1
|
Liu Z, Dai J, Liu R, Shen Z, Huang A, Huang Y, Wang L, Chen P, Zhou Z, Xiao H, Chen X, Yang X. Complex insoluble dietary fiber alleviates obesity and liver steatosis, and modulates the gut microbiota in C57BL/6J mice fed a high-fat diet. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2024; 104:5462-5473. [PMID: 38348948 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.13380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity has been demonstrated as a risk factor that seriously affects health. Insoluble dietary fiber (IDF), as a major component of dietary fiber, has positive effects on obesity, inflammation and diabetes. RESULTS In this study, complex IDF was prepared using 50% enoki mushroom IDF, 40% carrot IDF, and 10% oat IDF. The effects and potential mechanism of complex IDF on obesity were investigated in C57BL/6 mice fed a high-fat diet. The results showed that feeding diets containing 5% complex IDF for 8 weeks significantly reduced mouse body weight, epididymal lipid index, and ectopic fat deposition, and improved mouse liver lipotoxicity (reduced serum levels of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase), fatty liver, and short-chain fatty acid composition. High-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA and analysis of fecal metabolomics showed that the intervention with complex IDF reversed the high-fat-diet-induced dysbiosis of gut microbiota, which is associated with obesity and intestinal inflammation, and affected metabolic pathways, such as primary bile acid biosynthesis, related to fat digestion and absorption. CONCLUSION Composite IDF intervention can effectively inhibit high-fat-diet-induced obesity and related symptoms and affect the gut microbiota and related metabolic pathways in obesity. Complex IDF has potential value in the prevention of obesity and metabolic syndrome. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zurui Liu
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Dai
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruijia Liu
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziyi Shen
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Ai Huang
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - YuKun Huang
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Lijun Wang
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengfei Chen
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng Zhou
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Hang Xiao
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Xianggui Chen
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Specialty Food Co-Built by Sichuan and Chongqing, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Yang
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Specialty Food Co-Built by Sichuan and Chongqing, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhou AL, Ward RE. Dietary milk polar lipids modulate gut barrier integrity and lipid metabolism in C57BL/6J mice during systemic inflammation induced by Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide. J Dairy Sci 2024:S0022-0302(24)00863-4. [PMID: 38825111 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2024-24759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
The focus of this work is the role milk polar lipids play in affecting gut permeability, systemic inflammation, and lipid metabolism during acute and chronic inflammation induced by a single subcutaneous injection of lipopolysaccharide. Three groups of C57BL/6J mice were fed: modified AIN-93G diet with moderate level of fat (CO); CO with milk gangliosides (GG); CO with milk phospholipids (MPL). The MPL did not prevent a gut permeability increase upon LPS stress but increased the expression of tight junction proteins zonula occludens-1 and occludin in colon mucosa. The GG prevented the gut permeability increase upon LPS stress. The MPL decreased absolute and relative liver mass and decreased hepatic gene expression of acetyl-CoA carboxylase 2 and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase. The GG increased hepatic gene expression of acetyl-CoA acyltransferase 2. In conclusion, milk GG protected the intestinal barrier integrity but had little effect on systemic inflammation and lipid metabolism; milk MPL, conversely, had complex effects on gut permeability, did not affect systemic inflammation, and had beneficial effect on hepatic lipid metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Albert Lihong Zhou
- Nutrition, Dietetics and Food Sciences, Utah State University, 8700 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322, USA
| | - Robert E Ward
- Nutrition, Dietetics and Food Sciences, Utah State University, 8700 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Geng N, Li Y, Zhang Y, Wang H, Song J, Yu L, Wu C. Effects of Modified Dietary Fiber from Fresh Corn Bracts on Obesity and Intestinal Microbiota in High-Fat-Diet Mice. Molecules 2023; 28:4949. [PMID: 37446612 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28134949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The effects of insoluble dietary fiber from fresh corn bracts modified by dynamic high-pressure micro-fluidization (DHPM) on the pathological characteristics of obesity, intestinal microflora distribution and production of short-chain fatty acids in high-fat-diet C57BL/6 mice were evaluated. The results show that the DHPM-modified dietary fiber from fresh corn bracts significantly reduces weight gain, insulin resistance and oxidative damage caused by a high-fat diet, and promotes the production of SCFAs, especially acetic acid, propionic acid and butyric acid. These modified dietary fibers also change the proportion of different types of bacteria in the intestinal microflora of mice, reduce the ratio of Firmicutes and Bacteroidota and promote the proliferation of Bifidobacteriales. Therefore, the DHPM-modified dietary fiber from fresh corn bracts can be used as a good intestinal microbiota regulator to promote intestinal health, thereby achieving the role of preventing and treating obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ningning Geng
- Institute of Agro-Product Processing, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Ying Li
- Institute of Agro-Product Processing, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Hongjuan Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jiangfeng Song
- Institute of Agro-Product Processing, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Lijun Yu
- Institute of Agro-Product Processing, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Caie Wu
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Structural Characteristics of Insoluble Dietary Fiber from Okara with Different Particle Sizes and Their Prebiotic Effects in Rats Fed High-Fat Diet. Foods 2022; 11:foods11091298. [PMID: 35564020 PMCID: PMC9101504 DOI: 10.3390/foods11091298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary fiber, which is utilized to make functional meals, is an important component for promoting human health and managing calorie consumption. In this study, three different particle sizes of OIDF (Okara insoluble dietary fiber) were characterized. Their lipid-lowering effects and the impacts on gut microbiota were determined by OIDF intervention in high-fat diet rats. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results showed that the three particle sizes of OIDF have different morphologies. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) results showed that the three sources of IDF samples have similar active groups, but the thermogravimetric analysis/differential scanning calorimetry (TGA/DSC) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) showed that three different particle sizes of OIDF have different retention and crystallinity. Among the three OIDFs, OIDF-10 exhibited the stronger WSC, OHC, CAC, and SCAC. The results after the feeding showed that the OIDF of three particle sizes could improve the elevation of blood lipids and the disturbance of gut microbiota caused by the high-fat diet. Therefore, this study demonstrated the functional significance of the three particle sizes of OIDF and provided a reference for its application in functional food processing, aiming at maintaining healthy blood lipid and intestinal flora levels.
Collapse
|
5
|
Telle-Hansen VH, Gaundal L, Høgvard B, Ulven SM, Holven KB, Byfuglien MG, Måge I, Knutsen SH, Ballance S, Rieder A, Rud I, Myhrstad MCW. A Three-Day Intervention With Granola Containing Cereal Beta-Glucan Improves Glycemic Response and Changes the Gut Microbiota in Healthy Individuals: A Crossover Study. Front Nutr 2022; 9:796362. [PMID: 35578615 PMCID: PMC9106798 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.796362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Intake of soluble fibers including beta-glucan, is known to improve post-prandial glycemic response. The mechanisms have been attributed to the viscous gel forming in the stomach and small intestine, giving a longer absorption time. However, recent evidence suggests a link between intake of beta-glucan and improved glycemic regulation at subsequent meals through the gut microbiota. We investigated the short-term effect of granola with different amounts of cereal beta-glucan on glycemic response and gut microbiota. After a two-week run-in period (baseline), fourteen healthy, normal weight adults completed a dose-response dietary crossover study. Different amounts of cereal beta-glucan (low: 0.8 g, medium: 3.2 g and high: 6.6 g) were provided in granola and eaten with 200 ml low-fat milk as an evening meal for three consecutive days. Blood glucose and insulin were measured fasted and after an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) the following day, in addition to peptide YY (PYY) and glucagon-like peptide (GLP-2), fasting short chain fatty acids (SCFA) in blood, breath H2, and gut microbiota in feces. Only the intervention with medium amounts of beta-glucan decreased blood glucose and insulin during OGTT compared to baseline. Fasting PYY increased with both medium and high beta-glucan meal compared to the low beta-glucan meal. The microbiota and SCFAs changed after all three interventions compared to baseline, where acetate and butyrate increased, while propionate was unchanged. Highest positive effect size after intake of beta-glucan was found with Haemophilus, followed by Veillonella and Sutterella. Furthermore, we found several correlations between different bacterial taxa and markers of glycemic response. In summary, intake of granola containing 3.2 g cereal beta-glucan as an evening meal for three consecutive days reduced the glycemic response after an OGTT 0-180 min and changed gut microbiota composition. Since we cannot rule out that other fiber types have contributed to the effect, more studies are needed to further explore the effect of cereal beta-glucan on glycemic regulation. Clinical Trial Registration [www.clinicaltrials.gov], identifier [NCT03293693].
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vibeke H. Telle-Hansen
- Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
| | - Line Gaundal
- Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
| | - Benedicte Høgvard
- Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
| | - Stine M. Ulven
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kirsten B. Holven
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- The Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Familial Hypercholesterolemia, Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Ingrid Måge
- Nofima AS (Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research), Ås, Norway
| | - Svein Halvor Knutsen
- Nofima AS (Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research), Ås, Norway
| | - Simon Ballance
- Nofima AS (Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research), Ås, Norway
| | - Anne Rieder
- Nofima AS (Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research), Ås, Norway
| | - Ida Rud
- Nofima AS (Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research), Ås, Norway
| | - Mari C. W. Myhrstad
- Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
DHPPA, a major plasma alkylresorcinol metabolite reflecting whole-grain wheat and rye intake, and risk of metabolic syndrome: a case-control study. Eur J Nutr 2022; 61:3247-3254. [PMID: 35459972 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-022-02880-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Whole-grain intake assessed through self-reported methods has been suggested to be inversely associated with the metabolic syndrome (MetS) risk in epidemiological studies. However, few studies have evaluated the association between whole-grain intake and MetS risk using objective biomarkers of whole-grain intake. The aim of this study was to examine the association between plasma 3-(3,5-Dihydroxyphenyl)-1-propanoic acid (DHPPA), a biomarker of whole-grain wheat and rye intake, and MetS risk in a Chinese population. METHODS A case-control study of 667 MetS cases and 667 matched controls was conducted based on baseline data of the Tongji-Ezhou Cohort study. Plasma DHPPA concentrations were assessed by high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The MetS was defined based on criteria set by the Joint Interim Statement. RESULTS Plasma DHPPA was inversely associated with MetS risk. After adjustment for age, sex, body mass index, smoking status, alcohol drinking status, physical activity and education level, the odds ratios (ORs) for MetS across increasing quartiles of plasma DHPPA concentrations were 1 (referent), 0.86 (0.58-1.26), 0.77 (0.52-1.15), and 0.59 (0.39-0.89), respectively. In addition, the cubic spline analysis revealed a potential nonlinear association between plasma DHPPA and MetS, with a steep reduction in the risk at the lower range of plasma DHPPA concentration. CONCLUSION Our study revealed that individuals with higher DHPPA concentrations in plasma had lower odds of MetS compared to those with lower DHPPA concentrations in plasma. Our findings provided further evidence to support health benefits of whole grain consumption.
