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Yu J, Li L, Tao X, Chen Y, Dong D. Metabolic interactions of host-gut microbiota: New possibilities for the precise diagnosis and therapeutic discovery of gastrointestinal cancer in the future-A review. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2024; 203:104480. [PMID: 39154670 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2024.104480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2024] [Revised: 08/12/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) cancer continues to pose a significant global health challenge. Recent advances in our understanding of the complex relationship between the host and gut microbiota have shed light on the critical role of metabolic interactions in the pathogenesis and progression of GI cancer. In this study, we examined how microbiota interact with the host to influence signalling pathways that impact the formation of GI tumours. Additionally, we investigated the potential therapeutic approach of manipulating GI microbiota for use in clinical settings. Revealing the complex molecular exchanges between the host and gut microbiota facilitates a deeper understanding of the underlying mechanisms that drive cancer development. Metabolic interactions hold promise for the identification of microbial signatures or metabolic pathways associated with specific stages of cancer. Hence, this study provides potential strategies for the diagnosis, treatment and management of GI cancers to improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianing Yu
- Department of Pharmacy, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China; College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, China
| | - Lu Li
- Department of Pharmacy, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China
| | - Xufeng Tao
- Department of Pharmacy, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China.
| | - Yanwei Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China.
| | - Deshi Dong
- Department of Pharmacy, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China.
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Wang YN, Zhai XY, Wang Z, Gao CL, Mi SC, Tang WL, Fu XM, Li HB, Yue LF, Li PF, Xi SY. Jianpi-Huatan-Huoxue-Anshen formula ameliorates gastrointestinal inflammation and microecological imbalance in chemotherapy-treated mice transplanted with H22 hepatocellular carcinoma. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2024; 16:4209-4231. [DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v16.i10.4209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Revised: 08/06/2024] [Accepted: 09/03/2024] [Indexed: 09/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Jianpi-Huatan-Huoxue-Anshen formula [Tzu-Chi cancer-antagonizing & life-protecting II decoction (TCCL)] is a Chinese medical formula that has been clinically shown to reduce the gastrointestinal side effects of chemotherapy in cancer patients and improve their quality of life. However, its effect and mechanism on the intestinal microecology after chemotherapy are not yet clear.
AIM To discover the potential mechanisms of TCCL on gastrointestinal inflammation and microecological imbalance in chemotherapy-treated mice transplanted with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
METHODS Ninety-six mice were inoculated subcutaneously with HCC cells. One week later, the mice received a large dose of 5-fluorouracil by intraperitoneal injection to establish a HCC chemotherapy model. Thirty-six mice were randomly selected before administration, and feces, ileal tissue, and ileal contents were collected from each mouse. The remaining mice were randomized into normal saline, continuous chemotherapy, Yangzheng Xiaoji capsules-treated, and three TCCL-treated groups. After treatment, feces, tumors, liver, spleen, thymus, stomach, jejunum, ileum, and colon tissues, and ileal contents were collected. Morphological changes, serum levels of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-22, TNF-α, and TGF-β, intestinal SIgA, and protein and mRNA expression of ZO-1, NF-κB, Occludin, MUC-2, Claudin-1, and IκB-α in colon tissues were documented. The effect of TCCL on the abundance and diversity of intestinal flora was analyzed using 16S rDNA sequencing.
RESULTS TCCL treatment improved thymus and spleen weight, thymus and spleen indexes, and body weight, decreased tumor volumes and tumor tissue cell density, and alleviated injury to gastric, ileal, and colonic mucosal tissues. Among proteins and genes associated with inflammation, IL-10, TGF-β, SIgA, ZO-1, MUC-2, and Occludin were upregulated, whereas NF-κB, IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, IL-22, IL-8, and IκB-α were downregulated. Additionally, TCCL increased the proportions of fecal Actinobacteria, AF12, Adlercreutzia, Clostridium, Coriobacteriaceae, and Paraprevotella in the intermediate stage of treatment, decreased the proportions of Mucipirillum, Odoribacter, RF32, YS2, and Rikenellaceae but increased the proportions of p_Deferribacteres and Lactobacillus at the end of treatment. Studies on ileal mucosal microbiota showed similar findings. Moreover, TCCL improved community richness, evenness, and the diversity of fecal and ileal mucosal flora.
CONCLUSION TCCL relieves pathological changes in tumor tissue and chemotherapy-induced gastrointestinal injury, potentially by reducing the release of pro-inflammatory factors to repair the gastrointestinal mucosa, enhancing intestinal barrier function, and maintaining gastrointestinal microecological balance. Hence, TCCL is a very effective adjuvant to chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Nan Wang
- Department of TCM, Xiang’an Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, Fujian Province, China
| | - Xiang-Yang Zhai
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 999078, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Department of TCM, Xiang’an Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, Fujian Province, China
| | - Chun-Ling Gao
- Department of Radiotherapy, Chenggong Hospital of Xiamen University, PLA 73rd Army Hospital, Xiamen 361003, Fujian Province, China
| | - Sui-Cai Mi
- Department of Oncology, Xiamen Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xiamen 361015, Fujian Province, China
| | - Wen-Li Tang
- Department of TCM, Xiang’an Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, Fujian Province, China
| | - Xue-Min Fu
- Department of TCM, Xiang’an Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, Fujian Province, China
| | - Huai-Bang Li
- Department of TCM, Xiang’an Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, Fujian Province, China
| | - Li-Feng Yue
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Peng-Fei Li
- Department of TCM, Xiang’an Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, Fujian Province, China
| | - Sheng-Yan Xi
- Department of TCM, Xiang’an Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, Fujian Province, China
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Sun W, Zhang Y, Guo R, Sha S, Chen C, Ullah H, Zhang Y, Ma J, You W, Meng J, Lv Q, Cheng L, Fan S, Li R, Mu X, Li S, Yan Q. A population-scale analysis of 36 gut microbiome studies reveals universal species signatures for common diseases. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes 2024; 10:96. [PMID: 39349486 PMCID: PMC11442664 DOI: 10.1038/s41522-024-00567-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 09/15/2024] [Indexed: 10/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiome has been implicated in various human diseases, though findings across studies have shown considerable variability. In this study, we reanalyzed 6314 publicly available fecal metagenomes from 36 case-control studies on different diseases to investigate microbial diversity and disease-shared signatures. Using a unified analysis pipeline, we observed reduced microbial diversity in many diseases, while some exhibited increased diversity. Significant alterations in microbial communities were detected across most diseases. A meta-analysis identified 277 disease-associated gut species, including numerous opportunistic pathogens enriched in patients and a depletion of beneficial microbes. A random forest classifier based on these signatures achieved high accuracy in distinguishing diseased individuals from controls (AUC = 0.776) and high-risk patients from controls (AUC = 0.825), and it also performed well in external cohorts. These results offer insights into the gut microbiome's role in common diseases in the Chinese population and will guide personalized disease management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Sun
- Centre for Translational Medicine, Shenzhen Bao'an Chinese Medicine Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, 518000, China
- Key Laboratory of Health Cultivation of the Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Puensum Genetech Institute, Wuhan, 430076, China
| | - Ruochun Guo
- Puensum Genetech Institute, Wuhan, 430076, China
| | - Shanshan Sha
- Department of Microbiology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Changming Chen
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, 550001, China
| | - Hayan Ullah
- Department of Microbiology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Jie Ma
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Wei You
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100010, China
| | - Jinxin Meng
- Puensum Genetech Institute, Wuhan, 430076, China
| | - Qingbo Lv
- Puensum Genetech Institute, Wuhan, 430076, China
| | - Lin Cheng
- Department of Microbiology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Shao Fan
- Department of Microbiology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Rui Li
- Department of Microbiology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Xiaohong Mu
- Department Orthopedics, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, China.
| | - Shenghui Li
- Puensum Genetech Institute, Wuhan, 430076, China.
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Hubei Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine for Neurodegenerative Disease, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Qiulong Yan
- Department of Microbiology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China.
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Luo Z, Liu Y, Wang X, Fan F, Yang Z, Luo D. Exploring tryptophan metabolism: The transition from disturbed balance to diagnostic and therapeutic potential in metabolic diseases. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 230:116554. [PMID: 39332693 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2024] [Revised: 09/04/2024] [Accepted: 09/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/29/2024]
Abstract
The rapidly rising prevalence of metabolic diseases has turned them into an escalating global health concern. By producing or altering metabolic products, the gut microbiota plays a pivotal role in maintaining human health and influencing disease development. These metabolites originate from the host itself or the external environment. In the system of interactions between microbes and the host, tryptophan (Trp) plays a central role in metabolic processes. As the amino acid in the human body that must be obtained through dietary intake, it is crucial for various physiological functions. Trp can be metabolized in the gut into three main products: The gut microbiota regulates the transformation of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT, serotonin), kynurenine (Kyn), and various indole derivatives. It has been revealed that a substantial correlation exists between alterations in Trp metabolism and the initiation and progression of metabolic disorders, including obesity, diabetes, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and atherosclerosis, but Trp metabolites have not been comprehensively reviewed in metabolic diseases. As such, this review summarizes and analyzes the latest research, emphasizing the importance of further studying Trp metabolism within the gut microbiota to understand and treat metabolic diseases. This carries potential significance for improving human health and may introduce new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhizhong Luo
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, China; Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yuqing Liu
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, China; Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, China; Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Faxin Fan
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, China; Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhenzhen Yang
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, China; Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Duosheng Luo
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, China; Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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5
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Lee YH, Lee JH, Jeon SM, Park IK, Jang HB, Kim SA, Park SD, Shim JJ, Hong SS, Lee JH. The Effect of Organic Vegetable Mixed Juice on Blood Circulation and Intestine Flora: Randomized, Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial. Diseases 2024; 12:223. [PMID: 39329892 PMCID: PMC11431145 DOI: 10.3390/diseases12090223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2024] [Revised: 09/09/2024] [Accepted: 09/11/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological evidence suggests that fruit and vegetable intake significantly positively affects cardiovascular health. Since vegetable juice is more accessible than raw vegetables, it attracts attention as a health functional food for circulatory diseases. Therefore, this study measured blood lipids, antioxidants, blood circulation indicators, and changes in the microbiome to confirm the effect of organic vegetable mixed juice (OVJ) on improving blood circulation. This 4-week, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled study involved adult men and women with borderline total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels. As a result, blood lipid profile indicators, such as TC, triglycerides, LDL cholesterol, and apolipoprotein B, decreased (p < 0.05) in the OVJ group compared with those in the placebo group. Additionally, the antioxidant biomarker superoxide dismutase increased (p < 0.05). In contrast, systolic and diastolic blood viscosities, as blood circulation-related biomarkers, decreased (p < 0.05) in the OVJ group compared with those in the placebo group. After the intervention, a fecal microbiome analysis confirmed differences due to changes in the intestinal microbiome composition between the OVJ and placebo groups. In conclusion, our research results confirmed that consuming OVJ improves blood circulation by affecting the blood lipid profile, antioxidant enzymes, and microbiome changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Ha Lee
- R&BD Center, Hy Co., Ltd., 22, Giheungdanji-ro 24beon-gil, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si 17086, Republic of Korea; (Y.-H.L.); (J.-H.L.); (S.-M.J.); (I.-K.P.); (H.-B.J.); (S.-A.K.); (S.-D.P.); (J.-J.S.)
| | - Jae-Ho Lee
- R&BD Center, Hy Co., Ltd., 22, Giheungdanji-ro 24beon-gil, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si 17086, Republic of Korea; (Y.-H.L.); (J.-H.L.); (S.-M.J.); (I.-K.P.); (H.-B.J.); (S.-A.K.); (S.-D.P.); (J.-J.S.)
| | - Soo-Min Jeon
- R&BD Center, Hy Co., Ltd., 22, Giheungdanji-ro 24beon-gil, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si 17086, Republic of Korea; (Y.-H.L.); (J.-H.L.); (S.-M.J.); (I.-K.P.); (H.-B.J.); (S.-A.K.); (S.-D.P.); (J.-J.S.)
| | - Il-Kyu Park
- R&BD Center, Hy Co., Ltd., 22, Giheungdanji-ro 24beon-gil, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si 17086, Republic of Korea; (Y.-H.L.); (J.-H.L.); (S.-M.J.); (I.-K.P.); (H.-B.J.); (S.-A.K.); (S.-D.P.); (J.-J.S.)
| | - Hyun-Bin Jang
- R&BD Center, Hy Co., Ltd., 22, Giheungdanji-ro 24beon-gil, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si 17086, Republic of Korea; (Y.-H.L.); (J.-H.L.); (S.-M.J.); (I.-K.P.); (H.-B.J.); (S.-A.K.); (S.-D.P.); (J.-J.S.)
| | - Soo-A Kim
- R&BD Center, Hy Co., Ltd., 22, Giheungdanji-ro 24beon-gil, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si 17086, Republic of Korea; (Y.-H.L.); (J.-H.L.); (S.-M.J.); (I.-K.P.); (H.-B.J.); (S.-A.K.); (S.-D.P.); (J.-J.S.)
| | - Soo-Dong Park
- R&BD Center, Hy Co., Ltd., 22, Giheungdanji-ro 24beon-gil, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si 17086, Republic of Korea; (Y.-H.L.); (J.-H.L.); (S.-M.J.); (I.-K.P.); (H.-B.J.); (S.-A.K.); (S.-D.P.); (J.-J.S.)
| | - Jae-Jung Shim
- R&BD Center, Hy Co., Ltd., 22, Giheungdanji-ro 24beon-gil, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si 17086, Republic of Korea; (Y.-H.L.); (J.-H.L.); (S.-M.J.); (I.-K.P.); (H.-B.J.); (S.-A.K.); (S.-D.P.); (J.-J.S.)
| | - Seong-Soo Hong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Vievis Namuh Hospital, 627, Nonhyeon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06117, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hwan Lee
- R&BD Center, Hy Co., Ltd., 22, Giheungdanji-ro 24beon-gil, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si 17086, Republic of Korea; (Y.-H.L.); (J.-H.L.); (S.-M.J.); (I.-K.P.); (H.-B.J.); (S.-A.K.); (S.-D.P.); (J.-J.S.)
