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Jin X, Zhou K, Zhang R, Li J, Guo M, Qiao H, Wu M, Cao X, Dong G, Zhang S. Construction and validation of prognostic signature for transcription factors regulating T cell exhaustion in hepatocellular carcinoma. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e38713. [PMID: 38968464 PMCID: PMC11224837 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000038713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024] Open
Abstract
In the tumor microenvironment (TME), CD8+ T cells showed stage exhaustion due to the continuous stimulation of tumor antigens. To evaluate the status of CD8+ T cells and reverse the exhaustion is the key to evaluate the prognosis and therapeutic effect of tumor patients. The aim of this study was to establish a prognostic signature that could effectively predict prognosis and response to immunotherapy in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We used univariate Cox analysis to obtain transcription factors associated with CD8+ T cell exhaustion from The Cancer Genome Atlas dataset. Then, the prognostic signature for transcription factors basic leucine zipper ATF-like transcription factor, Eomesodermin, and T-box protein 21 regulating T cell exhaustion was constructed using LASSO Cox regression. The relative expression levels of the mRNA of the 3 transcription factors were detected by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction in 23 pairs of HCC and paracancer tissues, and verified internally in The Cancer Genome Atlas dataset and externally in the International Cancer Genome Consortium dataset. Cox regression analysis showed that risk score was an independent prognostic variable. The overall survival of the high-risk group was significantly lower than that of the low-risk group. The low-risk group had higher immune scores, matrix scores, and ESTIMATE scores, and significantly increased expression levels of most immune checkpoint genes in the low-risk group. Therefore, patients with lower risk scores benefit more from immunotherapy. The combination of the 3 transcription factors can evaluate the exhaustion state of CD8+ T cells in the TME, laying a foundation for evaluating the TME and immunotherapy efficacy in patients with HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Jin
- Scientific Research Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Kun Zhou
- Scientific Research Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Beidahuang Industry Group General Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Rongzheng Zhang
- Scientific Research Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jingbo Li
- Department of Anesthesiology Research Institute, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Mengrui Guo
- Scientific Research Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Han Qiao
- Scientific Research Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Meng Wu
- Scientific Research Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xinyang Cao
- Scientific Research Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Guanglu Dong
- Department of Tumor Radiotherapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Shuyun Zhang
- Scientific Research Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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2
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Singh A, Choudhury SD, Singh P, Singh VV, Singh SN, Sharma A. Ionic reverberation modulates the cellular fate of CD8 +tissue resident memory T cells (TRMs) in patients with renal cell carcinoma: A novel mechanism. Clin Immunol 2024; 264:110256. [PMID: 38762062 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2024.110256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
In metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC), existing treatments including checkpoint inhibitors are failed to cure and/or prevent recurrence of the disease. Therefore, in-depth understanding of tumor tissue resident memory T cells (TRMs) dysfunction are necessitated to enrich efficacy of immunotherapies and increasing disease free survival in treated patients. In patients, we observed dysregulation of K+, Ca2+, Na2+ and Zn2+ ion channels leads to excess infiltration of their respective ions in tumor TRMs, thus ionic gradients are disturbed and cells became hyperpolarized. Moreover, overloaded intramitochondrial calcium caused mitochondrial depolarization and trigger apoptosis of tumor TRMs. Decreased prevalence of activated tumor TRMs reflected our observations. Furthermore, disruptions in ionic concentrations impaired the functional activities and/or suppressed anti-tumor action of circulating and tumor TRMs in RCC. Collectively, these findings revealed novel mechanism behind dysfunctionality of tumor TRMs. Implicating enrichment of activated TRMs within tumor would be beneficial for better management of RCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashu Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Saumitra Dey Choudhury
- Central core Research facility, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Prabhjot Singh
- Department of Urology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Som Nath Singh
- Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Alpana Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
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3
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He J, Chen D, Xiong W, Hou X, Quan Y, Yang M, Dong Z. Eomesodermin spatiotemporally orchestrates the early and late stages of NK cell development by targeting KLF2 and T-bet, respectively. Cell Mol Immunol 2024; 21:662-673. [PMID: 38740922 PMCID: PMC11214621 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-024-01164-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Eomesodermin (Eomes) is a critical factor in the development of natural killer (NK) cells, but its precise role in temporal and spatial coordination during this process remains unclear. Our study revealed that Eomes plays distinct roles during the early and late stages of NK cell development. Specifically, the early deletion of Eomes via the CD122-Cre transgene resulted in significant blockade at the progenitor stage due to the downregulation of KLF2, another important transcription factor. ChIP-seq revealed direct binding of Eomes to the conserved noncoding sequence (CNS) of Klf2. Utilizing the CHimeric IMmune Editing (CHIME) technique, we found that deletion of the CNS region of Klf2 via CRISPRi led to a reduction in the NK cell population and developmental arrest. Moreover, constitutive activation of this specific CNS region through CRISPRa significantly reversed the severe defects in NK cell development caused by Eomes deficiency. Conversely, Ncr1-Cre-mediated terminal deletion of Eomes expedited the transition of NK cell subsets from the CD27+CD11b+ phenotype to the CD27-CD11b+ phenotype. Late-stage deficiency of Eomes led to a significant increase in T-bet expression, which subsequently increased the expression of the transcription factor Zeb2. Genetic deletion of one allele of Tbx21, encoding T-bet, effectively reversed the aberrant differentiation of Eomes-deficient NK cells. In summary, we utilized two innovative genetic models to elucidate the intricate mechanisms underlying Eomes-mediated NK cell commitment and differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junming He
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University and Institute for Clinical Immunology, Anhui Medical University, Anhui, 230032, China
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Medicine and Institute for Immunology, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Donglin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Medicine and Institute for Immunology, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Medicine and Institute for Immunology, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Xinlei Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Medicine and Institute for Immunology, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Yuhe Quan
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Medicine and Institute for Immunology, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Meixiang Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhuhai People's Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Jinan University, Zhuhai, 519000, China.
- The Biomedical Translational Research Institute. Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Viral Pathogenesis & Infection Prevention and Control (Jinan University). Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Germ-Free Animals and Microbiota Application. School of Medicine. Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
| | - Zhongjun Dong
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University and Institute for Clinical Immunology, Anhui Medical University, Anhui, 230032, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Medicine and Institute for Immunology, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China.
- Innovative Institute of Tumor Immunity and Medicine (ITIM), Hefei, 230032, China.
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Tumor Immune Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, Hefei, 230032, China.
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China.
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4
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Kotliar D, Curtis M, Agnew R, Weinand K, Nathan A, Baglaenko Y, Zhao Y, Sabeti PC, Rao DA, Raychaudhuri S. Reproducible single cell annotation of programs underlying T-cell subsets, activation states, and functions. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.03.592310. [PMID: 38746317 PMCID: PMC11092745 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.03.592310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
T-cells recognize antigens and induce specialized gene expression programs (GEPs) enabling functions including proliferation, cytotoxicity, and cytokine production. Traditionally, different classes of helper T-cells express mutually exclusive responses - for example, Th1, Th2, and Th17 programs. However, new single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-Seq) experiments have revealed a continuum of T-cell states without discrete clusters corresponding to these subsets, implying the need for new analytical frameworks. Here, we advance the characterization of T-cells with T-CellAnnoTator (TCAT), a pipeline that simultaneously quantifies pre-defined GEPs capturing activation states and cellular subsets. From 1,700,000 T-cells from 700 individuals across 38 tissues and five diverse disease contexts, we discover 46 reproducible GEPs reflecting the known core functions of T-cells including proliferation, cytotoxicity, exhaustion, and T helper effector states. We experimentally characterize several novel activation programs and apply TCAT to describe T-cell activation and exhaustion in Covid-19 and cancer, providing insight into T-cell function in these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan Kotliar
- Center for Data Sciences, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Michelle Curtis
- Center for Data Sciences, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Ryan Agnew
- Center for Data Sciences, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Kathryn Weinand
- Center for Data Sciences, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Aparna Nathan
- Center for Data Sciences, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Yuriy Baglaenko
- Center for Data Sciences, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Center for Autoimmune Genetics and Etiology and Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45219, USA
| | - Yu Zhao
- Center for Data Sciences, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Pardis C. Sabeti
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, FAS Center for Systems Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| | - Deepak A. Rao
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Soumya Raychaudhuri
- Center for Data Sciences, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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5
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Manandhar P, Szymczak-Workman AL, Kane LP. Tim-3 Is Not Required for Establishment of CD8+ T Cell Memory to Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2024; 212:466-474. [PMID: 38108417 PMCID: PMC10906969 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2300401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Tim-3 is a transmembrane protein that is best known for being highly expressed on terminally exhausted CD8+ T cells associated with chronic infection and tumors, although its expression is not limited to those settings. Tim-3 is also expressed by CD8+ T cells during acute infection and by multiple other immune cell types, including CD4+ Th1 and regulatory T cells, dendritic cells, and mast cells. In this study, we investigated the role of Tim-3 signaling on CD8+ T cell memory using a Tim-3 conditional knockout mouse model and mice lacking the signaling portion of the Tim-3 cytoplasmic domain. Together, our results indicate that Tim-3 has at most a modest effect on the formation and function of CD8+ memory T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Manandhar
- Dept. of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
- Graduate Program in Microbiology and Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
| | | | - Lawrence P. Kane
- Dept. of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
- Graduate Program in Microbiology and Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
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6
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Baysal MA, Chakraborty A, Tsimberidou AM. Enhancing the Efficacy of CAR-T Cell Therapy: A Comprehensive Exploration of Cellular Strategies and Molecular Dynamics. JOURNAL OF CANCER IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 6:20-28. [PMID: 39119270 PMCID: PMC11308461 DOI: 10.33696/cancerimmunol.6.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
The emergence of chimeric antigen receptor T cell (CAR-T cell) therapy has revolutionized cancer treatment, particularly for hematologic malignancies. This commentary discusses developments in CAR-T cell therapy, focusing on the molecular mechanisms governing T cell fate and differentiation. Transcriptional and epigenetic factors play a pivotal role in determining the specificity, effectiveness, and durability of CAR-T cell therapy. Understanding these mechanisms is crucial to improve the efficacy and decrease the adverse events associated with CAR-T cell therapies, unlocking the full potential of these approaches. T cell differentiation in CAR-T cell product manufacturing plays an important role in clinical outcomes. A positive correlation exists between the clinical efficacy of CAR-T cell therapy and signatures of memory, whereas a negative correlation has been observed with signatures of effector function or exhaustion. The effectiveness of CAR-T cell products is likely influenced by T-cell frequency and by their ability to proliferate, which is closely linked to early T cell differentiation. The differentiation process involving distinct T memory cell subsets is initiated upon antigen elimination, indicating infection resolution. In chronic infections or cancer, T cells may undergo exhaustion, marked by continuous inhibitory receptor expression, decreased cytokine production, and diminished proliferative capacity. Other cell subsets, such as CD4+ T cells, innate-like T lymphocytes, NKT cells, and cord blood-derived hematopoietic stem cells, offer unique advantages in developing the next-generation CAR-T cell-based therapies. Future research should focus on optimizing T-cell-enhancing approaches and developing strategies to potentially cure patients with hematological diseases and solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet A. Baysal
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Abhijit Chakraborty
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Apostolia M. Tsimberidou
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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7
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Wu J, Lu Z, Zhao H, Lu M, Gao Q, Che N, Wang J, Ma T. The expanding Pandora's toolbox of CD8 +T cell: from transcriptional control to metabolic firing. J Transl Med 2023; 21:905. [PMID: 38082437 PMCID: PMC10714647 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04775-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
CD8+ T cells are the executor in adaptive immune response, especially in anti-tumor immunity. They are the subset immune cells that are of high plasticity and multifunction. Their development, differentiation, activation and metabolism are delicately regulated by multiple factors. Stimuli from the internal and external environment could remodel CD8+ T cells, and correspondingly they will also make adjustments to the microenvironmental changes. Here we describe the most updated progresses in CD8+ T biology from transcriptional regulation to metabolism mechanisms, and also their interactions with the microenvironment, especially in cancer and immunotherapy. The expanding landscape of CD8+ T cell biology and discovery of potential targets to regulate CD8+ T cells will provide new viewpoints for clinical immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghong Wu
- Cancer Research Center, Beijing Chest Hospital, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 101149, China
| | - Zhendong Lu
- Cancer Research Center, Beijing Chest Hospital, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 101149, China
| | - Hong Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Tuberculosis & Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 101149, China
| | - Mingjun Lu
- Cancer Research Center, Beijing Chest Hospital, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 101149, China
| | - Qing Gao
- Cancer Research Center, Beijing Chest Hospital, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 101149, China
| | - Nanying Che
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Tuberculosis & Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 101149, China
| | - Jinghui Wang
- Cancer Research Center, Beijing Chest Hospital, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 101149, China.
| | - Teng Ma
- Cancer Research Center, Beijing Chest Hospital, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 101149, China.
