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Kotańska M, Zadrożna M, Kubacka M, Mika K, Szczepańska K, Nowak B, Alesci A, Miller A, Lauriano ER, Kieć-Kononowicz K. The Effect of KSK-94, a Dual Histamine H 3 and Sigma-2 Receptor Ligand, on Adipose Tissue in a Rat Model of Developing Obesity. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:858. [PMID: 39065709 PMCID: PMC11280160 DOI: 10.3390/ph17070858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Numerous studies highlight the critical role that neural histamine plays in feeding behavior, which is controlled by central histamine H3 and H1 receptors. This is the fundamental motivation for the increased interest in creating histamine H3 receptor antagonists as anti-obesity medications. On the other hand, multiple other neurotransmitter systems have been identified as pharmacotherapeutic targets for obesity, including sigma-2 receptor systems. Interestingly, in our previous studies in the rat excessive eating model, we demonstrated a significant reduction in the development of obesity using dual histamine H3/sigma-2 receptor ligands. Moreover, we showed that compound KSK-94 (structural analog of Abbott's A-331440) reduced the number of calories consumed, and thus acted as an anorectic compound. Therefore, in this study, we extended the previous research and studied the influence of KSK-94 on adipose tissue collected from animals from our previous experiment. METHODS Visceral adipose tissue was collected from four groups of rats (standard diet + vehicle, palatable diet + vehicle, palatable diet + KSK-94, and palatable diet + bupropion/naltrexone) and subjected to biochemical, histopathological, and immunohistochemical studies. RESULTS The obtained results clearly indicate that compound KSK-94 prevented the hypertrophy and inflammation of visceral adipose tissue, normalized the levels of leptin, resistin and saved the total reduction capacity of adipose tissue, being more effective than bupropion/naltrexon in these aspects. Moreover, KSK-94 may induce browning of visceral white adipose tissue. CONCLUSION Our study suggests that dual compounds with a receptor profile like KSK-94, i.e., targeting histamine H3 receptor and, to a lesser extent, sigma-2 receptor, could be attractive therapeutic options for patients at risk of developing obesity or with obesity and some metabolic disorders. However, more studies are required to determine its safety profile and the exact mechanism of action of KSK-94.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Kotańska
- Department of Pharmacological Screening, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, PL 30-688 Kraków, Poland;
| | - Monika Zadrożna
- Department of Cytobiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, PL 30-688 Kraków, Poland; (M.Z.); (B.N.)
| | - Monika Kubacka
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, PL 30-688 Kraków, Poland;
| | - Kamil Mika
- Department of Pharmacological Screening, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, PL 30-688 Kraków, Poland;
| | - Katarzyna Szczepańska
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12, PL 31-343 Kraków, Poland;
| | - Barbara Nowak
- Department of Cytobiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, PL 30-688 Kraków, Poland; (M.Z.); (B.N.)
| | - Alessio Alesci
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d’Alcontres 31, I-98166 Messina, Italy; (A.A.); (E.R.L.)
| | - Anthea Miller
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, I-98168 Messina, Italy;
| | - Eugenia Rita Lauriano
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d’Alcontres 31, I-98166 Messina, Italy; (A.A.); (E.R.L.)
| | - Katarzyna Kieć-Kononowicz
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, PL 30-688 Kraków, Poland;
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Sandoval-Bórquez A, Carrión P, Hernández MP, Pérez JA, Tapia-Castillo A, Vecchiola A, Fardella CE, Carvajal CA. Adipose Tissue Dysfunction and the Role of Adipocyte-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome. J Endocr Soc 2024; 8:bvae126. [PMID: 38988671 PMCID: PMC11234198 DOI: 10.1210/jendso/bvae126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a major public health issue that is associated with metabolic diseases including diabetes mellitus type 2 and metabolic syndrome. This pathology leads to detrimental cardiovascular health and secondary effects, such as lipotoxicity, inflammation, and oxidative stress. Recently, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been highlighted as novel players participating in human physiology and pathophysiology. In obesity, adipose tissue is related to the active shedding of adipocyte-derived extracellular vesicles (AdEVs). The current review explores and highlights the role of AdEVs and their cargo in obesity and metabolic syndrome. AdEVs are proposed to play an important role in obesity and its comorbidities. AdEVs are biological nanoparticles mainly shed by visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue, acting in physiological and pathophysiological conditions, and also carrying different cargo biomolecules, such as RNA, microRNA (miRNA), proteins, and lipids, among others. RNA and miRNA have local and systemic effects affecting gene expression in target cell types via paracrine and endocrine actions. State of the art analyses identified some miRNAs, such as miR-222, miR-23b, miR-4429, miR-148b, and miR-4269, that could potentially affect cell pathways involved in obesity-related comorbidities, such as chronic inflammation and fibrosis. Similarly, AdEVs-proteins (RBP4, perilipin-A, FABP, mimecan, TGFBI) and AdEVs-lipids (sphingolipids) have been linked to the obesity pathophysiology. The current knowledge about AdEVs along with further research would support and reveal novel pathways, potential biomarkers, and therapeutic options in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Sandoval-Bórquez
- School of Medical Technology, Faculty of Science, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaiso, Valparaiso 2373223, Chile
| | - Pablo Carrión
- Center for Translational Research in Endocrinology (CETREN-UC), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330074, Chile
- Department of Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330077, Chile
| | - María Paz Hernández
- Center for Translational Research in Endocrinology (CETREN-UC), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330074, Chile
- Department of Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330077, Chile
| | - Jorge A Pérez
- Center for Translational Research in Endocrinology (CETREN-UC), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330074, Chile
- Department of Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330077, Chile
| | - Alejandra Tapia-Castillo
- Center for Translational Research in Endocrinology (CETREN-UC), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330074, Chile
- Department of Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330077, Chile
| | - Andrea Vecchiola
- Center for Translational Research in Endocrinology (CETREN-UC), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330074, Chile
- Department of Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330077, Chile
| | - Carlos E Fardella
- Center for Translational Research in Endocrinology (CETREN-UC), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330074, Chile
- Department of Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330077, Chile
| | - Cristian A Carvajal
- Center for Translational Research in Endocrinology (CETREN-UC), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330074, Chile
- Department of Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330077, Chile
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Nguyen TT, Corvera S. Adipose tissue as a linchpin of organismal ageing. Nat Metab 2024; 6:793-807. [PMID: 38783156 PMCID: PMC11238912 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-024-01046-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Ageing is a conserved biological process, modulated by intrinsic and extrinsic factors, that leads to changes in life expectancy. In humans, ageing is characterized by greatly increased prevalence of cardiometabolic disease, type 2 diabetes and disorders associated with impaired immune surveillance. Adipose tissue displays species-conserved, temporal changes with ageing, including redistribution from peripheral to central depots, loss of thermogenic capacity and expansion within the bone marrow. Adipose tissue is localized to discrete depots, and also diffusely distributed within multiple organs and tissues in direct proximity to specialized cells. Thus, through their potent endocrine properties, adipocytes are capable of modulating tissue and organ function throughout the body. In addition to adipocytes, multipotent progenitor/stem cells in adipose tissue play a crucial role in maintenance and repair of tissues throughout the lifetime. Adipose tissue may therefore be a central driver for organismal ageing and age-associated diseases. Here we review the features of adipose tissue during ageing, and discuss potential mechanisms by which these changes affect whole-body metabolism, immunity and longevity. We also explore the potential of adipose tissue-targeted therapies to ameliorate age-associated disease burdens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tammy T Nguyen
- Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery, UMass Memorial Medical Center, Worcester, MA, USA
- Diabetes Center of Excellence, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Silvia Corvera
- Diabetes Center of Excellence, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.
- Morningside Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.
- Program in Molecular Medicine, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.
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Adhikary P, Banerjee S, Dey BK, Gargari P, Chatterjee S, Chakraborty D, Chowdhury S. Association of adipocyte size and SREBP-1c in visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue in non-obese type 2 diabetes mellitus. Endocrine 2024; 83:615-623. [PMID: 37733180 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-023-03535-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Non-obese type 2 diabetes seems to be common in India; hence the current study tried to understand the pathogenesis of diabetes in this group focusing on the role of adipocytes especially abdominal fat compartment. Comparison was made between non-obese subjects with newly detected diabetes and those without diabetes, in relation to levels of adipogenic factor and adipokines in pre-adipocytes and mature adipocytes respectively. RESEARCH DESIGN METHODS Non-obese subjects (BMI-18-25 Kg/m2) were consecutively selected of whom 15 had newly-detected, treatment naïve type 2 diabetes (HbA1% ≥6.5) while 25 were control (HbA1c% ≤5.6). We examined the expression of adipocyte differentiation factor - SREBP-1c from preadipocytes and adipocyte specific adipokines- HMW isoform and total adiponectin, leptin, FABP-4, TNF-α and IL-6 from adipocytesisolated from abdominal visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissues (VAT and SCAT) by RT-PCR and as well as from serum by ELISA. Size of cultured adipocytes was measured in a fully automated imaging system microscope. RESULT Both in SCAT and VAT, SREBP-1c and adiponectin had significantly lower expression along with increased mRNA level of inflammatory adipokinesdiabetes.Average adipocyte size and frequency of large(hypertrophied) adipocytes were comparatively higher in T2DM subjects and had significant negative correlation with SREBP-1c. HMW adiponectin level significantly reduced in the secretion from VAT and SCAT of T2DM subjects compared to control. CONCLUSION Reduced expression of SREBP-1c in preadipocytes may lead to increased number of hypertrophied adipocytes in T2DM. Therefore, these dysfunctional hypertrophied adipocytes could cause imbalanced expression of insulin resistant and insulin sensitive adipokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pieu Adhikary
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education & Research and Seth Sukhlal Karnani Memorial Hospital, 244, A.J.C. Bose Road, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700020, India
| | - Sudipta Banerjee
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education & Research and Seth Sukhlal Karnani Memorial Hospital, 244, A.J.C. Bose Road, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700020, India
| | - Bishal Kumar Dey
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education & Research and Seth Sukhlal Karnani Memorial Hospital, 244, A.J.C. Bose Road, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700020, India
| | - Piyas Gargari
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education & Research and Seth Sukhlal Karnani Memorial Hospital, 244, A.J.C. Bose Road, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700020, India
| | - Shamita Chatterjee
- Department of General Surgery, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education & Research and Seth Sukhlal Karnani Memorial Hospital, 244, A.J.C. Bose Road, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700020, India
| | - Diya Chakraborty
- Department of Biochemistry, Ballygaunge Science College, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, 700019, India
| | - Subhankar Chowdhury
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education & Research and Seth Sukhlal Karnani Memorial Hospital, 244, A.J.C. Bose Road, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700020, India.
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Fehsel K, Bouvier ML. Sex-Specific Effects of Long-Term Antipsychotic Drug Treatment on Adipocyte Tissue and the Crosstalk to Liver and Brain in Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2188. [PMID: 38396865 PMCID: PMC10889281 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Antipsychotic drug (APD) medication can lead to metabolic dysfunctions and weight gain, which together increase morbidity and mortality. Metabolically active visceral adipose tissue (VAT) in particular plays a crucial role in the etiopathology of these metabolic dysregulations. Here, we studied the effect of 12 weeks of drug medication by daily oral feeding of clozapine and haloperidol on the perirenal fat tissue as part of VAT of male and female Sprague Dawley rats in the context of complex former investigations on brain, liver, and blood. Adipocyte area values were determined, as well as triglycerides, non-esterified fatty acids (NEFAs), glucose, glycogen, lactate, malondialdehyde equivalents, ferric iron and protein levels of Perilipin-A, hormone-sensitive-lipase (HSL), hepcidin, glucose transporter-4 (Glut-4) and insulin receptor-ß (IR-ß). We found increased adipocyte mass in males, with slightly higher adipocyte area values in both males and females under clozapine treatment. Triglycerides, NEFAs, glucose and oxidative stress in the medicated groups were unchanged or slightly decreased. In contrast to controls and haloperidol-medicated rats, perirenal adipocyte mass and serum leptin levels were not correlated under clozapine. Protein expressions of perilipin-A, Glut-4 and HSL were decreased under clozapine treatment. IR-ß expression changed sex-specifically in the clozapine-medicated groups associated with higher hepcidin levels in the perirenal adipose tissue of clozapine-treated females. Taken together, clozapine and haloperidol had a smaller effect than expected on perirenal adipose tissue. The perirenal adipose tissue shows only weak changes in lipid and glucose metabolism. The main changes can be seen in the proteins examined, and probably in their effect on liver metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Fehsel
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Bergische Landstraße 2, 40629 Düsseldorf, Germany;
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Abbasi K, Zarezadeh R, Valizadeh A, Mehdizadeh A, Hamishehkar H, Nouri M, Darabi M. White-brown adipose tissue interplay in polycystic ovary syndrome: Therapeutic avenues. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 220:116012. [PMID: 38159686 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.116012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
This study highlights the therapeutic potential of activating brown adipose tissue (BAT) for managing polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), a prevalent endocrine disorder associated with metabolic and reproductive abnormalities. BAT plays a crucial role in regulating energy expenditure and systemic insulin sensitivity, making it an attractive target for the treatment of obesity and metabolic diseases. Recent research suggests that impaired BAT function and mass may contribute to the link between metabolic disturbances and reproductive issues in PCOS. Additionally, abnormal white adipose tissue (WAT) can exacerbate these conditions by releasing adipokines and nonesterified fatty acids. In this review, we explored the impact of WAT changes on BAT function in PCOS and discussed the potential of BAT activation as a therapeutic strategy to improve PCOS symptoms. We propose that BAT activation holds promise for managing PCOS; however, further research is needed to confirm its efficacy and to develop clinically feasible methods for BAT activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khadijeh Abbasi
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Reza Zarezadeh
- Women's Reproductive Health Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Amir Valizadeh
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Amir Mehdizadeh
- Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hamed Hamishehkar
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Nouri
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Masoud Darabi
- Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Division of Experimental Oncology, Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Germany.