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6
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Phuong-Nguyen K, McGee SL, Aston-Mourney K, Mcneill BA, Mahmood MQ, Rivera LR. Yoyo Dieting, Post-Obesity Weight Loss, and Their Relationship with Gut Health. Nutrients 2024; 16:3170. [PMID: 39339770 PMCID: PMC11435324 DOI: 10.3390/nu16183170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2024] [Revised: 09/13/2024] [Accepted: 09/18/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Excessive body weight is associated with many chronic metabolic diseases and weight loss, so far, remains the gold standard treatment. However, despite tremendous efforts exploring optimal treatments for obesity, many individuals find losing weight and maintaining a healthy body weight difficult. Weight loss is often not sustainable resulting in weight regain and subsequent efforts to lose weight. This cyclic pattern of weight loss and regain is termed "yoyo dieting" and predisposes individuals to obesity and metabolic comorbidities. How yoyo dieting might worsen obesity complications during the weight recurrence phase remains unclear. In particular, there is limited data on the role of the gut microbiome in yoyo dieting. Gut health distress, especially gut inflammation and microbiome perturbation, is strongly associated with metabolic dysfunction and disturbance of energy homeostasis in obesity. In this review, we summarise current evidence of the crosstalk between the gastrointestinal system and energy balance, and the effects of yoyo dieting on gut inflammation and gut microbiota reshaping. Finally, we focus on the potential effects of post-dieting weight loss in improving gut health and identify current knowledge gaps within the field, including gut-derived peptide hormones and their potential suitability as targets to combat weight regain, and how yoyo dieting and associated changes in the microbiome affect the gut barrier and the enteric nervous system, which largely remain to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Phuong-Nguyen
- Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation (IMPACT), School of Medicine, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, VIC 3216, Australia
| | - Sean L McGee
- Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation (IMPACT), School of Medicine, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, VIC 3216, Australia
| | - Kathryn Aston-Mourney
- Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation (IMPACT), School of Medicine, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, VIC 3216, Australia
| | - Bryony A Mcneill
- Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation (IMPACT), School of Medicine, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, VIC 3216, Australia
| | - Malik Q Mahmood
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, VIC 3216, Australia
| | - Leni R Rivera
- Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation (IMPACT), School of Medicine, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, VIC 3216, Australia
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Kossiva L, Kakleas K, Christodouli F, Soldatou A, Karanasios S, Karavanaki K. Chronic Use of Artificial Sweeteners: Pros and Cons. Nutrients 2024; 16:3162. [PMID: 39339762 PMCID: PMC11435027 DOI: 10.3390/nu16183162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2024] [Revised: 09/09/2024] [Accepted: 09/11/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Over the past few decades, the scientific community has been highly concerned about the obesity epidemic. Artificial sweeteners are compounds that mimic the sweet taste of sugar but have no calories or carbohydrates; hence, they are very popular among patients suffering from diabetes or obesity, aiming to achieve glycemic and/or weight control. There are four different types of sweeteners: artificial, natural, rare sugars, and polyols. Artificial and natural sweeteners are characterized as non-nutritional sweeteners (NNSs) since they do not contain calories. The extended use of sweeteners has been reported to have a favorable impact on body weight and glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and on tooth decay prevention. However, there is concern regarding their side effects. Several studies have associated artificial sweeteners' consumption with the development of insulin resistance, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), gastrointestinal symptoms, and certain types of cancer. The present review focuses on the description of different types of sweeteners and the benefits and possible deleterious effects of the chronic consumption of NNSs on children's health. Additionally, possible underlying mechanisms of the unfavorable effects of NNSs on human health are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia Kossiva
- Diabetes and Metabolism Clinic, 2nd Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "P&A Kyriakou" Children's Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Kostas Kakleas
- 1st Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "Agia Sophia" Children's Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Foteini Christodouli
- Diabetes and Metabolism Clinic, 2nd Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "P&A Kyriakou" Children's Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Alexandra Soldatou
- Diabetes and Metabolism Clinic, 2nd Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "P&A Kyriakou" Children's Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Spyridon Karanasios
- Diabetes and Metabolism Clinic, 2nd Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "P&A Kyriakou" Children's Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Kyriaki Karavanaki
- Diabetes and Metabolism Clinic, 2nd Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "P&A Kyriakou" Children's Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece
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Guraka A, Duff R, Waldron J, Tripathi G, Kermanizadeh A. Co-Culture of Gut Bacteria and Metabolite Extraction Using Fast Vacuum Filtration and Centrifugation. Methods Protoc 2024; 7:74. [PMID: 39311375 PMCID: PMC11417889 DOI: 10.3390/mps7050074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2024] [Revised: 09/13/2024] [Accepted: 09/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/26/2024] Open
Abstract
This protocol describes a robust method for the extraction of intra and extracellular metabolites of gut bacterial mono and co-cultures. In recent years, the co-culture techniques employed in the field of microbiology have demonstrated significant importance in regard to understanding cell-cell interactions, cross-feeding, and the metabolic interactions between different bacteria, fungi, and microbial consortia which enable the mimicking of complex co-habitant conditions. This protocol highlights a robust reproducible physiologically relevant culture and extraction protocol for the co-culture of gut bacterium. The novel extraction steps are conducted without using quenching and cell disruption through bead-cell methods, freeze-thaw cycles, and sonication, which tend to affect the physical and biochemical properties of intracellular metabolites and secretome. The extraction procedure of inoculated bacterial co-cultures and monocultures use fast vacuum filtration and centrifugation. The extraction methodology is fast, effective, and robust, requiring 4 h to complete.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asha Guraka
- College of Science and Engineering, University of Derby, Derby DE22 1GB, UK
| | - Richard Duff
- College of Science and Engineering, University of Derby, Derby DE22 1GB, UK
| | - Joe Waldron
- College of Science and Engineering, University of Derby, Derby DE22 1GB, UK
| | - Gyanendra Tripathi
- School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham NG1 4BU, UK;
| | - Ali Kermanizadeh
- College of Science and Engineering, University of Derby, Derby DE22 1GB, UK
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Soldán M, Argalášová Ľ, Hadvinová L, Galileo B, Babjaková J. The Effect of Dietary Types on Gut Microbiota Composition and Development of Non-Communicable Diseases: A Narrative Review. Nutrients 2024; 16:3134. [PMID: 39339734 PMCID: PMC11434870 DOI: 10.3390/nu16183134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2024] [Revised: 09/14/2024] [Accepted: 09/15/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The importance of diet in shaping the gut microbiota is well established and may help improve an individual's overall health. Many other factors, such as genetics, age, exercise, antibiotic therapy, or tobacco use, also play a role in influencing gut microbiota. AIM This narrative review summarizes how three distinct dietary types (plant-based, Mediterranean, and Western) affect the composition of gut microbiota and the development of non-communicable diseases (NCDs). METHODS A comprehensive literature search was conducted using the PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases, focusing on the keywords "dietary pattern", "gut microbiota" and "dysbiosis". RESULTS Both plant-based and Mediterranean diets have been shown to promote the production of beneficial bacterial metabolites, such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), while simultaneously lowering concentrations of trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO), a molecule associated with negative health outcomes. Additionally, they have a positive impact on microbial diversity and therefore are generally considered healthy dietary types. On the other hand, the Western diet is a typical example of an unhealthy nutritional approach leading to an overgrowth of pathogenic bacteria, where TMAO levels rise and SCFA production drops due to gut dysbiosis. CONCLUSION The current scientific literature consistently highlights the superiority of plant-based and Mediterranean dietary types over the Western diet in promoting gut health and preventing NCDs. Understanding the influence of diet on gut microbiota modulation may pave the way for novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ľubica Argalášová
- Institute of Hygiene, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Špitálska 24, 813 72 Bratislava, Slovakia; (M.S.); (L.H.); (B.G.); (J.B.)
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10
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Vinogradova E, Mukhanbetzhanov N, Nurgaziyev M, Jarmukhanov Z, Aipova R, Sailybayeva A, Bekbossynova M, Kozhakhmetov S, Kushugulova A. Impact of urbanization on gut microbiome mosaics across geographic and dietary contexts. mSystems 2024:e0058524. [PMID: 39287374 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00585-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 08/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024] Open
Abstract
This study provides a comprehensive assessment of how urban-rural divides influence gut microbial diversity and composition across the distinct geographical landscapes of Kazakhstan, elucidating the intricate interplay between lifestyle, environment, and gut microbiome. In this prospective cohort study, we enrolled 651 participants from urban centers and rural settlements across Kazakhstan, following ethical approval and informed consent. Comprehensive demographic, dietary, and stool sample data were collected. 16S rRNA gene sequencing and shotgun metagenomics techniques were employed to delineate the intricate patterns of the gut microbiome. A rigorous statistical framework dissected the interplay between urbanization gradients, geography, dietary lifestyles, and microbial dynamics. Our findings demonstrate a stark microbial divide between urban and rural gut ecosystems. The study found significant differences in gut microbiome diversity and composition between urban and rural populations in Kazakhstan. Urban microbiomes exhibited reduced diversity, higher Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratios, and increased prevalence of genera Coprococcus and Parasutterella. In contrast, rural populations had greater microbial diversity and abundance of Ligilactobacillus, Sutterella, and Paraprevotella. Urbanization also influenced dietary patterns, with urban areas consuming more salt, cholesterol, and protein, while rural areas had diets richer in carbohydrates and fiber. The study also identified distinct patterns in the prevalence of antibiotic resistance genes and virulence factors between urban and rural gut microbiomes. This study sheds light on how urbanization may be deeply involved in shaping the intricate mosaic of the gut microbiome across Kazakhstan's diverse geographical and dietary landscapes, underscoring the complex interplay between environmental exposures, dietary lifestyles, and the microbial residents inhabiting our intestines. IMPORTANCE The study examined gut microbiome composition across diverse geographical locations in Kazakhstan, spanning urban centers and rural settlements. This allows for thoroughly investigating how urbanization gradients and geographic factors shape the gut microbiome. The study's examination of the gut resistome and prevalence of virulence-associated genes provide essential insights into the public health implications of urbanization-driven microbiome alterations. Collecting comprehensive demographic, dietary, and stool sample data enables the researchers to better understand the relationships between urbanization, nutritional patterns, and gut microbiome composition. The findings have important implications for understanding how urbanization-driven microbiome changes may impact human health and well-being, paving the way for tailored interventions to restore a balanced gut microbial ecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizaveta Vinogradova
- Center for Life Sciences, National Laboratory Astana, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | | | - Madiyar Nurgaziyev
- Center for Life Sciences, National Laboratory Astana, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Zharkyn Jarmukhanov
- Center for Life Sciences, National Laboratory Astana, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Rakhilya Aipova
- Kazakh Research Institute of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry named after U.Uspanov, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | | | | | - Samat Kozhakhmetov
- Center for Life Sciences, National Laboratory Astana, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Almagul Kushugulova
- Center for Life Sciences, National Laboratory Astana, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan
- JSC "National Research Cardiac Surgery Center", Astana, Kazakhstan
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Zhang K, Zhang Q, Qiu H, Ma Y, Hou N, Zhang J, Kan C, Han F, Sun X, Shi J. The complex link between the gut microbiome and obesity-associated metabolic disorders: Mechanisms and therapeutic opportunities. Heliyon 2024; 10:e37609. [PMID: 39290267 PMCID: PMC11407058 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e37609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2024] [Revised: 09/05/2024] [Accepted: 09/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Microbial interactions are widespread and important processes that support the link between disease and microbial ecology. The gut microbiota is a major source of microbial stimuli that can have detrimental or beneficial effects on human health. It is also an endocrine organ that maintains energy homeostasis and host immunity. Obesity is a highly and increasingly prevalent metabolic disease and the leading cause of preventable death worldwide. An imbalance in the gut microbiome is associated with several diseases including obesity-related metabolic disorders. This review summarizes the complex association between the gut microbiome and obesity-associated metabolic diseases and validates the role and mechanisms of ecological dysregulation in the gut in obesity-associated metabolic disorders. Therapies that could potentially alleviate obesity-associated metabolic diseases by modulating the gut microbiota are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kexin Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Second Medical University, School of Clinical Medicine, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, China
- Clinical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Second Medical University, School of Clinical Medicine, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Hongyan Qiu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Second Medical University, School of Clinical Medicine, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, China
- Clinical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Yanhui Ma
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Ningning Hou
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Second Medical University, School of Clinical Medicine, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, China
- Clinical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Jingwen Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Second Medical University, School of Clinical Medicine, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, China
- Clinical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Chengxia Kan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Second Medical University, School of Clinical Medicine, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, China
- Clinical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Fang Han
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Second Medical University, School of Clinical Medicine, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, China
- Clinical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, China
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Xiaodong Sun
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Second Medical University, School of Clinical Medicine, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, China
- Clinical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Junfeng Shi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Second Medical University, School of Clinical Medicine, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, China
- Clinical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, China
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Kwack DW, Lee S, Lee DH, Kim DW. Changes in gut microbiome can be associated with abrupt seizure exacerbation in epilepsy patients. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2024; 246:108556. [PMID: 39299008 DOI: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2024.108556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2024] [Revised: 09/12/2024] [Accepted: 09/14/2024] [Indexed: 09/22/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Seizures can be triggered by a variety of endogenous or exogenous factors. We hypothesized that alterations in the gut microbiome may be a seizure precipitant and analyzed the composition and characteristics of the gut microbiome in epilepsy patients who experienced an abrupt seizure exacerbation without a clear seizure precipitant. METHODS We prospectively enrolled 25 adult patients with epilepsy and collected fecal samples on the admission and after seizure recovery for next-generation sequencing analysis. We performed nonparametric paired t-test analysis to evaluate changes in the gut microbiota as seizures worsened and when it recovered and also estimated alpha and beta diversities in each category. RESULTS A total of 19 patients (13 males) aged between 19 and 78 years (mean 45.2 years) were included in the study. The composition of the gut microbiota underwent a significant change following an abrupt seizure exacerbation. At the phylum level, the relative abundance of Fusobacteria and Synergistetes was decreased in the seizure recovery state compared to the acute seizure exacerbation. A similar trend was observed at the lower hierarchical levels, with a decrease in the relative abundance of Fusobacteria, Tissierellia, and Synergistia at the class level, and that of Synergistales, Tissierellales, and Fusobacteriales at the order level. At the family level, the relative abundance of Fusobacteriaceae and Staphylococcaceae was decreased, whereas that of Leuconostocaceae was increased. No statistical differences were observed in alpha and beta diversity between the pre- and post-acute seizure exacerbation periods. SIGNIFICANCE Our study suggests that the changes in Fusobacteriaceae and Lecuonostocaceae may be associated with acute seizure exacerbation in epilepsy patients. Given that Fusobacteriaceae are associated with various systemic diseases due to their invasive properties and that Leuconostocaceae are known to produce GABA, our results may suggest a gut microbiome-based treatment option for epilepsy patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Won Kwack
- Department of Neurology, Konkuk University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sunghee Lee
- Ildong Pharmaceutical CO., Ltd., Hwaseong, Gyeonggi, South Korea
| | - Dong-Hoon Lee
- Ildong Pharmaceutical CO., Ltd., Hwaseong, Gyeonggi, South Korea
| | - Dong Wook Kim
- Department of Neurology, Konkuk University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea.