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhang X, Gérard P. Diet-gut microbiota interactions on cardiovascular disease. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2022; 20:1528-1540. [PMID: 35422966 PMCID: PMC8983311 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2022.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are a group of disorders of the heart and blood vessels and remain the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Over the past decades, accumulating studies indicated that the gut microbiota, an indispensable "invisible organ", plays a vital role in human metabolism and disease states including CVD. Among many endogenous and exogenous factors that can impact gut microbial communities, the dietary nutrients emerge as an essential component of host-microbiota relationships that can be involved in CVD susceptibility. In this review, we summarize the major concepts of dietary modulation of the gut microbiota and the chief principles of the involvement of this microbiota in CVD development. We also discuss the mechanisms of diet-microbiota crosstalk that regulate CVD progression, including endotoxemia, inflammation, gut barrier dysfunction and lipid metabolism dysfunction. In addition, we describe how metabolites produced by the microbiota, including trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO), secondary bile acids (BAs), short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) as well as aromatic amino acids (AAAs) derived metabolites play a role in CVD pathogenesis. Finally, we present the potential dietary interventions which interacted with gut microbiota as novel preventive and therapeutic strategies for CVD management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xufei Zhang
- Micalis Institute, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Philippe Gérard
- Micalis Institute, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
(20R)-Panaxadiol as a Natural Active Component with Anti-Obesity Effects on ob/ob Mice via Modulating the Gut Microbiota. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27082502. [PMID: 35458705 PMCID: PMC9032863 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27082502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is an important cause of diseases such as type 2 diabetes, non-alcoholic fatty liver and atherosclerosis. The use of ingredients extracted from traditional Chinese medicine for weight loss is now receiving more and more attention. Ginseng has been recorded since ancient times for the treatment of diabetes. The (20R)-Panaxadiol (PD) belongs to the ginseng diol type compounds, which are moderately bioavailable and may remain in the intestinal tract for a longer period of time. This study investigated the potential positive effect of PD in ob/ob mice and evaluated its effect against obesity. The ob/ob mice were administered PD for ten weeks. Our study showed that PD could improve obesity, glucose tolerance disorder, as well as gut dysbiosis. Panaxadiol decreased ob/ob mice’s Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes (F/B). Furthermore, 16S rRNA gene sequencing of the fecal microbiota suggested that PD changed the composition of the gut microbiota in ob/ob mice and modulated specific bacteria such as lactobacillus, prevotellace and so on. Moreover, PD improved the intestinal wall integrity. In conclusion, our results suggest that (20R)-Panaxadiol, as an active ingredient of the traditional Chinese medicinal herb ginseng, may improve obesity to some extent via improving gut microbiota
Collapse
|
9
|
Nkhata Malunga L, Ames N, Mitchell Fetch J, Netticadan T, Joseph Thandapilly S. Genotypic and environmental variations in phenolic acid and avenanthramide content of Canadian oat (Avena sativa). Food Chem 2022; 388:132904. [PMID: 35460963 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.132904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Phenolic compounds (PC) in oat may possess health promoting properties. This study evaluated the effect of genotype, environment, and their interaction on the phenolic acid and avenanthramide (AVN) concentration in Canadian oat. Six cultivars were grown at eight locations across Canada in a randomised complete block design with three field replicates. Free PCs were extracted from oat groat flour and analysed using a UPLC-PDA system. The cumulative concentration of free PCs and AVN ranged from 58 to 350 and 9 to 244 µg/g, respectively. The effect of environment was significant (p < 0.0001) for the concentration of all PCs. Cultivar differences significantly influenced the concentration of all PCs but AVNs A and B. The growing location explained > 68% of the variation in the concentration of AVN. Thus understanding the genotypic and environmental triggers of individual PCs may help agronomists and breeders strategize in selecting and growing oat cultivars of interest.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lovemore Nkhata Malunga
- Agriculture & Agri-Food Canada, 196 Innovation Drive, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 6C5, Canada; Richardson Centre for Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals, University of Manitoba, 196 Innovation Drive, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada; Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Nancy Ames
- Agriculture & Agri-Food Canada, 196 Innovation Drive, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 6C5, Canada; Richardson Centre for Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals, University of Manitoba, 196 Innovation Drive, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada; Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
| | - Jennifer Mitchell Fetch
- Agriculture & Agri-Food Canada, Brandon Research Development Center, Brandon, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Thomas Netticadan
- Agriculture & Agri-Food Canada, 196 Innovation Drive, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 6C5, Canada; Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, 351 Tache Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba R2H 2A6, Canada
| | - Sijo Joseph Thandapilly
- Agriculture & Agri-Food Canada, 196 Innovation Drive, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 6C5, Canada; Richardson Centre for Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals, University of Manitoba, 196 Innovation Drive, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada; Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Caseiro C, Dias JNR, de Andrade Fontes CMG, Bule P. From Cancer Therapy to Winemaking: The Molecular Structure and Applications of β-Glucans and β-1, 3-Glucanases. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063156. [PMID: 35328577 PMCID: PMC8949617 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
β-glucans are a diverse group of polysaccharides composed of β-1,3 or β-(1,3-1,4) linked glucose monomers. They are mainly synthesized by fungi, plants, seaweed and bacteria, where they carry out structural, protective and energy storage roles. Because of their unique physicochemical properties, they have important applications in several industrial, biomedical and biotechnological processes. β-glucans are also major bioactive molecules with marked immunomodulatory and metabolic properties. As such, they have been the focus of many studies attesting to their ability to, among other roles, fight cancer, reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases and control diabetes. The physicochemical and functional profiles of β-glucans are deeply influenced by their molecular structure. This structure governs β-glucan interaction with multiple β-glucan binding proteins, triggering myriad biological responses. It is then imperative to understand the structural properties of β-glucans to fully reveal their biological roles and potential applications. The deconstruction of β-glucans is a result of β-glucanase activity. In addition to being invaluable tools for the study of β-glucans, these enzymes have applications in numerous biotechnological and industrial processes, both alone and in conjunction with their natural substrates. Here, we review potential applications for β-glucans and β-glucanases, and explore how their functionalities are dictated by their structure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Caseiro
- CIISA—Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal; (C.C.); (J.N.R.D.)
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Joana Nunes Ribeiro Dias
- CIISA—Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal; (C.C.); (J.N.R.D.)
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | - Pedro Bule
- CIISA—Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal; (C.C.); (J.N.R.D.)
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Aljewicz M, Nalepa B, Ciesielski S. The influence of different types of ß-glucans on the gut microbiota of rats fed milk gels. J Funct Foods 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
|
12
|
Stafeev I, Boldyreva M, Michurina S, Mamontova E, Ratner E, Menshikov M, Parfyonova Y. Grain-Based Dietary Background Impairs Restoration of Blood Flow and Skeletal Muscle During Hindlimb Ischemia in Comparison With Low-Fat and High-Fat Diets. Front Nutr 2022; 8:809732. [PMID: 35083264 PMCID: PMC8784406 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.809732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Among vascular pathologies associated with obesity, peripheral artery disease (PAD) occupies the important position. In clinical practice, nutritional interventions are recommended for patients with PAD. In this work, we investigated how the different dietary backgrounds affect the regeneration rate of ischemic hindlimb in mice. Methods: Male C57BL/6J mice were housed on three types of diet: low-fat (LFD), high-fat (HFD), and grain-based diet (GBD) for 13 weeks. Metabolic parameters including FBG level, ITT, and GTT were evaluated. The blood flow was assessed by laser Doppler scanning on 7, 14, and 21 days after hindlimb ischemia. Necrotic area of m.tibialis, macrophage infiltration, and angiogenesis/arteriogenesis were evaluated by histology. Glucose uptake in recovered skeletal muscle was analyzed using [3H]-2-deoxyglucose, and GLUT1 and GLUT4 expression were assessed by Western blotting. Results: In our work, we developed three experimental groups with different metabolic parameters: LFD with normal glucose metabolism, GBD with mild hyperglycemia, and HFD with impaired glucose tolerance. GBD-fed mice had a tendency to increase necrosis of m. tibialis and significantly higher macrophage infiltration than LFD and HFD groups. Moreover, GBD-fed mice had a trend to decreased blood flow recovery and significantly impaired arteriogenesis. Recovered skeletal muscle of GBD-fed mice had lower glucose uptake and decreased level of GLUT4 expression. Conclusion: Thus, we conclude that dietary background and metabolic status determine the rate of post-ischemic regeneration including angiogenesis, skeletal muscle recovery and metabolic activity. The most effective regeneration is supported by LFD, while the lowest rate of regeneration occurs on GBD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iurii Stafeev
- National Medical Research Center for Cardiology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Maria Boldyreva
- National Medical Research Center for Cardiology, Moscow, Russia.,Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia
| | - Svetlana Michurina
- National Medical Research Center for Cardiology, Moscow, Russia.,Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Elizaveta Mamontova
- National Medical Research Center for Cardiology, Moscow, Russia.,Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | | | | | - Yelena Parfyonova
- National Medical Research Center for Cardiology, Moscow, Russia.,Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Ren G, Fan X, Teng C, Li Y, Everaert N, Blecker C. The Beneficial Effect of Coarse Cereals on Chronic Diseases through Regulating Gut Microbiota. Foods 2021; 10:foods10112891. [PMID: 34829172 PMCID: PMC8620804 DOI: 10.3390/foods10112891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, chronic diseases including obesity, diabetes, cancer, cardiovascular, and neurodegenerative disorders have been the leading causes of incapacity and death globally. Increasing evidence suggests that improvements of lifestyle habits and diet is the most commonly adopted strategy for the prevention of chronic disorders. Moreover, many dietary compounds have revealed health-promoting benefits beyond their nutritional effects. It is worth noting that diet plays an important role in shaping the intestinal microbiota. Coarse cereals constitute important sources of nutrients for the gut microbiota and contribute to a healthy gut microbiome. Furthermore, the gut microbiota converts coarse cereals into functional substances and mediates the interaction between the host and these components. In this study, we summarize the recent findings concerning functional components of cereal grains and their potential chemopreventive activity via modulating the gut microbiota.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guixing Ren
- College of Pharmacy and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, No. 1 Shilling Road, Chenglo Avenue, Longquan District, Chengdu 610106, China;
- Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 80 South Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China; (X.F.); (C.T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-10-6211-5596; Fax: +86-10-6215-6596
| | - Xin Fan
- Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 80 South Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China; (X.F.); (C.T.)
- Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium; (N.E.); (C.B.)
| | - Cong Teng
- Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 80 South Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China; (X.F.); (C.T.)
| | - Yajie Li
- College of Pharmacy and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, No. 1 Shilling Road, Chenglo Avenue, Longquan District, Chengdu 610106, China;
| | - Nadia Everaert
- Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium; (N.E.); (C.B.)
| | - Christophe Blecker
- Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium; (N.E.); (C.B.)
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Paudel D, Dhungana B, Caffe M, Krishnan P. A Review of Health-Beneficial Properties of Oats. Foods 2021; 10:foods10112591. [PMID: 34828872 PMCID: PMC8625765 DOI: 10.3390/foods10112591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Oat is among the food crops and ancient grains cultivated and consumed worldwide. It is gaining in popularity owing to its nutritional composition and multifunctional benefits of select bioactive compounds. Beta-glucan is an important component of dietary fiber found in oat grains. It is the major active compound in oats with proven cholesterol-lowering and antidiabetic effects. Oats also provide substantial levels of other bioactive compounds such as phenolic acids, tocols, sterols, avenacosides, and avenanthramides. The consumption of oats has been determined to be beneficial for human health by promoting immunomodulation and improving gut microbiota. In addition, oat consumption assists in preventing diseases such as atherosclerosis, dermatitis, and some forms of cancer. While much has been published in relation to oat nutrients and oat fibers and their impact on major diseases, the oat industries and consumers may benefit from greater knowledge and understanding of clinical effects, range of occurrence, distribution, therapeutic doses and food functional attributes of other oat bioactives such as avenanthramides and saponins as well as other anti-inflammatory agents found in the cereal. This review focuses on the various studies relevant to the contribution of the consumption of oats and oat-based products in preventing human diseases and promoting human health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Devendra Paudel
- Dairy and Food Science Department, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA;
| | - Bandana Dhungana
- Department of Agronomy, Horticulture and Plant Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA; (B.D.); (M.C.)
| | - Melanie Caffe
- Department of Agronomy, Horticulture and Plant Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA; (B.D.); (M.C.)
| | - Padmanaban Krishnan
- Dairy and Food Science Department, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA;
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Beneficial effects of a combination of Clostridium cochlearium and Lactobacillus acidophilus on body weight gain, insulin sensitivity, and gut microbiota in high-fat diet-induced obese mice. Nutrition 2021; 93:111439. [PMID: 34507264 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2021.111439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Species Lactobacillus acidophilus and butyrate producer Clostridium cochlearium have been shown to have potential antiobesity effects. The aim of this study was to show that the combination of C. cochlearium and L. acidophilus (CC-LA) has beneficial effects on body weight control and glucose homeostasis in high-fat diet-induced obese (DIO) mice. METHODS In this study, thirty-six 6-wk-old male C57BL/6 mice were randomly assigned to three groups of 12 mice each. The experimental group (CC-LA) was administered with CC-LA mixture and fed ad libitum with a high-fat diet. High-fat diet (HF) control and low-fat diet (LF) control groups were treated with the same dose of sterile water as the CC-LA group. RESULTS After 17 wk of dietary intervention, the CC-LA group showed 17% less body weight gain than the HF group did (P < 0.01). The CC-LA group also showed significantly reduced incremental area under the curve of oral glucose tolerance test and homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance compared with the HF group. The results from 16S rRNA sequencing analysis of gut microbiota showed that the CC-LA administration led to overall increased α-diversity indices, and a significant microbial separation from the HF group. The ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes (F/B) was reduced from 3.30 in the HF group to 1.94 in the CC-LA group. The relative abundances of certain obesity-related taxa were also decreased by CC-LA administration. CONCLUSION The present study provided evidence that the CC-LA combination reduced obesity and improved glucose metabolism in high-fat diet-treated DIO mice, potentially mediated by the modulation of gut microbiota.
Collapse
|
16
|
Kundi ZM, Lee JCY, Pihlajamäki J, Chan CB, Leung KS, So SSY, Nordlund E, Kolehmainen M, El-Nezami H. Dietary Fiber from Oat and Rye Brans Ameliorate Western Diet-Induced Body Weight Gain and Hepatic Inflammation by the Modulation of Short-Chain Fatty Acids, Bile Acids, and Tryptophan Metabolism. Mol Nutr Food Res 2021; 65:e1900580. [PMID: 32526796 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201900580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
SCOPE Dietary fiber (DF) induces changes in gut microbiota function and thus modulates the gut environment. How this modulation is associated with metabolic pathways related to the gut is largely unclear. This study aims to investigate differences in metabolites produced by the gut microbiota and their interactions with host metabolism in response to supplementation with two bran fibers. METHODS AND RESULTS Male C57BL/6N mice are fed a western diet (WD) for 17 weeks. Two groups of mice received a diet enriched with 10% w/w of either oat or rye bran, with each bran containing 50% DF. Microbial metabolites are assessed by measuring cecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), ileal and fecal bile acids (BAs), and the expression of genes related to tryptophan (TRP) metabolism. Both brans lowered body weight gain and ameliorated WD-induced impaired glucose responses, hepatic inflammation, liver enzymes, and gut integrity markers associated with SCFA production, altered BA metabolism, and TRP diversion from the serotonin synthesis pathway to microbial indole production. CONCLUSIONS Both brans develop a favorable environment in the gut by altering the composition of microbes and modulating produced metabolites. Changes induced in the gut environment by a fiber-enriched diet may explain the amelioration of metabolic disturbances related to WD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zuzanna Maria Kundi
- School of Biological Sciences Kadoorie Building, Pokfulam, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jetty Chung-Yung Lee
- School of Biological Sciences Kadoorie Building, Pokfulam, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jussi Pihlajamäki
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of East Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Clinical Nutrition and Obesity Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Chi Bun Chan
- School of Biological Sciences Kadoorie Building, Pokfulam, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kin Sum Leung
- School of Biological Sciences Kadoorie Building, Pokfulam, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Stephanie Sik Yu So
- School of Biological Sciences Kadoorie Building, Pokfulam, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Emilia Nordlund
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd, Espoo, Finland
| | - Marjukka Kolehmainen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of East Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Hani El-Nezami
- School of Biological Sciences Kadoorie Building, Pokfulam, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Murphy EJ, Rezoagli E, Major I, Rowan NJ, Laffey JG. β-Glucan Metabolic and Immunomodulatory Properties and Potential for Clinical Application. J Fungi (Basel) 2020; 6:E356. [PMID: 33322069 PMCID: PMC7770584 DOI: 10.3390/jof6040356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
β-glucans are complex polysaccharides that are found in several plants and foods, including mushrooms. β-glucans display an array of potentially therapeutic properties. β-glucans have metabolic and gastro-intestinal effects, modulating the gut microbiome, altering lipid and glucose metabolism, reducing cholesterol, leading to their investigation as potential therapies for metabolic syndrome, obesity and diet regulation, gastrointestinal conditions such as irritable bowel, and to reduce cardiovascular and diabetes risk. β-glucans also have immune-modulating effects, leading to their investigation as adjuvant agents for cancers (solid and haematological malignancies), for immune-mediated conditions (e.g., allergic rhinitis, respiratory infections), and to enhance wound healing. The therapeutic potential of β-glucans is evidenced by the fact that two glucan isolates were licensed as drugs in Japan as immune-adjuvant therapy for cancer in 1980. Significant challenges exist to further clinical testing and translation of β-glucans. The diverse range of conditions for which β-glucans are in clinical testing underlines the incomplete understanding of the diverse mechanisms of action of β-glucans, a key knowledge gap. Furthermore, important differences appear to exist in the effects of apparently similar β-glucan preparations, which may be due to differences in sources and extraction procedures, another poorly understood issue. This review will describe the biology, potential mechanisms of action and key therapeutic targets being investigated in clinical trials of β-glucans and identify and discuss the key challenges to successful translation of this intriguing potential therapeutic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emma J. Murphy
- Bioscience Research Institute, Athlone Institute of Technology, N37 HD68 Athlone, Ireland; (E.J.M.); (E.R.); (N.J.R.)
| | - Emanuele Rezoagli
- Bioscience Research Institute, Athlone Institute of Technology, N37 HD68 Athlone, Ireland; (E.J.M.); (E.R.); (N.J.R.)
- Lung Biology Group, Regenerative Medicine Institute at CURAM Centre for Medical Devices, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway, H91 CF50 Galway, Ireland
- Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Galway, H91 YR71 Galway, Ireland
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Ian Major
- Materials Research Institute, Athlone Institute of Technology, N37 HD68 Athlone, Ireland;
| | - Neil J. Rowan
- Bioscience Research Institute, Athlone Institute of Technology, N37 HD68 Athlone, Ireland; (E.J.M.); (E.R.); (N.J.R.)
