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Ko A, O’Brien D, Rivera P, Mancl L, Hopkins S, Randall C, Nguyen DP, Chi DL. Identifying sources of variation in added sugar intake for Alaska Native children using a hair biomarker. Int J Circumpolar Health 2024; 83:2336286. [PMID: 38560896 PMCID: PMC10986438 DOI: 10.1080/22423982.2024.2336286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Sugars from sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) are an important risk factor for tooth decay. The study goal was to determine if there was variation in added sugar intake across communities and between and within households. In this cross-sectional study, intakes of total sugar, added sugar, and sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) were estimated for 282 Alaska Native children ages 0-10 years from 131 households in three Yukon-Kuskokwim (YK) Delta communities using biomarker equations based on hair carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios previously developed for the Yup'ik population. ANOVA was used to assess associations between each predictor (community and household) and outcome (estimated total sugars, added sugars, and SSB intake). Between- and within-household variation was estimated using a linear mixed-effects model with a random intercept for households with three or more children. There was no significant difference in mean estimated total sugar (p = 0.29), added sugar (p = 0.24), or SSB intake (p = 0.40) across communities. Significant variations were observed between and within households, with within-household variation amounting to 59% of the between-household variation. Added sugar intake in Alaska Native children from the three study communities is higher than the recommended maximum, and the variation is greater within households than between households.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Ko
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Diane O’Brien
- Center for Alaska Native Health Research, Institute of Arctic Biology, Department of Biology and Wildlife, University of Alaska, Fairbanks, AK, USA
| | - Patricia Rivera
- Center for Alaska Native Health Research, Institute of Arctic Biology, Department of Biology and Wildlife, University of Alaska, Fairbanks, AK, USA
| | - Lloyd Mancl
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Scarlett Hopkins
- Departments of Medicine and Obstetrics & Gynecology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Cameron Randall
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Daisy Patiño Nguyen
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Donald L. Chi
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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Tripicchio GL, Smethers AD, Johnson JJ, Olenginski J, O'Brien DM, Fisher JO, Nova VA, Nash SH. The Carbon Stable Isotope Ratio (CIR) as an Objective Biomarker of Added Sugar Intake: A Scoping Review of Current Evidence in Human Nutrition. Adv Nutr 2024:100281. [PMID: 39094908 DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective biomarkers of dietary intake are needed to advance nutrition research. The carbon stable isotope ratio (C13/C12; CIR) holds promise as an objective biomarker of added sugar (AS) and sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) intake. This systematic scoping review presents the current evidence on CIRs from human studies. Search results (through April 12, 2024) yielded 6,297 studies and 24 final articles. Studies were observational (n=12), controlled feeding (n=10), or dietary interventions (n=2). CIRs were sampled from blood (n=23), hair (n=5), breath (n= 2), and/or adipose tissue (n=1). Most (n=17) conducted whole tissue (i.e., bulk) analysis, eight used compound specific isotope analysis (CSIA), and/or two studies used methods appropriate for analyzing breath. Studies were conducted in three concentrated geographic regions of the U.S. (n=7 Virginia; n=5 Arizona; n=4 Alaska), with only two studies conducted in other countries. Studies that used CSIA to examine the CIR from the non-essential amino acid alanine (CIR-Ala; n=4) and CIR analyzed from breath (n=2) provided the most robust evidence for CIR as an objective biomarker of AS and SSBs (R2 range 0.36-0.91). Studies using bulk analysis of hair or blood showed positive, but modest and more variable associations with AS and SSBs (R2 range 0.05-0.48). Few studies showed no association, particularly in non-U.S. populations and those with low AS and SSB intakes. Two studies provided evidence for CIR to detect changes in SSB intake in response to dietary interventions. Overall, the most compelling evidence supports CIR-Ala as an objective indicator of AS intake and breath CIR as an indicator of short term AS intake. Considering how to adjust for underlying dietary patterns remains an important area of future work and emerging methods using breath and CSIA warrant additional investigation. More evidence is needed to refine the utility and specificity of CIRs to measure AS and SSB intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina L Tripicchio
- Center for Obesity Research and Education, Temple University; Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Temple University.
| | | | | | - Jordan Olenginski
- Center for Obesity Research and Education, Temple University; Drexel University College of Medicine
| | | | - Jennifer O Fisher
- Center for Obesity Research and Education, Temple University; Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Temple University
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Lacerda D, Vergilio CDS, Pestana IA, Alvares da Silva AM, de Assis Pinheiro J, Freitas FV, Barbosa WM, Gomes de Almeida M, Vaz de Oliveira BC, de Rezende CE. Metal concentrations in the whole blood of farmers in southeast Brazil. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 344:140199. [PMID: 37769919 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we measured Ni, Co, Cd, and Pb concentrations in the whole blood of farmers from southeast Brazil to address the factors influencing human exposure in this population. The factors included smoking, alcohol consumption, aging, body composition, gender, and feeding preferences, which were measured through carbon and nitrogen isotopic composition. We also calculated and compared the reference values (RVs) of the measured elements to evaluate ongoing exposure levels. We observed the influence of lifestyle habits on metal exposure; Cd levels were statistically higher in smokers, and alcohol consumption affected only Pb concentrations, with an association also observed with the frequency of alcohol ingestion. The metal levels were positively associated with both isotope values, indicating that feeding may be the dominant source of these elements in this population. We also observed the effect of endogenous sources measured through age, as increased Pb concentrations in both genders and higher Cd levels in older women, which is related to bone, kidney, and liver accumulation. The body mass index was negatively associated with Ni, Co, and Cd in women and positively in men. The negative associations may indicate that body fat may act as a reservoir for metals, reducing their availability in the blood in individuals with higher body mass and possibly influencing the assessment of exposure levels. The evaluated population presented elevated RVs for all elements: Ni 36, Co 3.3, Cd 16, and Pb 149 μg L-1. These values point to higher exposure in this population compared to other studies in Brazil and worldwide. These results emphasize an urgent need for monitoring programs for toxic substances in Brazil and evaluating possible health effects, given the ongoing environmental exposure associated with endogenous exposure and lifestyle habits that promote higher metal levels in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Lacerda
- Laboratório de Ciências Ambientais, Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual Do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro. Avenida Alberto Lamego, 2000, Parque Califórnia, Campos Dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro, CEP: 28.013-602, Brazil.
| | - Cristiane Dos Santos Vergilio
- Laboratório de Ecotoxicologia, Departamento de Biologia, Centro de Ciências Exatas Naturais e da Saúde, Universidade Federal Do Espírito Santo - Campus Alegre. Alto Universitário, S/N, Guararema, Alegre, Espírito Santo, CEP: 29.500-000, Brazil
| | - Inácio Abreu Pestana
- Laboratório de Ciências Ambientais, Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual Do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro. Avenida Alberto Lamego, 2000, Parque Califórnia, Campos Dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro, CEP: 28.013-602, Brazil
| | - Adriana Madeira Alvares da Silva
- Laboratório de Ecotoxicologia, Departamento de Biologia, Centro de Ciências Exatas Naturais e da Saúde, Universidade Federal Do Espírito Santo - Campus Alegre. Alto Universitário, S/N, Guararema, Alegre, Espírito Santo, CEP: 29.500-000, Brazil
| | - Julia de Assis Pinheiro
- Departamento de Farmácia e Nutrição, Centro de Ciências Exatas Naturais e da Saúde, Universidade Federal Do Espírito Santo - Campus Alegre. Alto Universitário, S/N, Guararema, Alegre, Espírito Santo, CEP: 29.500-000, Brazil
| | - Flavia Vitorino Freitas
- Departamento de Farmácia e Nutrição, Centro de Ciências Exatas Naturais e da Saúde, Universidade Federal Do Espírito Santo - Campus Alegre. Alto Universitário, S/N, Guararema, Alegre, Espírito Santo, CEP: 29.500-000, Brazil
| | - Wagner Miranda Barbosa
- Departamento de Farmácia e Nutrição, Centro de Ciências Exatas Naturais e da Saúde, Universidade Federal Do Espírito Santo - Campus Alegre. Alto Universitário, S/N, Guararema, Alegre, Espírito Santo, CEP: 29.500-000, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Gomes de Almeida
- Laboratório de Ciências Ambientais, Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual Do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro. Avenida Alberto Lamego, 2000, Parque Califórnia, Campos Dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro, CEP: 28.013-602, Brazil
| | - Bráulio Cherene Vaz de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Ciências Ambientais, Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual Do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro. Avenida Alberto Lamego, 2000, Parque Califórnia, Campos Dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro, CEP: 28.013-602, Brazil
| | - Carlos Eduardo de Rezende
- Laboratório de Ciências Ambientais, Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual Do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro. Avenida Alberto Lamego, 2000, Parque Califórnia, Campos Dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro, CEP: 28.013-602, Brazil
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Hill CM, Paschall MJ, Koller KR, Day GM, Lee FR, O’Brien DM, King DK, Palmer L, Thomas TK, Bersamin A. Obesity Prevalence and Dietary Factors Among Preschool-Aged Head Start Children in Remote Alaska Native Communities: Baseline Data from the " Got Neqpiaq?" Study. Child Obes 2023; 19:498-506. [PMID: 36473164 PMCID: PMC10541932 DOI: 10.1089/chi.2022.0143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background: American Indian and Alaska Native preschool-aged children experience a high prevalence of obesity, yet are under-represented in obesity prevention research. This study examined obesity prevalence and dietary risk factors among Alaska Native preschool-aged children in southwest Alaska. Methods: The study used baseline data from "Got Neqpiaq?" a culturally centered multilevel intervention focused on Yup'ik Alaska Native children, aged 3-5 years, enrolled in Head Start in 12 communities in southwest Alaska (n = 155). The primary outcomes were BMI percentile, overweight, and obesity. Dietary factors of interest were measured using biomarkers: traditional food intake (nitrogen stable isotope ratio biomarker), ultraprocessed food intake (carbon stable isotope ratio biomarker), and vegetable and fruit intake (skin carotenoid status biomarker measured by the Veggie Meter). Cardiometabolic markers (glycated hemoglobin [HbA1c] and blood cholesterol) were also measured. Results: Among the Yup'ik preschool-aged children in the study, the median BMI percentile was 91, and the prevalence of overweight or obesity was 70%. The traditional food intake biomarker was negatively associated with BMI, whereas the ultraprocessed foods and vegetable and fruit biomarkers were not associated with BMI. HbA1c and blood cholesterol were within healthy levels. Conclusions: The burden of overweight and obesity is high among Yup'ik preschool-aged children. Traditional food intake is inversely associated with BMI, which underscores the need for culturally grounded interventions that emphasize traditional values and knowledge to support the traditional food systems in Alaska Native communities in southwest Alaska. Registered with ClinicalTrials.gov #NCT03601299.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney M. Hill
- Center for Alaska Native Health Research, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Mallie J. Paschall
- Prevention Research Center, Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Kathryn R. Koller
- Research Services, Alaska Native Tribal Health Consortium, Anchorage, AK, USA
| | - Gretchen M. Day
- Research Services, Alaska Native Tribal Health Consortium, Anchorage, AK, USA
| | - Flora R. Lee
- Research Services, Alaska Native Tribal Health Consortium, Anchorage, AK, USA
| | - Diane M. O’Brien
- Center for Alaska Native Health Research, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, USA
| | - Diane K. King
- Center for Behavioral Health Research and Services, University of Alaska Anchorage, Anchorage, AK, USA
| | - Lea Palmer
- Head Start Program, Rural Alaska Community Action Program, Inc., Anchorage, AK, USA
| | - Timothy K. Thomas
- Research Services, Alaska Native Tribal Health Consortium, Anchorage, AK, USA
| | - Andrea Bersamin
- Center for Alaska Native Health Research, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, USA
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Mitchell CM, Oxtoby LE, Shaw PA, Budge SM, Wooller MJ, Cabeza de Baca T, Krakoff J, Votruba S, O'Brien DM. Carbon Isotope Ratios of Plasma and RBC Fatty Acids Identify Meat Consumers in a 12-Week Inpatient Feeding Study of 32 Men. J Nutr 2023; 152:2847-2855. [PMID: 36095134 PMCID: PMC9839995 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxac213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Molecular stable isotope ratios are a novel type of dietary biomarker with high sensitivity and specificity for certain foods. Among these, fatty acid carbon isotope ratios (CIRs) have strong potential but have not been investigated as dietary biomarkers. OBJECTIVES We evaluated whether fatty acid CIRs and mass proportions were associated with meat, fish, and sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) intake. METHODS Thirty-two men [aged 46.2 ± 10.5 y; BMI (kg/m2): 27.2 ± 4.0] underwent a 12-wk inpatient dietary intervention at the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases in Phoenix, Arizona. Men were randomly assigned to 1 of 8 dietary treatments varying the presence/absence of dietary meat, fish, and SSBs in all combinations. Fatty acid CIRs and mass proportions were measured in fasting blood samples and adipose tissue biopsies that were collected pre- and postintervention. Dietary effects were analyzed using multivariable regression and receiver operating characteristic AUCs were calculated using logistic regression. RESULTS CIRs of the several abundant SFAs, MUFAs and arachidonic acid (20:4n-6) in plasma were strongly associated with meat, as were a subset of these fatty acids in RBCs. Effect sizes in plasma ranged from 1.01‰ to 1.93‰ and were similar but attenuated in RBCs. Mass proportions of those fatty acids were not associated with diet. CIRs of plasma dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (20:3n-6) and adipose palmitic acid (16:0) were weakly associated with SSBs. Mass proportions of plasma odd-chain fatty acids were associated with meat, and mass proportions of plasma EPA and DHA (20:5n-3 and 22:6n-3) were associated with fish. CONCLUSIONS CIRs of plasma and RBC fatty acids show promise as sensitive and specific measures of dietary meat. These provide different information from that provided by fatty acid mass proportions, and are informative where mass proportion is not. This trial is registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01237093.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassie M Mitchell
- Obesity and Diabetes Clinical Research Section, Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Laura E Oxtoby
- Center for Alaska Native Health Research, Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, USA
- Water and Environmental Research Center, Institute of Northern Engineering, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, USA
| | - Pamela A Shaw
- Biostatistics Unit, Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Suzanne M Budge
- Department of Process Engineering and Applied Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Matthew J Wooller
- Water and Environmental Research Center, Institute of Northern Engineering, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, USA
- Marine Biology Department, College of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, USA
| | - Tomás Cabeza de Baca
- Obesity and Diabetes Clinical Research Section, Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Jonathan Krakoff
- Obesity and Diabetes Clinical Research Section, Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Susanne Votruba