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Singh H, Wiscovitch-Russo R, Kuelbs C, Espinoza J, Appel AE, Lyons RJ, Vashee S, Förtsch HEA, Foster JE, Ramdath D, Hayes VM, Nelson KE, Gonzalez-Juarbe N. Multiomic Insights into Human Health: Gut Microbiomes of Hunter-Gatherer, Agropastoral, and Western Urban Populations. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.09.03.611095. [PMID: 39282340 PMCID: PMC11398329 DOI: 10.1101/2024.09.03.611095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/22/2024]
Abstract
Societies with exposure to preindustrial diets exhibit improved markers of health. Our study used a comprehensive multi-omic approach to reveal that the gut microbiome of the Ju/'hoansi hunter-gatherers, one of the most remote KhoeSan groups, exhibit a higher diversity and richness, with an abundance of microbial species lost in the western population. The Ju/'hoansi microbiome showed enhanced global transcription and enrichment of complex carbohydrate metabolic and energy generation pathways. The Ju/'hoansi also show high abundance of short-chain fatty acids that are associated with health and optimal immune function. In contrast, these pathways and their respective species were found in low abundance or completely absent in Western populations. Amino acid and fatty acid metabolism pathways were observed prevalent in the Western population, associated with biomarkers of chronic inflammation. Our study provides the first in-depth multi-omic characterization of the Ju/'hoansi microbiome, revealing uncharacterized species and functional pathways that are associated with health.
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Yanık HD, Akçelik N, Has EG, Akçelik M. Relationship of Salmonella Typhimurium 14028 strain and its dam and seqA mutants with gut microbiota dysbiosis in rats. J Med Microbiol 2024; 73. [PMID: 39329274 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.001893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction. Disruptions in gut microbiota, known as dysbiosis, have been increasingly linked to pathogenic infections, with Salmonella Typhimurium being a notable contributor to these disturbances.Hypothesis. We hypothesize that the S. Typhimurium 14028 WT strain induces significant dysbiosis in the rat gut microbiota and that the dam and seqA genes play crucial roles in this process.Aim. In this study, it was aimed at investigating the dysbiotic activity of the S. Typhimurium 14028 WT strain on the rat gut microbiota and the roles of dam and seqA genes on this activity.Method. Changes in the rat gut microbiota were determined by examining the anal swap samples taken from the experimental groups of these animals using 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing technology.Results. In the experimental groups, the dominant phyla were determined to be Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes (P<0.05). However, while the rate of Bacteroidetes was significantly reduced in those treated with the WT and seqA mutants, no significant difference was observed in the dam mutant compared to the control group (P<0.05). In all experimental animals, the dominant species was determined to be Prevotella copri, regardless of the experiment time and application. The analysis results of the samples taken on the third day from the rat groups infected with the S. Typhimurium 14028 WT strain (W2) presented the most striking data of this study.Conclusion. Through distance analysis, we demonstrated that a successful Salmonella infection completely changes the composition of the microbiota, dramatically reduces species diversity and richness in the microbiota and encourages the growth of opportunistic pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hafize Dilşad Yanık
- Department of Biology, Ankara University, Yenimahalle, 06100, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nefise Akçelik
- Biotechnology Institute, Ankara University, Keçiören, 06135, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Elif Gamze Has
- Department of Biology, Ankara University, Yenimahalle, 06100, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Akçelik
- Department of Biology, Ankara University, Yenimahalle, 06100, Ankara, Turkey
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Qiao B, Xiao N, Deng N, Tan Z. Shenling Baizhu powder attenuates lard diet in a fatigued state-induced diarrhea via targeting microbial metabolites short chain fatty acids-mediated lipid metabolism. 3 Biotech 2024; 14:203. [PMID: 39157421 PMCID: PMC11329475 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-024-04045-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Shenling Baizhu Powder (SLBZP), a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) prescription renowned for its efficacy, is specifically recognized for its therapeutic effects in managing diarrhea associated with spleen qi deficiency. Our previous research has demonstrated that a lard diet in a fatigued state induced diarrhea belonging to spleen qi deficiency in TCM. Through a comprehensive investigation, we aimed to provide insights into the intricate relationship between SLBZP and the modulation of gut microbiota in alleviating symptoms associated with spleen qi deficiency-induced diarrhea. We induced diarrhea in mice by subjecting them to continuous standing on a multiple-platform apparatus while administering lard through intragastric administration for 14 days. Subsequently, we conducted gavage administration of SLBZP at a concentration of 0.637 g/ml for seven days. We observed a therapeutic effect of SLBZP on diarrhea induced by a lard diet in a fatigued state. SLBZP mitigated disorders in lipid metabolism and diminished hepatic oxidative responses. Additionally, SLBZP reversed gut microbiota dysbiosis of diarrheic mice and notably increased the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), primarily acetic acid, butyric acid, and valeric acid. Through correlation analysis, we additionally identified Lactobacillus reuteri and Lactobacillus intestinalis as potentially pivotal species associated with the therapeutic effects of SLBZP. We demonstrated that SLBZP exerts therapeutic effects on diarrhea caused by a lard diet in a fatigued state by repairing the intestinal mucosal barrier, improving lipid metabolism disorders, and regulating gut microbiota and metabolites SCFAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Qiao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Nenqun Xiao
- College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Na Deng
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Zhoujin Tan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
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Li M, Ma S. A review of healthy role of dietary fiber in modulating chronic diseases. Food Res Int 2024; 191:114682. [PMID: 39059940 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Dietary fiber (DF) is considered an interventional diet beneficial for human health. High DF intake effectively reduces the incidence of three major chronic diseases, type 2 diabetes (T2DM), cardiovascular disease (CVD), and colorectal cancer (CRC). The health benefits of DF are closely related to their physicochemical properties with major positive roles in human digestion and intestinal health. However, mechanisms linking DF with diseases remain unclear. The development of genomics, metabolomics, and immunology, and the powerful combination of animal models and clinical trials, have facilitated a better understanding of the relationships between DF and diseases. Accumulating evidence suggests that the physical existence of DF and DF-microbiota interaction are the key parameters controlling the action mechanisms of DF in chronic diseases. Therefore, this review discusses the potential mechanism of DF modulating T2DM, CVD, and CRC, therefore providing a theoretical basis for more effective use of DF to intervene in chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyuan Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Sen Ma
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, China.
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Zheng X, Wang Y, Zhou X, Deng T, Zhao Y, Fu Z, Wei Y, Ma W, Zhang S, Guan W, Chen F. Plant essential oils combined with organic acids restored lipopolysaccharide-induced leaky intestine via gut microbial modulation in weaned piglets. ANIMAL NUTRITION (ZHONGGUO XU MU SHOU YI XUE HUI) 2024; 18:419-432. [PMID: 39309969 PMCID: PMC11415868 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2024.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024]
Abstract
Intestine derived lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is closely related to systemic inflammation and disorders, yet little is known about its roles in the weanling stress of piglets and its potential as a nutritional intervention target. This study aimed to investigate the potential of essential oils (EO) and organic acids (OA) in mitigating weaning stress in piglets by modulating the circulation of intestine derived LPS. Seventy-two weaned piglets at 21 d old with body weight of 8.12 ± 0.168 kg were randomly divided into a control group (CON) and an experimental group, each consisting of six pens with six piglets per pen, and were fed either a basal diet or a basal diet supplemented with 3 kg/t OA + 500 g/t EO (EO + OA). On the 14th day of the feeding trial, 12 weaned piglets were randomly selected from the CON group, and 6 piglets were selected from the experimental group. Based on diet composition and stress treatment, these 18 piglets were divided into the following three groups: 1) CON group. Piglets were fed a basal diet and received an intraperitoneal injection of saline as a control. 2) LPS group. Piglets were fed a basal diet and received an intraperitoneal injection of LPS (100 μg/kg body weight) to induce stress. 3) EO + OA + LPS group. Piglets were fed a basal diet supplemented with EO and OA and received an intraperitoneal injection of LPS (100 μg/kg body weight) to induce stress. The results showed that EO + OA significantly ameliorated the oxidative imbalance and inflammation disorder induced by LPS in piglets' serum and intestine by inhibiting the activation of the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB)/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway. Furthermore, compared to the LPS group, supplementation with EO + OA restored LPS-induced reductions in Bcl-2 protein expression in the piglets' intestines (P < 0.05) and mitigated morphological damage; it also enhanced both the protein expression and relative gene expression of the tight junction proteins occludin and claudin-1 (P < 0.05), and reduced the plasma diamine oxidase activity (DAO) and LPS content (P < 0.05). Compared to the CON group, supplementation with EO + OA altered the composition of the intestinal microbiota, increasing beneficial bacteria relative abundance (Faecalibacterium) (P < 0.05) and decreasing harmful bacteria relative abundance [Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group (P < 0.01), Negativibacillus (P < 0.05)]. Further analysis revealed that plasma LPS content in piglets was negatively correlated with the relative abundance of Faecalibacterium (r = -0.662, P = 0.021), Akkermansia (r = -0.492, P = 0.031), and average daily gain (ADG) (r = -0.912, P = 0.041). Plasma LPS content was also positively correlated with the plasma inflammatory factors interleukin (IL)-1β (r = 0.591, P = 0.021), IL-6 (r = 0.623, P = 0.021), IL-12 (r = 561, P = 0.031) contents, and the relative abundance of Negativibacillus (r = 0.712, P = 0.041). In summary, the addition of EO + OA prevents the leakage of intestine derived LPS into the circulation by improving intestinal integrity and microbiota composition, thereby enhancing antioxidant and anti-inflammatory abilities and growth performance of weaned piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yibo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xuemei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Tanyi Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yueqi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Zhichao Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yulong Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Wen Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Shihai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- College of Animal Science and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Wutai Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- College of Animal Science and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Fang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- College of Animal Science and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
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Pokeerbux MR, Mavingui P, Gérardin P, Agrinier N, Gokalsing E, Meilhac O, Cournot M. A Holistic Approach to Cardiometabolic and Infectious Health in the General Population of Reunion Island: The REUNION Study. J Epidemiol Glob Health 2024; 14:839-846. [PMID: 38564109 PMCID: PMC11442726 DOI: 10.1007/s44197-024-00221-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Reunion Island is a French overseas department in the South West Indian Ocean with a unique multi-ethnic population. Cardiovascular diseases are the most common chronic conditions with higher prevalences of hypertension and diabetes compared to mainland France. Moreover, Reunion Island is particularly exposed to vector-borne diseases such as chikungunya and dengue. Our objective is to describe the prevalence of cardiometabolic and infectious diseases in Reunion Island and explore causal mechanisms linking these diseases. METHODS The REUNION study is an ongoing French prospective study. From January 2022, 2,000 consenting participants (18-68 years old) are being recruited from the general population according to polling lists and random generation of cellphone number. Baseline examination consists of (i) general health examination, assessment of cardiovascular risk factors, markers of subclinical atherosclerosis, bronchial obstruction, neuropathic and autonomic dysfunction, (ii) questionnaires to determine sociodemographic characteristics, diet, exposure to vector-borne diseases, mental health and cognitive functions, social inequalities in health and ethnic origins, (iii) biological sampling for determination of cardiovascular risk factors, seroprevalence of infectious diseases, innovative lipid biomarkers, advanced omics, composition of intestinal, periodontal and skin microbiota, and biobanking. CONCLUSIONS The REUNION study should provide new insights into the prevalence of cardiometabolic and infectious diseases, as well as their potential associations through the examination of various environmental pathways and a wide range of health aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ryadh Pokeerbux
- Université de La Réunion, UMR Diabète Athérothrombose Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), INSERM U1188, Saint-Pierre, La Réunion, 97410, France.
