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Macharia Z, Ogoti B, Otieno M, Gitonga P, Bosco-Lauth A, Maritim M, Lemarkoko E, Keya A, Sankok J, Gitao G, Onono J, Oyugi J, Bowen RA. Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 among underserved pastoralist communities in Kajiado County, Kenya: 2020-2022. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0308318. [PMID: 39116080 PMCID: PMC11309416 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0308318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Initial transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome virus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) was highest in densely populated regions of Kenya. Transmission gradually trickled down to the less densely populated, remote and underserved regions such as the pastoral regions of Kajiado County which are characterized by poor healthcare systems. Molecular assays that were pivotal for COVID-19 diagnosis were not available in these regions. Serology is an alternative method for retrospectively tracking the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in such populations. Dry blood spots (DBS) were prepared from consenting patients attending six health facilities in Kajiado County from March 2020 to March 2022. Upon elution, we conducted an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the detection of SARS-Cov-2 IgG antibodies. Of the 908 DBSs we analyzed, 706 (78%) were from female participants. The overall seropositivity to SARS-Cov-2 antibodies was 7.3% (95% CI 5.7-9.1). The elderly (over 60 years) and male participants had a high likelihood of testing positive for SAR-CoV-2 infections. Mashuru (15.6%, 14/90) and Meto (15%, 19/127) health facilities registered the highest proportion of seropositive participants. Evidence of SARS-CoV-2 transmission among pastoralists in the remote and underserved regions of Kajiado County was established by DBS sampling and serologic testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zipporah Macharia
- Institute of Tropical and Infectious Diseases (UNITID), University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Brian Ogoti
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
- Center of Epidemiological Modelling and Analysis, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Magdaline Otieno
- Institute of Tropical and Infectious Diseases (UNITID), University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Pauline Gitonga
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Angela Bosco-Lauth
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Marybeth Maritim
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | | | - Aggrey Keya
- Kajiado County Referral Hospital, Kajiado Town, Kajiado, Kenya
| | - Joseph Sankok
- Kajiado County Referral Hospital, Kajiado Town, Kajiado, Kenya
| | - George Gitao
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Joshua Onono
- Department of Public Health Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Julius Oyugi
- Institute of Tropical and Infectious Diseases (UNITID), University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Richard A. Bowen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
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Di Gaudio F, Brunacci G, Cucina A, Giaccone V, Raso M, Lundari A, Cancilleri A, Buffa V, Russo E, Vasto S, La Rocca M, Indelicato S. External Quality Assessment (EQA) scheme for serological diagnostic test for SARS-CoV-2 detection in Sicily Region (Italy), in the period 2020-2022. Diagnosis (Berl) 2024; 0:dx-2024-0048. [PMID: 38950285 DOI: 10.1515/dx-2024-0048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Since December 2019, worldwide public health has been exposed to a severe acute respiratory syndrome caused by Coronavirus-2. Serological testing is necessary for retrospective assessment of seroprevalence rates, and the determination of vaccine response and duration of immunity. For this reason, it was necessary to introduce a panel of tests able to identify and quantify Covid-19 antibodies. METHODS As a Regional Reference Centre, the CRQ Laboratory (Regional Laboratory for the Quality Control) developed and conducted an External Quality Assessment (EQA) panel of assays, to evaluate the quality of various methods, that were used by 288 Sicilian laboratories, previously authorized on behalf of the Public Health Service. RESULTS The performance test was based on pooled samples with different levels of concentration of antibodies. 97 , 98, and 95 % of the participating laboratories tested all samples correctly in 2020, 2021, and 2022 respectively. The best performance was observed in the test of total Ig. The general performance of laboratories improved over the years. CONCLUSIONS The incorrect diagnosis had and could still have important implications on vaccination cycles. Only through the effort of laboratory professionals, and the extension of the EQA scheme, a better harmonization of methods, protocols, and thus results, to guarantee a better healthcare system, will be possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Di Gaudio
- PROMISE, 18998 University of Palermo , Palermo, Italy
- Azienda Ospedaliera Ospedali Riuniti Villa Sofia Cervello, Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry Section, Quality Control and Chemical Risk (CQRC), Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Brunacci
- Azienda Ospedaliera Ospedali Riuniti Villa Sofia Cervello, Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry Section, Quality Control and Chemical Risk (CQRC), Palermo, Italy
| | - Annamaria Cucina
- Azienda Ospedaliera Ospedali Riuniti Villa Sofia Cervello, Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry Section, Quality Control and Chemical Risk (CQRC), Palermo, Italy
| | - Vita Giaccone
- Azienda Ospedaliera Ospedali Riuniti Villa Sofia Cervello, Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry Section, Quality Control and Chemical Risk (CQRC), Palermo, Italy
| | - Maria Raso
- Azienda Ospedaliera Ospedali Riuniti Villa Sofia Cervello, Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry Section, Quality Control and Chemical Risk (CQRC), Palermo, Italy
| | - Anna Lundari
- Azienda Ospedaliera Ospedali Riuniti Villa Sofia Cervello, Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry Section, Quality Control and Chemical Risk (CQRC), Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonio Cancilleri
- Azienda Ospedaliera Ospedali Riuniti Villa Sofia Cervello, Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry Section, Quality Control and Chemical Risk (CQRC), Palermo, Italy
| | - Vito Buffa
- Azienda Ospedaliera Ospedali Riuniti Villa Sofia Cervello, Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry Section, Quality Control and Chemical Risk (CQRC), Palermo, Italy
| | - Eleonora Russo
- Human Anatomy Section, Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neurosciences, 18998 University of Palermo Palermo, Italy
| | - Sonya Vasto
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, 18998 University of Palermo , Palermo, Italy
| | - Mario La Rocca
- Assessorato Regionale Della Salute, Dipartimento per la Pianificazione Strategica, Palermo, Italy
| | - Sergio Indelicato
- Azienda Ospedaliera Ospedali Riuniti Villa Sofia Cervello, Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry Section, Quality Control and Chemical Risk (CQRC), Palermo, Italy
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Takeuchi JS, Fukano K, Kito Y, Yamamoto K, Kimura M. Evaluation of the SARS-CoV-2 RNA detection reagent LAMPdirect Genelyzer KIT using nasopharyngeal swab and saliva samples. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2024; 109:116297. [PMID: 38604076 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2024.116297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
The LAMPdirect Genelyzer KIT allows for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in saliva samples with a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) method and generates results within 20 min. It has been approved by the Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency in Japan. In this study, the performance of the LAMPdirect Genelyzer KIT was compared with that of the RT-qPCR reference method using 50 nasopharyngeal swabs and 100 saliva samples. In addition, we evaluated the applicability of an alternative reverse transcriptase and the effects of an inactivation buffer. The total agreement rates were 80.0 % and 82.0 % for nasopharyngeal and saliva samples, respectively. When considering samples at the detection limit (50 copies/reaction) that increases the chance of transmission between humans, the total agreement rates were 100% and 94.1% for nasopharyngeal and saliva samples, respectively. The LAMP method is simple, fast, and inexpensive, making it useful for small medical institutions or rural areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junko S Takeuchi
- Department of Academic-Industrial Partnerships Promotion, Center for Clinical Sciences, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan.
| | - Kento Fukano
- Department of Academic-Industrial Partnerships Promotion, Center for Clinical Sciences, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan.
| | - Yumiko Kito
- Department of Academic-Industrial Partnerships Promotion, Center for Clinical Sciences, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan
| | - Kei Yamamoto
- Disease Control and Prevention Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan.
| | - Moto Kimura
- Department of Academic-Industrial Partnerships Promotion, Center for Clinical Sciences, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan.
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4
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Sultana A, Geethakumari AM, Islam Z, Kolatkar PR, Biswas KH. BRET-based biosensors for SARS-CoV-2 oligonucleotide detection. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 12:1353479. [PMID: 38887615 PMCID: PMC11181354 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1353479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The need for the early detection of emerging pathogenic viruses and their newer variants has driven the urgent demand for developing point-of-care diagnostic tools. Although nucleic acid-based methods such as reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) have been developed, a more facile and robust platform is still required. To address this need, as a proof-of-principle study, we engineered a prototype-the versatile, sensitive, rapid, and cost-effective bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET)-based biosensor for oligonucleotide detection (BioOD). Specifically, we designed BioODs against the SARS-CoV-2 parental (Wuhan strain) and B.1.617.2 Delta variant through the conjugation of specific, fluorescently modified molecular beacons (sensor module) through a complementary oligonucleotide handle DNA functionalized with the NanoLuc (NLuc) luciferase protein such that the dissolution of the molecular beacon loop upon the binding of the viral oligonucleotide will result in a decrease in BRET efficiency and, thus, a change in the bioluminescence spectra. Following the assembly of the BioODs, we determined their kinetics response, affinity for variant-specific oligonucleotides, and specificity, and found them to be rapid and highly specific. Furthermore, the decrease in BRET efficiency of the BioODs in the presence of viral oligonucleotides can be detected as a change in color in cell phone camera images. We envisage that the BioODs developed here will find application in detecting viral infections with variant specificity in a point-of-care-testing format, thus aiding in large-scale viral infection surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asfia Sultana
- Division of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Anupriya M. Geethakumari
- Division of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Zeyaul Islam
- Diabetes Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Prasanna R. Kolatkar
- Division of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
- Diabetes Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Kabir H. Biswas
- Division of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
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Han R, Wang F, Chen W, Ma L. A Fast and Sensitive One-Tube SARS-CoV-2 Detection Platform Based on RTX-PCR and Pyrococcus furiosus Argonaute. BIOSENSORS 2024; 14:245. [PMID: 38785719 PMCID: PMC11118887 DOI: 10.3390/bios14050245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Since SARS-CoV-2 is a highly transmissible virus, alternative reliable, fast, and cost-effective methods are still needed to prevent virus spread that can be applied in the laboratory and for point-of-care testing. Reverse transcription real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) is currently the gold criteria for detecting RNA viruses, which requires reverse transcriptase to reverse transcribe viral RNA into cDNA, and fluorescence quantitative PCR detection was subsequently performed. The frequently used reverse transcriptase is thermolabile; the detection process is composed of two steps: the reverse transcription reaction at a relatively low temperature, and the qPCR performed at a relatively high temperature, moreover, the RNA to be detected needs to pretreated if they had advanced structure. Here, we develop a fast and sensitive one-tube SARS-CoV-2 detection platform based on Ultra-fast RTX-PCR and Pyrococcus furiosus Argonaute-mediated Nucleic acid Detection (PAND) technology (URPAND). URPAND was achieved ultra-fast RTX-PCR process based on a thermostable RTX (exo-) with both reverse transcriptase and DNA polymerase activity. The URPAND can be completed RT-PCR and PAND to detect nucleic acid in one tube within 30 min. This method can specifically detect SARS-CoV-2 with a low detection limit of 100 copies/mL. The diagnostic results of clinical samples with one-tube URPAND displayed 100% consistence with RT-qPCR test. Moreover, URPAND was also applied to identify SARS-CoV-2 D614G mutant due to its single-nucleotide specificity. The URPAND platform is rapid, accurate, tube closed, one-tube, easy-to-operate and free of large instruments, which provides a new strategy to the detection of SARS-CoV-2 and other RNA viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Han
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China; (R.H.); (F.W.)
| | - Fei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China; (R.H.); (F.W.)
| | - Wanping Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China; (R.H.); (F.W.)
- School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Lixin Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China; (R.H.); (F.W.)
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Kashif M, Acharya S, Khalil A. Molecular Interactions Leading to Advancements in the Techniques for COVID-19 Detection: A Review. J AOAC Int 2024; 107:519-528. [PMID: 38310327 DOI: 10.1093/jaoacint/qsae010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
Since 2019 the world has been in a combat with the highly contagious disease COVID-19 which is caused by the rapid transmission of the SARS-CoV-2 virus (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2). Detection of this disease in an early stage helps to control its spread and management. To combat this epidemic with one-time effective medication, improved quick analytical procedures must be developed and validated. The requirement for accurate and precise analytical methods for the diagnosis of the virus and antibodies in infected patients has been a matter of concern. The global impact of this virus has motivated scientists and researchers to investigate and develop various analytical diagnostic techniques. This review includes the study of standard methods which are reliable and accredited for the analytical recognition of the said virus. For early detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA, RT-PCR (Real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction) is an accurate method among other methods and, thus, considered as the "gold standard" technique. Here, we outline the most extensively used analytical methods for diagnosing COVID-19, along with a brief description of each technique and its analytical aspects/perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Kashif
- Aligarh Muslim University, Analytical Chemistry Section, Department of Chemistry, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh 202002, India
| | - Swati Acharya
- Aligarh Muslim University, Analytical Chemistry Section, Department of Chemistry, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh 202002, India
| | - Adila Khalil
- Aligarh Muslim University, Analytical Chemistry Section, Department of Chemistry, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh 202002, India
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Babiloni C, Gentilini Cacciola E, Tucci F, Vassalini P, Chilovi A, Jakhar D, Musat AM, Salvatore M, Soricelli A, Stocchi F, Vacca L, Ferri R, Catania V, Mastroianni C, D'Ettorre G, Noce G. Resting-state EEG rhythms are abnormal in post COVID-19 patients with brain fog without cognitive and affective disorders. Clin Neurophysiol 2024; 161:159-172. [PMID: 38492271 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2024.02.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Several persons experiencing post-covid-19 (post-COVID) with "brain fog" (e.g., fatigue, cognitive and psychiatric disorders, etc.) show abnormal resting-state electroencephalographic (rsEEG) rhythms reflecting a vigilance dysfunction. Here, we tested the hypothesis that in those post-COVID persons, abnormal rsEEG rhythms may occur even when cognitive and psychiatric disorders are absent. METHODS The experiments were performed on post-COVID participants about one year after hospitalization for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Inclusion criteria included a "brain fog" claim, no pre-infection, and actual organic chronic disease. Matched controls (no COVID) were also enrolled. All participants underwent clinical/neuropsychological assessment (including fatigue assessment) and rsEEG recordings. The eLORETA freeware estimated regional rsEEG cortical sources at individual delta (<4 Hz), theta (4-7 Hz), and alpha (8-13 Hz) bands. Beta (14-30 Hz) and gamma (30-40 Hz) bands were pre-fixed. RESULTS More than 90% of all post-COVID participants showed no cognitive or psychiatric disorders, and 75% showed ≥ 2 fatigue symptoms. The post-COVID group globally presented lower posterior rsEEG alpha source activities than the Control group. This effect was more significant in the long COVID-19 patients with ≥ 2 fatigue symptoms. CONCLUSIONS In post-COVID patients with no chronic diseases and cognitive/psychiatric disorders, "brain fog" can be associated with abnormal posterior rsEEG alpha rhythms and subjective fatigue. SIGNIFICANCE These abnormalities may be related to vigilance and allostatic dysfunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Babiloni
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "Erspamer," Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy; Hospital San Raffaele Cassino, Cassino, FR, Italy.