- Obesity and Diabetes Clinical Research Section, Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Diane M O'Brien
- Center for Alaska Native Health Research, Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, USA
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Simonato M, Ricci F, Catozzi C, Storti M, Correani A, Salomone F, Cogo P, Carnielli VP. A novel deuterium-based model for measurement of exogenous surfactant using deuterium-depleted water. Pediatr Pulmonol 2022; 57:2808-2814. [PMID: 35938216 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.26104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Stable isotope tracers, like 13 C, can be used for the measurement of the partition between the endogenous and exogenous pulmonary disaturated-phosphatidylcholine (DSPC). Deuterium labeling methods are still not fully explored. Our aim was to investigate the feasibility of using deuterium-depleted water (DDW) and deuterium-enriched water (DEW) to measure endogenous and exogenous pulmonary DSPC in a rabbit model of surfactant depletion. Data obtained from the 13 C dilution method were used as a reference. We studied 9 adult rabbits: 4 drank DDW and 5 DEW for 5 days. Lung surfactant depletion was induced at Day 5 by repeated saline bronchoalveolar lavages (BAL), which were stored as a pool (BAL pool). After endogenous surfactant depletion, rabbits received exogenous surfactant followed by a second BAL depletion procedure (End-Experiment Pool). DSPC quantity, and palmitic acid (PA)-DSPC 2 H/1 H (δ2 H) and 13 C/12 C ratios (δ13 C) of exogenous surfactant batches and of BAL pools were measured by High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry. The amount of exogenous surfactant recovered from the lungs ranged from 45% to 81% and, it was highly correlated with those obtained with the use of the 13 C (r = 0.9844, p < 0.0001). We demonstrated that commercially available purified DDW and even low doses of DEW can be used to modify the deuterium background of endogenous surfactants with the purpose of measuring the contribution of exogenous surfactants to the endogenous alveolar surfactant pool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Simonato
- PCare laboratory, Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica, "Citta' della Speranza", Padova, Italy
| | - Francesca Ricci
- Pharmacology & Toxicology Department, Neonatology and Pulmonary Rare Disease Unit, Corporate Preclinical R&D, Parma, Chiesi, Italy
| | - Chiara Catozzi
- Pharmacology & Toxicology Department, Neonatology and Pulmonary Rare Disease Unit, Corporate Preclinical R&D, Parma, Chiesi, Italy
| | - Matteo Storti
- Department of Chemical & Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Alessio Correani
- Division of Neonatology, Polytechnic University of Marche and "G. Salesi" Children's Hospital, Ancona, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Salomone
- Pharmacology & Toxicology Department, Neonatology and Pulmonary Rare Disease Unit, Corporate Preclinical R&D, Parma, Chiesi, Italy
| | - Paola Cogo
- Department of Medicine, University Hospital S Maria della Misericordia, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Virgilio P Carnielli
- Division of Neonatology, Polytechnic University of Marche and "G. Salesi" Children's Hospital, Ancona, Italy
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Johnson JJ, Sági-Kiss V, Palma-Duran SA, Commins J, Chaloux M, Barrett B, Midthune D, Kipnis V, Freedman LS, Tasevska N, O’Brien DM. Evaluating a Model of Added Sugar Intake Based on Amino Acid Carbon Isotope Ratios in a Controlled Feeding Study of U.S. Adults. Nutrients 2022; 14:4308. [PMID: 36296992 PMCID: PMC9611411 DOI: 10.3390/nu14204308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies suggest that amino acid carbon stable isotope ratios (CIRAAs) may serve as biomarkers of added sugar (AS) intake, but this has not been tested in a demographically diverse population. We conducted a 15-day feeding study of U.S. adults, recruited across sex, age, and BMI groups. Participants consumed personalized diets that resembled habitual intake, assessed using two consecutive 7-day food records. We measured serum (n = 99) CIRAAs collected at the end of the feeding period and determined correlations with diet. We used forward selection to model AS intake using participant characteristics and 15 CIRAAs. This model was internally validated using bootstrap optimism correction. Median (25th, 75th percentile) AS intake was 65.2 g/day (44.7, 81.4) and 9.5% (7.2%, 12.4%) of energy. The CIR of alanine had the highest, although modest, correlation with AS intake (r = 0.32, p = 0.001). Serum CIRAAs were more highly correlated with animal food intakes, especially the ratio of animal to total protein. The AS model included sex, body weight and 6 CIRAAs. This model had modest explanatory power (multiple R2 = 0.38), and the optimism-corrected R2 was lower (R2 = 0.15). Further investigations in populations with wider ranges of AS intake are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica J. Johnson
- Institute of Arctic Biology, Department of Biology and Wildlife, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK 99775, USA
| | - Virág Sági-Kiss
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
| | | | - John Commins
- Information Management Services, Inc., Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Matthew Chaloux
- Information Management Services, Inc., Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Brian Barrett
- Information Management Services, Inc., Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Douglas Midthune
- Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Victor Kipnis
- Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Laurence S. Freedman
- Gertner Institute for Epidemiology and Health Policy Research, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan 52621, Israel
| | - Natasha Tasevska
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
| | - Diane M. O’Brien
- Institute of Arctic Biology, Department of Biology and Wildlife, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK 99775, USA
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Johnson JJ, Shaw PA, Wooller MJ, Venti CA, Krakoff J, Votruba SB, O'Brien DM. Amino Acid Nitrogen Isotope Ratios Respond to Fish and Meat Intake in a 12-Week Inpatient Feeding Study of Men. J Nutr 2022; 152:2031-2038. [PMID: 35511610 PMCID: PMC9445847 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxac101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The natural abundance nitrogen stable isotope ratio (NIR) of whole tissue correlates with animal protein intakes, including meat and fish. Amino acid (AA) NIRs (NIRAAs) are more variable than the whole-tissue NIRs and may thus better differentiate among foods. OBJECTIVES We evaluated whether NIRAAs were associated with intakes of fish and meat and whether these dietary associations were larger than with whole-tissue NIRs. METHODS Men were recruited at the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases in Phoenix, Arizona, and randomly assigned to one of eight 12-wk inpatient dietary interventions, which varied the presence/absence of fish, meat, and sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) in all possible combinations. Fasting blood was drawn pre- and postintervention and plasma and RBC NIRAAs (free and protein-bound) were measured as secondary outcomes in 32 participants. Multivariable regression was used to determine responses of postintervention NIRAAs to dietary variables, and logistic regression was used to calculate receiver operating characteristic AUCs. RESULTS Most plasma NIRAAs increased with fish and meat intakes, but to a greater extent with fish intake. The largest increase in response to fish intake was plasma NIRLeucine (β = 2.19, SE = 0.26). The NIRThreonine decreased with both fish and meat intakes. Fewer RBC NIRAAs increased with fish intake, and only RBC NIRProline increased with meat intake. No plasma or RBC NIRAA responded to SSB intake. We identified fish intake with a high degree of accuracy using plasma NIRLeucine (corrected AUC, cAUC = 0.96) and NIRGlutamic acid/glutamine (cAUC = 0.93), and meat intake to a lower degree using plasma NIRProline (cAUC = 0.80) and RBC NIRProline (cAUC = 0.85). CONCLUSIONS Plasma and RBC NIRAAs were associated with fish and meat intakes but were not superior to whole-tissue stable isotope biomarkers in identifying these intakes in a US diet. This trial is registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01237093.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pamela A Shaw
- Washington Health Research Institute, Kaiser Permanente, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Matthew J Wooller
- Alaska Stable Isotope Facility, Water and Environmental Research Center, Institute of Northern Engineering, College of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, USA
| | - Colleen A Venti
- Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases/NIH, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Jonathan Krakoff
- Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases/NIH, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Susanne B Votruba
- Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases/NIH, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Diane M O'Brien
- Center for Alaska Native Health Research, Institute of Arctic Biology, Department of Biology and Wildlife, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, USA
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Boyer BB, Hopkins SE, Wiener HW, Purnell JQ, O'Brien DM, Zhang CX, Aslan JE, Aliwarga T, Pomeroy JJ, Thummel KE, Tiwari HK. Habitual Intake of Marine-Derived n-3 PUFAs is Inversely Associated with a Cardiometabolic Inflammatory Profile in Yup'ik Alaska Native People. J Nutr 2022; 152:844-855. [PMID: 34871429 PMCID: PMC8891177 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxab412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relationship between dietary n-3 PUFAs and the prevention of cardiometabolic diseases, including type 2 diabetes, is unresolved. Examination of the association between n-3 PUFAs and chronic low-grade inflammation in a population where many individuals have had an extremely high intake of marine mammals and fish throughout their lifespan may provide important clues regarding the impact of n-3 PUFAs on health. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to explore associations between concentrations of n-3 PUFAs resulting from habitual intake of natural food sources high in fish and marine mammals with immune biomarkers of metabolic inflammation and parameters of glucose regulation. METHODS A total of 569 Yup'ik Alaska Native adults (18-87 years old) were enrolled in this cross-sectional study between December 2016 and November 2019. The RBC nitrogen isotope ratio (NIR; 15N/14N) was used as a validated measure of n-3 PUFA intake to select 165 participant samples from the first and fourth quartiles of n-3 PUFA intakes. Outcomes included 38 pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and 8 measures of glucose homeostasis associated with type 2 diabetes risks. These outcomes were evaluated for their associations with direct measurements of EPA, DHA, and arachidonic acid in RBCs. ANALYSIS Linear regression was used to detect significant relationships with cytokines and n-3 PUFAs, adiposity, and glucose-related variables. RESULTS The DHA concentration in RBC membranes was inversely associated with IL-6 (β = -0.0066; P < 0.001); EPA was inversely associated with TNFα (β = -0.4925; P < 0.001); and the NIR was inversely associated with Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) (β = -0.8345; P < 0.001) and IL-10 (β = -1.2868; P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Habitual intake of marine mammals and fish rich in n-3 PUFAs in this study population of Yup'ik Alaska Native adults is associated with reduced systemic inflammation, which may contribute to the low prevalence of diseases in which inflammation plays an important role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bert B Boyer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Scarlett E Hopkins
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Howard W Wiener
- Department of Statistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Jonathan Q Purnell
- Department of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Diane M O'Brien
- Department of Biology and Wildlife, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, USA
| | - Cindy X Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Joseph E Aslan
- Department of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Theresa Aliwarga
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jeremy J Pomeroy
- Clinical Research Center, Marshfield Clinic, Marshfield, WI, USA
| | - Kenneth E Thummel
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Hemant K Tiwari
- Department of Statistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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10
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O'Brien DM, Sagi-Kiss V, Palma-Duran SA, Cunningham C, Barrett B, Johnston CS, Midthune D, Kipnis V, Freedman LS, Tasevska N. An evaluation of the serum carbon isotope ratio as a candidate predictive biomarker of the dietary animal protein ratio (animal protein/total protein) in a 15-day controlled feeding study of US adults. Am J Clin Nutr 2022; 115:1134-1143. [PMID: 35030258 PMCID: PMC8970990 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqac004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The serum natural abundance carbon isotope ratio (CIR) was recently identified as a candidate biomarker of animal protein intake in postmenopausal women. Such a biomarker would help clarify the relation between dietary protein source (plant or animal) and chronic disease risk. OBJECTIVES We aimed to evaluate the performance of the serum CIR as a biomarker of dietary protein source in a controlled feeding study of men and women of diverse age and BMI. METHODS We conducted a 15-d feeding study of 100 adults (age: 18-70 y, 55% women) in Phoenix, AZ. Participants were provided individualized diets that approximated habitual food intakes. Serum was collected at the end of the feeding period for biomarker measurements. RESULTS Median [IQR] animal protein intake was 67 g/d [55-88 g/d], which was 64% of total protein. The serum CIR was positively correlated with animal protein and inversely correlated with plant protein intake, leading to a strong correlation (r2 = 0.76) with the dietary animal protein ratio (APR; animal/total protein). Regressing serum CIR on the APR, serum nitrogen isotope ratio (NIR), gender, age, and body weight generated an R2 of 0.78. Following the measurement error model for predictive biomarkers, the resulting regression equation was then inverted to develop a calibrated biomarker equation for APR. Added sugars ratio (added/total sugars intake) and corn intakes also influenced the serum CIR but to a much lesser degree than the APR; variations in these intakes had only small effects on biomarker-estimated APR. CONCLUSIONS Based on our findings in this US cohort of mixed sex and age, we propose the serum CIR alongside NIR as a predictive dietary biomarker of the APR. We anticipate using this biomarker to generate calibrated estimates based on self-reported intake and ultimately to obtain more precise disease risk estimates according to dietary protein source.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Virag Sagi-Kiss
- Present address for VS-K: School of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Brian Barrett
- Information Management Services, Inc., Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Carol S Johnston
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Douglas Midthune
- Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Victor Kipnis
- Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Laurence S Freedman
- Gertner Institute for Epidemiology and Health Policy Research, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Natasha Tasevska
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, USA
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11
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Te Morenga L, Kruimer D, McLean R, Sabadel AJM, van Hale R, Tatin X, Hindmarsh JH, Mann J, Merriman T. Associations Between Sugars Intakes and Urinary Sugars Excretion and Carbon Stable Isotope Ratios in Red Blood Cells as Biomarkers of Sugars Intake in a Predominantly Māori Population. Front Nutr 2021; 8:637267. [PMID: 34277677 PMCID: PMC8278019 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.637267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Determining the extent to which added sugars intake contribute to non-communicable disease in various populations is challenging because it is difficult to accurately measure intakes. Biomarkers may provide a reliable and easily measured method of assessing intakes. In a predominantly Māori population we compared various sugars intake estimates derived from a 36 item sugar-specific food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) with biomarkers of sugars intake; urinary sugars excretion in random spot collections (n = 153) and carbon stable isotope ratios (n = 36) in red blood cells (RBCs, δ13CRBC) and in the alanine fraction of the RBCs (δ13Calanine). Estimated 24 h urinary sucrose+fructose excretion was statistically significantly correlated with intakes of total sugars (r = 0.23), sucrose (r = 0.26) and added sugars from sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs; r = 0.26). δ13Calanine was correlated with added sugars (r = 0.40). In log linear multiple regression models adjusted with HbA1C and eGFR δ13Calanine predicted added sugars intakes (r 2 = 0.29) and estimated 24 h urinary sucrose+fructose excretion predicted intakes of total sugars (r 2 = 0.14), sucrose (r 2 = 0.17), added sugars (r 2 = 0.17) and sugars from SSBs (r 2 = 0.14). These biomarkers have potential for improving assessment of sugars intake in New Zealand populations enabling monitoring of the effectiveness of sugar reduction strategies designed to reduce risk of NCDs. However, further validation is required to confirm these preliminary findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Te Morenga