| | - Patrick Mavingui
- Université de La Réunion, UMR Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire et Tropical (PIMIT), CNRS 9192, INSERM U1187, IRD 249, Sainte-Clotilde, La Réunion, 97490, France
| | - Patrick Gérardin
- Plateforme de Recherche Clinique et Translationnelle, INSERM CIC1410, CHU de La Réunion, Saint-Pierre, La Réunion, 97400, France
| | - Nelly Agrinier
- CHRU-Nancy, Université de Lorraine, CIC, Epidémiologie clinique, Inserm, Nancy, F-54000, France
- Université de Lorraine, Inserm, INSPIIRE, Nancy, F-54000, France
| | - Erick Gokalsing
- Etablissement Public de Santé Mentale de La Réunion, 42 chemin du Grand Pourpier, 97866, Saint-Paul Cedex, France
- Laboratoire IRISSE (IngéniéRIe de la Santé, du Sport et de l'Environnement), Université de La Réunion, UFR SHE, Saint Pierre, EA, 4075, France
| | - Olivier Meilhac
- Université de La Réunion, UMR Diabète Athérothrombose Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), INSERM U1188, Saint-Pierre, La Réunion, 97410, France
- Plateforme de Recherche Clinique et Translationnelle, INSERM CIC1410, CHU de La Réunion, Saint-Pierre, La Réunion, 97400, France
| | - Maxime Cournot
- Université de La Réunion, UMR Diabète Athérothrombose Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), INSERM U1188, Saint-Pierre, La Réunion, 97410, France
- Groupe de santé Clinifutur, Clinique Les Orchidées, Le Port, La Réunion, 97420, France
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Liu Z, Bai P, Wang L, Zhu L, Zhu Z, Jiang L. Clostridium tyrobutyricum in Combination with Chito-oligosaccharides Modulate Inflammation and Gut Microbiota for Inflammatory Bowel Disease Treatment. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:18497-18506. [PMID: 39099138 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c03486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
Synbiotics, the combination of probiotics and prebiotics, are thought to be a pragmatic approach for the treatment of various diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The synergistic therapeutic effects of probiotics and prebiotics remain underexplored. Clostridium tyrobutyricum, a short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) producer, has been recognized as a promising probiotic candidate that can offer health benefits. In this study, the treatment effects of synbiotics containing C. tyrobutyricum and chitooligosaccharides (COSs) on IBD were evaluated. The results indicated that the synbiotic supplement effectively relieved inflammation and restored intestinal barrier function. Additionally, the synbiotic supplement could contribute to the elimination of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and improve the production of SCFAs through the SCFAs-producer of C. tyrobutyricum. Furthermore, such the synbiotic could also regulate the composition of gut microbiota. These findings underscore the potential of C. tyrobutyricum and COSs as valuable living biotherapeutics for the treatment of intestinal-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenlei Liu
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Pengfei Bai
- Nanjing Foreign Language School, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Lefei Wang
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Liying Zhu
- College of Chemical and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Zhengming Zhu
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Ling Jiang
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
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20
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Sharma S, Prizment A, Nelson H, Zhang L, Staley C, Poynter JN, Seshadri G, Ellison A, Thyagarajan B. Association between Accelerated Biological Aging, Diet, and Gut Microbiome. Microorganisms 2024; 12:1719. [PMID: 39203561 PMCID: PMC11357197 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12081719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2024] [Revised: 08/15/2024] [Accepted: 08/17/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Factors driving accelerated biological age (BA), an important predictor of chronic diseases, remain poorly understood. This study focuses on the impact of diet and gut microbiome on accelerated BA. Accelerated Klemera-Doubal biological age (KDM-BA) was estimated as the difference between KDM-BA and chronological age. We assessed the cross-sectional association between accelerated KDM-BA and diet/gut microbiome in 117 adult participants from the 10,000 Families Study. 16S rRNA sequencing was used to estimate the abundances of gut bacterial genera. Multivariable linear mixed models evaluated the associations between accelerated KDM-BA and diet/gut microbiome after adjusting for family relatedness, diet, age, sex, smoking status, alcohol intake, and BMI. One standard deviation (SD) increase in processed meat was associated with a 1.91-year increase in accelerated KDM-BA (p = 0.04), while one SD increase in fiber intake was associated with a 0.70-year decrease in accelerated KDM-BA (p = 0.01). Accelerated KDM-BA was positively associated with Streptococcus and negatively associated with Subdoligranulum, unclassified Bacteroidetes, and Burkholderiales. Adjustment for gut microbiome did not change the association between dietary fiber and accelerated KDM-BA, but the association with processed meat intake became nonsignificant. These cross-sectional associations between higher meat intake, lower fiber intake, and accelerated BA need validation in longitudinal studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shweta Sharma
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (S.S.); (A.P.); (G.S.); (A.E.)
- Division of Epidemiology & Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA;
| | - Anna Prizment
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (S.S.); (A.P.); (G.S.); (A.E.)
| | - Heather Nelson
- Division of Epidemiology & Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA;
| | - Lin Zhang
- Division of Biostatistics & Health Data Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA;
| | - Christopher Staley
- Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA;
| | - Jenny N. Poynter
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Epidemiology and Clinical Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA;
| | - Gokul Seshadri
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (S.S.); (A.P.); (G.S.); (A.E.)
| | - Aidan Ellison
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (S.S.); (A.P.); (G.S.); (A.E.)
| | - Bharat Thyagarajan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (S.S.); (A.P.); (G.S.); (A.E.)
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21
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Han Z, Sun J, Jiang B, Chen K, Ge L, Sun Z, Wang A. Fecal microbiota transplantation accelerates restoration of florfenicol-disturbed intestinal microbiota in a fish model. Commun Biol 2024; 7:1006. [PMID: 39152200 PMCID: PMC11329668 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06727-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic-induced dysbiosis in the fish gut causes significant adverse effects. We use fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) to accelerate the restoration of florfenicol-perturbed intestinal microbiota in koi carp, identifying key bacterial populations and metabolites involved in the recovery process through microbiome and metabolome analyses. We demonstrate that florfenicol disrupts intestinal microbiota, reducing beneficial genera such as Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, Bacteroides, Romboutsia, and Faecalibacterium, and causing mucosal injuries. Key metabolites, including aromatic amino acids and glutathione-related compounds, are diminished. We show that FMT effectively restores microbial populations, repairs intestinal damage, and normalizes critical metabolites, while natural recovery is less effective. Spearman correlation analyses reveal strong associations between the identified bacterial genera and the levels of aromatic amino acids and glutathione-related metabolites. This study underscores the potential of FMT to counteract antibiotic-induced dysbiosis and maintain fish intestinal health. The restored microbiota and normalized metabolites provide a basis for developing personalized probiotic therapies for fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoran Han
- Key Laboratory of Smart Breeding (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Aqua-ecology and Aquaculture, Fisheries College, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, China
- College of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jingfeng Sun
- Key Laboratory of Smart Breeding (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, China.
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Aqua-ecology and Aquaculture, Fisheries College, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, China.
| | - Boyun Jiang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Aqua-ecology and Aquaculture, Fisheries College, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, China
| | - Kun Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Aqua-ecology and Aquaculture, Fisheries College, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, China
| | - Lunhua Ge
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Aqua-ecology and Aquaculture, Fisheries College, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhongshi Sun
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Aqua-ecology and Aquaculture, Fisheries College, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, China
| | - Anli Wang
- College of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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22
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Huang P, Zhou Y, Wang S, Qian X, Ren C, Zhou Z. Effects of hydroxychloroquine on the mucosal barrier and gut microbiota during healing of mice colitis. Am J Transl Res 2024; 16:4144-4153. [PMID: 39262712 PMCID: PMC11384370 DOI: 10.62347/ftyj6152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The present study aimed to evaluate the impact of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) on the mucosal barrier and gut microbiota during the healing of mice colitis. METHODS The body weight, colon length, colon Hematoxylin-Eosin (H&E) staining, occult blood in feces and serum inflammatory factor levels were measured to evaluate the function of HCQ on inflammatory process in colitis mice. The Alcian blue staining, immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence and serum FITC-Dextran assay were performed to assess the intestinal mucosal permeability. And the composition and expression differences of intestinal microorganisms in feces were analyzed with 16S rDNA sequencing for exploration of HCQ impact on gut microbiota in colitis. RESULTS The results showed that the administration of HCQ did not significantly alter the body weight, colon length, or fecal occult blood of the mice. However, HCQ treatment did lead to recovery of the structure and morphology of the intestinal mucosa, increased expression of tight junction proteins (E-cadherin and Occludin), decreased permeability of the intestinal mucosal barrier, increased serum IL-10, and decreased level of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). Additionally, HCQ was found to increase the abundance of Euryarchaeota, Lactobacillus_murinus and Clostridium_fusiformis, while decreasing the abundance of Oscillibacter, uncultured_Odoribacter, Bacterioidetes and Muribaculum. CONCLUSIONS These findings support that HCQ plays a role in the treatment of mice colitis possibly by altering the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Huang
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Yan Zhou
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Siyu Wang
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Xin Qian
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Caifang Ren
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Zhengrong Zhou
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, PR China
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23
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Guivala SJ, Bode KA, Okun JG, Kartal E, Schwedhelm E, Pohl LV, Werner S, Erbs S, Thiele H, Büttner P. Interactions between the gut microbiome, associated metabolites and the manifestation and progression of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction in ZSF1 rats. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2024; 23:299. [PMID: 39143579 PMCID: PMC11325580 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-024-02398-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is associated with systemic inflammation, obesity, metabolic syndrome, and gut microbiome changes. Increased trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) levels are predictive for mortality in HFpEF. The TMAO precursor trimethylamine (TMA) is synthesized by the intestinal microbiome, crosses the intestinal barrier and is metabolized to TMAO by hepatic flavin-containing monooxygenases (FMO). The intricate interactions of microbiome alterations and TMAO in relation to HFpEF manifestation and progression are analyzed here. METHODS Healthy lean (L-ZSF1, n = 12) and obese ZSF1 rats with HFpEF (O-ZSF1, n = 12) were studied. HFpEF was confirmed by transthoracic echocardiography, invasive hemodynamic measurements, and detection of N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP). TMAO, carnitine, symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA), and amino acids were measured using mass-spectrometry. The intestinal epithelial barrier was analyzed by immunohistochemistry, in-vitro impedance measurements and determination of plasma lipopolysaccharide via ELISA. Hepatic FMO3 quantity was determined by Western blot. The fecal microbiome at the age of 8, 13 and 20 weeks was assessed using 16s rRNA amplicon sequencing. RESULTS Increased levels of TMAO (+ 54%), carnitine (+ 46%) and the cardiac stress marker NT-proBNP (+ 25%) as well as a pronounced amino acid imbalance were observed in obese rats with HFpEF. SDMA levels in O-ZSF1 were comparable to L-ZSF1, indicating stable kidney function. Anatomy and zonula occludens protein density in the intestinal epithelium remained unchanged, but both impedance measurements and increased levels of LPS indicated an impaired epithelial barrier function. FMO3 was decreased (- 20%) in the enlarged, but histologically normal livers of O-ZSF1. Alpha diversity, as indicated by the Shannon diversity index, was comparable at 8 weeks of age, but decreased by 13 weeks of age, when HFpEF manifests in O-ZSF1. Bray-Curtis dissimilarity (Beta-Diversity) was shown to be effective in differentiating L-ZSF1 from O-ZSF1 at 20 weeks of age. Members of the microbial families Lactobacillaceae, Ruminococcaceae, Erysipelotrichaceae and Lachnospiraceae were significantly differentially abundant in O-ZSF1 and L-ZSF1 rats. CONCLUSIONS In the ZSF1 HFpEF rat model, increased dietary intake is associated with alterations in gut microbiome composition and bacterial metabolites, an impaired intestinal barrier, and changes in pro-inflammatory and health-predictive metabolic profiles. HFpEF as well as its most common comorbidities obesity and metabolic syndrome and the alterations described here evolve in parallel and are likely to be interrelated and mutually reinforcing. Dietary adaption may have a positive impact on all entities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salmina J Guivala
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Pulmonology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Konrad A Bode
- Department Molecular Diagnostics, Laboratory Dr. Limbach and Colleagues, Am Breitspiel 15, 69126, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jürgen G Okun
- Division of Neuropediatrics and Metabolic Medicine, Department of General Pediatrics, University Children's Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ece Kartal
- Faculty of Medicine, and Heidelberg University Hospital, Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Bioquant, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 267, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Edzard Schwedhelm
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Luca V Pohl
- Heart Center Leipzig, University of Leipzig, Strümpellstrasse 89, 04289, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sarah Werner
- Heart Center Leipzig, University of Leipzig, Strümpellstrasse 89, 04289, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sandra Erbs
- Heart Center Leipzig, University of Leipzig, Strümpellstrasse 89, 04289, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Holger Thiele
- Heart Center Leipzig, University of Leipzig, Strümpellstrasse 89, 04289, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Petra Büttner
- Heart Center Leipzig, University of Leipzig, Strümpellstrasse 89, 04289, Leipzig, Germany
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24