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8
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Bulliard Y, Andersson BS, Baysal MA, Damiano J, Tsimberidou AM. Reprogramming T cell differentiation and exhaustion in CAR-T cell therapy. J Hematol Oncol 2023; 16:108. [PMID: 37880715 PMCID: PMC10601191 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-023-01504-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
T cell differentiation is a highly regulated, multi-step process necessary for the progressive establishment of effector functions, immunological memory, and long-term control of pathogens. In response to strong stimulation, as seen in severe or chronic infections or cancer, T cells acquire a state of hypo-responsiveness known as exhaustion, limiting their effector function. Recent advances in autologous chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapies have revolutionized the treatment of hematologic malignancies by taking advantage of the basic principles of T cell biology to engineer products that promote long-lasting T cell response. However, many patients' malignancies remain unresponsive to treatment or are prone to recur. Discoveries in T cell biology, including the identification of key regulators of differentiation and exhaustion, offer novel opportunities to have a durable impact on the fate of CAR-T cells after infusion. Such next-generation CAR-T cell therapies and their clinical implementation may result in the next leap forward in cancer treatment for selected patients. In this context, this review summarizes the foundational principles of T cell differentiation and exhaustion and describes how they can be utilized and targeted to further improve the design and efficacy of CAR-T cell therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Borje S Andersson
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Mehmet A Baysal
- Unit 455, Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Jason Damiano
- Appia Bio, 6160 Bristol Pkwy, Culver City, CA, 90230, USA
| | - Apostolia M Tsimberidou
- Unit 455, Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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9
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Flescq C, Gachon A, Saez Cirion A. [A shot of synTac to activate CD8 + T cells cytotoxic specific response against HIV]. Med Sci (Paris) 2023; 39:783-786. [PMID: 37943140 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/2023106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Dans le cadre de leur module d’analyse scientifique, des étudiants des Master 2 « Immunologie Translationnelle et Biothérapies » (ITB) et « Immunologie Intégrative et Systémique » (I2S) (mention biologie moléculaire et cellulaire, parcours immunologie, Sorbonne université) se sont penchés sur la littérature et ont pris la plume pour partager avec les lecteurs de m/s quelques-uns des faits marquants de l’actualité en immunologie. Voici une sélection de ces nouvelles, illustrant certaines des stratégies actuellement développées pour optimiser les immunothérapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlène Flescq
- M2 Immunologie Translationnelle et Biothérapies (ITB), mention BMC, Sorbonne université, Paris, France
| | - Alexis Gachon
- M2 Immunologie Translationnelle et Biothérapies (ITB), mention BMC, Sorbonne université, Paris, France
| | - Asier Saez Cirion
- Institut Pasteur, université de Paris, unité HIV inflammation et persistance, Paris, France
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10
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Yamada M, Macedo C, Louis K, Shi T, Landsittel D, Nguyen C, Shinjoh M, Michaels MG, Feingold B, Mazariegos GV, Green M, Metes D. Distinct association between chronic Epstein-Barr virus infection and T cell compartments from pediatric heart, kidney, and liver transplant recipients. Am J Transplant 2023; 23:1145-1158. [PMID: 37187296 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajt.2023.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Chronic Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection after pediatric organ transplantation (Tx) accounts for significant morbidity and mortality. The risk of complications, such as posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorders, in high viral load (HVL) carriers is the highest in heart Tx recipients. However, the immunologic signatures of such a risk have been insufficiently defined. Here, we assessed the phenotypic, functional, and transcriptomic profiles of peripheral blood CD8+/CD4+ T cells, including EBV-specific T cells, in 77 pediatric heart, kidney, and liver Tx recipients and established the relationship between memory differentiation and progression toward exhaustion. Unlike kidney and liver HVL carriers, heart HVL carriers displayed distinct CD8+ T cells with (1) up-regulation of interleukin-21R, (2) decreased naive phenotype and altered memory differentiation, (3) accumulation of terminally exhausted (TEX PD-1+T-bet-Eomes+) and decrease of functional precursors of exhausted (TPEX PD-1intT-bet+) effector subsets, and (4) transcriptomic signatures supporting the phenotypic changes. In addition, CD4+ T cells from heart HVL carriers displayed similar changes in naive and memory subsets, elevated Th1 follicular helper cells, and plasma interleukin-21, suggesting an alternative inflammatory mechanism that governs T cell responses in heart Tx recipients. These results may explain the different incidences of EBV complications and may help improve the risk stratification and clinical management of different types of Tx recipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Yamada
- Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA; Thomas E. Starzl Transplant Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Camila Macedo
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplant Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kevin Louis
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplant Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA; Kidney Transplant Department, Saint Louis Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Tiange Shi
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Douglas Landsittel
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Indiana University, Indiana, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Christina Nguyen
- Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Masayoshi Shinjoh
- Department of Pediatrics, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Marian G Michaels
- Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA; Thomas E. Starzl Transplant Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Brian Feingold
- Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA; Clinical and Translational Science, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - George V Mazariegos
- Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA; Thomas E. Starzl Transplant Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Michael Green
- Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA; Thomas E. Starzl Transplant Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Diana Metes
- Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA; Thomas E. Starzl Transplant Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
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11
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Piper M, Hoen M, Darragh LB, Knitz MW, Nguyen D, Gadwa J, Durini G, Karakoc I, Grier A, Neupert B, Van Court B, Abdelazeem KNM, Yu J, Olimpo NA, Corbo S, Ross RB, Pham TT, Joshi M, Kedl RM, Saviola AJ, Amann M, Umaña P, Codarri Deak L, Klein C, D'Alessandro A, Karam SD. Simultaneous targeting of PD-1 and IL-2Rβγ with radiation therapy inhibits pancreatic cancer growth and metastasis. Cancer Cell 2023; 41:950-969.e6. [PMID: 37116489 PMCID: PMC10246400 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2023.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
In pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) patients, we show that response to radiation therapy (RT) is characterized by increased IL-2Rβ and IL-2Rγ along with decreased IL-2Rα expression. The bispecific PD1-IL2v is a PD-1-targeted IL-2 variant (IL-2v) immunocytokine with engineered IL-2 cis targeted to PD-1 and abolished IL-2Rα binding, which enhances tumor-antigen-specific T cell activation while reducing regulatory T cell (Treg) suppression. Using PD1-IL2v in orthotopic PDAC KPC-driven tumor models, we show marked improvement in local and metastatic survival, along with a profound increase in tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cell subsets with a transcriptionally and metabolically active phenotype and preferential activation of antigen-specific CD8+ T cells. In combination with single-dose RT, PD1-IL2v treatment results in a robust, durable expansion of polyfunctional CD8+ T cells, T cell stemness, tumor-specific memory immune response, natural killer (NK) cell activation, and decreased Tregs. These data show that PD1-IL2v leads to profound local and distant response in PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miles Piper
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Maureen Hoen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Laurel B Darragh
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Michael W Knitz
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Diemmy Nguyen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Jacob Gadwa
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Greta Durini
- Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Idil Karakoc
- Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Abby Grier
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Brooke Neupert
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Benjamin Van Court
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Khalid N M Abdelazeem
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Justin Yu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Nicholas A Olimpo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Sophia Corbo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Richard Blake Ross
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Tiffany T Pham
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Molishree Joshi
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Ross M Kedl
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Anthony J Saviola
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Maria Amann
- Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Pablo Umaña
- Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Laura Codarri Deak
- Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Christian Klein
- Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Angelo D'Alessandro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Sana D Karam
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
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12
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Zhang L, Mao J, Lian Y, Liang Q, Li W, Zhao J, Pan H, Gao Z, Fang L, Yuan W, Chu Y, Shi J. Mass cytometry analysis identifies T cell immune signature of aplastic anemia and predicts the response to cyclosporine. Ann Hematol 2023; 102:529-539. [PMID: 36680600 PMCID: PMC9862246 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-023-05097-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Aplastic anemia (AA) is an auto-activated T cell-mediated bone marrow failure. Cyclosporine is often used to treat non-severe AA, which demonstrates a more heterogeneous condition than severe AA. The response rate to cyclosporine is only around 50% in non-severe AA. To better predict response to cyclosporine and pinpoint who is the appropriate candidate for cyclosporine, we performed phenotypic and functional T cell immune signature at single cell level by mass cytometry from 30 patients with non-severe AA. Unexpectedly, non-significant differences of T cell subsets were observed between AA and healthy control or cyclosporine-responder and non-responders. Interestingly, when screening the expression of co-inhibitory molecules, T cell trafficking mediators, and cytokines, we found an increase of cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4) on T cells in response to cyclosporine and a lower level of CTLA-4 on CD8+ T cells was correlated to hematologic response. Moreover, a decreased expression of sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1 (S1P1) on naive T cells and a lower level of interleukin-9 (IL-9) on T helpers also predicted a better response to cyclosporine, respectively. Therefore, the T cell immune signature, especially in CTAL-4, S1P1, and IL-9, has a predictive value for response to cyclosporine. Collectively, our study implies that immune signature analysis of T cell by mass cytometry is a useful tool to make a strategic decision on cyclosporine treatment of AA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lele Zhang
- Regenerative Medicine Clinic, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No. 288 Nanjing Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Jin Mao
- Regenerative Medicine Clinic, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No. 288 Nanjing Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Yu Lian
- Regenerative Medicine Clinic, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No. 288 Nanjing Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Qian Liang
- Regenerative Medicine Clinic, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No. 288 Nanjing Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Weiwang Li
- Regenerative Medicine Clinic, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No. 288 Nanjing Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Jingyu Zhao
- Regenerative Medicine Clinic, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No. 288 Nanjing Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Hong Pan
- Regenerative Medicine Clinic, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No. 288 Nanjing Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Zhen Gao
- Regenerative Medicine Clinic, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No. 288 Nanjing Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Liwei Fang
- Regenerative Medicine Clinic, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No. 288 Nanjing Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Weiping Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No. 288 Nanjing Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Yajing Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No. 288 Nanjing Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300020, China.
| | - Jun Shi
- Regenerative Medicine Clinic, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No. 288 Nanjing Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300020, China.