- Department of Human Nutrition, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.,Riddet Centre of Research Excellence, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.,Edgar Diabetes and Obesity Research, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Devonia Kruimer
- Department of Human Nutrition, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.,Riddet Centre of Research Excellence, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Rachael McLean
- Edgar Diabetes and Obesity Research, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.,Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | | | - Robert van Hale
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | | | | | - Jim Mann
- Department of Human Nutrition, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.,Riddet Centre of Research Excellence, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.,Edgar Diabetes and Obesity Research, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.,Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Tony Merriman
- Edgar Diabetes and Obesity Research, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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12
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O'Brien DM, Niles KR, Black J, Schoeller DA. The Breath Carbon Isotope Ratio Reflects Short-term Added-Sugar Intake in a Dose-Response, Crossover Feeding Study of 12 Healthy Adults. J Nutr 2021; 151:628-635. [PMID: 33438009 PMCID: PMC7948200 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxaa352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Objective dietary biomarkers are urgently needed for a wider range of foods and nutrients. The breath carbon isotope ratio (CIR; measured as δ13C values) has potential as a noninvasive measure of short-term added sugar (AS) intake but has not been evaluated in a controlled-feeding study. OBJECTIVE The aim was to evaluate the effect of short-term AS intake on breath CIR in a dose-response, randomized, crossover feeding study. METHODS Six men and 6 women, aged 25 to 60 y, were randomly assigned to a balanced sequence of 5 dietary treatments. Three treatments delivered low (0 g/d), medium (75 g/d), or high (150 g/d) amounts of AS over the course of a single day's breakfast and lunch and 2 switched high and low intake amounts between breakfast and lunch. Experimental meals delivered 60% of daily energy and added-sugar targets. There was a washout period of 1-2 wk between treatments. Breath was collected at 2-h intervals from 08:00 (fasting) to 16:00 h. Breath CIR was measured using cavity ring-down spectroscopy, and the effects of dietary treatments and baseline were evaluated using multivariate linear regression. RESULTS Breath CIR showed a significant response to increasing AS intake at all sampling time points (all P < 0.0001), with a dose-response of 0.030 (95% CI: 0.024, 0.037) ‰/g. Fasting breath CIR (baseline) influenced postfeeding breath CIR at all sampling time points (P < 0.0001); however, effect sizes were largest in the morning. For afternoon-collected samples (14:00 and 16:00), the effect of recent AS intake (lunch) was 4-fold greater than the effect of previous added-sugar intake (breakfast). CONCLUSIONS These findings support the potential of the breath CIR as a biomarker of short-term AS intake in healthy US adults. More work is needed to evaluate other potential dietary effects and whether multiple breath collections could capture daily AS intake.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kristine R Niles
- Center for Alaska Native Health Research, Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, USA
| | - Jynene Black
- Center for Alaska Native Health Research, Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, USA
| | - Dale A Schoeller
- Nutrition Sciences, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, USA
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13
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Bataille CP, Chartrand MMG, Raposo F, St-Jean G. Assessing geographic controls of hair isotopic variability in human populations: A case-study in Canada. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0237105. [PMID: 32776947 PMCID: PMC7416927 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0237105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Studying the isotope variability in fast-growing human tissues (e.g., hair, nails) is a powerful tool to investigate human nutrition. However, interpreting the controls of this isotopic variability at the population scale is often challenging as multiple factors can superimpose on the isotopic signals of a current population. Here, we analyse carbon, nitrogen, and sulphur isotopes in hair from 590 Canadian resident volunteers along with demographics, dietary and geographic information about each participant. We use a series of machine-learning regressions to demonstrate that the isotopic values in Canadian residents' hair are not only influenced by dietary choices but by geographic controls. First, we show that isotopic values in Canadian residents' hair have a limited range of variability consistent with the homogenization of Canadian dietary habits (as in other industrialized countries). As expected, some of the isotopic variability within the population correlates with recorded individual dietary choices. More interestingly, some regional spatial patterns emerge from carbon and sulphur isotope variations. The high carbon isotope composition of the hair of eastern Canadians relative to that of western Canadians correlates with the dominance of corn in the eastern Canadian food-industry. The gradient of sulphur isotope composition in Canadian hair from coast to inland regions correlates with the increasing soil pH and decreasing deposition of marine-derived sulphate aerosols in local food systems. We conclude that part of the isotopic variability found in the hair of Canadian residents reflects the isotopic signature associated with specific environmental conditions and agricultural practices of regional food systems transmitted to humans through the high consumption rate of intra-provincial food in Canada. Our study also underscores the strong potential of sulphur isotopes as tracers of human and food provenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clement P. Bataille
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Francis Raposo
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gilles St-Jean
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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14
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Nash SH, Greenley R, Dietz-Chavez D, Vindigni S, Harrison T, Peters U, Redwood D. Incorporating Participant and Clinical Feedback into a Community-Based Participatory Research Study of Colorectal Cancer Among Alaska Native People. J Community Health 2020; 45:803-811. [PMID: 32144608 PMCID: PMC8108442 DOI: 10.1007/s10900-020-00796-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Alaska Native (AN) people have among the highest rates of colorectal cancer (CRC) globally. We are developing a community-based participatory research (CBPR) informed program to understand risk and protective factors contributing to these high rates. In 2018, we conducted a pilot study to test feasibility of recruiting participants from the Alaska Native Medical Center CRC Screening Clinic into a prospective epidemiologic study. Post-pilot study completion, we conducted focus groups (n = 2) with participants and key informant interviews (n = 7) with research and clinical staff to understand study experiences. During 106 days of recruitment, 30 participants enrolled in the pilot study. Over half (60%) were female, and most (67%) were aged 40-59 years. Key themes that emerged from the participant focus groups were: the desire to contribute to improving the health of AN people as a key driver of participation; an overall positive experience with the study; the benefit of clinical staff notifying patients about the study; the need to clearly explain the purpose of each biospecimen collected; barriers to participation; and, the importance of returning study results to the community. Key themes from research and clinical staff interviews included: the study not interfering with clinical duties; the importance of relationships between clinical and research staff; the importance of research staff flexibility; and, comments on specific study procedures. As part of the CBPR process, this feedback will be incorporated into study protocols. We are building this pilot work into a larger prospective study that will inform primary prevention programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah H Nash
- Alaska Native Tribal Health Consortium, 3900 Ambassador Drive, Anchorage, AK, 99508, USA.
| | - Rochelle Greenley
- Alaska Native Tribal Health Consortium, 3900 Ambassador Drive, Anchorage, AK, 99508, USA
| | - Daniela Dietz-Chavez
- Alaska Native Tribal Health Consortium, 3900 Ambassador Drive, Anchorage, AK, 99508, USA
| | - Stephen Vindigni
- Alaska Native Tribal Health Consortium, 3900 Ambassador Drive, Anchorage, AK, 99508, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Tabitha Harrison
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ulrike Peters
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Diana Redwood
- Alaska Native Tribal Health Consortium, 3900 Ambassador Drive, Anchorage, AK, 99508, USA
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15
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Yun HY, Tinker LF, Neuhouser ML, Schoeller DA, Mossavar-Rahmani Y, Snetselaar LG, Van Horn LV, Eaton CB, Prentice RL, Lampe JW, O'Brien DM. The Carbon Isotope Ratios of Serum Amino Acids in Combination with Participant Characteristics can be Used to Estimate Added Sugar Intake in a Controlled Feeding Study of US Postmenopausal Women. J Nutr 2020; 150:2764-2771. [PMID: 32712658 PMCID: PMC7549297 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxaa195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The carbon isotope ratio (CIR) is a proposed biomarker for added sugar (AS) intake in the United States; however, because the CIR is also associated with meat intake in most populations the need for specificity remains. The CIR of amino acids (AAs) has the potential to differentiate sugars from meat intakes, because essential AAs must derive from dietary protein whereas certain nonessential AAs can be synthesized from sugars. OBJECTIVES We tested whether serum CIR-AAs in combination with participant characteristics could meet a prespecified biomarker criterion for AS intake in the Nutrition and Physical Activity Assessment Study Feeding Study (NPAAS-FS) of the Women's Health Initiative, a population in which the whole-serum CIR was not associated with AS intake. METHODS Postmenopausal women (n = 145) from Seattle, WA, were provided with individualized diets that approximated their habitual food intakes for 2 wk. Dietary intakes from consumed foods were characterized over the feeding period using the Nutrition Data System for Research. The CIR of 7 AAs-Ala, Gly, Val, Leu, Ile, Pro, and Phe-were measured in fasting serum collected at the end of the 2-wk feeding period, using gas chromatography-combustion isotope ratio mass spectrometry. Biomarker models were evaluated using regression R2 ≥ 0.36 as a major biomarker criterion, based on the benchmark R2 values of well-established recovery biomarkers in the NPAAS-FS. RESULTS AS intake was associated with CIR-Ala (ρ = 0.32; P < 0.0001). A model of AS intake based on CIR-Ala, CIR-Gly, CIR-Ile, smoking, leisure physical activity, and body weight met the biomarker criterion (R2 = 0.37). Biomarker-estimated AS intake was not associated with meat or animal protein intake. CONCLUSIONS Results support serum CIR-AAs in combination with participant characteristics as potential biomarkers of AS intake in US populations, including those with low AS intake.The Women's Health Initiative is registered at clinicaltrials.gov (NCT00000611).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Young Yun
- Center for Alaska Native Health Research, Institute of Arctic Biology, Department of Biology and Wildlife, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, USA
| | - Lesley F Tinker
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Marian L Neuhouser
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Dale A Schoeller
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Yasmin Mossavar-Rahmani
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Linda V Van Horn
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Charles B Eaton
- Department of Family Medicine, Alpert Medical School, Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Ross L Prentice
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Johanna W Lampe
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
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16
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Handler A, Lonsdorf E, Ardia D. Evidence for red fox (Vulpes vulpes) exploitation of anthropogenic food sources along an urbanization gradient using stable isotope analysis. CAN J ZOOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1139/cjz-2019-0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
As urban areas expand, wildlife show adaptations to urban ecosystems. We tested two hypotheses for urban populations of red fox (Vulpes vulpes (Linnaeus, 1758)) in urban areas: the population pressure hypothesis, which posits that urban foxes make do with suboptimal habitat, and the urban island hypothesis, which presumes that urban areas provide high-quality habitat. We investigated habitat quality by investigating anthropogenic food in fox diets across a rural–urban gradient in Lancaster, Pennsylvania (USA). We used stable carbon isotopes because human food can have a distinct stable carbon isotope signature. We collected fox hair and stomach samples from 21 locations and extracted land use and land cover characteristics within a 100 ha buffer area. We found that higher δ13C values in fox hair were positively correlated with impervious surface cover and developed open spaces, key metrics of urbanization, and negatively associated with agricultural land cover, an indicator of rural habitats. Overall, fox hair δ13C was less related to urbanization and more related to the availability of developed open spaces that provide habitat with vegetation cover and access to nearby food sources. Our results suggest that urban habitats are high quality and support the growing literature revealing that certain species may thrive in urban areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- A.M. Handler
- Department of Earth and Environment, Franklin and Marshall College, Lancaster, PA 17604, USA
| | - E.V. Lonsdorf
- Department of Biology, Franklin and Marshall College, Lancaster, PA 17604, USA
- Institute on the Environment, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - D.R. Ardia
- Department of Biology, Franklin and Marshall College, Lancaster, PA 17604, USA
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17
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Cuparencu C, Praticó G, Hemeryck LY, Sri Harsha PSC, Noerman S, Rombouts C, Xi M, Vanhaecke L, Hanhineva K, Brennan L, Dragsted LO. Biomarkers of meat and seafood intake: an extensive literature review. GENES & NUTRITION 2019; 14:35. [PMID: 31908682 PMCID: PMC6937850 DOI: 10.1186/s12263-019-0656-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Meat, including fish and shellfish, represents a valuable constituent of most balanced diets. Consumption of different types of meat and fish has been associated with both beneficial and adverse health effects. While white meats and fish are generally associated with positive health outcomes, red and especially processed meats have been associated with colorectal cancer and other diseases. The contribution of these foods to the development or prevention of chronic diseases is still not fully elucidated. One of the main problems is the difficulty in properly evaluating meat intake, as the existing self-reporting tools for dietary assessment may be imprecise and therefore affected by systematic and random errors. Dietary biomarkers measured in biological fluids have been proposed as possible objective measurements of the actual intake of specific foods and as a support for classical assessment methods. Good biomarkers for meat intake should reflect total dietary intake of meat, independent of source or processing and should be able to differentiate meat consumption from that of other protein-rich foods; alternatively, meat intake biomarkers should be specific to each of the different meat sources (e.g., red vs. white; fish, bird, or mammal) and/or cooking methods. In this paper, we present a systematic investigation of the scientific literature while providing a comprehensive overview of the possible biomarker(s) for the intake of different types of meat, including fish and shellfish, and processed and heated meats according to published guidelines for biomarker reviews (BFIrev). The most promising biomarkers are further validated for their usefulness for dietary assessment by published validation criteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cătălina Cuparencu