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Bellach L, Kautzky-Willer A, Heneis K, Leutner M, Kautzky A. The Effects of Caloric Restriction and Clinical Psychological Intervention on the Interplay of Gut Microbial Composition and Stress in Women. Nutrients 2024; 16:2584. [PMID: 39203721 PMCID: PMC11357322 DOI: 10.3390/nu16162584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2024] [Revised: 07/23/2024] [Accepted: 08/03/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Both mental and metabolic disorders are steadily becoming more prevalent, increasing interest in non-pharmacological lifestyle interventions targeting both types of disorders. However, the combined effect of diet and psychological interventions on the gut microbiome and mental health outcomes remains underexplored. Thus, in this study, we randomized 41 women into two caloric restriction (CR) dietary groups, namely very-low-calorie diet (VLCD) and F.X. Mayr diet (FXM). The patients were then further randomized to either receive clinical psychological intervention (CPI) or no CPI. Blood and fecal samples were collected before and after two weeks of CR. Psychometric outcomes were assessed using the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), Brief Symptom Index (BSI), and Burnout Dimension Inventory (BODI). Stool samples underwent 16S-rRNA sequencing. Upon two weeks of CR, α-diversity decreased overall and longitudinal PERMANOVA models revealed significant shifts in β-diversity according to diet, CPI, age, and body-mass-index. Furthermore, Agathobacter, Fusicatenibacter, and Subdoligranulum decreased in abundance. However, the Oscillibacter genus was enriched solely in FXM. CPI had a negligible effect on the microbiome. Dimension reduction models revealed clusters of taxa which distinctly associated with psychometric outcomes. Members of the Oscillospiraceae family were linked to favorable psychometric outcomes after two weeks of CR. Despite α-diversity reductions after CR, enrichment of Oscillospiraceae spp., solely seen in FXM, correlated with improved psychometric outcomes. This study suggests a promising direction for future interventions targeting mental health through gut microbial modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luise Bellach
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexandra Kautzky-Willer
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Kathrin Heneis
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Leutner
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexander Kautzky
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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25
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Chavan AR, Khardenavis AA. Annotating Multiple Prebiotic Synthesizing Capabilities Through Whole Genome Sequencing of Fusarium Strain HFK-74. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2024; 196:4993-5012. [PMID: 37994978 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-023-04788-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, seven fungal isolates from effluent treatment plants were screened for the production of prebiotic fructooligosaccharide synthesizing enzymes with the highest activity of fructofuranosidase (17.52 U/mL) and fructosyl transferase (18.92 U/mL) in strain HKF-74. Mining of genome sequence of strain revealed the annotation of genes providing multiple carbohydrate metabolizing capacities, such as amylases (AMY1), beta-galactosidase (BGAL), beta-xylosidase (Xyl), β-fructofuranosidase (ScrB), fructosyltransferase (FTF), and maltose hydrolases (malH). The annotated genes were further supported by β-galactosidase (15.90 U/mL), xylanase (17.91 U/mL), and α-amylase (14.05 U/mL) activities for synthesis of galactooligosaccharides, xylooligosaccarides, and maltooligosaccharides, respectively. In addition to genes encoding prebiotic synthesizing enzymes, four biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) including Type I polyketide synthase (PKS), non-ribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS), NRPS-like, and terpene were also predicted in strain HKF-74. This was significant considering their potential role in pharmaceutical and therapeutic applications as well as in virulence. Accurate taxonomic assignment of strain HKF-74 by in silico genomic comparison indicated its closest identity to type strains Fusarium verticillioides NRRL 20984, and 7600. The average nucleotide identity (ANI) of strain HKF-74 with these strains was 92.5% which was close to the species threshold cut-off value (95-96%) while the DNA-DNA hybridization (DDH) value was 83-84% which was greater than both, species delineating (79-80%), and also sub-species delineating (70%) boundaries. Our findings provide a foundation for further research into the use of Fusarium strains and their prebiotic synthesizing enzymes for the development of novel prebiotic supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atul Rajkumar Chavan
- Environmental Biotechnology and Genomics Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nehru Marg, Nagpur, 440020, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Anshuman Arun Khardenavis
- Environmental Biotechnology and Genomics Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nehru Marg, Nagpur, 440020, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
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26
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AlMarzooqi SK, Almarzooqi F, Sadida HQ, Jerobin J, Ahmed I, Abou-Samra AB, Fakhro KA, Dhawan P, Bhat AA, Al-Shabeeb Akil AS. Deciphering the complex interplay of obesity, epithelial barrier dysfunction, and tight junction remodeling: Unraveling potential therapeutic avenues. Obes Rev 2024; 25:e13766. [PMID: 38745386 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Obesity stands as a formidable global health challenge, predisposing individuals to a plethora of chronic illnesses such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and cancer. A confluence of genetic polymorphisms, suboptimal dietary choices, and sedentary lifestyles significantly contribute to the elevated incidence of obesity. This multifaceted health issue profoundly disrupts homeostatic equilibrium at both organismal and cellular levels, with marked alterations in gut permeability as a salient consequence. The intricate mechanisms underlying these alterations have yet to be fully elucidated. Still, evidence suggests that heightened inflammatory cytokine levels and the remodeling of tight junction (TJ) proteins, particularly claudins, play a pivotal role in the manifestation of epithelial barrier dysfunction in obesity. Strategic targeting of proteins implicated in these pathways and metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids presents a promising intervention for restoring barrier functionality among individuals with obesity. Nonetheless, recognizing the heterogeneity among affected individuals is paramount; personalized medical interventions or dietary regimens tailored to specific genetic backgrounds and allergy profiles may prove indispensable. This comprehensive review delves into the nexus of obesity, tight junction remodeling, and barrier dysfunction, offering a critical appraisal of potential therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara K AlMarzooqi
- Department of Human Genetics-Precision Medicine in Diabetes, Obesity and Cancer Research Program, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Fajr Almarzooqi
- Department of Human Genetics-Precision Medicine in Diabetes, Obesity and Cancer Research Program, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Hana Q Sadida
- Department of Human Genetics-Precision Medicine in Diabetes, Obesity and Cancer Research Program, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Jayakumar Jerobin
- Qatar Metabolic Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ikhlak Ahmed
- Department of Human Genetics-Precision Medicine in Diabetes, Obesity and Cancer Research Program, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Abdul-Badi Abou-Samra
- Qatar Metabolic Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Khalid A Fakhro
- Department of Human Genetics, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Punita Dhawan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Ajaz A Bhat
- Department of Human Genetics-Precision Medicine in Diabetes, Obesity and Cancer Research Program, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ammira S Al-Shabeeb Akil
- Department of Human Genetics-Precision Medicine in Diabetes, Obesity and Cancer Research Program, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
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27
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Saragiotto GK, de Oliveira LFV, Scharlack NK, de Oliveira MM, Freire FC, Simabuco FM, Sivieri K, Sartoratto A, Belli T, Antunes AEC. Effects of a 217-km mountain ultramarathon on the gut microbiota of an obese runner: A case report. Physiol Rep 2024; 12:e70017. [PMID: 39174872 PMCID: PMC11341271 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.70017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2024] [Revised: 08/13/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity is characterized by specific changes in the composition of the gut microbiota (GM). Exercise can contribute to the modulation of GM. This is the first case study to analyze the composition and metabolism of the GM of an obese runner in a single-stage mountain ultramarathon (MUM) with a mileage of 217 km. Fecal samples were collected 7 days before the race (T0), 15 min after the end of the race (T1), and 7 days after the end of the race (T2). GM composition was analyzed by real-time PCR and shotgun sequencing. We observed a decrease in Bacillota/Bacteroidota ratio and α-diversity after the race. After the 217-km MUM, we observed a decrease in symbiont microorganisms and a notable increase in harmful bacteria. In conclusion, we found that the 217-km MUM may have contributed to the intestinal dysbiosis of the obese runner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulio Kai Saragiotto
- Faculdade de Ciências AplicadasUniversidade Estadual de Campinas (FCA/UNICAMP)LimeiraSão PauloBrazil
| | | | - Nayara Kastem Scharlack
- Faculdade de Ciências AplicadasUniversidade Estadual de Campinas (FCA/UNICAMP)LimeiraSão PauloBrazil
| | | | - Fernanda Campos Freire
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University of São Paulo “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” (UNESP)AraraquaraSão PauloBrazil
| | - Fernando Moreira Simabuco
- Faculdade de Ciências AplicadasUniversidade Estadual de Campinas (FCA/UNICAMP)LimeiraSão PauloBrazil
- Departamento de BioquímicaUniversidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)São PauloSão PauloBrazil
| | - Katia Sivieri
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University of São Paulo “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” (UNESP)AraraquaraSão PauloBrazil
| | - Adilson Sartoratto
- Centro Pluridisciplinar de Pesquisas QuímicasBiológicas e Agrícolas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (CPQBA/UNICAMP)PaulíniaSão PauloBrazil
| | - Taisa Belli
- Faculdade de Ciências AplicadasUniversidade Estadual de Campinas (FCA/UNICAMP)LimeiraSão PauloBrazil
- Departamento de Ciências do EsporteFaculdade de Educação Física, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (FEF/UNICAMP)CampinasSão PauloBrazil
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28
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Zhang W, Wang X, Yin S, Wang Y, Li Y, Ding Y. Improvement of functional dyspepsia with Suaeda salsa (L.) Pall via regulating brain-gut peptide and gut microbiota structure. Eur J Nutr 2024; 63:1929-1944. [PMID: 38703229 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-024-03401-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The traditional Chinese herbal medicine Suaeda salsa (L.) Pall (S. salsa) with a digesting food effect was taken as the research object, and its chemical composition and action mechanism were explored. METHODS The chemical constituents of S. salsa were isolated and purified by column chromatography, and their structures were characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance. The food accumulation model in mice was established, and the changes of the aqueous extract of S. salsa in gastric emptying and intestinal propulsion rate, colonic tissue lesions, serum brain-gut peptide hormone, colonic tissue protein expression, and gut microbiota structure were compared. RESULTS Ten compounds were isolated from S. salsa named as naringenin (1), hesperetin (2), baicalein (3), luteolin (4), isorhamnetin (5), taxifolin (6), isorhamnetin-3-O-β-D-glucoside (7), luteolin-3'-D-glucuronide (8), luteolin-7-O-β-D-glucuronide (9), and quercetin-3-O-β-D-glucuronide (10), respectively. The aqueous extract of S. salsa can improve the pathological changes of the mice colon and intestinal peristalsis by increasing the rate of gastric emptying and intestinal propulsion. By adjusting the levels of 5-HT, CCK, NT, SS, VIP, GT-17, CHE, MTL, and ghrelin, it can upregulate the levels of c-kit, SCF, and GHRL protein, and restore the imbalanced structure of gut microbiota, further achieve the purpose of treating the syndrome of indigestion. The effect is better with the increase of dose. CONCLUSION S. salsa has a certain therapeutic effect on mice with the syndrome of indigestion. From the perspective of "brain-gut-gut microbiota", the mechanism of digestion and accumulation of S. salsa was discussed for the first time, which provided an experimental basis for further exploring the material basis of S. salsa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, Jilin, China
| | - Xueyu Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, Jilin, China
| | - Shuanghui Yin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, Jilin, China
| | - Ye Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, Jilin, China
| | - Yong Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, Jilin, China
| | - Yuling Ding
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, Jilin, China.
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Dou L, Peng Y, Zhang B, Yang H, Zheng K. Immune Remodeling during Aging and the Clinical Significance of Immunonutrition in Healthy Aging. Aging Dis 2024; 15:1588-1601. [PMID: 37815906 PMCID: PMC11272210 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2023.0923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is associated with changes in the immune system and the gut microbiota. Immunosenescence may lead to a low-grade, sterile chronic inflammation in a multifactorial and dynamic way, which plays a critical role in most age-related diseases. Age-related changes in the gut microbiota also shape the immune and inflammatory responses. Nutrition is a determinant of immune function and of the gut microbiota. Immunonutrion has been regarded as a new strategy for disease prevention and management, including many age-related diseases. However, the understanding of the cause-effect relationship is required to be more certain about the role of immunonutrition in supporting the immune homeostasis and its clinical relevance in elderly individuals. Herein, we review the remarkable quantitative and qualitative changes during aging that contribute to immunosenescence, inflammaging and microbial dysbiosis, and the effects on late-life health conditions. Furthermore, we discuss the clinical significance of immunonutrition in the treatment of age-related diseases by systematically reviewing its modulation of the immune system and the gut microbiota to clarify the effect of immunonutrition-based interventions on the healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Dou
- Department of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical college, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
- Department of Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical college, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
| | - Yang Peng
- Department of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical college, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical college, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
| | - Huiyuan Yang
- Department of Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical college, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
| | - Kai Zheng
- Department of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical college, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
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Zugman M, Wong M, Jaime-Casas S, Pal SK. The gut microbiome and dietary metabolites in the treatment of renal cell carcinoma. Urol Oncol 2024:S1078-1439(24)00540-4. [PMID: 39095306 DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2024.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
The gut microbiome is interlinked with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and its response to systemic treatment. Mounting data suggests that certain elements of the gut microbiome may correlate with improved outcomes. New generation sequencing techniques and advanced bioinformatic data curation are accelerating the investigation of specific markers and metabolites that could predict treatment response. A variety of new therapeutic strategies, such as fecal microbiota transplantation, probiotic supplements, and dietary interventions, are currently being developed to modify the gut microbiome and improve anticancer therapies in patients with RCC. This review discusses the preliminary evidence indicating the role of the microbiome in cancer treatment, the techniques and tools necessary for its proper study and some of the current forms with which the microbiome can be modulated to improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Zugman
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA; Centro de Oncologia e Hematologia Família Dayan-Daycoval Einstein, Hospital Israelita Albert, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Megan Wong
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA
| | - Salvador Jaime-Casas
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA
| | - Sumanta K Pal
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA.