| | - Elio Gentilini Cacciola
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Umberto I Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Federico Tucci
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "Erspamer," Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Vassalini
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Umberto I Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Agnese Chilovi
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Umberto I Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Dharmendra Jakhar
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "Erspamer," Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Andreea Maria Musat
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "Erspamer," Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Andrea Soricelli
- IRCCS Synlab SDN, Naples, Italy; Department of Medical, Movement and Wellbeing Sciences, University of Naples Parthenope, Naples, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Stocchi
- IRCCS San Raffaele Rome, Rome, Italy; Telematic University San Raffaele, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Claudio Mastroianni
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Umberto I Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriella D'Ettorre
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Umberto I Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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Zhra M, Al Saud A, Alzayer M, Okdah L, Tamim H, Fakhoury HMA, Aljada A. Cost-effective in-house COVID-19 reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction testing with yeast-derived Taq polymerase. Ann Thorac Med 2024; 19:165-171. [PMID: 38766371 PMCID: PMC11100475 DOI: 10.4103/atm.atm_180_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the decline of the COVID-19 pandemic, there continues to be a persistent requirement for reliable testing methods that can be adapted to future outbreaks and areas with limited resources. While the standard approach of using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) with Taq polymerase is effective, it faces challenges such as limited access to high-quality enzymes and the presence of bacterial DNA contamination in commercial kits, which can impact the accuracy of test results. METHODS This study investigates the production of recombinant Taq polymerase in yeast cells and assesses its crude lysate in a multiplex RT-PCR assay for detecting the SARS-CoV-2 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRP) and N genes, with human Ribonuclease P serving as an internal control. RESULTS The unpurified yeast Taq polymerase demonstrates sensitivity comparable to commercially purified bacterial Taq polymerase and unpurified bacterial counterparts in detecting the RdRP and N genes. It exhibits the highest specificity, with 100% accuracy, for the N gene. The specificity for the RdRP gene closely aligns with that of commercially purified bacterial Taq polymerase and unpurified bacterial Taq polymerase. CONCLUSIONS The use of unpurified recombinant yeast Taq polymerase shows promise as a cost-effective approach for conducting in-house COVID-19 RT-PCR testing. By eliminating the need for chromatography purification steps, the production of RT-PCR kits can be streamlined, potentially improving accessibility and scalability, especially in resource-limited settings and future pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Zhra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aljohara Al Saud
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maha Alzayer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Liliane Okdah
- Department of Infectious Disease Research, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hani Tamim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hana M. A. Fakhoury
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad Aljada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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9
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Medrano-Lopez JA, Villalpando I, Salazar MI, Torres-Torres C. Hierarchical Nanobiosensors at the End of the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic. BIOSENSORS 2024; 14:108. [PMID: 38392027 PMCID: PMC10887370 DOI: 10.3390/bios14020108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Nanostructures have played a key role in the development of different techniques to attack severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Some applications include masks, vaccines, and biosensors. The latter are of great interest for detecting diseases since some of their features allowed us to find specific markers in secretion samples such as saliva, blood, and even tears. Herein, we highlight how hierarchical nanoparticles integrated into two or more low-dimensional materials present outstanding advantages that are attractive for photonic biosensing using their nanoscale functions. The potential of nanohybrids with their superlative mechanical characteristics together with their optical and optoelectronic properties is discussed. The progress in the scientific research focused on using nanoparticles for biosensing a variety of viruses has become a medical milestone in recent years, and has laid the groundwork for future disease treatments. This perspective analyzes the crucial information about the use of hierarchical nanostructures in biosensing for the prevention, treatment, and mitigation of SARS-CoV-2 effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jael Abigail Medrano-Lopez
- Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Ingeniería y Eléctrica, Unidad Zacatenco, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 07738, Mexico
| | - Isaela Villalpando
- Centro de Investigación para los Recursos Naturales, Salaices 33941, Mexico
| | - Ma Isabel Salazar
- Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
| | - Carlos Torres-Torres
- Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Ingeniería y Eléctrica, Unidad Zacatenco, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 07738, Mexico
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10
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Seo JD, Moon HW, Shin E, Kim JY, Choi SG, Lee JA, Choi JH, Yun YM. Performance Evaluation of the STANDARD i-Q COVID-19 Ag Test with Nasal and Oral Swab Specimens from Symptomatic Patients. Diagnostics (Basel) 2024; 14:231. [PMID: 38275478 PMCID: PMC10814936 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics14020231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
We evaluated the diagnostic performance of the STANDARD i-Q COVID-19 Ag Test, which was developed to detect viral antigens, using nasal and oral swabs. Sixty positive and 100 negative samples were analyzed. We determined the distribution of the Ct values according to the day of sample collection after symptom onset, the diagnostic performance of the total samples and subgroups separated by Ct value or time of sample collection, and the Ct value at which maximal accuracy was expected. No differences were observed in Ct values, except for the samples obtained on the day of symptom onset. The diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of the oral swabs were 75.0 and 100.0%, respectively, whereas those of the nasal swabs were 85.0 and 98.0%, respectively. The sensitivity was higher in samples with a high viral load collected earlier than those collected later, although the difference was not significant. False-negative results were confirmed in all samples with a Ct value ≥ 30.0. These results indicate that tests using oral and nasal swabs are helpful for diagnosing acute symptomatic cases with suspected high viral loads. Our tests exhibited relatively low sensitivity but high specificity rates, indicating the need to assess negative antigen test results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Do Seo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Konkuk University Medical Center, Seoul 05030, Republic of Korea; (J.D.S.); (E.S.); (J.Y.K.); (S.-G.C.); (Y.-M.Y.)
| | - Hee-Won Moon
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Konkuk University Medical Center, Seoul 05030, Republic of Korea; (J.D.S.); (E.S.); (J.Y.K.); (S.-G.C.); (Y.-M.Y.)
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul 05030, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunju Shin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Konkuk University Medical Center, Seoul 05030, Republic of Korea; (J.D.S.); (E.S.); (J.Y.K.); (S.-G.C.); (Y.-M.Y.)
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul 05030, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Young Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Konkuk University Medical Center, Seoul 05030, Republic of Korea; (J.D.S.); (E.S.); (J.Y.K.); (S.-G.C.); (Y.-M.Y.)
| | - Sang-Gyu Choi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Konkuk University Medical Center, Seoul 05030, Republic of Korea; (J.D.S.); (E.S.); (J.Y.K.); (S.-G.C.); (Y.-M.Y.)
| | - Ju Ae Lee
- Department of Infection Control, Konkuk University Medical Center, Seoul 05030, Republic of Korea; (J.A.L.); (J.H.C.)
| | - Jeong Hwa Choi
- Department of Infection Control, Konkuk University Medical Center, Seoul 05030, Republic of Korea; (J.A.L.); (J.H.C.)
| | - Yeo-Min Yun
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Konkuk University Medical Center, Seoul 05030, Republic of Korea; (J.D.S.); (E.S.); (J.Y.K.); (S.-G.C.); (Y.-M.Y.)
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul 05030, Republic of Korea
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11
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Bravo-González S, González-González E, Perales-Salinas V, Rodríguez-Sánchez IP, Ortiz-Castillo JE, Vargas-Martínez A, Perez-Gonzalez VH, Luna-Aguirre CM, Trujillo-de Santiago G, Alvarez MM. Self-Diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 from Saliva Samples at Home: Isothermal Amplification Enabled by Do-It-Yourself Portable Incubators and Laminated Poly-ethyl Sulfonate Membranes. Diagnostics (Basel) 2024; 14:221. [PMID: 38275468 PMCID: PMC10814948 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics14020221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 made explicit the need for rethinking the way in which we conduct testing for epidemic emergencies. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the dependence on centralized lab facilities and resource-intensive methodologies (e.g., RT-qPCR methods) greatly limited the deployment of widespread testing efforts in many developed and underdeveloped countries. Here, we illustrate the development of a simple and portable diagnostic kit that enables self-diagnosis of COVID-19 at home from saliva samples. We describe the development of a do-it-yourself (DIY) incubator for Eppendorf tubes that can be used to conduct SARS-CoV-2 detection with competitive sensitivity and selectivity from saliva at home. In a proof-of-concept experiment, we assembled Eppendorf-tube incubators at our home shop, prepared a single-tube mix of reagents and LAMP primers in our lab, and deployed these COVID-19 detection kits using urban delivery systems (i.e., Rappifavor or Uber) to more than 15 different locations in Monterrey, México. This straightforward strategy enabled rapid and cost-effective at-home molecular diagnostics of SARS-CoV-2 from real saliva samples with a high sensitivity (100%) and high selectivity (87%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Bravo-González
- Centro de Biotecnología-FEMSA, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey 64849, NL, Mexico; (S.B.-G.); (E.G.-G.); (V.P.-S.); (C.M.L.-A.)
- Departamento de Bioingeniería, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey 64849, NL, Mexico
| | - Everardo González-González
- Centro de Biotecnología-FEMSA, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey 64849, NL, Mexico; (S.B.-G.); (E.G.-G.); (V.P.-S.); (C.M.L.-A.)
- Departamento de Bioingeniería, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey 64849, NL, Mexico
| | - Valeria Perales-Salinas
- Centro de Biotecnología-FEMSA, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey 64849, NL, Mexico; (S.B.-G.); (E.G.-G.); (V.P.-S.); (C.M.L.-A.)
- Departamento de Bioingeniería, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey 64849, NL, Mexico
| | - Iram Pablo Rodríguez-Sánchez
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Molecular y Estructural, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza 66455, NL, Mexico;
- Alfa Medical Center, Guadalupe 67100, NL, Mexico
| | - Jose E. Ortiz-Castillo
- Departamento de Ingeniería Mecátrónica y Eléctrica, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey 64849, NL, Mexico; (J.E.O.-C.); (A.V.-M.); (V.H.P.-G.)
| | - Adriana Vargas-Martínez
- Departamento de Ingeniería Mecátrónica y Eléctrica, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey 64849, NL, Mexico; (J.E.O.-C.); (A.V.-M.); (V.H.P.-G.)
| | - Victor H. Perez-Gonzalez
- Departamento de Ingeniería Mecátrónica y Eléctrica, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey 64849, NL, Mexico; (J.E.O.-C.); (A.V.-M.); (V.H.P.-G.)
| | - Claudia Maribel Luna-Aguirre
- Centro de Biotecnología-FEMSA, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey 64849, NL, Mexico; (S.B.-G.); (E.G.-G.); (V.P.-S.); (C.M.L.-A.)
- Departamento de Bioingeniería, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey 64849, NL, Mexico
| | - Grissel Trujillo-de Santiago
- Centro de Biotecnología-FEMSA, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey 64849, NL, Mexico; (S.B.-G.); (E.G.-G.); (V.P.-S.); (C.M.L.-A.)
- Departamento de Ingeniería Mecátrónica y Eléctrica, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey 64849, NL, Mexico; (J.E.O.-C.); (A.V.-M.); (V.H.P.-G.)
| | - Mario Moisés Alvarez
- Centro de Biotecnología-FEMSA, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey 64849, NL, Mexico; (S.B.-G.); (E.G.-G.); (V.P.-S.); (C.M.L.-A.)
- Departamento de Ingeniería Mecátrónica y Eléctrica, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey 64849, NL, Mexico; (J.E.O.-C.); (A.V.-M.); (V.H.P.-G.)
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12
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Ganganboina AB, Park EY. Signal-Amplified Nanobiosensors for Virus Detection Using Advanced Nanomaterials. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 187:381-412. [PMID: 38337075 DOI: 10.1007/10_2023_244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Rapid diagnosis and treatment of infectious illnesses are crucial for clinical outcomes and public health. Biosensing developments enhance diagnostics at the point of care. This is superior to traditional procedures, which need centralized lab facilities, specialized personnel, and large equipment. The emerging coronavirus epidemic threatens global health and economic security. Increasing viral surveillance and regulatory actions against disease transmission necessitate rapid, sensitive testing tools for viruses. Due to their sensitivity and specificity, biosensors offer a possible reliable and quantifiable viral detection method. Current advances in genetic engineering, such as genetic alteration and material engineering, have provided several opportunities to enhance biosensors' sensitivity, selectivity, and recognition efficiency. This chapter explains biosensing techniques, biosensor varieties, and signal amplification technologies. Challenges and potential developments for viral microorganisms based on biosensors and signal amplification were also investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akhilesh Babu Ganganboina
- International Center for Young Scientists ICYS-NAMIKI, National Institute for Materials Science, Ibaraki, Japan.
| | - Enoch Y Park
- Research Institute of Green Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka, Japan.