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Hussein M, Saif A, Amin M, Khalafallah O, Hussien A, Aboulsoud S, Mousa S. Plasma Adiponectin and Its Correlation with Carotid Intima-Media Thickness in Obesity and in Type 2 Diabetes and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. J Nutr Metab 2023; 2023:6661585. [PMID: 37692464 PMCID: PMC10484655 DOI: 10.1155/2023/6661585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Methods and Results The study included 200 Egyptian subjects. They were divided into four equal groups: group 1: obese patients with NAFLD and T2DM (O+/NAFLD+/DM+), group 2: nonobese patients with NAFLD and T2DM (O-/NAFLD+/DM+), group 3: obese nondiabetic patients with NAFLD (O+/NAFLD+/DM-), and group 4: nonobese healthy control subjects. Plasma adiponectin was measured using ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) technique. Ultrasonography was used to diagnose NAFLD. CIMT was assessed using Doppler ultrasonography. Plasma adiponectin was significantly lower and CIMT was significantly higher in O+/NAFLD+/DM+, as compared with O-/NAFLD+/DM+, O+/NAFLD+/DM-, and control subjects (p < 0.001 for all). A significant negative correlation was found between adiponectin and CIMT in obese patients with NAFLD (p < 0.05), but not in patients with NAFLD and T2DM. The significant independent predictors of CIMT were diabetes duration, BMI (body mass index), albumin/creatinine ratio, and cholesterol. Conclusion Plasma adiponectin is inversely correlated with CIMT in obese patients with NAFLD, but not in patients with NAFLD and T2DM. Hypoadiponectinemia could be a good indicator of cardiovascular risk in obese patients with NAFLD, with or without T2DM, but not in nonobese patients with NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha Hussein
- Internal Medicine Department, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Aasem Saif
- Internal Medicine Department, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mona Amin
- Internal Medicine Department, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Osama Khalafallah
- Clinical and Chemical Pathology Department, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Hussien
- Internal Medicine Department, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | | | - Shrook Mousa
- Internal Medicine Department, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
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Zhu T, Yang S, Mauro TM, Man MQ. Association of Epidermal Biophysical Properties with Obesity and Its Implications. Skin Pharmacol Physiol 2023; 36:165-173. [PMID: 37640014 DOI: 10.1159/000533587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is a condition defined by an excess amount of body fat, with body mass index (BMI) of 30 and higher. It is associated with a number of other medical conditions, including insulin resistance, diabetes mellitus, and cardiovascular diseases, as well as dyslipidemia, and it is also associated with several cutaneous disorders such as atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, intertriginous dermatitis, acanthosis nigricans and skin infections. SUMMARY Evidence suggests a link between obesity and epidermal dysfunction. Generally, individuals with obesity display higher transepidermal water loss rate and lower stratum corneum hydration levels, although no association of obesity with epidermal dysfunction has been documented. Results of skin surface pH are controversial. But study demonstrated a positive correlation of BMI with skin surface pH on both the forearm and the shin in males, suggesting that the changes in epidermal function vary with gender in individuals with obesity. KEY MESSAGES This review summarizes the association between obesity and epidermal function, and discusses possible underlying mechanisms. Individuals with obesity exhibit poor epidermal permeability barrier and lower stratum corneum hydration levels. Because of the pathogenic role of compromised epidermal function in inflammation, which is also linked to obesity, improvement in epidermal function could benefit individuals with obesity, particularly those with abnormalities in epidermal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Zhu
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Shuyun Yang
- Department of Dermatology, The People's Hospital of Baoshan, Baoshan, China
| | - Theodora M Mauro
- Department of Dermatology, Veterans Affairs Medical Center San Francisco, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Mao-Qiang Man
- Department of Dermatology, Veterans Affairs Medical Center San Francisco, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Horwitz A, Birk R. Adipose Tissue Hyperplasia and Hypertrophy in Common and Syndromic Obesity-The Case of BBS Obesity. Nutrients 2023; 15:3445. [PMID: 37571382 PMCID: PMC10421039 DOI: 10.3390/nu15153445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a metabolic state generated by the expansion of adipose tissue. Adipose tissue expansion depends on the interplay between hyperplasia and hypertrophy, and is mainly regulated by a complex interaction between genetics and excess energy intake. However, the genetic regulation of adipose tissue expansion is yet to be fully understood. Obesity can be divided into common multifactorial/polygenic obesity and monogenic obesity, non-syndromic and syndromic. Several genes related to obesity were found through studies of monogenic non-syndromic obesity models. However, syndromic obesity, characterized by additional features other than obesity, suggesting a more global role of the mutant genes related to the syndrome and, thus, an additional peripheral influence on the development of obesity, were hardly studied to date in this regard. This review summarizes present knowledge regarding the hyperplasia and hypertrophy of adipocytes in common obesity. Additionally, we highlight the scarce research on syndromic obesity as a model for studying adipocyte hyperplasia and hypertrophy, focusing on Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS). BBS obesity involves central and peripheral mechanisms, with molecular and mechanistic alternation in adipocyte hyperplasia and hypertrophy. Thus, we argue that using syndromic obesity models, such as BBS, can further advance our knowledge regarding peripheral adipocyte regulation in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ruth Birk
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel;
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10
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Mohammed Saeed W, Nasser Binjawhar D. Association of Serum Leptin and Adiponectin Concentrations with Type 2 Diabetes Biomarkers and Complications Among Saudi Women. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2023; 16:2129-2140. [PMID: 37465649 PMCID: PMC10351522 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s405476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Hyperglycemia and insulin resistance (IR) put obese women with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) at risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Methods 150 T2DM women aged 30-45 were studied cross-sectionally at Madinah Hospital lab to find T2DM risk factors and their association with adiponectin/leptin levels. Results Women with T2DM showed greater fasting blood glucose (FBG), hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), triglycerides (TG), body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), insulin resistance (IR), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and CVD risk (high atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) and leptin), but decreased high-density lipoprotein (HDL-cholesterol) and poor insulin sensitivity with low adiponectin. Obese women with T2DM had increased leptin and reduced adiponectin. Leptin levels were significantly related to IR, BMI, and AIP (B= 3.97, P= 0.02) but not WC. Leptin levels were negatively correlated with insulin sensitivity (IS) and HDL-c (P< 0.05). In linear regression analysis, adiponectin levels had a significant association with IS and HDL-c (P= 0.03, P= 0.04) but an inverse relationship with IR, BMI, WC (B=-2.91, P= 0.04), and AIP (P< 0.05). Conclusion Increased leptin levels are related to high IR, AIP, and BMI among T2DM female patients. Similarly, adiponectin levels decrease IS and HDL-c. Therefore, obese T2DM women with high leptin and low adiponectin levels should be periodically checked to avoid or decrease consequences like CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walaa Mohammed Saeed
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Science, Taibah University, Tayba, Medina, 42353, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dalal Nasser Binjawhar
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, 11671, Saudia Arabia
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Flori L, Piragine E, Spezzini J, Citi V, Calderone V, Martelli A. Influence of Polyphenols on Adipose Tissue: Sirtuins as Pivotal Players in the Browning Process. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119276. [PMID: 37298226 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue (AT) can be classified into two different types: (i) white adipose tissue (WAT), which represents the largest amount of total AT, and has the main function of storing fatty acids for energy needs and (ii) brown adipose tissue (BAT), rich in mitochondria and specialized in thermogenesis. Many exogenous stimuli, e.g., cold, exercise or pharmacological/nutraceutical tools, promote the phenotypic change of WAT to a beige phenotype (BeAT), with intermediate characteristics between BAT and WAT; this process is called "browning". The modulation of AT differentiation towards WAT or BAT, and the phenotypic switch to BeAT, seem to be crucial steps to limit weight gain. Polyphenols are emerging as compounds able to induce browning and thermogenesis processes, potentially via activation of sirtuins. SIRT1 (the most investigated sirtuin) activates a factor involved in mitochondrial biogenesis, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α (PGC-1α), which, through peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPAR-γ) modulation, induces typical genes of BAT and inhibits genes of WAT during the transdifferentiation process in white adipocytes. This review article aims to summarize the current evidence, from pre-clinical studies to clinical trials, on the ability of polyphenols to promote the browning process, with a specific focus on the potential role of sirtuins in the pharmacological/nutraceutical effects of natural compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Flori
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Jacopo Spezzini
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Valentina Citi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Calderone
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Center "Nutrafood: Nutraceutica e Alimentazione per la Salute", University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Center "Biology and Pathology of Ageing", University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Alma Martelli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Center "Nutrafood: Nutraceutica e Alimentazione per la Salute", University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Center "Biology and Pathology of Ageing", University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
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12
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Wen L, Fu H, Saffery R, Tong C, Liu Y, Kilby MD, Qi H, Baker PN. Cord blood adiponectin and leptin concentrations in monochorionic twins with selective intrauterine growth restriction and their associations with childhood growth trajectories. Pediatr Obes 2023:e13034. [PMID: 37019852 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.13034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Being born with intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) was associated with subsequent health issues later in life. However, the underlying role of adipokines in IUGR is unknown. OBJECTIVES To measure the adiponectin and leptin concentrations in the cord blood of monochorionic (MC) twins with selective IUGR (sIUGR) and evaluate their associations with childhood growth trajectories. METHODS Cord blood samples were collected from 22 pairs of MC twins with sIUGR and 20 pairs of normal MC twins. Adiponectin and leptin concentrations in cord blood were determined by ELISA. Data regarding perinatal outcomes and infantile growth trajectories from birth to 24 months were obtained. RESULTS Only cord blood adiponectin concentrations were associated with IUGR (β -1.51, 95% CI -2.45, -0.57, p = 0.002), and cord blood leptin concentrations were significantly lower in sIUGR twins compared to normal twins (2.8 ± 1.6 vs. 6.4 ± 3.0, p < 0.001). Adiponectin concentrations were negatively associated with height increments from birth to 6 months (β -0.28, 95% CI -0.51, -0.06, p = 0.015). Leptin concentrations were negatively associated with weight at 6 and 24 months (β -0.12 95% CI -0.22, -0.02, p = 0.002; β -0.18 95% CI -0.33, -0.03, p = 0.019) and weight and height increments from birth to 6 months (β -0.17 95% CI -0.29, -0.06, p = 0.020; β -0.40 95% CI -0.81, -0.01, p = 0.037). CONCLUSION Cord blood adiponectin concentrations were negatively associated with IUGR but did not predict childhood growth. Cord blood leptin concentrations were inversely associated with weight and height increments in the first 6 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine of Chongqing Municipality, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 400016, Chongqing, China
- Department of Obstetrics, Women and Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 401147, Chongqing, China
| | - Huijia Fu
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 400016, Chongqing, China
| | - Richard Saffery
- Molecular Immunity, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Chao Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine of Chongqing Municipality, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 400016, Chongqing, China
| | - Yamin Liu
- Department of Obstetrics, Women and Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 401147, Chongqing, China
| | - Mark D Kilby
- Fetal Medicine Centre, Birmingham Women's & Children's Foundation Trust, B15 2TG, Birmingham, UK
- Institute of Metabolism & Systems Research, College of Medical & Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT, Birmingham, UK
| | - Hongbo Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine of Chongqing Municipality, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 400016, Chongqing, China
- Department of Obstetrics, Women and Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 401147, Chongqing, China
| | - Philip N Baker
- College of Life Sciences, University of Leicester, LE1 7RH, Leicester, UK
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13
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Sumińska M, Podgórski R, Fichna P, Mazur A, Fichna M. The Impact of Obesity on the Excretion of Steroid Metabolites in Boys and Girls: A Comparison with Normal-Weight Children. Nutrients 2023; 15:1734. [PMID: 37049573 PMCID: PMC10097123 DOI: 10.3390/nu15071734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity in childhood is associated with several steroid changes, which result from excess body mass. The aim of this study was to evaluate steroid metabolism in children with obesity compared with those with normal weight, especially in relation to sex and puberty progress. We analyzed the clinical data of 191 children, aged between 5 and 18 years, with 115 affected (64 girls and 51 boys) and 76 unaffected (35 girls and 41 boys) by obesity. Routine clinical assessment and pubertal stage evaluation based upon Tanner's scale were performed. In addition, to evaluate the impact of puberty, children with pre-adolescence and advanced puberty were divided into separate subgroups. Then, 24 h urine steroid excretion profiles were analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Significant differences in the excretion of steroid metabolites were found between normal weight children and children with obesity, especially in the prepubertal cohort. In this group, we observed enhanced activity in all the pathways of adrenal steroidogenesis. Raised excretion of mineralocorticoid derivatives such as tetrahydro-11-deoxycorticosterone, tetrahydrocorticosterone, and 5α-tetrahydrocorticosterone supported increased activity of this track. No significant differences were detected in the excreted free forms of cortisol and cortisone, while the excretion of their characteristic tetrahydro-derivatives was different. In pre-adolescent children with obesity, α-cortol and especially α-cortolone appeared to be excreted more abundantly than β-cortol or β-cortolone. Furthermore, in children with obesity, we observed elevated androgen excretion with an enhanced backdoor pathway. As puberty progressed, remarkable reduction in the differences between adolescents with and without obesity was demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Sumińska
- Department of Pediatric Diabetes, Auxology and Obesity, Institute of Pediatrics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-572 Poznan, Poland
- Doctoral School, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-812 Poznan, Poland
| | - Rafał Podgórski
- Centre for Innovative Research in Medical and Natural Sciences, University of Rzeszow, 35-310 Rzeszow, Poland
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, University of Rzeszow, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Piotr Fichna
- Department of Pediatric Diabetes, Auxology and Obesity, Institute of Pediatrics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-572 Poznan, Poland
| | - Artur Mazur