| | - John G. Laffey
- Lung Biology Group, Regenerative Medicine Institute at CURAM Centre for Medical Devices, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway, H91 CF50 Galway, Ireland
- Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Galway, H91 YR71 Galway, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Samanta S. Potential Impacts of Prebiotics and Probiotics in Cancer Prevention. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2020; 22:605-628. [PMID: 33305713 DOI: 10.2174/1871520621999201210220442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer is a serious problem throughout the world. The pathophysiology of cancer is multifactorial and is also related to gut microbiota. Intestinal microbes are the useful resident of the healthy human. They play various aspects of human health including nutritional biotransformation, flushing of the pathogens, toxin neutralization, immune response, and onco-suppression. Disruption in the interactions among the gut microbiota, intestinal epithelium, and the host immune system are associated with gastrointestinal disorders, neurodegenerative diseases, metabolic syndrome, and cancer. Probiotic bacteria (Lactobacillus spp., Bifidobacterium spp.) have been regarded as beneficial to health and shown to play a significant role in immunomodulation and displayed preventive role against obesity, diabetes, liver disease, inflammatory bowel disease, tumor progression, and cancer. OBJECTIVE The involvement of gut microorganisms in cancer development and prevention has been recognized as a balancing factor. The events of dysbiosis emphasize metabolic disorder and carcinogenesis. The gut flora potentiates immunomodulation and minimizes the limitations of usual chemotherapy. The significant role of prebiotics and probiotics on the improvement of immunomodulation and antitumor properties has been considered. METHODS I had reviewed the literature on the multidimensional activities of prebiotics and probiotics from the NCBI website database PubMed, Springer Nature, Science Direct (Elsevier), Google Scholar database to search relevant articles. Specifically, I had focused on the role of prebiotics and probiotics in immunomodulation and cancer prevention. RESULTS Prebiotics are the nondigestible fermentable sugars that selectively influence the growth of probiotic organisms that exert immunomodulation over the cancerous growth. The oncostatic properties of bacteria are mediated through the recruitment of cytotoxic T cells, natural killer cells, and oxidative stress-induced apoptosis in the tumor microenvironment. Moreover, approaches have also been taken to use probiotics as an adjuvant in cancer therapy. CONCLUSION The present review has indicated that dysbiosis is the crucial factor in many pathological situations including cancer. Applications of prebiotics and probiotics exhibit the immune-surveillance as oncostatic effects. These events increase the possibilities of new therapeutic strategies for cancer prevention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saptadip Samanta
- Department of Physiology, Midnapore College, Midnapore, Paschim Medinipur, 721101, West Bengal,. India
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Zhao M, Zhang H, Wang J, Shan D, Xu Q. Serum metabolomics analysis of the intervention effect of whole grain oats on insulin resistance induced by high-fat diet in rats. Food Res Int 2020; 135:109297. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
|
20
|
Optimizing the Processing Factor and Formulation of Oat-Based Cookie Dough for Enhancement in Stickiness and Moisture Content Using Response Surface Methodology and Superimposition. Processes (Basel) 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/pr8070797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the utilization of dusting flour and oil to reduce dough stickiness during the production process in food industry, they do not effectively help in eliminating the problem. Stickiness remains the bane of the production of bakery and confectionery products, including cookies. In addition, the high moisture content of cookie dough is unduly important to obtain a high breaking and compression strengths (cookies with high breaking tolerance). This study was conducted in light of insufficient research hitherto undertaken on the utilization of response surface methodology and superimposition to enhance the stickiness and moisture content of quick oat-based cookie dough. The study aims at optimizating, validating and superimposing the best combination of factors, to produce the lowest stickiness and highest moisture content in cookie dough. In addition, the effect of flour content and resting time on the stickiness and moisture content of cookie dough was also investigated, and microstructure analysis conducted. The central composite design (CCD) technique was employed and 39 runs were generated by CCD based on two factors with five levels, which comprised flour content (50, 55, 60, 65, and 70%), resting time (10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 min) and three replications. Results from ANOVA showed that all factors were statistically significant at p < 0.05. Flour content between 56% and 62%, and resting time within 27 and 50 min, resulted in dough with high stickiness. High-region moisture content was observed for flour content between 60% and 70%, and within 10 and 15 min of resting time. The optimized values for flour content (V1) = 67% and resting time (V2) = 10 min. The predicted model (regression coefficient model) was found to be accurate in predicting the optimum value of factors. The experimental validation showed the average relative deviation for stickiness and moisture content was 8.54% and 1.44%, respectively. The superimposition of the contour plots was successfully developed to identify the optimum region for the lowest stickiness and highest moisture content which were at 67–70% flour content and 10–15 min resting time.
Collapse
|
21
|
Li Y, Liu M, Liu H, Wei X, Su X, Li M, Yuan J. Oral Supplements of Combined Bacillus licheniformis Zhengchangsheng® and Xylooligosaccharides Improve High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity and Modulate the Gut Microbiota in Rats. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:9067821. [PMID: 32509874 PMCID: PMC7251432 DOI: 10.1155/2020/9067821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Gut dysbiosis induced by high-fat diet (HFD) may result in low-grade inflammation leading to diverse inflammatory diseases. The beneficial effects of probiotics and prebiotics on obesity have been reported previously. However, their benefits in promoting human health and the underlying mechanisms still need to be further characterized. This study is aimed at understanding how probiotic Bacillus licheniformis Zhengchangsheng® (BL) and prebiotic xylooligosaccharides (XOS) influence the health of a rat model with HF (60 kcal %) diet-induced obesity. Five groups of male Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were fed a normal fat diet (CON) or an HFD with or without BL and XOS supplementation for 3 weeks. Lipid profiles, inflammatory biomarkers, and microbiota composition were analyzed at the end of the experiment. Rats fed an HFD exhibited increased body weight and disordered lipid metabolism. In contrast, combined BL and XOS supplementation inhibited body weight gain and returned lipid metabolism to normal. Furthermore, BL and XOS administration changed the gut microbiota composition and modulated specific bacteria such as Prevotellaceae, Desulfovibrionaceae, and Ruminococcaceae. In addition, supplements of combined BL and XOS obviously reduced the serum LPS level, which was significantly related to microbial variations. Our findings suggest that modulation of the gut microbiota as a result of probiotic BL and prebiotic XOS supplementation has a positive effect on HFD-induced obesity in rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuyuan Li
- Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Man Liu
- Department of Microecology, College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - He Liu
- Department of Microecology, College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xiaoqing Wei
- The Core Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology of Liaoning Province, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xianying Su
- Research Institute of Northeastern Pharmaceutical Group (NEPG), Shenyang, China
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Microecology, College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jieli Yuan
- Department of Microecology, College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Hu F, Niu Y, Xu X, Hu Q, Su Q, Zhang H. Resistant dextrin improves high-fat-high-fructose diet induced insulin resistance. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2020; 17:36. [PMID: 32467715 PMCID: PMC7227367 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-020-00450-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Insulin resistance is an important defect associated with obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Many studies have been reported that dietary fiber exerts beneficial metabolic effects. Resistant dextrin is a soluble fiber. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of resistant dextrin on high-fat-high-fructose diet induced obese mice and to explore the underlying mechanisms. Methods Seventeen 4-week-old male C57BL/6 J mice were fed a normal diet (ND) or HFHFD for 22 weeks, and were gavaged with resistant dextrin (5 g/kg) for 10 weeks. Glucose tolerance test (GTT) and insulin tolerance test (ITT) were performed, serum fasting insulin (FINS) and serum biochemical parameters were determined, the contents of triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol (TC) in liver tissues were determined by enzymatic method. The pathological changes in liver were detected by HE staining. Real time PCR and Western blot were used to detect the expression of insulin signaling pathway and the fatty acid β oxidation pathway related genes and proteins respectively. The gut microbiota were analyzed via 16 s rRNA sequencing. Results Resistant dextrin significantly decreased serum FINS, improved serum lipid profiles, reduced the contents of liver TG and TC. The insulin signaling pathway and the fatty acid β oxidation pathway were promoted. The abundance of metabolically beneficial bacteria such as Prevotella and Akkermansia in the intestinal flora of the resistant dextrin group were increased. Conclusions Resistant dextrin can significantly ameliorate liver insulin resistance, improve serum lipid levels, as well as reduce hepatic lipid deposition. The modulation of gut microbiota might be responsible for the beneficial effects of resistant dextrin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fan Hu
- Department of Endocrinology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yixin Niu
- Department of Endocrinology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiuyue Hu
- Department of Endocrinology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing Su
- Department of Endocrinology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongmei Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Liu K, Zhang Y, Li Q, Li H, Long D, Yan S, Huang W, Long R, Huang X. Ethnic Differences Shape the Alpha but Not Beta Diversity of Gut Microbiota from School Children in the Absence of Environmental Differences. Microorganisms 2020; 8:E254. [PMID: 32075068 PMCID: PMC7074779 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8020254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the human gut microbiome is shaped by factors such as diet, environment, and genetic background, most studies investigating the relationship between ethnicity and microbiota have compared groups living in separate geographical locations. To isolate the effects of ethnicity on microbial diversity by minimizing environmental differences, we selected 143 school children from Han, Tibetan, and Hui populations from the same town on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau for fecal microbiome 16S rDNA sequencing. We characterized the diversity, identified signature taxa, and performed correlation analysis between diet and community composition. Firmicutes (47.61%) and Bacteroidetes (38.05%) were dominant phyla among the three ethnic groups; seven genera showed significant differences in relative abundance. Tibetan populations had a higher relative abundance of Oscillibacter and Barnesiella, compared with Han and Hui populations. Alpha diversity analyses (observed species, ACE, and Shannon indices) showed that the Tibetan population had the highest diversity compared to the Hui and Han groups, whereas beta diversity analysis revealed no significant differences between groups. The consumption of grains, milk, eggs, and fruits were positively correlated with specific taxa. Under similar environments and diet, ethnic background significantly contributed to differences in alpha diversity but not beta diversity of gut microbiota.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ke Liu
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, No. 222 TianshuiNanlu, Lanzhou 730000, China; (K.L.); (Y.Z.); (Q.L.); (H.L.); (D.L.); (S.Y.)
| | - Yongling Zhang
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, No. 222 TianshuiNanlu, Lanzhou 730000, China; (K.L.); (Y.Z.); (Q.L.); (H.L.); (D.L.); (S.Y.)
| | - Qinglin Li
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, No. 222 TianshuiNanlu, Lanzhou 730000, China; (K.L.); (Y.Z.); (Q.L.); (H.L.); (D.L.); (S.Y.)
| | - Huan Li
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, No. 222 TianshuiNanlu, Lanzhou 730000, China; (K.L.); (Y.Z.); (Q.L.); (H.L.); (D.L.); (S.Y.)
| | - Danfeng Long
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, No. 222 TianshuiNanlu, Lanzhou 730000, China; (K.L.); (Y.Z.); (Q.L.); (H.L.); (D.L.); (S.Y.)
| | - Shijuan Yan
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, No. 222 TianshuiNanlu, Lanzhou 730000, China; (K.L.); (Y.Z.); (Q.L.); (H.L.); (D.L.); (S.Y.)
- Agro-biological Gene Research Center, Guangzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tianhe Distinct, Guangzhou 510640, China;
| | - Wenjie Huang
- Agro-biological Gene Research Center, Guangzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tianhe Distinct, Guangzhou 510640, China;
| | - Ruijun Long
- School of Life Science, Lanzhou University, No. 222 TianshuiNanlu, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xiaodan Huang
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, No. 222 TianshuiNanlu, Lanzhou 730000, China; (K.L.); (Y.Z.); (Q.L.); (H.L.); (D.L.); (S.Y.)