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13
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Rawat S, Subramaniam K, Subramanian SK, Subbarayan S, Dhanabalan S, Chidambaram SKM, Stalin B, Roy A, Nagaprasad N, Aruna M, Tesfaye JL, Badassa B, Krishnaraj R. Drug Repositioning Using Computer-aided Drug Design (CADD). Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2024; 25:301-312. [PMID: 37605405 DOI: 10.2174/1389201024666230821103601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
Drug repositioning is a method of using authorized drugs for other unusually complex diseases. Compared to new drug development, this method is fast, low in cost, and effective. Through the use of outstanding bioinformatics tools, such as computer-aided drug design (CADD), computer strategies play a vital role in the re-transformation of drugs. The use of CADD's special strategy for target-based drug reuse is the most promising method, and its realization rate is high. In this review article, we have particularly focused on understanding the various technologies of CADD and the use of computer-aided drug design for target-based drug reuse, taking COVID-19 and cancer as examples. Finally, it is concluded that CADD technology is accelerating the development of repurposed drugs due to its many advantages, and there are many facts to prove that the new ligand-targeting strategy is a beneficial method and that it will gain momentum with the development of technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sona Rawat
- School of Life Sciences, Jaipur National University, Jaipur-302017, India
| | - Kanmani Subramaniam
- Department of Civil Engineering, KPR Institute of Engineering and Technology, Coimbatore-641407, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Selva Kumar Subramanian
- Department of Sciences, Amrita School of Engineering, Coimbatore - 641112, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Saravanan Subbarayan
- Department of Civil Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Trichy-620015, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Subramanian Dhanabalan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, M. Kumarasamy College of Engineering, Karur - 639113, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Balasubramaniam Stalin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Anna University, Regional Campus Madurai, Madurai - 625 019, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Arpita Roy
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering & Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida 201310, India
| | - Nagaraj Nagaprasad
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, ULTRA College of Engineering and Technology, Madurai - 625104, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Mahalingam Aruna
- College of Engineering and Computing, Al Ghurair University, Academic City, Dubai, UAE
| | - Jule Leta Tesfaye
- Dambi Dollo University, College of Natural and Computational Science, Department of Physics, Ethiopia
- Centre for Excellence-Indigenous Knowledge, Innovative Technology Transfer and Entrepreneurship, Dambi Dollo University, Dambi Dollo, Ethiopia
- Ministry of innovation and technology, Ethiopia
| | - Bayissa Badassa
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Dambi Dollo University, Dambi Dollo, Ethiopia
| | - Ramaswamy Krishnaraj
- Centre for Excellence-Indigenous Knowledge, Innovative Technology Transfer and Entrepreneurship, Dambi Dollo University, Dambi Dollo, Ethiopia
- Ministry of innovation and technology, Ethiopia
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Dambi Dollo University, Dambi Dollo, Ethiopia
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14
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Mazzaracchio V, Rios Maciel M, Porto Santos T, Toda-Peters K, Shen AQ. Duplex Electrochemical Microfluidic Sensor for COVID-19 Antibody Detection: Natural versus Vaccine-Induced Humoral Response. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2207731. [PMID: 36916701 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202207731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The rapid transmission and resilience of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have led to urgent demands in monitoring humoral response for effective vaccine development, thus a multiplex co-detection platform to discriminate infection-induced from vaccine-induced antibodies is needed. Here a duplex electrochemical immunosensor for co-detection of anti-nucleocapsid IgG (N-IgG) and anti-spike IgG (S-IgG) is developed by using a two-working electrode system, via an indirect immunoassay, with antibody quantification obtained by differential pulse voltammetry. The screen-printed electrodes (SPEs) are modified by carbon black and electrodeposited gold nanoflowers for maximized surface areas, enabling the construction of an immunological chain for S-IgG and N-IgG electrochemical detection with enhanced performance. Using an optimized immunoassay protocol, a wide linear range between 30-750 and 20-1000 ng mL-1 , and a limit of detection of 28 and 15 ng mL-1 are achieved to detect N-IgG and S-IgG simultaneously in serum samples. This duplex immunosensor is then integrated in a microfluidic device to obtain significantly reduced detection time (≤ 7 min) while maintaining its analytical performance. The duplex microfluidic immunosensor can be easily expanded into multiplex format to achieve high throughput screening for the sero-surveillance of COVID-19 and other infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Mazzaracchio
- Micro/Bio/Nanofluidics Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna-son, Okinawa, 904-0495, Japan
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome "Tor Vergata,", Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Mauricio Rios Maciel
- Micro/Bio/Nanofluidics Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna-son, Okinawa, 904-0495, Japan
| | - Tatiana Porto Santos
- Micro/Bio/Nanofluidics Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna-son, Okinawa, 904-0495, Japan
| | - Kazumi Toda-Peters
- Micro/Bio/Nanofluidics Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna-son, Okinawa, 904-0495, Japan
| | - Amy Q Shen
- Micro/Bio/Nanofluidics Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna-son, Okinawa, 904-0495, Japan
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15
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Wang R, Wang S, Guo W, Zhang T, Kang Q, Wang P, Zhou F, Yang L. Flow injection analysis coupled with photoelectrochemical immunoassay for simultaneous detection of anti-SARS-CoV-2-spike and anti-SARS-CoV-2-nucleocapsid antibodies in serum samples. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1280:341857. [PMID: 37858551 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.341857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
A thin-layer flow cell of low internal volume (12 μL) is incorporated in a flow injection analysis (FIA) system for simultaneous and real-time photoelectrochemical (PEC) immunoassay of anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike 1 (S1) and anti-SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid (N) antibodies. Covalent linkage of S1 and N proteins to two separate polyethylene glycol (PEG)-covered gold nanoparticles (AuNPs)/TiO2 nanotube array (NTA) electrodes affords 10 consecutive analyses with surface regenerations in between. An indium tin oxide (ITO) allows visible light to impinge onto the two electrodes. The detection limits for anti-S1 and anti-N antibodies were estimated to be 177 and 97 ng mL-1, respectively. Such values compare well with those achieved with other reported methods and satisfy the requirement for screening convalescent patients with low antibody levels. Additionally, our method exhibits excellent intra-batch (RSD = 1.3%), inter-batch (RSD = 3.4%), intra-day (RSD = 1.0%), and inter-day (RSD = 1.6%) reproducibility. The obviation of an enzyme label and continuous analysis markedly decreased the assay cost and duration, rendering this method cost-effective. The excellent anti-fouling property of PEG enables accuracy validation by comparing our PEC immunoassays of patient sera to those of ELISA. In addition, the simultaneous detection of two antibodies holds great potential in disease diagnosis and immunity studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruimin Wang
- Institute of Surface Analysis and Chemical Biology, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong, 250022, PR China
| | - Shuai Wang
- Institute of Surface Analysis and Chemical Biology, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong, 250022, PR China
| | - Wanze Guo
- Institute of Surface Analysis and Chemical Biology, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong, 250022, PR China
| | - Tiantian Zhang
- University Hospital, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong, 250022, PR China
| | - Qing Kang
- Institute of Surface Analysis and Chemical Biology, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong, 250022, PR China.
| | - Pengcheng Wang
- Institute of Surface Analysis and Chemical Biology, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong, 250022, PR China.
| | - Feimeng Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, Tiangong University, Tianjin, 300387, PR China
| | - Lixia Yang
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang, 330063, PR China
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16
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Fernández-Rojas MA, Ávila G, Romero-Valdovinos M, Plett-Torres T, Salazar AM, Sordo M, Chávez-Vargas M, Coeto Ángeles CJ, Cruz-Rivera M, Santiago-Olivares C, Ramírez Hinojosa JP, Maravilla P, Flisser A, Ostrosky-Wegman P, Mendlovic F. Elevated Levels of Cytotoxicity, Cytokines, and Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies in Mild Cases of COVID-19. Viral Immunol 2023; 36:550-561. [PMID: 37603294 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2023.0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Current evidence shows higher production of cytokines and antibodies against severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in severe and critical cases of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in comparison with patients with moderate or mild disease. A recent hypothesis proposes an important role of genotoxicity and cytotoxicity in the induction of the cytokine storm observed in some patients at later stages of the disease. Interestingly, in this study, we report significantly higher levels of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, MCP-1, and IL-4 cytokines in mild COVID-19 patients versus severe cases, as well as a high frequency of karyorrhexis (median [Me] = 364 vs. 20 cells) and karyolysis (Me = 266 vs. 52 cells) in the mucosal epithelial cells of both groups of patients compared with uninfected individuals. Although we observed higher levels of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgM and IgG antibodies in COVID-19 patients, IgM antibodies were significantly higher only in mild cases, for the N and the S viral antigens. High levels of IgG antibodies were observed in both mild and severe cases. Our results showed elevated concentrations of proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines in mild cases, which may reflect an active innate immune response and could be related to the higher IgM and IgG antibody levels found in those patients. In addition, we found that SARS-CoV-2 infection induces cytotoxic damage in the oral mucosa, highlighting the importance of studying the genotoxic and cytotoxic events induced by infection and its role in the pathophysiology of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A Fernández-Rojas
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Guillermina Ávila
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Mirza Romero-Valdovinos
- Hospital General "Dr. Manuel Gea González", SSA. Calzada de Tlalpan 4800, Col Seccion XVI, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Tanya Plett-Torres
- Plan de Estudios Combinados en Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ana María Salazar
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Monserrat Sordo
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Mariana Chávez-Vargas
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Cesar Josué Coeto Ángeles
- Hospital General "Dr. Manuel Gea González", SSA. Calzada de Tlalpan 4800, Col Seccion XVI, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Mayra Cruz-Rivera
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Carlos Santiago-Olivares
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Juan Pablo Ramírez Hinojosa
- Hospital General "Dr. Manuel Gea González", SSA. Calzada de Tlalpan 4800, Col Seccion XVI, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Pablo Maravilla
- Hospital General "Dr. Manuel Gea González", SSA. Calzada de Tlalpan 4800, Col Seccion XVI, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ana Flisser
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Patricia Ostrosky-Wegman
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Fela Mendlovic
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Anáhuac México Norte, Huixquilucan, Mexico State, Mexico
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17
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Meshesha M, Sardar A, Supekar R, Bhattacharjee L, Chatterjee S, Halder N, Mohanta K, Bhattacharyya TK, Pal B. Development and Analytical Evaluation of a Point-of-Care Electrochemical Biosensor for Rapid and Accurate SARS-CoV-2 Detection. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:8000. [PMID: 37766054 PMCID: PMC10534802 DOI: 10.3390/s23188000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has underscored the critical need for rapid and accurate screening and diagnostic methods for potential respiratory viruses. Existing COVID-19 diagnostic approaches face limitations either in terms of turnaround time or accuracy. In this study, we present an electrochemical biosensor that offers nearly instantaneous and precise SARS-CoV-2 detection, suitable for point-of-care and environmental monitoring applications. The biosensor employs a stapled hACE-2 N-terminal alpha helix peptide to functionalize an in situ grown polypyrrole conductive polymer on a nitrocellulose membrane backbone through a chemical process. We assessed the biosensor's analytical performance using heat-inactivated omicron and delta variants of the SARS-CoV-2 virus in artificial saliva (AS) and nasal swab (NS) samples diluted in a strong ionic solution, as well as clinical specimens with known Ct values. Virus identification was achieved through electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and frequency analyses. The assay demonstrated a limit of detection (LoD) of 40 TCID50/mL, with 95% sensitivity and 100% specificity. Notably, the biosensor exhibited no cross-reactivity when tested against the influenza virus. The entire testing process using the biosensor takes less than a minute. In summary, our biosensor exhibits promising potential in the battle against pandemic respiratory viruses, offering a platform for the development of rapid, compact, portable, and point-of-care devices capable of multiplexing various viruses. The biosensor has the capacity to significantly bolster our readiness and response to future viral outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mesfin Meshesha
- Department of Virology, Opteev Technologies Inc., Baltimore, MD 21225, USA;
| | - Anik Sardar
- Research and Development Laboratory, Opteev Healthtech, GN-4, Sector-V, Kolkata 700091, India; (A.S.); (R.S.); (L.B.); (S.C.); (N.H.); (K.M.)
| | - Ruchi Supekar
- Research and Development Laboratory, Opteev Healthtech, GN-4, Sector-V, Kolkata 700091, India; (A.S.); (R.S.); (L.B.); (S.C.); (N.H.); (K.M.)
| | - Lopamudra Bhattacharjee
- Research and Development Laboratory, Opteev Healthtech, GN-4, Sector-V, Kolkata 700091, India; (A.S.); (R.S.); (L.B.); (S.C.); (N.H.); (K.M.)
| | - Soumyo Chatterjee
- Research and Development Laboratory, Opteev Healthtech, GN-4, Sector-V, Kolkata 700091, India; (A.S.); (R.S.); (L.B.); (S.C.); (N.H.); (K.M.)
| | - Nyancy Halder
- Research and Development Laboratory, Opteev Healthtech, GN-4, Sector-V, Kolkata 700091, India; (A.S.); (R.S.); (L.B.); (S.C.); (N.H.); (K.M.)
| | - Kallol Mohanta
- Research and Development Laboratory, Opteev Healthtech, GN-4, Sector-V, Kolkata 700091, India; (A.S.); (R.S.); (L.B.); (S.C.); (N.H.); (K.M.)
| | - Tarun Kanti Bhattacharyya
- Department of Electronics and Electrical Communication Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur 721302, India;
| | - Biplab Pal
- Department of Virology, Opteev Technologies Inc., Baltimore, MD 21225, USA;
- Research and Development Laboratory, Opteev Healthtech, GN-4, Sector-V, Kolkata 700091, India; (A.S.); (R.S.); (L.B.); (S.C.); (N.H.); (K.M.)
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Castellanos-Bermejo JE, Cervantes-Guevara G, Cervantes-Pérez E, Cervantes-Cardona GA, Ramírez-Ochoa S, Fuentes-Orozco C, Delgado-Hernández G, Tavares-Ortega JA, Gómez-Mejía E, Chejfec-Ciociano JM, Flores-Prado JA, Barbosa-Camacho FJ, González-Ojeda A. Diagnostic Efficacy of Chest Computed Tomography with a Dual-Reviewer Approach in Patients Diagnosed with Pneumonia Secondary to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2. Tomography 2023; 9:1617-1628. [PMID: 37736982 PMCID: PMC10514805 DOI: 10.3390/tomography9050129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
To compare the diagnostic effectiveness of chest computed tomography (CT) utilizing a single- versus a dual-reviewer approach in patients with pneumonia secondary to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), we conducted a retrospective observational study of data from a cross-section of 4809 patients with probable SARS-CoV-2 from March to November 2020. All patients had a CT radiological report and reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (PCR) results. A dual-reviewer approach was applied to two groups while conducting a comparative examination of the data. Reviewer 1 reported 108 patients negative and 374 patients positive for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in group A, and 266 negative and 142 positive in group B. Reviewer 2 reported 150 patients negative and 332 patients positive for COVID-19 in group A, and 277 negative and 131 positive in group B. The consensus result reported 87 patients negative and 395 positive for COVID-19 in group A and 274 negative and 134 positive in group B. These findings suggest that a dual-reviewer approach improves chest CT diagnosis compared to a conventional single-reviewer approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime E. Castellanos-Bermejo
- Departamento de Radiología e Imagen, Hospital General Regional 110, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara 44716, Mexico;
| | - Gabino Cervantes-Guevara
- Departamento de Bienestar y Desarrollo Sustentable, Centro Universitario del Norte, Universidad de Guadalajara, Colotlán 46200, Mexico;
- Departamento de Gastroenterología, Hospital Civil de Guadalajara Fray Antonio Alcalde, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44280, Mexico
| | - Enrique Cervantes-Pérez
- Departamento de Medicina Interna, Hospital Civil de Guadalajara Fray Antonio Alcalde, Guadalajara 44280, Mexico; (E.C.-P.)
- Centro Universitario de Tlajomulco, Universidad de Guadalajara, Tlajomulco de Zúñiga 45641, Mexico
| | - Guillermo A. Cervantes-Cardona
- Departamento de Disciplinas Filosóficas, Metodológicas e Instrumentales, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico;
| | - Sol Ramírez-Ochoa
- Departamento de Gastroenterología, Hospital Civil de Guadalajara Fray Antonio Alcalde, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44280, Mexico
| | - Clotilde Fuentes-Orozco
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica 02, Unidad Médica de alta especialidad, Hospital de Especialidades Centro Médico Nacional de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara 44329, Mexico; (C.F.-O.); (G.D.-H.); (J.A.T.-O.); (E.G.-M.); (J.M.C.-C.); (J.A.F.-P.)
| | - Gonzalo Delgado-Hernández
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica 02, Unidad Médica de alta especialidad, Hospital de Especialidades Centro Médico Nacional de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara 44329, Mexico; (C.F.-O.); (G.D.-H.); (J.A.T.-O.); (E.G.-M.); (J.M.C.-C.); (J.A.F.-P.)
| | - Jaime A. Tavares-Ortega
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica 02, Unidad Médica de alta especialidad, Hospital de Especialidades Centro Médico Nacional de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara 44329, Mexico; (C.F.-O.); (G.D.-H.); (J.A.T.-O.); (E.G.-M.); (J.M.C.-C.); (J.A.F.-P.)
| | - Erika Gómez-Mejía
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica 02, Unidad Médica de alta especialidad, Hospital de Especialidades Centro Médico Nacional de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara 44329, Mexico; (C.F.-O.); (G.D.-H.); (J.A.T.-O.); (E.G.-M.); (J.M.C.-C.); (J.A.F.-P.)
| | - Jonathan M. Chejfec-Ciociano
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica 02, Unidad Médica de alta especialidad, Hospital de Especialidades Centro Médico Nacional de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara 44329, Mexico; (C.F.-O.); (G.D.-H.); (J.A.T.-O.); (E.G.-M.); (J.M.C.-C.); (J.A.F.-P.)
| | - Juan A. Flores-Prado
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica 02, Unidad Médica de alta especialidad, Hospital de Especialidades Centro Médico Nacional de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara 44329, Mexico; (C.F.-O.); (G.D.-H.); (J.A.T.-O.); (E.G.-M.); (J.M.C.-C.); (J.A.F.-P.)
| | - Francisco J. Barbosa-Camacho
- Departamento de Psiquiatría, Hospital Civil de Guadalajara Fray Antonio Alcalde, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44280, Mexico;
| | - Alejandro González-Ojeda
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica 02, Unidad Médica de alta especialidad, Hospital de Especialidades Centro Médico Nacional de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara 44329, Mexico; (C.F.-O.); (G.D.-H.); (J.A.T.-O.); (E.G.-M.); (J.M.C.-C.); (J.A.F.-P.)