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13
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Pritchard GH, Phan AT, Christian DA, Blain TJ, Fang Q, Johnson J, Roy NH, Shallberg L, Kedl RM, Hunter CA. Early T-bet promotes LFA1 upregulation required for CD8+ effector and memory T cell development. J Exp Med 2023; 220:e20191287. [PMID: 36445307 PMCID: PMC9712775 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20191287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The T-box transcription factor T-bet is regarded as a "master regulator" of CD4+ Th1 differentiation and IFN-γ production. However, in multiple models of infection, T-bet appears less critical for CD8+ T cell expansion and effector function. Here, we show that following vaccination with a replication-deficient strain of Toxoplasma gondii, CD8+ T cell expression of T-bet is required for optimal expansion of parasite-specific effector CD8+ T cells. Analysis of the early events associated with T cell activation reveals that the α chain of LFA1, CD11a, is a target of T-bet, and T-bet is necessary for CD8+ T cell upregulation of this integrin, which influences the initial priming of CD8+ effector T cells. We propose that the early expression of T-bet represents a T cell-intrinsic factor that optimizes T-DC interactions necessary to generate effector responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gretchen Harms Pritchard
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Anthony T. Phan
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - David A. Christian
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Trevor J. Blain
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO
| | - Qun Fang
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - John Johnson
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Nathan H. Roy
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute and Perelman School of Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Lindsey Shallberg
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Ross M. Kedl
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO
| | - Christopher A. Hunter
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
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14
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Ning J, Wang J, Zheng H, Peng S, Mao T, Wang L, Yu G, Liu J, Liu S, Zhang T, Ding S, Lu F, Chen X. Solely HBsAg intrauterine exposure accelerates HBV clearance by promoting HBs-specific immune response in the mouse pups. Emerg Microbes Infect 2022; 11:1356-1370. [PMID: 35538876 PMCID: PMC9132461 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2022.2071172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection due to perinatal mother-to-infant transmission (MTIT) remains a serious global public health problem. It has been shown that intrauterine exposure to HBV antigens might account for the MTIT-related chronic infection. However, whether hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) intrauterine exposure affected the offspring’s immune response against HBV and MTIT of HBV has not been fully clarified. In this study, we investigated the effects and the potential mechanisms of the HBsAg intrauterine exposure on the persistence of HBV replication using a solely HBsAg intrauterine exposure mice model. Our results revealed that solely HBsAg intrauterine exposure significantly accelerated the clearance of HBV when these mice were hydrodynamically injected with pBB4.5-HBV1.2 plasmids after birth, which may be due to the increased number of HBs-specific CD8+ T cells and interferon-gamma secretion in the liver of mice. Mechanismly, HBsAg intrauterine exposure activated antigen-presenting dendritic cells, which led to the generation of antigen-specific cellular immunological memory. Our data provide an important experimental evidence for the activation of neonatal immune response by HBsAg intrauterine exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Ning
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Department of Microbiology and Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianwen Wang
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Huiling Zheng
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Siwen Peng
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianhao Mao
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangxin Yu
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Liu
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuang Liu
- Beijing Artificial Liver Treatment & Training Center, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shigang Ding
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengmin Lu
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Peking University Hepatology Institute, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hepatitis C and Immunotherapy for Liver Diseases, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangmei Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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15
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Plunkett KR, Armitage JD, Inderjeeth AJ, McDonnell AM, Waithman J, Lau PKH. Tissue-resident memory T cells in the era of (Neo) adjuvant melanoma management. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1048758. [PMID: 36466880 PMCID: PMC9709277 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1048758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue-resident memory T (TRM) cells have emerged as key players in the immune control of melanoma. These specialized cells are identified by expression of tissue retention markers such as CD69, CD103 and CD49a with downregulation of egress molecules such as Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Receptor-1 (S1PR1) and the lymphoid homing receptor, CD62L. TRM have been shown to be integral in controlling infections such as herpes simplex virus (HSV), lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) and influenza. More recently, robust pre-clinical models have also demonstrated TRM are able to maintain melanoma in a dormant state without progression to macroscopic disease reminiscent of their ability to control viral infections. The discovery of the role these cells play in anti-melanoma immunity has coincided with the advent of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy which has revolutionized the treatment of cancers. ICIs that target programmed death protein-1 (PD-1) and cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) have led to substantial improvements in outcomes for patients with metastatic melanoma and have been rapidly employed to reduce recurrences in the resected stage III setting. While ICIs mediate anti-tumor activity via CD8+ T cells, the specific subsets that facilitate this response is unclear. TRM invariably exhibit high expression of immune checkpoints such as PD-1, CTLA-4 and lymphocyte activating gene-3 (LAG-3) which strongly implicates this CD8+ T cell subset as a crucial mediator of ICI activity. In this review, we present pre-clinical and translational studies that highlight the critical role of TRM in both immune control of primary melanoma and as a key CD8+ T cell subset that mediates anti-tumor activity of ICIs for the treatment of melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai R. Plunkett
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Jesse D. Armitage
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | | | - Alison M. McDonnell
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Jason Waithman
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Peter K. H. Lau
- Melanoma Discovery Laboratory, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, WA, Australia
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16
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Grant NL, Maiello P, Klein E, Lin PL, Borish HJ, Tomko J, Frye LJ, White AG, Kirschner DE, Mattila JT, Flynn JL. T cell transcription factor expression evolves over time in granulomas from Mycobacterium tuberculosis-infected cynomolgus macaques. Cell Rep 2022; 39:110826. [PMID: 35584684 PMCID: PMC9169877 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), the causative agent of tuberculosis (TB), is a global health concern, yearly resulting in 10 million new cases of active TB. Immunologic investigation of lung granulomas is essential for understanding host control of bacterial replication. Here, we identify and compare the pathological, cellular, and functional differences in granulomas at 4, 12, and 20 weeks post-infection in Chinese cynomolgus macaques. Original granulomas differ in transcription-factor expression within adaptive lymphocytes, with those at 12 weeks showing higher frequencies of CD8+T-bet+ T cells, while CD4+T-bet+ T cells increase at 20 weeks post-infection. The appearance of T-bet+ adaptive T cells at 12 and 20 weeks is coincident with a reduction in bacterial burden, suggesting their critical role in Mtb control. This study highlights the evolution of T cell responses within lung granulomas, suggesting that vaccines promoting the development and migration of T-bet+ T cells would enhance mycobacterial control. Grant et al. investigate the pathological, cellular, and functional differences in TB lung granulomas from macaques. The data reveal that most T cells at early time points have low frequencies of transcription factor expression, while T cells at later time points have increased expression of T-bet and a reduction in bacterial burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole L Grant
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Pauline Maiello
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Edwin Klein
- Division of Laboratory Animal Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Philana Ling Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - H Jacob Borish
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jaime Tomko
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - L James Frye
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Alexander G White
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Denise E Kirschner
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Joshua T Mattila
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - JoAnne L Flynn
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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17
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Wong DCP, Lee EHC, Er J, Yow I, Koean RAG, Ang O, Xiao J, Low BC, Ding JL. Lung Cancer Induces NK Cell Contractility and Cytotoxicity Through Transcription Factor Nuclear Localization. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:871326. [PMID: 35652099 PMCID: PMC9149376 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.871326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Actomyosin-mediated cellular contractility is highly conserved for mechanotransduction and signalling. While this phenomenon has been observed in adherent cell models, whether/how contractile forces regulate the function of suspension cells like natural killer (NK) cells during cancer surveillance, is unknown. Here, we demonstrated in coculture settings that the evolutionarily conserved NK cell transcription factor, Eomes, undergoes nuclear shuttling during lung cancer cell surveillance. Biophysical and biochemical analyses revealed mechanistic enhancement of NK cell actomyosin-mediated contractility, which is associated with nuclear flattening, thus enabling nuclear entry of Eomes associated with enhanced NK cytotoxicity. We found that NK cells responded to the presumed immunosuppressive TGFβ in the NK-lung cancer coculture medium to sustain its intracellular contractility through myosin light chain phosphorylation, thereby promoting Eomes nuclear localization. Therefore, our results demonstrate that lung cancer cells provoke NK cell contractility as an early phase activation mechanism and that Eomes is a plausible mechano-responsive protein for increased NK cytotoxicity. There is scope for strategic application of actomyosin-mediated contractility modulating drugs ex vivo, to reinvigorate NK cells prior to adoptive cancer immunotherapy in vivo (177 words).
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Affiliation(s)
- Darren Chen Pei Wong
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Mechanobiology Institute Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - E Hui Clarissa Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Junzhi Er
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ivan Yow
- Mechanobiology Institute Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Owen Ang
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jingwei Xiao
- Mechanobiology Institute Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Boon Chuan Low
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Mechanobiology Institute Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- University Scholars Programme, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jeak Ling Ding
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Integrative Sciences and Engineering Programme, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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18
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Mishra KP, Singh M, Saraswat D, Ganju L, Varshney R. Dysfunctional State of T Cells or Exhaustion During Chronic Viral Infections and COVID-19: A Review. Viral Immunol 2022; 35:284-290. [PMID: 35325564 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2022.0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) continuously affecting the lives of millions of people. The virus is spread through the respiratory route to an uninfected person, causing mild-to-moderate respiratory disease-like symptoms that sometimes progress to severe form and can be fatal. When the host is infected with the virus, both innate and adaptive immunity comes into play. The effector T cells act as the master player of adaptive immune response in eradicating the virus from the system. But during cancer and chronic viral infections, the fate of an effector T cell is altered, and the T cell may enters a state of exhaustion, which is marked by loss of effector function, depleted proliferative capacity and cytotoxic effect accomplished by an increased expression of numerous inhibitory receptors such as programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1), lymphocyte-activation protein 3 (LAG-3), and cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) on their surface. Various other transcriptional and epigenetic changes take place inside the T cell when it enters into an exhausted state. Latest studies point toward the induction of an abnormal immune response such as lymphopenia, cytokine storm, and T cell exhaustion during SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) infection. This review sheds light on the dysfunctional state of T cells during chronic viral infection and COVID-19. Understanding the cause and the effect of T cell exhaustion observed during COVID-19 may help resolve new therapeutic potentials for treating chronic infections and other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- K P Mishra
- Division of Experimental Biology, Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Delhi, India
| | - Mrinalini Singh
- Division of Experimental Biology, Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Delhi, India
| | - Deepika Saraswat
- Division of Experimental Biology, Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Delhi, India
| | - Lilly Ganju
- Division of Experimental Biology, Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Delhi, India
| | - Rajeev Varshney
- Division of Experimental Biology, Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Delhi, India
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19
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Accelerating clinical-scale production of BCMA CAR T cells with defined maturation stages. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev 2022; 24:181-198. [PMID: 35118163 PMCID: PMC8791860 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2021.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The advent of CAR T cells targeting CD19 or BCMA on B cell neoplasm demonstrated remarkable efficacy, but rapid relapses and primary refractoriness remains challenging. A leading cause of CAR T cell failure is their lack of expansion and limited persistence. Long-lived, self-renewing multipotent T memory stem cells (TSCM) and T central memory cells (TCM) likely sustain superior tumor regression, but their low frequencies in blood from cancer patients impose a major hurdle for clinical CAR T production. We designed a clinically compliant protocol for generating BCMA CAR T cells starting with increased TSCM/TCM cell input. A CliniMACS Prodigy process was combined with flow cytometry-based enrichment of CD62L+CD95+ T cells. Although starting with only 15% of standard T cell input, the selected TSCM/TCM material was efficiently activated and transduced with a BCMA CAR-encoding retrovirus. Cultivation in the presence of IL-7/IL-15 enabled the harvest of CAR T cells containing an increased CD4+ TSCM fraction and 70% TSCM cells amongst CD8+. Strong cell proliferation yielded cell numbers sufficient for clinical application, while effector functions were maintained. Together, adaptation of a standard CliniMACS Prodigy protocol to low input numbers resulted in efficient retroviral transduction with a high CAR T cell yield.
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20
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Zhang J, Rousseaux N, Walzer T. Eomes and T‐bet, a dynamic duo regulating NK cell differentiation. Bioessays 2022; 44:e2100281. [DOI: 10.1002/bies.202100281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Zhang
- Department of Dermatology Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts USA
| | - Noémi Rousseaux
- CIRI Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon Univ Lyon, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 Lyon France
| | - Thierry Walzer
- CIRI Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon Univ Lyon, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 Lyon France
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21
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Abdulla FR, Zhang W, Wu X, Honda K, Qin H, Cho H, Querfeld C, Zain J, Rosen ST, Chan WC, Parekh V, Song JY. Genomic Analysis of Cutaneous CD30-Positive Lymphoproliferative Disorders. JID INNOVATIONS 2022; 2:100068. [PMID: 34977845 PMCID: PMC8688881 DOI: 10.1016/j.xjidi.2021.100068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary cutaneous CD30+ T-cell lymphoproliferative disorders are the second most common cutaneous lymphomas. According to the World Health Organization, CD30+ T-cell lymphoproliferative disorders include primary cutaneous anaplastic large cell lymphoma (C-ALCL) and lymphomatoid papulosis (LyP) as well as borderline lesions. C-ALCL and LyP are thought to represent two ends of a spectrum of diseases that have different clinical presentations, clinical courses, and prognoses in their classic forms but share the same histology of medium to large CD30+ atypical lymphoid cell infiltrates. Because the behavior of these entities is different clinically and prognostically, we aim to search for oncogenic genomic variants using whole-exome sequencing that drive the development of LyP and C-ALCL. Clinical information, pathology, immunohistochemistry, and T-cell rearrangements on six cases of LyP and five cases of C-ALCL were reviewed to confirm the rendered diagnosis before whole-exome sequencing of all specimens. Both LyP and C-ALCL had recurrent alterations in epigenetic modifying genes affecting histone methylation and acetylation (SETD2, KMT2A, KMT2D, and CREBBP). However, they also harbor unique differences with mutations in signal transducer and activator of transcription gene STAT3 of the Jak/signal transducer and activator of transcription pathway and EOMES, a transcription factor involved in lymphocyte development, only noted in C-ALCL specimens. Genomic characterization of LyP and C-ALCL in this series confirms the role of multiple pathways involved in the biology and development of these lymphomatous processes. The identification of similar aberrations within the epigenetic modifying genes emphasizes common potential development mechanisms of lymphomagenesis within lymphoproliferative disorders being shared between LyP and C-ALCL; however, the presence of differences may account for the differences in clinical course.