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 30, 1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Giulia Praticó
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 30, 1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Lieselot Y. Hemeryck
- Department of Veterinary Public Health & Food Safety, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Pedapati S. C. Sri Harsha
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, Institute of Food & Health, University College Dublin, Belfield 4, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Stefania Noerman
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1, 70210 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Caroline Rombouts
- Department of Veterinary Public Health & Food Safety, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Muyao Xi
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 30, 1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Lynn Vanhaecke
- Department of Veterinary Public Health & Food Safety, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Kati Hanhineva
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1, 70210 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Lorraine Brennan
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, Institute of Food & Health, University College Dublin, Belfield 4, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Lars O. Dragsted
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 30, 1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
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18
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Votruba SB, Shaw PA, Oh EJ, Venti CA, Bonfiglio S, Krakoff J, O'Brien DM. Associations of plasma, RBCs, and hair carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios with fish, meat, and sugar-sweetened beverage intake in a 12-wk inpatient feeding study. Am J Clin Nutr 2019; 110:1306-1315. [PMID: 31515553 PMCID: PMC6885477 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqz208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Naturally occurring carbon and nitrogen stable isotope ratios [13C/12C (CIR) and 15N/14N (NIR)] are promising dietary biomarkers. As these candidate biomarkers have long tissue residence times, long-term feeding studies are needed for their evaluation. OBJECTIVE Our aim was to evaluate plasma, RBCs, and hair CIR and NIR as biomarkers of fish, meat, and sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) intake in a 12-wk dietary intervention. METHODS Thirty-two men (aged 46.2 ± 10.5 y; BMI: 27.2 ± 4.0 kg/m2) underwent a 12-wk inpatient dietary intervention at the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) in Phoenix, Arizona. The effects of fish, meat, and SSB intake on CIR and NIR were evaluated using a balanced factorial design, with each intake factor at 2 levels (present/absent) in a common, background diet (50% carbohydrate, 30% fat, 20% protein). Fasting blood samples were taken biweekly from baseline, and hair samples were collected at baseline and postintervention. Data were analyzed using multivariable regression. RESULTS The postintervention CIR of plasma was elevated when diets included meat (β = 0.89, 95% CI: 0.73,1.05) and SSBs (β = 0.48, 95% CI: 0.32, 0.64). The postintervention NIR of plasma was elevated when diets included fish (β = 0.85, 95% CI: 0.64, 1.05) and meat (β = 0.61, 95% CI: 0.42, 0.8). Results were similar for RBCs and hair. Postintervention RBC CIR and NIR had strong associations with baseline, suggesting that turnover to the intervention diets was incomplete after 12 wk. Estimates of isotopic turnover rate further confirmed incomplete turnover of RBCs. CONCLUSIONS CIR was associated with meat and SSBs, and more strongly with meat. NIR was associated with fish and meat, and more strongly with fish. Overall, CIR and NIR discriminated between dietary fish and meat, and to a lesser extent SSBs, indicating their potential utility as biomarkers of intake in US diets. Approaches to make these biomarkers more specific are needed. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01237093.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne B Votruba
- Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases/NIH, Phoenix, AZ, USA,Address correspondence to SBV (e-mail: )
| | - Pamela A Shaw
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Eric J Oh
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Colleen A Venti
- Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases/NIH, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Susan Bonfiglio
- Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases/NIH, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Jonathan Krakoff
- Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases/NIH, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Diane M O'Brien
- Center for Alaska Native Health Research, Institute of Arctic Biology, Department of Biology and Wildlife, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, USA
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19
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Correia MA, Foley R, O'Connell TC, Ramírez-Rozzi F, Mirazón Lahr M. Carbon and nitrogen isotopic signatures of hair, nail, and breath from tropical African human populations. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2019; 33:1761-1773. [PMID: 31287915 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.8524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Stable isotopic analyses are increasingly used to study the diets of past and present human populations. Yet, the carbon and nitrogen isotopic data of modern human diets collected so far are biased towards Europe and North America. Here, we address this gap by reporting on the dietary isotopic signatures of six tropical African communities: El Molo, Turkana (Kerio), Luhya (Webuye), Luhya (Port Victoria), and Luo (Port Victoria) from Kenya, and Baka from Cameroon; representing four subsistence strategies: fishing, pastoralism, agriculturalism, and hunter-gatherer. METHODS We used an elemental analyser coupled in continuous-flow mode to an isotope ratio mass spectrometer to measure the carbon and nitrogen isotopic ratios of hair (n = 134) and nail (n = 80) and the carbon isotopic ratios of breath (n = 184) from these communities, as well as the carbon and nitrogen isotopic ratios of some food samples from the Kenyan communities. RESULTS We expand on the known range of δ13 C values in human hair through the hunter-gatherer Baka, with a diet based on C3 plants, and through the agriculturalist Luhya (Webuye), with a diet based on C4 plants. In addition, we found that the consumption of fish from East African lakes is difficult to detect isotopically due to the combined effects of high nitrogen isotopic ratios of plants and the low nitrogen isotopic ratios of fish. Finally, we found that some of the communities studied are markedly changing their diets through increasing sedentism and urbanisation. CONCLUSIONS Our findings contribute substantially to the understanding of the environmental, demographic, and economic dynamics that affect the dietary landscape of different tropical populations of Africa. These results highlight the importance of studying a broader sample of human populations and their diet, with a focus on their precise context - from both isotopic and more general anthropological perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Ana Correia
- Leverhulme Centre for Human Evolutionary Studies, Department of Archaeology, University of Cambridge, Fitzwilliam Street, Cambridge, CB2 1QH, UK
| | - Robert Foley
- Leverhulme Centre for Human Evolutionary Studies, Department of Archaeology, University of Cambridge, Fitzwilliam Street, Cambridge, CB2 1QH, UK
- Turkana Basin Institute, Hardy Post, 2nd Floor, Ushirika Road, Nairobi, 24467-00502, Kenya
| | - Tamsin C O'Connell
- McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research, Department of Archaeology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3ER, UK
| | - Fernando Ramírez-Rozzi
- Écoanthropologie, Musée de l'Homme (UMR 7206), 17 place du Trocadéro, Paris, 75116, France
| | - Marta Mirazón Lahr
- Leverhulme Centre for Human Evolutionary Studies, Department of Archaeology, University of Cambridge, Fitzwilliam Street, Cambridge, CB2 1QH, UK
- Turkana Basin Institute, Hardy Post, 2nd Floor, Ushirika Road, Nairobi, 24467-00502, Kenya
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20
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Choy K, Nash SH, Hill C, Bersamin A, Hopkins SE, Boyer BB, O'Brien DM. The Nitrogen Isotope Ratio Is a Biomarker of Yup'ik Traditional Food Intake and Reflects Dietary Seasonality in Segmental Hair Analyses. J Nutr 2019; 149:1960-1966. [PMID: 31268149 PMCID: PMC6825821 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxz144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The nitrogen isotope ratio (NIR) is a promising index of traditional food intake for an Alaska Native (Yup'ik) population, which can be measured in blood and hair. However, the NIR has not been calibrated to high-quality measures of Yup'ik traditional food intake. OBJECTIVES Our primary objective was to examine associations between intakes of Yup'ik traditional food groups, including fish, marine mammals, birds, land mammals, berries, greens, and total traditional foods, and the NIR. In an exploratory analysis, we also examined whether NIR analyzed sequentially along hair could reflect dietary seasonality. METHODS We recruited 68 participants from 2 Yup'ik communities in the Yukon Kuskokwim region of Southwest Alaska (49% female, aged 14-79 y). Participants completed 4 unscheduled 24-h food recalls over the period peak of RBC and hair synthesis preceding a specimen collection visit. The NIR was measured in RBCs ( n = 68), a proximal hair section (n = 58), and sequential segments of hair from individuals in the upper 2 quartiles of traditional food intake having hair >6 cm in length, plus 2 low subsistence participants for reference (n = 18). Diet-biomarker associations were assessed using Pearson's correlation and linear regression. RESULTS Intakes of fish, marine mammals, berries, and greens were significantly associated with the NIR. The strongest dietary association was with total traditional food intake (R2 = 0.62), which indicated that each 1‰ increase in the RBC NIR corresponded to 8% of energy from traditional foods. Hair NIR appeared to fluctuate seasonally in some individuals, peaking in the summertime. CONCLUSIONS Findings support the use of the RBC and hair NIR to assess total traditional food intake in a Yup'ik population. Analyses of sequential hair NIR provided evidence of seasonality in traditional food intake, although seasonal variations were modest relative to interindividual variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyungcheol Choy
- Department of Cultural Anthropology, Hanyang University ERICA, Ansan, South Korea,Center for Alaska Native Health Research, Institute for Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, USA
| | - Sarah H Nash
- Center for Alaska Native Health Research, Institute for Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, USA,Department of Biology and Wildlife, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, USA
| | - Courtney Hill
- Department of Biology and Wildlife, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, USA
| | - Andrea Bersamin
- Center for Alaska Native Health Research, Institute for Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, USA,Department of Biology and Wildlife, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, USA
| | - Scarlett E Hopkins
- Center for Alaska Native Health Research, Institute for Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, USA,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Bert B Boyer
- Center for Alaska Native Health Research, Institute for Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, USA,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Diane M O'Brien
- Center for Alaska Native Health Research, Institute for Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, USA,Department of Biology and Wildlife, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, USA,Address correspondence to DMO (e-mail: )
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21
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Bersamin A, Izumi BT, Nu J, O’brien DM, Paschall M. Strengthening adolescents' connection to their traditional food system improves diet quality in remote Alaska Native communities: results from the Neqa Elicarvigmun Pilot Study. Transl Behav Med 2019; 9:952-961. [PMID: 31570921 PMCID: PMC6937549 DOI: 10.1093/tbm/ibz087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In remote Alaska Native communities, traditional foods are inextricably linked to health and food security. Degradation of the traditional food system over the past several decades has resulted in a shift in dietary patterns that have contributed to increased rates of chronic diseases and food insecurity among Alaska Native People. Interventions are needed to address this. Our objectives were to evaluate the preliminary efficacy of a school-based intervention-Neqa Elicarvigmun or the Fish-to-School Program-on diet quality, fish intake, and attitudes and beliefs around traditional foods (specifically fish) using a pre-post comparison group design with data collection occurring at three time points. Study participants were 76 middle and high school students in two remote Alaska Native communities (population <900) in southwestern Alaska. We used a participatory approach to design the school-based, multilevel intervention that included activities in the cafeteria, classroom, and community. Multilevel analyses showed that students in the experimental community showed significant improvements in diet quality compared to the comparison community (Beta = 4.57; p < .05). Fish intake, measured using the stable nitrogen isotope ratio of hair, a validated biomarker, also increased significantly in the experimental community (Beta = 0.16; p < .05). Leveraging the cultural and physical resources of the traditional food system for the Neqa Elicarvigmun program represents a strength-based approach that improves diet quality, increases adolescents' connection to their traditional culture, and by promoting the local food system supports food security. Embedding the program into the local culture may result in faster adoption and greater sustainability of the program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Bersamin
- Center for Alaska Native Health Research and Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, USA
| | - Betty T Izumi
- Oregon Health & Science University - Portland State University School of Public Health, Portland, USA
| | - Jennifer Nu
- Center for Alaska Native Health Research and Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, USA
| | - Diane M O’brien
- Center for Alaska Native Health Research and Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, USA
| | - Mallie Paschall
- Prevention Research Center, Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation, Berkeley, CA, USA
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22
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Walch A, Loring P, Johnson R, Tholl M, Bersamin A. Traditional Food Practices, Attitudes, and Beliefs in Urban Alaska Native Women Receiving WIC Assistance. JOURNAL OF NUTRITION EDUCATION AND BEHAVIOR 2019; 51:318-325. [PMID: 30409694 PMCID: PMC8731265 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneb.2018.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify practices, attitudes, and beliefs associated with intake of traditional foods among Alaska Native women. DESIGN Cross-sectional study that measured traditional food intake; participation in food-sharing networks; presence of a hunter or fisherman in the home; the preference, healthfulness, and economic value of traditional foods; and financial barriers to obtaining these foods. PARTICIPANTS Purposive sample of 71 low-income Alaska Native women receiving Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) assistance in Anchorage, AK. ANALYSIS Bivariate and multivariate regression analyses. RESULTS Traditional foods contributed 4% of total daily calories. Given a choice, 63% of participants indicated that they would prefer half or more of the foods they ate to be traditional (ie, not store-bought). The majority of participants (64%) believed that traditional foods were healthier than store-bought foods. Of all participants, 72% relied on food-sharing networks for traditional foods; only 21% acquired traditional foods themselves. Participants who ate more traditional foods preferred traditional foods (B = .011 P = .02). IMPLICATIONS FOR RESEARCH AND PRACTICE Traditional food intake was low and findings suggested that Alaska Native women living in an urban setting prefer to consume more but are unable to do so. Future research might examine the effect of enhancing social networks and implementing policies that support traditional food intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Walch
- Dietetics and Nutrition Department, University of Alaska Anchorage, Anchorage, AK
| | - Philip Loring
- Department of Geography, Environment, and Geomatics, University of Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rhonda Johnson
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Alaska Anchorage, Anchorage, AK
| | - Melissa Tholl
- Dietetics and Nutrition Department, University of Alaska Anchorage, Anchorage, AK
| | - Andrea Bersamin
- Center for Alaska Native Health Research and Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK.