- Department of Pediatrics, Childhood Endocrinology and Diabetes, Collegium of Medical Sciences, University of Rzeszow, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Marta Fichna
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-355 Poznan, Poland
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14
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Behan-Bush R, Liszewski JN, Schrodt MV, Vats B, Li X, Lehmler HJ, Klingelhutz AJ, Ankrum JA. Toxicity Impacts on Human Adipose Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells Acutely Exposed to Aroclor and Non-Aroclor Mixtures of Polychlorinated Biphenyl. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:1731-1742. [PMID: 36651682 PMCID: PMC9893815 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c07281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) accumulates in adipose where it may impact the growth and function of cells within the tissue. This is particularly concerning during adolescence when adipocytes expand rapidly. Herein, we sought to understand how exposure to PCB mixtures found in U.S. schools affects human adipose mesenchymal stem/stromal cell (MSC) health and function. We investigated how exposure to Aroclor 1016 and Aroclor 1254, as well as a newly characterized non-Aroclor mixture that resembles the PCB profile found in cabinets, Cabinet Mixture, affects adipose MSC growth, viability, and function in vitro. We found that exposure to all three mixtures resulted in two distinct types of toxicity. At PCB concentrations >20 μM, the majority of MSCs die, while at 1-10 μM, MSCs remained viable but display numerous alterations to their phenotype. At these sublethal concentrations, the MSC rate of expansion slowed and morphology changed. Further assessment revealed that PCB-exposed MSCs had impaired adipogenesis and a modest decrease in immunosuppressive capabilities. Thus, exposure to PCB mixtures found in schools negatively impacts the health and function of adipose MSCs. This work has implications for human health due to MSCs' role in supporting the growth and maintenance of adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riley
M. Behan-Bush
- Roy
J. Carver Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
- Fraternal
Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Jesse N. Liszewski
- Roy
J. Carver Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
- Fraternal
Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Michael V. Schrodt
- Roy
J. Carver Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
- Fraternal
Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Bhavya Vats
- Roy
J. Carver Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Xueshu Li
- Department
of Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Hans-Joachim Lehmler
- Department
of Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Aloysius J. Klingelhutz
- Fraternal
Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
- Department
of Microbiology and Immunology, University
of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - James A. Ankrum
- Roy
J. Carver Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
- Fraternal
Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
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15
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Takahashi J, Takahashi N, Tadaishi M, Shimizu M, Kobayashi-Hattori K. Valerenic Acid Promotes Adipocyte Differentiation, Adiponectin Production, and Glucose Uptake via Its PPARγ Ligand Activity. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:48113-48120. [PMID: 36591200 PMCID: PMC9798764 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c06120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Although valerenic acid (VA) is an important marker compound for quantitative assessment of Valeriana officinalis products, little is known about its potential effects on adipocytes. We investigated the effects of VA on adipocyte differentiation, adiponectin production, and glucose uptake using 3T3-L1 adipocytes. The results showed that VA promoted adipocyte differentiation and increased the gene expression of adipogenesis and glucose uptake-related proteins, including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), cytosine-cytosine-adenosine-adenosine-thymidine enhancer binding protein alpha (C/EBPα), adiponectin, and glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4). Additionally, cell cultures treated with VA had elevated adiponectin secretion and glucose uptake. The PPARγ luciferase assay indicated VA as a partial agonist of PPARγ, while the analysis using its antagonist, GW9662, and a docking simulation between PPARγ and VA revealed the binding site of VA as likely adjacent to the Ω loop pocket of PPARγ. Taken together, these results demonstrate that VA acts as a PPARγ partial agonist to promote adipocyte differentiation, adiponectin production, and glucose uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Takahashi
- Department
of Nutritional Science, Faculty of Applied Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1-1-1 Sakuragaoka, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8502, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Takahashi
- Department
of Nutritional Science and Food Safety, Faculty of Applied Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1-1-1 Sakuragaoka, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8502, Japan
| | - Miki Tadaishi
- Department
of Nutritional Science, Faculty of Applied Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1-1-1 Sakuragaoka, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8502, Japan
| | - Makoto Shimizu
- Department
of Nutritional Science, Faculty of Applied Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1-1-1 Sakuragaoka, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8502, Japan
| | - Kazuo Kobayashi-Hattori
- Department
of Nutritional Science, Faculty of Applied Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1-1-1 Sakuragaoka, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8502, Japan
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16
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Thomaz FM, de Jesus Simão J, da Silva VS, Machado MMF, Oyama LM, Ribeiro EB, Alonso Vale MIC, Telles MM. Ginkgo biloba Extract Stimulates Adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 Preadipocytes. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15101294. [PMID: 36297406 PMCID: PMC9610090 DOI: 10.3390/ph15101294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Smaller adipocytes are related to the reversal of metabolic disorders, suggesting that molecules that can act in the adipogenesis pathway are of great interest. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of Ginkgo biloba extract (GbE) in modulating the differentiation in preadipocytes. 3T3-L1 preadipocytes were differentiated for 7 days into adipocytes without (control group) and with GbE at 1.0 mg/mL. Lipid content and gene expression were analyzed on day 7 (D7) by Oil Red O staining and PCR Array Gene Expression. Western blotting analysis of the key adipogenesis markers was evaluated during the differentiation process at days 3 (D3), 5 (D5), and 7 (D7). GbE increased lipid content and raised the gene expression of the main adipogenesis markers. Key proteins of the differentiation process were modulated by GbE, since C/EBPβ levels were decreased, while C/EBPα levels were increased at D7. Regarding the mature adipocytes’ markers, GbE enhanced the levels of both FABP4 at D5, and perilipin at D3 and D5. In summary, the present findings showed that GbE modulated the adipogenesis pathway suggesting that the treatment could accelerate the preadipocyte maturation, stimulating the expression of mature adipocyte proteins earlier than expected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Malanconi Thomaz
- Post-Graduate Program in Chemical Biology, Institute of Environmental Sciences, Chemical and Pharmaceutical, Universidade Federal de São Paulo—UNIFESP, Diadema 09972-270, Brazil
| | - Jussara de Jesus Simão
- Post-Graduate Program in Chemical Biology, Institute of Environmental Sciences, Chemical and Pharmaceutical, Universidade Federal de São Paulo—UNIFESP, Diadema 09972-270, Brazil
| | - Viviane Simões da Silva
- Post-Graduate Program in Chemical Biology, Institute of Environmental Sciences, Chemical and Pharmaceutical, Universidade Federal de São Paulo—UNIFESP, Diadema 09972-270, Brazil
| | - Meira Maria Forcelini Machado
- Post-Graduate Program in Chemical Biology, Institute of Environmental Sciences, Chemical and Pharmaceutical, Universidade Federal de São Paulo—UNIFESP, Diadema 09972-270, Brazil
| | - Lila Missae Oyama
- Discipline of Nutrition Physiology, Department of Physiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo—UNIFESP, São Paulo 04023-062, Brazil
| | - Eliane Beraldi Ribeiro
- Discipline of Nutrition Physiology, Department of Physiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo—UNIFESP, São Paulo 04023-062, Brazil
| | - Maria Isabel Cardoso Alonso Vale
- Post-Graduate Program in Chemical Biology, Institute of Environmental Sciences, Chemical and Pharmaceutical, Universidade Federal de São Paulo—UNIFESP, Diadema 09972-270, Brazil
- Correspondence:
| | - Monica Marques Telles
- Post-Graduate Program in Chemical Biology, Institute of Environmental Sciences, Chemical and Pharmaceutical, Universidade Federal de São Paulo—UNIFESP, Diadema 09972-270, Brazil
- Discipline of Nutrition Physiology, Department of Physiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo—UNIFESP, São Paulo 04023-062, Brazil
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17
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Aflatounian A, Paris VR, Richani D, Edwards MC, Cochran BJ, Ledger WL, Gilchrist RB, Bertoldo MJ, Wu LE, Walters KA. Declining muscle NAD + in a hyperandrogenism PCOS mouse model: Possible role in metabolic dysregulation. Mol Metab 2022; 65:101583. [PMID: 36096453 PMCID: PMC9490589 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2022.101583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder, defined by reproductive and endocrine abnormalities, with metabolic dysregulation including obesity, insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis. Recently, it was found that skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity could be improved in obese, post-menopausal, pre-diabetic women through treatment with nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN), a precursor to the prominent redox cofactor nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+). Given that PCOS patients have a similar endocrine profile to these patients, we hypothesised that declining NAD levels in muscle might play a role in the pathogenesis of the metabolic syndrome associated with PCOS, and that this could be normalized through NMN treatment. Here, we tested the impact of NMN treatment on the metabolic syndrome of the dihydrotestosterone (DHT) induced mouse model of PCOS. We observed lower NAD levels in the muscle of PCOS mice, which was normalized by NMN treatment. PCOS mice were hyperinsulinaemic, resulting in increased adiposity and hepatic lipid deposition. Strikingly, NMN treatment completely normalized these aspects of metabolic dysfunction. We propose that addressing the decline in skeletal muscle NAD levels associated with PCOS can normalize insulin sensitivity, preventing compensatory hyperinsulinaemia, which drives obesity and hepatic lipid deposition, though we cannot discount an impact of NMN on other tissues to mediate these effects. These findings support further investigation into NMN treatment as a new therapy for normalizing the aberrant metabolic features of PCOS. Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) leads to declining NAD+ levels in skeletal muscle tissue. Declining NAD+ in muscle can be rescued by treating with the metabolic precursor nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN). NMN treatment corrects compensatory hyperinsulinemia in a mouse model of PCOS. Reductions in circulating insulin levels from NMN treatment moderates adipose expansion and hepatic lipid deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Aflatounian
- Fertility and Research Centre, School of Women's & Children's Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Valentina Rodriguez Paris
- Fertility and Research Centre, School of Women's & Children's Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Dulama Richani
- Fertility and Research Centre, School of Women's & Children's Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Melissa C Edwards
- Fertility and Research Centre, School of Women's & Children's Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Blake J Cochran
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - William L Ledger
- Fertility and Research Centre, School of Women's & Children's Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Robert B Gilchrist
- Fertility and Research Centre, School of Women's & Children's Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Michael J Bertoldo
- Fertility and Research Centre, School of Women's & Children's Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Lindsay E Wu
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
| | - Kirsty A Walters
- Fertility and Research Centre, School of Women's & Children's Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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Bauzá-Thorbrügge M, Banke E, Chanclón B, Peris E, Wu Y, Musovic S, Jönsson C, Strålfors P, Rorsman P, Olofsson CS, Asterholm IW. Adipocyte-specific ablation of the Ca 2+ pump SERCA2 impairs whole-body metabolic function and reveals the diverse metabolic flexibility of white and brown adipose tissue. Mol Metab 2022; 63:101535. [PMID: 35760318 PMCID: PMC9287368 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2022.101535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA) transports Ca2+ from the cytosol into the ER and is essential for appropriate regulation of intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis. The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that SERCA pumps are involved in the regulation of white adipocyte hormone secretion and other aspects of adipose tissue function and that this control is disturbed in obesity-induced type-2 diabetes. METHODS SERCA expression was measured in isolated human and mouse adipocytes as well as in whole mouse adipose tissue by Western blot and RT-qPCR. To test the significance of SERCA2 in adipocyte functionality and whole-body metabolism, we generated adipocyte-specific SERCA2 knockout mice. The mice were metabolically phenotyped by glucose tolerance and tracer studies, histological analyses, measurements of glucose-stimulated insulin release in isolated islets, and gene/protein expression analyses. We also tested the effect of pharmacological SERCA inhibition and genetic SERCA2 ablation in cultured adipocytes. Intracellular and mitochondrial Ca2+ levels were recorded with dual-wavelength ratio imaging and mitochondrial function was assessed by Seahorse technology. RESULTS We demonstrate that SERCA2 is downregulated in white adipocytes from patients with obesity and type-2 diabetes as well as in adipocytes from diet-induced obese mice. SERCA2-ablated adipocytes display disturbed Ca2+ homeostasis associated with upregulated ER stress markers and impaired hormone release. These adipocyte alterations are linked to mild lipodystrophy, reduced adiponectin levels, and impaired glucose tolerance. Interestingly, adipocyte-specific SERCA2 ablation leads to increased glucose uptake in white adipose tissue while glucose uptake is reduced in brown adipose tissue. This dichotomous effect on glucose uptake is due to differently regulated mitochondrial function. In white adipocytes, SERCA2 deficiency triggers an adaptive increase in FGF21, increased mitochondrial UCP1 levels, and increased oxygen consumption rate (OCR). In contrast, brown SERCA2 null adipocytes display reduced OCR despite increased mitochondrial content and UCP1 levels compared to wild type controls. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest causal links between reduced white adipocyte SERCA2 levels, deranged adipocyte Ca2+ homeostasis, adipose tissue dysfunction and type-2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Bauzá-Thorbrügge
- Department of Physiology/Metabolic Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Medicinaregatan 11, SE-405 30 Göteborg, Sweden.
| | - Elin Banke
- Department of Physiology/Metabolic Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Medicinaregatan 11, SE-405 30 Göteborg, Sweden.
| | - Belén Chanclón
- Department of Physiology/Metabolic Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Medicinaregatan 11, SE-405 30 Göteborg, Sweden.
| | - Eduard Peris
- Department of Physiology/Metabolic Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Medicinaregatan 11, SE-405 30 Göteborg, Sweden.
| | - Yanling Wu
- Department of Physiology/Metabolic Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Medicinaregatan 11, SE-405 30 Göteborg, Sweden.
| | - Saliha Musovic
- Department of Physiology/Metabolic Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Medicinaregatan 11, SE-405 30 Göteborg, Sweden.
| | - Cecilia Jönsson
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, SE-58185 Linköping, Sweden.
| | - Peter Strålfors
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, SE-58185 Linköping, Sweden.
| | - Patrik Rorsman
- Department of Physiology/Metabolic Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Medicinaregatan 11, SE-405 30 Göteborg, Sweden; Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX4 7LE, UK.
| | - Charlotta S Olofsson
- Department of Physiology/Metabolic Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Medicinaregatan 11, SE-405 30 Göteborg, Sweden.
| | - Ingrid Wernstedt Asterholm
- Department of Physiology/Metabolic Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Medicinaregatan 11, SE-405 30 Göteborg, Sweden.