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Key Words
- BI-ALCL, breast implant‒associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma
- C-ALCL, cutaneous anaplastic large cell lymphoma
- CD30+LPD, CD30+ lymphoproliferative disorder
- CN, copy number
- CTCL, cutaneous T-cell lymphoma
- FFPE, formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded
- IHC, immunohistochemistry
- LyP, lymphomatoid papulosis
- MF, mycosis fungoides
- STAT, signal transducer and activator of transcription
- sALCL, systemic anaplastic large cell lymphoma
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Affiliation(s)
- Farah R Abdulla
- Department of Surgery, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Weiwei Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Xiwei Wu
- Integrative Genomics Core, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Kord Honda
- Department of Pathology, University Hospitals of Cleveland, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Hanjun Qin
- Integrative Genomics Core, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Hyejin Cho
- Integrative Genomics Core, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Christiane Querfeld
- Department of Surgery, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Jasmine Zain
- Department of Hematology & Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Steven Terry Rosen
- Department of Hematology & Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Wing C Chan
- Department of Pathology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Vishwas Parekh
- Department of Pathology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Joo Y Song
- Department of Pathology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California, USA
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22
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Luo XH, Poiret T, Liu Z, Meng Q, Nagchowdhury A, Ljungman P. Different recovery patterns of CMV-specific and WT1-specific T cells in patients with acute myeloid leukemia undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation: Impact of CMV infection and leukemia relapse. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1027593. [PMID: 36824620 PMCID: PMC9941532 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1027593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
In allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HSCT), both virus-specific T cells and leukemia-specific T cells need to be reconstituted to protect patients from virus infections and primary disease relapse. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection remains an important cause of morbidity and mortality after allo-HSCT. Emerging data indicate that CMV reactivation is associated with reduced risk of leukemia relapse in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) undergoing allo-HSCT. In a cohort of 24 WT1+ AML patients during the first year following HSCT, CMV specific CD8+ T cells (CMV-CTL) reconstituted much faster than WT1-specific CD8+ T cell (WT1-CTL) after allo-SCT. Moreover, CMV-CTL expressed lower levels of exhaustion markers and were more functional as identified by production of IFN-γ/TNF-α and expression of Eomes/T-bet. Interestingly, our patients with CMV reactivation presented higher frequency of CMV-CTL, lower levels of Eomes+T-bet- and higher levels of Eomes+T-bet+ expression in response to WT1 and CMV pp65 antigen during the first year after transplantation as compared to patients without CMV reactivation. Kinetics of CMV-CTL and WT1-CTL after transplantation might be associated with measurable residual disease and later leukemia relapse. Our results support that CMV reactivation, aside from the CMV-CTL reconstitution, could influence WT1-CTL reconstitution after allo-HSCT, thus potentially contributing to the remission/relapse of AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Hua Luo
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Thomas Poiret
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Zhenjiang Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Qingda Meng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Per Ljungman
- Department of Cellular Therapy and Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation, Karolinska University Hospital and Division of Hematology, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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23
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Li M, Garforth SJ, O’Connor KE, Su H, Lee DM, Celikgil A, Chaparro RJ, Seidel RD, Jones RB, Arav-Boger R, Almo SC, Goldstein H. T cell receptor-targeted immunotherapeutics drive selective in vivo HIV- and CMV-specific T cell expansion in humanized mice. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:e141051. [PMID: 34673568 PMCID: PMC8631598 DOI: 10.1172/jci141051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
To delineate the in vivo role of different costimulatory signals in activating and expanding highly functional virus-specific cytotoxic CD8+ T cells, we designed synTacs, infusible biologics that recapitulate antigen-specific T cell activation signals delivered by antigen-presenting cells. We constructed synTacs consisting of dimeric Fc-domain scaffolds linking CD28- or 4-1BB-specific ligands to HLA-A2 MHC molecules covalently tethered to HIV- or CMV-derived peptides. Treatment of HIV-infected donor PBMCs with synTacs bearing HIV- or CMV-derived peptides induced vigorous and selective ex vivo expansion of highly functional HIV- and/or CMV-specific CD8+ T cells, respectively, with potent antiviral activities. Intravenous injection of HIV- or CMV-specific synTacs into immunodeficient mice intrasplenically engrafted with donor PBMCs markedly and selectively expanded HIV-specific (32-fold) or CMV-specific (46-fold) human CD8+ T cells populating their spleens. Notably, these expanded HIV- or CMV-specific CD8+ T cells directed potent in vivo suppression of HIV or CMV infections in the humanized mice, providing strong rationale for consideration of synTac-based approaches as a therapeutic strategy to cure HIV and treat CMV and other viral infections. The synTac platform flexibility supports facile delineation of in vivo effects of different costimulatory signals on patient-derived virus-specific CD8+ T cells, enabling optimization of individualized therapies, including HIV cure strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyan Li
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology
- Department of Pediatrics, and
| | - Scott J. Garforth
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Hang Su
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology
| | | | - Alev Celikgil
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | | | | | - R. Brad Jones
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ravit Arav-Boger
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Steven C. Almo
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Harris Goldstein
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology
- Department of Pediatrics, and
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24
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Li W, Zhou Y, Wu Z, Shi Y, Tian E, Zhu Y, Wang T, Dou W, Meng X, Chen M, Zhai B, Zhu D. Targeting Wnt Signaling in the Tumor Immune Microenvironment to Enhancing EpCAM CAR T-Cell therapy. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:724306. [PMID: 34790117 PMCID: PMC8591126 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.724306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) patients are still lacking viable treatments. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells have shown promise in hematologic malignancies, but their efficacy in solid tumors has been limited due to the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. We found that cancer antigen- EpCAM expression increased in the metastatic stage compared with the primary stage in cancers and the activation of Wnt and TGFβ pathways was positively correlated with EpCAM expression in multiple cancers, including colorectal cancer. We constructed CAR T cells targeting EpCAM that successfully showed selective cytotoxicity in highly EpCAM-expressing cancer cell lines. The combination of EpCAM CAR-T with the Wnt inhibitor-hsBCL9CT-24 displayed synergetic effect against EpCAM-positive colon cells in vitro and also in vivo. A mechanistic study showed that hsBCL9CT-24 treatment could modulate the tumor environment and improve infiltration of T cells, while possibly promoting the effector T cells at the early stages and postponing the exhaustion of CAR T cells at advanced stages. Overall, these results demonstrated that the combination of EpCAM CAR T-cell therapy with the Wnt inhibitor can overcome the limitations of CAR T cells in treating solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weizhen Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Taizhou, China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Taixing Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Taizhou, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhongen Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yaoping Shi
- Department of Interventional Oncology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Enming Tian
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingqi Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Interventional Oncology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Dou
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiangjing Meng
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Science, Jinan, China
| | - Ming Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Taizhou, China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Taixing Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Taizhou, China
| | - Bo Zhai
- Department of Interventional Oncology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Di Zhu
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of ImmunoTherapeutics, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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25
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Zhang J, Le Gras S, Pouxvielh K, Faure F, Fallone L, Kern N, Moreews M, Mathieu AL, Schneider R, Marliac Q, Jung M, Berton A, Hayek S, Vidalain PO, Marçais A, Dodard G, Dejean A, Brossay L, Ghavi-Helm Y, Walzer T. Sequential actions of EOMES and T-BET promote stepwise maturation of natural killer cells. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5446. [PMID: 34521844 PMCID: PMC8440589 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25758-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
EOMES and T-BET are related T-box transcription factors that control natural killer (NK) cell development. Here we demonstrate that EOMES and T-BET regulate largely distinct gene sets during this process. EOMES is dominantly expressed in immature NK cells and drives early lineage specification by inducing hallmark receptors and functions. By contrast, T-BET is dominant in mature NK cells, where it induces responsiveness to IL-12 and represses the cell cycle, likely through transcriptional repressors. Regardless, many genes with distinct functions are co-regulated by the two transcription factors. By generating two gene-modified mice facilitating chromatin immunoprecipitation of endogenous EOMES and T-BET, we show a strong overlap in their DNA binding targets, as well as extensive epigenetic changes during NK cell differentiation. Our data thus suggest that EOMES and T-BET may distinctly govern, via differential expression and co-factors recruitment, NK cell maturation by inserting partially overlapping epigenetic regulations.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Base Sequence
- Bone Marrow Cells/cytology
- Bone Marrow Cells/immunology
- CD11b Antigen/genetics
- CD11b Antigen/immunology
- Cell Cycle/drug effects
- Cell Cycle/genetics
- Cell Cycle/immunology
- Cell Differentiation
- Cell Lineage/drug effects
- Cell Lineage/genetics
- Cell Lineage/immunology
- Epigenesis, Genetic/immunology
- Interleukin-12/pharmacology
- Killer Cells, Natural/cytology
- Killer Cells, Natural/drug effects
- Killer Cells, Natural/immunology
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Transgenic
- Promoter Regions, Genetic
- Protein Binding
- Spleen/cytology
- Spleen/immunology
- T-Box Domain Proteins/deficiency
- T-Box Domain Proteins/genetics
- T-Box Domain Proteins/immunology
- Transcription, Genetic
- Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Superfamily, Member 7/genetics
- Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Superfamily, Member 7/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Zhang
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Univ Lyon, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, F-69007, Lyon, France
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Stéphanie Le Gras
- IGBMC, CNRS UMR7104, Inserm U1258, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
- Plateforme GenomEast, infrastructure France Génomique, Illkirch, France
| | - Kevin Pouxvielh
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Univ Lyon, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, F-69007, Lyon, France
| | - Fabrice Faure
- Institut NeuroMyoGène, INSERM U1217/CNRS UMR5310, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard, Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Lucie Fallone
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Univ Lyon, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, F-69007, Lyon, France
| | - Nicolas Kern
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Univ Lyon, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, F-69007, Lyon, France
| | - Marion Moreews
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Univ Lyon, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, F-69007, Lyon, France
| | - Anne-Laure Mathieu
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Univ Lyon, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, F-69007, Lyon, France
| | - Raphaël Schneider
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, CNRS UMR 5242, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 46 allée d'Italie, F-69364, Lyon, France
| | - Quentin Marliac
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Univ Lyon, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, F-69007, Lyon, France
| | - Mathieu Jung
- IGBMC, CNRS UMR7104, Inserm U1258, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
- Plateforme GenomEast, infrastructure France Génomique, Illkirch, France
| | - Aurore Berton
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Univ Lyon, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, F-69007, Lyon, France
| | - Simon Hayek
- Equipe Chimie et Biologie, Modélisation et Immunologie pour la Thérapie (CBMIT), Université Paris Descartes, CNRS UMR 8601, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Pierre-Olivier Vidalain
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Univ Lyon, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, F-69007, Lyon, France
- Equipe Chimie et Biologie, Modélisation et Immunologie pour la Thérapie (CBMIT), Université Paris Descartes, CNRS UMR 8601, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Antoine Marçais
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Univ Lyon, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, F-69007, Lyon, France
| | - Garvin Dodard
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Division of Biology and Medicine, Brown University Alpert Medical School, Providence, RI, 02912, USA
| | - Anne Dejean
- Institut Toulousain des Maladies Infectieuses et Inflammatoires (Infinity), INSERM UMR1291 - CNRS UMR5051 - Université Toulouse III, Toulouse, France
| | - Laurent Brossay
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Division of Biology and Medicine, Brown University Alpert Medical School, Providence, RI, 02912, USA
| | - Yad Ghavi-Helm
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, CNRS UMR 5242, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 46 allée d'Italie, F-69364, Lyon, France
| | - Thierry Walzer
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Univ Lyon, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, F-69007, Lyon, France.