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23
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Gordon G, Rhoads A. Field-deployable measurements of free-living individuals to determine energy balance: fuel substrate usage through δ 13C in breath CO 2 and diet through hair δ 13C and δ 15N values. ISOTOPES IN ENVIRONMENTAL AND HEALTH STUDIES 2019; 55:70-79. [PMID: 30602299 DOI: 10.1080/10256016.2018.1562448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Carbon isotopes of breath CO2 vary depending on diet and fuel substrate used. This study examined if exercise-induced δ13C-CO2 changes in substrate utilization were distinguishable from baseline δ13C-CO2 variations in a population with uncontrolled diet, and compared hair isotope values and food logs to develop an isotope model of diet. Study participants included nine women with diverse Body Mass Index (BMI), age, ancestry, exercise history, and diet. Breath samples were collected prior to and up to 12 h after a 5- or 10 K walk/run. Indirect calorimetry was measured with a smartphone-enabled mobile colorimetric device, and a field-deployable isotope analyzer measured breath δ13C-CO2 values. Diet was assessed by food logs and δ13C, δ15N of hair samples. Post-exercise δ13C-CO2 values increased by 0.54 ± 1.09‰ (1 sd, n = 9), implying enhanced carbohydrate burning, while early morning δ13C-CO2 values were lower than daily averages (p = 0.0043), indicating lipid burning during overnight fasting. Although diurnal δ13C-CO2 variation (1.90 ± 0.77‰) and participant baseline range (3.06‰) exceeded exercise-induced variation, temporal patterns distinguished exercise from dietary isotope effects. Hair δ13C and δ15N values were consistent with a new dietary isotope model. Notwithstanding the small number of participants, this study introduces a novel combination of techniques to directly monitor energy balance in free-living individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwyneth Gordon
- a School of Earth & Space Exploration , Arizona State University , Tempe , AZ , USA
| | - Amrita Rhoads
- b Peggy Payne Academy , McClintock High School , Tempe , AZ , USA
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24
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Yun HY, Lampe JW, Tinker LF, Neuhouser ML, Beresford SAA, Niles KR, Mossavar-Rahmani Y, Snetselaar LG, Van Horn L, Prentice RL, O'Brien DM. Serum Nitrogen and Carbon Stable Isotope Ratios Meet Biomarker Criteria for Fish and Animal Protein Intake in a Controlled Feeding Study of a Women's Health Initiative Cohort. J Nutr 2018; 148:1931-1937. [PMID: 30239866 PMCID: PMC6280000 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxy168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Natural abundance stable isotope ratios are candidate biomarkers of dietary intake that have not been evaluated in a controlled feeding study in a US population. Objectives Our goals were to evaluate dietary associations with serum carbon (CIR), nitrogen (NIR), and sulfur (SIR) isotope ratios in postmenopausal women, and to evaluate whether statistical models of dietary intake that include multiple isotopes and participant characteristics meet criteria for biomarker evaluation. Methods Postmenopausal women from the Women's Health Initiative (n = 153) were provided a 2-wk controlled diet that approximated each individual's habitual food intake. Dietary intakes of animal protein, fish/seafood, red meat, poultry, egg, dairy, total sugars, added sugars, sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs), and corn products were characterized during the feeding period with the use of the Nutrition Data System for Research (NDS-R). The CIR, NIR, and SIR were measured in sera collected from fasting women at the beginning and the end of the feeding period. Linear models based on stable isotope ratios and participant characteristics predicted dietary intake. The criterion used for biomarker evaluation was R2 ≥ 0.36, based on the study's power to detect true associations with R2 ≥ 0.50. Results The NIR was associated with fish/seafood intake and met the criterion for biomarker evaluation (R2 = 0.40). The CIR was moderately associated with intakes of red meat and eggs, but not to the criterion for biomarker evaluation, and was not associated with intake of sugars (total, added, or SSB). A model of animal protein intake based on the NIR, CIR, and participant characteristics met the criterion for biomarker evaluation (R2 = 0.40). Otherwise, multiple isotopes did not improve models of intake, and improvements from including participant characteristics were modest. Conclusion Serum stable isotope ratios can, with participant characteristics, meet biomarker criteria as measures of fish/seafood and animal protein intake in a sample of postmenopausal women. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00000611.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Young Yun
- Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK
| | - Johanna W Lampe
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
- School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Lesley F Tinker
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Marian L Neuhouser
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
- School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Shirley A A Beresford
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
- School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Kristine R Niles
- Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK
| | - Yasmin Mossavar-Rahmani
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | | | - Linda Van Horn
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Ross L Prentice
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
- School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Diane M O'Brien
- Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK
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25
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Walch A, Bersamin A, Loring P, Johnson R, Tholl M. A scoping review of traditional food security in Alaska. Int J Circumpolar Health 2018; 77:1419678. [PMID: 29292675 PMCID: PMC5757232 DOI: 10.1080/22423982.2017.1419678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Food insecurity is a public health concern. The pillars of food security include food access, availability and utilisation. For some indigenous peoples, the pillars may focus on traditional foods. OBJECTIVE To conduct a scoping review on traditional foods and food security in Alaska. DESIGN Google Scholar and the High North Research Documents were used to search for relevant primary research using the following terms: “traditional foods”, “food security”, “access”, “availability”, “utilisation”, “Alaska”, “Alaska Native” and “indigenous”. RESULTS Twenty four articles from Google Scholar and four articles from the High North Research Documents met the inclusion criteria. The articles revealed three types of research approaches, those that quantified traditional food intake (n=18), those that quantified food security (n=2), and qualitative articles that addressed at least one pillar of food security (n=8). CONCLUSIONS Studies that estimate the prevalence of traditional food insecurity in Alaska are virtually absent from the literature. Instead most studies provide a review of factors related to food security. Research investigating dietary intake of traditional foods is more prevalent. Future research should include direct measurements of traditional food intake and food security to provide a more complete picture of traditional food security in Alaska.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Walch
- Department of Biology & Wildlife, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, USA
| | - Andrea Bersamin
- Department of Biology & Wildlife, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, USA
| | - Philip Loring
- School of Environment and Sustainability, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan
| | - Rhonda Johnson
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Alaska Anchorage, Anchorage, AK, USA
| | - Melissa Tholl
- Department of Dietetics & Nutrition, University of Alaska Anchorage, Anchorage, AK, USA
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26
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Giambelluca S, Ricci F, Simonato M, Correani A, Casiraghi C, Storti M, Cogo P, Salomone F, Carnielli VP. Estimating the contribution of surfactant replacement therapy to the alveolar pool: An in vivo study based on 13 C natural abundance in rabbits. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2018; 53:560-564. [PMID: 29633450 DOI: 10.1002/jms.4088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Variation of the isotopic abundance of selected nutrients and molecules has been used for pharmacological and kinetics studies under the premise that the administered molecule has a different isotopic enrichment from the isotopic background of the recipient subject. The aim of this study is to test the feasibility of assessing the contribution of exogenous surfactant phospholipids to the endogenous alveolar pool in vivo after exogenous surfactant replacement therapy in rabbits. The study consisted in measuring the consistency of 13 C/12 C ratio of disaturated-phosphatidylcholine palmitate (DSPC-PA) in 7 lots of poractant alfa, produced over a year, and among bronchoalveolar lavages of 20 rabbits fed with a standard chow. A pilot study was performed in a rabbit model of lavage-induced surfactant deficiency: 7 control rabbits and 4 treated with exogenous surfactant. The contribution of exogenous surfactant to the alveolar pool was assessed after intra-tracheal administration of 200 mg/kg of poractant alfa. The 13 C content of DSPC-PA was measured by isotope ratio mass spectrometry. The mean DSPC-PA 13 C/12 C ratio of the 7 lots of poractant alfa was -18.8‰ with a SD of 0.1‰ (range: -18.9‰; -18.6‰). The mean 13 C/12 C ratio of surfactant DSPC recovered from the lung lavage of 20 rabbits was -28.8 ± 1.2‰ (range: -31.7‰; -25.7‰). The contribution of exogenous surfactant to the total alveolar surfactant could be calculated in the treated rabbits, and it ranged from 83.9% to 89.6%. This pilot study describes a novel method to measure the contribution of the exogenous surfactant to the alveolar pool. This method is based on the natural variation of 13 C, and therefore it does not require the use of chemically synthetized tracers. This method could be useful in human research and especially in surfactant replacement studies in preterm infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Giambelluca
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Padova University Hospital, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Manuela Simonato
- Division of Pediatrics, Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Alessio Correani
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche and Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Ospedali Riuniti, Ancona, Italy
| | | | | | - Paola Cogo
- Division of Pediatrics, Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | | | - Virgilio Paolo Carnielli
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche and Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Ospedali Riuniti, Ancona, Italy
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27
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Ryman TK, Boyer BB, Hopkins SE, Philip J, Thompson B, Beresford SAA, Thummel KE, Austin MA. Association between iq'mik smokeless tobacco use and cardiometabolic risk profile among Yup'ik Alaska Native people. ETHNICITY & HEALTH 2018; 23:488-502. [PMID: 28116909 PMCID: PMC5796859 DOI: 10.1080/13557858.2017.1280136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The traditional lifestyle of Yup'ik Alaska Native people, including a diet abundant in marine-based foods and physical activity, may be cardio-protective. However, iq'mik, a traditional form of smokeless tobacco used by >50% of Yup'ik adults, could increase cardiometabolic (CM) risk. Our objective was to characterize the associations between iq'mik use and biomarkers of CM status (low-density lipoprotein cholesterol [LDL-C], high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [HDL-C], triglycerides [TG], systolic blood pressure [SBP] and diastolic blood pressure [DBP], glycated hemoglobin [HbA1c], fasting blood glucose [FBG], waist circumference [WC], and body mass index [BMI]). DESIGN We assessed these associations using data from a cross-sectional sample of Yup'ik adults (n = 874). Current iq'mik use, demographic, and lifestyle data were collected through interviews. Fasting blood samples were collected to measure LDL-C, HDL-C, TG, HbA1c, and FBG. SBP, DBP, WC, and BMI were obtained by physical examination. We characterized the association between current iq'mik use and continuous biomarkers of CM status using multiple approaches, including adjustment for measures of Yup'ik lifestyle and a propensity score. RESULTS Based on either adjustment method, current iq'mik use was significantly and positively associated with at least 5% higher HDL-C, and significantly associated but in an inverse direction with multiple biomarkers of CM status including 7% lower TG, 0.05% lower HbA1c, 2% lower FBG, 4% lower WC, and 4% lower BMI. Observed associations for LDL-C, SBP, and DBP varied by adjustment method. CONCLUSIONS This inverse association between iq'mik use and cardiometabolic risk status has not been previously reported. Additional research is needed to replicate these findings and explore physiological mechanisms and/or confounding factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tove K Ryman
- a Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health , University of Washington , Seattle , WA , USA
| | - Bert B Boyer
- b Center for Alaska Native Health Research , University of Alaska Fairbanks , Fairbanks , AK , USA
| | - Scarlett E Hopkins
- b Center for Alaska Native Health Research , University of Alaska Fairbanks , Fairbanks , AK , USA
| | - Jacques Philip
- b Center for Alaska Native Health Research , University of Alaska Fairbanks , Fairbanks , AK , USA
| | - Beti Thompson
- c Department of Health Services , University of Washington , Seattle , WA , USA
| | - Shirley A A Beresford
- a Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health , University of Washington , Seattle , WA , USA
| | - Kenneth E Thummel
- d Department of Pharmaceutics , University of Washington , Seattle , WA , USA
| | - Melissa A Austin
- a Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health , University of Washington , Seattle , WA , USA
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28
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Valenzuela LO, O'Grady SP, Enright LE, Murtaugh M, Sweeney C, Ehleringer JR. Evaluation of childhood nutrition by dietary survey and stable isotope analyses of hair and breath. Am J Hum Biol 2018; 30:e23103. [PMID: 29388286 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.23103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2017] [Revised: 08/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The natural abundances of carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur stable isotopes in hair, and of carbon isotopes in breath serve as quantitative biomarkers of protein and carbohydrate sources, but applicability of isotopes for evaluating children's diet has not been demonstrated. In this study, we sought to describe the stable isotope patterns observed in the hair and breath of children and to assess dietary variations in relation to age and ethnicity, hypothesizing that these would reflect dietary differences across age and ethnic groups and would correlate with intake variables derived from a Food Frequency Questionnaire. METHODS Data were obtained from a cross-sectional study of non-Hispanic white (N = 115) and Hispanic (N = 97) children, aged 9-16 years, in Salt Lake City, Utah. Sampling included a hair sample, breath samples (AM and PM), and a youth/adolescent food questionnaire (YAQ). Hair was analyzed for carbon (δ13 C), nitrogen (δ15 N), and sulfur (δ34 S) isotopes, and breath samples for δ13 CAM/PM of respired CO2 . RESULTS Non-Hispanic whites had lower δ13 C, δ15 N, δ13 CAM , and δ13 CPM values than Hispanics. Hair δ13 C and δ15 N values were correlated with protein sources, particularly for non-Hispanics. Breath δ13 C values were correlated with carbohydrate sources, particularly for Hispanic students. Non-Hispanic white students reported greater intake of total protein, animal protein, dairy, and grain than Hispanic students. Hispanic students reported higher intake of carbohydrates, particularly sweetened beverages. CONCLUSION While YAQ and stable isotope data reflected strong cultural influences in diet, no significant gender-based nor age-based differences were detected. Significant covariation between YAQ and isotopes existed and demonstrate the potential of stable isotopes for characterizing children's diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciano O Valenzuela
- Department of Biology, University of Utah, 257 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Laboratorio de Ecología Evolutiva Humana, Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Unidad de Enseñanza Universitaria Quequén, Calle 508 N° 881, Quequén, Buenos Aires, CP 7631, Argentina
| | - Shannon P O'Grady
- Department of Biology, University of Utah, 257 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112
| | - Lindsey E Enright
- Department of Biology, University of Utah, 257 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112
| | - Maureen Murtaugh
- Division of Epidemiology, University of Utah, 295 Chipeta Way, Salt Lake City, Utah 84108
| | - Carol Sweeney
- Division of Epidemiology, University of Utah, 295 Chipeta Way, Salt Lake City, Utah 84108
| | - James R Ehleringer
- Department of Biology, University of Utah, 257 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112
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Use of Blood-soaked Cellulose Filter Paper for Measuring Carbon and Nitrogen Stable Isotopes. J Wildl Dis 2018; 54:375-379. [PMID: 29369725 DOI: 10.7589/2017-08-202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
We explored the use of filter paper soaked in whole blood for measuring carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) stable isotopes, often used in feeding ecology or diet studies, to better understand drivers of exposure to contaminants. Our results showed no statistically or biologically relevant differences in C and N stable isotope measures between our gold standard (whole blood with anticoagulant) and eluates from processed, blood-soaked filter paper. Our data supported the effectiveness of using filter paper for assessing C and N stable isotopes in blood to address feeding ecology and other uses. The ease of sampling and processing should allow blood-soaked filter paper to be used in sampling of live (e.g., captured, stranded) and lethally taken (e.g., hunter-killed) wild vertebrates.
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Chemical profiling of ancient hearths reveals recurrent salmon use in Ice Age Beringia. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 113:9757-62. [PMID: 27573838 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1606219113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Current approaches to reconstruct subsistence and dietary trends in ancient hunter-gatherer societies include stable isotope analyses, but these have focused on human remains, cooking pottery, and food residues, which are relatively rare in the archaeological record. In contrast, short-term hearths are more ubiquitous worldwide, and these features can provide valuable evidence for ancient subsistence practices, particularly when faunal remains are not preserved. To test the suitability of hearths for this purpose, we conducted multiple chemical analyses: stable carbon and nitrogen isotope analyses of total organic matter (expressed as δ(13)C and δ(15)N values) and compound-specific carbon isotope analyses of individual fatty acids (δ(13)C16:0 and δ(13)C18:0) from 17 well-preserved hearths present in three occupations dating between ∼13,200-11,500 calibrated years B.P. at the Upward Sun River (USR) site in central Alaska. We combined δ(15)N and δ(13)CFA data in a Bayesian mixing model (stable isotope analysis in R) with concentration dependency to each hearth. Our model values were tested against faunal indices, indicating a strong positive relationship between marine proportional contributions to each hearth and salmon abundance. Results of the models show substantial anadromous salmon use in multiple USR components, indicating recurrent use of the site for salmon processing during the terminal Pleistocene. Our results demonstrate that salmonid and freshwater resources were more important for late Pleistocene hunter-gatherers than previously thought and highlight the potential of chemical profiling of hearth organic residues for providing greater geographic and temporal insights into resource use by prepottery societies.