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19
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Chandra R, Aryal DK, Douros JD, Shahid R, Davis SJ, Campbell JE, Ilkayeya O, White PJ, Rodriguez R, Newgard CB, Wetsel WC, Liddle RA. Ildr1 gene deletion protects against diet-induced obesity and hyperglycemia. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0270329. [PMID: 35749484 PMCID: PMC9231709 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0270329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Immunoglobulin-like Domain-Containing Receptor 1 (ILDR1) is expressed on nutrient sensing cholecystokinin-positive enteroendocrine cells of the gastrointestinal tract and it has the unique ability to induce fat-mediated CCK secretion. However, the role of ILDR1 in CCK-mediated regulation of satiety is unknown. In this study, we examined the effects of ILDR1 on food intake and metabolic activity using mice with genetically-deleted Ildr1. Methods The expression of ILDR1 in murine tissues and the measurement of adipocyte cell size were evaluated by light and fluorescence confocal microscopy. The effects of Ildr1 deletion on mouse metabolism were quantitated using CLAMS chambers and by targeted metabolomics assays of multiple tissues. Hormone levels were measured by ELISA. The effects of Ildr1 gene deletion on glucose and insulin levels were determined using in vivo oral glucose tolerance, meal tolerance, and insulin tolerance tests, as well as ex vivo islet perifusion. Results ILDR1 is expressed in a wide range of tissues. Analysis of metabolic data revealed that although Ildr1-/- mice consumed more food than wild-type littermates, they gained less weight on a high fat diet and exhibited increased metabolic activity. Adipocytes in Ildr1-/- mice were significantly smaller than in wild-type mice fed either low or high fat diets. ILDR1 was expressed in both alpha and beta cells of pancreatic islets. Based on oral glucose and mixed meal tolerance tests, Ildr1-/- mice were more effective at lowering post-prandial glucose levels, had improved insulin sensitivity, and glucose-regulated insulin secretion was enhanced in mice lacking ILDR1. Conclusion Ildr1 loss significantly modified metabolic activity in these mutant mice. While Ildr1 gene deletion increased high fat food intake, it reduced weight gain and improved glucose tolerance. These findings indicate that ILDR1 modulates metabolic responses to feeding in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi Chandra
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail: (RC); (RAL)
| | - Dipendra K. Aryal
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Jonathan D. Douros
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Rafiq Shahid
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Supriya J. Davis
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Swarthmore College, Swarthmore, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Jonathan E. Campbell
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Olga Ilkayeya
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Phillip J. White
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Ramona Rodriguez
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Mouse Behavioral and Neuroendocrine Analysis Core Facility, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Christopher B. Newgard
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - William C. Wetsel
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Mouse Behavioral and Neuroendocrine Analysis Core Facility, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Rodger A. Liddle
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail: (RC); (RAL)
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20
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Delaney KZ, Santosa S. Sex differences in regional adipose tissue depots pose different threats for the development of Type 2 diabetes in males and females. Obes Rev 2022; 23:e13393. [PMID: 34985183 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) affects males and females disproportionately. In midlife, more males have T2DM than females. The sex difference in T2DM prevalence is, in part, explained by differences in regional adipose tissue characteristics. With obesity, changes to regional adipokine and cytokine release increases the risk of T2DM in both males and females with males having greater levels of TNFα and females having greater levels of leptin, CRP, and adiponectin. Regional immune cell infiltration appears to be pathogenic in both sexes via different routes as males with obesity have greater VAT ATM and a decrease in the protective Treg cells, whereas females have greater SAT ATM and T cells. Lastly, the ability of female adipose tissue to expand all regions through hyperplasia, rather than hypertrophy, protects them against the development of large insulin-resistant adipocytes that dominate male adipose tissue. The objective of this review is to discuss how sex may affect regional differences in adipose tissue characteristics and how these differences may distinguish the development of T2DM in males and females. In doing so, we will show that the origins of T2DM development differ between males and females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerri Z Delaney
- Department of Health, Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, Concordia University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Metabolism, Obesity and Nutrition Lab, PERFORM Centre, Concordia University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Centre de recherche - Axe maladies chroniques, Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux du Nord-de-l'Ile-de-Montréal, Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Sylvia Santosa
- Department of Health, Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, Concordia University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Metabolism, Obesity and Nutrition Lab, PERFORM Centre, Concordia University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Centre de recherche - Axe maladies chroniques, Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux du Nord-de-l'Ile-de-Montréal, Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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21
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Jin YJ, Jang MG, Kim JW, Baek S, Ko HC, Hur SP, Kim SJ. Anti-Obesity Effects of Polymethoxyflavone-Rich Fraction from Jinkyool (Citrus sunki Hort. ex Tanaka) Leaf on Obese Mice Induced by High-Fat Diet. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14040865. [PMID: 35215514 PMCID: PMC8878017 DOI: 10.3390/nu14040865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Polymethoxyflavones (PMFs) are flavonoids exclusively found in certain citrus fruits and have been reported to be beneficial to human health. Most studies have been conducted with PMFs isolated from citrus peels, while there is no study on PMFs isolated from leaves. In this study, we prepared a PMF-rich fraction (PRF) from the leaves of Citrus sunki Hort ex. Tanaka (Jinkyool) and investigated whether the PRF could improve metabolic decline in obese mice induced by a high-fat diet (HFD) for 5 weeks. The HFD-induced obese mice were assigned into HFD, OR (HFD + orlistat at 15.6 mg/kg of body weight/day), and PRF (HFD + 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg of body weight/day) groups. Orlistat and PRF were orally administered for 5 weeks. At the end of the experiment, the serum biochemical parameters, histology, and gene expression profiles in the tissues of each group were analyzed. The body weight gain of the obese mice was significantly reduced after orlistat and PRF administration for 5 weeks. PRF effectively improved HFD-induced insulin resistance and dyslipidemia. Histological analysis in the liver demonstrated that PRF decreased adipocyte size and potentially improved the liver function, as it inhibited the incidence of fatty liver. PRF activated AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), and hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) in HFD-induced obese mice. Moreover, liver transcriptome analysis revealed that PRF administration enriched genes mainly related to fatty-acid metabolism and immune responses. Overall, these results suggest that the PRF exerted an anti-obesity effect via the modulation of lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeong-Jun Jin
- Department of Biology, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea;
| | - Mi-Gyeong Jang
- Biotech Regional Innovation Center, Jeju Nation University, Jeju 63423, Korea; (M.-G.J.); (J.-W.K.); (S.B.)
| | - Jae-Won Kim
- Biotech Regional Innovation Center, Jeju Nation University, Jeju 63423, Korea; (M.-G.J.); (J.-W.K.); (S.B.)
| | - Songyee Baek
- Biotech Regional Innovation Center, Jeju Nation University, Jeju 63423, Korea; (M.-G.J.); (J.-W.K.); (S.B.)
| | - Hee-Chul Ko
- Jeju Institute of Korean Medicine, Jeju 63309, Korea;
| | - Sung-Pyo Hur
- Jeju International Marine Science Research & Logistics Center, Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology, Gujwa, Jeju 63349, Korea;
| | - Se-Jae Kim
- Department of Biology, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea;
- Biotech Regional Innovation Center, Jeju Nation University, Jeju 63423, Korea; (M.-G.J.); (J.-W.K.); (S.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-64-754-3529
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22
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Sakers A, De Siqueira MK, Seale P, Villanueva CJ. Adipose-tissue plasticity in health and disease. Cell 2022; 185:419-446. [PMID: 35120662 PMCID: PMC11152570 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 259] [Impact Index Per Article: 129.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Adipose tissue, colloquially known as "fat," is an extraordinarily flexible and heterogeneous organ. While historically viewed as a passive site for energy storage, we now appreciate that adipose tissue regulates many aspects of whole-body physiology, including food intake, maintenance of energy levels, insulin sensitivity, body temperature, and immune responses. A crucial property of adipose tissue is its high degree of plasticity. Physiologic stimuli induce dramatic alterations in adipose-tissue metabolism, structure, and phenotype to meet the needs of the organism. Limitations to this plasticity cause diminished or aberrant responses to physiologic cues and drive the progression of cardiometabolic disease along with other pathological consequences of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Sakers
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity & Metabolism, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Mirian Krystel De Siqueira
- Molecular, Cellular & Integrative Physiology Program, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-7070 USA; Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-7070 USA
| | - Patrick Seale
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity & Metabolism, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA.
| | - Claudio J Villanueva
- Molecular, Cellular & Integrative Physiology Program, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-7070 USA; Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-7070 USA.
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23
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Yang C, Wei J, Cao G, Cai Z. Lipid metabolism dysfunction and toxicity of BDE-47 exposure in white adipose tissue revealed by the integration of lipidomics and metabolomics. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 806:150350. [PMID: 34555606 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
2,2',4,4'-Tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-47) is one of the main and toxic congeners of polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) family and considered to be associated with the development of obesity. However, little is known about its direct metabolic alterations on white adipose tissue (WAT). In this study, we evaluated the impacts of BDE-47 exposure on WAT dysfunctions in mice fed with low-fat diet (LFD) or high-fat diet (HFD) by the integration analysis of mass spectrometry-based metabolomics and lipidomics. The results showed that BDE-47 exposure together with HFD intervention induced adipocyte hypertrophy and accelerated the weight gain of WAT, whereas no obvious effects were observed in mice fed with LFD. The combination of BDE-47 and HFD induced intolerable levels of metabolites in purine and glutathione metabolism pathways, sufficient to increase oxidative stress in WAT. Importantly, continuous exposure of BDE-47 in HFD -fed mice caused lipid metabolism dysfunction by promoting fatty acid uptake and de novo synthesis and suppressing β-oxidation, ultimately leading to the accumulation of saturated fatty acids, triglycerides in WAT. At the same time, BDE-47 increased inflammatory infiltration into WAT, consequently promoting the productions of cytokines, TNFα and IL-6, in HFD fed mice. It is found that dysfunction of lipid metabolism and increasing inflammation led to lipotoxicity in WAT and severe obesity in HFD mice. Taken together, our findings deepen the understanding of the obesogenic effect of BDE-47 and help identify new potential strategies for clarifying the molecular and metabolic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxue Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Juntong Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Guodong Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zongwei Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China.
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24
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Frasca D, Strbo N. Effects of Obesity on Infections with Emphasis on Skin Infections and Wound Healing. JOURNAL OF DERMATOLOGY AND SKIN SCIENCE 2022; 4:5-10. [PMID: 37621853 PMCID: PMC10448872 DOI: 10.29245/2767-5092/2022/3.1157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Obesity represents a serious health problem as it is rapidly increasing worldwide. Obesity is associated with reduced health span and life span, decreased responses to infections and vaccination and increased frequency of inflammatory conditions. In this review, we summarize published data showing that obesity increases the risk of different types of infections, with a special focus on skin infections. Obesity also induces skin changes and conditions (inflammation-based and hypertrophic) which are often associated with fungi or bacteria overgrowth. The association of obesity with the skin microbiome has been established in both mice and humans. Balance of commensal microbes controls skin homeostasis and the host immune response, while changes in normal physiologic skin microbiome composition and pathologic bacteria contribute to skin diseases. We also summarize the major steps in wound healing and how obesity affects each of them. The role that immune cells have in this process is also described. Although the studies summarized in this review clearly demonstrate the deleterious effects of obesity on wound healing, additional studies are needed to better characterize the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved and identify specific targets of intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Frasca
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL USA
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL USA
| | - Natasa Strbo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL USA
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL USA
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25
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Hulme KD, Noye EC, Short KR, Labzin LI. Dysregulated Inflammation During Obesity: Driving Disease Severity in Influenza Virus and SARS-CoV-2 Infections. Front Immunol 2021; 12:770066. [PMID: 34777390 PMCID: PMC8581451 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.770066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute inflammation is a critical host defense response during viral infection. When dysregulated, inflammation drives immunopathology and tissue damage. Excessive, damaging inflammation is a hallmark of both pandemic influenza A virus (IAV) infections and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections. Chronic, low-grade inflammation is also a feature of obesity. In recent years, obesity has been recognized as a growing pandemic with significant mortality and associated costs. Obesity is also an independent risk factor for increased disease severity and death during both IAV and SARS-CoV-2 infection. This review focuses on the effect of obesity on the inflammatory response in the context of viral respiratory infections and how this leads to increased viral pathology. Here, we will review the fundamentals of inflammation, how it is initiated in IAV and SARS-CoV-2 infection and its link to disease severity. We will examine how obesity drives chronic inflammation and trained immunity and how these impact the immune response to IAV and SARS-CoV-2. Finally, we review both medical and non-medical interventions for obesity, how they impact on the inflammatory response and how they could be used to prevent disease severity in obese patients. As projections of global obesity numbers show no sign of slowing down, future pandemic preparedness will require us to consider the metabolic health of the population. Furthermore, if weight-loss alone is insufficient to reduce the risk of increased respiratory virus-related mortality, closer attention must be paid to a patient’s history of health, and new therapeutic options identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katina D Hulme
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Ellesandra C Noye
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Kirsty R Short
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Larisa I Labzin
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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26
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The aetiology and molecular landscape of insulin resistance. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2021; 22:751-771. [PMID: 34285405 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-021-00390-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 211] [Impact Index Per Article: 70.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Insulin resistance, defined as a defect in insulin-mediated control of glucose metabolism in tissues - prominently in muscle, fat and liver - is one of the earliest manifestations of a constellation of human diseases that includes type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. These diseases are typically associated with intertwined metabolic abnormalities, including obesity, hyperinsulinaemia, hyperglycaemia and hyperlipidaemia. Insulin resistance is caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Recent genetic and biochemical studies suggest a key role for adipose tissue in the development of insulin resistance, potentially by releasing lipids and other circulating factors that promote insulin resistance in other organs. These extracellular factors perturb the intracellular concentration of a range of intermediates, including ceramide and other lipids, leading to defects in responsiveness of cells to insulin. Such intermediates may cause insulin resistance by inhibiting one or more of the proximal components in the signalling cascade downstream of insulin (insulin receptor, insulin receptor substrate (IRS) proteins or AKT). However, there is now evidence to support the view that insulin resistance is a heterogeneous disorder that may variably arise in a range of metabolic tissues and that the mechanism for this effect likely involves a unified insulin resistance pathway that affects a distal step in the insulin action pathway that is more closely linked to the terminal biological response. Identifying these targets is of major importance, as it will reveal potential new targets for treatments of diseases associated with insulin resistance.
