HCPs). Results from Saudi Arabia are presented here. METHODS A survey was conducted from June to September 2018. In Saudi Arabia, eligible PwO were ≥18 years with a self reported body mass index of ≥30 kg/m2. Eligible HCPs were in direct patient care. RESULTS The survey was completed by 1,000 PwO and 200 HCPs in Saudi Arabia. Many PwO (68%) and HCPs (62%) agreed that obesity is a chronic disease. PwO felt responsible for their weight management (67%), but 71% of HCPs acknowledged their responsibility to contribute. Overall, 58% of PwO had discussed weight with their HCP in the past 5 years, 46% had received a diagnosis of obesity, and 44% had a follow up appointment scheduled. Although 50% of PwO said they were motivated to lose weight, only 39% of HCPs thought their patients were motivated to lose weight. Less than half of PwO (39%) and HCPs (49%) regarded genetic factors as a barrier to weight loss. Many PwO had seriously attempted weight loss (92%) and achieved ≥5% weight loss (61%), but few maintained their weight loss for >1 year (5%). CONCLUSION Saudi Arabian results have revealed misperceptions among PwO and HCPs about obesity, highlighting opportunities for further education and training about obesity including the biologic basis and clinical management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Assim A Alfadda
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia,Obesity Research Center, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia,Address for correspondence: Prof. Assim A. Alfadda, Obesity Research Center, College of Medicine, King Saud University, P. O. Box 2925 (98), Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia. E-mail:
| | - Ali Al Qarni
- Endocrine Section, King Abdulaziz Hospital and King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Eastern Region, Al Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid Alamri
- Obesity, Diabetes and Endocrinology Center, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shaik Shaffi Ahamed
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shaza Mohammed Abo’ouf
- Department of Nutrition, The Nutrition Map Clinic for Weight Management, Private Clinic, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmoud Shams
- Department of Medical Affairs, Medical, Novo Nordisk, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Waleed Abdelfattah
- Department of Medical Affairs, Medical, Novo Nordisk, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Noer ER, Dewi L, Huriyati E, Djamiatun K, Susanto H, Tjahjono K, Muis SF, Sulchan M. The Impact of Weight Loss Program in Metabolic Profile and Body Fat Improvement among Indonesian Young Obese: A Randomized Clinical Trial. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 2021; 66:S308-S313. [PMID: 33612615 DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.66.s308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Abdominal obesity is defined as an accumulation visceral fat in abdomen region. It is linked to metabolic disorders that contribute to chronic diseases. Triglyceride (TG) to high-density lipoprotein (TG/HDL) ratio is considered as an insulin resistance (IR) marker. The waist to height ratio (WHtR) has been advocated as an effective and convenient measurement of central adiposity that could potentially be superior instead of BMI in determining cardiometabolic risk. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of 8-wk-high protein diet and exercise on TG/HDL ratio, waist to height ratio (WHtR), body fat (BF) and body weight (BW). This study was a randomized clinical trial in 43 subjects with BMI >25 kg/m2. Subjects were randomized into 3 groups: High Protein Diet and Exercise (HPDE; n=15) High Protein Diet (HPD; n=15) and Control Group (CG; n=13). The prescribed diet consisted of 1,200 calories; while the exercise was conducted for 5 times/wk for 8 wk. The hypocaloric diet comprised of 55% carbohydrate, 25% protein, and 20% fat. In the end of the study, HPDE group had greater weight loss (-2.3±1.9 kg) than HPD (-1.8±2.2 kg); while CG increased in weight (1.8±1.3 kg). HPDE group had significantly improved TG, HDL, TG/HDL ratio and WHtR by -26.6 mg/dL, 12.7 mg/dL, -1.02, -0.02 respectively (p<0.05). There were significant differences between 3 groups, with ΔTG (p=0.008), ΔHDL (p=0.001), and ΔTG/HDL ratio (p=0.004) and WHtR (p=0.001). In conclusion, t hypocaloric diet combined with exercise has a beneficial effect in weight loss among young obese.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etika Ratna Noer
- Doctoral Program on Medicine and Health Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro.,Department of Nutrition Science, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Diponegoro
| | - Luthfia Dewi
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Nursing and Health Science, Muhammadiyah Semarang University
| | - Emy Huriyati
- Department of Health Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Gadjah Mada University
| | - Kis Djamiatun
- Biomedical Science Study Program, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Diponegoro
| | - Hardhono Susanto
- Department of Physiology Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Diponegoro
| | | | - Siti Fatimah Muis
- Department of Nutrition Science, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Diponegoro
| | - Mochammad Sulchan
- Department of Nutrition Science, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Diponegoro