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MacDougall CR, Hill CE, Jahren AH, Savla J, Riebl SK, Hedrick VE, Raynor HA, Dunsmore JC, Frisard MI, Davy BM. The δ13C Value of Fingerstick Blood Is a Valid, Reliable, and Sensitive Biomarker of Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Intake in Children and Adolescents. J Nutr 2018; 148:147-152. [PMID: 29378049 PMCID: PMC6251656 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxx017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Revised: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Reliance on self-reported dietary intake methods is a commonly cited research limitation, and dietary misreporting is a particular problem in children and adolescents. Objective indicators of dietary intake, such as dietary biomarkers, are needed to overcome this research limitation. The added sugar (AS) biomarker δ13C, which measures the relative abundance of 13C to 12C, has demonstrated preliminary validity in adults. Objective The purpose of this investigation was to determine the comparative validity, test-retest reliability, and sensitivity of the δ13C biomarker to detect AS and sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) intake using fingerstick blood samples in children and adolescents. Methods Children (aged 6-11 y, n = 126, 56% male, mean ± SD age: 9 ± 2 y) and adolescents (aged 12-18 y, n = 200, 44% male, mean ± SD age: 15 ± 2 y) completed 4 testing sessions within a 3-wk period. Participants' height, weight, demographic characteristics, and health history were determined at the first session; 24-h recalls were obtained at each visit and fingerstick blood samples were collected at visits 1 and 3. Samples were analyzed for δ13C value using natural abundance stable isotope mass spectrometry. δ13C value was compared with dietary outcomes in the full sample, and in child and adolescent subgroups. t Tests and correlational analyses were used to assess biomarker validity and reliability, whereas logistic regression and area under the receiver-operator characteristic curve (AUC) were used to evaluate sensitivity. Results Reported mean ± SD AS consumption was 82.2 ± 35.8 g/d and 329 ± 143 kcal/d, and SSB consumption was 222 ± 243 mL/d and 98 ± 103 kcal/d. Mean δ13C value was -19.65 ± 0.69‰, and was lower in children than in adolescents (-19.80 ± 0.67‰ compared with -19.56 ± 0.67‰, P = 0.002). δ13C values were similar across sessions (visit 1: -19.66 ± 0.68‰; visit 3: -19.64 ± 0.68‰; r = 0.99, P < 0.001) and were associated (P < 0.001) with intake of total AS (grams, kilocalories: r = 0.29) and SSB (milliliters, kilocalories: r = 0.35). The biomarker was able to better discriminate between high and low SSB consumers than high and low AS consumers, as demonstrated by the AUC (0.75 and 0.62, respectively). Conclusions The δ13C biomarker is a promising, minimally invasive, objective biomarker of SSB intake in children and adolescents. Further evaluation using controlled feeding designs is warranted. Registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02455388.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carly R MacDougall
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA
| | - Catelyn E Hill
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA
| | | | - Jyoti Savla
- Department of Human Development, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA
| | - Shaun K Riebl
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Valisa E Hedrick
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA
| | - Hollie A Raynor
- Department of Nutrition, University of Tennessee at Knoxville, Knoxville, TN
| | | | - Madlyn I Frisard
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA
| | - Brenda M Davy
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA
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Philip J, Ryman TK, Hopkins SE, O'Brien DM, Bersamin A, Pomeroy J, Thummel KE, Austin MA, Boyer BB, Dombrowski K. Bi-cultural dynamics for risk and protective factors for cardiometabolic health in an Alaska Native (Yup'ik) population. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0183451. [PMID: 29091709 PMCID: PMC5665420 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0183451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Alaska Native people experience disparities in mortality from heart disease and stroke. This work attempts to better understand the relationships between socioeconomic, behavioral, and cardiometabolic risk factors among Yup'ik people of southwestern Alaska, with a focus on the role of the socioeconomic, and cultural components. Using a cross-sectional sample of 486 Yup'ik adults, we fitted a Partial Least Squares Path Model (PLS-PM) to assess the associations between components, including demographic factors [age and gender], socioeconomic factors [education, economic status, Yup'ik culture, and Western culture], behavioral factors [diet, cigarette smoking and smokeless tobacco use, and physical activity], and cardiometabolic risk factors [adiposity, triglyceride-HDL and LDL lipids, glycemia, and blood pressure]. We found relatively mild associations of education and economic status with cardiometabolic risk factors, in contrast with studies in other populations. The socioeconomic factor and participation in Yup'ik culture had potentially protective associations with adiposity, triglyceride-HDL lipids, and blood pressure, whereas participation in Western culture had a protective association with blood pressure. We also found a moderating effect of participation in Western culture on the relationships between Yup'ik culture participation and both blood pressure and LDL lipids, indicating a potentially beneficial additional effect of bi-culturalism. Our results suggest that reinforcing protective effects of both Yup'ik and Western cultures could be useful for interventions aimed at reducing cardiometabolic health disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacques Philip
- Center for Alaska Native Health Research, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, Alaska, United States of America
| | - Tove K. Ryman
- Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Scarlett E. Hopkins
- Center for Alaska Native Health Research, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, Alaska, United States of America
| | - Diane M. O'Brien
- Center for Alaska Native Health Research, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, Alaska, United States of America
| | - Andrea Bersamin
- Center for Alaska Native Health Research, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, Alaska, United States of America
| | - Jeremy Pomeroy
- Marshfield Clinic Research Institute, Marshfield, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Kenneth E. Thummel
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Melissa A. Austin
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Bert B. Boyer
- Center for Alaska Native Health Research, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, Alaska, United States of America
| | - Kirk Dombrowski
- Department of Sociology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska, United States of America
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O’Brien DM, Thummel KE, Bulkow LR, Wang Z, Corbin B, Klejka J, Hopkins SE, Boyer BB, Hennessy TW, Singleton R. Declines in traditional marine food intake and vitamin D levels from the 1960s to present in young Alaska Native women. Public Health Nutr 2017; 20:1738-1745. [PMID: 27465921 PMCID: PMC5274583 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980016001853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Revised: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To measure the trends in traditional marine food intake and serum vitamin D levels in Alaska Native women of childbearing age (20-29 years old) from the 1960s to the present. DESIGN We measured a biomarker of traditional food intake, the δ15N value, and vitamin D level, as 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25(OH)D3) concentration, in 100 serum samples from 20-29-year-old women archived in the Alaska Area Specimen Bank, selecting twenty-five per decade from the 1960s to the 1990s. We compared these with measurements of red-blood-cell δ15N values and serum 25(OH)D3 concentrations from 20-29-year-old women from the same region collected during the 2000s and 2010s in a Center for Alaska Native Health Research study. SETTING The Yukon Kuskokwim Delta region of south-west Alaska. SUBJECTS Alaska Native women (n 319) aged 20-29 years at the time of specimen collection. RESULTS Intake of traditional marine foods, as measured by serum δ15N values, decreased significantly each decade from the 1960s through the 1990s, then remained constant from the 1990s through the present (F 5,306=77·4, P<0·0001). Serum vitamin D concentrations also decreased from the 1960s to the present (F 4,162=26·1, P<0·0001). CONCLUSIONS Consumption of traditional marine foods by young Alaska Native women dropped significantly between the 1960s and the 1990s and was associated with a significant decline in serum vitamin D concentrations. Studies are needed to evaluate the promotion of traditional marine foods and routine vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy for this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane M O’Brien
- Center for Alaska Native Health Research, Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska, PO Box 757000, Fairbanks, AK 99775–7000, USA
- Department of Biology and Wildlife, University of Alaska, Fairbanks, AK, USA
| | | | - Lisa R Bulkow
- Arctic Investigations Program, Division of Preparedness and Emerging Infections, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Anchorage, AK, USA
| | - Zhican Wang
- School of Pharmacy, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Brittany Corbin
- Department of Biology and Wildlife, University of Alaska, Fairbanks, AK, USA
| | | | - Scarlett E Hopkins
- Center for Alaska Native Health Research, Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska, PO Box 757000, Fairbanks, AK 99775–7000, USA
| | - Bert B Boyer
- Center for Alaska Native Health Research, Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska, PO Box 757000, Fairbanks, AK 99775–7000, USA
| | - Thomas W Hennessy
- Arctic Investigations Program, Division of Preparedness and Emerging Infections, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Anchorage, AK, USA
| | - Rosalyn Singleton
- Arctic Investigations Program, Division of Preparedness and Emerging Infections, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Anchorage, AK, USA
- Alaska Native Tribal Health Consortium, Division of Community Health Services, Anchorage, AK, USA
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Bjerregaard P, Larsen CVL, Dahl-Petersen IK, Buchardt B. Stable isotopes of carbon and nitrogen as markers of dietary variation among sociocultural subgroups of Inuit in Greenland. Am J Hum Biol 2017; 29. [DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.23018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Revised: 02/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Bjerregaard
- National Institute of Public Health; University of Southern Denmark; Copenhagen Denmark
- University of Greenland; Nuuk Greenland
| | | | | | - Bjørn Buchardt
- Institute of Geoscience and Natural Resources; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
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Au NT, Reyes M, Boyer BB, Hopkins SE, Black J, O’Brien D, Fohner AE, Yracheta J, Thornton T, Austin MA, Burke W, Thummel KE, Rettie AE. Dietary and genetic influences on hemostasis in a Yup'ik Alaska Native population. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0173616. [PMID: 28376131 PMCID: PMC5380313 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0173616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Fish and marine animals are important components of the subsistence diet of Alaska Native people, resulting in a high ω3 PUFA intake. The historical record for circumpolar populations highlights a tendency for facile bleeding, possibly related to ω3 PUFA effects on platelet activation and/or vitamin K-dependent clotting factors. To evaluate these two scenarios in Yup'ik people of southwestern Alaska, we examined the association between dietary ω3 PUFA intake and activities of clotting factor II, V, fibrinogen, PT, INR, PTT, and sP-selectin in 733 study participants, using the nitrogen isotope ratio of red blood cells as a biomarker of ω3 PUFA consumption. sP-selectin alone correlated strongly and inversely with ω3 PUFA consumption. Approximately 36% of study participants exhibited PIVKA-II values above the threshold of 2 ng/ml, indicative of low vitamin K status. To assess genetic influences on vitamin K status, study participants were genotyped for common vitamin K cycle polymorphisms in VKORC1, GGCX and CYP4F2. Only CYP4F2*3 associated significantly with vitamin K status, for both acute (plasma vitamin K) and long-term (PIVKA-II) measures. These findings suggest: (i) a primary association of ω3 PUFAs on platelet activation, as opposed to vitamin K-dependent clotting factor activity, (ii) that reduced CYP4F2 enzyme activity associates with vitamin K status. We conclude that high ω3 PUFA intake promotes an anti-platelet effect and speculate that the high frequency of the CYP4F2*3 allele in Yup'ik people (~45%) evolved in response to a need to conserve body stores of vitamin K due to environmental limitations on its availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas T. Au
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Morayma Reyes
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Bert B. Boyer
- Center for Alaska Native Health Research, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, Alaska, United States of America
| | - Scarlett E. Hopkins
- Center for Alaska Native Health Research, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, Alaska, United States of America
| | - Jynene Black
- Center for Alaska Native Health Research, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, Alaska, United States of America
| | - Diane O’Brien
- Center for Alaska Native Health Research, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, Alaska, United States of America
| | - Alison E. Fohner
- Public Health Genetics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Joe Yracheta
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Timothy Thornton
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Melissa A. Austin
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Wylie Burke
- Department of Medical Ethics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Kenneth E. Thummel
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Allan E. Rettie
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
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Somerville AD, Martin MA, Hayes LP, Hayward D, Walker PL, Schoeninger MJ. Exploring Patterns and Pathways of Dietary Change: Preferred Foods, Oral Health, and Stable Isotope Analysis of Hair from the Dani of Mulia, Papua, Indonesia. CURRENT ANTHROPOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1086/690142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Aslibekyan S, Vaughan LK, Wiener HW, Hidalgo BA, Lemas DJ, O’Brien DM, Hopkins SE, Stanhope KL, Havel PJ, Thummel KE, Boyer BB, Tiwari HK. Linkage and association analysis of circulating vitamin D and parathyroid hormone identifies novel loci in Alaska Native Yup'ik people. GENES & NUTRITION 2016; 11:23. [PMID: 27579147 PMCID: PMC4971612 DOI: 10.1186/s12263-016-0538-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin D deficiency is a well-documented public health issue with both genetic and environmental determinants. Populations living at far northern latitudes are vulnerable to vitamin D deficiency and its health sequelae, although consumption of traditional native dietary pattern rich in fish and marine mammals may buffer the effects of reduced sunlight exposure. To date, few studies have investigated the genetics of vitamin D metabolism in circumpolar populations or considered genediet interactions with fish and n-3 fatty acid intake. METHODS We searched for genomic regions exhibiting linkage and association with circulating levels of vitamin D and parathyroid hormone (PTH) in 982 Yup'ik individuals from the Center for Alaska Native Health Research Study. We also investigated potential interactions between genetic variants and a biomarker of traditional dietary intake, the δ15N value. RESULTS We identified several novel regions linked with circulating vitamin D and PTH as well as replicated a previous linkage finding on 2p16.2 for vitamin D. Bioinformatic analysis revealed multiple candidate genes for both PTH and vitamin D, including CUBN, MGAT3, and NFKBIA. Targeted association analysis identified NEBL as a candidate gene for vitamin D and FNDC3B for PTH. We observed significant associations between a variant in MXD1 and vitamin D only when an interaction with the δ15N value was included. Finally, we integrated pathway level information to illustrate the biological validity of the proposed candidate genes. CONCLUSION We provide evidence of linkage between several biologically plausible genomic regions and vitamin D metabolism in a circumpolar population. Additionally, these findings suggest that a traditional dietary pattern may modulate genetic effects on circulating vitamin D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stella Aslibekyan
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL USA
| | - Laura K. Vaughan
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL USA
- Department of Biology, King University, Bristol, TN USA
| | - Howard W. Wiener
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL USA
| | - Bertha A. Hidalgo
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL USA
| | - Dominick J. Lemas
- Department of Health Outcomes and Policy, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL USA
| | - Diane M. O’Brien
- Center for Alaska Native Health Research, Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK USA
| | - Scarlett E. Hopkins
- Center for Alaska Native Health Research, Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK USA
| | - Kimber L. Stanhope
- Departments of Molecular Biosciences and Nutrition, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA USA
| | - Peter J. Havel
- Departments of Molecular Biosciences and Nutrition, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA USA
| | | | - Bert B. Boyer
- Center for Alaska Native Health Research, Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK USA
| | - Hemant K. Tiwari
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL USA