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26
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Zhang J, Lyu T, Cao Y, Feng H. Role of TCF-1 in differentiation, exhaustion, and memory of CD8 + T cells: A review. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21549. [PMID: 33913198 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202002566r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
T cell factor-1 (TCF-1) (encoded by the TCF7 gene) is a transcription factor that plays important role during the T cell development and differentiation for T cell to exercise its functions including producing memory T cells. Not only TCF-1 can modulate the T cell development but also exerts various effects on the differentiation and function of mature CD8+ T cells. In addition, it drives the production and maintenance of the immune response of CD8+ T cells after PD-1 checkpoint blockade therapy. TCF-1 can serve as a potential target of immunotherapy and may provide promising novel treatment strategies for patients with cancer and infections. Moreover, TCF-1 is a potential biomarker of CD8+ T cell functionality to predict the efficacy of immunotherapy in fighting against cancer and infections. Herein, we summarize the role of TCF-1 in T cell development and its applications in the treatment of cancer and infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxue Zhang
- The First Clinical Medicine Faculty, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Tong Lyu
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yaming Cao
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Hui Feng
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
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27
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Opstelten R, Suwandi JS, Slot MC, Morgana F, Scott AM, Laban S, Nikolic T, Turksma AW, Kroeze A, Voermans C, Zwaginga JJ, Roep BO, Amsen D. GPA33 is expressed on multiple human blood cell types and distinguishes CD4 + central memory T cells with and without effector function. Eur J Immunol 2021; 51:1377-1389. [PMID: 33728639 PMCID: PMC8251590 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202048744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The Ig superfamily protein glycoprotein A33 (GPA33) has been implicated in immune dysregulation, but little is known about its expression in the immune compartment. Here, we comprehensively determined GPA33 expression patterns on human blood leukocyte subsets, using mass and flow cytometry. We found that GPA33 was expressed on fractions of B, dendritic, natural killer and innate lymphoid cells. Most prominent expression was found in the CD4+ T cell compartment. Naïve and CXCR5+ regulatory T cells were GPA33high, and naïve conventional CD4+ T cells expressed intermediate GPA33 levels. The expression pattern of GPA33 identified functional heterogeneity within the CD4+ central memory T cell (Tcm) population. GPA33+ CD4+ Tcm cells were fully undifferentiated, bona fide Tcm cells that lack immediate effector function, whereas GPA33– Tcm cells exhibited rapid effector functions and may represent an early stage of differentiation into effector/effector memory T cells before loss of CD62L. Expression of GPA33 in conventional CD4+ T cells suggests a role in localization and/or preservation of an undifferentiated state. These results form a basis to study the function of GPA33 and show it to be a useful marker to discriminate between different cellular subsets, especially in the CD4+ T cell lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rianne Opstelten
- Department of Hematopoiesis and Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jessica S Suwandi
- Immunomodulation and Regenerative Cell Therapy, Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Manon C Slot
- Department of Hematopoiesis and Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Florencia Morgana
- Department of Hematopoiesis and Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Andrew M Scott
- Tumour Targeting Laboratory, Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, and School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sandra Laban
- Immunomodulation and Regenerative Cell Therapy, Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Tatjana Nikolic
- Immunomodulation and Regenerative Cell Therapy, Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Annelies W Turksma
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Anna Kroeze
- Department of Hematopoiesis and Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Carlijn Voermans
- Department of Hematopoiesis and Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jaap-Jan Zwaginga
- Immunomodulation and Regenerative Cell Therapy, Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands.,Sanquin Research, Center for Clinical Transfusion Research and Jon J van Rood Center for Clinical Transfusion Science, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Bart O Roep
- Immunomodulation and Regenerative Cell Therapy, Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands.,Department of Diabetes Immunology, Diabetes & Metabolism Research Institute at the Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Derk Amsen
- Department of Hematopoiesis and Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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28
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McLane LM, Ngiow SF, Chen Z, Attanasio J, Manne S, Ruthel G, Wu JE, Staupe RP, Xu W, Amaravadi RK, Xu X, Karakousis GC, Mitchell TC, Schuchter LM, Huang AC, Freedman BD, Betts MR, Wherry EJ. Role of nuclear localization in the regulation and function of T-bet and Eomes in exhausted CD8 T cells. Cell Rep 2021; 35:109120. [PMID: 33979613 PMCID: PMC8195461 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcription factors T-bet and Eomesodermin (Eomes) regulate CD8 T cell exhaustion through undefined mechanisms. Here, we show that the subcellular localization of T-bet and Eomes dictate their regulatory activity in exhausted T cells (TEXs). TEXs had a higher ratio of nuclear Eomes:T-bet than memory T cells (TMEMs) during chronic lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) infection in preclinical cancer models and in human tumors. Biochemically, T-bet and Eomes compete for the same DNA sequences, including the Pdcd1 T-box. High nuclear T-bet strongly represses Pdcd1 transcription in TMEM, whereas low nuclear T-bet in TEX leads to a dominant effect of Eomes that acts as a weaker repressor of Pdcd1. Blocking PD-1 signaling in TEXs increases nuclear T-bet, restoring stronger repression of Pdcd1, and driving T-bet-associated gene expression programs of chemotaxis, homing, and activation. These data identify a mechanism whereby the T-bet-Eomes axis regulates exhaustion through their nuclear localization, providing insights into how these transcription factors regulate TEX biology. McLane et al. demonstrate that T-bet and Eomes expression contributes to exhaustion, but also their nuclear localization, and therefore functional activity, plays a key role. PD-1 blockade restores nuclear T-bet and promotes T cell homing and activation through direct competition with Eomes at gene promoters, such as Pdcd1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura M McLane
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Shin Foong Ngiow
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Zeyu Chen
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - John Attanasio
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Sasikanth Manne
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Gordon Ruthel
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jennifer E Wu
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ryan P Staupe
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Wei Xu
- Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ravi K Amaravadi
- Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Xiaowei Xu
- Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Giorgos C Karakousis
- Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Tara C Mitchell
- Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Lynn M Schuchter
- Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Alexander C Huang
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Bruce D Freedman
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Pathobiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Michael R Betts
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - E John Wherry
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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29
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Chung HK, McDonald B, Kaech SM. The architectural design of CD8+ T cell responses in acute and chronic infection: Parallel structures with divergent fates. J Exp Med 2021; 218:e20201730. [PMID: 33755719 PMCID: PMC7992501 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20201730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In response to infection, T cells adopt a range of differentiation states, creating numerous heterogeneous subsets that exhibit different phenotypes, functions, and migration patterns. This T cell heterogeneity is a universal feature of T cell immunity, needed to effectively control pathogens in a context-dependent manner and generate long-lived immunity to those pathogens. Here, we review new insights into differentiation state dynamics and population heterogeneity of CD8+ T cells in acute and chronic viral infections and cancer and highlight the parallels and distinctions between acute and chronic antigen stimulation settings. We focus on transcriptional and epigenetic networks that modulate the plasticity and terminal differentiation of antigen-specific CD8+ T cells and generate functionally diverse T cell subsets with different roles to combat infection and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. Kay Chung
- NOMIS Center for Immunobiology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA
| | - Bryan McDonald
- NOMIS Center for Immunobiology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Susan M. Kaech
- NOMIS Center for Immunobiology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA
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30
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Zhao L, Wang Q, Zhou B, Zhang L, Zhu H. The Role of Immune Cells in the Pathogenesis of Idiopathic Inflammatory Myopathies. Aging Dis 2021; 12:247-260. [PMID: 33532139 PMCID: PMC7801271 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2020.0410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIMs) are chronic autoimmune disorders involving multiple organs, such as the muscle, skin, lungs and joints. Although the detailed pathogenesis of IIMs remains unclear, immune mechanisms have long been recognised as of key importance. Immune cells contribute to many inflammatory processes via intercellular interactions and secretion of inflammatory factors, and many studies have demonstrated the participation of a variety of immune cells, such as T cells and B cells, in the development of IIMs. Here, we summarise the current knowledge regarding immune cells in IIM patients and discuss their potential roles in IIM pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Zhao
- Department of Rheumatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Radiology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital and The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - Bin Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
| | - Lihua Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital and The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - Honglin Zhu
- Department of Rheumatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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31
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He H, Yi Y, Cai X, Wang J, Ni X, Fu Y, Qiu S. Down-regulation of EOMES drives T-cell exhaustion via abolishing EOMES-mediated repression of inhibitory receptors of T cells in liver cancer. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 25:161-169. [PMID: 33325636 PMCID: PMC7810931 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
T‐cell exhaustion is one of the hallmarks in cancer, but the mechanisms underlying T‐cell dysregulation remains unclear. Here, we reported that down‐regulation of transcription factor EOMES contributed to increased levels of inhibitory receptors in T cell among the tumour tissues and resulted in the poor prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). By analysing the correlation between EOMES in tumour‐infiltrating T cells and the clinical features, we demonstrated that the EOMES was related to the advanced stage and poor prognosis of HCC. Further mechanistic studies revealed that the EOMES mainly expressed in the CD8+ T cells and were down‐regulated in tumour samples. Moreover, we demonstrated that the EOMES directly bound at the transcriptional regulatory regions of the key inhibitory factors including PD‐1, CTAL‐4 and CD39, and lower levels of EOMES contributed to overexpression of these factors in T cells. Together, our studies provide new insight into the transcriptional deregulation of the inhibitory receptors on T cells during the tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei He
- General Surgery, Jinshan Branch of Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory for Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital and Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong Yi
- Key Laboratory for Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital and Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyan Cai
- General Surgery, Shanghai Pudong Gongli Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiaxing Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaochun Ni
- General Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yipeng Fu
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuangjian Qiu
- Key Laboratory for Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital and Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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32
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The Identity of Human Tissue-Emigrant CD8 + T Cells. Cell 2020; 183:1946-1961.e15. [PMID: 33306960 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Lymphocyte migration is essential for adaptive immune surveillance. However, our current understanding of this process is rudimentary, because most human studies have been restricted to immunological analyses of blood and various tissues. To address this knowledge gap, we used an integrated approach to characterize tissue-emigrant lineages in thoracic duct lymph (TDL). The most prevalent immune cells in human and non-human primate efferent lymph were T cells. Cytolytic CD8+ T cell subsets with effector-like epigenetic and transcriptional signatures were clonotypically skewed and selectively confined to the intravascular circulation, whereas non-cytolytic CD8+ T cell subsets with stem-like epigenetic and transcriptional signatures predominated in tissues and TDL. Moreover, these anatomically distinct gene expression profiles were recapitulated within individual clonotypes, suggesting parallel differentiation programs independent of the expressed antigen receptor. Our collective dataset provides an atlas of the migratory immune system and defines the nature of tissue-emigrant CD8+ T cells that recirculate via TDL.