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Vázquez‐Velázquez V, Laviada‐Molina H, García‐García E, Sandoval‐Diez E, Mancillas‐Adame L. Perceptions, Attitudes, and Barriers to Obesity Care in Mexico: Data From the ACTION-IO Study. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2021; 29:317-326. [PMID: 33491317 PMCID: PMC7898320 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The Awareness, Care, and Treatment in Obesity Management-International Observation (ACTION-IO) study (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT03584191) aimed to identify perceptions, attitudes, behaviors, and barriers to effective obesity care in people with obesity (PwO) and health care professionals (HCPs). This study presents the results from Mexico. METHODS An online survey was conducted. In Mexico, eligible PwO were ≥18 years of age with BMI ≥30 kg/m2 based on self-reported height and weight. Eligible HCPs had direct patient care. RESULTS The survey was completed by 2,000 PwO and 400 HCPs in Mexico. Many PwO (71%) and HCPs (94%) categorized obesity as a chronic disease. Sixty-three percent of PwO felt motivated to lose weight, but many HCPs perceived that PwO were not interested in losing weight (76%) or motivated to lose weight (69%). Lack of financial means to support weight-loss efforts was a barrier for PwO (34%) to discussing weight with HCPs. Sixty-five percent of PwO had discussed weight with HCPs in the past 5 years. PwO (80%) and HCPs (89%) considered lack of exercise as the main barrier to weight loss. Few PwO (34%) had successfully lost ≥5% of their body mass over the past 3 years. CONCLUSIONS This ACTION-IO study in Mexico identified discrepancies in the perceptions of PwO and HCPs, highlighting opportunities for further education and patient-centered approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica Vázquez‐Velázquez
- Obesity and Eating Disorder ClinicInstituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador ZubiránMexico CityMexico
| | | | - Eduardo García‐García
- Obesity and Eating Disorder ClinicInstituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador ZubiránMexico CityMexico
| | | | - Leonardo Mancillas‐Adame
- Endocrinology DivisionUniversity Hospital and Medical SchoolAutonomous University of Nuevo LeónSan Nicolás de los GarzaMexico
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Wang LH, Lv SY, Liu YR, Chen X, Wang JJ, Huang W, Zhou ZY. Comparative effectiveness of herb-partitioned moxibustion plus lifestyle modification treatment for patients with simple obesity: A study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e23758. [PMID: 33545941 PMCID: PMC7837822 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000023758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Obesity is a global public health issue, which results in many health complications. Moxibustion may serve as an alternative management for simple obesity, where pharmacological therapy is always difficult to be accepted by the majority of obese patients based on its safety. However, the effects of herb-partitioned moxibustion as obesity intervention have not been confirmed. This study is designed as a single-blinded, 3-dummy randomized controlled trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of herb-partitioned moxibustion plus lifestyle modification treatment in patients with simple obesity. METHODS AND ANALYSIS This study will be a randomized, controlled trial conducted from April, 2019 to April, 2021 that includes 108 participants who have simple obesity and meet the eligibility criteria. The participants will be randomly divided into 3 treatment groups: heat application group, medicated plaster group, or herb-partitioned moxibustion group. Each treatment will last 4 weeks. The primary outcomes will be the clinical effectiveness. The secondary outcome measures include participants' obesity-related indicators, the IWQOL-Lite scale, and the syndrome score of Traditional Chinese Medicine. Adverse events will be recorded during the intervention period. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Ethical approval of this study was granted by the Ethics Committee of Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine on 15 November 2018 (Ethics Reference No: HBZY2018-C24-01). Written informed consents will be provided by all participants before they were enrolled in this study. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT04606680.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Hua Wang
- College of Acupuncture and Orthopedics, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine/Hubei Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of Preventive Treatment by Acupuncture and Moxibustion
| | - Si-Ying Lv
- Department of Acupuncture, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Yi-Ran Liu
- Department of Acupuncture, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Xia Chen
- Department of Acupuncture, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Jia-Jie Wang
- Department of Acupuncture, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Huang
- College of Acupuncture and Orthopedics, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine/Hubei Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of Preventive Treatment by Acupuncture and Moxibustion
| | - Zhong-Yu Zhou
- Department of Acupuncture, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