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Luo J, Chai Y, Zhao M, Guo Q, Bao Y. Hypoglycemic effects and modulation of gut microbiota of diabetic mice by saponin fromPolygonatum sibiricum. Food Funct 2020; 11:4327-4338. [DOI: 10.1039/d0fo00428f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Polygonatum sibiricumis a medicinal and homologous plant grown in China. The saponin inPolygonatum sibiricumhas shown its good hypoglycemic performance, and it can be developed as functional foods and drugs with hypoglycemic effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiayuan Luo
- School of Forestry
- Northeast Forestry University
- Harbin 150040
- PR China
| | - Yangyang Chai
- School of Forestry
- Northeast Forestry University
- Harbin 150040
- PR China
- Key Laboratory of Forest Food Resources Utilization of Heilongjiang Province
| | - Min Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Forest Food Resources Utilization of Heilongjiang Province
- Harbin 150040
- PR China
- College of Life Sciences
- Northeast Forestry University
| | - Qingqi Guo
- School of Forestry
- Northeast Forestry University
- Harbin 150040
- PR China
- Key Laboratory of Forest Food Resources Utilization of Heilongjiang Province
| | - Yihong Bao
- School of Forestry
- Northeast Forestry University
- Harbin 150040
- PR China
- Key Laboratory of Forest Food Resources Utilization of Heilongjiang Province
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Liu J, Li Y, Xue L, Fan M, Nie C, Wang Y, Zhang H, Qian H, Wang L. Circulating miR-27a-3p as a candidate for a biomarker of whole grain diets for lipid metabolism. Food Funct 2020; 11:8852-8865. [DOI: 10.1039/d0fo00830c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Circulating miR-27a-3p was involved in the process of lipid synthesis under the dietary patterns of whole grain diets, and the expression of miR-27a-3p was decreased in serum, while it was elevated both in liver and ileum.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinxin Liu
- School of Food Science and Technology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi 214122
- China
| | - Yan Li
- School of Food Science and Technology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi 214122
- China
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
| | - Lamei Xue
- School of Food Science and Technology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi 214122
- China
| | - Mingcong Fan
- School of Food Science and Technology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi 214122
- China
| | - Chenzhipeng Nie
- School of Food Science and Technology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi 214122
- China
| | - Yu Wang
- School of Food Science and Technology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi 214122
- China
| | - Hui Zhang
- School of Food Science and Technology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi 214122
- China
| | - Haifeng Qian
- School of Food Science and Technology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi 214122
- China
| | - Li Wang
- School of Food Science and Technology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi 214122
- China
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Nyman M, Nguyen TD, Wikman O, Hjortswang H, Hallert C. Oat Bran Increased Fecal Butyrate and Prevented Gastrointestinal Symptoms in Patients With Quiescent Ulcerative Colitis-Randomized Controlled Trial. CROHN'S & COLITIS 360 2020; 2:otaa005. [PMID: 36777965 PMCID: PMC9802401 DOI: 10.1093/crocol/otaa005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Oat bran specifically increases colon butyrate concentrations and could therefore affect the progress of the disease in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC). Methods Patients with UC in remission were enrolled in a controlled multicenter study and randomized to eat oat bran or low-fiber wheat products. Results Ninety-four of the enrolled patients (n = 47 for both groups) completed the 24-week study. The oat bran group had significantly (P < 0.05) higher fecal butyrate concentrations and lower serum LDL levels, while deterioration of gastrointestinal symptoms was prevented, and subjective health maintained. The control diet significantly (P < 0.05) increased obstipation, reflux, and the symptom burden and had no effects on butyrate or LDL-cholesterol. The relapse rate was the same for both diets. Conclusions Oat bran was well tolerated when given to patients with quiescent UC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Margareta Nyman
- Department of Food Technology, Engineering and Nutrition, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Thao Duy Nguyen
- Department of Food Technology, Engineering and Nutrition, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Henrik Hjortswang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Claes Hallert
- Gastroenterology Unit at Norrköping Hospital, Norrköping, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Joyce SA, Kamil A, Fleige L, Gahan CGM. The Cholesterol-Lowering Effect of Oats and Oat Beta Glucan: Modes of Action and Potential Role of Bile Acids and the Microbiome. Front Nutr 2019; 6:171. [PMID: 31828074 PMCID: PMC6892284 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2019.00171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Consumption of sufficient quantities of oat products has been shown to reduce host cholesterol and thereby modulate cardiovascular disease risk. The effects are proposed to be mediated by the gel-forming properties of oat β-glucan which modulates host bile acid and cholesterol metabolism and potentially removes intestinal cholesterol for excretion. However, the gut microbiota has emerged as a major factor regulating cholesterol metabolism in the host. Oat β-glucan has been shown to modulate the gut microbiota, particularly those bacterial species that influence host bile acid metabolism and production of short chain fatty acids, factors which are regulators of host cholesterol homeostasis. Given a significant role for the gut microbiota in cholesterol metabolism it is likely that the effects of oat β-glucan on the host are multifaceted and involve regulation of microbe-host interactions at the gut interface. Here we consider the potential for oat β-glucan to influence microbial populations in the gut with potential consequences for bile acid metabolism, reverse cholesterol transport (RCT), short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production, bacterial metabolism of cholesterol and microbe-host signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susan A Joyce
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,School of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Alison Kamil
- Quaker Oats Center of Excellence, PepsiCo R&D Nutrition, Barrington, IL, United States
| | - Lisa Fleige
- Quaker Oats Center of Excellence, PepsiCo R&D Nutrition, Barrington, IL, United States
| | - Cormac G M Gahan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Huang K, Yu W, Li S, Guan X, Liu J, Song H, Liu D, Duan R. Effect of embryo-remaining oat rice on the lipid profile and intestinal microbiota in high-fat diet fed rats. Food Res Int 2019; 129:108816. [PMID: 32036900 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2019.108816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Embryo-remaining oat rice (EROR), as a newly developed oat product, is popular in China for its good taste, but little is known about its healthy functions. In this study, the effects of EROR on lipid metabolism regulation were investigated in in vitro and in vivo models. The results showed that the oat ethanol extracts significantly alleviated lipid accumulation, total cholesterol and triglyceride levels in HepG2 cells. EROR supplementation dramatically improved the lipid profile in the serum and liver and downregulated the expression levels of HMGCR, SREBP-1C and FAS, which are related to lipid metabolic disorder in high-fat diet (HFD) fed rats. A HFD decreases the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in the cecum, which are related to intestinal microbiota dysbiosis. The intake of EROR significantly increased the total SCFAs, acetate and propionate and promoted the abundance of SCFA-producing bacteria. Furthermore, the intake of EROR led to abundant increases in Bifidobacterium and Akkermansia and decreases of Rombutsia, Fusicatenibacter, Holdemanella and Turicibacter, which were negatively and positively correlated with the lipid metabolism-related indices. These results provide evidence that EROR is a good functional food candidate to ameliorate lipid metabolic disorder and hyperlipidemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Huang
- School of Medical Instruments and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Wenwen Yu
- School of Medical Instruments and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Sen Li
- School of Medical Instruments and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Xiao Guan
- School of Medical Instruments and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, PR China.
| | - Jing Liu
- College of Information Engineering, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai 200135, PR China
| | - Hongdong Song
- School of Medical Instruments and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Dandan Liu
- School of Medical Instruments and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Ruiqian Duan
- School of Medical Instruments and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Grases-Pintó B, Abril-Gil M, Castell M, Rodríguez-Lagunas MJ, Burleigh S, Fåk Hållenius F, Prykhodko O, Pérez-Cano FJ, Franch À. Influence of Leptin and Adiponectin Supplementation on Intraepithelial Lymphocyte and Microbiota Composition in Suckling Rats. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2369. [PMID: 31708912 PMCID: PMC6795087 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary components in early life play a role in both microbiota and intestinal immune system maturation in mammalian species. Adipokines, as endogenously produced hormones from breast milk, may have an impact on this process. The aim of the present study was to establish the influence of leptin and adiponectin supplementation during suckling on the intraepithelial lymphocyte composition, intestinal barrier function, intestinal gene expression, and gut microbiota in rat. For this purpose, newborn Wistar rats were supplemented daily with leptin, adiponectin, or whey protein concentrate during the first 21 days of life. Lymphocyte composition was established by immunofluorescence staining and flow cytometry analysis; intestinal gene expression by real-time PCR and cecal microbiota were analyzed through 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Although leptin and adiponectin were able to increase the Tc TCRαβ+ and NKT cell proportion, they decreased the NK cell percentage in IEL. Moreover, adipokine supplementation differentially modified CD8+ IEL. While the supplementation of leptin increased the proportion of CD8αα+ IEL (associated to a more intestinal phenotype), adiponectin enhanced that of CD8αβ+ (related to a peripheral phenotype). Furthermore, both adipokines enhanced the gene expression of TNF-α, MUC-2, and MUC-3, and decreased that of FcRn. In addition, the adipokine supplementations decreased the abundance of the Proteobacteria phylum and the presence of Blautia. Moreover, leptin-supplemented animals had lower relative abundance of Sutterella and a higher proportion of Clostridium genus, among others. However, supplementation with adiponectin resulted in lower abundance of the Roseburia genus and a higher proportion of the Enterococcus genus. In conclusion, the supplementation with leptin and adiponectin throughout the suckling period had an impact on both the IEL composition and the gut microbiota pattern, suggesting a modulatory role of these adipokines on the development of intestinal functionality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Blanca Grases-Pintó
- Physiology Section, Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Science, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Research Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety of the University of Barcelona (INSA-UB), Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain
| | - Mar Abril-Gil
- Physiology Section, Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Science, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Research Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety of the University of Barcelona (INSA-UB), Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain
| | - Margarida Castell
- Physiology Section, Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Science, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Research Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety of the University of Barcelona (INSA-UB), Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain
| | - Maria J Rodríguez-Lagunas
- Physiology Section, Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Science, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Research Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety of the University of Barcelona (INSA-UB), Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain
| | - Stephen Burleigh
- Food for Health Science Centre, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Department of Food Technology, Engineering and Nutrition, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Frida Fåk Hållenius
- Food for Health Science Centre, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Department of Food Technology, Engineering and Nutrition, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Olena Prykhodko
- Food for Health Science Centre, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Department of Food Technology, Engineering and Nutrition, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Francisco J Pérez-Cano
- Physiology Section, Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Science, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Research Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety of the University of Barcelona (INSA-UB), Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain
| | - Àngels Franch
- Physiology Section, Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Science, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Research Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety of the University of Barcelona (INSA-UB), Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Inulin Can Alleviate Metabolism Disorders in ob/ob Mice by Partially Restoring Leptin-related Pathways Mediated by Gut Microbiota. GENOMICS PROTEOMICS & BIOINFORMATICS 2019; 17:64-75. [PMID: 31026583 PMCID: PMC6520907 DOI: 10.1016/j.gpb.2019.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Inulin has been used as a prebiotic to alleviate glucose and lipid metabolism disorders in mice and humans by modulating the gut microbiota. However, the mechanism underlying the alleviation of metabolic disorders by inulin through interactions between the gut microbiota and host cells is unclear. We use ob/ob mice as a model to study the effect of inulin on the cecal microbiota by 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing and its interaction with host cells by transcriptomics. The inulin-supplemented diet improved glucose and lipid metabolism disorder parameters in ob/ob mice, alleviating fat accumulation and glucose intolerance. The α diversity of gut microbial community of ob/ob mice was reduced after inulin treatment, while the β diversity tended to return to the level of wild type mice. Interestingly, Prevotellaceae UCG 001 (family Prevotellaceae) was obviously enriched after inulin treatment. A comparative analysis of the gene expression profile showed that the cecal transcriptome was changed in leptin gene deficiency mice, whereas the inulin-supplemented diet partially reversed the changes in leptin gene-related signaling pathways, especially AMPK signaling pathway, where the levels of gene expression became comparable to those in wild type mice. Further analysis indicated that Prevotellaceae UCG 001 was positively correlated with the AMPK signaling pathway, which was negatively correlated with markers of glycolipid metabolism disorders. Our results suggest that the inulin-supplemented diet alleviates glucose and lipid metabolism disorders by partially restoring leptin related pathways mediated by gut microbiota.