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27
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Assem M, Amin M, Khalafallah O, Hussien A, Saif A, Mousa S. Hypoadiponectinemia as a marker of increased cardiovascular risk in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: correlation with albumin/creatinine ratio. ARCHIVES OF ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM 2021; 65:93-97. [PMID: 33166436 PMCID: PMC10528700 DOI: 10.20945/2359-3997000000307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We assessed plasma adiponectin and its correlation with carotid intima-media-thickness (CIMT), as a marker of atherosclerosis, and urine albumin/creatinine ratio (ACR) in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). METHODS The study included 100 Egyptian subjects (50 patients with NAFLD with no history of diabetes or hypertension and 50 age and sex-matched normal healthy control subjects). Urine albumin/creatinine ratio (ACR) was assessed in all participants and fasting plasma adiponectin was measured using ELISA technique. Ultrasonography was used to diagnose NAFLD. CIMT was assessed using high-resolution Doppler ultrasonography. RESULTS Mild albuminuria was detected in patients with NAFLD (mean urine ACR = 42 ± 30 mg/g). Plasma adiponectin was significantly lower and urine ACR and CIMT significantly higher in patients with NAFLD as compared with the control group (P < 0.001 for all). A significant negative correlation was found between plasma adiponectin and both urine ACR and CIMT in patients with NAFLD (P < 0.001 and < 0.05 respectively). A significant positive correlation was also found between CIMT and urine ACR in those patients (P < 0.05). Plasma adiponectin and urine ACR were independent determinants of CIMT in patients with NAFLD (P < 0.01 and < 0.05 respectively). CONCLUSION Patients with NAFLD, without diabetes, have an increased risk of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease. Hypoadiponectinemia and low-grade albuminuria are important markers of that risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha Assem
- Internal Medicine Department, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mona Amin
- Internal Medicine Department, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Osama Khalafallah
- Clinical and Chemical Pathology Department, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Hussien
- Internal Medicine Department, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Aasem Saif
- Internal Medicine Department, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt, ;
| | - Shrook Mousa
- Internal Medicine Department, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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28
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Cha HG, Kim DG, Chang J, Song Y, Jeong S, Nam SM, Wee SY, Cho KW, Choi CY. "Fasting: An Effective Preconditioning Method to Increase Fat Graft Survival". Aesthetic Plast Surg 2021; 46:1439-1449. [PMID: 34676429 DOI: 10.1007/s00266-021-02630-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most preconditioning techniques before fat grafting require external manipulation. Since nutrition is the main factor maintaining the balance of lipogenesis and lipolysis, we hypothesized that fasting before undergoing autologous fat grafting may increase lipolysis and reduce adipocyte size, thereby improving the fat graft survival rate. METHODS C57BL/6 mice were divided into 24 h starved or fed groups. Adipose tissue lipolysis, adipogenesis, and angiogenesis-related gene expression, in fat from both groups, were analyzed. The volume and weight of the grafted fat at 4-8 weeks postoperatively were measured using micro-computed tomography. Immunohistochemistry staining and mRNA expression analysis were also performed to evaluate the effect of fasting on fat graft survival. RESULTS Fasting decreased adipocyte size by inducing adipose tissue lipolysis. Adipogenesis-related genes were remarkably downregulated while lipolysis-related genes and angiogenesis inducer genes were significantly upregulated in the starved adipose tissue. The mice grafted with the fat from the 24 h starved group had approximately 20% larger volumes and considerably heavier weights than those from the fed group. Increased viable adipocytes and vessels, and reduced macrophages in the fat grafts obtained from the 24 h starved group were also observed. CONCLUSIONS Fasting for 24 h before harvesting fat increased the retention volume of fat graft by increasing angiogenesis via VEGF induction. Therefore, fasting would be a novel and reliable preconditioning strategy to improve graft survival in autologous fat grafting. NO LEVEL ASSIGNED This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each submission to which Evidence-Based Medicine rankings are applicable. This excludes Review Articles, Book Reviews, and manuscripts that concern Basic Science, Animal Studies, Cadaver Studies, and Experimental Studies. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Gyu Cha
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, 170 Jomaru-ro, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Dong Gyu Kim
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, 170 Jomaru-ro, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Jiyeon Chang
- Department of Integrated of Biomedical Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Korea
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-Bio Science (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Yuri Song
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-Bio Science (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Seongfeel Jeong
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-Bio Science (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Seung Min Nam
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, 170 Jomaru-ro, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Syeo Young Wee
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Soonchunhyang University Gumi Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Gumi, Korea
| | - Kae Won Cho
- Department of Integrated of Biomedical Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Korea.
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-Bio Science (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Korea.
| | - Chang Yong Choi
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, 170 Jomaru-ro, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea.
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29
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Sharma A, Mah M, Ritchie RH, De Blasio MJ. The adiponectin signalling pathway - A therapeutic target for the cardiac complications of type 2 diabetes? Pharmacol Ther 2021; 232:108008. [PMID: 34610378 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.108008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes is associated with an increased risk of heart failure (HF). This is commonly termed diabetic cardiomyopathy and is often characterised by increased cardiac fibrosis, pathological hypertrophy, increased oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum stress as well as diastolic dysfunction. Adiponectin is a cardioprotective adipokine that is downregulated in settings of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and obesity. Furthermore, both adiponectin receptors (AdipoR1 and R2) are also downregulated in these settings which further results in impaired cardiac adiponectin signalling and reduced cardioprotection. In many cardiac pathologies, adiponectin signalling has been shown to protect against cardiac remodelling and lipotoxicity, however its cardioprotective actions in T2D-induced cardiomyopathy remain unresolved. Diabetic cardiomyopathy has historically lacked effective treatment options. In this review, we summarise the current evidence for links between the suppressed adiponectin signalling pathway and cardiac dysfunction, in diabetes. We describe adiponectin receptor-mediated signalling pathways that are normally associated with cardioprotection, as well as current and potential future therapeutic approaches that could target this pathway as possible interventions for diabetic cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhipree Sharma
- Heart Failure Pharmacology, Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Michael Mah
- Heart Failure Pharmacology, Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Rebecca H Ritchie
- Heart Failure Pharmacology, Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; Department of Medicine, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Miles J De Blasio
- Heart Failure Pharmacology, Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia.
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Valencia-Ortega J, Saucedo R, Sánchez-Rodríguez MA, Cruz-Durán JG, Martínez EGR. Epigenetic Alterations Related to Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179462. [PMID: 34502370 PMCID: PMC8430976 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is the most common metabolic complication in pregnancy, which affects the future health of both the mother and the newborn. Its pathophysiology involves nutritional, hormonal, immunological, genetic and epigenetic factors. Among the latter, it has been observed that alterations in DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) methylation patterns and in the levels of certain micro RNAs, whether in placenta or adipose tissue, are related to well-known characteristics of the disease, such as hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, inflammation and excessive placental growth. Furthermore, epigenetic alterations of gestational diabetes mellitus are observable in maternal blood, although their pathophysiological roles are completely unknown. Despite this, it has not been possible to determine the causes of the epigenetic characteristics of GDM, highlighting the need for integral and longitudinal studies. Based on this, this article summarizes the most relevant and recent studies on epigenetic alterations in placenta, adipose tissue and maternal blood associated with GDM in order to provide the reader with a general overview of the subject and indicate future research topics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Valencia-Ortega
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Endocrinas, UMAE Hospital de Especialidades, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City 06600, Mexico;
| | - Renata Saucedo
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Endocrinas, UMAE Hospital de Especialidades, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City 06600, Mexico;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-55887521
| | - Martha A. Sánchez-Rodríguez
- Unidad de Investigación en Gerontología, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza, Universidad Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico;
| | - José G. Cruz-Durán
- UMAE Hospital de Gineco-Obstetricia No. 3, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City 06600, Mexico;
| | - Edgar G. Ramos Martínez
- Universidad Autónoma Benito Juárez de Oaxaca and Instituto de Cómputo Aplicado en Ciencias, Oaxaca 68120, Mexico;
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de Medeiros SF, Rodgers RJ, Norman RJ. Adipocyte and steroidogenic cell cross-talk in polycystic ovary syndrome. Hum Reprod Update 2021; 27:771-796. [PMID: 33764457 DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmab004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic and endocrine alterations in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) affect adipose tissue mass and distribution. PCOS is characterised by hyperandrogenism, obesity and adipocyte dysfunction. Hyperandrogenism in PCOS drives dysfunctional adipocyte secretion of potentially harmful adipocytokines. Glucocorticoids and sex-steroids modulate adipocyte development and function. For their part, adipocyte products interact with adrenal and ovarian steroidogenic cells. Currently, the relationship between adipocyte and steroidogenic cells is not clear, and for these reasons, it is important to elucidate the interrelationship between these cells in women with and without PCOS. OBJECTIVE AND RATIONALE This comprehensive review aims to assess current knowledge regarding the interrelationship between adipocytes and adrenal and ovarian steroidogenic cells in animal models and humans with or without PCOS. SEARCH METHODS We searched for articles published in English and Portuguese in PubMed. Keywords were as follows: polycystic ovary syndrome, steroidogenesis, adrenal glands, theca cells, granulosa cells, adipocytes, adipocytokines, obesity, enzyme activation, and cytochrome P450 enzymes. We expanded the search into the references from the retrieved articles. OUTCOMES Glucocorticoids and sex-steroids modulate adipocyte differentiation and function. Dysfunctional adipocyte products play important roles in the metabolic and endocrine pathways in animals and women with PCOS. Most adipokines participate in the regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal and ovarian axes. In animal models of PCOS, hyperinsulinemia and poor fertility are common; various adipokines modulate ovarian steroidogenesis, depending on the species. Women with PCOS secrete unbalanced levels of adipocyte products, characterised by higher levels of leptin and lower levels of adiponectin. Leptin expression positively correlates with body mass index, waist/hip ratio and levels of total cholesterol, triglyceride, luteinising hormone, oestradiol and androgens. Leptin inhibits the production of oestradiol and, in granulosa cells, may modulate 17-hydroxylase and aromatase enzyme activities. Adiponectin levels negatively correlate with fat mass, body mass index, waist-hip ratio, glucose, insulin and triglycerides, and decrease androgen production by altering expression of luteinising hormone receptor, steroidogenic acute regulatory protein, cholesterol-side-chain cleavage enzyme and 17-hydroxylase. Resistin expression positively correlates with body mass index and testosterone, and promotes the expression of 17-hydroxylase enzyme in theca cells. The potential benefits of adipokines in the treatment of women with PCOS require more investigation. WIDER IMPLICATIONS The current data regarding the relationship between adipocyte products and steroidogenic cells are conflicting in animals and humans. Polycystic ovary syndrome is an excellent model to investigate the interrelationship among adipocyte and steroidogenic cells. Women with PCOS manifest some pathological conditions associated with hyperandrogenism and adipocyte products. In animals, cross-talk between cells may vary according to species, and the current review suggests opportunities to test new medications to prevent or even reverse several harmful sequelae of PCOS in humans. Further studies are required to investigate the possible therapeutic application of adipokines in women with obese and non-obese PCOS. Meanwhile, when appropriate, metformin use alone, or associated with flutamide, may be considered for therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastião Freitas de Medeiros
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Medical School, Federal University of Mato Grosso; and Tropical Institute of Reproductive Medicine,Cuiabá, MT, Brazil
| | - Raymond Joseph Rodgers
- Paediatrics and Reproductive Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Robert John Norman
- Robinson Research Institute Adelaide Medical School, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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Dietary Management of Type 2 Diabetes in the MENA Region: A Review of the Evidence. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13041060. [PMID: 33805161 PMCID: PMC8064070 DOI: 10.3390/nu13041060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The alarmingly rising trend of type 2 diabetes constitutes a major global public health challenge particularly in the Middle Eastern and North African (MENA) region where the prevalence is among the highest in the world with a projection to increase by 96% by 2045. The economic boom in the MENA region over the past decades has brought exceptionally rapid shifts in eating habits characterized by divergence from the traditional Mediterranean diet towards a more westernized unhealthy dietary pattern, thought to be leading to the dramatic rises in obesity and non-communicable diseases. Research efforts have brought a greater understanding of the different pathways through which diet and obesity may affect diabetes clinical outcomes, emphasizing the crucial role of dietary interventions and weight loss in the prevention and management of diabetes. The purpose of this review is to explore the mechanistic pathways linking obesity with diabetes and to summarize the most recent evidence on the association of the intake of different macronutrients and food groups with the risk of type 2 diabetes. We also summarize the most recent evidence on the effectiveness of different macronutrient manipulations in the prevention and management of diabetes while highlighting the possible underlying mechanisms of action and latest evidence-based recommendations. We finally discuss the need to adequately integrate dietetic services in diabetes care specific to the MENA region and conclude with recommendations to improve dietetic care for diabetes in the region.