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31
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Flynn JK, Ortiz AM, Vujkovic-Cvijin I, Welles HC, Simpson J, Castello Casta FM, Yee DS, Rahmberg AR, Brooks KL, De Leon M, Knodel S, Birse K, Noel-Romas L, Deewan A, Belkaid Y, Burgener A, Brenchley JM. Translocating bacteria in SIV infection are not stochastic and preferentially express cytosine methyltransferases. Mucosal Immunol 2024:S1933-0219(24)00074-6. [PMID: 39089468 DOI: 10.1016/j.mucimm.2024.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Microbial translocation is a significant contributor to chronic inflammation in people living with HIV (PLWH) and is associated with increased mortality and morbidity in individuals treated for long periods with antiretrovirals. The use of therapeutics to treat microbial translocation has yielded mixed effects, in part, because the species and mechanisms contributing to translocation in HIV remain incompletely characterized. To characterize translocating bacteria, we cultured translocators from chronically SIV-infected rhesus macaques. Proteomic profiling of these bacteria identified cytosine-specific methyltransferases as a common feature and therefore, a potential driver of translocation. Treatment of translocating bacteria with the cytosine methyltransferase inhibitor decitabine significantly impaired growth for several species in vitro. In rhesus macaques, oral treatment with decitabine led to some transient decreases in translocator taxa in the gut microbiome. These data provide mechanistic insight into bacterial translocation in lentiviral infection and explore a novel therapeutic intervention that may improve the prognosis of PLWH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob K Flynn
- Barrier Immunity Section, Laboratory of Viral Diseases, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Alexandra M Ortiz
- Barrier Immunity Section, Laboratory of Viral Diseases, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ivan Vujkovic-Cvijin
- Metaorganism Immunity Section, Laboratory of Host Immunity and Microbiome, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Hugh C Welles
- Metaorganism Immunity Section, Laboratory of Host Immunity and Microbiome, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jennifer Simpson
- Barrier Immunity Section, Laboratory of Viral Diseases, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Debra S Yee
- Barrier Immunity Section, Laboratory of Viral Diseases, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Andrew R Rahmberg
- Barrier Immunity Section, Laboratory of Viral Diseases, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kelsie L Brooks
- Barrier Immunity Section, Laboratory of Viral Diseases, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Marlon De Leon
- Center for Global Health and Diseases, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Samantha Knodel
- Center for Global Health and Diseases, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Kenzie Birse
- Center for Global Health and Diseases, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Laura Noel-Romas
- Center for Global Health and Diseases, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Anshu Deewan
- Integrated Data Sciences Section, Research Technologies Branch, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yasmine Belkaid
- Metaorganism Immunity Section, Laboratory of Host Immunity and Microbiome, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA; Metaorganism Unit, Immunology Department, Institut Pasteur, 75724 Paris, France
| | - Adam Burgener
- Center for Global Health and Diseases, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada; Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinksa Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jason M Brenchley
- Barrier Immunity Section, Laboratory of Viral Diseases, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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32
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Dong Y, Zhu Q, Li Y, Wang R, Xu W, Tang X, Li X, Lv X, Kong X, Cai L, Niu Y. Longevity extension in rats via improved redox homeostasis with high carbohydrate diet intervention from weaning to adulthood: a comprehensive multi-omics study. Food Funct 2024; 15:7920-7935. [PMID: 38979640 DOI: 10.1039/d4fo01156b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Early dietary patterns potentially influence the health status and lifespan throughout adulthood and the entire lifespan. However, dietary behaviors are difficult for everyone to control during adolescence. It is even more important to study the effects of interventions of early dietary patterns on the lifespan under arbitrary feeding conditions. The research involves observing the survival status and lifespan of rats from weaning to adulthood with three different dietary patterns (a high-carbohydrate diet (HC), a high-protein diet (HP), and a high-fat diet (HF)) under ad libitum feeding conditions. The administration of high-carbohydrate diets leads to a significant extension of both median and maximum survival times (P < 0.05) in Wistar rats. Furthermore, it markedly enhanced the spatial memory capacity, mitigated the occurrence of liver and kidney pathological outcomes in elderly rats, and increased the abundance of gut microbiota improving amino acid metabolism. Additionally, feeding rats a high-carbohydrate diet improved glutathione (GSH) synthesis and recycling and activated the expression and upregulation of the lifespan-related proteins Foxo3a/Sirt3 and the key metabolic enzyme GPX-4. The high-carbohydrate diet from weaning to adulthood may potentially extend the lifespan by enhancing rat systemic glutathione synthesis, recycling, and improving the redox state pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanjie Dong
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Precision nutrition and health, Ministry of Education, Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Qiushuang Zhu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Precision nutrition and health, Ministry of Education, Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Yuqiao Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Precision nutrition and health, Ministry of Education, Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Ruohua Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Precision nutrition and health, Ministry of Education, Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Wenyu Xu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Precision nutrition and health, Ministry of Education, Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Xuanfeng Tang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Precision nutrition and health, Ministry of Education, Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Xiaoqing Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Precision nutrition and health, Ministry of Education, Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Xinyi Lv
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Precision nutrition and health, Ministry of Education, Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Xiangju Kong
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China.
| | - Liying Cai
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yucun Niu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Precision nutrition and health, Ministry of Education, Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang, China.
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33
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Munteanu C, Schwartz B. Interactions between Dietary Antioxidants, Dietary Fiber and the Gut Microbiome: Their Putative Role in Inflammation and Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8250. [PMID: 39125822 PMCID: PMC11311432 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25158250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2024] [Revised: 07/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The intricate relationship between the gastrointestinal (GI) microbiome and the progression of chronic non-communicable diseases underscores the significance of developing strategies to modulate the GI microbiota for promoting human health. The administration of probiotics and prebiotics represents a good strategy that enhances the population of beneficial bacteria in the intestinal lumen post-consumption, which has a positive impact on human health. In addition, dietary fibers serve as a significant energy source for bacteria inhabiting the cecum and colon. Research articles and reviews sourced from various global databases were systematically analyzed using specific phrases and keywords to investigate these relationships. There is a clear association between dietary fiber intake and improved colon function, gut motility, and reduced colorectal cancer (CRC) risk. Moreover, the state of health is reflected in the reciprocal and bidirectional relationships among food, dietary antioxidants, inflammation, and body composition. They are known for their antioxidant properties and their ability to inhibit angiogenesis, metastasis, and cell proliferation. Additionally, they promote cell survival, modulate immune and inflammatory responses, and inactivate pro-carcinogens. These actions collectively contribute to their role in cancer prevention. In different investigations, antioxidant supplements containing vitamins have been shown to lower the risk of specific cancer types. In contrast, some evidence suggests that taking antioxidant supplements can increase the risk of developing cancer. Ultimately, collaborative efforts among immunologists, clinicians, nutritionists, and dietitians are imperative for designing well-structured nutritional trials to corroborate the clinical efficacy of dietary therapy in managing inflammation and preventing carcinogenesis. This review seeks to explore the interrelationships among dietary antioxidants, dietary fiber, and the gut microbiome, with a particular focus on their potential implications in inflammation and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camelia Munteanu
- Department of Plant Culture, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Betty Schwartz
- The Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, The School of Nutritional Sciences, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
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34
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Kim B, Song A, Son A, Shin Y. Gut microbiota and epigenetic choreography: Implications for human health: A review. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e39051. [PMID: 39029010 PMCID: PMC11398772 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000039051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The interwoven relationship between gut microbiota and the epigenetic landscape constitutes a pivotal axis in understanding human health and disease. Governed by a myriad of dietary, genetic, and environmental influences, the gut microbiota orchestrates a sophisticated metabolic interplay, shaping nutrient utilization, immune responses, and defenses against pathogens. Recent strides in genomics and metabolomics have shed light on the intricate connections between these microbial influencers and the host's physiological dynamics, presenting a dynamic panorama across diverse disease spectra. DNA methylation and histone modifications, as key players in epigenetics, intricately align with the dynamic orchestration of the gut microbiota. This seamless collaboration, notably evident in conditions like inflammatory bowel disease and obesity, has captured the attention of researchers, prompting an exploration of its nuanced choreography. Nevertheless, challenges abound. Analyzing data is intricate due to the multifaceted nature of the gut microbiota and the limitations of current analytical methods. This underscores the need for a multidisciplinary approach, where diverse disciplines converge to pave innovative research pathways. The integration of insights from microbiome and epigenome studies assumes paramount importance in unraveling the complexities of this intricate partnership. Deciphering the synchronized interactions within this collaboration offers a deeper understanding of these delicate interplays, potentially heralding revolutionary strides in treatment modalities and strategies for enhancing public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bailee Kim
- Crescenta Valley High School, La Crescenta, CA
| | - Angel Song
- Harvard-Westlake School, Studio City, CA
| | - Andrew Son
- Bellarmine College Preparatory, San Jose, CA
| | - Yonghwan Shin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
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35
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Panchal P, Shanbagh G, Upendra S, Menon KC. Nutrition Care Practices in Mental Health Nursing Services: Insights from a Preliminary Study from Pune, Maharashtra, India. J Psychosoc Nurs Ment Health Serv 2024:1-7. [PMID: 39024263 DOI: 10.3928/02793695-20240712-03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess nutrition care practices in selected mental health care facilities in Pune, Maharashtra, India. METHOD A preliminary cross-sectional study was conducted in individuals (N = 100) residing in five private mental health care facilities. Data were collected on diet quality, nutritional status, and health status of adult patients with mild to moderate mental health disorders. Food safety practices of the care facilities were also investigated. RESULTS Of 100 recruited participants, 68% were over-nourished (body mass index >23 kg/m2), 32% were given vitamin B complex supplements, 81% used antipsychotic drugs, and 72% reported drug-induced gastric issues. Most participants (n = 71; 71%) consumed medium-quality diets (four to five food groups per day). Food sanitation and hygiene scores indicated fair standards (range = 46% to 51%) at these facilities. Further, partial compliance with World Health Organization guidelines was observed. CONCLUSION Findings underscore the need for induction of nutritionists or, in their absence, additional nutrition training for mental health nurses to enhance diet quality, nutritional and health status of patients, and food safety. [Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services, xx(x), xx-xx.].
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Sejbuk M, Siebieszuk A, Witkowska AM. The Role of Gut Microbiome in Sleep Quality and Health: Dietary Strategies for Microbiota Support. Nutrients 2024; 16:2259. [PMID: 39064702 PMCID: PMC11279861 DOI: 10.3390/nu16142259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Dietary components, including dietary fiber, unsaturated fatty acids, and polyphenols, along with meal timing and spacing, significantly affect the microbiota's capacity to produce various metabolites essential for quality sleep and overall health. This review explores the role of gut microbiota in regulating sleep through various metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids, tryptophan, serotonin, melatonin, and gamma-aminobutyric acid. A balanced diet rich in plant-based foods enhances the production of these sleep-regulating metabolites, potentially benefiting overall health. This review aims to investigate how dietary habits affect gut microbiota composition, the metabolites it produces, and the subsequent impact on sleep quality and related health conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Sejbuk
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Medical University of Bialystok, Szpitalna 37, 15-295 Bialystok, Poland;
| | - Adam Siebieszuk
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2C, 15-222 Białystok, Poland;
| | - Anna Maria Witkowska
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Medical University of Bialystok, Szpitalna 37, 15-295 Bialystok, Poland;
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Suri C, Pande B, Sahu T, Sahithi LS, Verma HK. Revolutionizing Gastrointestinal Disorder Management: Cutting-Edge Advances and Future Prospects. J Clin Med 2024; 13:3977. [PMID: 38999541 PMCID: PMC11242723 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13133977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2024] [Revised: 06/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent years, remarkable strides have been made in the management of gastrointestinal disorders, transforming the landscape of patient care and outcomes. This article explores the latest breakthroughs in the field, encompassing innovative diagnostic techniques, personalized treatment approaches, and novel therapeutic interventions. Additionally, this article emphasizes the use of precision medicine tailored to individual genetic and microbiome profiles, and the application of artificial intelligence in disease prediction and monitoring. This review highlights the dynamic progress in managing conditions such as inflammatory bowel disease, gastroesophageal reflux disease, irritable bowel syndrome, and gastrointestinal cancers. By delving into these advancements, we offer a glimpse into the promising future of gastroenterology, where multidisciplinary collaborations and cutting-edge technologies converge to provide more effective, patient-centric solutions for individuals grappling with gastrointestinal disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chahat Suri
- Department of Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1Z2, Canada
- Lung Health and Immunity, Helmholtz Zentrum Munich, IngolstädterLandstraße 1, 85764 Oberschleißheim, 85764 Munich, Germany
| | - Babita Pande
- Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Science, Raipur 492099, India
| | - Tarun Sahu
- Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Science, Raipur 492099, India
| | | | - Henu Kumar Verma
- Lung Health and Immunity, Helmholtz Zentrum Munich, IngolstädterLandstraße 1, 85764 Oberschleißheim, 85764 Munich, Germany
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38
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Chu NHS, Chow E, Chan JCN. The Therapeutic Potential of the Specific Intestinal Microbiome (SIM) Diet on Metabolic Diseases. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:498. [PMID: 39056692 PMCID: PMC11273990 DOI: 10.3390/biology13070498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2024] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Exploring the intricate crosstalk between dietary prebiotics and the specific intestinal microbiome (SIM) is intriguing in explaining the mechanisms of current successful dietary interventions, including the Mediterranean diet and high-fiber diet. This knowledge forms a robust basis for developing a new natural food therapy. The SIM diet can be measured and evaluated to establish a reliable basis for the management of metabolic diseases, such as diabetes, metabolic (dysfunction)-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), obesity, and metabolic cardiovascular disease. This review aims to delve into the existing body of research to shed light on the promising developments of possible dietary prebiotics in this field and explore the implications for clinical practice. The exciting part is the crosstalk of diet, microbiota, and gut-organ interactions facilitated by producing short-chain fatty acids, bile acids, and subsequent metabolite production. These metabolic-related microorganisms include Butyricicoccus, Akkermansia, and Phascolarctobacterium. The SIM diet, rather than supplementation, holds the promise of significant health consequences via the prolonged reaction with the gut microbiome. Most importantly, the literature consistently reports no adverse effects, providing a strong foundation for the safety of this dietary therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natural H. S. Chu
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China; (E.C.); (J.C.N.C.)
| | - Elaine Chow
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China; (E.C.); (J.C.N.C.)
| | - Juliana C. N. Chan
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China; (E.C.); (J.C.N.C.)
- Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Wielgosz-Grochowska JP, Domanski N, Drywień ME. Identification of SIBO Subtypes along with Nutritional Status and Diet as Key Elements of SIBO Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7341. [PMID: 39000446 PMCID: PMC11242202 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25137341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) is a pathology of the small intestine and may predispose individuals to various nutritional deficiencies. Little is known about whether specific subtypes of SIBO, such as the hydrogen-dominant (H+), methane-dominant (M+), or hydrogen/methane-dominant (H+/M+), impact nutritional status and dietary intake in SIBO patients. The aim of this study was to investigate possible correlations between biochemical parameters, dietary nutrient intake, and distinct SIBO subtypes. This observational study included 67 patients who were newly diagnosed with SIBO. Biochemical parameters and diet were studied utilizing laboratory tests and food records, respectively. The H+/M+ group was associated with low serum vitamin D (p < 0.001), low serum ferritin (p = 0.001) and low fiber intake (p = 0.001). The M+ group was correlated with high serum folic acid (p = 0.002) and low intakes of fiber (p = 0.001) and lactose (p = 0.002). The H+ group was associated with low lactose intake (p = 0.027). These results suggest that the subtype of SIBO may have varying effects on dietary intake, leading to a range of biochemical deficiencies. Conversely, specific dietary patterns may predispose one to the development of a SIBO subtype. The assessment of nutritional status and diet, along with the diagnosis of SIBO subtypes, are believed to be key components of SIBO therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicole Domanski
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada;
| | - Małgorzata Ewa Drywień
- Department of Human Nutrition, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland;
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40
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Ho PY, Chou YC, Koh YC, Lin WS, Chen WJ, Tseng AL, Gung CL, Wei YS, Pan MH. Lactobacillus rhamnosus 069 and Lactobacillus brevis 031: Unraveling Strain-Specific Pathways for Modulating Lipid Metabolism and Attenuating High-Fat-Diet-Induced Obesity in Mice. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:28520-28533. [PMID: 38973907 PMCID: PMC11223209 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c02514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
Obesity is a global health crisis, marked by excessive fat in tissues that function as immune organs, linked to microbiota dysregulation and adipose inflammation. Investigating the effects of Lactobacillus rhamnosus SG069 (LR069) and Lactobacillus brevis SG031 (LB031) on obesity and lipid metabolism, this research highlights adipose tissue's critical immune-metabolic role and the probiotics' potential against diet-induced obesity. Mice fed a high-fat diet were treated with either LR069 or LB031 for 12 weeks. Administration of LB031 boosted lipid metabolism, indicated by higher AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) phosphorylation, and increased the M2/M1 macrophage ratio, indicating LB031's anti-inflammatory effect. Meanwhile, LR069 administration not only led to significant weight loss by enhancing lipolysis which evidenced by increased phosphorylation of hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) and adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) but also elevated Akkermansia and fecal acetic acid levels, showing the gut microbiota's pivotal role in its antiobesity effects. LR069 and LB031 exhibit distinct effects on lipid metabolism and obesity, underscoring their potential for precise interventions. This research elucidates the unique impacts of these strains on metabolic health and highlights the intricate relationship between gut microbiota and obesity, advancing our knowledge of probiotics' therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pin-Yu Ho
- Institute
of Food Science and Technology, National
Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ya-Chun Chou
- Institute
of Food Science and Technology, National
Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yen-Chun Koh
- Institute
of Food Science and Technology, National
Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Wei-Sheng Lin
- Institute
of Food Science and Technology, National
Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan, ROC
- Department
of Food Science, National Quemoy University, Quemoy County 89250, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Wei-Jen Chen
- Syngen
Biotech Co., Ltd., Building
A, No. 154, Kaiyuan Rd., Sinying, Tainan 73055, Taiwan
| | - Ai-Lun Tseng
- Syngen
Biotech Co., Ltd., Building
A, No. 154, Kaiyuan Rd., Sinying, Tainan 73055, Taiwan
| | - Chiau-Ling Gung
- Syngen
Biotech Co., Ltd., Building
A, No. 154, Kaiyuan Rd., Sinying, Tainan 73055, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Shan Wei
- Syngen
Biotech Co., Ltd., Building
A, No. 154, Kaiyuan Rd., Sinying, Tainan 73055, Taiwan
| | - Min-Hsiung Pan
- Institute
of Food Science and Technology, National
Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan, ROC
- Department
of Public Health, China Medical University, 91, Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung 40402, Taiwan, ROC
- Department
of Food Nutrition and Health Biotechnology, Asia University, 500,
Lioufeng Rd., Wufeng, Taichung 41354, Taiwan, ROC
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41
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Singh MM. Integrative Approaches to Managing Gut Health. Curr Gastroenterol Rep 2024; 26:181-189. [PMID: 38472695 DOI: 10.1007/s11894-024-00927-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To summarize key integrative approaches to managing common gastrointestinal conditions. RECENT FINDINGS Lifestyle interventions like diet, exercise, and stress reduction impact the gut microbiome and gastrointestinal symptoms. Evidence supports mind-body therapies, herbs, certain supplements, and other modalities as complimentary approaches, when appropriate, for common conditions like irritable bowel syndrome or gastroesophageal reflux disease. An integrative approach optimizes both conventional treatments and incorporates lifestyle modifications, complimentary modalities, and the doctor-patient relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marvin M Singh
- Rochester Gastroenterology Associates, Rochester, United States.
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42
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Zhao J, Duan L, Li J, Yao C, Wang G, Mi J, Yu Y, Ding L, Zhao Y, Yan G, Li J, Zhao Z, Wang X, Li M. New insights into the interplay between autophagy, gut microbiota and insulin resistance in metabolic syndrome. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 176:116807. [PMID: 38795644 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a widespread and multifactorial disorder, and the study of its pathogenesis and treatment remains challenging. Autophagy, an intracellular degradation system that maintains cellular renewal and homeostasis, is essential for maintaining antimicrobial defense, preserving epithelial barrier integrity, promoting mucosal immune response, maintaining intestinal homeostasis, and regulating gut microbiota and microbial metabolites. Dysfunctional autophagy is implicated in the pathological mechanisms of MetS, involving insulin resistance (IR), chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, with IR being a predominant feature. The study of autophagy represents a valuable field of research with significant clinical implications for identifying autophagy-related signals, pathways, mechanisms, and treatment options for MetS. Given the multifactorial etiology and various potential risk factors, it is imperative to explore the interplay between autophagy and gut microbiota in MetS more thoroughly. This will facilitate the elucidation of new mechanisms underlying the crosstalk among autophagy, gut microbiota, and MetS, thereby providing new insights into the diagnosis and treatment of MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyue Zhao
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Liyun Duan
- The First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China; Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Jiarui Li
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Chensi Yao
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Guoqiang Wang
- The Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Jia Mi
- The Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Yongjiang Yu
- The Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Lu Ding
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Yunyun Zhao
- The Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Guanchi Yan
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Jing Li
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Zhixuan Zhao
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Xiuge Wang
- The Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Min Li
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China.
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43
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Lin G, Zhang F, Weng X, Hong Z, Ye D, Wang G. Role of gut microbiota in the pathogenesis of castration-resistant prostate cancer: a comprehensive study using sequencing and animal models. Oncogene 2024; 43:2373-2388. [PMID: 38886569 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-024-03073-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
CRPC remains a significant challenge in prostate cancer research. We aimed to elucidate the role of gut microbiota and its specific mechanisms in CRPC using a multidisciplinary approach. We analyzed 16S rRNA sequencing data from mouse fecal samples, revealing substantial differences in gut microbiota composition between CRPC and castration-sensitive prostate cancer mice, particularly in Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes. Functional analysis suggested different bacteria may influence CRPC via the α-linolenic acid metabolism pathway. In vivo, experiments utilizing mouse models and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) demonstrated that FMT from healthy control mice could decelerate tumor growth in CRPC mice, reduce TNF-α levels, and inhibit the activation of the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway. Transcriptome sequencing identified crucial genes and pathways, with rescue experiments confirming the gut microbiota's role in modulating CRPC progression through the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway. The activation of this pathway by TNF-α has been corroborated by in vitro cell experiments, indicating its role in promoting prostate cancer cell proliferation, migration, and invasion while inhibiting apoptosis. Gut microbiota dysbiosis may promote CRPC development through TNF-α activation of the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway, potentially linked to α-linolenic acid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guowen Lin
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Shanghai Genitourinary Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Feng Zhang
- Department Of Urology, Shanghai Eighth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200235, China
| | - Xiaoling Weng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Zhe Hong
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Shanghai Genitourinary Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Dingwei Ye
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Shanghai Genitourinary Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Gangmin Wang
- Department of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China.
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44
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Alverdy JC, Polcari A, Benjamin A. Social determinants of health, the microbiome, and surgical injury. J Trauma Acute Care Surg 2024; 97:158-163. [PMID: 38441071 PMCID: PMC11199116 DOI: 10.1097/ta.0000000000004298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Postinjury infection continues to plague trauma and emergency surgery patients fortunate enough to survive the initial injury. Rapid response systems, massive transfusion protocols, and the development of level 1 trauma centers, among others, have improved the outcome for millions of patients worldwide. Nonetheless, despite this excellent initial care, patients still remain vulnerable to postinjury infections that can result in organ failure, prolonged critical illness, and even death. While risk factors have been identified (degree of injury, blood loss, time to definitive care, immunocompromise, etc.), they remain probabilistic, not deterministic, and do not explain outcome variability at the individual case level. Here, we assert that analysis of the social determinants of health, as reflected in the patient's microbiome composition (i.e., community structure, membership) and function (metabolomic output), may offer a "window" with which to define individual variability following traumatic injury. Given emerging knowledge in the field, a more comprehensive evaluation of biomarkers within the patient's microbiome, from stool-based microbial metabolites to those in plasma and those present in exhaled breath, when coupled with clinical metadata and machine learning, could lead to a more deterministic assessment of an individual's risk for a poor outcome and those factors that are modifiable. The aim of this piece is to examine how measurable elements of the social determinants of health and the life history of the patient may be buried within the ecologic memory of the gut microbiome. Here we posit that interrogation of the gut microbiome in this manner may be used to inform novel approaches to drive recovery following a surgical injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- John C Alverdy
- From the Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
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Howard EJ, Meyer RK, Weninger SN, Martinez T, Wachsmuth HR, Pignitter M, Auñon-Lopez A, Kangath A, Duszka K, Gu H, Schiro G, Laubtiz D, Duca FA. Impact of Plant-Based Dietary Fibers on Metabolic Homeostasis in High-Fat Diet Mice via Alterations in the Gut Microbiota and Metabolites. J Nutr 2024; 154:2014-2028. [PMID: 38735572 PMCID: PMC11282473 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The gut microbiota contributes to metabolic disease, and diet shapes the gut microbiota, emphasizing the need to better understand how diet impacts metabolic disease via gut microbiota alterations. Fiber intake is linked with improvements in metabolic homeostasis in rodents and humans, which is associated with changes in the gut microbiota. However, dietary fiber is extremely heterogeneous, and it is imperative to comprehensively analyze the impact of various plant-based fibers on metabolic homeostasis in an identical setting and compare the impact of alterations in the gut microbiota and bacterially derived metabolites from different fiber sources. OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to analyze the impact of different plant-based fibers (pectin, β-glucan, wheat dextrin, resistant starch, and cellulose as a control) on metabolic homeostasis through alterations in the gut microbiota and its metabolites in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice. METHODS HFD-fed mice were supplemented with 5 different fiber types (pectin, β-glucan, wheat dextrin, resistant starch, or cellulose as a control) at 10% (wt/wt) for 18 wk (n = 12/group), measuring body weight, adiposity, indirect calorimetry, glucose tolerance, and the gut microbiota and metabolites. RESULTS Only β-glucan supplementation during HFD-feeding decreased adiposity and body weight gain and improved glucose tolerance compared with HFD-cellulose, whereas all other fibers had no effect. This was associated with increased energy expenditure and locomotor activity in mice compared with HFD-cellulose. All fibers supplemented into an HFD uniquely shifted the intestinal microbiota and cecal short-chain fatty acids; however, only β-glucan supplementation increased cecal butyrate concentrations. Lastly, all fibers altered the small-intestinal microbiota and portal bile acid composition. CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrate that β-glucan consumption is a promising dietary strategy for metabolic disease, possibly via increased energy expenditure through alterations in the gut microbiota and bacterial metabolites in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth J Howard
- School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Rachel K Meyer
- School of Nutritional Sciences and Wellness, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Savanna N Weninger
- Department of Physiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Taylor Martinez
- Department of Physiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Hallie R Wachsmuth
- Department of Physiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Marc Pignitter
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Arturo Auñon-Lopez
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Vienna Doctoral School in Chemistry (DoSChem), Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Archana Kangath
- School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Kalina Duszka
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Haiwei Gu
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Gabriele Schiro
- PANDA Core for Genomics and Microbiome Research, Steele Children's Research Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Daniel Laubtiz
- PANDA Core for Genomics and Microbiome Research, Steele Children's Research Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Frank A Duca
- School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States; BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States.