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33
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Bhattacharya P, Ellegård R, Khalid M, Svanberg C, Govender M, Keita ÅV, Söderholm JD, Myrelid P, Shankar EM, Nyström S, Larsson M. Complement opsonization of HIV affects primary infection of human colorectal mucosa and subsequent activation of T cells. eLife 2020; 9:e57869. [PMID: 32876566 PMCID: PMC7492089 DOI: 10.7554/elife.57869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
HIV transmission via genital and colorectal mucosa are the most common routes of dissemination. Here, we explored the effects of free and complement-opsonized HIV on colorectal tissue. Initially, there was higher antiviral responses in the free HIV compared to complement-opsonized virus. The mucosal transcriptional response at 24 hr revealed the involvement of activated T cells, which was mirrored in cellular responses observed at 96 hr in isolated mucosal T cells. Further, HIV exposure led to skewing of T cell phenotypes predominantly to inflammatory CD4+ T cells, that is Th17 and Th1Th17 subsets. Of note, HIV exposure created an environment that altered the CD8+ T cell phenotype, for example expression of regulatory factors, especially when the virions were opsonized with complement factors. Our findings suggest that HIV-opsonization alters the activation and signaling pathways in the colorectal mucosa, which promotes viral establishment by creating an environment that stimulates mucosal T cell activation and inflammatory Th cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradyot Bhattacharya
- Division of Molecular Medicine and Virology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping UniversityLinköpingSweden
| | - Rada Ellegård
- Division of Molecular Medicine and Virology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping UniversityLinköpingSweden
| | - Mohammad Khalid
- Division of Molecular Medicine and Virology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping UniversityLinköpingSweden
| | - Cecilia Svanberg
- Division of Molecular Medicine and Virology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping UniversityLinköpingSweden
| | - Melissa Govender
- Division of Molecular Medicine and Virology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping UniversityLinköpingSweden
| | - Åsa V Keita
- Division of Surgery, Orthopedics and Oncology, Linköping UniversityLinköpingSweden
| | - Johan D Söderholm
- Division of Surgery, Orthopedics and Oncology, Linköping UniversityLinköpingSweden
| | - Pär Myrelid
- Division of Surgery, Orthopedics and Oncology, Linköping UniversityLinköpingSweden
| | - Esaki M Shankar
- Center of Excellence for Research in AIDS (CERiA), University of Malaya, Lembah PantaiKuala LumpurMalaysia
- Division of Infection Biology and Medical Microbiology, Department of Life Sciences, Central University of Tamil NaduThiruvarurIndia
| | - Sofia Nyström
- Division of Molecular Medicine and Virology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping UniversityLinköpingSweden
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine and Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping UniversityLinköpingSweden
| | - Marie Larsson
- Division of Molecular Medicine and Virology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping UniversityLinköpingSweden
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34
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Crepeau RL, Ford ML. Programmed T cell differentiation: Implications for transplantation. Cell Immunol 2020; 351:104099. [PMID: 32247511 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2020.104099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
While T cells play a critical role in protective immunity against infection, they are also responsible for graft rejection in the setting of transplantation. T cell differentiation is regulated by both intrinsic transcriptional pathways as well as extrinsic factors such as antigen encounter and the cytokine milieu. Herein, we review recent discoveries in the transcriptional regulation of T cell differentiation and their impact on the field of transplantation. Recent studies uncovering context-dependent differentiation programs that differ in the setting of infection or transplantation will also be discussed. Understanding the key transcriptional pathways that underlie T cell responses in transplantation has important clinical implications, including development of novel therapeutic agents to mitigate graft rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L Crepeau
- Emory Transplant Center, Department of Surgery, Emory University, 101 Woodruff Circle, Suite 5208, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States
| | - Mandy L Ford
- Emory Transplant Center, Department of Surgery, Emory University, 101 Woodruff Circle, Suite 5208, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States.
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35
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Pritchard GH, Kedl RM, Hunter CA. The evolving role of T-bet in resistance to infection. Nat Rev Immunol 2020; 19:398-410. [PMID: 30846856 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-019-0145-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The identification of T-bet as a key transcription factor associated with the development of IFNγ-producing CD4+ T cells predicted a crucial role for T-bet in cell-mediated immunity and in resistance to many intracellular infections. This idea was reinforced by initial reports showing that T-bet-deficient mice were more susceptible to pathogens that survived within the lysosomal system of macrophages. However, subsequent studies revealed IFNγ-dependent, T-bet-independent pathways of resistance to diverse classes of microorganisms that occupy other intracellular niches. Consequently, a more complex picture has emerged of how T-bet and the related transcription factor eomesodermin (EOMES) coordinate many facets of the immune response to bona fide pathogens as well as commensals. This article provides an overview of the discovery and evolutionary relationship between T-bet and EOMES and highlights the studies that have uncovered broader functions of T-bet in innate and adaptive immunity and in the development of the effector and memory T cell populations that mediate long-term resistance to infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gretchen Harms Pritchard
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ross M Kedl
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Christopher A Hunter
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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36
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Trisomy 21 dysregulates T cell lineages toward an autoimmunity-prone state associated with interferon hyperactivity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:24231-24241. [PMID: 31699819 PMCID: PMC6883781 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1908129116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Triplication of human chromosome 21, or trisomy 21 (T21), causes the condition known as Down syndrome (DS). People with DS show a markedly different disease spectrum relative to typical people, being highly predisposed to conditions such as Alzheimer’s disease, while being protected from other conditions, such as most solid malignancies. Interestingly, people with DS are affected by high rates of autoimmune disorders, whereby the immune system mistakenly attacks healthy tissues. This manuscript reports an exhaustive characterization of the T cells of people with DS, demonstrating many alterations in this key immune cell type that could explain their high risk of autoimmunity. These results reveal opportunities for therapeutic intervention to modulate T cell function and improve health outcomes in DS. Trisomy 21 (T21) causes Down syndrome (DS), a condition characterized by high prevalence of autoimmune disorders. However, the molecular and cellular mechanisms driving this phenotype remain unclear. Building upon our previous finding that T cells from people with DS show increased expression of interferon (IFN)-stimulated genes, we have completed a comprehensive characterization of the peripheral T cell compartment in adults with DS with and without autoimmune conditions. CD8+ T cells from adults with DS are depleted of naïve subsets and enriched for differentiated subsets, express higher levels of markers of activation and senescence (e.g., IFN-γ, Granzyme B, PD-1, KLRG1), and overproduce cytokines tied to autoimmunity (e.g., TNF-α). Conventional CD4+ T cells display increased differentiation, polarization toward the Th1 and Th1/17 states, and overproduction of the autoimmunity-related cytokines IL-17A and IL-22. Plasma cytokine analysis confirms elevation of multiple autoimmunity-related cytokines (e.g., TNF-α, IL17A–D, IL-22) in people with DS, independent of diagnosis of autoimmunity. Although Tregs are more abundant in DS, functional assays show that CD8+ and CD4+ effector T cells with T21 are resistant to Treg-mediated suppression, regardless of Treg karyotype. Transcriptome analysis of white blood cells and T cells reveals strong signatures of T cell differentiation and activation that correlate positively with IFN hyperactivity. Finally, mass cytometry analysis of 8 IFN-inducible phosphoepitopes demonstrates that T cell subsets with T21 show elevated levels of basal IFN signaling and hypersensitivity to IFN-α stimulation. Therefore, these results point to T cell dysregulation associated with IFN hyperactivity as a contributor to autoimmunity in DS.
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37
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Perdomo-Celis F, Taborda NA, Rugeles MT. CD8 + T-Cell Response to HIV Infection in the Era of Antiretroviral Therapy. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1896. [PMID: 31447862 PMCID: PMC6697065 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) has decreased the deaths associated with the immune deficiency acquired syndrome (AIDS), non-AIDS conditions have emerged as an important cause of morbidity and mortality in HIV-infected patients under suppressive cART. Since these conditions are associated with a persistent inflammatory and immune activation state, major efforts are currently made to improve the immune reconstitution. CD8+ T-cells are critical in the natural and cART-induced control of viral replication; however, CD8+ T-cells are highly affected by the persistent immune activation and exhaustion state driven by the increased antigenic and inflammatory burden during HIV infection, inducing phenotypic and functional alterations, and hampering their antiviral response. Several CD8+ T-cell subsets, such as interleukin-17-producing and follicular CXCR5+ CD8+ T-cells, could play a particular role during HIV infection by promoting the gut barrier integrity, and exerting viral control in lymphoid follicles, respectively. Here, we discuss the role of CD8+ T-cells and some of their subpopulations during HIV infection in the context of cART-induced viral suppression, focusing on current challenges and alternatives for reaching complete reconstitution of CD8+ T-cells antiviral function. We also address the potential usefulness of CD8+ T-cell features to identify patients who will reach immune reconstitution or have a higher risk for developing non-AIDS conditions. Finally, we examine the therapeutic potential of CD8+ T-cells for HIV cure strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Perdomo-Celis
- Grupo Inmunovirología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia
| | - Natalia A Taborda
- Grupo Inmunovirología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia.,Grupo de Investigaciones Biomédicas Uniremington, Programa de Medicina, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Corporación Universitaria Remington, Medellin, Colombia
| | - Maria T Rugeles
- Grupo Inmunovirología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia
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38
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Phetsouphanh C, Aldridge D, Marchi E, Munier CML, Meyerowitz J, Murray L, Van Vuuren C, Goedhals D, Fidler S, Kelleher A, Klenerman P, Frater J. Maintenance of Functional CD57+ Cytolytic CD4+ T Cells in HIV+ Elite Controllers. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1844. [PMID: 31440240 PMCID: PMC6694780 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytolytic CD4+ T cells play a prominent role in chronic viral infection. CD4+ CTLs clones specific for HIV-1 Nef and Gag are capable of killing HIV-1 infected CD4+ T cells and macrophages. Additionally, HIV-specific cytolytic CD4+ T cell responses in acute HIV infection are predictive of disease progression. CD57 expression on CD4s identifies cytolytic cells. These cells were dramatically increased in chronic HIV infection. CD57 expression correlated with cytolytic granules, granzyme B and perforin expression. They express lower CCR5 compared to CD57- cells, have less HIV total DNA, and were a minor component of the HIV reservoir. A small percentage of CD57+ CD4+ CTLs from EC were HIV-specific, could upregulate IFNγ with Gag peptide stimulation, express cytolytic granule markers and maintain TbethighEomes+ transcription factor phenotype. This was not observed in viraemic controllers. The maintenance of HIV-specific CD4 cytolytic function in Elite controllers together with CD8 CTLs may be important for the control of HIV viraemia and of potential relevance to cure strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel Aldridge
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Emanuele Marchi
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - C. Mee Ling Munier
- Department of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jodi Meyerowitz
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Lyle Murray
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Dominique Goedhals
- National Health Laboratory Service, Division of Virology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | | | - Anthony Kelleher
- Department of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Paul Klenerman
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - John Frater
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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39