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Maeda R, Kami D, Shikuma A, Suzuki Y, Taya T, Matoba S, Gojo S. RNA decay in processing bodies is indispensable for adipogenesis. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:285. [PMID: 33731683 PMCID: PMC7969960 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03537-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The RNA decay pathway plays key regulatory roles in cell identities and differentiation processes. Although adipogenesis is transcriptionally and epigenetically regulated and has been thoroughly investigated, how RNA metabolism that contributes to the stability of phenotype-shaping transcriptomes participates in differentiation remains elusive. In this study, we investigated Ddx6, an essential component of processing bodies (PBs) that executes RNA decay and translational repression in the cytoplasm and participates in the cellular transition of reprogramming. Upon adipogenic induction, Ddx6 dynamically accumulated to form PBs with a binding partner, 4E-T, at the early phase prior to emergence of intracellular lipid droplets. In contrast, preadipocytes with Ddx6 knockout (KO) or 4E-T knockdown (KD) failed to generate PBs, resulting in significant suppression of adipogenesis. Transcription factors related to preadipocytes and negative regulators of adipogenesis that were not expressed under adipogenic stimulation were maintained in Ddx6-KO and 4E-T-KD preadipocytes under adipogenic induction. Elimination of Dlk1, a major negative regulator of adipogenesis, in 3T3L1 Ddx6-KO cells did not restore adipogenic differentiation capacity to any extent. Similar to murine cells, human primary mesenchymal stem cells, which can differentiate into adipocytes upon stimulation with adipogenic cocktails, required DDX6 to maturate into adipocytes. Therefore, RNA decay of the entire parental transcriptome, rather than removal of a strong negative regulator, could be indispensable for adipogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryotaro Maeda
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kami
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Akira Shikuma
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yosuke Suzuki
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Taya
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Satoaki Matoba
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Satoshi Gojo
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
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Wegeberg AM, Meldgaard T, Baek A, Drewes AM, Vyberg M, Jessen N, Brock B, Brock C. Subcutaneous adipose tissue composition and function are unaffected by liraglutide-induced weight loss in adults with type 1 diabetes. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2021; 128:773-782. [PMID: 33624417 PMCID: PMC8251841 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.13575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Adipose tissue is the primary energy reservoir of the human body, which also possesses endocrine functions. The glucagon‐like peptide agonist liraglutide produces weight loss, although the specific effects on adipose tissue are unknown. We aimed to characterize the white adipose tissue composition and pericellular fibrosis of subcutaneous adipose tissue in response to liraglutide treatment. Furthermore, we explored the level of circulating free fatty acids, cluster of differentiation 163 (CD163) macrophage marker, leptin and adiponectin. Thirty‐nine adults with type 1 diabetes and polyneuropathy were randomly assigned to 26 weeks of liraglutide or placebo treatment. Biopsies of subcutaneous tissue were formalin‐fixed stained with picrosirius red to visualize collagen or immunohistochemically stained for CD163. Serum concentrations of free fatty acids, CD163, leptin and adiponectin were assessed with immunoassays or multiplex panels. In comparison with placebo, liraglutide induced weight loss (3.38 kg, 95% CI −5.29; −1.48, P < 0.001), but did not cause any differences in cell size, distribution of CD163‐positive cells, pericellular fibrosis and serum levels of free fatty acids, CD163, leptin or adiponectin (all P < 0.1). Additionally, no associations between weight loss, cell size and serum markers were found (all P > 0.08). In conclusion, despite liraglutide's effect on weight loss, sustained alterations in subcutaneous adipose tissue did not seem to appear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Marie Wegeberg
- Mech-Sense, Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark.,Clinical Institute, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Theresa Meldgaard
- Mech-Sense, Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Amanda Baek
- The Research Laboratory for Biochemical Pathology, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Asbjørn Mohr Drewes
- Mech-Sense, Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark.,Clinical Institute, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark.,Steno Diabetes Center North Denmark, Aalborg University Hospital and Clinical Institute, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Mogens Vyberg
- Clinical Institute, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Niels Jessen
- The Research Laboratory for Biochemical Pathology, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Christina Brock
- Mech-Sense, Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark.,Clinical Institute, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark.,Steno Diabetes Center North Denmark, Aalborg University Hospital and Clinical Institute, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
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Keshavjee SH, Schwenger KJP, Yadav J, Jackson TD, Okrainec A, Allard JP. Factors Affecting Metabolic Outcomes Post Bariatric Surgery: Role of Adipose Tissue. J Clin Med 2021; 10:714. [PMID: 33670215 PMCID: PMC7916950 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10040714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is an ever-growing public health crisis, and bariatric surgery (BS) has become a valuable tool in ameliorating obesity, along with comorbid conditions such as diabetes, dyslipidemia and hypertension. BS techniques have come a long way, leading to impressive improvements in the health of the majority of patients. Unfortunately, not every patient responds optimally to BS and there is no method that is sufficient to pre-operatively predict who will receive maximum benefit from this surgical intervention. This review focuses on the adipose tissue characteristics and related parameters that may affect outcomes, as well as the potential influences of insulin resistance, BMI, age, psychologic and genetic factors. Understanding the role of these factors may help predict who will benefit the most from BS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara H. Keshavjee
- Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA;
| | - Katherine J. P. Schwenger
- Division of Gastroenterology, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2N2, Canada;
| | - Jitender Yadav
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada;
| | - Timothy D. Jackson
- Division of General Surgery, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, Canada; (T.D.J.); (A.O.)
| | - Allan Okrainec
- Division of General Surgery, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, Canada; (T.D.J.); (A.O.)
| | - Johane P. Allard
- Division of Gastroenterology, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2N2, Canada;
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Kluwe B, Zhao S, Kline D, Ortiz R, Brock G, Echouffo-Tcheugui JB, Sims M, Kalyani RR, Golden SH, Joseph JJ. Adiposity Measures and Morning Serum Cortisol in African Americans: Jackson Heart Study. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2021; 29:418-427. [PMID: 33491313 PMCID: PMC9017492 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Altered hormonal regulation, including cortisol, is a proposed mechanism linking adiposity to obesity-related disorders. We examined the association of anthropometric, adipokine, and body fat distribution measures of adiposity with morning serum cortisol in an African American (AA) cohort. METHODS We investigated the cross-sectional associations of adiposity measures (BMI, waist circumference, leptin, adiponectin, leptin:adiponectin ratio, subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue) and liver attenuation with cortisol in the Jackson Heart Study. Linear regression models were used to analyze the association between exposures and cortisol. Models were adjusted for multiple covariates. RESULTS Among 4,211 participants, a 1-SD higher BMI and waist circumference were associated with a 3.92% and 3.05% lower cortisol, respectively. A 1-SD higher leptin and leptin:adiponectin ratio were associated with a 6.48% and 4.97% lower morning serum cortisol, respectively. A 1-SD higher subcutaneous adipose tissue was associated with a 4.97% lower cortisol (all P < 0.001). There were no associations of liver attenuation or visceral adipose tissue with cortisol. CONCLUSIONS Several measures of adiposity are associated with lower morning serum cortisol among AAs, with leptin having the greatest magnitude. Future studies examining the role of morning serum cortisol in the pathway from adiposity to cardiometabolic disease in AAs are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bjorn Kluwe
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Songzhu Zhao
- Department of Biomedical Informatics and Center for Biostatistics, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - David Kline
- Department of Biomedical Informatics and Center for Biostatistics, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Robin Ortiz
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Guy Brock
- Department of Biomedical Informatics and Center for Biostatistics, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Justin B. Echouffo-Tcheugui
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Mario Sims
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, University of Mississippi, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
| | - Rita R. Kalyani
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Sherita H. Golden
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Joshua J. Joseph
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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Suárez-Cuenca JA, De La Peña-Sosa G, De La Vega-Moreno K, Banderas-Lares DZ, Salamanca-García M, Martínez-Hernández JE, Vera-Gómez E, Hernández-Patricio A, Zamora-Alemán CR, Domínguez-Pérez GA, Ruíz-Hernández AS, Gutiérrez-Buendía JA, Melchor-López A, Ortíz-Fernández M, Montoya-Ramírez J, Gaytán-Fuentes OF, Toríz-Ortíz A, Osorio-Valero M, Orozco-Vázquez J, Alcaráz-Estrada SL, Rodríguez-Arellano ME, Maldonado-Arriaga B, Pérez-Cabeza de Vaca R, Escamilla-Tilch M, Pineda-Juárez JA, Téllez-González MA, García S, Mondragón-Terán P. Enlarged adipocytes from subcutaneous vs. visceral adipose tissue differentially contribute to metabolic dysfunction and atherogenic risk of patients with obesity. Sci Rep 2021; 11:1831. [PMID: 33469087 PMCID: PMC7815822 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-81289-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Morphological characteristics and source of adipose tissue as well as adipokines may increase cardiometabolic risk. This study aimed to explore whether adipose tissue characteristics may impact metabolic and atherogenic risks. Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue (SAT), Visceral Adipose Tissue (VAT) and peripheral blood were obtained from obese patients submitted to bariatric surgery. Adipose tissue (morphometry), plasma adiponectin, TNF-α, resistin (multiplexing) and biochemical chemistry were analyzed; as well as endothelial dysfunction (Flow Mediated Dilation, FMD) and atherogenesis (Carotid Intima Media Thickness, CIMT). Subgroups divided by adipocyte size and source were compared; as well as correlation and multivariate analysis. Sixty patients 36.6% males, aged 44 years-old, BMI 46.7 kg/m2 were included. SAT's adipocytes showed a lower range of size expandability than VAT's adipocytes. Independent from their source, larger adipocytes were associated with higher glucose, lower adiponectin and higher CIMT. Particularly, larger adipocytes from SAT were associated with higher blood pressure, lower insulin and HDL-cholesterol; and showed positive correlation with glucose, HbA1c, systolic/diastolic values, and negatively correlated with insulin and adiponectin. VAT's larger adipocytes particularly associated with lower resistin and lower FMD values. Gender and Diabetes Mellitus significantly impacted the relation of adipocyte size/source with the metabolic and atherogenic risk. Multivariable analysis suggested hypertension-resistin-HbA1c interactions associated with SAT's larger adipocytes; whereas potential insulin-adiponectin associations were observed for VAT's larger adipocytes. Adipocyte morphology and source are differentially related with cardiometabolic and atherogenic risk in population with obesity, which are potentially affected by gender and Diabetes Mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Antonio Suárez-Cuenca
- Laboratory of Experimental Metabolism and Clinical Research, Division of Research, Department of Clinical Research, Centro Médico Nacional "20 de Noviembre", ISSSTE, 502, San Lorenzo, Colonia Del Valle, Delegación Benito Juárez, 03100, Mexico City, Mexico.