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Sebastião CS, Sacomboio E, Francisco NM, Cassinela EK, Mateus A, David Z, Pimentel V, Paixão J, Neto de Vasconcelos J, Morais J. Blood pressure pattern among blood donors exposed to SARS-CoV-2 in Luanda, Angola: A retrospective study. Health Sci Rep 2023; 6:e1498. [PMID: 37599663 PMCID: PMC10432586 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.1498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims SARS-CoV-2 infection is a public health concern. Several aspects related to the pattern of infection remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the blood pressure pattern among blood donors exposed to SARS-CoV-2 in Luanda, Angola, a sub-Saharan African country. Methods We performed a retrospective analysis containing 343 blood donors from December 2019 to September 2020. Parametric tests compared means while χ 2 and logistic regression checked features associated with high blood pressure and were considered significant when p < 0.05. Results The mean age of blood donors was 32.2 ± 8.81 years (ranging from 18 to 61 years) and 93% of the men's gender. Overall, 4.7% of the studied population had been exposed to SARS-CoV-2. High blood pressure prevalence increased from unexposed to exposed SARS-CoV-2 (6.7%-18.8%, p = 0.071). SARS-CoV-2 exposure increase systole (131 ± 12.2 mmHg to 136 ± 14.2 mmHg, p = 0.098), diastole (79.9 ± 9.53 mmHg to 84.2 ± 12.7 mmHg, p = 0.086), pulse in beats per minute (72.0 ± 11.1 to 73.7 ± 8.50, p = 0.553), and decrease donating time (6.31 ± 3.72 min to 5.48 ± 1.61 min, p = 0.371). Chances of having high blood pressure were high [OR: 3.20 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.85-12.1), p = 0.086] in exposed SARS-CoV-2. Donors exposed to SARS-CoV-2 with abnormal donation time increased from the donor up to 40 years to over 40 years (from 35.7% to 50%, p = 0.696). The mean systolic, diastolic, and pulse pressure were higher for non-O donors (p > 0.05). A significant link was observed, between the Rhesus factor and blood pressure status (p = 0.032). Conclusion We showed important variations in blood pressure indices of the Angolan population exposed to SARS-CoV-2. Older age and non-O blood groups appear to be important biological factors for SARS-CoV-2 infection, as well as the risk of developing cardiovascular disease after or during SARS-CoV-2 exposure. Further studies assessing the impact on cardiovascular functions with ongoing or long-term SARS-CoV-2 exposure in individuals from resource-limited countries should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cruz S. Sebastião
- Instituto Nacional de Investigação em Saúde (INIS)LuandaAngola
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Angola (CISA)CaxitoAngola
- Instituto de Ciências da Saúde (ICISA)LuandaAngola
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine (GHTM)Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical (IHMT)LisbonPortugal
| | - Euclides Sacomboio
- Instituto Nacional de Investigação em Saúde (INIS)LuandaAngola
- Instituto de Ciências da Saúde (ICISA)LuandaAngola
- Centro de EstudosInvestigação Cientifica e Pós‐graduação (CEIP)LuandaAngola
| | | | - Edson K. Cassinela
- Centro de EstudosInvestigação Cientifica e Pós‐graduação (CEIP)LuandaAngola
- Centro Nacional de Investigação Científica (CNIC)LuandaAngola
| | - António Mateus
- Instituto Nacional de Investigação em Saúde (INIS)LuandaAngola
| | - Zinga David
- Instituto Nacional de Investigação em Saúde (INIS)LuandaAngola
| | - Victor Pimentel
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine (GHTM)Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical (IHMT)LisbonPortugal
| | - Joana Paixão
- Instituto Nacional de Investigação em Saúde (INIS)LuandaAngola
| | - Jocelyne Neto de Vasconcelos
- Instituto Nacional de Investigação em Saúde (INIS)LuandaAngola
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Angola (CISA)CaxitoAngola
| | - Joana Morais
- Instituto Nacional de Investigação em Saúde (INIS)LuandaAngola
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine (GHTM)Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical (IHMT)LisbonPortugal
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20
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Maity S, Santra A, Vardhan Hebbani A, Pulakuntla S, Chatterjee A, Rao Badri K, Damodara Reddy V. Targeting cytokine storm as the potential anti-viral therapy: Implications in regulating SARS-CoV-2 pathogenicity. Gene 2023:147612. [PMID: 37423400 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.147612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
The latest global pandemic corona virus disease - 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the virus SARS-CoV-2 is still a matter of worrying concern both for the scientific communities and health care organizations. COVID-19 disease is proved to be a highly contagious disease transmitted through respiratory droplets and even close contact with affected individuals. COVID-19 disease is also understood to exhibit diverse symptoms of ranging severities i.e., from mild fatigue to death. Affected individuals' susceptibility to induce immunologic dysregulation phenomena termed 'cytokine storm' seems to be playing the damaging role of escalating the disease manifestation from mild to severe. Cytokine storm in patients with severe symptoms is understood to be characterized by enhanced serum levels of many cytokines including interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, IL-10, TNF, interferon-γ, MIP-1α, MIP-1β and VEGF. Since cytokine production in general is the most important antiviral defense response, understanding the COVID-19 associated cytokine storm in particular and differentiating it from the regular cytokine production response becomes crucial in developing an effective therapeutic strategy.This review focuses on the potential targeting of COVID-19 associated cytokine storm and its challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subashish Maity
- Department of Biotechnology, REVA University, Bengaluru-560064, Karnataka, India
| | - Ayantika Santra
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Academy Degree College, Bengaluru, 560 043, India
| | | | - Swetha Pulakuntla
- Department of Biotechnology, REVA University, Bengaluru-560064, Karnataka, India
| | - Ankita Chatterjee
- Department of Biotechnology, REVA University, Bengaluru-560064, Karnataka, India
| | - Kameswara Rao Badri
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Morehouse School of Medicine, GA, Atlanta-30310, USA; Clinical Analytical Chemistry Laboratory, COVID-19 Testing Laboratory, Morehouse School of Medicine, GA, Atlanta-30310, USA.
| | - Vaddi Damodara Reddy
- Department of Biotechnology, REVA University, Bengaluru-560064, Karnataka, India.
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21
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Trzaskowski M, Mazurkiewicz-Pisarek A, Trzciński JW, Drozd M, Podgórski R, Zabost A, Augustynowicz-Kopeć E. Portable Surface Plasmon Resonance Detector for COVID-19 Infection. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:3946. [PMID: 37112287 PMCID: PMC10144119 DOI: 10.3390/s23083946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Methods based on nucleic acid detection are currently the most commonly used technique in COVID-19 diagnostics. Although generally considered adequate, these methods are characterised by quite a long time-to-result and the necessity to prepare the material taken from the examined person-RNA isolation. For this reason, new detection methods are being sought, especially those characterised by the high speed of the analysis process from the moment of sampling to the result. Currently, serological methods of detecting antibodies against the virus in the patient's blood plasma have attracted much attention. Although they are less precise in determining the current infection, such methods shorten the analysis time to several minutes, making it possible to consider them a promising method for screening tests in people with suspected infection. The described study investigated the feasibility of a surface plasmon resonance (SPR)-based detection system for on-site COVID-19 diagnostics. A simple-to-use portable device was proposed for the fast detection of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in human plasma. SARS-CoV-2-positive and -negative patient blood plasma samples were investigated and compared with the ELISA test. The receptor-binding domain (RBD) of spike protein from SARS-CoV-2 was selected as a binding molecule for the study. Then, the process of antibody detection using this peptide was examined under laboratory conditions on a commercially available SPR device. The portable device was prepared and tested on plasma samples from humans. The results were compared with those obtained in the same patients using the reference diagnostic method. The detection system is effective in the detection of anti-SARS-CoV-2 with the detection limit of 40 ng/mL. It was shown that it is a portable device that can correctly examine human plasma samples within a 10 min timeframe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Trzaskowski
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Technologies CEZAMAT, Warsaw University of Technology, Poleczki 19, 02-822 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Mazurkiewicz-Pisarek
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Technologies CEZAMAT, Warsaw University of Technology, Poleczki 19, 02-822 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jakub Waldemar Trzciński
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Technologies CEZAMAT, Warsaw University of Technology, Poleczki 19, 02-822 Warsaw, Poland
- Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Waryńskiego 1, 00-645 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marcin Drozd
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Technologies CEZAMAT, Warsaw University of Technology, Poleczki 19, 02-822 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Rafał Podgórski
- Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Waryńskiego 1, 00-645 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Zabost
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Płocka 26, 01-138 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Augustynowicz-Kopeć
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Płocka 26, 01-138 Warsaw, Poland
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22
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Coşkun M, Çilengir AH, Çetinoğlu K, Horoz M, Sinci A, Demircan B, Uluç E, Gelal F. Did radiation exposure increase with chest computed tomography use among different ages during the COVID-19 pandemic? A multi-center study with 42028 chest computed tomography scans. Diagn Interv Radiol 2023; 29:373-378. [PMID: 36988026 PMCID: PMC10679709 DOI: 10.5152/dir.2022.211043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine whether radiation exposure increased among different ages with chest computed tomography (CT) use during the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. METHODS Patients with chest CT scans in an 8-month period of the pandemic between March 15, 2020, and November 15, 2020, and the same period of the preceding year were included in the study. Indications of chest CT scans were obtained from the clinical notes and categorized as infectious diseases, neoplastic disorders, trauma, and other diseases. Chest CT scans for infectious diseases during the pandemic were compared with those with the same indications in 2019. The dose-length product values were obtained from the protocol screen individually. RESULTS The total number of chest CT scans with an indication of infectious disease was 21746 in 2020 and 4318 in 2019. Total radiation exposure increased by 573% with the use of chest CT for infectious indications but decreased by 19% for neoplasia, 12% for trauma, and 43% for other reasons. The mean age of the patients scanned in 2019 was significantly higher than those scanned during the pandemic (64.6 vs. 50.3 years). A striking increase was seen in the 10-59 age group during the pandemic (P < 0.001). The highest increase was seen in the 20-29 age group, being 18.6 fold. One death was recorded per 58 chest CT scans during the pandemic. Chest CT use was substantially higher at the beginning of the pandemic. CONCLUSION Chest CT was excessively used during the COVID-19 pandemic. Young and middle-aged people were exposed more than others. The impact of COVID-19-pandemic-related radiation exposure on public health should be followed carefully in future years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Coşkun
- Clinic of Radiology, University of Health Science Turkey, Dr. Behçet Uz Children Disease and Surgery Training and Research Hospital, İzmir, Turkey
| | | | - Kenan Çetinoğlu
- Clinic of Radiology, Merkezefendi State Hospital, Manisa, Turkey
| | - Merve Horoz
- Clinic of Radiology, Çiğli Regional Training and Research Hospital, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Ayberk Sinci
- Department of Radiology, İzmir Katip Çelebi University, Atatürk Training and Research Hospital, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Betül Demircan
- Clinic of Pediatrics, Bakırçay University Çiğli Regional Training and Research Hospital, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Engin Uluç
- Department of Radiology, İzmir Katip Çelebi University, Atatürk Training and Research Hospital, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Fazıl Gelal
- Department of Radiology, İzmir Katip Çelebi University, Atatürk Training and Research Hospital, İzmir, Turkey
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23
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Hoffmann K, Michalak M, Bońka A, Bryl W, Myśliński W, Kostrzewska M, Kopciuch D, Zaprutko T, Ratajczak P, Nowakowska E, Kus K, Paczkowska A. Association between Compliance with COVID-19 Restrictions and the Risk of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Poland. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:healthcare11060914. [PMID: 36981571 PMCID: PMC10048166 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11060914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
During the coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic it has become very important to comply with preventive measures. We aimed to assess compliance with applicable restrictions and to explore the links between the level of compliance and the risk of COVID-19. This cross-sectional study included Polish adults who were asked to complete a validated questionnaire. The study period was from 1 November 2020 to 31 January 2021 and a computer-assisted web interview method was chosen to perform the survey. The study involved 562 women and 539 men. COVID-19 was reported in 11.26% of participants. A good level of compliance with the sanitary restrictions was reported for 38.87% of participants, an average level of compliance for 47.96%, and a low level of compliance for 13.17%. A reduced risk of COVID-19 was associated with the following preventive measures: regular use of protective masks, social and physical distancing in public places, regular use of hand sanitizers with high ethanol content, and the use of disposable gloves in public places. Our survey revealed satisfactory public compliance with the pandemic restrictions. Sanitary and epidemiologic measures to prevent the pandemic were shown to be adequate and effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Hoffmann
- Department of Internal Diseases, Metabolic Disorders and Arterial Hypertension, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-572 Poznań, Poland
| | - Michał Michalak
- Department of Computer Science and Statistics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznań, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Bońka
- Department of Pharmacoeconomics and Social Pharmacy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznań, Poland
| | - Wiesław Bryl
- Department of Internal Diseases, Metabolic Disorders and Arterial Hypertension, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-572 Poznań, Poland
| | - Wojciech Myśliński
- Department of Internal Disease, Medical University of Lublin, 20-059 Lublin, Poland
| | - Magdalena Kostrzewska
- Department of Pulmonology, Allergology and Pulmonological Oncology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznań, Poland
| | - Dorota Kopciuch
- Department of Computer Science and Statistics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznań, Poland
| | - Tomasz Zaprutko
- Department of Computer Science and Statistics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznań, Poland
| | - Piotr Ratajczak
- Department of Computer Science and Statistics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznań, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Nowakowska
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Institute of Health Sciences, Collegium Medicum, University of Zielona Góra, 65-417 Zielona Góra, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Kus
- Department of Computer Science and Statistics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznań, Poland
| | - Anna Paczkowska
- Department of Computer Science and Statistics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznań, Poland
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24
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Liang Y, Buchanan BC, Khanthaphixay B, Zhou A, Quirk G, Worobey M, Yoon JY. Sensitive SARS-CoV-2 salivary antibody assays for clinical saline gargle samples using smartphone-based competitive particle immunoassay platforms. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 229:115221. [PMID: 36958205 PMCID: PMC10008095 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023]
Abstract
Antibody assay for SARS-CoV-2 has become increasingly important to track latent and asymptomatic infections, check the individual's immune status, and confirm vaccine efficacy and durability. However, current SARS-CoV-2 antibody assays require invasive blood collection, requiring a remote laboratory and a trained phlebotomist. Direct detection of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies from clinical saline gargle samples has been considered challenging due to the smaller number of antibodies in such specimens and the high limit of detection of currently available rapid tests. This work demonstrates simple and non-invasive methods for detecting SARS-CoV-2 salivary antibodies. Competitive particle immunoassays were developed on a paper microfluidic chip using the receptor-binding domain (RBD) antigens on spike proteins. Using a smartphone, they were monitored by counting the captured fluorescent particles or evaluating the capillary flow velocities. The limit of detection (LOD), cross-binding between alpha- and omicron-strains, and the effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) presence were investigated. LODs were 1-5 ng/mL in both 10% and 1% saliva. Clinical saline gargle samples were assayed using both methods, showing a statistical difference between virus-negative and virus-positive samples, although the assays targeted antibodies. Only a small number of virus-positive samples were antibody-negative. The high assay sensitivity detected a small number of antibodies developed even during the early phase of infections. Overall, this work demonstrates the ability to detect SARS-CoV-2 salivary IgG antibodies on simple, cost-effective, portable platforms towards mitigating SARS-CoV-2 and potentially other respiratory viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, United States
| | - Bailey C Buchanan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, United States
| | - Bradley Khanthaphixay
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, United States
| | - Avory Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, United States
| | - Grace Quirk
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, United States
| | - Michael Worobey
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, United States
| | - Jeong-Yeol Yoon
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, United States; Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, United States.