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46
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Lim JJ, Goedken M, Jin Y, Gu H, Cui JY. Single-cell transcriptomics unveiled that early life BDE-99 exposure reprogrammed the gut-liver axis to promote a proinflammatory metabolic signature in male mice at late adulthood. Toxicol Sci 2024; 200:114-136. [PMID: 38648751 PMCID: PMC11199921 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfae047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are legacy flame retardants that bioaccumulate in the environment. The gut microbiome is an important regulator of liver functions including xenobiotic biotransformation and immune regulation. We recently showed that neonatal exposure to polybrominated diphenyl ether-99 (BDE-99), a human breast milk-enriched PBDE congener, up-regulated proinflammation-related and down-regulated drug metabolism-related genes predominantly in males in young adulthood. However, the persistence of this dysregulation into late adulthood, differential impact among hepatic cell types, and the involvement of the gut microbiome from neonatal BDE-99 exposure remain unknown. To address these knowledge gaps, male C57BL/6 mouse pups were orally exposed to corn oil (10 ml/kg) or BDE-99 (57 mg/kg) once daily from postnatal days 2-4. At 15 months of age, neonatal BDE-99 exposure down-regulated xenobiotic and lipid-metabolizing enzymes and up-regulated genes involved in microbial influx in hepatocytes. Neonatal BDE-99 exposure also increased the hepatic proportion of neutrophils and led to a predicted increase of macrophage migration inhibitory factor signaling. This was associated with decreased intestinal tight junction protein (Tjp) transcripts, altered gut environment, and dysregulation of inflammation-related metabolites. ScRNA-seq using germ-free (GF) mice demonstrated the necessity of a normal gut microbiome in maintaining hepatic immune tolerance. Microbiota transplant to GF mice using large intestinal microbiome from adults neonatally exposed to BDE-99 down-regulated Tjp transcripts and up-regulated several cytokines in large intestine. In conclusion, neonatal BDE-99 exposure reprogrammed cell type-specific gene expression and cell-cell communication in liver towards proinflammation, and this may be partly due to the dysregulated gut environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joe Jongpyo Lim
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98105, USA
- Environmental Health and Microbiome Research Center (EHMBRACE), Seattle, Washington 98105, USA
| | - Michael Goedken
- Rutgers Research Pathology Services, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
| | - Yan Jin
- Center for Translational Science, Florida International University, Port St Lucie, Florida 34987, USA
| | - Haiwei Gu
- Center for Translational Science, Florida International University, Port St Lucie, Florida 34987, USA
| | - Julia Yue Cui
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98105, USA
- Environmental Health and Microbiome Research Center (EHMBRACE), Seattle, Washington 98105, USA
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47
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Maiuolo J, Bulotta RM, Ruga S, Nucera S, Macrì R, Scarano F, Oppedisano F, Carresi C, Gliozzi M, Musolino V, Mollace R, Muscoli C, Mollace V. The Postbiotic Properties of Butyrate in the Modulation of the Gut Microbiota: The Potential of Its Combination with Polyphenols and Dietary Fibers. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6971. [PMID: 39000076 PMCID: PMC11240906 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25136971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Revised: 06/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota is a diverse bacterial community consisting of approximately 2000 species, predominantly from five phyla: Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, and Verrucomicrobia. The microbiota's bacterial species create distinct compounds that impact the host's health, including well-known short-chain fatty acids. These are produced through the breakdown of dietary fibers and fermentation of undigested carbohydrates by the intestinal microbiota. The main short-chain fatty acids consist of acetate, propionate, and butyrate. The concentration of butyrate in mammalian intestines varies depending on the diet. Its main functions are use as an energy source, cell differentiation, reduction in the inflammatory process in the intestine, and defense against oxidative stress. It also plays an epigenetic role in histone deacetylases, thus helping to reduce the risk of colon cancer. Finally, butyrate affects the gut-brain axis by crossing the brain-blood barrier, making it crucial to determine the right concentrations for both local and peripheral effects. In recent years, there has been a significant amount of attention given to the role of dietary polyphenols and fibers in promoting human health. Polyphenols and dietary fibers both play crucial roles in protecting human health and can produce butyrate through gut microbiota fermentation. This paper aims to summarize information on the key summits related to the negative correlation between intestinal microbiota diversity and chronic diseases to guide future research on determining the specific activity of butyrate from polyphenols and dietary fibers that can carry out these vital functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Maiuolo
- IRC-FSH Center, Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (R.M.B.); (S.R.); (S.N.); (R.M.); (F.S.); (F.O.); (C.C.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (C.M.); (V.M.)
| | - Rosa Maria Bulotta
- IRC-FSH Center, Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (R.M.B.); (S.R.); (S.N.); (R.M.); (F.S.); (F.O.); (C.C.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (C.M.); (V.M.)
| | - Stefano Ruga
- IRC-FSH Center, Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (R.M.B.); (S.R.); (S.N.); (R.M.); (F.S.); (F.O.); (C.C.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (C.M.); (V.M.)
| | - Saverio Nucera
- IRC-FSH Center, Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (R.M.B.); (S.R.); (S.N.); (R.M.); (F.S.); (F.O.); (C.C.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (C.M.); (V.M.)
| | - Roberta Macrì
- IRC-FSH Center, Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (R.M.B.); (S.R.); (S.N.); (R.M.); (F.S.); (F.O.); (C.C.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (C.M.); (V.M.)
| | - Federica Scarano
- IRC-FSH Center, Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (R.M.B.); (S.R.); (S.N.); (R.M.); (F.S.); (F.O.); (C.C.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (C.M.); (V.M.)
| | - Francesca Oppedisano
- IRC-FSH Center, Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (R.M.B.); (S.R.); (S.N.); (R.M.); (F.S.); (F.O.); (C.C.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (C.M.); (V.M.)
| | - Cristina Carresi
- IRC-FSH Center, Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (R.M.B.); (S.R.); (S.N.); (R.M.); (F.S.); (F.O.); (C.C.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (C.M.); (V.M.)
| | - Micaela Gliozzi
- IRC-FSH Center, Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (R.M.B.); (S.R.); (S.N.); (R.M.); (F.S.); (F.O.); (C.C.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (C.M.); (V.M.)
| | - Vincenzo Musolino
- IRC-FSH Center, Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (R.M.B.); (S.R.); (S.N.); (R.M.); (F.S.); (F.O.); (C.C.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (C.M.); (V.M.)
| | - Rocco Mollace
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Roma, Italy;
| | - Carolina Muscoli
- IRC-FSH Center, Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (R.M.B.); (S.R.); (S.N.); (R.M.); (F.S.); (F.O.); (C.C.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (C.M.); (V.M.)
| | - Vincenzo Mollace
- IRC-FSH Center, Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (R.M.B.); (S.R.); (S.N.); (R.M.); (F.S.); (F.O.); (C.C.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (C.M.); (V.M.)
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Roma, Italy;
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48
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Wang W, Dong H, Chang X, Chen Q, Wang L, Chen S, Chen L, Wang R, Ge S, Wang P, Li Y, Liu S, Xiong W. Bifidobacterium lactis and Lactobacillus plantarum Enhance Immune Function and Antioxidant Capacity in Cats through Modulation of the Gut Microbiota. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:764. [PMID: 39061833 PMCID: PMC11273429 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13070764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Revised: 06/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) afflictions are prevalent among the feline population, wherein the intricacies of the gut microbiome exert a profound influence on their overall health. Alterations within this microbial consortium can precipitate a cascade of physiological changes, notably in immune function and antioxidant capacity. This research investigated the impact of Bifidobacterium lactis (B. lactis) and Lactobacillus plantarum (L. plantarum) on cats' GI health, exploring the effects of probiotic supplementation on the intestinal ecosystem using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The findings demonstrated a significant improvement in gut barrier function by reducing plasma concentrations of D-lactate (D-LA) by 30.38% and diamine oxidase (DAO) by 22.68%, while increasing the population of beneficial bacteria such as Lactobacillus. There was a notable 25% increase in immunoglobulin A (IgA) levels, evidenced by increases of 19.13% in catalase (CAT), 23.94% in superoxide dismutase (SOD), and 21.81% in glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px). Further analysis revealed positive correlations between Lactobacillus abundance and IgA, CAT, and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) levels. These correlations indicate that B. lactis and L. plantarum enhance feline immune and antioxidant functions by increasing the abundance of beneficial Lactobacillus in the GI tract. These findings provide a foundation for probiotic interventions aimed at enhancing health and disease resistance in feline populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Wang
- Food Laboratory of Zhongyuan, Luohe 462300, China; (W.W.); (H.D.); (X.C.); (Q.C.); (S.C.); (L.C.)
| | - Hao Dong
- Food Laboratory of Zhongyuan, Luohe 462300, China; (W.W.); (H.D.); (X.C.); (Q.C.); (S.C.); (L.C.)
| | - Xiaohan Chang
- Food Laboratory of Zhongyuan, Luohe 462300, China; (W.W.); (H.D.); (X.C.); (Q.C.); (S.C.); (L.C.)
| | - Qianqian Chen
- Food Laboratory of Zhongyuan, Luohe 462300, China; (W.W.); (H.D.); (X.C.); (Q.C.); (S.C.); (L.C.)
| | - Longjiao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (L.W.); (R.W.); (S.G.); (P.W.); (Y.L.); (S.L.)
| | - Shuxing Chen
- Food Laboratory of Zhongyuan, Luohe 462300, China; (W.W.); (H.D.); (X.C.); (Q.C.); (S.C.); (L.C.)
| | - Lishui Chen
- Food Laboratory of Zhongyuan, Luohe 462300, China; (W.W.); (H.D.); (X.C.); (Q.C.); (S.C.); (L.C.)
| | - Ran Wang
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (L.W.); (R.W.); (S.G.); (P.W.); (Y.L.); (S.L.)
| | - Shaoyang Ge
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (L.W.); (R.W.); (S.G.); (P.W.); (Y.L.); (S.L.)
| | - Pengjie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (L.W.); (R.W.); (S.G.); (P.W.); (Y.L.); (S.L.)
| | - Yixuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (L.W.); (R.W.); (S.G.); (P.W.); (Y.L.); (S.L.)
| | - Siyuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (L.W.); (R.W.); (S.G.); (P.W.); (Y.L.); (S.L.)
| | - Wei Xiong
- Food Laboratory of Zhongyuan, Luohe 462300, China; (W.W.); (H.D.); (X.C.); (Q.C.); (S.C.); (L.C.)
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49
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Panyod S, Wu WK, Chang CT, Wada N, Ho HC, Lo YL, Tsai SP, Chen RA, Huang HS, Liu PY, Chen YH, Chuang HL, Shen TCD, Tang SL, Ho CT, Wu MS, Sheen LY. Common dietary emulsifiers promote metabolic disorders and intestinal microbiota dysbiosis in mice. Commun Biol 2024; 7:749. [PMID: 38902371 PMCID: PMC11190199 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06224-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Dietary emulsifiers are linked to various diseases. The recent discovery of the role of gut microbiota-host interactions on health and disease warrants the safety reassessment of dietary emulsifiers through the lens of gut microbiota. Lecithin, sucrose fatty acid esters, carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), and mono- and diglycerides (MDG) emulsifiers are common dietary emulsifiers with high exposure levels in the population. This study demonstrates that sucrose fatty acid esters and carboxymethylcellulose induce hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia in a mouse model. Lecithin, sucrose fatty acid esters, and CMC disrupt glucose homeostasis in the in vitro insulin-resistance model. MDG impairs circulating lipid and glucose metabolism. All emulsifiers change the intestinal microbiota diversity and induce gut microbiota dysbiosis. Lecithin, sucrose fatty acid esters, and CMC do not impact mucus-bacterial interactions, whereas MDG tends to cause bacterial encroachment into the inner mucus layer and enhance inflammation potential by raising circulating lipopolysaccharide. Our findings demonstrate the safety concerns associated with using dietary emulsifiers, suggesting that they could lead to metabolic syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suraphan Panyod
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Center for Food and Biomolecules, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Wei-Kai Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Medical Research, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Bachelor Program of Biotechnology and Food Nutrition, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chih-Ting Chang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Naohisa Wada
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Han-Chen Ho
- Department of Anatomy, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yi-Ling Lo
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Sing-Ping Tsai
- Department of Medical Research, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Rou-An Chen
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Huai-Syuan Huang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Po-Yu Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yi-Hsun Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hsiao-Li Chuang
- National Laboratory Animal Center, National Applied Research Laboratories, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ting-Chin David Shen
- Division of Gastroenterology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sen-Lin Tang
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chi-Tang Ho
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Ming-Shiang Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Lee-Yan Sheen
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
- Center for Food and Biomolecules, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
- National Center for Food Safety Education and Research, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
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50
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Zhan ZS, Zheng ZS, Shi J, Chen J, Wu SY, Zhang SY. Unraveling colorectal cancer prevention: The vitamin D - gut flora - immune system nexus. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2024; 16:2382-2391. [DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v16.i6.2382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers diagnosed in the world. Although environmental and genetic factors play a major role in the pathogenesis of CRC, extensive research has suggested that vitamin D may play a pivotal role in the development of CRC. Vitamin D, primarily obtained through sunlight exposure, dietary sources, and supplements, has long been recognized for its essential functions in maintaining health, including immune regulation. This article delves into the intricate relationship between vitamin D, the immune system, gut flora, and the prevention of CRC. It presents a synthesis of epidemiological data, experimental studies, and clinical trials, highlighting the mechanisms by which vitamin D influences immune cell function, cytokine production, and inflammation. By enhancing the immune system’s surveillance and anti-tumor activity, vitamin D may offer a promising avenue for CRC prevention. Furthermore, this comprehensive review delves into the prospective clinical applications of vitamin D supplementation and delineates the forthcoming avenues of research in this dynamic domain. Additionally, the paper tentatively outlines a spectrum of prophylactic impacts of vitamin D on CRC, emphasizing its significant potential in reducing CRC risk through shedding light on its mechanisms, encompassing antineoplastic mechanisms, influences on the immune system, and modulation of the gut microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Song Zhan
- Department of Dentistry, Fuding Hospital, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuding 355200, Fujian Province, China
| | - Zu-Shun Zheng
- Department of Physical Examination, Fuding Hospital, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuding 355200, Fujian Province, China
| | - Jing Shi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Fuding Hospital, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuding 355200, Fujian Province, China
| | - Juan Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fuding Hospital, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuding 355200, Fujian Province, China
| | - Si-Yi Wu
- Department of Surgery, Fuding Hospital, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuding 355200, Fujian Province, China
| | - Shi-Yan Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fuding Hospital, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuding 355200, Fujian Province, China
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