- Internal Medicine Department, H.G.Z. No. 58 "Manuel Ávila Camacho", IMSS, and Hospital General "Xoco" SS CDMX, 03340, Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Gustavo De La Peña-Sosa
- Laboratory of Experimental Metabolism and Clinical Research, Division of Research, Department of Clinical Research, Centro Médico Nacional "20 de Noviembre", ISSSTE, 502, San Lorenzo, Colonia Del Valle, Delegación Benito Juárez, 03100, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Karen De La Vega-Moreno
- Laboratory of Experimental Metabolism and Clinical Research, Division of Research, Department of Clinical Research, Centro Médico Nacional "20 de Noviembre", ISSSTE, 502, San Lorenzo, Colonia Del Valle, Delegación Benito Juárez, 03100, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Diana Zaineff Banderas-Lares
- Laboratory of Experimental Metabolism and Clinical Research, Division of Research, Department of Clinical Research, Centro Médico Nacional "20 de Noviembre", ISSSTE, 502, San Lorenzo, Colonia Del Valle, Delegación Benito Juárez, 03100, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Moisés Salamanca-García
- Pathology Department, Centro Médico Nacional "20 de Noviembre", ISSSTE, 03104, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - José Enrique Martínez-Hernández
- Laboratory of Experimental Metabolism and Clinical Research, Division of Research, Department of Clinical Research, Centro Médico Nacional "20 de Noviembre", ISSSTE, 502, San Lorenzo, Colonia Del Valle, Delegación Benito Juárez, 03100, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Eduardo Vera-Gómez
- Laboratory of Experimental Metabolism and Clinical Research, Division of Research, Department of Clinical Research, Centro Médico Nacional "20 de Noviembre", ISSSTE, 502, San Lorenzo, Colonia Del Valle, Delegación Benito Juárez, 03100, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Hernández-Patricio
- Laboratory of Experimental Metabolism and Clinical Research, Division of Research, Department of Clinical Research, Centro Médico Nacional "20 de Noviembre", ISSSTE, 502, San Lorenzo, Colonia Del Valle, Delegación Benito Juárez, 03100, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Carlos Ramiro Zamora-Alemán
- Laboratory of Experimental Metabolism and Clinical Research, Division of Research, Department of Clinical Research, Centro Médico Nacional "20 de Noviembre", ISSSTE, 502, San Lorenzo, Colonia Del Valle, Delegación Benito Juárez, 03100, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Gabriela Alexandra Domínguez-Pérez
- Laboratory of Experimental Metabolism and Clinical Research, Division of Research, Department of Clinical Research, Centro Médico Nacional "20 de Noviembre", ISSSTE, 502, San Lorenzo, Colonia Del Valle, Delegación Benito Juárez, 03100, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Atzín Suá Ruíz-Hernández
- Laboratory of Experimental Metabolism and Clinical Research, Division of Research, Department of Clinical Research, Centro Médico Nacional "20 de Noviembre", ISSSTE, 502, San Lorenzo, Colonia Del Valle, Delegación Benito Juárez, 03100, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Juan Ariel Gutiérrez-Buendía
- Laboratory of Experimental Metabolism and Clinical Research, Division of Research, Department of Clinical Research, Centro Médico Nacional "20 de Noviembre", ISSSTE, 502, San Lorenzo, Colonia Del Valle, Delegación Benito Juárez, 03100, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alberto Melchor-López
- Internal Medicine Department, H.G.Z. No. 8 "Gilberto Flores Izquierdo", IMSS and Hospital General "Xoco" SS CDMX, 03340, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Moisés Ortíz-Fernández
- Bariatric Surgery Department, Centro Médico Nacional "20 de Noviembre", ISSSTE, 03100, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jesús Montoya-Ramírez
- Bariatric Surgery Department, Centro Médico Nacional "20 de Noviembre", ISSSTE, 03100, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Omar Felipe Gaytán-Fuentes
- Bariatric Surgery Department, Centro Médico Nacional "20 de Noviembre", ISSSTE, 03100, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Angélica Toríz-Ortíz
- Diagnostic Imaging Department, Centro Médico Nacional "20 de Noviembre", ISSSTE, 03100, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Mario Osorio-Valero
- Diagnostic Imaging Department, Centro Médico Nacional "20 de Noviembre", ISSSTE, 03100, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Julita Orozco-Vázquez
- Diagnostic Imaging Department, Centro Médico Nacional "20 de Noviembre", ISSSTE, 03100, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | | | - Brenda Maldonado-Arriaga
- Laboratory of Experimental Metabolism and Clinical Research, Division of Research, Department of Clinical Research, Centro Médico Nacional "20 de Noviembre", ISSSTE, 502, San Lorenzo, Colonia Del Valle, Delegación Benito Juárez, 03100, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rebeca Pérez-Cabeza de Vaca
- Coordination of Research and Tissue Engineering & Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Centro Médico Nacional "20 de Noviembre", ISSSTE, 03100, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Mónica Escamilla-Tilch
- Coordination of Research and Tissue Engineering & Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Centro Médico Nacional "20 de Noviembre", ISSSTE, 03100, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Juan Antonio Pineda-Juárez
- Coordination of Research and Tissue Engineering & Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Centro Médico Nacional "20 de Noviembre", ISSSTE, 03100, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Mario Antonio Téllez-González
- Coordination of Research and Tissue Engineering & Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Centro Médico Nacional "20 de Noviembre", ISSSTE, 03100, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Silvia García
- Laboratory of Experimental Metabolism and Clinical Research, Division of Research, Department of Clinical Research, Centro Médico Nacional "20 de Noviembre", ISSSTE, 502, San Lorenzo, Colonia Del Valle, Delegación Benito Juárez, 03100, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Paul Mondragón-Terán
- Coordination of Research and Tissue Engineering & Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Centro Médico Nacional "20 de Noviembre", ISSSTE, 03100, Mexico City, Mexico
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A distribution-centered approach for analyzing human adipocyte size estimates and their association with obesity-related traits and mitochondrial function. Int J Obes (Lond) 2021; 45:2108-2117. [PMID: 34172828 PMCID: PMC8380540 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-021-00883-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cell diameter, area, and volume are established quantitative measures of adipocyte size. However, these different adipocyte sizing parameters have not yet been directly compared regarding their distributions. Therefore, the study aimed to investigate how these adipocyte size measures differ in their distribution and assessed their correlation with anthropometry and laboratory chemistry. In addition, we were interested to investigate the relationship between fat cell size and adipocyte mitochondrial respiratory chain capacity. METHODS Subcutaneous and visceral histology-based adipocyte size estimates from 188 individuals were analyzed by applying a panel of parameters to describe the underlying cell population. Histology-based adipocyte diameter distributions were compared with adipocyte diameter distributions from collagenase digestion. Associations of mean adipocyte size with body mass index (BMI), glucose, HbA1C, blood lipids as well as mature adipocyte mitochondrial respiration were investigated. RESULTS All adipocyte area estimates derived from adipose tissue histology were not normally distributed, but rather characterized by positive skewness. The shape of the size distribution depends on the adipocyte sizing parameter and on the method used to determine adipocyte size. Despite different distribution shapes histology-derived adipocyte area, diameter, volume, and surface area consistently showed positive correlations with BMI. Furthermore, associations between adipocyte sizing parameters and glucose, HbA1C, or HDL specifically in the visceral adipose depot were revealed. Increasing subcutaneous adipocyte diameter was negatively correlated with adipocyte mitochondrial respiration. CONCLUSIONS Despite different underlying size distributions, the correlation with obesity-related traits was consistent across adipocyte sizing parameters. Decreased mitochondrial respiratory capacity with increasing subcutaneous adipocyte diameter could display a novel link between adipocyte hypertrophy and adipose tissue function.
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Korac A, Srdic-Galic B, Kalezic A, Stancic A, Otasevic V, Korac B, Jankovic A. Adipokine signatures of subcutaneous and visceral abdominal fat in normal-weight and obese women with different metabolic profiles. Arch Med Sci 2021; 17:323-336. [PMID: 33747267 PMCID: PMC7959090 DOI: 10.5114/aoms/92118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Metabolic syndrome arises from abnormal adipose function accompanied by insulin resistance. As early factors reflecting/impacting lipid storage dysfunction of adipose tissues, we sought to determine adipokine levels in subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissues (SAT and VAT). MATERIAL AND METHODS Gene and protein expression levels of leptin, adiponectin, and resistin were analysed in SAT and VAT of normal-weight and overweight/obese women, subclassified according to insulin resistance index, triglyceride, total, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels into metabolically healthy and "at risk" groups. RESULTS Compared with normal-weight women, obese women had higher serum leptin levels (p < 0.05), as well as increased leptin gene and protein expression in VAT. Conversely, expression levels of leptin were lower in SAT of obese women, and minor in the SAT of "at risk" groups of women, compared with weight-matched healthy groups. In addition, lower adiponectin levels were detected in SAT of metabolically healthy obese women (p < 0.01), and lower in SAT and VAT (p < 0.05) of "at risk" obese women compared to healthy, obese women. Significant differences in resistin levels were only observed in obese women; resistin gene expression was higher in VAT and SAT of obese, compared to normal-weight women. However, higher gene expression was not consistent with protein expression of resistin. CONCLUSIONS Low adiponectin in both examined adipose tissues and inappropriate leptin expression levels in SAT appear to be important characteristics of obesity-related metabolic syndrome. Intriguingly, this adipokine dysregulation is primary seen in SAT, suggesting that endocrine dysfunction in this abdominal depot may be an early risk sign of metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Korac
- Center for Electron Microscopy, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Biljana Srdic-Galic
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Andjelika Kalezic
- Institute for Biological Research “Sinisa Stankovic”, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ana Stancic
- Institute for Biological Research “Sinisa Stankovic”, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vesna Otasevic
- Institute for Biological Research “Sinisa Stankovic”, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Bato Korac
- Institute for Biological Research “Sinisa Stankovic”, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Jankovic
- Institute for Biological Research “Sinisa Stankovic”, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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Alizadeh M, Shahrbanian S, Hackney AC. Comparison of the effects of 12 weeks of three types of resistance training (traditional, circular and interval) on the levels of neuregulin 4, adiponectin and leptin in non-athletic men with obesity. ARCHIVOS DE MEDICINA DEL DEPORTE : PUBLICACION DE LA FEDERACION ESPANOLA DE MEDICINA DEL DEPORTE 2021; 38:389-396. [PMID: 35493286 PMCID: PMC9053093 DOI: 10.18176/archmeddeporte.00066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to compare three types of resistance training including traditional, circular and interval in non-athletic men with obesity in comparison to a control group for neuregulin 4, adiponectin and leptin responses. MATERIAL AND METHOD The sample of the study included 44 non-athletic men with obesity, who were randomly divided into the 4 equal groups (10 per each group): traditional, circular, and interval resistance training as well as a control group. Neuregulin 4, leptin and adiponectin were analyzed using ELISA commercial kits. RESULTS The results of mixed-design ANOVA with repeated measures showed that there was a significant interaction between the type of resistance training used and time on neuregulin 4 (F (3, 40) = 80.22, P= 0.005, ES = 0.85), leptin (F (3, 40) = 27.53, P= 0.005, ES = 0.67) and adiponectin (F (3, 40) = 12.44, P= 0.005, ES = 0.48). Considering the main effect of groups, results indicated that there was a significant difference between types of resistance training and control group in neuregulin 4 (F (1, 40) =41.31, P=0.005, ES = 0.75), adiponectin (F (1, 40) =15.08, P=0.005, ES = 0.53) and leptin (F (1, 40) =32.05, P = 0.005, ES = 0.70). CONCLUSION Findings suggest that resistance training, especially interval resistance training can lead to increase the plasma level of neuregulin 4, adiponectin and decrease leptin in non-athletic men with obesity. Interval training showed superior effects on all study outcomes followed by circular and traditional training, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Alizadeh
- Department of Sport Science, Faculty of Humanities, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahnaz Shahrbanian
- Department of Sport Science, Faculty of Humanities, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Anthony C. Hackney
- Department of Exercise & Sport Science, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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Losko M, Dolicka D, Pydyn N, Jankowska U, Kedracka-Krok S, Kulecka M, Paziewska A, Mikula M, Major P, Winiarski M, Budzynski A, Jura J. Integrative genomics reveal a role for MCPIP1 in adipogenesis and adipocyte metabolism. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 77:4899-4919. [PMID: 31893310 PMCID: PMC7658075 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03434-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 11/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is considered a serious chronic disease, associated with an increased risk of developing cardiovascular diseases, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and type 2 diabetes. Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1-induced protein-1 (MCPIP1) is an RNase decreasing stability of transcripts coding for inflammation-related proteins. In addition, MCPIP1 plays an important role in the regulation of adipogenesis in vitro by reducing the expression of key transcription factors, including C/EBPβ. To elucidate the role of MCPIP1 in adipocyte biology, we performed RNA-Seq and proteome analysis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes overexpressing wild-type (WTMCPIP1) and the mutant form of MCPIP1 protein (D141NMCPIP1). Our RNA-Seq analysis followed by confirmatory Q-RT-PCR revealed that elevated MCPIP1 levels in 3T3-L1 adipocytes upregulated transcripts encoding proteins involved in signal transmission and cellular remodeling and downregulated transcripts of factors involved in metabolism. These data are consistent with our proteomic analysis, which showed that MCPIP1 expressing adipocytes exhibit upregulation of proteins involved in cellular organization and movement and decreased levels of proteins involved in lipid and carbohydrate metabolism. Moreover, MCPIP1 adipocytes are characterized by decreased level of insulin receptor, reduced insulin-induced Akt phosphorylation, as well as depleted Glut4 level and impaired glucose uptake. Overexpression of Glut4 in 3T3-L1 cells expressed WTMCPIP1 rescued adipogenesis. Interestingly, we found decreased level of MCPIP1 along with an increase in body mass index in subcutaneous adipose tissue. The presented data show a novel role of MCPIP1 in modulating insulin sensitivity in adipocytes. Overall, our findings demonstrate that MCPIP1 is an important regulator of adipogenesis and adipocyte metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Losko
- Department of General Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Kraków, Poland
| | - Dobrochna Dolicka
- Department of General Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Kraków, Poland
| | - Natalia Pydyn
- Department of General Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Kraków, Poland
| | - Urszula Jankowska
- Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7A, 30-387, Kraków, Poland
| | - Sylwia Kedracka-Krok
- Department of Physical Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Kraków, Poland
| | - Maria Kulecka
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Clinical Oncology, Medical Center for Postgraduate Education, Marymoncka 99/103, 01-813, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Paziewska
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Clinical Oncology, Medical Center for Postgraduate Education, Marymoncka 99/103, 01-813, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michal Mikula
- Department of Genetics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Wawelska 15B, 02-034, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Major
- Second Department of General Surgery, Centre for Research, Training and Innovation in Surgery (CERTAIN Surgery), Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kopernika 21, 31-501, Kraków, Poland
| | - Marek Winiarski
- Second Department of General Surgery, Centre for Research, Training and Innovation in Surgery (CERTAIN Surgery), Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kopernika 21, 31-501, Kraków, Poland
| | - Andrzej Budzynski
- Second Department of General Surgery, Centre for Research, Training and Innovation in Surgery (CERTAIN Surgery), Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kopernika 21, 31-501, Kraków, Poland
| | - Jolanta Jura
- Department of General Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Kraków, Poland.