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25
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What is the role of proton pump inhibitors consumption on the clinical presentation and severity of COVID-19 infection? ANNALES PHARMACEUTIQUES FRANÇAISES 2023; 81:210-219. [PMID: 36049543 PMCID: PMC9422333 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharma.2022.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Proton pump inhibitors (PPI) are among the most prescribed drugs worldwide; therefore, assessing their effect on COVID-19 infection symptoms and severity is of great importance. This study was designed to evaluate the role of previous PPI consumption on the clinical presentation and severity of COVID-19. PATIENTS AND METHODS All adult COVID-19 patients were eligible in this observational cross-sectional study. The patients' demographic and clinical data, history of PPI consumption, and comorbid disease were recorded. Charlson comorbidity index (CCI) and quick COVID-19 severity index (qCSI) score were calculated for each patient. IBM SPSS version 25 was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS Totally 670 patients completed the study (PPI users=121). The average severity (qCSI) score of PPI user patients with comorbidity score of zero was significantly higher than non-users (P-value=0.001). Mortality rate was 6.6% and 3.8% in PPI-users and non-users respectively (P-value=0.117). PPI users were significantly more symptomatic compared to non-users (P-value=0.001). CONCLUSION We found that PPI users were meaningfully more symptomatic and had a higher severity (qCSI) score. Rational prescription of PPIs should be considered by physicians during and after the pandemic.
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Clinical Evaluation of an Antigen Home Test Using Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy and Stacking Pad for SARS-CoV-2 Screening with Nasal and Salivary Swab Samples. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:diagnostics13050880. [PMID: 36900022 PMCID: PMC10000415 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13050880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
This prospective study aimed to evaluate the performance of the InstaView COVID-19 (coronavirus diseases 2019) Antigen Home Test (InstaView AHT) which detects severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) antigens. In this test kit, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy was used, a stacking pad was inserted, and nasal swab and salivary swab samples were used simultaneously to improve performance. The clinical performance of the InstaView AHT was compared to that of RT-PCR using nasopharyngeal samples. The participants without any prior training were recruited and performed the sample collection, testing, and interpretation of the results by themselves. Of the 91 PCR-positive patients, 85 had positive InstaView AHT results. The sensitivity and specificity of the InstaView AHT were 93.4% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 86.2-97.5) and 99.4% (95% CI: 98.2-99.9). The sensitivity of the InstaView AHT was above 90% for all samples obtained from patients with Ct ≤ 20, 20 < Ct ≤ 25, and 25 < Ct ≤ 30 (100%, 95.1%, and 92.0%, respectively). The InstaView AHT can be used as an alternative to RT-PCR testing because of its relatively high sensitivity and specificity, especially when SARS-CoV-2 prevalence is high, and the availability of RT-PCR testing is limited.
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Clinical and Virological Features of SARS-CoV-2 Variants during the Four Waves of the Pandemic in the Mexican Southeast. Trop Med Infect Dis 2023; 8:tropicalmed8030134. [PMID: 36977135 PMCID: PMC10053031 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed8030134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
We conducted a retrospective study using a population of patients who were hospitalized at Dr. Juan Graham Casasus Hospital in Villahermosa (Tabasco, Mexico) and had a positive RT-PCR test for SARS-CoV-2 between June 2020 and January 2022. We analyzed all medical records, including demographic data, SARS-CoV-2 exposure history, underlying comorbidities, symptoms, signs at admission, laboratory findings during the hospital stay, outcome, and whole-genome sequencing data. Finally, the data were analyzed in different sub-groups according to distribution during waves of the COVID-19 pandemic regarding Mexican reports from June 2020 to January 2022. Of the 200 patients who tested positive via PCR for SARS-CoV-2, only 197 had samples that could be sequenced. Of the samples, 58.9% (n = 116) were males and 41.1% (n = 81) females, with a median age of 61.7 ± 17.0 years. Comparisons between the waves of the pandemic revealed there were significant differences in the fourth wave: the age of patients was higher (p = 0.002); comorbidities such as obesity were lower (p = 0.000), while CKD was higher (p = 0.011); and hospital stays were shorter (p = 0.003). The SARS-CoV-2 sequences revealed the presence of 11 clades in the study population. Overall, we found that adult patients admitted to a third-level Mexican hospital had a wide range of clinical presentations. The current study provides evidence for the simultaneous circulation of SARS-CoV-2 variants during the four pandemic waves.
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Komu JG, Jamsransuren D, Matsuda S, Ogawa H, Takeda Y. Efficacy Validation of SARS-CoV-2-Inactivation and Viral Genome Stability in Saliva by a Guanidine Hydrochloride and Surfactant-Based Virus Lysis/Transport Buffer. Viruses 2023; 15:v15020509. [PMID: 36851723 PMCID: PMC9959814 DOI: 10.3390/v15020509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
To enhance biosafety and reliability in SARS-CoV-2 molecular diagnosis, virus lysis/transport buffers should inactivate the virus and preserve viral RNA under various conditions. Herein, we evaluated the SARS-CoV-2-inactivating activity of guanidine hydrochloride (GuHCl)- and surfactant (hexadecyltrimethylammonium chloride (Hexa-DTMC))-based buffer, Prep Buffer A, (Precision System Science Co., Ltd., Matsudo, Japan) and its efficacy in maintaining the stability of viral RNA at different temperatures using the traditional real-time one-step RT-PCR and geneLEAD VIII sample-to-result platform. Although Prep Buffer A successfully inactivated SARS-CoV-2 in solutions with high and low organic substance loading, there was considerable viral genome degradation at 35 °C compared with that at 4 °C. The individual roles of GuHCl and Hexa-DTMC in virus inactivation and virus genome stability at 35 °C were clarified. Hexa-DTMC alone (0.384%), but not 1.5 M GuHCl alone, exhibited considerable virucidal activity, suggesting that it was essential for potently inactivating SARS-CoV-2 using Prep Buffer A. GuHCl and Hexa-DTMC individually reduced the viral copy numbers to the same degree as Prep Buffer A. Although both components inhibited RNase activity, Hexa-DTMC, but not GuHCl, directly destroyed naked viral RNA. Our findings suggest that samples collected in Prep Buffer A should be stored at 4 °C when RT-PCR will not be performed for several days.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Gitau Komu
- Graduate School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences and Agriculture, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, 2-11 Inada, Obihiro 080-8555, Hokkaido, Japan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Nairobi P.O. Box 62000-00200, Kenya
| | - Dulamjav Jamsransuren
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, 2-11 Inada, Obihiro 080-8555, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Sachiko Matsuda
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, 2-11 Inada, Obihiro 080-8555, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Haruko Ogawa
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, 2-11 Inada, Obihiro 080-8555, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yohei Takeda
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, 2-11 Inada, Obihiro 080-8555, Hokkaido, Japan
- Research Center for Global Agromedicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, 2-11 Inada, Obihiro 080-8555, Hokkaido, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-155-49-5896
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Xu J, Ma Y, Song Z, Sun W, Liu Y, Shu C, Hua H, Yang M, Liang Q. Evaluation of an automated CRISPR-based diagnostic tool for rapid detection of COVID-19. Heliyon 2023; 9:e13190. [PMID: 36712915 PMCID: PMC9868009 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The performance of an automated commercial CRISPR/Cas based technology was evaluated and compared with routine RT-PCR testing to diagnose COVID-19. Suspected and discharged COVID-19 cases were included and tested with CRISPR-based SARS-CoV-2 test and RT-PCR assay using throat swab and sputum specimens. The diagnostic yield was calculated and compared using the McNemar test. A total of 437 patients were included for analysis, including COVID-19 (n = 171), discharged cases (n = 155), and others (n = 111). For the diagnosis of COVID-19, the CRISPR-SARS-CoV-2 test had a sensitivity and specificity of 98.2% (168/171) and 100.0% (266/266), respectively; the RT-PCR test had a sensitivity and specificity of 100.0% (171/171) and 100.0% (266/266), respectively. No significant difference was found in the sensitivity of CRISPR-SARS-CoV-2 and RT-PCR. In conclusion, the CRISPR-SARS-CoV-2 test had a comparable performance with RT-PCR and showed several advantages, such as short assay time, low cost, and no requirement for expensive equipment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Xu
- Department for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Heilongjiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Yuanyuan Ma
- Department of Drug Clinical Trial, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China
| | - Zhigang Song
- Pathogen Detection and Biosafety Department, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China,Corresponding author
| | - Wei Sun
- Department for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Heilongjiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin 150030, China,Corresponding author
| | - Yi Liu
- Pathogen Detection and Biosafety Department, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China
| | - Chang Shu
- Department for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Heilongjiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Hua Hua
- Department for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Heilongjiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Ming Yang
- Department for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Heilongjiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Qi Liang
- Department for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Heilongjiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin 150030, China
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Prerana S, Ashwini P, Anupama KP, Prajna VS, Prithvisagar KS, Nayak A, Rai P, Rohit A, Karunasagar I, Karunasagar I, Maiti B. Evaluation of reverse transcriptase-polymerase spiral reaction assay for rapid and sensitive detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. Clin Chim Acta 2023; 539:144-150. [PMID: 36528050 PMCID: PMC9750508 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2022.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Existing real-time reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-qPCR) has certain limitations for the point-of-care detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) since it requires sophisticated instruments, reagents and skilled laboratory personnel. In this study, we evaluated an assay termed the reverse transcriptase-polymerase spiral reaction (RT-PSR) for rapid and visual detection of SARS-CoV-2. METHODS The RT-PSR assay was optimized using RdRp gene and evaluated for the detection of SARS-CoV-2. The time of 60min and a temperature of 63°C was optimized for targeting the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase gene of SARS-CoV-2. The sensitivity of the assay was evaluated by diluting the in-vitro transcribed RNA, which amplifies as low as ten copies. RESULTS The specific primers designed for this assay showed 100% specificity and did not react when tested with other lung infection-causing viruses and bacteria. The optimized assay was validated with 190 clinical samples in two phases, using automated RTPCR based TrueNat test, and the results were comparable. CONCLUSIONS The RT-PSR assay can be considered for rapid and sensitive detection of SARS-CoV-2, particularly in resource-limited settings. To our knowledge, there is as yet no RT-PSR-based kit developed for SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharan Prerana
- Nitte (Deemed to be University), Nitte University Centre for Science Education and Research (NUCSER), Division of Infectious Diseases, Paneer Campus, Deralakatte, Mangalore 575018, India
| | - Pai Ashwini
- Nitte (Deemed to be University), Nitte University Centre for Science Education and Research (NUCSER), Division of Infectious Diseases, Paneer Campus, Deralakatte, Mangalore 575018, India
| | - Karanth Padyana Anupama
- Nitte (Deemed to be University), Nitte University Centre for Science Education and Research (NUCSER), Division of Infectious Diseases, Paneer Campus, Deralakatte, Mangalore 575018, India
| | - Valakkunja Shankaranarayana Prajna
- Nitte (Deemed to be University), Nitte University Centre for Science Education and Research (NUCSER), Division of Infectious Diseases, Paneer Campus, Deralakatte, Mangalore 575018, India
| | - Kattapuni Suresh Prithvisagar
- Nitte (Deemed to be University), Nitte University Centre for Science Education and Research (NUCSER), Division of Infectious Diseases, Paneer Campus, Deralakatte, Mangalore 575018, India
| | - Ashwath Nayak
- Nitte (Deemed to be University), Nitte University Centre for Science Education and Research (NUCSER), Division of Infectious Diseases, Paneer Campus, Deralakatte, Mangalore 575018, India
| | - Praveen Rai
- Nitte (Deemed to be University), Nitte University Centre for Science Education and Research (NUCSER), Division of Infectious Diseases, Paneer Campus, Deralakatte, Mangalore 575018, India.
| | - Anusha Rohit
- Madras Medical Mission, Department of Microbiology, Dr. J. J. Nagar, Mogappair, Chennai 600037, India
| | - Indrani Karunasagar
- Nitte (Deemed to be University), University Enclave, Medical Sciences Complex, Deralakatte, Mangalore 575018, India
| | - Iddya Karunasagar
- Nitte (Deemed to be University), University Enclave, Medical Sciences Complex, Deralakatte, Mangalore 575018, India
| | - Biswajit Maiti
- Nitte (Deemed to be University), Nitte University Centre for Science Education and Research (NUCSER), Division of Infectious Diseases, Paneer Campus, Deralakatte, Mangalore 575018, India.