Collapse
|
31
|
Coffee prevents fatty liver disease induced by a high-fat diet by modulating pathways of the gut-liver axis. J Nutr Sci 2019; 8:e15. [PMID: 31037218 PMCID: PMC6477661 DOI: 10.1017/jns.2019.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2018] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Coffee consumption is inversely associated with the risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). A gap in the literature still exists concerning the intestinal mechanisms that are involved in the protective effect of coffee consumption towards NAFLD. In this study, twenty-four C57BL/6J mice were divided into three groups each receiving a standard diet, a high-fat diet (HFD) or an HFD plus decaffeinated coffee (HFD+COFFEE) for 12 weeks. Coffee supplementation reduced HFD-induced liver macrovesicular steatosis (P < 0·01) and serum cholesterol (P < 0·001), alanine aminotransferase and glucose (P < 0·05). Accordingly, liver PPAR- α (P < 0·05) and acyl-CoA oxidase-1 (P < 0·05) as well as duodenal ATP-binding cassette (ABC) subfamily A1 (ABCA1) and subfamily G1 (ABCG1) (P < 0·05) mRNA expressions increased with coffee consumption. Compared with HFD animals, HFD+COFFEE mice had more undigested lipids in the caecal content and higher free fatty acid receptor-1 mRNA expression in the duodenum and colon. Furthermore, they showed an up-regulation of duodenal and colonic zonulin-1 (P < 0·05), duodenal claudin (P < 0·05) and duodenal peptide YY (P < 0·05) mRNA as well as a higher abundance of Alcaligenaceae in the faeces (P < 0·05). HFD+COFFEE mice had an energy intake comparable with HFD-fed mice but starting from the eighth intervention week they gained significantly less weight over time. Data altogether showed that coffee supplementation prevented HFD-induced NAFLD in mice by reducing hepatic fat deposition and metabolic derangement through modification of pathways underpinning liver fat oxidation, intestinal cholesterol efflux, energy metabolism and gut permeability. The hepatic and metabolic benefits induced by coffee were accompanied by changes in the gut microbiota.
Collapse
Key Words
- ABCA1, ATP-binding cassette subfamily A1
- ABCG1, ATP-binding cassette subfamily G1
- ACOX1, acyl-CoA oxidase 1
- ALT, alanine aminotransferase
- FFAR, free fatty acid receptor
- Gut microbiota
- Gut permeability
- HFD+COFFEE, HFD plus decaffeinated coffee
- HFD, high-fat diet
- LXR-α, liver X receptor-α
- Metabolic syndrome
- NAFLD, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
- Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis
- PYY, peptide YY
- Polyphenols
- SD, standard diet
- ZO-1, zonulin-1
Collapse
|
32
|
Han S, Zhang W, Zhang R, Jiao J, Fu C, Tong X, Zhang W, Qin L. Cereal fiber improves blood cholesterol profiles and modulates intestinal cholesterol metabolism in C57BL/6 mice fed a high-fat, high-cholesterol diet. Food Nutr Res 2019; 63:1591. [PMID: 30863273 PMCID: PMC6403461 DOI: 10.29219/fnr.v63.1591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 12/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Dietary intake of cereal fiber has been reported to benefit lipid metabolism through multiple mechanisms. The present study aimed to discover the potential mechanisms by which cereal fiber could modify the intestinal cholesterol metabolism. Design Male C57BL/6 mice were fed a reference chow (RC) diet; high-fat, high-cholesterol (HFC) diet; HFC plus oat fiber diet; or HFC plus wheat bran fiber diet for 24 weeks. Serum lipids were measured by enzymatic methods. Western blot was used to determine the protein expressions involved in intestinal cholesterol metabolism. Results Our results showed that HFC-induced elevations of serum triglycerides, total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol were normalized in both groups that received cereal fiber. At the protein level, compared with the HFC diet group, the two cereal fibers, especially the oat fiber, significantly increased the protein expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha, liver X receptor alpha, sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP) 2, low-density lipoprotein receptor, adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-binding cassette A1, and ATP-binding cassette G1, while decreasing the protein expression of Niemann-Pick C1-like protein 1, SREBP-1, fatty acid synthase, and acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase, which were involved in intestinal cholesterol metabolism. Conclusion Taken together, increased intake of cereal fiber improved blood cholesterol profiles and increased the intestinal cholesterol efflux and cholesterol clearance in C57BL/6 mice fed a HFC diet. Oat fiber had a stronger effect than wheat bran fiber on cholesterol metabolism by modulating the PPARα, LXRα, and SREBP signaling pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shufen Han
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Disease, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Disease, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Suzhou Maternal and Child Health Care and Family Planning Service Center, Suzhou, China
| | - Ru Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Disease, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jun Jiao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Disease, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Chunling Fu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Disease, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xing Tong
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Disease, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | | | - Liqiang Qin
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Disease, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Pre-diagnostic carbohydrate intake and treatment failure after radical prostatectomy for early-stage prostate cancer. Cancer Causes Control 2019; 30:271-279. [PMID: 30729360 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-019-1134-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE An association between dietary carbohydrate intake and prostate cancer (PCa) prognosis is biologically plausible, but data are scarce. This prospective cohort study examined the relation between pre-diagnostic carbohydrate intake and treatment failure following radical prostatectomy for clinically early-stage PCa. METHODS We identified 205 men awaiting radical prostatectomy and assessed their usual dietary intake of carbohydrates using the 110-item Block food frequency questionnaire. We also evaluated carbohydrate intake quality using a score based on the consumption of sugars relative to fiber, fat, and protein. Logistic regression analyzed their associations with the odds of treatment failure, defined as a detectable and rising serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) or receiving androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) within 2 years. RESULTS Sucrose consumption was associated with a higher odds and fiber consumption with a lower odds of ADT after accounting for age, race/ethnicity, body mass index, and tumor characteristics (odds ratio [OR] (95% confidence interval [CI]) 5.68 (1.71, 18.9) for 3rd vs. 1st sucrose tertile and 0.88 (0.81, 0.96) per gram of fiber/day, respectively). Increasing carbohydrate intake quality also associated with a lower odds of ADT (OR (95% CI) 0.78 (0.66, 0.92) per unit increase in score, range 0-12). CONCLUSIONS Pre-diagnostic dietary carbohydrate intake composition and quality influence the risk of primary treatment failure for early-stage PCa. Future studies incorporating molecular aspects of carbohydrate metabolism could clarify possible underlying mechanisms.
Collapse
|
34
|
Oat bran, but not its isolated bioactive β-glucans or polyphenols, have a bifidogenic effect in an in vitro fermentation model of the gut microbiota. Br J Nutr 2019; 121:549-559. [PMID: 30688188 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114518003501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Wholegrain oats are known to modulate the human gut microbiota and have prebiotic properties (increase the growth of some health-promoting bacterial genera within the colon). Research to date mainly attributes these effects to the fibre content; however, oat is also a rich dietary source of polyphenols, which may contribute to the positive modulation of gut microbiota. In vitro anaerobic batch-culture experiments were performed over 24 h to evaluate the impact of two different doses (1 and 3 % (w/v)) of oat bran, matched concentrations of β-glucan extract or polyphenol mix, on the human faecal microbiota composition using 16S RNA gene sequencing and SCFA analysis. Supplementation with oats increased the abundance of Proteobacteria (P <0·01) at 10 h, Bacteroidetes (P <0·05) at 24 h and concentrations of acetic and propionic acid increased at 10 and 24 h compared with the NC. Fermentation of the 1 % (w/v) oat bran resulted in significant increase in SCFA production at 24 h (86 (sd 27) v. 28 (sd 5) mm; P <0·05) and a bifidogenic effect, increasing the relative abundance of Bifidobacterium unassigned at 10 h and Bifidobacterium adolescentis (P <0·05) at 10 and 24 h compared with NC. Considering the β-glucan treatment induced an increase in the phylum Bacteroidetes at 24 h, it explains the Bacteriodetes effects of oats as a food matrix. The polyphenol mix induced an increase in Enterobacteriaceae family at 24 h. In conclusion, in this study, we found that oats increased bifidobacteria, acetic acid and propionic acid, and this is mediated by the synergy of all oat compounds within the complex food matrix, rather than its main bioactive β-glucan or polyphenols. Thus, oats as a whole food led to the greatest impact on the microbiota.