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Ghanemi A, Yoshioka M, St-Amand J. High-Fat Diet-Induced Trefoil Factor Family Member 2 (TFF2) to Counteract the Immune-Mediated Damage in Mice. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11020258. [PMID: 33494143 PMCID: PMC7909836 DOI: 10.3390/ani11020258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary High-fat (HF) diet induces both immune-mediated damage and trefoil factor family member 2 (Tff2) expression. As TFF2 has tissue repair and protection properties, this suggests that HF diet-induced Tff2 production and the resulting TFF2 mucosal protective effects would be a mechanism to counteract the HF diet-induced tissue damage. On the other hand, the induction of Tff2 by HF diet could indicate that TFF2 is a food intake regulator (appetite control) since Tff2 is also expressed in the brain. This highlights the importance of exploring TFF2-related pathways in the context of obesity management towards potential therapies. Abstract Physiological homeostasis requires a balance between the immunological functions and the resulting damage/side effects of the immunological reactions including those related to high-fat (HF) diet. Within this context, whereas HF diet, through diverse mechanisms (such as inflammation), leads to immune-mediated damage, trefoil factor family member 2 (Tff2) represents a HF diet-induced gene. On the other hand, TFF2 both promotes tissue repair and reduces inflammation. These properties are towards counteracting the immune-mediated damage resulting from the HF diet. These observations suggest that the HF diet-induction of Tff2 could be a regulatory pathway aiming to counteract the immune-mediated damage resulting from the HF diet. Interestingly, since Tff2 expression increases with HF diet and with Tff2 also expressed in the brain, we also hypothesize that TFF2 could be a HF diet-induced food intake-control signal that reduces appetite. This hypothesis fits with counteracting the immune damage since reducing the food intake will reduce the HF intake and therefore, reduces the HF diet-induced tissue damage. Such food intake signaling would be an indirect mechanism by which TFF2 promotes tissue repair as well as a pathway worth exploring for potential obesity management pharmacotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelaziz Ghanemi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada;
- Functional Genomics Laboratory, Endocrinology and Nephrology Axis, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada;
| | - Mayumi Yoshioka
- Functional Genomics Laboratory, Endocrinology and Nephrology Axis, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada;
| | - Jonny St-Amand
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada;
- Functional Genomics Laboratory, Endocrinology and Nephrology Axis, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(418)-525-4444 (ext. 46448); Fax: +1-(418)-654-2298
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Ghanemi A, Yoshioka M, St-Amand J. Obesity as a Neuroendocrine Reprogramming. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 57:medicina57010066. [PMID: 33450943 PMCID: PMC7828432 DOI: 10.3390/medicina57010066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Obesity represents a health problem resulting from a broken balance between energy intake and energy expenditure leading to excess fat accumulation. Elucidating molecular and cellular pathways beyond the establishment of obesity remains the main challenge facing the progress in understanding obesity and developing its treatment. Within this context, this opinion presents obesity as a reprogrammer of selected neurological and endocrine patterns in order to adapt to the new metabolic imbalance represented by obesity status. Indeed, during obesity development, the energy balance is shifted towards increased energy storage, mainly but not only, in adipose tissues. These new metabolic patterns that obesity represents require changes at different cellular and metabolic levels under the control of the neuroendocrine systems through different regulatory signals. Therefore, there are neuroendocrine changes involving diverse mechanisms, such as neuroplasticity and hormonal sensitivity, and, thus, the modifications in the neuroendocrine systems in terms of metabolic functions fit with the changes accompanying the obesity-induced metabolic phenotype. Such endocrine reprogramming can explain why it is challenging to lose weight once obesity is established, because it would mean to go against new endogenous metabolic references resulting from a new “setting” of energy metabolism-related neuroendocrine regulation. Investigating the concepts surrounding the classification of obesity as a neuroendocrine reprogrammer could optimize our understanding of the underlying mechanisms and, importantly, reveal some of the mysteries surrounding the molecular pathogenesis of obesity, as well as focusing the pharmacological search for antiobesity therapies on both neurobiology synaptic plasticity and hormonal interaction sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelaziz Ghanemi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada;
- Functional Genomics Laboratory, Endocrinology and Nephrology Axis, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, 2705 Boul. Laurier, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada;
| | - Mayumi Yoshioka
- Functional Genomics Laboratory, Endocrinology and Nephrology Axis, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, 2705 Boul. Laurier, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada;
| | - Jonny St-Amand
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada;
- Functional Genomics Laboratory, Endocrinology and Nephrology Axis, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, 2705 Boul. Laurier, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(418)-525-4444 (ext. 46448); Fax: +1-(418)-654-2298
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Ghanemi A, Yoshioka M, St-Amand J. Secreted Protein Acidic and Rich in Cysteine as A Regeneration Factor: Beyond the Tissue Repair. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11010038. [PMID: 33435573 PMCID: PMC7827108 DOI: 10.3390/life11010038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Diverse pathologies (inflammation, tissues injuries, cancer, etc.) and physiological conditions (obesity, physical activity, etc.) induce the expression/secretion of the matricellular protein, secrete protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC). SPARC contributes to the creation of an environment that is suitable for tissue regeneration through a variety of roles, including metabolic homeostasis, inflammation reduction, extracellular matrix remodeling and collagen maturation. Such a homeostatic environment optimizes tissue regeneration and improves tissues’ repair ability. These properties that SPARC has within the regeneration contexts could have a variety of applications, such as in obesity, cancer, sarcopenia, diabetes and bioengineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelaziz Ghanemi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada;