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Kaviani M, Azarpira N. Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Type 2: Insight Into Challenges for Cell Therapy. EXP CLIN TRANSPLANT 2023; 21:12-15. [PMID: 33622218 DOI: 10.6002/ect.2020.0239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 has affected more than 4 million people throughout the world since December 2019. It seems this infection has been the most insidious virus of the coronavirus family. This virus causes severe respiratory failure and symptoms in patients and can result in death. Designing a restrict protocol to deal with infections from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 is critical in cell therapy institutes. In this review, we present the important aspects related to this virus in cell therapy protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Kaviani
- From the Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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32
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Chikomba C, Dlamini S, George JA, Pillay T. COVID Diagnostics: From Molecules to Omics. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1412:141-158. [PMID: 37378765 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-28012-2_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
The identification and genetic sequencing of a novel coronavirus was key to the diagnosis and management of the global pandemic. An understanding of the SARS-CoV-2 structure and mechanism of injury is vital to explaining the disease course and the pathophysiology of the signs and symptoms observed. This particularly as the presentation, disease course, and severity are noted to be highly variable. The role of the spike protein and angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE-2) receptor in immune response and viral entry provides great insight into current and future diagnostics and therapeutics. This article reviews the traditional diagnostic methods, which include molecular testing methods, antigen testing, and antibody testing. The gold standard for diagnosis of COVID-19 is reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). There have been multiple improvements to these principles to help optimize the sensitivity, specificity, and user friendliness of the method. In addition, advancements in gene sequencing and identification have been integral to identifying variants and managing outbreaks. Serological and immunological testing have made significant contributions to the management of the COVID-19 pandemic, each with its unique benefits and limitations. A growing role of the laboratory is in triaging patients to determine which patients will most benefit from hospitalization and specialized care. This is imperative for rationalizing resources during outbreaks. As we learn to live with the pandemic, novel testing methods include the use of multiomic technologies and the greater utility of point of care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chemedzai Chikomba
- Department of Chemical Pathology. National Health Laboratory Services and University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Siphelele Dlamini
- Department of Chemical Pathology. National Health Laboratory Services and University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Jaya A George
- Wits Diagnostic and Innovation Hub, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
| | - Taryn Pillay
- Department of Chemical Pathology. National Health Laboratory Services and University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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33
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Nicoliche CYN, da Silva GS, Gomes-de-Pontes L, Schleder GR, Lima RS. Single-Response Electronic Tongue and Machine Learning Enable the Multidetermination of Extracellular Vesicle Biomarkers for Cancer Diagnostics Without Recognition Elements. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2679:83-94. [PMID: 37300610 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3271-0_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Platforms based on impedimetric electronic tongue (nonselective sensor) and machine learning are promising to bring disease screening biosensors into mainstream use toward straightforward, fast, and accurate analyses at the point-of-care, thus contributing to rationalize and decentralize laboratory tests with social and economic impacts being achieved. By combining a low-cost and scalable electronic tongue with machine learning, in this chapter, we describe the simultaneous determination of two extracellular vesicle (EV) biomarkers, i.e., the concentrations of EV and carried proteins, in mice blood with Ehrlich tumor from a single impedance spectrum without using biorecognizing elements. This tumor shows primary features of mammary tumor cells. Pencil HB core electrodes are integrated into polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microfluidic chip. The platform shows the highest throughput in comparison with the methods addressed in the literature to determine EV biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Y N Nicoliche
- Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratory, Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials, Campinas, SP, Brazil
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Leticia Gomes-de-Pontes
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Gabriel R Schleder
- Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratory, Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials, Campinas, SP, Brazil
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Renato S Lima
- Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratory, Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
- São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
- Federal University of ABC, Santo André, SP, Brazil.
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34
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Liu J, Chen P, Hu X, Huang L, Geng Z, Xu H, Hu W, Wang L, Wu P, Liu GL. An ultra-sensitive and specific nanoplasmonic-enhanced isothermal amplification platform for the ultrafast point-of-care testing of SARS-CoV-2. CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL (LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND : 1996) 2023; 451:138822. [PMID: 36060034 PMCID: PMC9420202 DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2022.138822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The novel mutations attributed by the high mutagenicity of the SARS-CoV-2 makes its prevention and treatment challenging. Developing an ultra-fast, point-of-care-test (POCT) protocol is critical for responding to large-scale spread of SARS-CoV-2 in public places and in resource-poor remote areas. Here, we developed a nanoplasmonic enhanced isothermal amplification (NanoPEIA) strategy that combines a nanoplasmonic sensor with isothermal amplification. The novel strategy provides an ideal easy-to operate detection platform for obtaining accurate, ultra-fast and high-throughput (96 samples can be tested together) data. For clinical samples with viral detection at Ct value <25, the entire process (including sample preparation, virus lysis, detection, and data analysis) can be completed within six minutes. The method is also appropriate for detection of SARS-CoV-2 γ-coronavirus mutants. The NanoPEIA method was validated using clinical samples from 21 patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection and 31 healthy individuals. The detection result on the 52 clinical samples for SARS-CoV-2 showed that the NanoPEIA platform had a 100% sensitivity for N and orf1ab genes, which was higher than those obtained using RT-qPCR (88.9% and 90.0%, respectively). The specificities of 31 clinical negative samples were 92.3% and 91.7% for the N gene and the orf1ab gene, respectively. The limits of detection (LoD) of the clinical samples were 28.3 copies/mL and 23.3 copies/mL for the N gene and the orf1ab gene, respectively. The efficient NanoPEIA detection strategy facilitates real-time detection and visualization within ultrashort durations and can be applied for POCT diagnosis in resource-poor and highly populated areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juxiang Liu
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luo Yu Road, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Ping Chen
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luo Yu Road, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xulong Hu
- Institute of Geophysics and Geomatics, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Liping Huang
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luo Yu Road, Wuhan 430074, China
- Liangzhun (Shanghai) Industrial Co. Ltd, Shanghai 200336, China
| | - Zhi Geng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Hao Xu
- Liangzhun (Shanghai) Industrial Co. Ltd, Shanghai 200336, China
| | - Wenjun Hu
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luo Yu Road, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
- Research Center for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Ping Wu
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luo Yu Road, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Gang L Liu
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luo Yu Road, Wuhan 430074, China
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Shoute LCT, Abdelrasoul GN, Ma Y, Duarte PA, Edwards C, Zhuo R, Zeng J, Feng Y, Charlton CL, Kanji JN, Babiuk S, Chen J. Label-free impedimetric immunosensor for point-of-care detection of COVID-19 antibodies. MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING 2023; 9:3. [PMID: 36597510 PMCID: PMC9805445 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-022-00460-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has posed enormous challenges for existing diagnostic tools to detect and monitor pathogens. Therefore, there is a need to develop point-of-care (POC) devices to perform fast, accurate, and accessible diagnostic methods to detect infections and monitor immune responses. Devices most amenable to miniaturization and suitable for POC applications are biosensors based on electrochemical detection. We have developed an impedimetric immunosensor based on an interdigitated microelectrode array (IMA) to detect and monitor SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in human serum. Conjugation chemistry was applied to functionalize and covalently immobilize the spike protein (S-protein) of SARS-CoV-2 on the surface of the IMA to serve as the recognition layer and specifically bind anti-spike antibodies. Antibodies bound to the S-proteins in the recognition layer result in an increase in capacitance and a consequent change in the impedance of the system. The impedimetric immunosensor is label-free and uses non-Faradaic impedance with low nonperturbing AC voltage for detection. The sensitivity of a capacitive immunosensor can be enhanced by simply tuning the ionic strength of the sample solution. The device exhibits an LOD of 0.4 BAU/ml, as determined from the standard curve using WHO IS for anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulins; this LOD is similar to the corresponding LODs reported for all validated and established commercial assays, which range from 0.41 to 4.81 BAU/ml. The proof-of-concept biosensor has been demonstrated to detect anti-spike antibodies in sera from patients infected with COVID-19 within 1 h. Photolithographically microfabricated interdigitated microelectrode array sensor chips & label-free impedimetric detection of COVID-19 antibody.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian C. T. Shoute
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2V4 Canada
| | - Gaser N. Abdelrasoul
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2V4 Canada
| | - Yuhao Ma
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2V4 Canada
| | - Pedro A. Duarte
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2V4 Canada
| | - Cole Edwards
- Public Health Laboratory, Alberta Precision Laboratories, Edmonton, AB Canada
| | - Ran Zhuo
- Public Health Laboratory, Alberta Precision Laboratories, Edmonton, AB Canada
| | - Jie Zeng
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2V4 Canada
| | - Yiwei Feng
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2V4 Canada
| | - Carmen L. Charlton
- Public Health Laboratory, Alberta Precision Laboratories, Edmonton, AB Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2B7 Canada
- Li Ka Shing Institute for Virology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB Canada
| | - Jamil N. Kanji
- Public Health Laboratory, Alberta Precision Laboratories, Edmonton, AB Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2B7 Canada
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB Canada
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB Canada
| | - Shawn Babiuk
- National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, MB Canada
- Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB Canada
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2V4 Canada
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3 Canada
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36
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Velázquez-Vázquez MG, Alberti-Minutti P, Campos-Aguirre E, Benítez-Arvizu G. [Seroprevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies in resident physicians]. REVISTA MEDICA DEL INSTITUTO MEXICANO DEL SEGURO SOCIAL 2023; 61:S28-S32. [PMID: 36378067 PMCID: PMC10395998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Background COVID-19 pandemic spread around the world swiftly; there are several diagnostic strategies available. Health workers, especially medical residents (MR), are a high-risk population for acquiring this infection. Objective To estimate the seroprevalence of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 and the associated factors in MR of a third level hospital. Material and methods 330 MR from different specialties were evaluated with a questionnaire and collection of blood samples for analysis by microparticle chemiluminescent immunoassay. The prevalence of previous infection was defined by seropositivity of these antibodies. Descriptive statistics and concordance between the RT-PCR tests and the presence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG were used. Results Of 330 MR, 84.5% actively participated in COVID patient care. One out of 3 reported symptoms of COVID-19; in 67.6% the possible site of infection was a hospital setting not associated with the COVID area. Out of 71 symptomatic subjects, 61.9% underwent RT-PCR against SARS-CoV-2; 20 were positive. In 15.8% of the total, the presence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies was determined. Only 1 out of 3 subjects with a positive PCR had antibodies, and 11.3% of the cases, even with a positive RT-PCR test, did not develop humoral immunity. Conclusions The seroprevalence was lower than that reported at the national level, potentially due to protection measures. The main risk factor was contact with the virus in areas of the hospital not related to COVID, making it imperative to reinforce security protocols in those spaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Guadalupe Velázquez-Vázquez
- Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Hospital de Especialidades “Dr. Bernardo Sepúlveda Gutiérrez”, Servicio de Medicina Interna. Ciudad de México, México Instituto Mexicano del Seguro SocialMéxico
| | - Paolo Alberti-Minutti
- Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Hospital de Especialidades “Dr. Bernardo Sepúlveda Gutiérrez”, Servicio de Medicina Interna. Ciudad de México, México Instituto Mexicano del Seguro SocialMéxico
| | - Esmeralda Campos-Aguirre
- Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Hospital de Especialidades “Dr. Bernardo Sepúlveda Gutiérrez”, Unidad Complementaria Banco de Sangre. Ciudad de México, México Instituto Mexicano del Seguro SocialMéxico
| | - Gamaliel Benítez-Arvizu
- Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Hospital de Especialidades “Dr. Bernardo Sepúlveda Gutiérrez”, Unidad Complementaria Banco de Sangre. Ciudad de México, México Instituto Mexicano del Seguro SocialMéxico
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Campos-Aguirre E, Martínez-Álvarez JC, Arrazola-García MA, Arroyo-García OD, Delgado-Colín MG, Chávez-Durán MÁ, Galván-Bobadilla AI, Benítez-Arvizu G. [PCR for COVID in the transplant protocol]. REVISTA MEDICA DEL INSTITUTO MEXICANO DEL SEGURO SOCIAL 2023; 61:S33-S36. [PMID: 36378084 PMCID: PMC10395893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Background Since the beginning of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, identifying the COVID-19 pathophysiology not only has been addressed to applying diagnostic tests or preventing through vaccines, but also to the timely detection, especially of patients in risk groups such as those in transplants areas (renal, hematology, etcetera). In the case of these patients, using RT-PCR tests avoids putting them at risk by subjecting them to states of immunosuppression that could aggravate their situation if they were faced with an onset of a COVID-19 infection. Objective To present the results of patients of a transplant unit tested for SARS-CoV-2. Material and methods Descriptive, observational, cross-sectional, and retrolective study. Data of results of RT-PCR tests of patients who underwent transplantation from June 2021 to April 2022 in a third level hospital were collected. Results 755 tests were done to patients who underwent transplantation. 384 (50.8%) were women. Out of all patients, only 73 (9.7%) were positive to SARS-CoV-2. Conclusions Implementing RT-PCR tests as a transplant protocol to detect SARS-CoV-2 prevents fatal complications due to COVID infection to donors and receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esmeralda Campos-Aguirre
- Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Hospital de Especialidades “Dr. Bernardo Sepúlveda Gutiérrez”, Unidad Complementaria Banco de Sangre. Ciudad de México, MéxicoInstituto Mexicano del Seguro SocialMéxico
| | - Julio César Martínez-Álvarez
- Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Hospital de Especialidades “Dr. Bernardo Sepúlveda Gutiérrez”, Unidad Complementaria Banco de Sangre. Ciudad de México, MéxicoInstituto Mexicano del Seguro SocialMéxico
| | - María Araceli Arrazola-García
- Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Hospital de Especialidades “Dr. Bernardo Sepúlveda Gutiérrez”, Unidad Complementaria Banco de Sangre. Ciudad de México, MéxicoInstituto Mexicano del Seguro SocialMéxico
| | - Oscar David Arroyo-García
- Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Hospital de Especialidades “Dr. Bernardo Sepúlveda Gutiérrez”, Unidad Complementaria Banco de Sangre. Ciudad de México, MéxicoInstituto Mexicano del Seguro SocialMéxico
| | - María Guadalupe Delgado-Colín
- Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Hospital de Especialidades “Dr. Bernardo Sepúlveda Gutiérrez”, Unidad Complementaria Banco de Sangre. Ciudad de México, MéxicoInstituto Mexicano del Seguro SocialMéxico
| | - Miguel Ángel Chávez-Durán
- Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Hospital de Especialidades “Dr. Bernardo Sepúlveda Gutiérrez”, Unidad Complementaria Banco de Sangre. Ciudad de México, MéxicoInstituto Mexicano del Seguro SocialMéxico
| | - Alexis Ignacio Galván-Bobadilla
- Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Hospital de Especialidades “Dr. Bernardo Sepúlveda Gutiérrez”, Unidad Complementaria Banco de Sangre. Ciudad de México, MéxicoInstituto Mexicano del Seguro SocialMéxico
| | - Gamaliel Benítez-Arvizu
- Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Hospital de Especialidades “Dr. Bernardo Sepúlveda Gutiérrez”, Unidad Complementaria Banco de Sangre. Ciudad de México, MéxicoInstituto Mexicano del Seguro SocialMéxico
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Chen H, Zhang L, Zhang W, Dai Z, Chen T, Wei Y, Chen M. Clinical characteristics and remission of nine cases with coronavirus disease 2019 infection in Zunyi, Southwest of China: A retrospective study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e31494. [PMID: 36595797 PMCID: PMC9794302 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000031494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a rock-ribbed public pandemic and caused substantial health concerns worldwide. In addition to therapeutic strategies, the epidemiologic features and clinical characteristics of patients responded to COVID-19 infection are of equal importance. The study aims to systematically evaluate the clinical presentations and remission of cases with COVID-19 infection in Zunyi, Southwest of China, and to determine the similarities and variations for further clinical classification and comprehensive treatment. Herein, we conducted a retrospective study upon 9 patients in Zunyi, southwest of China, including 1 mild (LPA), 5 severe (SPA) and 3 critical (CPA) types of COVID-19 infection. In details, the demographic data, historical epidemiology, previous medical history, clinical symptoms and complications, laboratory examination, chest imaging, treatment and outcomes of the patients were throughout explored. The non-normal distribution of the data was conducted by utilizing the SPSS software, and significant statistical differences were identified when P < .05. By retrospective analysis of the 9 cases, we found there were multifaceted similarities and differences among them in clinical representation. The patients collectively showed negative for nucleic acid test (NAT) and favorable prognosis after receiving comprehensive therapy such as hormonotherapy, hemopruification, and antiviral administration as well as respiratory support. On the basis of the information, we systematically dissected the clinical features and outcomes of the enrolled patients with COVID-19 and the accompanied multiple syndromes, which would serve as new references for clinical classification and comprehensive treatment. Analysis of clinical characteristics and therapeutic effect of 9 cases of novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19), ChiCTR2000031930. Registered April 15, 2020 (retrospective registration).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjun Chen
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- Department of Cerebrovascular Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Leisheng Zhang
- Stem Cell Bank of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Health-Biotech Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Guiyang, China
- Jiangxi Research Center of Stem Cell Engineering, Jiangxi Health-Biotech Stem Cell Technology Co., Ltd., Shangrao, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Rheumatic and Immune Diseases, Qianfoshan Hospital & The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Ji-nan, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- Department of Cerebrovascular Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Zhihua Dai
- Stem Cell Bank of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Health-Biotech Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Guiyang, China
| | - Tao Chen
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- Department of Cerebrovascular Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Yiyong Wei
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Miao Chen
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- * Correspondence: Miao Chen, Department of Intensive Care Unit, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China (e-mail: )
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Novel bridge multi-species ELISA for detection of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. J Immunol Methods 2022; 511:113365. [PMID: 36202252 PMCID: PMC9529351 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2022.113365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Considering the course of the current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, it is important to have serological tests for monitoring humoral immune response against SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination. Herein we describe a novel bridge enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (b-ELISA) for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies detection in human and other species, employing recombinant Spike protein as a unique antigen, which is produced at high scale in insect larvae. METHODS Eighty two human control sera/plasmas and 169 COVID-19 patients' sera/plasmas, confirmed by rRT-PCR, were analyzed by the b-ELISA assay. In addition, a total of 27 animal sera (5 horses, 13 rats, 2 cats and 7 dogs) were employed in order to evaluate the b-ELISA in other animal species. RESULTS Out of the 169 patient samples, 129 were positive for IgG anti-SARS-CoV-2 and 40 were negative when they were tested by ELISA COVIDAR® IgG. When a cut-off value of 5.0 SDs was established, 124 out of the 129 COVID-19 positive samples were also positive by our developed b-ELISA (sensitivity: 96.12%). Moreover, the test was able to evaluate the humoral immune response in animal models and also detected as positive a naturally infected cat and two dogs with symptoms, whose owners had suffered the COVID-19 disease. CONCLUSION The obtained results demonstrate that the method developed herein is versatile, as it is able to detect antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in different animal species without the need to perform and optimize a new assay for each species.