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Khan A, Bakhru P, Saikolappan S, Das K, Soudani E, Singh CR, Estrella JL, Zhang D, Pasare C, Ma Y, Sun J, Wang J, Hunter RL, Tony Eissa N, Dhandayuthapani S, Jagannath C. An autophagy-inducing and TLR-2 activating BCG vaccine induces a robust protection against tuberculosis in mice. NPJ Vaccines 2019; 4:34. [PMID: 31396406 PMCID: PMC6683161 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-019-0122-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium bovis BCG is widely used as a vaccine against tuberculosis due to M. tuberculosis (Mtb), which kills millions of people each year. BCG variably protects children, but not adults against tuberculosis. BCG evades phagosome maturation, autophagy, and reduces MHC-II expression of antigen-presenting cells (APCs) affecting T-cell activation. To bypass these defects, an autophagy-inducing, TLR-2 activating C5 peptide from Mtb-derived CFP-10 protein was overexpressed in BCG in combination with Ag85B. Recombinant BCG85C5 induced a robust MHC-II-dependent antigen presentation to CD4 T cells in vitro, and elicited stronger TH1 cytokines (IL-12, IL-1β, and TNFα) from APCs of C57Bl/6 mice increasing phosphorylation of p38MAPK and ERK. BCG85C5 also enhanced MHC-II surface expression of MΦs by inhibiting MARCH1 ubiquitin ligase that degrades MHC-II. BCG85C5 infected APCs from MyD88 or TLR-2 knockout mice showed decreased antigen presentation. Furthermore, BCG85C5 induced LC3-dependent autophagy in macrophages increasing antigen presentation. Consistent with in vitro effects, BCG85C5 markedly expanded both effector and central memory T cells in C57Bl/6 mice protecting them against both primary aerosol infection with Mtb and reinfection, but was less effective among TLR-2 knockout mice. Thus, BCG85C5 induces stronger and longer lasting immunity, and is better than BCG against tuberculosis of mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arshad Khan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Texas Health Sciences Center, Houston, TX USA
| | - Pearl Bakhru
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Texas Health Sciences Center, Houston, TX USA
| | - Sankaralingam Saikolappan
- Molecular and Translational Medicine, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, TX USA
| | - Kishore Das
- Molecular and Translational Medicine, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, TX USA
| | - Emily Soudani
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Texas Health Sciences Center, Houston, TX USA
| | - Christopher R. Singh
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Texas Health Sciences Center, Houston, TX USA
| | - Jaymie L. Estrella
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Texas Health Sciences Center, Houston, TX USA
| | - Dekai Zhang
- Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Houston, TX USA
| | - Chandrashekhar Pasare
- Division of Immunobiology, Center for Inflammation and Tolerance, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229 USA
| | - Yue Ma
- Department of Biological Sciences and Border Biomedical Research Center, University of Texas at El Paso, Houston, TX USA
| | - Jianjun Sun
- Department of Biological Sciences and Border Biomedical Research Center, University of Texas at El Paso, Houston, TX USA
| | - Jin Wang
- Methodist Hospital Research Institute, Houston, TX USA
| | - Robert L. Hunter
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Texas Health Sciences Center, Houston, TX USA
| | | | - Subramanian Dhandayuthapani
- Molecular and Translational Medicine, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, TX USA
| | - Chinnaswamy Jagannath
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Texas Health Sciences Center, Houston, TX USA
- Methodist Hospital Research Institute, Houston, TX USA
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40
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Although checkpoint inhibitor blockade is now widely used clinically for cancer immunotherapy, the reverse process, (i.e. induction of checkpoints to slow autoimmunity) has not been extensively explored. CD8 T-cell exhaustion is a state of immune hyporesponsiveness that may be harnessed to treat autoimmunity. RECENT FINDINGS We focus on the potential role of CD8 T-cell exhaustion as a mechanism of peripheral tolerance in T1D and its therapeutic implications. SUMMARY CD8 T-cell exhaustion is a continuum in which cells change from precursor to terminally exhausted cells. Current thinking based on studies in cancer and chronic viral infection invokes a three-signal model for development of T-cell exhaustion, with persistent antigen, negative costimulatory signals and chronic inflammation comprising signals 1-3, respectively. Transcriptional signatures of CD8 T-cell exhaustion were associated with better prognosis across several autoimmune diseases, most profoundly in systemic diseases. In T1D, CD8 exhaustion was promoted by treatment with anti-CD3 therapy (teplizumab) and was more evident in islet-specific CD8 T cells of slow progressors, suggesting a beneficial role in T1D also. Thus, we apply this three-step process of exhaustion to discuss potential treatments to augment CD8 T-cell exhaustion in T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - S. Alice Long
- Translational Research Program, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, Washington, USA
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41
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Carossino M, Dini P, Kalbfleisch TS, Loynachan AT, Canisso IF, Cook RF, Timoney PJ, Balasuriya UBR. Equine arteritis virus long-term persistence is orchestrated by CD8+ T lymphocyte transcription factors, inhibitory receptors, and the CXCL16/CXCR6 axis. PLoS Pathog 2019; 15:e1007950. [PMID: 31356622 PMCID: PMC6692045 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Equine arteritis virus (EAV) has the unique ability to establish long-term persistent infection in the reproductive tract of stallions and be sexually transmitted. Previous studies showed that long-term persistent infection is associated with a specific allele of the CXCL16 gene (CXCL16S) and that persistence is maintained despite the presence of local inflammatory and humoral and mucosal antibody responses. Here, we performed transcriptomic analysis of the ampullae, the primary site of EAV persistence in long-term EAV carrier stallions, to understand the molecular signatures of viral persistence. We demonstrated that the local CD8+ T lymphocyte response is predominantly orchestrated by the transcription factors eomesodermin (EOMES) and nuclear factor of activated T-cells cytoplasmic 2 (NFATC2), which is likely modulated by the upregulation of inhibitory receptors. Most importantly, EAV persistence is associated with an enhanced expression of CXCL16 and CXCR6 by infiltrating lymphocytes, providing evidence of the implication of this chemokine axis in the pathogenesis of persistent EAV infection in the stallion reproductive tract. Furthermore, we have established a link between the CXCL16 genotype and the gene expression profile in the ampullae of the stallion reproductive tract. Specifically, CXCL16 acts as a "hub" gene likely driving a specific transcriptional network. The findings herein are novel and strongly suggest that RNA viruses such as EAV could exploit the CXCL16/CXCR6 axis in order to modulate local inflammatory and immune responses in the male reproductive tract by inducing a dysfunctional CD8+ T lymphocyte response and unique lymphocyte homing in the reproductive tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariano Carossino
- Louisiana Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory and Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States of America
| | - Pouya Dini
- Maxwell H. Gluck Equine Research Center, Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States of America
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Theodore S. Kalbfleisch
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States of America
| | - Alan T. Loynachan
- University of Kentucky Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States of America
| | - Igor F. Canisso
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, and Department of Comparative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States of America
| | - R. Frank Cook
- Maxwell H. Gluck Equine Research Center, Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States of America
| | - Peter J. Timoney
- Maxwell H. Gluck Equine Research Center, Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States of America
| | - Udeni B. R. Balasuriya
- Louisiana Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory and Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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42
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Stone NR, Gifford CA, Thomas R, Pratt KJB, Samse-Knapp K, Mohamed TMA, Radzinsky EM, Schricker A, Ye L, Yu P, van Bemmel JG, Ivey KN, Pollard KS, Srivastava D. Context-Specific Transcription Factor Functions Regulate Epigenomic and Transcriptional Dynamics during Cardiac Reprogramming. Cell Stem Cell 2019; 25:87-102.e9. [PMID: 31271750 PMCID: PMC6632093 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2019.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Ectopic expression of combinations of transcription factors (TFs) can drive direct lineage conversion, thereby reprogramming a somatic cell's identity. To determine the molecular mechanisms by which Gata4, Mef2c, and Tbx5 (GMT) induce conversion from a cardiac fibroblast toward an induced cardiomyocyte, we performed comprehensive transcriptomic, DNA-occupancy, and epigenomic interrogation throughout the reprogramming process. Integration of these datasets identified new TFs involved in cardiac reprogramming and revealed context-specific roles for GMT, including the ability of Mef2c and Tbx5 to independently promote chromatin remodeling at previously inaccessible sites. We also find evidence for cooperative facilitation and refinement of each TF's binding profile in a combinatorial setting. A reporter assay employing newly defined regulatory elements confirmed that binding of a single TF can be sufficient for gene activation, suggesting that co-binding events do not necessarily reflect synergy. These results shed light on fundamental mechanisms by which combinations of TFs direct lineage conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole R Stone
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Departments of Pediatrics and Biochemistry & Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Casey A Gifford
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Roddenberry Center for Stem Cell Biology and Medicine at Gladstone, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | | | | | | | - Tamer M A Mohamed
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Roddenberry Center for Stem Cell Biology and Medicine at Gladstone, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | | | | | - Lin Ye
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Pengzhi Yu
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Roddenberry Center for Stem Cell Biology and Medicine at Gladstone, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | | | - Kathryn N Ivey
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Departments of Pediatrics and Biochemistry & Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Roddenberry Center for Stem Cell Biology and Medicine at Gladstone, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Katherine S Pollard
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Chan-Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
| | - Deepak Srivastava
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Departments of Pediatrics and Biochemistry & Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Roddenberry Center for Stem Cell Biology and Medicine at Gladstone, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
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Kefalakes H, Koh C, Sidney J, Amanakis G, Sette A, Heller T, Rehermann B. Hepatitis D Virus-Specific CD8 + T Cells Have a Memory-Like Phenotype Associated With Viral Immune Escape in Patients With Chronic Hepatitis D Virus Infection. Gastroenterology 2019; 156:1805-1819.e9. [PMID: 30664876 PMCID: PMC7367679 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2019.01.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIM Hepatitis D virus (HDV) superinfection of patients with chronic HBV infection results in rapid progression to liver cirrhosis. Little is known about HDV-specific T cells and how they contribute to the antiviral immune response and liver disease pathogenesis. METHODS We isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 28 patients with chronic HDV and HBV infection, identified HDV-specific CD8+ T-cell epitopes, and characterized HDV-specific CD8+ T cells. We associated these with HDV sequence variations and clinical features of patients. RESULTS We identified 6 CD8+ T-cell epitopes; several were restricted by multiple HLA class I alleles. HDV-specific CD8+ T cells were as frequent as HBV-specific CD8+ T cells but were less frequent than T cells with specificity for cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus, or influenza virus. The ex vivo frequency of activated HDV-specific CD8+ T cells correlated with transaminase activity. CD8+ T-cell production of interferon gamma after stimulation with HDV peptides correlated inversely with HDV titer. HDV-specific CD8+ T cells did not express the terminal differentiation marker CD57, and fewer HDV-specific than Epstein-Barr virus-specific CD8+ T cells were 2B4+CD160+PD1+, a characteristic of exhausted cells. Approximately half of the HDV-specific CD8+ T cells had a memory-like PD1+CD127+TCF1hiT-betlow phenotype, which associated with HDV sequence variants with reduced HLA binding and reduced T-cell activation. CONCLUSIONS CD8+ T cells isolated from patients with chronic HDV and HBV infection recognize HDV epitopes presented by multiple HLA molecules. The subset of activated HDV-specific CD8+ T cells targets conserved epitopes and likely contributes to disease progression. The subset of memory-like HDV-specific CD8+ T cells is functional but unable to clear HDV because of the presence of escape variants. ClinicalTrials.gov, Numbers: NCT02511431, NCT00023322, NCT01495585, and NCT00001971. GenBank accession, Number: MK333199-333226.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helenie Kefalakes
- Immunology Section, Liver Diseases Branch, National
Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of
Health, DHHS, Bethesda, MD, USA (HK, visiting fellow; BR; senior investigator)
| | - Christopher Koh
- Translational Hepatology Section, Liver Diseases Branch,
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National
Institutes of Health, DHHS, Bethesda, MD, USA (CK, staff clinician; TH, senior
investigator)
| | - John Sidney
- La Jolla Institute of Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA (JS,
Scientific Associate; AS, Center Head and Division Head)
| | - Georgios Amanakis
- Laboratory of Cardiac Physiology, Cardiovascular Branch,
National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, DHHS,
Bethesda, MD, USA (GA, visiting fellow)
| | - Alessandro Sette
- La Jolla Institute of Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA (JS,
Scientific Associate; AS, Center Head and Division Head)
| | - Theo Heller
- Translational Hepatology Section, Liver Diseases Branch,
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National
Institutes of Health, DHHS, Bethesda, MD, USA (CK, staff clinician; TH, senior
investigator)
| | - Barbara Rehermann
- Immunology Section, Liver Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland.