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Fohner AE, Wang Z, Yracheta J, O’Brien DM, Hopkins SE, Black J, Philip J, Wiener HW, Tiwari HK, Stapleton PL, Tsai JM, Thornton TA, Boyer BB, Thummel KE. Genetics, Diet, and Season Are Associated with Serum 25-Hydroxycholecalciferol Concentration in a Yup'ik Study Population from Southwestern Alaska. J Nutr 2016; 146:318-25. [PMID: 26661839 PMCID: PMC4725435 DOI: 10.3945/jn.115.223388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low blood vitamin D concentration is a concern for people living in circumpolar regions, where sunlight is insufficient for vitamin D synthesis in winter months and the consumption of traditional dietary sources of vitamin D is decreasing. OBJECTIVE The objective was to characterize the effects of diet, genetic variation, and season on serum 25-hydroxycholecalciferol [25(OH)D3] concentrations in Yup'ik Alaska Native people living in rural southwest Alaska. METHODS This study was a cross-sectional design that assessed the associations of traditional diet (via a biomarker, the RBC δ(15)N value), age, gender, body mass index (BMI), community location, and genotype of select single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in cytochrome P450 family 2, subfamily R, peptide 1 (CYP2R1), 7-dehydrocholesterol reductase (DHCR7), and vitamin D binding protein (GC) with serum 25(OH)D3 concentrations in 743 Yup'ik male and female participants, aged 14-93 y, recruited between September 2009 and December 2013. RESULTS Yup'ik participants, on average, had adequate concentrations of serum 25(OH)D3 (31.1 ± 1.0 ng/mL). Variations in diet, BMI, age, gender, season of sample collection, and inland or coastal community geography were all significantly associated with serum 25(OH)D3 concentration. In models not adjusting for other covariates, age, diet, and seasonal effects explained 33.7%, 20.7%, and 9.8%, respectively, of variability in serum 25(OH)D3 concentrations. Of the 8 SNPs interrogated in CYP2R1 and DHCR7, only rs11023374 in CYP2R1 was significantly associated with serum 25(OH)D3, explaining 1.5% of variability. The GC haplotype explained an additional 2.8% of variability. Together, age, diet, gender, season of sample collection, BMI, geography of the community, and genotype at rs11023374 explained 52.5% of the variability in serum 25(OH)D3 concentrations. CONCLUSIONS Lower consumption of the traditional diet was associated with lower serum concentrations of 25(OH)D3. Younger adults and youth in this community may be at increased risk of adverse outcomes associated with vitamin D insufficiency compared with older members of the community, especially during seasons of low sunlight exposure, because of lower consumption of dietary sources of vitamin D.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Diane M O’Brien
- Center for Alaska Native Health Research, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK; and
| | - Scarlett E Hopkins
- Center for Alaska Native Health Research, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK; and
| | - Jynene Black
- Center for Alaska Native Health Research, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK; and
| | - Jacques Philip
- Center for Alaska Native Health Research, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK; and
| | - Howard W Wiener
- School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Hemant K Tiwari
- School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | | | | | | | - Bert B Boyer
- Center for Alaska Native Health Research, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK; and
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Reitsema LJ. Laboratory and field methods for stable isotope analysis in human biology. Am J Hum Biol 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.22754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
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Naito YI, Morita A, Natsuhara K, Tadokoro K, Baba J, Odani S, Tomitsuka E, Igai K, Tsutaya T, Yoneda M, Greenhill AR, Horwood PF, Soli KW, Phuanukoonnon S, Siba PM, Umezaki M. Association of protein intakes and variation of diet-scalp hair nitrogen isotopic discrimination factor in Papua New Guinea highlanders. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2015; 158:359-70. [DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.22798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Revised: 06/09/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuichi I. Naito
- Department of Integrated Biosciences; Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo; Kashiwanoha 5-1-5 Kashiwa Chiba 277-8562 Japan
| | - Ayako Morita
- Department of Human Ecology; Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo; 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
- Tokyo Medical and Dental University; Yushima 1-5-45 Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-8519 Japan
| | - Kazumi Natsuhara
- The Japanese Red Cross Akita College of Nursing; Nawashirosawa 17-3, Saruta, Kamikitate Akita Akita 010-1493 Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Tadokoro
- Department of Human Ecology; Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo; 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Jun Baba
- The Research Institute for Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa, Tokyo University of Foreign Studies; 3-11-1 Asahi-cho Fuchu Tokyo 183-8534 Japan
| | - Shingo Odani
- Faculty of Letters, Chiba University; 1-33 Yayoicho, Inage Chiba 263-8522 Japan
| | - Eriko Tomitsuka
- Department of Human Ecology; Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo; 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Katsura Igai
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Nagasaki University; 1-12-4 Sakamoto Nagasaki 852-8523 Japan
| | - Takumi Tsutaya
- Department of Integrated Biosciences; Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo; Kashiwanoha 5-1-5 Kashiwa Chiba 277-8562 Japan
| | - Minoru Yoneda
- Department of Integrated Biosciences; Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo; Kashiwanoha 5-1-5 Kashiwa Chiba 277-8562 Japan
- The University Museum, The University of Tokyo; Hongo 7-3-1 Bunkyo Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Andrew R. Greenhill
- Papua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research, PO Box 60, Goroka, Eastern Highlands Province 441; Papua New Guinea
- Federation University; Gippsland Campus Northways Road, Churchill Victoria 3842 Australia
| | - Paul F. Horwood
- Papua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research, PO Box 60, Goroka, Eastern Highlands Province 441; Papua New Guinea
| | - Kevin W. Soli
- Papua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research, PO Box 60, Goroka, Eastern Highlands Province 441; Papua New Guinea
| | - Suparat Phuanukoonnon
- Papua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research, PO Box 60, Goroka, Eastern Highlands Province 441; Papua New Guinea
| | - Peter M. Siba
- Papua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research, PO Box 60, Goroka, Eastern Highlands Province 441; Papua New Guinea
| | - Masahiro Umezaki
- Department of Human Ecology; Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo; 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
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Hedrick VE, Zoellner JM, Jahren AH, Woodford NA, Bostic JN, Davy BM. A Dual-Carbon-and-Nitrogen Stable Isotope Ratio Model Is Not Superior to a Single-Carbon Stable Isotope Ratio Model for Predicting Added Sugar Intake in Southwest Virginian Adults. J Nutr 2015; 145:1362-9. [PMID: 25855120 PMCID: PMC4442118 DOI: 10.3945/jn.115.211011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Accepted: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND An objective measure of added sugar (AS) and sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) intake is needed. The δ(13)C value of finger-stick blood is a novel validated biomarker of AS/SSB intake; however, nonsweetener corn products and animal protein also carry a δ(13)C value similar to AS sources, which may affect blood δ(13)C values. The δ(15)N value of blood has been proposed as a "correction factor" for animal protein intake. OBJECTIVES The objectives were to 1) identify foods associated with δ(13)C and δ(15)N blood values, 2) determine the contribution of nonsweetener corn to the diet relative to AS intake, and 3) determine if the dual-isotope model (δ(13)C and δ(15)N) is a better predictor of AS/SSB intake than δ(13)C alone. METHODS A cross-sectional sample of southwest Virginian adults (n = 257; aged 42 ± 15 y; 74% overweight/obese) underwent dietary intake assessments and provided finger-stick blood samples, which were analyzed for δ(13)C and δ(15)N values by using natural abundance stable isotope mass spectrometry. Statistical analyses included ANOVAs, paired-samples t tests, and multiple linear regressions. RESULTS The mean ± SD daily AS intake was 88 ± 59 g and nonsweetener corn intake was 13 ± 13 g. The mean δ(13)C value was -19.1 ± 0.9‰, which was significantly correlated with AS and SSB intakes (r = 0.32 and 0.39, respectively; P ≤ 0.01). The δ(13)C value and nonsweetener corn intake and the δ(15)N value and animal protein intake were not correlated. AS intake was significantly greater than nonsweetener corn intake (mean difference = 76.2 ± 57.2 g; P ≤ 0.001). The δ(13)C value was predictive of AS/SSB intake (β range: 0.28-0.35; P ≤ 0.01); however, δ(15)N was not predictive and minimal increases in R(2) values were observed when the δ(15)N value was added to the model. CONCLUSIONS The data do not provide evidence that the dual-isotope method is superior for predicting AS/SSB intakes within a southwest Virginian population. Our results support the potential of the δ(13)C value of finger-stick blood to serve as an objective measure of AS/SSB intake. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02193009.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valisa E Hedrick
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA; and
| | - Jamie M Zoellner
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA; and
| | - A Hope Jahren
- School of Earth and Ocean Science and Technology, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI
| | - Natalie A Woodford
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA; and
| | - Joshua N Bostic
- School of Earth and Ocean Science and Technology, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI
| | - Brenda M Davy
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA; and
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42
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Bostic JN, Palafox SJ, Rottmueller ME, Jahren AH. Effect of baking and fermentation on the stable carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios of grain-based food. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2015; 29:937-947. [PMID: 26407308 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.7178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Revised: 02/17/2015] [Accepted: 02/21/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS) is used extensively to reconstruct general attributes of prehistoric and modern diets in both humans and animals. In order to apply these methods to the accurate determination of specific intakes of foods/nutrients of interest, the isotopic signature of individually consumed foods must be constrained. For example, 86% of the calories consumed in the USA are derived from processed and prepared foods, but the relationship between the stable isotope composition of raw ingredients and the resulting products has not been characterized. METHODS To examine the effect of common cooking techniques on the stable isotope composition of grain-based food items, we prepared yeast buns and sugar cookies from standardized recipes and measured bulk δ(13) C and δ(15) N values of samples collected throughout a 75 min fermentation process (buns) and before and after baking at 190°C (buns and cookies). Simple isotope mixing models were used to determine if the isotopic signatures of 13 multi-ingredient foods could be estimated from the isotopic signatures of their constituent raw ingredients. RESULTS No variations in δ(13) C or δ(15) N values were detected between pre- and post-baked yeast buns (pre: -24.78‰/2.61‰, post: -24.75‰/2.74‰), beet-sugar cookies (pre: -24.48‰/3.84‰, post: -24.47‰/3.57‰), and cane-sugar cookies (pre: -19.07‰/2.97‰, post: -19.02‰/3.21‰), or throughout a 75 min fermentation process in yeast buns. Using isotopic mass balance equations, the δ(13) C/δ(15) N values of multi-ingredient foods were estimated from the isotopic composition of constituent raw ingredients to within 0.14 ± 0.13‰/0.24 ± 0.17‰ for gravimetrically measured recipes and 0.40 ± 0.38‰/0.58 ± 0.53‰ for volumetrically measured recipes. CONCLUSIONS Two common food preparation techniques, baking and fermentation, do not substantially affect the carbon or nitrogen isotopic signature of grain-based foods. Mass-balance equations can be used to accurately estimate the isotopic signature of multi-ingredient food items for which quantitative ingredient information is available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua N Bostic
- Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, 96822, USA
| | - Sherilyn J Palafox
- Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, 96822, USA
| | - Marina E Rottmueller
- Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, 96822, USA
| | - A Hope Jahren
- Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, 96822, USA
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43
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Abstract
Diet is a leading modifiable risk factor for chronic disease, but it remains difficult to measure accurately due to the error and bias inherent in self-reported methods of diet assessment. Consequently, there is a pressing need for more objective biomarkers of diet for use in health research. The stable isotope ratios of light elements are a promising set of candidate biomarkers because they vary naturally and reproducibly among foods, and those variations are captured in molecules and tissues with high fidelity. Recent studies have identified valid isotopic measures of short- and long-term sugar intake, meat intake, and fish intake in specific populations. These studies provide a strong foundation for validating stable isotopic biomarkers in the general US population. Approaches to improve specificity for specific foods are needed; for example, by modeling intake using multiple stable isotope ratios or by isolating and measuring specific molecules linked to foods of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane M O'Brien
- Center for Alaska Native Health Research, Institute of Arctic Biology and Department of Biology and Wildlife, University of Alaska, Fairbanks, Alaska 99775-7000;
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44
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Beaulieu-Jones BR, O'Brien DM, Hopkins SE, Moore JH, Boyer BB, Gilbert-Diamond D. Sex, Adiposity, and Hypertension Status Modify the Inverse Effect of Marine Food Intake on Blood Pressure in Alaska Native (Yup'ik) People. J Nutr 2015; 145:931-8. [PMID: 25788581 PMCID: PMC4408740 DOI: 10.3945/jn.114.209619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2014] [Revised: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alaska Native people currently have a higher prevalence of hypertension than do nonnative Alaskans, although in the 1950s hypertension was rare among Alaska Native people. A novel biomarker of marine foods, the nitrogen isotope ratio (δ¹⁵N) in RBCs was shown to be negatively associated with systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Few studies have examined how individual characteristics modify the association of marine food intake with blood pressure. OBJECTIVE This exploratory analysis examined whether sex, adiposity, and hypertension modify the inverse association between marine food intake and blood pressure. METHODS We used covariate-adjusted linear models to describe the association between δ¹⁵N and blood pressure in 873 adult Alaska Native (Yup'ik) people who resided in 8 communities in southwest Alaska. We separately stratified by sex, body mass index (BMI) group, abdominal obesity, and hypertension status and assessed the interaction between δ¹⁵N and participant characteristics on blood pressure via likelihood ratio tests. RESULTS The association between δ¹⁵N and systolic blood pressure was modified by sex, BMI status, and abdominal obesity, with the inverse association observed only in the male (β = -1.5; 95% CI: -2.4, -0.6 : , nonobese BMI (β = -1.7; 95% CI: -2.5, -1.0), and non-abdominally obese (β = -1.6; 95% CI: -2.4, -0.9) strata (all P-interaction < 0.0001). A reduction in diastolic blood pressure associated with δ¹⁵N was observed in the nonobese BMI (β = -1.1; 95% CI: -1.7, -0.5) and non-abdominally obese (β = -1.1; 95% CI: -1.7, -0.5) strata, although only the interaction between BMI group and δ¹⁵N with diastolic blood pressure was significant. The inverse association between δ¹⁵N and both systolic and diastolic blood pressure was observed in nonhypertensive individuals, although the comparison had limited power. The results were consistent with those identified by using combined RBC concentrations of eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid as the biomarker of marine food intake, although the associations identified by using δ¹⁵N were larger. CONCLUSIONS Obesity status modified the inverse association between marine food intake and both systolic and diastolic blood pressure in adult Alaska Native (Yup'ik) people. The inverse association between δ¹⁵N and systolic blood pressure was also modified by sex.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Diane M O'Brien
- Center for Alaska Native Health Research, Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK
| | - Scarlett E Hopkins
- Center for Alaska Native Health Research, Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK
| | - Jason H Moore
- Department of Genetics, and Institute for Quantitative Biomedical Sciences, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH
| | - Bert B Boyer
- Center for Alaska Native Health Research, Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK
| | - Diane Gilbert-Diamond
- Department of Epidemiology, Institute for Quantitative Biomedical Sciences, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH;
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45
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Characterising the reproducibility and reliability of dietary patterns among Yup'ik Alaska Native people. Br J Nutr 2015; 113:634-43. [PMID: 25656871 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114514003596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
FFQ data can be used to characterise dietary patterns for diet-disease association studies. In the present study, we evaluated three previously defined dietary patterns--'subsistence foods', market-based 'processed foods' and 'fruits and vegetables'--among a sample of Yup'ik people from Southwest Alaska. We tested the reproducibility and reliability of the dietary patterns, as well as the associations of these patterns with dietary biomarkers and participant characteristics. We analysed data from adult study participants who completed at least one FFQ with the Center for Alaska Native Health Research 9/2009-5/2013. To test the reproducibility of the dietary patterns, we conducted a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) of a hypothesised model using eighteen food items to measure the dietary patterns (n 272). To test the reliability of the dietary patterns, we used the CFA to measure composite reliability (n 272) and intra-class correlation coefficients for test-retest reliability (n 113). Finally, to test the associations, we used linear regression (n 637). All factor loadings, except one, in CFA indicated acceptable correlations between foods and dietary patterns (r>0·40), and model-fit criteria were >0·90. Composite and test-retest reliability of the dietary patterns were, respectively, 0·56 and 0·34 for 'subsistence foods', 0·73 and 0·66 for 'processed foods', and 0·72 and 0·54 for 'fruits and vegetables'. In the multi-predictor analysis, the dietary patterns were significantly associated with dietary biomarkers, community location, age, sex and self-reported lifestyle. This analysis confirmed the reproducibility and reliability of the dietary patterns in the present study population. These dietary patterns can be used for future research and development of dietary interventions in this underserved population.