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SARS-CoV-2 Serology: Utility and Limits of Different Antigen-Based Tests through the Evaluation and the Comparison of Four Commercial Tests. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10123106. [PMID: 36551862 PMCID: PMC9775032 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10123106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: SARS-CoV-2 serology have several indications. Currently, as there are various types available, it is important to master their performance in order to choose the best test for the indication. We evaluated and compared four different commercial serology tests, three of them had the Food and Drug Administration Emergency Use Authorization (FDA-EUA). Our goal was to provide new data to help guide the interpretation and the choice of the serological tests. Methods: Four commercial tests were studied: Elecsys® Roche® on Cobas® (total anti-nucleocapsid (N) antibodies), VIDAS® Biomerieux® (IgM and IgG anti- receptor binding domain (RBD) antibodies), Mindray® (IgM and IgG anti-N and anti-RBD antibodies) and Access® Beckman Coulter® (IgG anti-RBD antibodies). Two panels were tested: a positive panel (n = 72 sera) obtained from COVID-19-confirmed patients with no vaccination history and a negative panel (n = 119) of pre-pandemic sera. The analytical performances were evaluated and the ROC curve was drawn to assess the manufacturer’s cut-off for each test. Results: A large range of variability between the tests was found. The Mindray®IgG and Cobas® tests showed the best overall sensitivity, which was equal to 79.2% CI 95% (67.9−87.8). The Cobas® test showed the best sensitivity after 14 days of COVID-19 molecular confirmation; which was equal to 85.4% CI 95% (72.2−93.9). The Access® test had a lower sensitivity, even after day 14 (55.5% CI 95% (43.4−67.3)). The best specificity was noted for the Cobas®, VIDAS®IgG and Access® IgG tests (100% CI 95% (96.9−100)). The IgM tests, VIDAS®IgM and Mindray®IgM, showed the lowest specificity and sensitivity rates. Overall, only 43 out of 72 sera (59.7%) showed concordant results by all tests. Retained cut-offs for a significantly better sensitivity and accuracy, without significant change in the specificity, were: 0.87 for Vidas®IgM (p = 0.01) and 0.14 for Access® (p < 10−4). The combination of Cobas® with Vidas® IgM and IgG offered the best accuracy in comparison with all other tests combinations. Conclusion: Although using an FDA-EUA approved serology test, each laboratory should carry out its own evaluation. Tests variability may raise some concerns that seroprevalence studies may vary significantly based on the used serology test.
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Primpray V, Kamsong W, Pakapongpan S, Phochakum K, Kaewchaem A, Sappat A, Wisitsoraat A, Lomas T, Tuantranont A, Karuwan C. An alternative ready-to-use electrochemical immunosensor for point-of-care COVID-19 diagnosis using graphene screen-printed electrodes coupled with a 3D-printed portable potentiostat. TALANTA OPEN 2022; 6:100155. [PMID: 36212546 PMCID: PMC9529345 DOI: 10.1016/j.talo.2022.100155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a cause of worldwide Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) disease pandemic. It is thus important to develop ultra-sensitive, rapid and easy-to-use methods for the identification of COVID-19 infected patients. Herein, an alternative electrochemical immunosensor based on poly(pyrrolepropionic acid) (pPPA) modified graphene screen-printed electrode (GSPE) was proposed for rapid COVID-19 detection. The method was based on a competitive enzyme immunoassay process utilizing horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-conjugated SARS-CoV-2 as a reporter binding molecule to compete binding with antibody against the SARS-CoV-2 receptor binding domain (SARS-CoV-2 RBD) protein. This strategy enhanced the current signal via the enzymatic reaction of HRP-conjugated SARS-CoV-2 RBD antibody on the electrode surface. The modification, immobilization, blocking, and detection processes were optimized and evaluated by amperometry. The quantitative analysis of SARS-CoV-2 was conducted based on competitive enzyme immunoassay with amperometric detection using a 3D-printed portable potentiostat for point-of-care COVID-19 diagnosis. The current measurements at -0.2 V yielded a calibration curve with a linear range of 0.01-1500 ng mL-1 (r2 = 0.983), a low detection limit of 2 pg mL-1 and a low quantification limit of 10 pg mL-1. In addition, the analyzed results of practical samples using the developed method were successfully verified with ELISA and RT-PCR. Therefore, the proposed portable electrochemical immunosensor is highly sensitive, rapid, and reliable. Thus, it is an alternative ready-to-use sensor for COVID-19 point-of-care diagnosis.
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Ahmadi M, Alizadeh-Navaei R, Haghshenas M, Mousavi T, Saeedi M, Hedayatizadeh-Omran A, Valadan R. Differential gene expression of SARS-CoV-2 transcriptome provides insight into the design of more sensitive diagnostic tests. HUMAN GENE 2022; 34. [PMID: 37521443 PMCID: PMC9549717 DOI: 10.1016/j.humgen.2022.201116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is being addressed through RT-PCR, a frontline diagnostic technique. We evaluated gene expression patterns to improve the accuracy and sensitivity of current diagnostic tests. We downloaded relevant next-generation sequencing (NGS) data from the Sequence Read Archive (SRA) database, checked for quality, and mapped them onto the target reference sequence. It was determined that ORF1ab, N, S, and ORF8 genes are mainly expressed based on the results of the quantitative evaluation after normalization by HPRT and elimination of insufficient expression data. ORF8, ORF3a, and M genes were found to have higher expression values than the E gene as a routine RT-PCR detector gene (p*0.05). M gene expression values are also close to ORF8 values. Taking into account the importance of differential expression of genes in the design of diagnostic kits as well as the findings of from this study, it is likely that the M gene is worth further investigation due to its high expression and low mutation rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohadeseh Ahmadi
- Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Center, Non-communicable Diseases Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Reza Alizadeh-Navaei
- Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Center, Non-communicable Diseases Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Haghshenas
- Department of Microbiology, Molecular and Cell-Biology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Tahoora Mousavi
- Molecular and Cell Biology Research Center, Hemoglobinopathy Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Majid Saeedi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Akbar Hedayatizadeh-Omran
- Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Center, Non-communicable Diseases Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Reza Valadan
- Department of Immunology, Molecular and Cell Biology Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran,Corresponding author
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Bello-Lemus Y, Anaya-Romero M, Gómez-Montoya J, Árquez M, González-Torres HJ, Navarro-Quiroz E, Pacheco-Londoño L, Pacheco-Lugo L, Acosta-Hoyos AJ. Comparative Analysis of In-House RT-qPCR Detection of SARS-CoV-2 for Resource-Constrained Settings. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:2883. [PMID: 36428942 PMCID: PMC9689939 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12112883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We developed and standardized an efficient and cost-effective in-house RT-PCR method to detect severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). We evaluated sensitivity, specificity, and other statistical parameters by different RT-qPCR methods including triplex, duplex, and simplex assays adapted from the initial World Health Organization- (WHO) recommended protocol. This protocol included the identification of the E envelope gene (E gene; specific to the Sarvecovirus genus), RdRp gene of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (specific for SARS-CoV-2), and RNase P gene as endogenous control. The detection limit of the E and the RdRp genes were 3.8 copies and 33.8 copies per 1 µL of RNA, respectively, in both triplex and duplex reactions. The sensitivity for the RdRp gene in the triplex and duplex RT-qPCR tests were 98.3% and 83.1%, respectively. We showed a decrease in sensitivity for the RdRp gene by 60% when the E gene acquired Ct values > 31 in the diagnostic tests. This is associated with the specific detection limit of each gene and possible interferences in the protocol. Hence, developing efficient and cost-effective methodologies that can be adapted to various health emergency scenarios is important, especially in developing countries or settings where resources are limited.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Antonio J. Acosta-Hoyos
- Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Barranquilla 080002, Colombia
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Evaluation of commercially available fully automated and ELISA-based assays for detecting anti-SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies. Sci Rep 2022; 12:19020. [PMID: 36347859 PMCID: PMC9643483 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-21317-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapid and accurate measurement of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2)-specific neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) is paramount for monitoring immunity in infected and vaccinated subjects. The current gold standard relies on pseudovirus neutralization tests which require sophisticated skills and facilities. Alternatively, recent competitive immunoassays measuring anti-SARS-CoV-2 nAbs are proposed as a quick and commercially available surrogate virus neutralization test (sVNT). Here, we report the performance evaluation of three sVNTs, including two ELISA-based assays and an automated bead-based immunoassay for detecting nAbs against SARS-CoV-2. The performance of three sVNTs, including GenScript cPass, Dynamiker, and Mindray NTAb was assessed in samples collected from SARS-CoV-2 infected patients (n = 160), COVID-19 vaccinated individuals (n = 163), and pre-pandemic controls (n = 70). Samples were collected from infected patients and vaccinated individuals 2-24 weeks after symptoms onset or second dose administration. Correlation analysis with pseudovirus neutralization test (pVNT) and immunoassays detecting anti-SARS-CoV-2 binding antibodies was performed. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was generated to assess the optimal threshold for detecting nAbs by each assay. All three sVNTs showed an excellent performance in terms of specificity (100%) and sensitivity (100%, 97.0%, and 97.1% for GenScript, Dynamiker, and Mindray, respectively) in samples collected from vaccinated subjects. GenScript demonstrated the strongest correlation with pVNT (r = 0.743, R2 = 0.552), followed by Mindray (r = 0.718, R2 = 0.515) and Dynamiker (r = 0.608, R2 = 0.369). Correlation with anti-SARS-CoV-2 binding antibodies was variable, but the strongest correlations were observed between anti-RBD IgG antibodies and Mindray (r = 0.952, R2 = 0.907). ROC curve analyses demonstrated excellent performance for all three sVNT assays in both groups, with an AUC ranging between 0.99 and 1.0 (p < 0.0001). Also, it was shown that the manufacturer's recommended cutoff values could be modified based on the tested cohort without significantly affecting the sVNT performance. The sVNT provides a rapid, low-cost, and scalable alternative to conventional neutralization assays for measuring and expanding nAbs testing across various research and clinical settings. Also, it could aid in evaluating actual protective immunity at the population level and assessing vaccine effectiveness to lay a foundation for boosters' requirements.