- Functional Genomics Laboratory, Endocrinology and Nephrology Axis, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada;
| | - Mayumi Yoshioka
- Functional Genomics Laboratory, Endocrinology and Nephrology Axis, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada;
| | - Jonny St-Amand
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada;
- Functional Genomics Laboratory, Endocrinology and Nephrology Axis, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: + 1-(418)-525-4444 (ext. 46448); Fax: +1-(418)-654-2298
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La Spina M, Contreras PS, Rissone A, Meena NK, Jeong E, Martina JA. MiT/TFE Family of Transcription Factors: An Evolutionary Perspective. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 8:609683. [PMID: 33490073 PMCID: PMC7815692 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.609683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Response and adaptation to stress are critical for the survival of all living organisms. The regulation of the transcriptional machinery is an important aspect of these complex processes. The members of the microphthalmia (MiT/TFE) family of transcription factors, apart from their involvement in melanocyte biology, are emerging as key players in a wide range of cellular functions in response to a plethora of internal and external stresses. The MiT/TFE proteins are structurally related and conserved through evolution. Their tissue expression and activities are highly regulated by alternative splicing, promoter usage, and posttranslational modifications. Here, we summarize the functions of MiT/TFE proteins as master transcriptional regulators across evolution and discuss the contribution of animal models to our understanding of the various roles of these transcription factors. We also highlight the importance of deciphering transcriptional regulatory mechanisms in the quest for potential therapeutic targets for human diseases, such as lysosomal storage disorders, neurodegeneration, and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina La Spina
- Cell and Developmental Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Pablo S Contreras
- Cell and Developmental Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Alberto Rissone
- Cell and Developmental Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Naresh K Meena
- Cell and Developmental Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Eutteum Jeong
- Cell and Developmental Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - José A Martina
- Cell and Developmental Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
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Ding Z, Chen M, Tao X, Liu Y, He J, Wang T, Li X. Synergistic Treatment of Obesity via Locally Promoting Beige Adipogenesis and Antioxidative Defense in Adipose Tissues. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2021; 7:727-738. [PMID: 33397089 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c01181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a primary risk factor for type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and other chronic diseases. Current antiobesity medications need frequent administration and show limited efficacy with severe side effects. Herein, browning agent rosiglitazone (Rsg) and antioxidant manganese tetroxide nanoparticles (MnNPs, around 250 nm) are integrated into electrospun short fibers (SF@Rsg-Mn) with a 1.5 μm width and a 20 μm length. Upon injection into inguinal adipose tissues, SF@Rsg-Mn are well retained in the local depots to sustainably release Rsg in 30 days for adipose tissue browning, while MnNPs on the fiber surface continuously scavenge adipose reactive oxygen species (ROS) for an extended period of time. Synergistic inhibition of fat accumulation through ROS scavenging and white adipocyte browning has been demonstrated for the first time, and the optimal synergistic ratio of Rsg and MnNPs is determined to be 1/14 via combination index examination. SF@Rsg-Mn inhibit lipid accumulation through downregulation of adipogenic gene PPARγ while promoting energy expenditure through upregulation of brown-specific gene UCP1 and mitochondrial function gene COX7A1. In a diet-induced obesity mouse model, a single injection of SF@Rsg-Mn into inguinal adipose tissues has accomplished a synergistic effect on body weight loss, fat reduction, glucose, and lipid metabolic improvement while minimizing adverse effects on other tissues, thereby paving the way to efficacious, safe, and practical treatment of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhua Ding
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, P. R. China
| | - Maohua Chen
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, P. R. China
| | - Xinyan Tao
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, P. R. China
| | - Jie He
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, P. R. China
| | - Tao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, P. R. China.,Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610213, P. R. China
| | - Xiaohong Li
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, P. R. China
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