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Bender RL, Dufour DL, Valenzuela LO, Cerling TE, Sponheimer M, Reina JC, Ehleringer JR. Stable isotopes (carbon, nitrogen, sulfur), diet, and anthropometry in urban Colombian women: Investigating socioeconomic differences. Am J Hum Biol 2014; 27:207-18. [DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.22640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2014] [Revised: 09/16/2014] [Accepted: 09/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Richard L. Bender
- Department of Anthropology; University of Colorado; Boulder Colorado
| | - Darna L. Dufour
- Department of Anthropology; University of Colorado; Boulder Colorado
| | - Luciano O. Valenzuela
- Department of Biology; University of Utah; Salt Lake City Utah
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET)-Laboratorio de Ecología Evolutiva Humana; Unidad de Enseñanza Universitaria Quequen, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires; Buenos Aires Argentina
| | | | - Matt Sponheimer
- Department of Anthropology; University of Colorado; Boulder Colorado
| | - Julio C. Reina
- Departmento de Pediatría; Universidad del Valle and Centro Médico Imbanaco; Cali Colombia
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47
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Patel PS, Cooper AJM, O'Connell TC, Kuhnle GGC, Kneale CK, Mulligan AM, Luben RN, Brage S, Khaw KT, Wareham NJ, Forouhi NG. Serum carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes as potential biomarkers of dietary intake and their relation with incident type 2 diabetes: the EPIC-Norfolk study. Am J Clin Nutr 2014; 100:708-18. [PMID: 24990425 PMCID: PMC4095667 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.113.068577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stable-isotope ratios of carbon (¹³C/¹²C, expressed as δ¹³C) and nitrogen (¹⁵N/¹⁴N, or δ¹⁵N) have been proposed as potential nutritional biomarkers to distinguish between meat, fish, and plant-based foods. OBJECTIVE The objective was to investigate dietary correlates of δ¹³C and δ¹⁵N and examine the association of these biomarkers with incident type 2 diabetes in a prospective study. DESIGN Serum δ¹³C and δ¹⁵N (‰) were measured by using isotope ratio mass spectrometry in a case-cohort study (n = 476 diabetes cases; n = 718 subcohort) nested within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)-Norfolk population-based cohort. We examined dietary (food-frequency questionnaire) correlates of δ¹³C and δ¹⁵N in the subcohort. HRs and 95% CIs were estimated by using Prentice-weighted Cox regression. RESULTS Mean (±SD) δ¹³C and δ¹⁵N were -22.8 ± 0.4‰ and 10.2 ± 0.4‰, respectively, and δ¹³C (r = 0.22) and δ¹⁵N (r = 0.20) were positively correlated (P < 0.001) with fish protein intake. Animal protein was not correlated with δ¹³C but was significantly correlated with δ¹⁵N (dairy protein: r = 0.11; meat protein: r = 0.09; terrestrial animal protein: r = 0.12, P ≤ 0.013). δ¹³C was inversely associated with diabetes in adjusted analyses (HR per tertile: 0.74; 95% CI: 0.65, 0.83; P-trend < 0.001], whereas δ¹⁵N was positively associated (HR: 1.23; 95% CI: 1.09, 1.38; P-trend = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The isotope ratios δ¹³C and δ¹⁵N may both serve as potential biomarkers of fish protein intake, whereas only δ¹⁵N may reflect broader animal-source protein intake in a European population. The inverse association of δ¹³C but a positive association of δ¹⁵N with incident diabetes should be interpreted in the light of knowledge of dietary intake and may assist in identifying dietary components that are associated with health risks and benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinal S Patel
- From the MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom (PSP, AJMC, SB, NJW, and NGF); the Department of Archaeology & Anthropology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, United Kingdom (TCO); the McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, United Kingdom (TCO and CKK); the University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom (GGCK); and the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom (AMM, RNL, K-TK, and GGCK)
| | - Andrew J M Cooper
- From the MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom (PSP, AJMC, SB, NJW, and NGF); the Department of Archaeology & Anthropology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, United Kingdom (TCO); the McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, United Kingdom (TCO and CKK); the University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom (GGCK); and the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom (AMM, RNL, K-TK, and GGCK)
| | - Tamsin C O'Connell
- From the MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom (PSP, AJMC, SB, NJW, and NGF); the Department of Archaeology & Anthropology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, United Kingdom (TCO); the McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, United Kingdom (TCO and CKK); the University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom (GGCK); and the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom (AMM, RNL, K-TK, and GGCK)
| | - Gunter G C Kuhnle
- From the MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom (PSP, AJMC, SB, NJW, and NGF); the Department of Archaeology & Anthropology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, United Kingdom (TCO); the McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, United Kingdom (TCO and CKK); the University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom (GGCK); and the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom (AMM, RNL, K-TK, and GGCK)
| | - Catherine K Kneale
- From the MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom (PSP, AJMC, SB, NJW, and NGF); the Department of Archaeology & Anthropology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, United Kingdom (TCO); the McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, United Kingdom (TCO and CKK); the University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom (GGCK); and the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom (AMM, RNL, K-TK, and GGCK)
| | - Angela M Mulligan
- From the MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom (PSP, AJMC, SB, NJW, and NGF); the Department of Archaeology & Anthropology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, United Kingdom (TCO); the McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, United Kingdom (TCO and CKK); the University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom (GGCK); and the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom (AMM, RNL, K-TK, and GGCK)
| | - Robert N Luben
- From the MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom (PSP, AJMC, SB, NJW, and NGF); the Department of Archaeology & Anthropology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, United Kingdom (TCO); the McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, United Kingdom (TCO and CKK); the University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom (GGCK); and the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom (AMM, RNL, K-TK, and GGCK)
| | - Soren Brage
- From the MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom (PSP, AJMC, SB, NJW, and NGF); the Department of Archaeology & Anthropology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, United Kingdom (TCO); the McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, United Kingdom (TCO and CKK); the University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom (GGCK); and the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom (AMM, RNL, K-TK, and GGCK)
| | - Kay-Tee Khaw
- From the MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom (PSP, AJMC, SB, NJW, and NGF); the Department of Archaeology & Anthropology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, United Kingdom (TCO); the McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, United Kingdom (TCO and CKK); the University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom (GGCK); and the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom (AMM, RNL, K-TK, and GGCK)
| | - Nicholas J Wareham
- From the MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom (PSP, AJMC, SB, NJW, and NGF); the Department of Archaeology & Anthropology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, United Kingdom (TCO); the McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, United Kingdom (TCO and CKK); the University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom (GGCK); and the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom (AMM, RNL, K-TK, and GGCK)
| | - Nita G Forouhi
- From the MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom (PSP, AJMC, SB, NJW, and NGF); the Department of Archaeology & Anthropology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, United Kingdom (TCO); the McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, United Kingdom (TCO and CKK); the University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom (GGCK); and the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom (AMM, RNL, K-TK, and GGCK)
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48
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Savory G, Hunter C, Wooller M, O’Brien D. Anthropogenic food use and diet overlap between red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) and arctic foxes (Vulpes lagopus) in Prudhoe Bay, Alaska. CAN J ZOOL 2014. [DOI: 10.1139/cjz-2013-0283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Red foxes (Vulpes vulpes (L., 1758)) recently expanded into the oil fields at Prudhoe Bay, Alaska, USA, and we hypothesized that the availability of anthropogenic foods may contribute to their success and persistence there. This study assessed the importance of anthropogenic foods to the diets of red foxes and arctic foxes (Vulpes lagopus (L., 1758)), and competition for food resources between the two species in Prudhoe Bay. We used stable isotope analysis of fox tissues to infer diet during summer and winter for both red and arctic foxes, and lifetime diet for red fox. While the contribution of anthropogenic foods in late summer for both species’ diets was low (~10% to 15%), the contribution in late winter was higher and varied between species (red foxes = 49%; arctic foxes = 39%). Estimates of lifetime diet in red foxes suggest consistent use of anthropogenic foods. We found moderate overlap of fox diets, although red foxes appeared to be more specialized on lemmings, whereas arctic foxes had a more diverse diet. Availability and consumption of anthropogenic foods by red foxes, particularly in winter, may partially explain their year-round presence in Prudhoe Bay.
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Affiliation(s)
- G.A. Savory
- Institute of Arctic Biology, Department of Biology and Wildlife, University of Alaska Fairbanks, P.O. Box 756100, Fairbanks, AK 99775, USA
| | - C.M. Hunter
- Institute of Arctic Biology, Department of Biology and Wildlife, University of Alaska Fairbanks, P.O. Box 757000, Fairbanks, AK 99775, USA
| | - M.J. Wooller
- Alaska Stable Isotope Facility, Water and Environmental Research Center, Institute of Northern Engineering, P.O. Box 755860, Fairbanks, AK 99775, USA
- Institute of Marine Science & School of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, University of Alaska Fairbanks, P.O. Box 755860, Fairbanks, AK 99775, USA
| | - D.M. O’Brien
- Center for Alaska Native Health Research, Institute of Arctic Biology, Department of Biology and Wildlife, University of Alaska Fairbanks, P.O. Box 757000, Fairbanks, AK 99775, USA
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49
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Fakhouri THI, Jahren AH, Appel LJ, Chen L, Alavi R, Anderson CAM. Serum carbon isotope values change in adults in response to changes in sugar-sweetened beverage intake. J Nutr 2014; 144:902-5. [PMID: 24717368 PMCID: PMC4018953 DOI: 10.3945/jn.113.186213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Serum carbon isotope values [13C-to-12C serum carbon isotope ratio (δ(13)C)], which reflect consumption of corn- and cane-based foods, differ between persons consuming high and low amounts of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs). In this study, we determined whether serum δ(13)C changes in response to change in SSB intake during an 18-mo behavioral intervention trial. Data were from a subset of 144 participants from the PREMIER trial, a completed behavioral intervention (Maryland, 1998-2004). SSB intake was assessed using 2 24-h dietary recall interviews. Blinded serum samples were assayed for δ(13)C by natural abundance stable isotope mass spectroscopy. Multiple linear regression models with generalized estimating equations and robust variance estimation were used. At baseline, mean SSB intake was 13.8 ± 14.2 fl oz/d, and mean δ(13)C serum value was -19.3 ± 0.6 units per mil (designated ‰). A reduction of 12 oz (355 mL)/d SSB (equivalent to 1 can of soda per day) was associated with 0.17‰ (95% CI: 0.08‰, 0.25‰ P < 0.0001) reduction in serum δ(13)C values over 18 mo (equivalent to a 1% reduction in δ(13)C from baseline). After adjusting for potential confounders, a reduction of 12 oz/d SSB (equivalent to 1 can of soda per day), over an 18-mo period, was associated with 0.12‰ (95% CI: 0.01‰, 0.22‰ P = 0.025) reduction in serum δ(13)C. These findings suggest that serum δ(13)C can be used as a measure of dietary changes in SSB intake.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - A. Hope Jahren
- School of Earth and Ocean Science and Technology, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI
| | - Lawrence J. Appel
- Department of Epidemiology and,Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD,Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Liwei Chen
- Program of Epidemiology, Louisiana State University School of Public Health, New Orleans, LA; and
| | - Reza Alavi
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Cheryl A. M. Anderson
- Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA,To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
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O’Brien DM, Kristal AR, Nash SH, Hopkins SE, Luick BR, Stanhope KL, Havel PJ, Boyer BB. A stable isotope biomarker of marine food intake captures associations between n-3 fatty acid intake and chronic disease risk in a Yup'ik study population, and detects new associations with blood pressure and adiponectin. J Nutr 2014; 144:706-13. [PMID: 24598880 PMCID: PMC3985827 DOI: 10.3945/jn.113.189381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The nitrogen isotope ratio (δ(15)N) of RBCs has been proposed as a biomarker of marine food intake in Yup'ik people based on strong associations with RBC eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). However, EPA and DHA derive from marine fats, whereas elevated δ(15)N derives from marine protein, and these dietary components may have different biologic effects. Whether δ(15)N is similarly associated with chronic disease risk factors compared with RBC EPA and DHA is not known. We used covariate-adjusted linear models to describe biomarker associations with chronic disease risk factors in Yup'ik people, first in a smaller (n = 363) cross-sectional study population using RBC EPA, DHA, and δ(15)N, and then in a larger (n = 772) cross-sectional study population using δ(15)N only. In the smaller sample, associations of RBC EPA, DHA, and δ(15)N with obesity and chronic disease risk factors were similar in direction and significance: δ(15)N was positively associated with total, HDL, and LDL cholesterol, apolipoprotein A-I, and insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3), and inversely associated with triglycerides. Based on comparisons between covariate-adjusted β-coefficients, EPA was more strongly associated with circulating lipids and lipoproteins, whereas δ(15)N was more strongly associated with adipokines, the inflammatory marker interleukin-6, and IGFBP-3. In the larger sample there were new findings for this population: δ(15)N was inversely associated with blood pressure and there was a significant association (with inverse linear and positive quadratic terms) with adiponectin. In conclusion, δ(15)N is a valid measure for evaluating associations between EPA and DHA intake and chronic disease risk in Yup'ik people and may be used in larger studies. By measuring δ(15)N, we report beneficial associations of marine food intake with blood pressure and adiponectin, which may contribute to a lower incidence of some chronic diseases in Yup'ik people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane M. O’Brien
- Center for Alaska Native Health Research, Institute of Arctic Biology, and,Department of Biology and Wildlife, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK,To whom correspondence should be addressed: E-mail:
| | - Alan R. Kristal
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; and
| | - Sarah H. Nash
- Center for Alaska Native Health Research, Institute of Arctic Biology, and,Department of Biology and Wildlife, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK
| | | | - Bret R. Luick
- Center for Alaska Native Health Research, Institute of Arctic Biology, and
| | - Kimber L. Stanhope
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, and,Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA
| | - Peter J. Havel
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, and,Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA
| | - Bert B. Boyer
- Center for Alaska Native Health Research, Institute of Arctic Biology, and
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