Collapse
|
35
|
Kristek A, Schär MY, Soycan G, Alsharif S, Kuhnle GGC, Walton G, Spencer JPE. The gut microbiota and cardiovascular health benefits: A focus on wholegrain oats. NUTR BULL 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/nbu.12354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Kristek
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences; University of Reading; Reading UK
| | - M. Y. Schär
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences; University of Reading; Reading UK
| | - G. Soycan
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences; University of Reading; Reading UK
| | - S. Alsharif
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences; University of Reading; Reading UK
| | - G. G. C. Kuhnle
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences; University of Reading; Reading UK
| | - G. Walton
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences; University of Reading; Reading UK
| | - J. P. E. Spencer
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences; University of Reading; Reading UK
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Li X, Fu B, Guo J, Ji K, Xu Y, Dahab MM, Zhang P. Bamboo shoot fiber improves insulin sensitivity in high-fat diet-fed mice. J Funct Foods 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2018.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
|
37
|
Wu W, Tang Y, Yang J, Idehen E, Sang S. Avenanthramide Aglycones and Glucosides in Oat Bran: Chemical Profile, Levels in Commercial Oat Products, and Cytotoxicity to Human Colon Cancer Cells. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:8005-8014. [PMID: 29985603 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b02767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Avenanthramides (AVAs), unique phytochemicals in oat, have attracted an increasing amount of attention due to their outstanding health benefits. However, the chemical profile and the levels of AVAs in commercial oat products as well as their health benefits have not been examined in detail. In the present study, a total of 29 AVA aglycones and AVA glucosides were identified and characterized from oat bran using NMR (1D and 2D NMR) and LC-MS techniques. Among them, 17 novel AVA glucosides were reported in oat bran for the first time. The most abundant AVA glucoside, 2c-3'- O-glc, had a similar growth inhibitory activity with the major AVA, 2c, against HCT-116 and HT-29 human colon cancer cells, indicating glucosylation does not affect the growth inhibitory effects of AVAs. Furthermore, the levels of all individual AVAs in 13 commercial oat products were analyzed using HPLC-MS/MS. The total AVAs contents in various oat products ranged from 9.22 to 61.77 mg/kg (fresh weight).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenbin Wu
- Laboratory for Functional Foods and Human Health, Center for Excellence in Post-Harvest Technologies , North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University , North Carolina Research Campus, 500 Laureate Way , Kannapolis , North Carolina 28081 , United States
| | - Yao Tang
- Laboratory for Functional Foods and Human Health, Center for Excellence in Post-Harvest Technologies , North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University , North Carolina Research Campus, 500 Laureate Way , Kannapolis , North Carolina 28081 , United States
| | - Junli Yang
- Laboratory for Functional Foods and Human Health, Center for Excellence in Post-Harvest Technologies , North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University , North Carolina Research Campus, 500 Laureate Way , Kannapolis , North Carolina 28081 , United States
| | - Emmanuel Idehen
- Laboratory for Functional Foods and Human Health, Center for Excellence in Post-Harvest Technologies , North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University , North Carolina Research Campus, 500 Laureate Way , Kannapolis , North Carolina 28081 , United States
| | - Shengmin Sang
- Laboratory for Functional Foods and Human Health, Center for Excellence in Post-Harvest Technologies , North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University , North Carolina Research Campus, 500 Laureate Way , Kannapolis , North Carolina 28081 , United States
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Han F, Wang Y, Han Y, Zhao J, Han F, Song G, Jiang P, Miao H. Effects of Whole-Grain Rice and Wheat on Composition of Gut Microbiota and Short-Chain Fatty Acids in Rats. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:6326-6335. [PMID: 29766722 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b01891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Diets rich in whole grain (WG) cereals bring lower disease risks compared with refined grain-based diets. We investigated the effects of polished rice (PR), refined wheat (RW), unpolished rice (UPR), and whole wheat (WW) on short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and gut microbiota in ileal, cecal, and colonic digesta of normal rats. Animals fed with UPR and WW diets exhibited higher total SCFA in cecal and colonic digesta compared with those fed with PR and RW diets. Wheat diets contributed higher total SCFA than rice diets. In cecal and colonic digesta, animals fed with UPR and WW diets demonstrated higher acetate and butyrate contents than those given PR and RW. Firmicutes were the dominant eumycota in rat ileum digesta (>92% abundance). Cecal and colonic digesta were dominated by Firmicutes, Verrucomicrobia, and Bacteroidetes. UPR and WW affected gut microbiota, decreasing the proportion of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes. SMB53, Lactobacillus, and Faecalibacterium were the main bacterial genera in ileal digesta. Akkermansia was highest in cecal and colonic digesta. In the colonic digesta of rats, the relative abundance of Akkermansia in rats on wheat diets was higher than that in rats on rice diets ( P < 0.05). Thus, UPR and WW could modulate gut microbiota composition and increase the SCFA concentration. Wheat diet was superior to rice diet in terms of intestinal microbiota adjustment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Han
- Academy of State Administration of Grain , Beijing 100037 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Wang
- Academy of State Administration of Grain , Beijing 100037 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yangyang Han
- Academy of State Administration of Grain , Beijing 100037 , People's Republic of China
- School of Food Science & Technology , Jiangnan University , Wuxi , Jiangsu 214122 , People's Republic of China
| | - Jianxin Zhao
- School of Food Science & Technology , Jiangnan University , Wuxi , Jiangsu 214122 , People's Republic of China
| | - Fenli Han
- Academy of State Administration of Grain , Beijing 100037 , People's Republic of China
- School of Food Science & Technology , Jiangnan University , Wuxi , Jiangsu 214122 , People's Republic of China
| | - Ge Song
- Academy of State Administration of Grain , Beijing 100037 , People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Jiang
- Academy of State Administration of Grain , Beijing 100037 , People's Republic of China
| | - Haijiang Miao
- Academy of State Administration of Grain , Beijing 100037 , People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Hypocholesterolaemic effect of whole-grain highland hull-less barley in rats fed a high-fat diet. Br J Nutr 2018; 119:1102-1110. [DOI: 10.1017/s0007114518000831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
AbstractWhole-grain highland hull-less barley (WHLB) contains high amounts of bioactive compounds that potentially exhibit cholesterol-lowering effects. This study investigated the hypocholesterolaemic effect of WHLB. A total of seventy-two male Sprague–Dawley rats were divided into four groups and were fed with the normal control diet, high-fat diet (HFD) and HFD containing low or high dose (10 or 48·95 %) of WHLB. High dose of WHLB significantly decreased the organ indexes of liver and abdominal fat and lipid levels of plasma and liver in HFD rats. The lipid regulation effect of WHLB, which was reconfirmed through hepatocyte morphologic observation, was accompanied by a large excretion of bile acids in the small intestinal contents and the faeces. Real-time PCR analyses, which were further reconfirmed through Western blot analyses, revealed that a high dose of WHLB significantly enhanced the hepatic expressions of AMP-activated protein kinase α, cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase, LDL receptor, liver X receptor, and PPARα and decreased the expression of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase. It also enhanced the ileal expression of farnesoid X receptor and resulted in the decrease of expression of apical sodium-dependent bile acid transporter. WHLB exhibited hypocholesterolaemic effects mainly by inhibiting cholesterol synthesis, cholesterol accumulation in peripheral tissue, and bile acid reabsorption and by stimulating bile acid synthesis.
Collapse
|
40
|
Hashemi Z, Fouhse J, Im HS, Chan CB, Willing BP. Dietary Pea Fiber Supplementation Improves Glycemia and Induces Changes in the Composition of Gut Microbiota, Serum Short Chain Fatty Acid Profile and Expression of Mucins in Glucose Intolerant Rats. Nutrients 2017; 9:E1236. [PMID: 29137145 PMCID: PMC5707708 DOI: 10.3390/nu9111236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Revised: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Several studies have demonstrated the beneficial impact of dried peas and their components on glucose tolerance; however, the role of gut microbiota as a potential mediator is not fully examined. In this study, we investigated the effect of dietary supplementation with raw and cooked pea seed coats (PSC) on glucose tolerance, microbial composition of the gut, select markers of intestinal barrier function, and short chain fatty acid profile in glucose intolerant rats. Male Sprague Dawley rats were fed high fat diet (HFD) for six weeks to induce glucose intolerance, followed by four weeks of feeding PSC-supplemented diets. Cooked PSC improved glucose tolerance by approximately 30% (p < 0.05), and raw and cooked PSC diets reduced insulin response by 53% and 56% respectively (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01), compared to HFD (containing cellulose as the source of dietary fiber). 16S rRNA gene sequencing on fecal samples showed a significant shift in the overall microbial composition of PSC groups when compared to HFD and low fat diet (LFD) controls. At the family level, PSC increased the abundance of Lachnospiraceae and Prevotellaceae (p < 0.001), and decreased Porphyromonadaceae (p < 0.01) compared with HFD. This was accompanied by increased mRNA expression of mucin genes Muc1, Muc2, and Muc4 in ileal epithelium (p < 0.05). Serum levels of acetate and propionate increased with raw PSC diet (p < 0.01). These results indicate that supplementation of HFD with PSC fractions can improve glycemia and may have a protective role against HFD-induced alterations in gut microbiota and mucus layer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zohre Hashemi
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada.
| | - Janelle Fouhse
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada.
| | - Hyun Seun Im
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada.
| | - Catherine B Chan
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada.
- Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada.
| | - Benjamin P Willing
- Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Gong L, Cao W, Chi H, Wang J, Zhang H, Liu J, Sun B. Whole cereal grains and potential health effects: Involvement of the gut microbiota. Food Res Int 2017; 103:84-102. [PMID: 29389647 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2017.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Revised: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The intakes of whole cereal grains (WCGs) have long been linked to decreased risks of metabolic syndromes (MetS) and several chronic diseases. Owing to the complex range of components of cereals, which may show synergistic activities to mediate these protective effects, the mechanisms by which the benefits of whole cereals arise are not fully understood. The gut microbiota has recently become a new focus of research at the intersection of diet and metabolic health. Moreover, cereals contain various ingredients known as microbiota-accessible substrates that resist digestion in the upper gastrointestinal tract, including resistant starch and non-starch polysaccharides such as β-glucan and arabinoxylans, making them an important fuel for the microbiota. Thus, WCGs may manipulate the ecophysiology of gut microbiota. In this review, the scientific evidence supporting the hypothesis that WCGs prevent MetS by modulating gut microbiota composition and functions are discussed, with focuses on cereal intake-related mechanisms by which gut microbiota contributes to human health and scientific evidences for the effects of WCGs on modulating gut microbiota. Once strong support for the association among WCGs, gut microbiota and host metabolic health can be demonstrated, particular cereals, their processing technologies, or cereal-based foods might be better utilized to prevent and possibly even treat metabolic disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lingxiao Gong
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health (BTBU), Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China
| | - Wenyan Cao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health (BTBU), Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China
| | - Hailin Chi
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health (BTBU), Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health (BTBU), Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China.
| | - Huijuan Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health (BTBU), Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health (BTBU), Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China
| | - Baoguo Sun
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health (BTBU), Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Hossain AKMM, Brennan MA, Mason SL, Guo X, Zeng XA, Brennan CS. The Effect of Astaxanthin-Rich Microalgae "Haematococcus pluvialis" and Wholemeal Flours Incorporation in Improving the Physical and Functional Properties of Cookies. Foods 2017; 6:foods6080057. [PMID: 28933728 PMCID: PMC5575632 DOI: 10.3390/foods6080057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Revised: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine-based food supplements can improve human nutrition. In an effort to modulate glycaemic response and enhance nutritional aspects, marine-derived algal food rich in astaxanthin was used in the formulation of a model food (wholemeal cookie). Astaxanthin substitution of cookies made from three flours (wheat, barley and oat) demonstrated a significant reduction in the rate of glucose released during in vitro digestion together with an increase in the total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant capacity of the food. The significantly (p < 0.005) lower free glucose release was observed from cookies with 15% astaxanthin, followed by 10% and then 5% astaxanthin in comparison with control cookies of each flour. Total phenolic content, DPPH radical scavenging and Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity (ORAC) value also notably increased with increase in astaxanthin content. The results evidence the potential use of microalgae to enhance the bioactive compounds and lower the glycaemic response of wholemeal flour cookie.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A K M Mofasser Hossain
- Centre for Food Research and Innovation, Department of Wine, Food and Molecular Biosciences, Lincoln University, Lincoln 7647, New Zealand.