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44
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Singel KL, Emmons TR, Khan ANMNH, Mayor PC, Shen S, Wong JT, Morrell K, Eng KH, Mark J, Bankert RB, Matsuzaki J, Koya RC, Blom AM, McLeish KR, Qu J, Ram S, Moysich KB, Abrams SI, Odunsi K, Zsiros E, Segal BH. Mature neutrophils suppress T cell immunity in ovarian cancer microenvironment. JCI Insight 2019; 4:122311. [PMID: 30730851 PMCID: PMC6483507 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.122311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) often presents with metastases and ascites. Granulocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells are an immature population that impairs antitumor immunity. Since suppressive granulocytes in the ascites of patients with newly diagnosed EOC were morphologically mature, we hypothesized that PMN were rendered suppressive in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Circulating PMN from patients were not suppressive but acquired a suppressor phenotype (defined as ≥1 log10 reduction of anti-CD3/CD28-stimulated T cell proliferation) after ascites supernatant exposure. Ascites supernatants (20 of 31 supernatants) recapitulated the suppressor phenotype in PMN from healthy donors. T cell proliferation was restored with ascites removal and restimulation. PMN suppressors also inhibited T cell activation and cytokine production. PMN suppressors completely suppressed proliferation in naive, central memory, and effector memory T cells and in engineered tumor antigen-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes, while antigen-specific cell lysis was unaffected. Inhibition of complement C3 activation and PMN effector functions, including CR3 signaling, protein synthesis, and vesicular trafficking, abrogated the PMN suppressor phenotype. Moreover, malignant effusions from patients with various metastatic cancers also induced the C3-dependent PMN suppressor phenotype. These results point to PMN impairing T cell expansion and activation in the TME and the potential for complement inhibition to abrogate this barrier to antitumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Paul C. Mayor
- Department of Surgery, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Shichen Shen
- New York State Center of Excellence Bioinformatics and Life Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | | | - Kayla Morrell
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Kevin H. Eng
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Jaron Mark
- Department of Surgery, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Richard B. Bankert
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Junko Matsuzaki
- Center for Immunotherapy, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Richard C. Koya
- Center for Immunotherapy, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Anna M. Blom
- Division of Medical Protein Chemistry, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Kenneth R. McLeish
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Jun Qu
- New York State Center of Excellence Bioinformatics and Life Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Sanjay Ram
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kirsten B. Moysich
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | | | - Kunle Odunsi
- Department of Surgery, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA
- Center for Immunotherapy, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Emese Zsiros
- Department of Surgery, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA
- Center for Immunotherapy, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Brahm H. Segal
- Department of Immunology
- Department of Internal Medicine, and
- Department of Medicine, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
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45
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Girel S, Arpin C, Marvel J, Gandrillon O, Crauste F. Model-Based Assessment of the Role of Uneven Partitioning of Molecular Content on Heterogeneity and Regulation of Differentiation in CD8 T-Cell Immune Responses. Front Immunol 2019; 10:230. [PMID: 30842771 PMCID: PMC6392104 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of naive CD8 T-cells can lead to the generation of multiple effector and memory subsets. Multiple parameters associated with activation conditions are involved in generating this diversity that is associated with heterogeneous molecular contents of activated cells. Although naive cell polarisation upon antigenic stimulation and the resulting asymmetric division are known to be a major source of heterogeneity and cell fate regulation, the consequences of stochastic uneven partitioning of molecular content upon subsequent divisions remain unclear yet. Here we aim at studying the impact of uneven partitioning on molecular-content heterogeneity and then on the immune response dynamics at the cellular level. To do so, we introduce a multiscale mathematical model of the CD8 T-cell immune response in the lymph node. In the model, cells are described as agents evolving and interacting in a 2D environment while a set of differential equations, embedded in each cell, models the regulation of intra and extracellular proteins involved in cell differentiation. Based on the analysis of in silico data at the single cell level, we show that immune response dynamics can be explained by the molecular-content heterogeneity generated by uneven partitioning at cell division. In particular, uneven partitioning acts as a regulator of cell differentiation and induces the emergence of two coexisting sub-populations of cells exhibiting antagonistic fates. We show that the degree of unevenness of molecular partitioning, along all cell divisions, affects the outcome of the immune response and can promote the generation of memory cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Girel
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5208, Institut Camille Jordan, Villeurbanne, France
- Inria, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Christophe Arpin
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Univ Lyon, Inserm, U111, Université Claude Bernard, Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Jacqueline Marvel
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Univ Lyon, Inserm, U111, Université Claude Bernard, Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Olivier Gandrillon
- Inria, Villeurbanne, France
- Univ Lyon, ENS de Lyon, Univ Claude Bernard, CNRS UMR 5239, INSERM U1210, Laboratory of Biology and Modelling of the Cell, Lyon, France
| | - Fabien Crauste
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5208, Institut Camille Jordan, Villeurbanne, France
- Inria, Villeurbanne, France
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46
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Walk J, Stok JE, Sauerwein RW. Can Patrolling Liver-Resident T Cells Control Human Malaria Parasite Development? Trends Immunol 2019; 40:186-196. [PMID: 30713008 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2019.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Recently, a population of non-recirculating, tissue-resident memory CD8+ T cells has been identified; cells that seems to act as key sentinels for invading microorganisms with enhanced effector functions. In malaria, the liver represents the first site for parasite development before a definite infection is established in circulating red blood cells. Here, we discuss the evidence obtained from animal models on several diseases and hypothesize that liver-resident memory CD8+ T cells (hepatic TRM) play a critical role in providing protective liver-stage immunity against Plasmodium malaria parasites. Although observations in human malaria trials are limited to peripheral blood, we propose recommendations for the translation of some of these findings to human malaria research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jona Walk
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jorn E Stok
- University Medical Center Utrecht, PO Box 85500, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Robert W Sauerwein
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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47
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Perdomo-Celis F, Velilla PA, Taborda NA, Rugeles MT. An altered cytotoxic program of CD8+ T-cells in HIV-infected patients despite HAART-induced viral suppression. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0210540. [PMID: 30625227 PMCID: PMC6326488 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0210540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the suppression of viral replication induced by the highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART), an increased immune activation and inflammatory state persists in HIV-infected patients, contributing to lower treatment response and immune reconstitution, and development of non-AIDS conditions. The chronic activation and inflammation affect the functionality and differentiation of CD8+ T-cells, particularly reducing their cytotoxic capacity, which is critical in the control of HIV replication. Although previous studies have shown that HAART induce a partial immune reconstitution, its effect on CD8+ T-cells cytotoxic function, as well as its relationship with the inflammatory state, is yet to be defined. Here, we characterized the functional profile of polyclonal and HIV-specific CD8+ T cells, based on the expression of cell activation and differentiation markers, in individuals chronically infected with HIV, under HAART. Compared with seronegative controls, CD8+ T-cells from patients on HAART exhibited a low degranulation capacity (surface expression of CD107a), with consequent low secreted levels and high intracellular expression of granzyme B and perforin. This degranulation defect was particularly observed in those cells expressing the activation marker HLA-DR, which were further characterized as effector memory cells with high expression of CD57. The expression of CD107a, but not of granzyme B and perforin, in CD8+ T-cells from HIV-infected patients on HAART reached levels similar to those in seronegative controls when the treatment duration was higher than 25 months. In addition, the expression of CD107a was negatively correlated with the expression of exhaustion markers on CD8+ T-cells and the plasma inflammatory molecule sCD14. Thus, despite HAART-induced viral suppression, CD8+ T-cells from HIV-infected patients have an alteration in their cytotoxic program. This defect is associated with the cellular activation, differentiation and exhaustion state, as well as with the inflammation levels, and can be partially recovered with a long and continuous treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Perdomo-Celis
- Grupo Inmunovirología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, UdeA, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Paula A. Velilla
- Grupo Inmunovirología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, UdeA, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Natalia A. Taborda
- Grupo Inmunovirología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, UdeA, Medellín, Colombia
- Grupo de Investigaciones Biomédicas Uniremington, Programa de Medicina, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Corporación Universitaria Remington, Medellín, Colombia
| | - María Teresa Rugeles
- Grupo Inmunovirología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, UdeA, Medellín, Colombia
- * E-mail:
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48
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Eomesodermin driven IL-10 production in effector CD8 + T cells promotes a memory phenotype. Cell Immunol 2018; 335:93-102. [PMID: 30528350 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2018.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
CD8+ T cell differentiation is controlled by the transcription factors T-bet and Eomesodermin, in concert with the cytokines IL-2, IL-10 and IL-12. Among these pathways, the mechanisms by which T-box proteins and IL-10 interact to promote a memory T cell fate remain poorly understood. Here, we show that Eomes and IL-10 drive a central memory phenotype in murine CD8+ T cells. Eomes expression led to increased IL-10 expression by the effector CD8+ T cells themselves as well as an increase in the level of the lymph node homing selectin CD62L. Furthermore, exposure of effector CD8+ T cells to IL-10 maintained CD62L expression levels in culture. Thus, Eomes promotes a step-wise transition of effector T cells towards a memory phenotype, synergizing with IL-10 to enhance the expression of CD62L. The early augmentation of lymph node homing markers by Eomes may facilitate the retention of effector T cells in the relatively low inflammatory milieu of the secondary lymphoid organs that promotes central memory development.
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Maimela NR, Liu S, Zhang Y. Fates of CD8+ T cells in Tumor Microenvironment. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2018; 17:1-13. [PMID: 30581539 PMCID: PMC6297055 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2018.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 279] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies have reported a positive correlation between elevated CD8+ T cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME) and good prognosis in cancer. However, the mechanisms linking T cell tumor-infiltration and tumor rejection are yet to be fully understood. The cells and factors of the TME facilitate tumor development in various ways. CD8+ T cell function is influenced by a number of factors, including CD8+ T cell trafficking and localization into tumor sites; as well as CD8+ T cell growth and differentiation. This review highlights recent literature as well as currently evolving concepts regarding the fates of CD8+ T cells in the TME from three different aspects CD8+ T cell trafficking, differentiation and function. A thorough understanding of factors contributing to the fates of CD8+ T cells will allow researchers to develop new strategies and improve on already existing strategies to facilitate CD8+ T cell mediated anti-tumor function, impede T cell dysfunction and modulate the TME into a less immunosuppressive TME.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shasha Liu
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
- Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
- Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
- Henan Key Laboratory for Tumor Immunology and Biotherapy, Zhengzhou 450052, China
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Perez‐Gutierrez A, Metes DM, Lu L, Hariharan S, Thomson AW, Ezzelarab MB. Characterization of eomesodermin and T-bet expression by allostimulated CD8 + T cells of healthy volunteers and kidney transplant patients in relation to graft outcome. Clin Exp Immunol 2018; 194:259-272. [PMID: 30246373 PMCID: PMC6194331 DOI: 10.1111/cei.13162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Memory T cell (Tmem) responses play a critical role in the outcome of allo-transplantation. While the role of the T-box transcription factor Eomesodermin (Eomes) in the maintenance of antigen-specific Tmem is well studied, little is known about Eomes+ CD8+ T cell responses after transplantation. We evaluated the phenotype and function of allo-reactive Eomes+ CD8+ T cells in healthy volunteers and kidney transplant patients and their relation to transplant outcome. High Eomes expression by steady-state CD8+ T cells correlated with effector and memory phenotype. Following allo-stimulation, the expression of both the T-box proteins Eomes and T-bet by proliferating cells increased significantly, where high expression of Eomes and T-bet correlated with higher incidence of allo-stimulated IFNγ+ TNFα+ CD8+ T cells. In patients with no subsequent rejection, Eomes but not T-bet expression by donor-stimulated CD8+ T cells, increased significantly after transplantation. This was characterized by increased Eomeshi T-bet-/lo and decreased Eomes-/lo T-bethi CD8+ T cell subsets, with no significant changes in the Eomeshi T-bethi CD8+ T cell subset. No upregulation of exhaustion markers programmed-death-1 (PD-1) and cytotoxic-T-lymphocyte-associated-antigen-4 (CTLA4) by donor-stimulated Eomes+ CD8+ T cells was observed. Before transplantation, in patients without rejection, there were higher incidences of Eomeshi T-bet-/lo , and lower incidences of Eomeshi T-bethi and Eomes-/lo T-bethi donor-stimulated CD8+ T cell subsets, compared to those with subsequent rejection. Overall, our findings indicate that high Eomes expression by allo-stimulated T-bet+ CD8+ T cells is associated with enhanced effector function, and that an elevated incidence of donor-stimulated CD8+ T cells co-expressing high levels of Eomes and T-bet before transplantation, may correlate with an increased incidence of acute cellular rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Perez‐Gutierrez
- Starzl Transplantation Institute, Department of SurgeryUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPAUSA
| | - D. M. Metes
- Starzl Transplantation Institute, Department of SurgeryUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPAUSA
- Departments of ImmunologyUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPAUSA
| | - L. Lu
- Starzl Transplantation Institute, Department of SurgeryUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPAUSA
| | - S. Hariharan
- Starzl Transplantation Institute, Department of SurgeryUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPAUSA
- MedicineUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPAUSA
| | - A. W. Thomson
- Starzl Transplantation Institute, Department of SurgeryUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPAUSA
- MedicineUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPAUSA
| | - M. B. Ezzelarab
- Starzl Transplantation Institute, Department of SurgeryUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPAUSA
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