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Stadler JT, Marsche G. Obesity-Related Changes in High-Density Lipoprotein Metabolism and Function. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E8985. [PMID: 33256096 PMCID: PMC7731239 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21238985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In obese individuals, atherogenic dyslipidemia is a very common and important factor in the increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Adiposity-associated dyslipidemia is characterized by low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels and an increase in triglyceride-rich lipoproteins. Several factors and mechanisms are involved in lowering HDL-C levels in the obese state and HDL quantity and quality is closely related to adiponectin levels and the bioactive lipid sphingosine-1-phosphate. Recent studies have shown that obesity profoundly alters HDL metabolism, resulting in altered HDL subclass distribution, composition, and function. Importantly, weight loss through gastric bypass surgery and Mediterranean diet, especially when enriched with virgin olive oil, is associated with increased HDL-C levels and significantly improved metrics of HDL function. A thorough understanding of the underlying mechanisms is crucial for a better understanding of the impact of obesity on lipoprotein metabolism and for the development of appropriate therapeutic approaches. The objective of this review article was to summarize the newly identified changes in the metabolism, composition, and function of HDL in obesity and to discuss possible pathophysiological consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia T. Stadler
- Otto Loewi Research Center, Division of Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Gunther Marsche
- Otto Loewi Research Center, Division of Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
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Gatticchi L, Petricciuolo M, Scarpelli P, Macchioni L, Corazzi L, Roberti R. Tm7sf2 gene promotes adipocyte differentiation of mouse embryonic fibroblasts and improves insulin sensitivity. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2020; 1868:118897. [PMID: 33121932 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2020.118897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Adipogenesis is a finely orchestrated program involving a transcriptional cascade coordinated by CEBP and PPAR family members and by hormonally induced signaling pathways. Alterations in any of these factors result into impaired formation of fully differentiated adipocytes. Tm7sf2 gene encodes for a Δ(14)-sterol reductase primarily involved in cholesterol biosynthesis. Furthermore, TM7SF2 modulates the expression of the master gene of adipogenesis PPARγ, suggesting a role in the regulation of adipose tissue homeostasis. We investigated the differentiation of Tm7sf2-/- MEFs into adipocytes, compared to Tm7sf2+/+ MEFs. Tm7sf2 expression was increased at late stage of differentiation in wild type cells, while Tm7sf2-/- MEFs exhibited a reduced capacity to differentiate into mature adipocytes. Indeed, Tm7sf2-/- MEFs had lower neutral lipid accumulation and reduced expression of adipogenic regulators. At early stage, the reduction in C/EBPβ expression impaired mitotic clonal expansion, which is needed by preadipocytes for adipogenesis induction. At late stage, the expression and activity of C/EBPα and PPARγ were inhibited in Tm7sf2-/- cells, leading to the reduced expression of adipocyte genes like Srebp-1c, Fasn, Scd-1, Adipoq, Fabp4, and Glut4. Loss of the acquisition of adipocyte phenotype was accompanied by a reduction in the levels of Irs1, and phosphorylated Akt and ERK1/2, indicating a blunted insulin signaling in differentiating Tm7sf2-/- cells. Moreover, throughout the differentiation process, increased expression of the antiadipogenic Mmp3 was observed in MEFs lacking Tm7sf2. These findings indicate Tm7sf2 as a novel factor influencing adipocyte differentiation that could be relevant to adipose tissue development and maintenance of metabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Gatticchi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Maya Petricciuolo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Paolo Scarpelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Lara Macchioni
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Lanfranco Corazzi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Rita Roberti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy.
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Effect of treatment with conditioned media derived from C2C12 myotube on adipogenesis and lipolysis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0237095. [PMID: 32756599 PMCID: PMC7406041 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0237095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Regular exercise is an effective strategy that is used to prevent and treat obesity as well as type 2 diabetes. Exercise-induced myokine secretion is considered a mechanism that coordinates communication between muscles and other organs. In order to examine the possibility of novel communications from muscle to adipose tissue mediated by myokines, we treated 3T3-L1 adipocytes with C2C12 myotube electrical pulse stimulation-conditioned media (EPS-CM), using a C2C12 myotube contraction system stimulated by an electrical pulse. Continuous treatment with myotube EPS-CM promoted adipogenesis of 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes via the upregulation of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARγ) 2 and PPARγ-regulated gene expression. Furthermore, our results revealed that myotube EPS-CM induces lipolysis and secretion of adiponectin in mature adipocytes. EPS-CM obtained from a C2C12 myoblast culture did not induce such changes in these genes, suggesting that contraction-induced myokine(s) secretion occurs particularly in differentiated myotubes. Thus, contraction-induced secretion of myokine(s) promotes adipogenesis and lipid metabolism in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. These findings suggest the possibility that skeletal muscle communicates to adipose tissues during exercise, probably by the intermediary of unidentified myokines.
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Maternal high-fat diet induces long-term obesity with sex-dependent metabolic programming of adipocyte differentiation, hypertrophy and dysfunction in the offspring. Clin Sci (Lond) 2020; 134:921-939. [PMID: 32239178 DOI: 10.1042/cs20191229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Maternal obesity determines obesity and metabolic diseases in the offspring. The white adipose tissue (WAT) orchestrates metabolic pathways, and its dysfunction contributes to metabolic disorders in a sex-dependent manner. Here, we tested if sex differences influence the molecular mechanisms of metabolic programming of WAT in offspring of obese dams. To this end, maternal obesity was induced with high-fat diet (HFD) and the offspring were studied at an early phase [postnatal day 21 (P21)], a late phase (P70) and finally P120. In the early phase we found a sex-independent increase in WAT in offspring of obese dams using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), which was more pronounced in females than males. While the adipocyte size increased in both sexes, the distribution of WAT differed in males and females. As mechanistic hints, we identified an inflammatory response in females and a senescence-associated reduction in the preadipocyte factor DLK in males. In the late phase, the obese body composition persisted in both sexes, with a partial reversal in females. Moreover, female offspring recovered completely from both the adipocyte hypertrophy and the inflammatory response. These findings were linked to a dysregulation of lipolytic, adipogenic and stemness-related markers as well as AMPKα and Akt signaling. Finally, the sex-dependent metabolic programming persisted with sex-specific differences in adipocyte size until P120. In conclusion, we do not only provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms of sex-dependent metabolic programming of WAT dysfunction, but also highlight the sex-dependent development of low- and high-grade pathogenic obesity.
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Evaluation of Fat Accumulation and Adipokine Production during the Long-Term Adipogenic Differentiation of Porcine Intramuscular Preadipocytes and Study of the Influence of Immunobiotics. Cells 2020; 9:cells9071715. [PMID: 32708964 PMCID: PMC7408200 DOI: 10.3390/cells9071715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The degree of fat accumulation and adipokine production are two major indicators of obesity that are correlated with increased adipose tissue mass and chronic inflammatory responses. Adipocytes have been considered effector cells for the inflammatory responses due to their capacity to express Toll-like receptors (TLRs). In this study, we evaluated the degree of fat accumulation and adipokine production in porcine intramuscular preadipocyte (PIP) cells maintained for in vitro differentiation over a long period without or with stimulation of either TNF-α or TLR2-, TLR3-, or TLR4-ligands. The cytosolic fat accumulation was measured by liquid chromatography and the expression of adipokines (CCL2, IL-6, IL-8 and IL-10) were quantified by RT-qPCR and ELISA at several time points (0 to 20 days) of PIP cells differentiation. Long-term adipogenic differentiation (LTAD) induced a progressive fat accumulation in the adipocytes over time. Activation of TLR3 and TLR4 resulted in an increased rate of fat accumulation into the adipocytes over the LTAD. The production of CCL2, IL-8 and IL-6 were significantly increased in unstimulated adipocytes during the LTAD, while IL-10 expression remained stable over the studied period. An increasing trend of adiponectin and leptin production was also observed during the LTAD. On the other hand, the stimulation of adipocytes with TLRs agonists or TNF-α resulted in an increasing trend of CCL2, IL-6 and IL-8 production while IL-10 remained stable in all four treatments during the LTAD. We also examined the influences of several immunoregulatory probiotic strains (immunobiotics) on the modulation of the fat accumulation and adipokine production using supernatants of immunobiotic-treated intestinal immune cells and the LTAD of PIP cells. Immunobiotics have shown a strain-specific ability to modulate the fat accumulation and adipokine production, and differentiation of adipocytes. Here, we expanded the utility and potential application of our in vitro PIP cells model by evaluating an LTAD period (20 days) in order to elucidate further insights of chronic inflammatory pathobiology of adipocytes associated with obesity as well as to explore the prospects of immunomodulatory intervention for obesity such as immunobiotics.
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Effects of dapagliflozin and statins attenuate renal injury and liver steatosis in high-fat/high-fructose diet-induced insulin resistant rats. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2020; 396:114997. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2020.114997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Basolo A, Shah MH, Parthasarathy V, Parrington S, Walter M, Votruba SB, Krakoff J, Piaggi P, Chang DC. Thigh Adipocyte Size is Inversely Related to Energy Intake and Respiratory Quotient in Healthy Women. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2020; 28:1129-1140. [PMID: 32352645 PMCID: PMC7245563 DOI: 10.1002/oby.22804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The relationship between adipocyte size and ad libitum energy intake has not been previously examined. This study hypothesized an inverse relationship between adipocyte size and daily energy intake (DEI). METHODS Seventy healthy adults (39 men and 31 women; BMI 30.0 [SD 6.3]) underwent dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry and subcutaneous fat biopsies from the abdomen and thigh. Osmium-fixed adipocytes were sized with a Coulter counter. Volunteers self-selected food from a vending machine paradigm as the only source of energy intake over 3 days as inpatients. Volunteers also had 24-hour respiratory quotient (RQ) measured in a whole-room indirect calorimeter. RESULTS In women, the large cell peak diameter of the thigh depot was greater than that of the abdominal depot (Δ = +15.8 μm; P < 0.0001). In women, thigh peak diameter was inversely associated with DEI (β = -264.7 kcal/d per 10-μm difference; P = 0.03) after adjusting for demographics and body composition. The thigh peak diameter in women was associated with 24-hour RQ (r = -0.47, P = 0.04) after adjusting for demographics, body composition, and 24-hour energy balance. These associations did not extend to men or the abdominal depot. CONCLUSIONS In women, thigh adipocyte size was associated with reduced DEI and 24-hour RQ, indicating a special role for thigh fat in women. This depot-specific sexual dimorphism indicates common regulation of energy intake and adipocyte size in the thigh region of women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Basolo
- Obesity and Diabetes Clinical Research Section, Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Mujtaba H. Shah
- Obesity and Diabetes Clinical Research Section, Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Varsha Parthasarathy
- Obesity and Diabetes Clinical Research Section, Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Shannon Parrington
- Obesity and Diabetes Clinical Research Section, Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Mary Walter
- Clinical Core Laboratory, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Susanne B. Votruba
- Obesity and Diabetes Clinical Research Section, Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Jonathan Krakoff
- Obesity and Diabetes Clinical Research Section, Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Paolo Piaggi
- Obesity and Diabetes Clinical Research Section, Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Douglas C. Chang
- Obesity and Diabetes Clinical Research Section, Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, AZ, USA
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Zhou X, Shi X, Wang J, Zhang X, Xu Y, Liu Y, Li X, Yang G. miR-324-5p promotes adipocyte differentiation and lipid droplet accumulation by targeting Krueppel-like factor 3 (KLF3). J Cell Physiol 2020; 235:7484-7495. [PMID: 32385917 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
miRNAs, a kind of noncoding small RNA, play a significant role in adipose differentiation. In this study, we explored the effect of miR-324-5p in adipose differentiation, and found that miR-324-5p could promote adipocytes differentiation and increase body weight in mice. We overexpressed miR-324-5p during adipocytes differentiation, by oil red O and bodipy staining found that lipid accumulation was increased, and the expression level of adipogenic related genes were significantly increased. And the opposite experimental results were obtained after inhibiting miR-324-5p. In vivo, we injected miR-324-5p agomiR in obese mice and found that body weight, adipocyte area, and adipogenic-related gene expression level were significantly increased but lipolytic genes were decreased. To further explore the mechanism of miR-324-5p regulation in lipid accumulation, we constructed Krueppel-like factor 3 (KLF3) 3'-untranslated region luciferase reporter vector and KLF3 pcDNA 3.1 overexpression vector, and found that miR-324-5p was able to directly target KLF3. Overall, in this study we found that miR-324-5p could promote mice preadipoytes differentiation and increase mice fat accumulation by targeting KLF3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition and Muscle Development, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xin'e Shi
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition and Muscle Development, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition and Muscle Development, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition and Muscle Development, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yanting Xu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition and Muscle Development, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yihao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition and Muscle Development, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiao Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition and Muscle Development, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Gongshe Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition and Muscle Development, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
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Borghi F, Silva C, da Silva PC, Ferrucci DL, Morais CL, Conceição-Vertamatti AG, Carvalho HF, Fonseca MDC, Vieira AS, Grassi-Kassisse DM. The influence of hypertensive environment on adipose tissue remodeling measured by fluorescence lifetime imaging in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2020; 506:110758. [PMID: 32057944 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2020.110758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
There is a lack of information correlating low adiposity with hypertension experienced by Spontaneous Hypertensive Rats (SHR) or overweight and normotension in Wistar-Kyoto (WKY). We aimed to investigate this lipodystrophy phenomenon by measuring fluorescence lifetime (FLIM), optical redox ratio (ORR), serum levels of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) and/or hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) hormones axes between Wistar, WKY and SHR before and after establishment of hypertension. Under high blood pressure, we evaluated serum adipokines. Brown adipose tissue was characterized as lower ORR and shorter FLIM compared to white adipose tissue. HPT axis showed a crucial role in the SHR adipose tissue configuration by attenuating whitening. The increased adiposity in WKY may act as a preventive agent for hypertension, since SHR, with low adiposity, establishes the disease. The hypertensive environment can highlight key adipokines that may result in new therapeutic approaches to the treatment of adiposity dysfunctions and hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipy Borghi
- LABEEST, Laboratory of Stress Study, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, 13083-862, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Carolina Silva
- LABEEST, Laboratory of Stress Study, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, 13083-862, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Priscila Cristina da Silva
- LABEEST, Laboratory of Stress Study, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, 13083-862, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Danilo Lopes Ferrucci
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, 13083-862, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Camila Lidiane Morais
- LABEEST, Laboratory of Stress Study, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, 13083-862, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Gabriela Conceição-Vertamatti
- LABEEST, Laboratory of Stress Study, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, 13083-862, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Hernandes Faustino Carvalho
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, 13083-862, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Matheus de Castro Fonseca
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), 13083-970, Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - André Schwambach Vieira
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, 13083-862, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Dora Maria Grassi-Kassisse
- LABEEST, Laboratory of Stress Study, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, 13083-862, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
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