- Riddet Institute, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand.
| | - Margaret A Brennan
- Centre for Food Research and Innovation, Department of Wine, Food and Molecular Biosciences, Lincoln University, Lincoln 7647, New Zealand.
| | - Susan L Mason
- Centre for Food Research and Innovation, Department of Wine, Food and Molecular Biosciences, Lincoln University, Lincoln 7647, New Zealand.
| | - Xinbo Guo
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Xin An Zeng
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Charles S Brennan
- Centre for Food Research and Innovation, Department of Wine, Food and Molecular Biosciences, Lincoln University, Lincoln 7647, New Zealand.
- Riddet Institute, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Arias M, Cobo M, Jaime-Sánchez P, Pastor J, Marijuan P, Pardo J, Rezusta A, Del Campo R. Gut microbiota and systemic inflammation changes after bread consumption: The ingredients and the processing influence. J Funct Foods 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
|
44
|
Xia X, Li G, Ding Y, Ren T, Zheng J, Kan J. Effect of Whole Grain Qingke (Tibetan Hordeum vulgare L. Zangqing 320) on the Serum Lipid Levels and Intestinal Microbiota of Rats under High-Fat Diet. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:2686-2693. [PMID: 28301146 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b05641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the hypolipidemic effect of whole grain Qingke (WGQ) and its influence on intestinal microbiota. Changes in the serum lipid, intestinal environment, and microbiota of Sprague-Dawley rats fed high-fat diets supplemented with different doses of WGQ were determined. Results showed that high doses of WGQ significantly decreased (P < 0.05) the Lee's index, serum total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels whereas they increased the body weight of the rats. Cecal weight and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentration increased with increasing WGQ dose. An Illumina-based sequencing approach showed that the relative abundance of putative SCFA-producing bacteria Prevotella and Anaerovibrio increased in the rats fed the WGQ diet. Principal component analysis revealed a significant difference in intestinal microbiota composition after the administration of the WGQ diet. These findings provide insights into the contribution of the intestinal microbiota to the hypolipidemic effect of WGQ.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuejuan Xia
- College of Food Science, Southwest University , Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Guannan Li
- College of Biotechnology, Southwest University , Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yongbo Ding
- College of Food Science, Southwest University , Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Tingyuan Ren
- College of Food Science, Southwest University , Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Jiong Zheng
- College of Food Science, Southwest University , Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Jianquan Kan
- College of Food Science, Southwest University , Chongqing 400715, China
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Martínez-Villaluenga C, Peñas E. Health benefits of oat: current evidence and molecular mechanisms. Curr Opin Food Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cofs.2017.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
46
|
Andersson KE, Chawade A, Thuresson N, Rascon A, Öste R, Sterner O, Olsson O, Hellstrand P. Wholegrain oat diet changes the expression of genes associated with intestinal bile acid transport. Mol Nutr Food Res 2017; 61. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201600874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Revised: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Aakash Chawade
- Department of Plant Breeding; Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences; Alnarp Sweden
| | | | - Ana Rascon
- Food for Health Science Centre; Lund University; Sweden
| | - Rickard Öste
- Food for Health Science Centre; Lund University; Sweden
| | - Olov Sterner
- Department of Chemistry; Lund University; Sweden
| | - Olof Olsson
- Department of Pure and Applied Biochemistry; Lund University; Sweden
| | - Per Hellstrand
- Department of Experimental Medical Science; Lund University; Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Cooper DN, Kable ME, Marco ML, De Leon A, Rust B, Baker JE, Horn W, Burnett D, Keim NL. The Effects of Moderate Whole Grain Consumption on Fasting Glucose and Lipids, Gastrointestinal Symptoms, and Microbiota. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9020173. [PMID: 28230784 PMCID: PMC5331604 DOI: 10.3390/nu9020173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Revised: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was designed to determine if providing wheat, corn, and rice as whole (WG) or refined grains (RG) under free-living conditions will change parameters of health over a six-week intervention in healthy, habitual non-WG consumers. Measurements of body composition, fecal microbiota, fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein (HDL), low density lipoprotein (LDL), and triglycerides were made at baseline and post intervention. Subjects were given adequate servings of either WG or RG products based on their caloric need and asked to keep records of grain consumption, bowel movements, and GI symptoms weekly. After six weeks, subjects repeated baseline testing. Significant decreases in total, LDL, and non-HDL cholesterol were seen after the WG treatments but were not observed in the RG treatment. During Week 6, bowel movement frequency increased with increased WG consumption. No significant differences in microbiota were seen between baseline and post intervention, although, abundance of order Erysipelotrichales increased in RG subjects who ate more than 50% of the RG market basket products. Increasing consumption of WGs can alter parameters of health, but more research is needed to better elucidate the relationship between the amount consumed and the health-related outcome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Danielle N Cooper
- Department of Nutrition, University of California at Davis, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| | - Mary E Kable
- Western Human Nutrition Research Center, USDA-ARS, 430 West Health Sciences Drive, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| | - Maria L Marco
- Food Science and Technology, University of California at Davis, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| | - Angela De Leon
- Department of Nutrition, University of California at Davis, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| | - Bret Rust
- Department of Nutrition, University of California at Davis, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
- Western Human Nutrition Research Center, USDA-ARS, 430 West Health Sciences Drive, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| | - Julita E Baker
- Department of Nutrition, University of California at Davis, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| | - William Horn
- Western Human Nutrition Research Center, USDA-ARS, 430 West Health Sciences Drive, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| | - Dustin Burnett
- Western Human Nutrition Research Center, USDA-ARS, 430 West Health Sciences Drive, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| | - Nancy L Keim
- Department of Nutrition, University of California at Davis, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
- Western Human Nutrition Research Center, USDA-ARS, 430 West Health Sciences Drive, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Develaraja S, Reddy A, Yadav M, Jain S, Yadav H. Whole Grains in Amelioration of Metabolic Derangements. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 4:1-11. [PMID: 28944285 DOI: 10.15226/jnhfs.2016.00173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Daily diet influences whole body metabolism, and intricately linked to the prevention or progression of metabolic diseases including obesity, diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Several epidemiological and large scale studies have shown that diets enriched with whole grains improves metabolic function and protect from the development of metabolic diseases. Direct impact of whole grain diet can be mediated on several levels of metabolic functions i.e. reduced glycemic index, improved fat oxidation potential, increased cholesterol clearance or decreased cholesterol biosynthesis and modulation of gut microbiome. In this article we reviewed several studies indicating the beneficial effects of whole grain diets on metabolic functions, as well as discussed the potential active phytochemicals present in these whole grain foods to contribute in modulation of metabolic function in our body.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samir Develaraja
- University of Pennsylvania, College of Arts and Sciences, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Anup Reddy
- West Virginia University School of Medicine, Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, USA
| | | | - Shalini Jain
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USA
| | - Hariom Yadav
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USA
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Providing evidence to support the development of whole grain dietary recommendations in the United Kingdom. Proc Nutr Soc 2016; 76:369-377. [PMID: 27766990 DOI: 10.1017/s0029665116000793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Observational evidence suggests that increased whole grain (WG) intake reduces the risks of many non-communicable diseases, such as CVD, type 2 diabetes, obesity and certain cancers. More recently, studies have shown that WG intake lowers all-cause and cause-specific mortality. Much of the reported evidence on risk reduction is from US and Scandinavian populations, where there are tangible WG dietary recommendations. At present there is no quantity-specific WG dietary recommendation in the UK, instead we are advised to choose WG or higher fibre versions. Despite recognition of WG as an important component of a healthy diet, monitoring of WG intake in the UK has been poor, with the latest intake assessment from data collected in 2000-2001 for adults and in 1997 for children. To update this information we examined WG intake in the National Diet and Nutrition Survey rolling programme 2008-2011 after developing our database of WG food composition, a key resource in determining WG intake accurately. The results showed median WG intakes remain low in both adults and children and below that of countries with quantity-specific guidance. We also found a reduction in C-reactive protein concentrations and leucocyte counts with increased WG intake, although no association with other markers of cardio-metabolic health. The recent recommendations by the UK Scientific Advisory Committee on Nutrition to increase dietary fibre intake will require a greater emphasis on consuming more WG. Specific recommendations on WG intake in the UK are warranted as is the development of public health policy to promote consumption of these important foods.
Collapse
|
50
|
Mazidi M, Rezaie P, Kengne AP, Mobarhan MG, Ferns GA. Gut microbiome and metabolic syndrome. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2016; 10:S150-S157. [PMID: 26916014 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2016.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The gut microbiome contributes approximately 2kg of the whole body weight, and recent studies suggest that gut microbiota has a profound effect on human metabolism, potentially contributing to several features of the metabolic syndrome. Metabolic syndrome is defined by a clustering of metabolic disorders that include central adiposity with visceral fat accumulation, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, dysglycemia and non-optimal blood pressure levels. Metabolic syndrome is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes. It is estimated that around 20-25 percent of the world's adult population has metabolic syndrome. In this manuscript, we have reviewed the existing data linking gut microbiome with metabolic syndrome. Existing evidence from studies both in animals and humans support a link between gut microbiome and various components of metabolic syndrome. Possible pathways include involvement with energy homeostasis and metabolic processes, modulation of inflammatory signaling pathways, interferences with the immune system, and interference with the renin-angiotensin system. Modification of gut microbiota via prebiotics, probiotics or other dietary interventions has provided evidence to support a possible beneficial effect of interventions targeting gut microbiota modulation to treat components or complications of metabolic syndrome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Mazidi
- Key State Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang, Beijing, China; Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, International College, University of Chinese Academy of Science (IC-UCAS), West Beichen Road, Chaoyang, China
| | - Peyman Rezaie
- Biochemistry and Nutrition Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Andre Pascal Kengne
- Non-Communicable Disease Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council and University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Majid Ghayour Mobarhan
- Biochemistry and Nutrition Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad, Iran; Cardiovascular Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences (MUMS), Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Gordon A Ferns
- Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Division of Medical Education, Rm 342, Mayfield House, University of Brighton, BN1 9PH, UK
| |
Collapse
|