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Alsayed AR, Al-Dulaimi A, Alkhatib M, Al Maqbali M, Al-Najjar MAA, Al-Rshaidat MMD. A comprehensive clinical guide for Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia: a missing therapeutic target in HIV-uninfected patients. Expert Rev Respir Med 2022; 16:1167-1190. [PMID: 36440485 DOI: 10.1080/17476348.2022.2152332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pneumocystis jirovecii is an opportunistic, human-specific fungus that causes Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP). PCP symptoms are nonspecific. A patient with P. jirovecii and another lung infection faces a diagnostic challenge. It may be difficult to determine which of these agents is responsible for the clinical symptoms, preventing effective treatment. Diagnostic and treatment efforts have been made more difficult by the rising frequency with which coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) and PCP co-occur. AREAS COVERED Herein, we provide a comprehensive review of clinical and pharmacological recommendations along with a literature review of PCP in immunocompromised patients focusing on HIV-uninfected patients. EXPERT OPINION PCP may be masked by identifying co-existing pathogens that are not necessarily responsible for the observed infection. Patients with severe form COVID-19 should be examined for underlying immunodeficiency, and co-infections must be considered as co-infection with P. jirovecii may worsen COVID-19's severity and fatality. PCP should be investigated in patients with PCP risk factors who come with pneumonia and suggestive radiographic symptoms but have not previously received PCP prophylaxis. PCP prophylaxis should be explored in individuals with various conditions that impair the immune system, depending on their PCP risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad R Alsayed
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Abdullah Al-Dulaimi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Mohammad Alkhatib
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Roma, Italy
| | - Mohammed Al Maqbali
- Department of Nursing Midwifery and Health, Northumbria University, Newcastle-Upon-Tyne, UK
| | - Mohammad A A Al-Najjar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Pharmaceutics, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Kingdom of Jordan
| | - Mamoon M D Al-Rshaidat
- Laboratory for Molecular and Microbial Ecology (LaMME), Department of Biological Sciences, School of Sciences, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
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Críales-Vera S, Saucedo-Orozco H, Iturralde-Torres P, Martínez-Mota G, Dávila-Medina E, Guarner-Lans V, Manzano-Pech L, Pérez-Torres I, Soto ME. Tomography and Prognostic Indices in the State of the Art of Evaluation in Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19 Pneumonia. Pathogens 2022; 11:1281. [PMID: 36365031 PMCID: PMC9697491 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11111281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Evaluation in medical emergencies of COVID-19 patients represents a challenge to regulate preventive and timely management. There are key imaging and laboratory tools to classify the severity. The aim of the study was to evaluate the chest CT score performance and prognostic indices in COVID-19 patients to predict the progression to critical illness. This was a retrospective study between run between April and December 2020, in which 109 patients were included. Patients of any age and gender and who required hospitalization due to a confirmed COVID-19 diagnosis by RT-PCR and chest CT and laboratory were analyzed. In 75% of them, there was at least one comorbidity, and 30% developed critical illness, and the average mortality was 10%. In 49.5%, there was a CORADS-5 on admission, and in 50%, there was a peripheral distribution of the interstitial infiltrate in the left lower lobe. The risk factors were FiO2, CT score > 18, and the NRL index. The combination of the high-risk Quick COVID-19 Severity Index (qCSI) plus CT score > 18 indices was the best prediction index for the development of a critical condition. The combined use of indices in infected COVID-19 patients showed diagnostic accuracy and predicted severity. Imaging and the laboratory tests are key tools independent of the wave of recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Críales-Vera
- Department of Computed Tomography, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Juan Badiano 1, Col. Sección XVI, Del. Tlalpan, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Huitzilihuitl Saucedo-Orozco
- Cardioneumology Department, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Juan Badiano 1, Col. Sección XVI, Del. Tlalpan, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
- Cardioneumology Department, Specialty Hospital, National Medical Center “La Raza” Mexican Social Security Institute, Seris and Zachila, La Raza, Azcapotzalco, Mexico City 02990, Mexico
| | - Pedro Iturralde-Torres
- Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Juan Badiano 1, Col. Sección XVI, Del. Tlalpan, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Gustavo Martínez-Mota
- Department of Computed Tomography, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Juan Badiano 1, Col. Sección XVI, Del. Tlalpan, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Estefanía Dávila-Medina
- Department of Computed Tomography, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Juan Badiano 1, Col. Sección XVI, Del. Tlalpan, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Verónica Guarner-Lans
- Department of Physiology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Juan Badiano 1, Col. Sección XVI, Del. Tlalpan, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Linaloe Manzano-Pech
- Department of Cardiovascular Biomedicine, Instituto Nacional de Cardiologíaa Ignacio Chávez, Juan Badiano 1, Col. Sección XVI, Del. Tlalpan, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Israel Pérez-Torres
- Department of Cardiovascular Biomedicine, Instituto Nacional de Cardiologíaa Ignacio Chávez, Juan Badiano 1, Col. Sección XVI, Del. Tlalpan, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - María Elena Soto
- Department of Immunology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Juan Badiano 1, Col. Sección XVI, Del. Tlalpan, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
- Line of Cardiovascular Research of the American British Cowdray Centro Medico ABC IAP, México Sur 136 116, Las Americas, Álvaro Obregón 01120, Mexico
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47
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Zhang X, Yang Y, Cao J, Qi Z, Li G. Point-of-care CRISPR/Cas biosensing technology: A promising tool for preventing the possible COVID-19 resurgence caused by contaminated cold-chain food and packaging. FOOD FRONTIERS 2022; 4:FFT2176. [PMID: 36712576 PMCID: PMC9874772 DOI: 10.1002/fft2.176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/1912] [Revised: 12/12/1912] [Accepted: 12/12/1912] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused great public health concern and has been a global threat due to its high transmissibility and morbidity. Although the SARS-CoV-2 transmission mainly relies on the person-to-person route through the respiratory droplets, the possible transmission through the contaminated cold-chain food and packaging to humans has raised widespread concerns. This review discussed the possibility of SARS-CoV-2 transmission via the contaminated cold-chain food and packaging by tracing the occurrence, the survival of SARS-CoV-2 in the contaminated cold-chain food and packaging, as well as the transmission and outbreaks related to the contaminated cold-chain food and packaging. Rapid, accurate, and reliable diagnostics of SARS-CoV-2 is of great importance for preventing and controlling the COVID-19 resurgence. Therefore, we summarized the recent advances on the emerging clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas system-based biosensing technology that is promising and powerful for preventing the possible COVID-19 resurgence caused by the contaminated cold-chain food and packaging during the COVID-19 pandemic, including CRISPR/Cas system-based biosensors and their integration with portable devices (e.g., smartphone, lateral flow assays, microfluidic chips, and nanopores). Impressively, this review not only provided an insight on the possibility of SARS-CoV-2 transmission through the food supply chain, but also proposed the future opportunities and challenges on the development of CRISPR/Cas system-based detection methods for the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianlong Zhang
- Food safety and Quality Control Innovation team, Department of Food Science and EngineeringSchool of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and TechnologyXi'an710021China
| | - Yan Yang
- Food safety and Quality Control Innovation team, Department of Food Science and EngineeringSchool of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and TechnologyXi'an710021China
| | - Juanjuan Cao
- Food safety and Quality Control Innovation team, Department of Food Science and EngineeringSchool of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and TechnologyXi'an710021China
| | - Zihe Qi
- Food safety and Quality Control Innovation team, Department of Food Science and EngineeringSchool of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and TechnologyXi'an710021China
| | - Guoliang Li
- Food safety and Quality Control Innovation team, Department of Food Science and EngineeringSchool of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and TechnologyXi'an710021China
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Perego M, Iesari S, Gandolfo MT, Alfieri C, Delbue S, Cacciola R, Ferraresso M, Favi E. Outcomes of Patients Receiving a Kidney Transplant or Remaining on the Transplant Waiting List at the Epicentre of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Europe: An Observational Comparative Study. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11101144. [PMID: 36297201 PMCID: PMC9610233 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11101144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the declaration of the COVID-19 pandemic, the number of kidney transplants (KT) performed worldwide has plummeted. Besides the generalised healthcare crisis, this unprecedented drop has multiple explanations such as the risk of viral transmission through the allograft, the perceived increase in SARS-CoV-2-related morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised hosts, and the virtual "safety" of dialysis while awaiting effective antiviral prophylaxis or treatment. Our institution, operating at the epicentre of the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy, has continued the KT programme without pre-set limitations. In this single-centre retrospective observational study with one-year follow-up, we assessed the outcomes of patients who had undergone KT (KTR) or remained on the transplant waiting list (TWL), before (Pre-COV) or during (COV) the pandemic. The main demographic and clinical characteristics of the patients on the TWL or receiving a KT were very similar in the two periods. The pandemic did not affect post-transplant recipient and allograft loss rates. On the contrary, there was a trend toward higher mortality among COV-TWL patients compared to Pre-COV-TWL subjects. Such a discrepancy was primarily due to SARS-CoV-2 infections. Chronic exposure to immunosuppression, incidence of delayed allograft function, and rejection rates were comparable. However, after one year, COV-KTR showed significantly higher median serum creatinine than Pre-COV-KTR. Our data confirm that KT practice could be safely maintained during the COVID-19 pandemic, with excellent patient- and allograft-related outcomes. Strict infection control strategies, aggressive follow-up monitoring, and preservation of dedicated personnel and resources are key factors for the optimisation of the results in case of future pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Perego
- Kidney Transplantation, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Samuele Iesari
- Kidney Transplantation, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
- Pôle de Chirurgie Expérimentale et Transplantation, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1348 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Maria Teresa Gandolfo
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Carlo Alfieri
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Serena Delbue
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Roberto Cacciola
- Surgery, King Salman Armed Forces Hospital, Tabuk 47512, Saudi Arabia
- HPB Surgery and Transplantation, Fondazione PTV, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Mariano Ferraresso
- Kidney Transplantation, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Evaldo Favi
- Kidney Transplantation, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0255035603
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49
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Pooling samples to increase testing capacity with Xpert Xpress SARS-CoV-2 during the Covid-19 pandemic in Lao People’s Democratic Republic. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0275294. [PMID: 36173954 PMCID: PMC9522287 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0275294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic created the need for large-scale testing of populations. However, most laboratories do not have sufficient testing capacity for mass screening. We evaluated pooled testing of samples, as a strategy to increase testing capacity in Lao PDR. Samples of consecutive patients were tested in pools of four using the Xpert Xpress SARS CoV-2 assay. Positive pools were confirmed by individual testing, and we describe the performance of the test and savings achieved. We also diluted selected positive samples to describe its effect on the assays CT values. 1,568 patients were tested in 392 pools of four. 361 (92.1%) pools were negative and 31 (7.9%) positive. 29/31 (93.5% (95%CI 77–99%) positive pools were confirmed by individual testing of the samples but, in 2/31 (6.5%) the four individual samples were negative, suggesting contamination. Pools with only one positive sample had higher CT values (lower RNA concentrations) than the respective individual samples, indicating a dilution effect, which suggested an increased risk of false negative results with dilutions >1:10. However, this risk may be low if the prevalence of infection is high, when pools are more likely to contain more than one positive sample. Pooling saved 67% of cartridges and substantially increased testing capacity. Pooling samples increased SARS-CoV-2 testing capacity and resulted in considerable cartridge savings. Given the need for high-volume testing, countries may consider implementation of pooling for SARS-CoV-2 screening.
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50
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Castro ACH, Bezerra ÍRS, Pascon AM, da Silva GH, Philot EA, de Oliveira VL, Mancini RSN, Schleder GR, Castro CE, de Carvalho LRS, Fernandes BHV, Cilli EM, Sanches PRS, Santhiago M, Charlie-Silva I, Martinez DST, Scott AL, Alves WA, Lima RS. Modular Label-Free Electrochemical Biosensor Loading Nature-Inspired Peptide toward the Widespread Use of COVID-19 Antibody Tests. ACS NANO 2022; 16:14239-14253. [PMID: 35969505 PMCID: PMC9397565 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c04364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Limitations of the recognition elements in terms of synthesis, cost, availability, and stability have impaired the translation of biosensors into practical use. Inspired by nature to mimic the molecular recognition of the anti-SARS-CoV-2 S protein antibody (AbS) by the S protein binding site, we synthesized the peptide sequence of Asn-Asn-Ala-Thr-Asn-COOH (abbreviated as PEP2003) to create COVID-19 screening label-free (LF) biosensors based on a carbon electrode, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The PEP2003 is easily obtained by chemical synthesis, and it can be adsorbed on electrodes while maintaining its ability for AbS recognition, further leading to a sensitivity 3.4-fold higher than the full-length S protein, which is in agreement with the increase in the target-to-receptor size ratio. Peptide-loaded LF devices based on noncovalent immobilization were developed by affording fast and simple analyses, along with a modular functionalization. From studies by molecular docking, the peptide-AbS binding was found to be driven by hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions. Moreover, the peptide is not amenable to denaturation, thus addressing the trade-off between scalability, cost, and robustness. The biosensor preserves 95.1% of the initial signal for 20 days when stored dry at 4 °C. With the aid of two simple equations fitted by machine learning (ML), the method was able to make the COVID-19 screening of 39 biological samples into healthy and infected groups with 100.0% accuracy. By taking advantage of peptide-related merits combined with advances in surface chemistry and ML-aided accuracy, this platform is promising to bring COVID-19 biosensors into mainstream use toward straightforward, fast, and accurate analyses at the point of care, with social and economic impacts being achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana C. H. Castro
- Center for Natural and Human Sciences,
Federal University of ABC, Santo André, São
Paulo 09210-580, Brazil
| | - Ítalo R. S. Bezerra
- Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratory,
Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials,
Campinas, São Paulo 13083-970, Brazil
- Center for Natural and Human Sciences,
Federal University of ABC, Santo André, São
Paulo 09210-580, Brazil
| | - Aline M. Pascon
- Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratory,
Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials,
Campinas, São Paulo 13083-970, Brazil
- Center for Natural and Human Sciences,
Federal University of ABC, Santo André, São
Paulo 09210-580, Brazil
| | - Gabriela H. da Silva
- Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratory,
Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials,
Campinas, São Paulo 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Eric A. Philot
- Center for Mathematics, Computing and Cognition,
Federal University of ABC, Santo André, São
Paulo 09210-580, Brazil
| | - Vivian L. de Oliveira
- Center for Natural and Human Sciences,
Federal University of ABC, Santo André, São
Paulo 09210-580, Brazil
- Laboratory of Immunology, Heart Institute,
University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São
Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo S. N. Mancini
- Center for Natural and Human Sciences,
Federal University of ABC, Santo André, São
Paulo 09210-580, Brazil
| | - Gabriel R. Schleder
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied
Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138,
United States
| | - Carlos E. Castro
- Center for Natural and Human Sciences,
Federal University of ABC, Santo André, São
Paulo 09210-580, Brazil
| | | | | | - Eduardo M. Cilli
- Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo
State University, Araraquara, São Paulo 14800-900,
Brazil
| | - Paulo R. S. Sanches
- Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo
State University, Araraquara, São Paulo 14800-900,
Brazil
| | - Murilo Santhiago
- Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratory,
Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials,
Campinas, São Paulo 13083-970, Brazil
- Center for Natural and Human Sciences,
Federal University of ABC, Santo André, São
Paulo 09210-580, Brazil
| | - Ives Charlie-Silva
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences,
University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São
Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Diego S. T. Martinez
- Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratory,
Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials,
Campinas, São Paulo 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Ana L. Scott
- Center for Mathematics, Computing and Cognition,
Federal University of ABC, Santo André, São
Paulo 09210-580, Brazil
| | - Wendel A. Alves
- Center for Natural and Human Sciences,
Federal University of ABC, Santo André, São
Paulo 09210-580, Brazil
| | - Renato S. Lima
- Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratory,
Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials,
Campinas, São Paulo 13083-970, Brazil
- Center for Natural and Human Sciences,
Federal University of ABC, Santo André, São
Paulo 09210-580, Brazil
- Institute of Chemistry, University of
Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-970,
Brazil
- São Carlos Institute of Chemistry,
University of São Paulo, São Carlos, São
Paulo 09210-580, Brazil
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